Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency Program

Transcription

Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency Program
March 2011
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program
CONTENT
04
Renewable Energies : a priority in Algeria
07
I- Renewable Energy Program
10
10
11
Photovoltaic solar energy
Solar thermal energy
Wind energy
13
II- Energy Efficiency Program
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14
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15
15
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15
Thermal insulation of buildings
Solar water heating development
Spreading the use of low energy consumption lamps
Introducing energy performance in street lighting
Promoting energy efficiency in the industrial sector
Promoting Liquefied Petroleum Gas fuel
Promoting Natural Gas fuel
Introduction of key technologies for solar air conditioning
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III- Development of Industrial Capacity
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19
20
Wind energy
23
IV- Research and Development
27
V- Legal Framework and Incentives
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28
29
Legal framework
Incentives and fiscal measures
Regulatory measures
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VI- Glossary
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4
Renewable Energies: a priority in Algeria
Algeria has created a green momentum
by launching an ambitious program to
develop renewable energies (REn) and
promote energy efficiency. This program
leans on a strategy focussed on developing
and expanding the use of inexhaustible
resources, such as solar energy in order to
diversify energy sources and prepares Algeria
of tomorrow. Through combining initiatives
and the acquisition of knowledge, Algeria is
engaged in a new age of sustainable energy
use.
The program consists of installing up to
22 000 MW of power generating capacity
from renewable sources between 2011 and
2030, of which 12 000 MW will be intended
to meet the domestic electricity demand
and 10 000 MW destined for export. This
last option depends on the availability of
a demand that is ensured on the long term
by reliable partners as well as on attractive
external funding.
is strongly dominated by solar energy.
Algeria considers this source of energy as an
opportunity and a lever for economic and
social development, particularly through the
establishment of wealth and job-creating
industries. The potential for wind, biomass,
geothermal and hydropower energies is
comparatively very small. This does not,
however, preclude the launch of several
wind farm development projects and the
implementation of experimental projects in
In this program, renewable energies biomass and geothermal energy.
are at the heart of Algeria’s energy and
economic policies: It is expected that about The renewable energy and energy efficiency
40% of electricity produced for domestic program is organized in five chapters:
consumption will be from renewable energy
sources by 2030. Algeria is indeed aiming
to be a major actor in the production of Capacities to install by field of energy
electricity from solar photovoltaic and solar activity,
power, which will be drivers of sustainable Energy efficiency program,
economic development to promote a new
model of growth.
Industrial capacities to build in order to
back up the program,
The national potential for renewable energy
Today, Algeria’s energy needs are met almost
exclusively by hydrocarbons, mainly natural
Incentives and regulatory measures.
gas. The other forms of energy are mobilized
only when natural gas cannot be used. The
The program provides for the development long term extension of the national energy
by 2020 of about sixty solar photovoltaic and consumption pattern can affect the existing
concentrating solar power plants, wind farms supply-demand balance for this energy
as well as hybrid power plants.
source.
Research and development,
The projects for the domestic production of The level of natural gas volumes, produced
electricity from renewable energy sources of the domestic market would be 45 billions
will be carried out in three phases:
m3 in 2020 and 55 billions m3 in 2030. Other
volumes of natural gas are intended for
The first phase, between 2011 and 2013, export to help finance national economy.
will be devoted to the achievement of pilot Electricity consumption is expected to reach
projects to test the different available 75 to 80 TWh in 2020 and 130 to 150 TWh in
technologies,
2030. The massive integration of renewable
sources in the energy mix represents
The second phase (2014 – 2015) will mark a major challenge for preserving fossil
the beginning of the deployment of the resources, diversifying electricity production
program,
systems and contributing to sustainable
development.
The last phase, between 2016 and 2020,
will be devoted to the large-scale All these considerations justify the strong
deployment of the program.
integration, right today, of renewable
These phases are a part of Algeria’s strategy,
which is aimed at developing a genuine
solar industry along with a training and
capitalization program that will ultimately
enable the use of local engineering and
establish efficient know-how, including
in the fields of engineering and project
management. The renewable energy
program to meet domestic needs in
electricity will generate several thousand of
direct and indirect jobs.
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6
energies in the strategy of long-term energy
offer, while granting an important role to
energy savings and to energy efficiency.
