new swedish coach - Orienteering Canada

ORIENTEERING
CANADA
.
VOL 3, NO 1, NOV. 1975
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1
ORIENTEERING
CANADA
Editor's Notes
EDITOR : JURI PEEPRE
President's Message
I
Executive Director
2
I.O.F. Congress
3
Know Thy Trees
4
Fitness on 5c a Day
7
New Swedish Coach
9
Welcome N.W T
IO
Youth Training Camp
i2
O'Ree an'T, Ring
Trim 'fa'
13
16
Western Ways
20
B Meets and Training
O.Ringen
,
*QOM
1975
Footwear
Canadian Championships 0
al
24
26
29
Course Setting Competition 33
Juri Peepre
4 Floral Dr.
Guelph Ont.
Many people probably wondered
if 'Orienteering Canada' had
permanently retired. Well,
admittedly its been a long
time since the last issue, but
the magazine is quite alive and
well. In early May I found
myself bushwhacking through the
northern forests, and in late
August, I still hadn't found my
way out of the woods. If school
work had not interfered with my
education I think the northland
would have kept me there for
yet another season. At any rate
once city life and school
commenced 'Orienteering Canada'
was once again shelved. But
I've discovered that participating in and organizing orienteering meets every weekend wreaks
havoc on school work anyways,
and hence since my academic
pursuits are in a shambles, I
present you with the final issue
of 1975. This issue hopefully
offers something for everyone I get terribly bored with
politics and endless advice on
competitive techniques, as I'm
sure many of you do as well.
One final word - COF is looking
for a new editor to manage the
production of future Orienteering Canada issues. If you'd like
to participate, or even assume
full responsibility, let yourself be known. The only requirement is to enjoy writing, and
be able to decipher articles
into readable English.
presidenth message
Looking back over the past year
in Canadian orienteering,it gives
me great pleasure to report that
our hopes for the new programs
planned from the national level
were fullfilled. This was possible for two reasons: greatly
increased financial assistance
from 1;Aalth & Welfare Canada,
and the hard work of many devoted people in both the COF and
provincial orienteering associations.
It was truly a season for Canadian juniors. The training tour and
competitions in Europe in July,
greatly enhanced the performance
of many junior competitors.
The national youth training camp
in Hamilton, Untario,during the
Canadian Championships, provided
another opportunity for young
orienteers to get some top quality instructors.
As well, two orienteers received
substantial grants from the federal government program to aid
young atheletes.
Some other items of note this
year were : the I.O.F. Congress
in SwAan ; the formation of two
new provincial associations- New
Brunswick and the Northwest Terretories
a large federal grant
for new maps ; many new 'TRIM'
orienteering areas ; orient-
eering seminars at the national
C.A.H.P.E.R. Conference in
Saskatchewan.
The greatest leap forward for COF
was the establishment of an administrative office in Ottawa, and
the hiring of a full time executive director. Although this new
arrangement will not be a pancea for all our national problems
in orienteering it certainly will
bring us closer to our aims and
objectives, and will hopefully
promote closer communications
between provincial orienteering
associations.
As many of you already know,I
have been unable to participate
in this last orienteering season
due to a lengthy illness. I especially regret not being able to
attend the Canadian Championships
to personally meet and welcome
the provincial delegations. My
heartiest congratulations to all
competitors- it was a truly high
calibre meet.
I would like to thank all of you
for your good wishes during my
illness, and although it may be
some time before I am out running again, be assured thet the
planning process for next year hes
not stopped.
A special thanks to Mike Day for
so ably taking over during the fall
months t and carrying out many COF
duties
SASS PEEPRE
.
1
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
HIRED FOR C.O.F
The Canadian Orienteering
Federation has hired an executive
director, with the national
office now located in Ottawa.
Bryan Shane, of Ottawa, was
selected from several applicants
for the position, and assumed
his administrative duties early
in October. The executive
director's position will fill
the need for a full-time person
to administrate orienteering at
the national level, co-ordinate
provincial activities, and
assist in fund-raising. The
director will be responsible to
the elected C.O.F. board of
directors, and to the executive
committee.
Bryan Shane graduated from
Carleton University in 1973
with a degree in Political
Science and Geography, and
received a Diploma in Community
Development from Algonquin
College in 1975. He has been
active in many athletic events
such as football, hockey and
golf. Bryan's employment
history includes working with
the Boy Scouts of Canada, where
he assumed administrative as
well as research tasks. Bryan
has also been involved with
Pollution Probe, the Federal
Dept. of Supply and Services,
and the Dept. of Consumer and
Corporate affairs.
His latest athletic pursuit
is orienteering, and upon
questioning, feels that it's
an ideal sport (a wise statement when being interviewed
by an '0' fanatic.) At any
rate Bryan has joined the
Ottawa Orienteering Club, and
has participated in several
meets, including the Canadian
Championships. (If we knew
where he placed we'd print it,
but we don't have the results.)
Bryan pointed out that during
the first few months he would
be working closely with the
C.O.F. in setting up the
national office, and deciding
on the precise role of his
position. He did mention aspects
of general promotion, administration, and communication. Well,
the orienteers of Canada certainly wish you luck, Bryan,
for the job at hand is a challenging one. We are confident
that the C.O.F. will take
another step forward with your
appointment.
COVER PHOTO : Per Gaarder, originally
of the Nordic Club, Toronto, now a
member of the B.C. orienteering clan.
2
International Federation
Meets in Stockholm
The IOF Conference was held
this past summer in Stockholm,
Sweden, at the famous Swedish
Sports Institute. Canada was
represented by president Sass
Peepre, Helen Huculak, and
Colin Kirk.
The federation held a working
conference with an emphasis on
committee work. Helen Huculak
has served on the Education
and Promotion Committee the
past year, and was elected
again for the next two year
term. Helen was able to contribute a great deal to the promotion group.
Sass Peepre represented Canada
with his endless enthusiasm
and friendship, but found the
Competition Committee a little
technical, yet certainly a
learning experience.
Colin, with his bottle of Canadian Club, served as the public
relations officer for Canada,
often holding meetings well
into the night with the Danish
delegation. Colin also served
on the Mapping Committee, and
was elected to the post for the
next two years. Canada's maps
were on display, and even
though some of our best truly
'homemade' maps were unfortuna-
tely not seen, it's certain
that we no longer must take a
back seat in this area of
development.
