Rolls-Royce Technology for Future Aircraft Engines

Rolls-Royce Technology for Future
Aircraft Engines
RAeS Hamburg
March 20 2014
Ulrich Wenger, Head of Engineering & Technology
Rolls-Royce Deutschland
© 2014 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG
The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or
used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG.
This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG, no warranty or representation
is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce
Deutschland Ltd & Co KG or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.
Trusted to deliver excellence
Content
o 1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce
o 2. Engine Technology in the Past
o Engines for Commercial Jets
o Turboprops
o Engines for Business Jets
o 3. Sustainable Aviation
o ACARE / Flight Path 2050 Targets
o Future Engine Concepts
o 4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce
2
1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce:
Power Systems for 4 Markets
3
2013 Financial Highlights
4
5
Rolls-Royce Deutschland 2013
at a Glance
6
Sustainable Growth in Germany
7
Rolls-Royce in Germany
8
Rolls-Royce Power Systems
Friedrichshafen
9
2. Engine Technology in the Past
•
First jet propelled flight took place 75 years ago:
Heinkel He 178 with HeS3
designed by Pabst von Ohain,
27.08.1939 Rostock
Source: Wikipedia
•
First commercial jet airplane 1949/52:
DeHavilland Comet DH106
DeHaviland Ghost at first flight.
Rolls-Royce Avon engines on production aircrafts.
(later also in S.A. Caravelle)
10
Supersonic
Concorde, RR/Snecma Olympus, Turbojet Engine
First flight:
No of Aircraft built:
Cruise Speed:
21.01.1976
16(+4)
Ma 2,2
RR Olympus, developed by Bristol Aero Engines for Vulcan Bomber
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
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Engine Design RR Olympus
 Turbojet engine, no bypass flow
 Medium pressure ratio
 Variable geometry at inlet and exhaust (afterburner)
 Minimum frontal area
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
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Turboprops
13
Turboprop Engine RR Dart
• 2 axial-centrifugal compressors
• Tubular combustor
• First run 1946
Commercial airplanes:
• Fokker F27 Friendship
• Vickers Viscount
• Douglas DC-3 re-engineing
• Gulfstream GI
• Convair 600/640
• YS-11
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Source: Wikipedia
Turboprops
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Turboprop Engine RR Tyne
Applications in military aircraft:
• Breguet Atlantique, maritime patrol
• Transall C-160
• First flight Atlantique: 21.10.1961
•
Medium air speed, conventional
propeller delivers good efficiency
•
Low fuel burn requires moderate
pressure ratio of about 13,5. Two shaft
core engine allows very effective
components
Source: Wikipedia
Turboprops
15
Airbus A400M
EPI TP400 D6
• Air speed nearly at jet level (Ma 0,72) => modern propeller with complex control
required (one power lever to control per engine)
• Low fuel burn on long missions => Turboprop with high pressure ratio(ca. 26);
optimum component efficiencies; 2 shaft core, free power turbine
• First flight of the engine on C-130 testbed: 17.12.2008
Bypass Engine RR Conway
•
•
•
First bypass engine in commercial service
2 shafts, 2 axial compressors
BPR=0,6
Commercial airplanes:
• Boeing 707
• Douglas DC-8
Source: Wikipedia
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
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High Bypass Engine RR RB 211
•
•
•
17
3 shafts
BPR ca. 5
Wide Chord Fan (Honeycomb)
on later versions (-535, -524)
Commercial airplanes:
• Boeing 757, 767, 747
• Lockheed L 1011 Tristar
Source: Wikipedia
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Modern Commercial Jets
A380, RR Trent 900
18
18
Trent XWB - Advanced Technology for A350
Low emissions
combustor
Hollow
lightweight
titanium fan
system
19
Advanced
materials
Turbine end wall
profiling
Integrated
intelligent engine
health monitoring
Soluble core HP
turbine blades
Full 3D aero
compressors
Bearing load
management
2 stage IP turbine
Blisk
technology
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Copyright: Airbus
Milestones Business Jets
Gulfstream
Gulfstream
Gulfstream
Gulfstream
GI
GII
GIII
GIV
Gulfstream
Gulfstream
Gulfstream
G350/450 RR Tay 8C
GV/G550 BR710
G650
BR725
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
RR Dart
RR Spey
RR Spey
RR Tay
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BR725 Engine for Gulfstream G650
Smoke free
combustor
21
New 3stage LPT
New swept fan,
Trent technology,
increased diameter,
increased bypass ratio
16 lobe mixer for
minimal jet noise
Improved HPC with
5 stages of blisk
3. Sustainable Aviation
•
22
Climate Change (CO2 Emissions)
Today
Circa 1900
Pasterz Glacier, Austria
• Noise
Pasterz Gletscher, Österreich
• problematic close to Airports
1
737-200
DC9-50
85 dB(A) Take-off Noise
0.5
Startbahn
0
RJ100
-0.5
717-200
-1
-1
0
1
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