This latter aspect will lead, through a proper
control of the pace at which demand is
growing, to better investments necessary to
energy needs. The energy efficiency program
consists mainly in the achievement of the
following:
Improving heat insulation of buildings;
Developing solar water heating;
Spreading the use of low energy
consumption lamps;
Substituting all mercury lamps by sodium
lamps;
Promoting LPG and NG fuels;
Promoting co-generation;
Conversing simple cycle power plants to
combined cycle power plants, wherever
possible;
Developing solar cooling systems;
Desalinating brackish
renewable energy.
water
using
The renewable energy development program
has a national character affecting the majority
of sectors. Its implementation, under the
aegis of the Ministry of Energy and Mines, is
opened to both public and private operators.
The government’s willingness to promote
renewable energies is also reflected in the
establishment of a Commission for renewable
energy, responsible to coordinate the national
effort in this area.
The present document, which lists Algeria’s
projects and ambitions in terms of sustainable
development and “green energies”, is part of
this drive for the promotion and development
of renewable energies and energy efficiency.
I.
R
enewable Energy Program
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Algeria is firmly committed to the promotion
of renewable energy in order to provide
comprehensive and sustainable solutions
to environmental challenges and to the
problems regarding the conservation of the
energy resources of fossil origin.
The strategic choice is motivated by the huge
potential in solar energy. This energy is the
major focus of the programme of which solar
power and photovoltaic systems constitute
an essential part. Solar should achieve by
2030 more than 37% of national electricity
production.
Despite its relatively low potential, wind
energy is not excluded from the program as
it constitutes the second axis of development
with a share in electricity production expected
to reach about 3% in 2030.
Algeria also plans to install some experimental
size units to test the various technologies
in renewable energies such as biomass,
geothermal energy and desalination of
brackish water.
160,00
40,0%
140,00
35,0%
120,00
30,0%
100,00
25,0%
80,00
20,0%
60,00
15,0%
40,00
10,0%
20,00
5,0%
Contribution of renewable energy (%)
Power generation (TWh)
0,0%
0,00
2011
2015
Power generation from renewable sources(TWh)
2020
2025
Conventional power generation (TWh)
2030
Contribution of renewable energy (%)
Figure 1: Contribution of renewable energies for power generation in TWh
The renewable energy program is defined through different phases:
Installation of a total power capacity of 110 MW by 2013 ;
Installed power capacity to reach 650 MW by 2015 ;
Installed power capacity to reach about 2600 MW by 2020 and a possibility of export
of 2000 MW;
An additional capacity of about 12000MW is expected to be installed by 2030 and a
possibility of export up to 10 000 MW.
MW
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
Conventional power generation
Renewable energy generation
Figure 2: Structure of the national power generation in MW
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The program, by sector of energy production, the acceleration of the development of solar
energy. The government plans launching
is summarized as follows:
several solar photovoltaic projects with a total
capacity of 800 MWp by 2020. Other projects
Photovoltaic solar energy refers to the energy with an annual capacity of 200 MWp are to be
recovered from sunlight and transformed achieved over the 2021-2030 period.
directly into electricity through photovoltaic
panels. It results from direct photon-toelectron conversion in a semiconductor. In Solar thermal energy is a technology that
addition to the advantages related to the converts solar radiation into thermal energy.
fact that photovoltaic systems do need low It can be used directly (for example to heat
cost maintenance, this energy fully meets buildings) or indirectly (to produce steam
the needs of facilities in remote areas where to power turbo alternators that will in turn
generate electric power). By using the heat
connection to the grid is too expensive.
produced by solar radiation rather than the
Photovoltaic solar energy is a non- radiation itself, the solar thermal energy
polluting source of energy. The modularity system differs from other solar energy
of the photovoltaic solar system allows systems like the photovoltaic cells.
for innovative and aesthetic use of its
Direct solar radiation is concentrated by a
components in architecture.
collector on an absorber where it is transferred
The energy strategy of Algeria is based on into a fluid that is either sprayed directly or
drives the heat to a steam generator. All solar
energy systems have a number of elements
in common: a collector that concentrates the
heat, a liquid or gas that transfers the heat to
an extraction point, an evaporator, a turbine
and a generator.
More commonly known as « Concentrating
Solar Power » (CSP) system, the solar thermal
energy technology can meet demand in
electricity 24 hours a day if it is coupled with
a thermal storage system or if production is
during the 2011-2013 period. These will be
in addition to the hybrid power plant project
of Hassi R’Mel with a total power capacity of
150 MW, including 25 MW in solar.
Four (4) solar thermal power plants with a
total capacity of about 1 200 MW are to be
constructed over the period 2016-2020.
The 2021-2030 programme provides for the
installation of an annual capacity of 500 MW
until 2023, then 600 MW per year until 2030.