Eric Tobe, president of the
IOF for ten years, resigned
his position to Lasse Heideman
of Finland. Eric was presented
with a beaver tail by the
Canadian delegation. (Apparently
Helen had been lucky on her
trap line at Beaver Meadows.)
The new president, Lasse, was
instrumental in organizing
the first World Championships
in 1966, as well as assisting
with the first Ski Championships held last winter.
Inga Lowdin, resigned her post
as secretary. Inga has been
most helpful in the development of the Canadian Orienteering Federation, and was presented with a book, 'Canadian
Rivers'.
The next IOF Conference will
be held in Innsbruck, in 1977.
Perhaps a combination skiorienteering holiday will be
in order:
3
11. KNOW THY TREES
by Juri Peepre
When introducing a friend to
orienteering, we usually stress
the fact that the sport is
outdoors, in the forest, and
that one may be immersed in a
sense of union with nature. In
truth, however, choosing the
fastest route through a maze
of knolls and re-entrants has
very little to do with contemplative nature appreciation.
But, if less competitively
inclined, or perhaps during
course-setting or map making,
one finds that the forest offers
a fascination in variety of
plant and animal life. The
trees of the forest are an
orienteers perpetual visual
image, yet many of us know very
little about the different species.
Most Canadian orienteers
practice their bush running
antics in the Deciduous and
Great-Lakes-St. Lawrence
forest region. The Maritimers
struggle through Acadian Forest
stands, while the Westerners
must climb 200' Douglas Firs
just to see the terrain form.
Prairie orienteers simply crawl
about in the grass occasionally
finding a marker in a stunted
aspen grove.
Lets examine some of these species
-- the ones we are constantly
bumping into, devastating our
baby-blue running suits. And, as
the majority of us suffer the
antagonisms of the eastern
forests, it seems appropriate to
begin thus:
EASTERN WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus)
At the risk of cliche, this tree
is best described as majestic.
The 'Group of Seven' artists,
whose Canadian landscape scenes
are internationally recognized,
often travelled to Shield country and depicted white pine
twisting ruggedly out of the
bare rock surface. Before the
French, Brits, and Scots collectively flattened out the landscape of Upper and Lower Canada
to dig around in the dirt for
alleged agricultural purposes, it
was white pine that blanketed the
land, often attaining 150-200
feet. The species formed an
almost monolithic cover of
straight, broadly oval-outlined
form.
The contemporary Pinus strobus
grows to 100 feet in areas of
moist soils, and is usually mixed
with deciduous species. The soft
light green needles are 2-5 inches
long and are grouped in fives.
4
RED PINE (Pinus resinosa)
This species is significant in
that it is readily climbed during
'0'-races to either gain a
vantage point when dis-oriented,
or to observe wildlife. The Red
Pine grows to 75 or 100 feet,
has an oval crown, and reddish
to pinkish bark. In contrast
to the white pine, there are
two 4-6 inch flexible needles
in a grouping.
LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta)
Pinus contorta is not humorous.
Thick and usually impenetrable
stands proliferate in the west,
and furthermore, offer a haven
for the dreaded wood tick. (Mass
hysteria) Orienteers on the
coast no doubt are familiar with
this species, but for the
benefit of others I'll point out
that the needles are stiff, very
sharp, and grouped in twos.
TAMARACK (Larix laricina)
Under normal circumstances the
Tamarack is a graceful,
delicately-leaved species, soft
to the touch, and artistically
pleasing. But, as orienteers,
we usually encounter the tree
while thrashing in a frenzy
through a watery marsh. Hence,
it is transformed into a
treacherous animal scraping our
arms, pricking eyes, and
ensnaring our Kompass-rosen
footwear. As a deciduous
conifer, the Tamarack loses its
foliage in winter. There are
10-20 soft, light-green needles
in each grouping.
HEMLOCK (Tsuga Canadensis)
A beautiful dark green co ora-
tion.... without a doubt my
favourite tree. The needles are
flat, rounded, and arranged on
elegant broadly spreading
branches. But the tiny oblong
cones tightly arranged in
clusters, are the real delight
of this species.
EASTERN WHITE CEDAR
(Thuja occidentalis)
This is the one tree that
orienteers have probably cursed
if ever competing near Guelph.
Cedar swamps are popular
landscape feature throughout
the Hamilton-Guelph area, but
are also noteworthy in
Peterborough. As an individual
tree, the cedar is quite
acceptable -- a narrow conical
shape with dull yellowish green
and scaly leaves. In dry areas
the cedar spaces itself
reasonably, and is easily
passable, but when fortunate
5
4
enough to find a swamp as a
habitat it seems to lose all
semblence of control : Tangled,
twisted, upside down, branchy,
crowded, and probably slightly
resentful of any other plant
attempting a permanent
residency.
SUMAC (Rhus typhina)
Deserves attention due to its
antagonistic behaviour towards
orienteers. This stunted,
multi-stemmed species grows in
old firebreaks, clearings,
hydro-lines, and the like, and
is particularly remarkable
during the Clarke Orienteering
Club meets in Bowmanville.
Its somewhat stressful to choose
a route along a firebreak in
order to clever ly save time,
yet subsequently spend the
entire sequence with your back
hunched over and your nose to
the ground.
The sumac foliage, as a
redeeming feature, is an
exquisite crimson in the
autumn.
There are dozens of other
species that are important
members of the orienteers
repertoire. I'm convinced that
a sound knowledge of plant materials and the terrain can save a
great deal of time. Knowing
what types of plants are
associated with low lying areas,
for instance, may very well be
the key to more efficient route
choice. But this article is not
concerned with orienteering
technique -- I'm simply suggesting that we stop to take a more
appreciative look at the environment which offers us the
facility for our sport.
6
Fitness on 5. a Day
by Mall Peepre
Now that I have the attention
of any cheapskates reading
this magazine, let me explain
that the five cents a day is
only an estimate - it really
depends on how fast you wear
out the treads on your Adidas.
If you can make one good pair
of training or walking shoes
last a whole year, then I won't
be a liar: (But if you go for
the flashy blue shoes with
yellow stripes, it may cost you
a bit more ...)
In any case, one decision that
every orienteer has to make at
some point is whether orienteering itself should be your
method of obtaining fitness,
or should you instead be trying
to improve your fitness level
generally so you can enjoy
orienteering more - as a
recreational activity or sport
on weekends. If you are not
active in other recreational
pursuits on a regular basis,
chances are you cannot be
getting the most out of orienteering, since meets are 2 or 3
weeks apart. Thus, you may be
wise to plan a fitness program
for yourself that will give you
maximum benefit in minimum time.
