George II period - Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks
Transcription
George II period - Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks
HOWARD WALW YN FINE ANTIQUE CLOCKS 01 HOWARD WALW YN FINE ANTIQUE CLOCKS 73 Kensington Church Street London W8 4BG Tel +44 (0)20 7938 1100 Mob +44 (0)7768 096 869 Fax +44 (0)20 7938 2519 www.howardwalwyn.com [email protected] INTRODUCTION Having been collecting and dealing in clocks for over 25 years, it is a great pleasure to offer you this first catalogue under my new company Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks. The select group of timepieces illustrated in these pages are amongst the finest 17th and 18th century English clocks currently on the market. Whether they are by famous ‘Golden Age’ clockmakers with Royal Connections such as Joseph Knibb, William Clement, Daniel Quare and Daniel Delander or by less well known makers, they have all been chosen for their beauty, originality and outstanding craftsmanship. I will be happy to provide photographs and full descriptions of any of the clocks on offer together with more detailed biographical information on the clockmakers. Howard Walwyn 2 3 JOSEPH KNIBB LONDINI FECIT unrecorded Charles II period phase I olivewood table A previously clock, the fully latched eight-day brass dial movement with outside count wheel hour strike on a single bell. The exquisite back plate (shown on previous page) is profusely engraved with tulips and signed by the maker in a foliate cartouche. Date: circa 1675–1680 Height: 13 in (32 cm) excluding handle Provenance: An English family since the late 19th century * Joseph Knibb, the most famous member of the celebrated Knibb clockmaking family was born circa 1640; he was apprenticed to his cousin Samuel in about 1655 and after serving seven years worked first in Oxford and then moved to London in 1670 where he was made Free of the Clockmakers’ Company. He must soon have built up a good reputation for himself as it is recorded that he supplied a turret clock for Windsor Castle in 1677 and payments were made to him in 1682 on behalf of King Charles II. Joseph Knibb made many longcase and table clocks for domestic use; he was a particularly inventive maker and experimented with several different types of striking and repeating mechanism. The vast majority of Knibb’s table clocks were ebony veneered and a small number were in walnut. Those in olivewood cases can be counted on one hand and hence are by far the rarest. Comparative Literature: R.A. Lee, ‘The Knibb Family – Clockmakers’, page 78, Plate 71 and Plate 125. P.G. Dawson, C. B. Drover and D.W. Parkes, ‘Early English Clocks’, page 418, Plate 59. 4 5 GULIELMUS CLEMENT LONDINI FECIT fine William & Mary period eight-day longcase clock by this important A maker. The case is constructed primarily of oak and veneered with walnut and panels of bird and floral marquetry against an ebony ground. The cross-grain mouldings are in walnut. Standing on bun feet, the clock retains its original base and there is a lenticle to the trunk door. The hood with front opening door is flanked by ebonised barley twist columns and there is a delicate walnut sound fret set below the cornice. The 11 inch square brass dial is mounted with cherub and foliate spandrels, silvered chapter ring and subsidiary seconds ring. The dial centre is finely matted and has an aperture to view the day of the month. The dial plate has delicate foliate engraving between the spandrels and is signed at the bottom by the maker between VII and V. The blued steel hands are finely pierced and faceted. The exceptional high quality eight-day duration movement has six latched pillars and a very unusual trip repeat work mechanism for repeating from above or below. There is also evidence that the movement originally had shutters to protect the movement from damp, dust or dirt. The hours are sounded on a bell with rack and snail strike. Date: circa 1695–1700 Height: 80 in (203 cm) * Gulielmus (William) Clement is most probably the son of the William Clement who made the famous King’s College, Cambridge turret clock in 1671 and who claimed the invention of the anchor escapement. He was born circa 1643 and was apprenticed to Thomas Chapman (the same master as his brother, Francis) in 1656– 1657. He was made a Free Brother in the Clockmakers’ Company in December 1677 as a “great clockmaker”. In 1678 he was made an Assistant within the Company very prematurely “by unanimous consent and approbation and for good reasons and especial esteem”. The question is: was the preferential treatment given to him due to the fact he, William Junior, had just invented the anchor escapement? The question is and will probably always remain unanswered. He became Master of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1694 and is said to have died in 1709. This clock is of very fine quality like all of his work and has a number of unusual and innovative features, viz. the substantial trip repeat mechanism and the evidence for the fitting of shutters to the movement when the clock was first made. 6 7 RICHARD COLSTON, LONDON rare William and Mary period square dial burr elm longcase clock A with eight-day hour striking movement. The brass dial has finely cast cherub and leaf corner