Wind energy
By definition, wind energy is the energy
produced by wind. It is the result of the action
of wind turbines, wind-driven electrical
machines and whose function is to produce
electricity.
Blades pulled in rotation by the strength of
the wind allow the mechanical or electric
power production in any sufficiently windy
site. The energy that the mill rotating pulls
combined with other energies like natural out of the wind drives the rotor which
converts mechanical energy into electrical
gas.
energy through a generator.
Algeria seeks to develop its solar potential,
which is one of the most important in the The amount of energy produced by a wind
world, by launching major projects in solar turbine depends primarily on the speed of
wind but also on the area swept by the blades
thermal.
and the air density.
Pilot projects for the construction of two solar
power plants with storage of a total capacity The Algerian REn program plans at first, in
of about 150 MW each, will be launched the period 2011-2013, the installation of
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the first wind farm of a power of 10 MW in suitable sites to realize the other projects
Adrar. Between 2014 and 2015, two wind during the period 2016-2030 for a power of
farms with a capacity of 20 MW each are to about 1 700 MW.
be developed. Studies will be led to detect
II.
E
nergy Efficiency Program
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The energy efficiency program is governed
by Algeria’s commitment to promote a more
responsible use of energy and to investigate
all the ways to protect the resources and
systematize (explore all possible avenues
for conserving resources and systematizing)
efficient and optimal consumption.
Energy efficiency aims to produce the same
goods and services by using least possible
energy (the less possible energy). The
program provides for measures that favour
forms of energy most suitable for different
uses and require behavioural change and gradually replace the conventional system.
improved equipment.
The plans are supported by the National Fund
for Energy Efficiency (NFEE).
The energy efficiency program is as follows:
Spreading the use of low
Thermal insulation of
energy consumption lamps
buildings
The objective of the action strategy is
In Algeria, the construction sector is the most to gradually prohibit the marketing of
energy intensive sector. It uses more than incandescent lamps (conventional lamps
42% of overall energy consumption. Proposed commonly used by households) on the
measures to achieve energy efficiency in this domestic market to reach a total ban by
sector include the introduction of thermal 2020. In parallel, there are plans to put
insulation of buildings, which will reduce several million low-energy bulbs on the
energy consumption related to home heating market. Furthermore, local production of
and cooling by about 40%.
low consumption lamps will be encouraged
in particular through partnerships between
Solar water heating
local and foreign producers.
development
Introducing energy
The penetration of solar water heaters performance in street lighting
in Algeria remains undeveloped but the
potential is significant. There are plans to Street lighting is the most energy consuming
develop the solar water heating system to sector in the municipalities. Municipal
officers are often poorly informed about
the opportunities for improving and even
reducing energy consumption in public
lighting. The program for energy efficiency
in the municipalities consists of replacing
all mercury (energy consuming) lamps by
sodium (low energy) lamps.
Promoting energy efficiency in
the industrial sector
introduction of energy efficiency into
technically and economically viable projects.
Promoting Liquefied
Petroleum Gas fuel
There are plans to increase by 20% the
market share of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Fuel
(LPG / F) in the automobile fleet by 2020.
This will be accompanied by the provision
The industrial sector accounts for about of direct financial assistance to individuals
one fourth of the country’s overall energy wishing to convert their vehicles to LPG / F.
consumption. For more energy efficiency,
Promoting Natural Gas fuel
there are plans for:
Cofinancing energy audits and feasibility
studies that will enable companies to
precisely define technical and economical
solutions best suited for reducing energy
consumption;
Cofinancing additional costs linked to the
As early as the beginning of the 90s, a
research program was initiated to convert
vehicles using diesel fuel to natural gas fuel.
Stations were developed by Sonelgaz for the
distribution of this fuel to an experimental
fleet.
By 2013, it is planned to put on in NG / Fuel
several tens of bus in the city of Algiers and to
extend the operation to the other big cities of
Algeria before 2020.
Introduction of key
technologies for solar air
conditioning
Solar energy for air conditioning is a
technology that should be promoted
particularly in the south of the country, as far
as the needs for cooling mostly coincide with
the availability of solar radiation (conversion
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of sunrays into energy). Moreover, solar
collectors may also be used for hot water
production and room heating during the
cold season. The overall performance of a
solar cooling system is therefore of a great
interest.
By 2013, studies will be launched to acquire
and harness solar cooling technologies and
choose the system best suited to the Algerian
context. Two pilot projects for air cooling
using absorption and adsorption chillers will
be launched for the cooling of buildings in
the south of the country.