In planning a personal fitness
program, there are a few basic
principles to be considered.
Keep in mind that the particular goals you want to attain
will determine what type of
exercise pattern is appropriate
for you. If your interest
lies primarily in controlling
your weight, or perhaps even
losing a bit, direct your
attention to balancing the
number of calories you burn
up in exercise with the
calories consumed at mealtimes. This calorie expenditure is cummulative; that is,
it does not make any difference whether you exercise 60
times a day for 1 minute each
time, or for a whole hour
non-stop - the fact is you
burn up an equal number of
calories either way. In your
daily life, you can burn up
excess calories by climbing
stairs, (forget elevators)
bicycling or walking to work
(lock up your car in the
garage), taking a 10-minute
exercise break instead of a
coffee break etc. etc. Some
recreational activities that
do not have a high fitness
value but which will burn up
calories are golf, curling,
bowling, scuba-diving, softball, waterskiing, slow
walking.
7
The second area to be considered
is "functional" fitness - which
can be further subdivided into
flexibility (better range of
movement in joints), muscle "tone"
(includes strength and muscular
endurance), and cardiorespiratory
fitness (increased efficiency of
heart, lungs, blood vessels).
3. Vigorous - enough to make
you puff a little and
perspire When first
beginning a fitness
program, work up to and
sustain your agepredicted 'target' heart
rate during exercise,
as follows:
From a health point of view,
cardiorespiratory or "aerobic"
fitness is by far the most
important single aspect of overall fitness, as well as contributing most to the general feeling of well-being associated
with being physically fit.
Aerobic fitness is also the most
difficult component to improve it may take 2-3 months before
you show a significant change in
your endurance.
Since extensive research has
been carried out in the area of
cardiorespiratory fitness, the
formula for a good program is
based on sound principles.
Whatever form of exercise or
sport you choose to use as your
program, it must adhere to the
following formula:
1. Regular - minimum 3 times
per week - every weekl
2. Sustained activity continuous movement for a
minimum of 15 minutes each
time (30 minutes is better),
preceded by an adequate
warmup and followed by a
short cool-down.
AGE
20-29
30-39
HEART
RATE
/MIN.
133
127
40-49
50-59
60-69
125
120
115
After a few weeks, you can
begin increasing your target
heart rate gradually.
The following activities
will improve aerobic or
endurance" fitness best
since they consist of
continuous movement:
cycling, cross-country skiing, skating, hiking,
canoeing, rowing, orienteering, swimming, brisk walking,
jogging, skipping, squaredancing, etc. - but remember
they are benefical only if
you use the formula above.
"
8
If you have been inactive
for a long time, except for
sporadic bursts of energy
(ie. at orienteering meets
) you
every few weeks
should consider embarking on a
fitness program which will
give you added energy not only
while running in orienteering
meets, but in your daily life
as well.
As a bonus, you will be toning
your leg muscles, improving
circulation, burning up excess
calories (so you can then eat
all the chocolate cake you
want), as well as reducing your
risk of developing heart disease
in the future.
A few final pointers - it has
to be fun, or you probably will
not keep going for long; start
slowly, so you do not get overfatigued (or discouraged); if
you are walking or jogging, buy
proper well-fitting footwear;
exercise with a friend - it's
a lot more fun: Stick to your
fitness program for the winter
months, and it is guaranteed
that you will enjoy orienteering next spring a whole lot
more (not to mention your
future as a potential Canadian
champion
)1
GOOD LUCKIII
Footnote: free 46-page booklet "Health and Fitness"
available from Recreation
Canada, Journal Building,
365 Laurier Avenue W.,
Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0X6.
NEW SWEDISH COACH
Goran ohlund, well-known to many
Canadians, as a top orienteer
and map-maker, has recently
taken on a new major responsibility in his homeland, namely
that of National coach.
This means that in the future
Goran will be arranging training
camps for what is called the
"National Team Group" (about
20 30 of Sweden's top orienteers)
and then selecting teams to
represent Sweden in international
events.
-
His biggest task for 1976 will
be selecting the team to compete
in Britain at the World Championships and this will not be easy
with the large number of elite
orienteers in Sweden.
But I'm sure we all want to
wish him Good Luck in this
responsibility and just hope
his team doesn't beat ours too
badly at the World Championships!
Bob Kaill
9
WELCOME N.W.T. !
The northlands of Canada have
finally arrived - the people
of the north have joined the
orienteering family. This past
summer two meets, a clinic,
and the formation of an
association officially welcomed
the Northwest Territories into
the Canadian Orienteering
Federation.
The terrain in many areas of
the territories is ideal for
orienteering and the residents
show an enthusiasm for outdoor
activity simply not found in
other parts of Canada.
We've all become familiar with
northern cross-country skiers I wonder how soon we'll be
chasing their orienteers through
the bush.
Garden Capital to tell them
what orienteering was all
about, to give them basic
instructions on how to read a
map and how to use a compass.
Juri Peepre, a native of
Ontario, and one of the
instructors hired by Parks
Canada for the Conservation
Corps, is himself one of the
best orienteers in Canada and
his enthusiasm for this
popular sport, which for a
meet in the east gathers
hundreds of participants,
easily rubbed off on many of
the crowd.
"Fort Smith's ski hill was the
starting point of the first
orienteering meet ever held in
the Northwest Territories.
Interest for the outdoors is
more and more evident in Fort
Smith. One only has to notice
the popularity and the steady
increase in the number of
participants at the Park's
public programs. The crowd
last Sunday only proved the
point when a large number of
families, including tots
suspended in back-packs, as
well as individuals turned up
to the meet - which could only
be described as a success.
Last Sunday, the Wood Buffalo
National Parks Conservation
Corps hosted some fifty-five
residents and visitors to the
The introduction to orienteering techniques took about
thirty minutes and after everyone had been issued with a map
Below is an article which
appeared in the Fort Smith
paper:
10
and compass, it was time to
test the newly acquired skills.
It was interesting to note how
many already had a compass of
their own and it was evident
that almost everyone had to be
instructed again after they had
been issued their map and were
on their own.
The Axe Handle Hill is just the
right terrain for a beginner to
practise on. The Hill was known
to many participants as the
trails are used in the winter
for cross-country skiing, but,
even then, many people were
lost only twenty-five feet from
the starting line.