spandrels, engraved decoration around the inset datework and a subsidiary seconds dial. The beautifully proportioned and patinated case has wonderful burr elm figuring and a hood with a repoussé brass fret and barley twist columns. Date: circa 1690 Height: 79½ in (201.5 cm) * Richard Colston is recorded as working in London between 1682 and 1709 and there is a clock by him in the Wetherfield Collection. Small early longcases veneered in burr elm are very rare. 8 9 JOHN EBSWORTH LONDINI FECIT n exceptional William III period month going longcase clock in an English A black and gilt chinoiserie lacquer case. Standing on bun feet, the clock has a turned wooden lenticle to the trunk door and a pull forward hood flanked by barley twist columns with gilt capitals and bases. The elegant original decorated caddy top is surmounted by a finial to each side. The early English chinoiserie decoration depicts oriental figures in multi-coloured dress in a stylised oriental setting with flowers, birds, trees and foliage. The 11 inch square dial, which is signed by the maker on the dial plate below VI, is mounted with cherub and foliate spandrels and a silvered chapter ring. The dial centre is finely matted and there is a seconds ring and aperture to view the day of the month. The elegant blued steel hands are finely pierced and they are centred by a finely engraved Tudor Rose on the dial. The high quality month duration movement has six turned and finned pillars and hour strike via an outside locking plate. Commensurate with a movement of exceptional quality, the dial feet are also fully latched. The clock is complete with a pair of period patinated brass cased month weights and a detachable flat pendulum rod with a brass bob and rating nut. Date: circa 1690 Height : 84 in (213.5 cm) * John Ebsworth was in the first rank of early makers who were working during the last quarter of the 17th century. He was appointed Master of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1697 and he made a number of very fine longcase, bracket and lantern clocks. There are clocks by him in various museums and public collections around the world. 10 11 EDMUND MASSEY LONDINI FECIT fine William and Mary period miniature striking lantern clock by this A well-known apprentice of Joseph Knibb. The Knibb-style miniature case is surmounted by a turned baluster finial centring the brass cross-strap. The central fret is engraved with flowers and foliage. The two frets to the side of the case are of the same pattern and left unengraved. The four columns are cast in one piece and include the finials and bases. The dial plate is engraved with interlacing tulips and topped by the signature Edmund Massey Londini Fecit. There is a restored central alarm disc with Arabic hour numerals and a central Tudor Rose. The short duration movement has a knife edge verge escapement and a short bob pendulum with countwheel strike on the hour. The restored alarm work is set into the original backplate. Date: circa 1685–90 Height: 6½ in (16.5 cm) * Edmund Massey was born circa 1660 and apprenticed to Joseph Knibb from December 1673 until 1681. It is therefore no accident that this beautiful miniature lantern clock is identical in every way to those made by Joseph Knibb as it emanates from the same workshop. Literature: George White, ‘English Lantern Clocks’, pages 182 and 183. 12 13 JAMES MARKWICK, LONDON fine William and Mary period quarter repeating spring table clock A veneered with olivewood. The flamboyant case stands on brass bun feet with repoussé mounts to the door and a repoussé basket top supporting the carrying handle. The basket is flanked to the four corners with unusual four leaf finials. The 7 in (18 cm) square dial is mounted with wing cherub spandrels and a silvered chapter ring with strike/silent option above. There is a false pendulum aperture, ringed winding holes and date aperture to the matted centre. The two train fusée eight-day duration movement has quarter repeating on three bells with the hours sounded on a separate bell. The escapement is verge and the backplate is engraved with scrolling foliage. Both the backplate and the chapter ring are signed Markwick, London. Date: circa 1695 Height: 15 in (38 cm) * James Markwick was Free of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1666 and is known to have worked at the Royal Exchange until circa 1705. His son of the same name was Free of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1692 and appointed Master in 1720. 