III.
D
evelopment of Industrial
Capacity
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In order to follow up and ensure the success of
the renewable energy program, Algeria plans
to strengthen the industrial fabric to take a
lead in the positive changes in the industrial
and technological plans as well as in terms
of engineering and research. Algeria is also
determined to invest in all creative segments
of industry and develop them locally.
Industrial integration in Algeria is expected
to reach 60% over the period 2011-2013. This
ambitious target will be achieved through
the construction by “Rouiba-Eclairage”,
a subsidiary of the Sonelgaz Group, of a
photovoltaic module manufacturing plant
with a capacity equivalent to 120 MWp/per
year, whose start up is scheduled for late
2013.The period will also be marked by the
implementation of measures to strengthen
engineering and business development
support to the photovoltaic industry
through a joint venture that will bring
together
various stakeholders (RouibaEclairage, Sonelgaz, CREDEG, CDER and UDTS)
in partnership with research centers.
The objective of the Algerian industry for the
2014-2020 period is to achieve a capacity
integration level of 80%. To do this, it is
expected the construction of a plant for the
manufacture of Silicon.
is to be established for the manufacturing of
inverters, batteries, transformers, cables and
other equipment used in the construction of
a photovoltaic power plant.
Over the same period, Algeria is also to build
capacities to design, procure and produce
with a view to enabling Algerian companies
to reach an integration rate of 60%.
There are also plans to develop a center
for the approval of products used in the
manufacturing of equipment for renewable
energy installations.
Over the period 2021-2030, the objective
Moreover, a national subcontracting network is to reach a rate of integration upper
to 80 %. Therefore, the production capacity
of the photovoltaic modules should be
expanded to reach 200 MWp/per year. This
period would be marked by the development
of a national subcontracting network for the
manufacturing of equipments necessary
for the construction of a photovoltaic
power plant and by the total control of the
activities of engineering, of procurement and
construction of power plants and brackish
water desalination units.
There are plans for the same period to
export not only the electricity produced from
renewable energies but also the know-how
and equipment used in the generation of
electricity from renewable energies.
The 2011-2013 period will see the launching
of studies for the local manufacturing of
equipment for the solar thermal sector.
The industrial integration rate is expected
to reach 50% over the 2014-2020 period
through the implementation of three
major projects in parallel with actions for Construction of a factory for the
engineering capacity building:
manufacture of power block equipment;
Construction of a mirror manufacturing Development of engineering activities and
plant;
design, procurement and production
capabilities to achieve an industrial
Construction of heat transfer fluid and integration capacity rate of at least 50%.
energy storage equipment factories;
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Figure 3: Process of solar thermal power plant with storage.
Over the 2021-2030 period, the rate of Expansion of power block equipment
integration should exceed 80% through the production capacity;
implementation of the following projects:
Design, procurement and construction of
Expansion of mirror production capacity;
power plants by own means.
Wind energy
Expansion of heat transfer fluid and energy
storage equipment production capacity;
Studies are to be launched by 2013 with a
view to implement wind energy industry.
The objective for the 2014-2020 period is to achieve an industrial integration capacity
attain an integration rate of 50%. This period rate of at least 50%.
will be marked by the following actions:
The rate of industrial integration is to exceed
Development of a wind tower and turbine 80% over the 2021-2030 period with the
expansion of wind tower and turbine rotors
rotors production plant;
production capacity and the development
Promotion of a national subtracting of a national subcontracting network for
network for the manufacturing of the nacelle manufacturing the nacelle equipment. There
are also plans to design and build wind farms,
equipment;
power plants and brackish water desalination
Development of engineering activities and plants using Algeria’s own resources.
design, procurement and construction
capabilities to enable Algerian companies to
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IV.
R
esearch and Development
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Algeria fosters research to make of the
renewable energy program a catalyst for
developing a national industry which will
optimize the various Algerian potentials
(human, physical, scientific, etc.). The role of
research is even more crucial that it is a critical
element in the acquisition of technologies,
the development of know-how and the
improvement of the energy performance. For
Algeria, speeding up the acquisition and use
of technology are essential especially with
regard to photovoltaic and solar thermal
energy development.
Algeria also encourages cooperation with
research centers to develop innovative
technologies and processes in energy
efficiency and renewable energy. Universities,
research centers, businesses and other
stakeholders work together to implement the
renewable energy program and are engaged
in the various stages of the innovation chain,
thereby further enhancing the assets of
Algeria.