Once the first check-point had
been found, the map, compass and
having such a green-belt for
year-round enjoyment. A person
doesn't have to travel miles
and miles to get out of a city
just to appreciate how green
looks. Anyone within our
community can, by walking a
few steps, almost get lost in
the wilderness around Fort
Smith.
The many trails in the park
area from the Water-Intake
Plant to the Golf Course are
there for the using, summer
and winter, as it was when
more than fifty hikers set out
to find the check-points,
which were set some distance
from the trails and could be
found only with the use of
map and compass.
the idea behind the use. of them
started to make sense and soon
everyone was on the right trail.
Two alternative routes could be
taken. One 2.1 kilometer for the
novice and slower walker and a
long course of 4.6 kilometers
which was titled 'a greater
challenge for skiers and outdoorsment.
When one travels on the trails
around Axe Handle Hill in Fort
Smith, one can not but appreciate how fortunate we are
For some, it was a matter of
getting from point to point
in the shortest possible time,
even if it meant travelling
through the bush in the
direction the compass demanded.
For most, however, it was a
day to enjoy, walking - or at
most jogging, along the trails
until the compass and map compared with the trail and
terrain and told that a checkpoint was near at hand.
11
Everyone finished the course
laid out and met up again at
the Ski Cabin where refreshments were served.
There was a general agreement that orienteering, although
new to most people in Fort Smith,
is an exciting way to enjoy
nature. Maybe someone in Town
who is familiar with this sport,
will one day arrange another
such experience.
In the meantime, the trails
shown on the enclosed map are
there for the enjoyment of everyone - try them: Ib Kristiansand
YOUTH TRAINING CAMP
What was officially to be a
youth camp turned out to be a
combined youth training and
adult instructional clinic.
In this way we were able to
accomodate some of our newer
orienteering provinces who had
no juniors at the Canadian
Championships in Hamilton;
British Columbia, Saskatchewan,
Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec,
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and
the Northwest Territories were
among our number.
To help the participants develop their skills in Orienteering techniques, map-making,
course-setting and training,
our group included some of the
best orienteers and instructors
in the country: Ted de St. Croix,
Ron Lowry, Pam McIntosh, Juri
Peepre, Alar Ruutopold, Susan
Budge and a visiting Swede, Leif
Akerblom.
With such a talented collection
of people at the Canterbury
Hills Center, set in the
beautiful hills and forest only
a few miles from the championship map, no orienteer could
help but gain a wealth of
knowledge about orienteering.
We certainly all enjoyed ourselves.
Because the championships took
up much of the weekend, only
one physical training session
could be held, with the rest
of the time being spent on
indoor analysis and explanation
of what it means to be a good
orienteer and how we can learn
to strive towards becoming one.
And that last statement sums
up what we hope was the main
message our informal instruction put across: there is no
such thing as a "perfect
orienteer", but rather a good
orienteer is the individual
who is always learning something new:
Bob Kaill
Camp Director
12
o'ree an't.ring
Hi Fellow Orienteers, this is
your old friend J.A.M.B.O'Ree
once more. It has been quite
a while since I last wrote an
article for Orienteering Canada.
In the last issue my spot was
taken up with a tale of Colin
Kirk and his trip to the Ontario
Championships. The issue before
that my partner T.Ring (Ding-aling) had a poem printed about
my unfortunate experience at the
World Orienteering Championships.
Now it is my turn and I would
like to show that 'anything he
can do I can do better'. Therefore my article is going to be
in the form of an epic poem 'The
Saga of the First Orienteer';
who you will see was very closely
related to me, and no doubt
accounts for some of my extraordinary orienteering talent.
'THE SAGA OF THE FIRST ORIENTEER' by J.A.M.B.O'Ree
"In days of old (my school books told)
before compasses were invented,
the early travellers journeyed far
by being' oriented'.
No one had yet dug out the holes
to place the North and Southern Poles;
the East was called the 'Orient'
and twas in this direction men mainly went.
Each morning when their day begun
they yawned, then stretched, then faced the sun:
The sun they knew rose in the East,
no compass bothered them (not in the least).
With East in front and West behind
any direction they could find;
just when the sun hid from their sight
were they in any kind of plight.
Once, when the sun hid from his view
a young man thought of things he could do:
He invented a game that would help all mankind,
that you did alone, and by using your mind.
13
This game he called 'Travelling A-Far',
by day use the sun, by night "The Great Star'.
This first orienteer was related to me,
a far distant kinsman of your friend J.A.M.B.O'Ree.
His name clearly says he was 'as Irish as could be'
when he left Erins Isle and set off to sea:
To Rome he did sail, and he made the trip 'solo',
this first orienteer was named Mark O'Polo.
In Rome he got
navigating his
Upon the Great
who became his
restless and onward he went
way to the 'Far Orient':
Plains he met a strong, clever man,
first rival, twas the great Genghis Khan.
They planned the first race, one control, that was all,
the Control Description read 'China-End of Stone Wall':
The price was some wine in an old goatskin bag,
the spot would be marked by a red and white flag.
They started in India, early in June,
Mark lost several days when he met a monsoon:
he fell further behind all through the Fall,
finally, late in December, he arrived at the 'Wall'.
It stretched on for ever and he was 'down in the mouth'
as he turned to the right and followed it South;
for sure he'd been beaten, by over a week,
Oh why had he thought up this weird 'Hide and Seek'.
But on reaching the 'Wall' and then setting forth,
Khan turned to his left and went far to the North;
as usual, the Description had not told it all
and had conveniently left out WHICH "End of the Wall'.
So it wasn't a
but a relative
to tell how he
my Great Great
Swede who was the first orienteer,
of mine, and I wish he were here;
won after feeling 'so low',
Grand Dad, old Mark O'Polo.
14
For the truth, if
it seems that the
The Course-Setter
and hadn't a clue
he told it, would cause a disgrace,
flag was hung in the WRONG PLACE :
had drank the wine from the bag
where he hung up the flag.
These traditions exist to this very day,
we still get descriptions that don't always say
on which side of the feature we'll find the flag
and it seems our Course Setters still drink wine from a bag.
Epilogue
In the far Northern wastes in a land 'fit for no man'
dwells a strange shaggy creature, "The Abominable Snowman';
it roams far and near, never seeming to lag,
'tis Genghis still trying to find his first flag.
Steve Pearson drawing the Canadian
Championship map
15
TRIM ‘0"
KEY TO MASS PARTICIPATION
by Juri Peepre
The word TRIM orienteering has
been familiar to Canadian
orienteers for some time now.