2
3
4
5
6
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Greenhouse
gas emissions
(all gasses)(all
forgasses)
(2005)
Man-made
greenhouse
gas emissions
4.0
3.2
Electricity and heat
2.3 1.6
4.3
28.0
8.5
Agriculture, land use change and
forestry
Manufacturing and construction
Transport
Other fuel combustion
Industrial processes
Fugitive emissions
10.4
Waste
11.9
25.9
Marine
~1050 million tonnes of
CO2 per year
Aviation ~700 million tonnes of
CO2 per year
Source: World Resources Institute 2005
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Global Aviation CO2 Emissions Scenario
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
24
25
Flightpath 2050
Goals to take ACARE beyond 2020
The Advisory Council for Aviation Research and
Innovation in Europe (ACARE) has set new
technology goals to achieve by 2050
 75% reduction in CO2 per passenger kilometre
Requires
Improvement
in all areas
 90% reduction in NOx emissions, and
 65% reduction in noise
Airframe
Engine
ATM &
Operations
Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda – goals:
Meeting Societal and Market Needs
Maintaining and Extending Industrial Leadership
Protecting the Environment and the Energy Supply
Ensuring Safety and Security
Prioritising Research, Testing Capabilities & Education
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
ACARE 2020 and Flight Path 2050 Targets
Trent 1000 is 12% more fuel efficient than Trent 800
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
X
X
26
Alternative Fuels
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
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4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
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29
Turbofan Thermodynamic Cycle Efficiencies
0.700
Specific Fuel Consumption lb / hr / lbf @ 0.8Mn
0.70
0.725
0.750
0.65
0.800
Current
Rolls-Royce
HBR engines
0.60
0.55
propulsive
efficiency prop
0.775
0.825
0.850
0.875
practical limit for
low NOx
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
0.50
1.000
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.4
 30%
theoretical
improvement at
Ma 0.8
theoretical limit
stoichiometric TET,
optimum componenten
efficiency, 80+ OPR.
theoretical limit
0.425
for Open Rotor
propulsive
0.450
efficiency
0.475
0.500
0.525
0.550
0.575
0.625
0.600
thermal efficiency th
x transfer efficiency tran
30
Fuel Burn Reduction and CO2 Improvements
2nd Generation BPR<5
Commercial Jets
PW JT8D, RR Conway
3rd Generation BPR=5-8
+12-15%
RB211, Trent 700, V2500
4th Generation BPR=8-10
Trent 500/900, GP7000
Reference
ATF or GTF BPR >11
5th Generation BPR>10
Trent 1000, GENX
- 5-8 %
- 10%
UHBR, BPR>20, CRTF
New Architectures
- 15 %
- 20 %
1985
ACARE Vision 2020 Target
1990
1995
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
2000
2005
Year
Open rotor, BPR>35
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
31
Process Temperatures, Trends
• High OR cycles
increase turbine entry
temperatures
Type Test Turbine Entry Temperatures (TET)
S
s
S
S
• Required HPT
technology:
• Materials & Coatings
• Cooling design &
airsystem design
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
S
S
Y
y
Current
Development
Engines
32
Composite Fan Research today
Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
ee
E
e
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Rolls-Royce Carbon-Titanium Fan, CTi Fan
•
Composite/Ti fan
blade for next
generation large
engine
Rolls-Royce UltraFan
• With further increasing bypass ratios,
a geared LP-system offers benefits
• Current nacelle designs with TRU
could be replaced by variable pitch
composite fan (VP fan) and variable
area nozzle (VAN)
Technology Demonstrators
35
36
Potential “Game Changers”
Open rotor
Advanced Cycles
ICR
Integrated electrical
systems
Pressure Gain
Combustion
Engine – Airframe Optimisation
Adaptive cycles
Turboelectric Hybrid Propulsion (NASA Concept)
37
• Seperate power- and
thrust generation
• Blended wing body with
maximum L/D ratio
• Electrcally driven fans
with wing boundary
layer suction
Source: Paper ISABE 2011-1340
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
• Gas turbine in wing tips
generates electrical
power
eConcept (Airbus/Rolls-Royce)
38
Source: Airbus
•
Blended Wing Body
•
1 GT-Engine with
Generators
•
6 electrically driven
Fans
•
Battery to store
electrical energy
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
eConcept presented by
EADS at Aero Salon Paris
2013
Summary
 Gasturbines still have a lot of potential in
aircraft propulsion
 Rolls-Royce and the aerospace industry
carry out a lot of research to fulfil the
challenging ACARE targets which will make
air travel more sustainable.
 This overview presented some of the
technologies on which RR works currently
 My personal opinion about future air
transport:
 In 20 years we will still fly, and probably subsonic
 Gasturbines will largely generate the power for
aircraft propulsion
 We will see more propellers and hybrid systems in
use on aircraft
Rolls-Royce data
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