Indeed, ensuring large-scale development
of renewable energy and addressing the
issue of energy efficiency require quality
management in human resources to match
the objectives and ambitions of the Algerian
renewable energy program.
Research and Development Center (CREDEG),
which is a subsidiary of Sonelgaz, the energy
and mining sector has an Agency for the
Promotion and Rational Use of Energy
(APRUE) and a company specialized in the
development of REn (NEAL). These bodies
which cooperate with the research centers
attached to the Ministry of Scientific Research
include CDER and UDTS.
CDER or Center for Renewable Energy
Development is responsible for developing
and implementing programs of scientific and
technological research and development of
systems using solar, wind, geothermal and
biomass energies.
UDTS or Silicon Technology Development
In addition to the research centers affiliated Unit conducts scientific research,
to companies like Electricity and Gas technological innovation and advanced and
post-graduation training activities in the
sciences and technologies of semiconductor
materials and processes applied to several
areas including photovoltaics, detection,
optoelectronics, photonics and energy
storage. UDTS actively contributes, in
collaboration with several Algerian
universities to developing knowledge and
technological know-how and processes as
well as products necessary to economic and
societal growth.
efficiency (IAER) which will play a key role in
training efforts deployed by the country and
ensures quality development of renewable
energies in Algeria. The training provided
by the Institute cover areas including
engineering, safety and security, energy
auditing and project management.
As it considers scientific cooperation an
essential element in research activity
development, Algeria encourages exchanges
between companies and various research
The Algerian government has also established centers worldwide, including networks
an institute for renewable energy and energy specializing in renewable energy.
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V.
L
egal Framework and
Incentives
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Legal framework
stakeholders and individual investors benefit
from a legislative and regulatory framework
Aware of the increasing interest in to respond effectively to challenges in
renewable energies and their stakes, renewable energy.
Algeria has integrated their development
into its energy policy by adopting a legal Besides the general frame governing the
framework favorable to their promotion development of the investment of which
and to the development of the concerned the specific regime of the convention can be
opened to the promotion of the renewable
infrastructures.
energies, the current legal framework plans
The development of the renewable energies direct and indirect supports in the renewable
energies.
is framed by a set of legislative texts:
The law n°99-09 of July 28th, 1999 relative Incentives measures and encouragement
are mentioned in the law relative to the
to the energy control;
energy control (financial, fiscal advantages
The law n°02-01 of February 5th, 2002, and customs duties) for the actions and
relative to the electricity and the public the projects which contribute to the energy
efficiency improvement and to the renewable
distribution gas by pipes;
energies promotion. A National Fund for
The law n°04-09 of August 14th, 2004, Energy Efficiency (NFEE) was also established
relative to the promotion of the renewable to finance these projects and grant loans
energies
within
the
sustainable unpaid and guarantees for the loans made
with banks and financial institutions, for the
development.
energy efficiency investments.
Incentives and fiscal measures
Legal framework modifications will be
brought in order to better respond to the
priorities expressed in the REn program and
to encourage initiatives from both individuals
and companies. It is important to make sure
that the users, this means ensuring that users,
The objective of these measures is to
encourage the local products and to provide
good conditions especially in fiscal terms,
to the investors willing to get involved in
different sectors of renewable energies.
To encourage and support the industrial
companies in the realization of this program,
is planned, among others, the reduction of
the customs duties and the VAT in the import
of the components, raw materials and semifinished products used in the manufacturing
of equipments, in Algeria, in renewable
energies and energy efficiency domains.
Regulatory measures
The voluntary policy of Algeria in the
realization of the program of development
of the renewable energies will be made
through the granting of subsidies to cover
the additional costs on the national electric
system and on the cost of providing drinking
water, in particular for the program of
brackish water desalination. In addition,
State contributions will be specified through
legal measures which will also define
the conditions and the adequate control
mechanisms to allow an optimal use of
the public fund which is assigned to this
program.
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Glossary
APRUE
Agency for the Promotion and Rational Use of Energy.
Biomass
The total mass of living matter of plant or animal origin within a given unit of environmental
area. Biomass used as renewable energy sources include wood by-products, industrial byproducts ( including paper and agro-food industries) agricultural products and by-products,
animal by-products as well as urban waste (sewage bio solids, household refuse, landfills,
etc.).
CRED
Center for Renewable Energy Development.
Co-generation
Combined heat and power generation. The advantage of cogeneration compared to traditional
generation methods is that it improves energy efficiency. This means that to equivalent energy
consumption, the plant using cogeneration will recover more energy at the output than the
single power plant.