The work originated in Scandinavia where a drive for mass
participation in outdoor recreation has developed. TRIM activities include permanent orienteering areas, cross country skiing,
and other activities that the
average citizen may do.
Permanent sites have been developed in Ontario and Quebec, in
such areas as Peterborough, Vineland, and Ottawa. The emphasis
now is to co-ordinate these areas
into a TRIM orienteering network.
This article will outline the
methods used by the Guelph Gators
Orienteering Club, in setting up
their TRIM area. The club feels
that the establishment of this
permanent /0 , site will be the
key to greater community participation. To date 150 maps have
been sold (after one month of
operation), with approximately
one third purchased by local
residents.
The first problem was to select
a public forested area as close
as possible to the city limits.
The ideal TRIM area includes a
good system of trails for
novices, easily passable forest,
and adequate parking facilities.
Wellington County Forest, only
eight miles south of Guelph
met all of these requirements.
There is parking at both the
north and south entrances to
the forest, with a well defined
trail network. The area is
quite small, with dimensions
of public land only 800 by
2200 metres. But these dimensions are not only good for
TRIM, but perfectly adequate
for IA' meets.
The second problem to overcome,
was financing. In this case
the club approached the local
Rotary Club Youth Committee,
who agreed to foot the entire
bill. This method of financing
is ideal as it maximizes
exposure of the TRIM area to
many sectors of society, and
allows the opportunity for
further support. Rotary members
have supplied map cases, allowed
maps to be sold in their stores,
and offered to develop the
permanent markers. If you can
prove to your prospective
supporters that your project
will provide a community
recreational facility, the
chances of success are increased.
Other service clubs, recreation
departments and the private
business sector may all be 16
The TRIM map was then developed
through normal channelb - air
photos were obtained, the base
map developed commercially in
Sweden, and the field work completed by club members. Final
drawing was done one year after
the initiation of the project.
Total costs included 0 400.00
for base map preparation, and
0 400.00 for printing 5,000
maps (5-colour), plus drawing
materials.
map, and this served as the
initial TRIM course. Approximately 250 participated over
both days, with many local
families trying the novice and
permanent courses.
The event was well publisized
in local newspapers as well
as through Rotary channels.
TRIM maps should be drawn at a
scale appropriate for beginners.
1:10,000 is ideal although
1:5,000 and 1:2,500 scales have
also been utilized. The final
product should be easily readable, with a complete legend.
If necessary, widen the pen nib
for drawing trails to enable
clearer resolution.
Other information on the map
might include a small location
map of the area, the TRIM
slogan, and the name of the
sponsor.
The Guelph Gators initiated
their program by hosting two
meets on the same weekend. A
'B' meet was held on the Saturday with a variety of courses.
On Sunday all marker locations
were indicated on a pre - printed
17
tical in a larger area. We'll
change the marker locations
according to demand. After all
markers have been visited the
participant sends in the control
card and receives a crest.
WHITE PINE
During the next month the
actual permanent markers were
built. As a temporary measure
our club used orange-painted
tin can tops nailed to stakes.
The punch is attached to a
cross piece on the stake.
These markers seem to be holding up quite well, in addition
to being easily visible.
Construction involved about
A cost was also developed for
the TRIM package'. Following is
the cost break-down:
Map (at cost)
.25
.125 base map, .125 printing
Map case
.10
TRIM control card
.10
(Silva Supplies)
Description sheet
.0 Brochure
.05
'Learn Orienteering'
pamphlet
.20
Ink for courses
.02
Total
X
.73
Other hidden costs plus a profit
margin to enable the club to
four hours of work.
maintain the site brought the
suggested package price to 85
When choosing marker locations,
it is a good idea to provide
a variety of difficulty so
that different types of orienteers are challenged, as well
as lengthening the time required for the novice to visit
all stations. (If a novice
travels to the site three times
instead of once to complete the
course, then he has benefitted
physically three times as muchI)
Our club put 31 markers out,
although 40 may easily be prac-
This price may change as we
monitor sales and costs. This
price does not include marker,
and punch costs which were
X 62.00 for punches, and about
X 10.00 for the 31 marker stands.
e.
However, the set-up costs of a
TRIM area may easily be covered
by hosting one or two meets on
the site as part of the opening.
850 people orienteered in our
TRIM area over a period of three
meets.
18
Local publicity has been
generated through the newspaper, and an article in the
Globe and Mail has also
assisted. The club intends to
advertise the site through
the regional school board
(several schools have already
asked for maps) as well as
additional coverage in the
paper. Word of mouth however
seems to be the best publicity
possible as families talk to
their neighbours about the
facility. A good relationship
with private property owners
adjacent to the site is also
beneficial, as this allows
alternate access points for
meets and special events. A
copy of the map should always
be distributed to these owners.
up costs, and the Rotary Club
is retrieving their money
through map sales, so that they
may reinvest it in future TRIM
areas. And, as a side benefit,
we've picked up 10 prospective
new members for the clubl
Maps are temporarily being distributed through private residences, but the club has obtained
a commit ment from a local drug
store to sell the packages.
The keys to a successful TRIM
area, then, are easy access to
community members, ample publicity, and efficient distribution
of packages. The project in
Guelph has taken a year and three
months to attain the level we
have now. We still lack publicity,
and distribution points, but by
the new year the TRIM area
should be an efficient program
with minimum club involvement.
After a month of operation the
club has already recovered set-
Sheila Mitham MOC
1974 National Team Member
Marker & Jim Turnbull
Jim set course for B.C.
Championships 1975
19
western ways
From Manitoba we hear that a
record turn-out of 100 participated in a September meet.
From the results list it looks
like there was a good family
representation, and fair
challenges as only five people
did not complete the courses.
Manitoba held their championships on Oct. 26, but we
haven't heard any results yet.
A contingent of nine were in
Ontario for the Canadian
Championships and Youth Training
Camp.
John Disley spent two days in
Manitoba instructing in various
aspects of orienteering, and
also participated in a meet.
Disley was second to Dave Gilfillan, while COF executive
member Jack Forsyth placed
fourth.
British Columbia held their
championships this fall as well,
with a fantastic turn out of
over two hundred. The courses
were set by Jim Turnbull (a
former Guelph Gators member)
and Tony Byrne, previously from
Britain. Apparently the terrain
and cold wet weather was too
much for many participants and
the list of disqualifications
was quite high. Per Gaarder
(the gentleman on the front
cover) of Ontario's Nordic
Society and one of our top
orienteers for several years
has moved to B.C. Per is
helping out with the association by giving instruction in
map making. B.C. is without a
doubt the fastest growing
association in COF - hats off
to Anne Anthony and the rest
of the B.C. '0' group.