14 15 JOHN GERRARD, LONDON fine Queen Anne period ebony veneered table clock by this excellent A maker. The eight-day movement, which strikes the hours on a single bell, has a verge escapement, short bob pendulum and pull quarter repeatwork on three bells. There are two subsidiary dials at the top of the elaborately engraved rectangular dial for strike/not strike and rise and fall, a design much favoured by Thomas Tompion and Daniel Quare. The maker’s signature is centred between the two subsidiary dials. The dial has two winged cherub head corner spandrels and a chapter ring with unusual flower half-hour markers. The date indicator is inset above VI and there is a crescent shaped aperture for the false pendulum within the finely matted dial centre. The elaborate back plate is engraved with beautiful flower and foliate scrolls and a well-executed wheatear border. The heart-shaped maker’s name is set within a cartouche just below the centre and there is an elaborate heart-shaped apron to cover the backcock. The elegant case is constructed primarily in oak and veneered with ebony. It has a shallow domed top with a knopped brass carrying handle. The ebony case has a very distinctive bolection moulded front door which we had on another clock by Charles Goode. (See Plate 40, Wetherfield Collection.) Date: circa 1705–1715 Height: 15 in (38 cm) * John Gerrard was active in London in the first quarter of the 18th century and is listed on page 298 of Brian Loomes’s ‘Clockmakers of the World’. For an almost identical clock by the same maker, see Plate 715 on page 483 of ‘Early English Clocks’ shown in the company of three Tompion table clocks. 16 17 DANIEL DELANDER, LONDON Queen Anne period figured walnut longcase clock with A fine square shaped dial and caddy top by this famous apprentice of Thomas Tompion. The case is veneered with figured walnut of excellent colour and patination. The pull-forward caddy top hood is flanked by turned pillars with brass capitals and bases. The caddy top is original and is surmounted by two gilt ball finials. The 12 inch square dial has an applied chapter ring with cherubs holding a crown corner spandrels. The centre is finely matted with an applied seconds ring and an aperture to view the day of the month. The blued steel pointers are finely pierced and the maker’s signature – Daniel Delander, London – is engraved on the chapter ring between V and VII. The five pillar movement has rack striking with the hours sounded on a bell. As one would expect from a maker of Delander’s stature, the movement is of the highest quality with chamfered cocks and thick plates. Date: circa 1710 Height: 94 in (239 cm) * Daniel Delander was born circa 1678 and his workshop was situated in Deveraux Court and later between the two Temple gates. He had served the latter part of his apprenticeship under Thomas Tompion where he worked as a “servant” journeyman alongside George Graham. Hence the fact that there are a number of similarities between his work and that of the two greatest English clockmakers after Fromanteel. 18 19 CLAUDIUS DUCHESNE, LONDON n exceptional Queen Anne period figured walnut longcase clock A of month duration with square dial and caddy top by this well known Huguenot maker. The case is veneered with highly figured walnut of excellent colour and patination. The pull-forward caddy top hood is flanked by turned pillars with brass capitals. The caddy top is original and is surmounted by two gilt flambeaux finials. The 12 inch square dial has an applied chapter ring with cherubs holding a crown corner spandrels. The centre is finely matted with an applied seconds ring and an aperture to view the day of the month. The blued steel hands are finely pierced and the maker’s signature – Claudius Duchesne, London - is engraved on the chapter ring between V and VII. The five finned pillar month movement has outside countwheel strike with the hours sounded on a bell. As one would expect from a maker of Duchesne’s stature, the movement is of the highest quality with fine wheelwork and substantial plates and the elegant case stands comparison with the best cases of Tompion and Quare. Date: circa 1710–1715 Height: 89 in (226 cm) * Claudius Duchesne moved from Paris to London circa 1690. Duchesne is recorded in Loomes’ ‘Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World’ as being in the Clockmakers Company from 1693 to 1730. Loomes suggests Duchesne worked from Dean St, Soho, London and was a maker of a number of exceptional bracket and longcases. 20 21 DANIEL QUARE, LONDON George I period quarter repeating bracket clock by the A beautiful celebrated royal maker Daniel Quare. The ebony veneered case has gilt brass mounts, escutcheons and a substantial brass carrying handle. The break arch brass dial is nicely laid out with crown and sceptre spandrels and a larger subsidiary calendar dial in the arch. The centre is finely matted with a false pendulum aperture. The substantial eight day duration movement has a verge escapement and quarter repeating mechanism sounded on six bells. The hours are struck on a separate bell. The back plate is beautifully engraved with foliate scrolls and there is a bold signature - Dan. Quare, London - set in an oval cartouche. Date: circa 1715–1720 Height excluding handle: 15½ in (39 cm) Provenance: Lord Harris * Daniel Quare is one of the great names from the Golden Age of English clockmaking and he was a justly worthy contemporary of Thomas Tompion, George Graham, Daniel Delander et al. He was born in circa 1647 and became a Brother of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1671. He went on to serve as Master in 1708. In later years he took on Stephen Horseman, his former apprentice, as a partner and he continued the business after Quare’s death in 1724. Daniel Quare’s reputation rests largely on the fact that he was a great innovator. He and Tompion were the first to make some highly important walnut longcase clocks of year duration showing the equation of time and other complications. One of these is now in the Ilbert Collection in the British Museum. Quare was an arch rival to Thomas Tompion and he was offered the Royal Warrant. However, as a practising Quaker he would not sign any oaths of allegiance and this prevented his appointment as Clockmaker to the King. Nevertheless he was a regular visitor at the Royal Palace and was ‘free of the back stairs’. He had a highly successful business and counted many members of the Nobility and Foreign Ambassadors amongst his clientele. 