CREDEG
Electricity and Gas Research and Development Center, subsidiary company of Sonelgaz
Group.
Sustainable development
Development that meets current needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations
to meet own needs.
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Fossil energy
Fossil energy is the chemical energy contained in fossil fuels. Over geologic time, organic
matter (biomass) was buried deep within the ground or formed deposits on the bottom of
lakes and oceans. It then turned into kerogen, then into fossil fuels: oil, natural gas or coal.
Renewable energies
Renewable energies are referred to as the whole set of energy production technologies
which, if implemented, do not lead to the depletion of the initial resource which is renewable
permanently at human scale. Provided by the sun, the wind, the heat from the earth, the
waterfalls, the tides or yet the growth of plants, their exploitation generate little or no waste
and no polluting emissions. They are energies generated from a permanent renewable source.
They are called “flow” energy sources compared with «stock» energy sources, which are made
of limited deposits of fossil fuels: oil, coal, gas and uranium.
Hydropower
Hydropower is the power that is derived from the energy of moving an incompressible fluid
like fresh or sea water. The motion will generate a mechanical force that is either used directly
or converted into electric power.
Wind energy
Energy generated from wind by the rotation of propellers or blades (turbines). The energy
produced depends on the wind and therefore a random weather factor. There are ground and
sea facilities (offshore wind turbines). Wind farm: group of wind turbines producing electricity.
A farm may include less than a dozen to several hundred wind turbines.
NFEE
National Fund for Energy Efficiency.
NG fuel
Natural Gas fuel.
LPG fuel
Liquefied Petroleum Gas fuel.
Sonelgaz Group
The group of companies called Sonelgaz Group comprises the holding company «Sonelgaz»
and 35 subsidiaries, including those in charge of electricity production, transmission and
distribution and natural gas transport and distribution.
IAER
Algerian Institute for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency.
Kilowatt hour (kWh)
Unit of work and energy measurement. One kilowatt hour corresponds to the consumption
of an electric appliance of 1 000 W at work during one hour. 1 MWh (megawatt hour) = 1 000
kWh, 1 TWh (terawatt hour) = 1 billion kWh.
Megawatt (MW)
A megawatt is a unit for measuring power that generally describes the production capacity of
a power generator (1 megawatt = 1 million watts).
Photovoltaic module
Assembly of photovoltaic cells with a protective coating and electrically connected. This
assembly of cells can generate direct electrical current in individual facilities or in photovoltaic
power plants.
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The performance metrics of this type of generator are as follows: panel surface and sun
radiation level (which varies by region, season, time of day, weather, etc.).
The advantage of photovoltaic solar modules is that they do not generate any waste during
operation and can be easily removed when they reach end of life - which is currently about
20 years.
Rouiba Eclairage
Subsidiary company of Sonelgaz Group, which produces lighting equipment and is responsible
for implementing a photovoltaic cell manufacturing plant to be operationalized in late 2013.
Silicon
Semiconductor material, which the essential constituent of certain types of sand and computer
chips. It can be used in the manufacturing of photovoltaic solar cells and is the component
that makes high energy efficiency possible.
NEAL
New Energy Algeria is a joint-stock company, a subsidiary of the groups Sonelgaz, Sonatrach
and SIM. Created in 2002, NEAL is in charge of the development of REn projects.
SIM
Semolina Manufacturer of the Mitidja.
Sonatrach
Company of hydrocarbons occurring in the exploration, the production, the transport by pipes,
the transformation and the marketing of hydrocarbons and their by-products.
Renewable energy using the radiation of the sun to produce some electricity.
Thermal solar energy
The thermal solar energy allows producing some heat (in low, average or high temperature).
The most wide-spread applications are the ones concerning.
VAT
Value Added Tax.
UDTS
Silicon Technology Development Unit.
Watt (W)
The watt (symbol: W) is the international legal unit for power. It corresponds to the amount of
energy consumed or produced per unit of time, that is to say one joule per second. In electricity,
the watt is the unit of power of a system supplying a current of 1 ampere at a voltage of 1 volt.
This word originates from the name of the engineer James Watt.
Watt-peak (Wp)
The Watt-peak is a unit for the measurement of the nominal power delivered by a solar energy
device with a standard solar radiation level of 1kW/m² and a temperature of 25°C. This unit
makes it possible to compare the various solar energy collection equipment using photovoltaic
materials.
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This document was produced by the ministry of energy and mines
Designed and printed by SATINFO
Sonelgaz Group Company

Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency Program

Transcription

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