Saskatchewan was represented
at the Canadian Championships,
but the organization has not
grown as quickly as expected.
Hopefully the two enthusiastic
orienteers who travelled to
the Canadians will contribute
to the sport during the coming
seasons.
LODGEPOLE PINE
20
B meets and training
by Colin Kirk
In the last issue of
"Orienteering Canada" I described the process that a top
Swedish orienteer used in locating misplaced controls.
Are we in fact Doing Anything
To Overcome an individual's
'O'-technique problems? I
don't think we are. Part of the
problem is that we have no
program available to help the
individual improve. A person
is usually first introduced to
orienteering through a clinic.
The next step is to get some
Every meet is a competition in
which everyone strives to their
maximum whether it be a Championship, an A Meet, or a B Meet.
Perhaps the time is ripe for us
to de-emphasize B meets, and
even some parts of A meets. If
we could offer events that
improve the individual's ability
we would be helping to make
everyone better, and therefore
happier orienteers.
Two years ago in Quebec the
Ramblers Orienteering Club staged
an event where compasses were not
Pre Meet instruction at a
allowed. This made you take
regular event, then perhaps
some guidance on a White Course.
After that the newcomer is left
on his own.
great care in map reading,
feature recognition, pace-counting.
-
Some learn fast and survive, but
others never do grasp the basic
techniques properly, and never
get to experience the same
thrills and elations that is an
essential part of orienteering.
We often wonder why so many
people who attend clinics and
one or two events never come
back. Perhaps it is due to
frustration at not knowing how,
and what to learn, and no
program of learning available
to them.
The event was held in October
when most of the trees were bare;
you were able to read the contours and features easily. It
was extremely interesting and
enjoyable. To my knowledge this
is the only such event that has
been held.
This is where I think that B
meets could offer the orienteer
an opportunity to learn
rather than just compete. We
could use B meets to practise
skills that we only get a
chance to do in competition.
21
As a start; we could eliminate
time keeping at B meets, or at
least don't post or publish
results and times. This would
help reduce the racing aspect,
and also make it easier for the
organizers.
Clubs could also use the B meets
to develop Juniors and Newcomers. The experienced
orienteers would take out the
less experienced members, see
their mistakes and correct them
in the field.
In addition to specific courses
the organizers could provide
maps with all control points on
them. The experienced orienteer
could then pick out specific
controls and routes that would
allow him to develop skills, and
improve his weak areas. The
coach could plan legs for his
juniors.
This is what happens at club
training sessions in Sweden; weekin, week-out, the orienteers work
diligently to hone skills already
acquired, and to acquire skills
that are lacking. Senior members
set out controls for other club
members to practise upon. Our
present clubs are not yet in a
position to do this; in addition
most of our mapped areas are too
far away to be used for training
during the week.
Making intelligent use of the B
meets could go a long way to
filling the void. Everyone would
benefit. 1. Less work for the
organizers. 2. Good training
for the experienced orienteers with
the pressure of time removed. 3. A
good training program for Juniors.
4. Opportunities for people to try
courses more difficult than they
usually attempt, without the
result being posted if they happen
to be D.N.F. 5. With experienced
club members assisting newcomers
better club spirit would develop,
as well as a good reason for people
to join a club.
Don't underestimate the value of
a few Sundays spent learning at a
B meet. Most of you have a good
basic knowledge of orienteering
techniques; some concentrated
effort on a few points could
make a big difference. There are
several good examples we can use
to illustrate improvement.
e.g. Art Groot of Clarke
Orienteering Club. A good
Junior prior to the 1974
season, but after a few weeks of
training in Sweden suddenly blossoming into a great young
prospect, winning the Quebec,
Ontario and Canadian titles.
Ted de St. Croix of Vineland. A
very good junior in 1973 and
still a junior in 1974. After
visiting Sweden this past
23
summer has now thrust himself
into the top three Elite
orienteers in Canada being
2nd best Canadian in the Quebec
event and a close 3rd in the
Canadian Championships.
Ron Lowry and Gord Hunter,
Pam McIntosh and Alar Ruutopold
have all greatly benefited tram
a few weeks of planned technique
training in Sweden. That all of
these are top in their class
shows what can be done, and this
by only scratching the surface.
The Swedes have hundreds of
Rons', Arts' and Teds' doing
this type of training every week.
It will be difficult to duplicate
their numbers and results, but we
can try.
Let B Meets Be YOUR Step to
Become Great.
CANADIAN HEMLOCK
0-RINGEN 1975
by Ted de St. Croix
This yearb competition was held
south of Stockholm in Vasterhaninge. The Canadians numbered
twenty-eight, and we were all
billeted in a school with the
other foreign participants.
Some of us arrived a few days
earlier and took advantage of
the training maps. Paul Hasselback who has been orienteering
and attending school in Switzerland rode his bicycle up for the
meet.
Sunday morning the day before
the competition opened a few of
us dragged ourselves out of bed
at 6 o'clock to meet a U.S.
Marine relay challenge. Bob
Thurbyfil was out doing pushups
- probably trying to 'psyche'
us out. Gunnar ohlund set two
short courses utilizing the local
'Trim' controls. We say the winning team was Canadian (Glen
Lawson, Ted de St. Croix, Paul
Hasselback) but the Marines all
agree we were disqualified. In
the afternoon most of us hitchhiked to the coast for a cool
swim and sun bathing in the
Baltic Sea.
That evening a few friendly
Japanese orienteers came bowing
into our room as we were passing
the time with a game of hearts.
They wished to trade '0' maps
24
and also bestowed us with
homemade gifts.
Former 0-ringen's brought
rain and cold but this year
it was just the opposite:
sunshine and heat all five
days. The type of terrain
around Stockholm is quite
rocky with many small knolls,
marshes, cliffs, and boulders.
This terrain presented problems
to most of us as we had never
experienced so much detail on
the map. Who ever thought of
using a marsh 2x2 meters in
diameter as a control location.
The men's elite winner, who
dominated the race used only a
compass housing tied to his
wrist. He would use the compass
only to find rough directions
and thus read the map at all
times.
The organizers would collect
our maps as we finished and
issue fresh ones to us later
in the evenings. This was the
time to compare routes and
techniques.
Leif Akerblom whom some of you
may have met this fall, came
around every evening and distributed the total results for
each individual country.
John McPhedran ,an avid orienteer
originally with the Guelph Club,
recently won a bronze medal in
G eco-Roman wrestling at the Pan-American Games in Mexico.
Monday evening the town of
Vasterhaninge treated us to
barbecued porkchops, salad, pop
and beer. Later there was
dancing and singing. After the
fourth day's competition two
buses took most of the foreigners
to visit Stockholm for a few
hours.
The final day arrived, which
involved a chase start. Participants start the total time
behind the leader after four
days. Most of us were able to
watch the winners in our class
finishing before we even started.
The climax of this huge event
(11,000 competitors) usually
brings some clowns. First a man
outfitted with backpack, pots,
pans and other camp gear jogged
through the finish chute and
secondly another man in grey
suit, white shirt, tie and street
shoes sprinted in.
A number of junior Canadians
from Ontario, Quebec, and Nova
Scotia, received financial help
from the C.O.F. to attend this
and other competitions. On behalf
of myself and the others I would
like to thank Sass Peepre and
the C.O.F. for giving us this
excellent opportunity to orienteer with the best.
John is now in training for the
the olympics. Although we miss
you at the orienteering meets,
good luck in '76 8
25
FOOTWEAR
by Juri Peepre
Orienteers require a special
kind of footwear that has high
wear qualities, good traction,
arch support, and resistence to
water deformation. Unfortunately
there is no shoe on the Canadian
market that adequately meets all
of these criteria, but some
products are superior in specific areas of concern.
The beginning and recreational
orienteer may use virtually any
kind of footwear ranging from
Grebe hiking boots to relatively
cheap running shoes. But once
the enthusiastic competitive
orienteer begins running several
days a week for general fitness
or training, and participating
in 10 or more races a year, the
question of appropriate footwear becomes more crucial.
In this article some of the major
types of shoes worn by Canadian
orienteers are subjectively
analysed on the basis of performance.
The author does not profess to
be a qualified expert in this
area, but after 9 years of
orienteering I've worn many of
the shoes available or have
talked to the athletes wearing
different types of shoes.
Kompassrosen
This is the standard orienteering shoe worn by orienteers
throughout the world, but in
my opinion is lacking in many
important characteristics.
The general
arch, and
foot support offered by the
Kompassrosen is an orthopedic
disaster. The shoe is rather
uncomfortable on gravel surfaces,
due to a thin sole, and should
not be worn for training purposes, due to inadequate arch
support. Advantages of the
Kompassrosen include excellent
traction on slopes, a good
tough plastic covering that
withstands puncture, and good
water tolerance. If preservation
of your feet is not a major
criteria, then the Kompassrosen
is a very practical orienteering shoe. The average life
span may range anywhere from
one to two seasons, with the
cost around X 15.00.
Adidas SL 72 & SL 76
This shoe is without a doubt
the best available for general
foot support in rough terrain
conditions. The shoe performs
very well on gravel surfaces,
and wooded terrain. However,
even though the reinforcing
supports the arch, the SI 76
26
SL 76, although the covering
does not withstand puncture very
materials are similar. This
well. The nylon material tends
may be attributed to the proto tear upon rough contact with
rocks and direct branch punctures . truding sole.
Water tolerance is average, with
Nikes have average water
some tendencies for stretch.
tolerance, with some stretch
and 'roll' if repeatedly and
Traction is quite good, but the
running through wet areas.
shoe does not perform well while
Cost, around 0 28.00: it's the
crossing slopes, as the tread
most expensive shoe on market,
is at right angles to the length
with only average wear qualities.
of the shoes. The SL 76 may slip
a little on grassy slopes and
Adidas Soccer Shoes
mud. The model is strongly recommended for training purposes,
The leather soccer shoes quite
and for competition in fairly
frankly should be avoided. If
easy terrain. It's a shoe that's
used in wet conditions they
very comfortable and sturdy for
are notorious for shrinking,
long runs.
and also tend to become stiff
and uncomfortable. However,
The average life span for comthere is a nylon soccer shoe
petitions may range around five
on the market that is availto seven meets, but if used for
able in sizes up to eight. This
training may last one or two
'junior' model is very tough
seasons. Cost, around X 26.00.
with good performance under the
Nike Waffle Trainer
This shoe is superior to the
SL 76 for two reasons. The sole
protrudes under the arch, thus
giving added puncture protection,
and the traction is with a
series of short studs. The Nike
maintains good traction on all
slopes, both wet and dry, and
also performs well on crossslopes. Wear resistance seems
to be slightly better than the
roughest terrain. It is strongly recommended to examine this
shoe if your foot size is
appropriate.
Adidas Orienteering Shoe
This shoe is slowly filtering
into the market but as yet few
Canadians are using the model.
The shoe appears similar to
the Kompassrosen, and would
seem to have similar performance characteristics. More
27
about this model, when it has
been proven.
Norwegian and Finnish
Orienteering Shoes
In my opinion the Nokia and
Viking shoes are among the best
on the market. Unfortunately
neither of these models are
available in Canada. The Nokia
is a rubber shoe with a very
firm bottom, while the Viking
has excellent rubber dubs. Both
of these shoes are superior to
Kompassrosen for foot support,
and wear tolerance. If you're
ever in Scandinavia take a close
look at these shoes, and bring
a few extra pairs back for others
to enjoys
to work well under all conditions, so that a combination
of models is probably the
best alternative, both in
terms of economics and prevention of foot injury. An SL 76
for training purposes, combined
with a Kompassrosen for very
rough terrain meets is a good
investment. If you've tried
other types of shoes, or have
different opinions on those
models discussed here, your
comments are welcomed.
But remember, protection of
your feet should be the ultimate
criteria in deciding which shoe
to purchase.
Kompassrosen Joggers
Excellent shoe for wet weather
jogging, or map making. They
are good in winter, but will
sweat, and thus be sure to have
a change ready. (It's not difficult to end up with frostbitten
toes). They will keep your feet
warm on those wet cold spring
days, but are a little heavier
than usual and will tend to
shorten your stride.
These are just a few of the shoes
worn by Canadian orienteers. As
mentioned earlier no shoe seems
RED PINE
28
Canadian Championships
The Hamilton Kings Foresters
club are not new to organizing
championship meets - in fact
when they do undertake such
ventures its invariably a trendsetter. Back in 1969 Jack Lee
organized the Ontario Championships, and also drew one of the
first coloured maps in Canada.
Oldtimers will remember the
special symbol designations
for stump or stone fences, and
the many different classifications of vegetation. Looking
back at that map now brings on
a chuckle, but in 1969 it was
the best '0' map in existence.
Well, Jack Lee has since recruited another trend-setter by the
name of Steve Pearson. Every
time Steve dusts off his drawing
pens, people expect miracles,
and in my opinion the 1975 Canadian Championship map was nothing
less. Naturally the occasional
confused orienteer stumbled into
the odd bramble patch, only to
curse the map-maker. Canadian
orienteers demand justice, and
when 289 dense areas have been
marked on the map with deadly
accuracy, they expect the remaining 3 areas which happened to be
on their route also to be marked
on. For those who complained of
injustices, may your route choices always be a raspberry fields
Having ridded myself of
indignation, I'd like to take
this opportunity to congratulate Jack Lee, and Steve
Pearson, and the entire HKF
club for a job well done.
The map was world-class, the
courses varied and interesting,
site arrangement showed flair,
and speeches at the banquet
were delightfully brief.
C.O.F. also deserves a tip of
the hat for their efforts in
bringing together participants
for the most truly national
championship yet. Ranging
from 43 Nova Scotia orienteers,
to a gentleman from the Northwest Territories, almost every
sector of Canada was represented. Money for this endeavor
was made possible through the
financial assistance of
Recreation Canada.
The 1975 Championships were
admittedly, a little late in
getting underway. Mind you
this gave many orienteers an
extra 25 minutes to warm up,
and being warm was a definite
pre-requisite for climbing
the mountain to control one.
My impression of most people
in the bush is that Canadian
orienteers are moving faster
than they used to - perhaps
29
that's only because I was progressing so slowly. At any rate,
courses are being completed in
faster times, and the competition on each course has improved,
Both the junior men and senior
women are now top categories with
plenty of eligible orienteers.
The second day of the meet
avoided rain, although the
temperatures did cool down.
Results of the first course
left many categories open to as
many as the first five finishers. This set the scene for
several exciting moments in the
final minutes of the race. Ron
Lowry edged Ted de St. Croix by
only two seconds over two days,
and in the women's course Pam
McIntosh was only seconds ahead
of Susan Budge. The competitors
are getting faster, and without
a doubt the younger ones are
moving up fast into dominance.
Below are partial results for
the championship categories.
H 20
-
13. Keith Hansen
14. Risto Santala
15. Russ Evans
208.07
208.28
213.09
D 20 - RED COURSE
1. Pam McIntosh
2. Susan Budge
3. Cathy Little
4. Margaret Ellis
5. Irene Jensen
6. Sheila Mitham
7. Margaret Garai
8. Barbara O'Brien
9. Miriam Hickey
10. Judy Adams
196.17
196.32
211.09
213.12
224.42
225.28
247.55
277.23
279.44
293.24
BLUE COURSE
Name
1. Ron Lowry
2. Ted de St. Croix
3. Pauli Kaki
4. Gord Hunter
5. Antonin Smucler
6. Bob Kaill
7. Ron Green
8. Ray Varey
9. Jan Hansen
10. Jack Geddes
11. Juri Peepre
12. Afan Jones
Total
time
159.47
159.49
163.10
166.25
168.12
171.04
186.43
199.06
201.20
206.23
207.00
208.00
Jake Edwards of Kingston
running hard for the
finish chute
30
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31
FILL OUT THE ATTACHED ENTRY FORM AND SEND IT IN NOW TO: C. KIRK
1415 JARRY STREET EAST, MONTREAL, QUEBEC.
PLEASE PRINT:
I wish to enter the 1975 Course-Setter Competition:
CLASS ENTERED:
NAME:
ADDRESS:
ENTRY FEE: % 1.50 per entry
CITY:
H 15-16 OLDER BOYS - ORANGE COURSE
Total
time
Club
Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
David Green
David Tenzsen
David Wheeler
Tommy Oljemark
Christopher Kirk
Glenn McFarlane
Brian Eley
Joy Lugar
Ron Jefferson
Marty Lowry
GAT
N.O.C.
MAN
VIK
M.O.C.
VENT
T.O.C.
N.S.
TIMB
C.O.C.
104.24
119.02
121.42
129.49
138.50
140.01
144.18
158.05
159.45
182.04
H 17-19 Junior Men
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Alar Ruutopold
155.16
Tim Blaker
162.55
Nick de St. Croix 166.23
Paul Hasselback
172.09
Peter Virtanen
182.39
Andy de St. Croix184.52
Bruce Baxter
186.06
Rob Jenkins
187.07
Dave Fordham
192.46
Rick Procter
193.53
D 15-16 OLDER GIRLS - YELLOW COURSE
Total
Club
time
Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Gail Adams
Debley Phillips
Judy Lugar
Sharon Nichols
Susan Hoyle
VIK
HKF
N.S.
DELHI
N.S.
101.22
115.50
126.01
129.13
146.30
32
COURSE SETTING COMPETITION
In the previous two CourseSetter Competitions many
contestants were at a disadvantage. They had to plan, and set
courses for Elite Men when they
themselves normally compete on
Yellow, Orange, or Red Courses
of 4-6 km.
This year we will offer two
different categories to enter:
1. 'Blue' Course
9 - 12 km.
2. 'Red' Course
5 - 7 km.
An individual can enter either
one, or both, categories. The
winning course in each category
will be printed in a future
issue of Orienteering Canada.
Map:
The map for this year's contest
will be the one of Pound Ridge,
New York. This is a very
excellent, four coloured map,
that was made by the touring
Swedish Team in 1971. The area
and map are relatively unfamiliar
to most Canadians.
be improved upon. Each course
will be rated by competent
judges and points awarded.
Anyone interested in orienteering can benefit from this
type of contest. By studying
the map carefully in order to
plan good 'orienteering legs'
you will learn to weigh
various route choices and
possible control locations.
You will become more proficient in map-reading and
quickly identifying map
detail.
Closing date - Dec. 31, 1975
All entries will be judged,
and the critique returned to
each entrant no later than
March 15, 1976. The winners'
maps, and judges' comments on
them, will appear in the
Winter issue of Orienteering
Canada.
Map Scale:
1:15,000 with a contour interval of 10 ft.
Each contestant will receive a
detailed written critique on his
course, covering both the good
points and the areas that could
33
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