22 23 ANDREW DUNLOP, LONDON A rare George I period Grande Sonnerie table clock by this excellent maker. The elegant ebony veneered case has an inverted bell top surmounted by five gilt brass finials. The front door has pierced and engraved brass frets and the sides are glazed within moulded arched surrounds. The whole case stands raised upon four gilt moulded block feet and has a knopped brass carrying handle to each side. The exceptional arch brass dial has a raised chapter ring and silvered engraved bar for the selection of the hours, silent, and both quarters and hours. The finely matted dial centre has inset date indication and a dummy pendulum aperture. Within the arch, the maker’s signature is engraved on a raised silvered disc with a wheatear border. The massive three-train movement, of the finest London quality, has a finely engraved backplate depicting scrolling foliage, flowers, birds and a cornucopia of flowers. The 8-Day movement has a train of six bells and six hammers for the quarters and a separate bell for sounding the hours. There is also a pull-quarter repeating mechanism. Date: circa 1735 Height excluding finial: 18 in (51 cm) * Andrew Dunlop was made free of Clockmakers Company in 1701 and he had his workshop in Spread Eagle Court, Gray’s Inn, London between 1702 and 1732. Grande Sonnerie clocks are particularly rare and this is a very fine example which bears comparison with those of Daniel Quare et al. 24 25 JOHN BERRY, LONDON fine George II period quarter repeating spring table clock veneered A with ebony. The elegant case of rare small size stands on four brass block moulded feet and has an inverted bell top surmounted by a knopped brass carrying handle. The 4¾ in (12 cm) brass dial is mounted with crown and sceptre corner spandrels and a silvered chapter ring with subsidiary dials in the arch for strike/silent and rise/fall pendulum regulation. The substantial two train fusée eight day duration movement has quarter repeat work on five bells with the hours sounded on a separate bell. It has a verge escapement and the back plate is engraved with flowers, foliage and a hoho bird. Date: circa 1730 Height excluding handle: 13 in (32 cm) Dial width: 4¾ in (12 cm) * John Berry worked with his father of the same name who had been apprenticed to John Ebsworth in the 1690’s. Their workshop was at the Dial in St Clements Lane and John Junior was active until 1748. 26 27 THOMAS CHAPPELL, LONDON n exceptionally rare George II period shield dial Tavern Clock of A most unusual elongated form, the 8 Day movement with rectangular shaped plates. On the dial below the chapter ring are two outer angels playing trumpets and a central angel holding a scythe and an hour glass. The chinoiserie decoration on the door is also very distinctive with sun and clouds at the top and an intimate dining scene below. Date: circa 1755 Height: 64 in (165 cm) Dial Width: 28 in (70 cm) * Thomas Chappell is listed as working in Great Tower Street, London between 1754 and 1763. This clock is described at length on pages 113 – 114 of Martin Gatto’s book ‘The Tavern Clock’ where he emphasizes both its rarity and uniqueness of form and decoration. 28 29 CHARLES CABRIER, LONDON George III period chinoiserie red lacquer inverted bell top table A fine clock, the 8 Day hour striking movement with quarter chimes on 8 bells. The finely mounted brass dial has a raised silvered chapter ring, a central alarm disc and a subsidiary strike/silent dial within the arch. The blued steel hands are finely pierced and appear to be original and the gilt foliate corner spandrels are well cast and chased. The substantial triple fusee movement has a fully engraved foliate backplate with a basket of flowers in the centre. The alarm work is mounted within a subframe to the right hand side. The movement retains its original rare tic tac escapement. Date: circa 1760 Height: 20½ in (52 cm) * Charles Cabrier was a third generation clockmaker of the same name, having succeeded his father and grandfather. He was active in London between 1752 until his death in 1777. He was a prolific maker of fine musical table and longcase clocks, especially for the export market to Europe and the Far East. An exceptional pair of musical and automaton clocks in the oriental taste are illustrated in Richard Barder’s book ‘The Georgian Bracket Clock’, Colour Plate 27, page 164. These were reportedly made for the King of Nepal. 30 31 JOHN ROBERTS, ST. JAMES’S, LONDON like miniature burr walnut table clock. The 3½ inch arched brass A gem dial has two subsidiary dials for strike/silent and rise/fall pendulum regulation and inset date above XII. The backplate of the movement which fills the case is profusely engraved with scrolling foliage and a cornucopia of fruit. The exceptional diminutive arched case with canted and bracketed corners has highly chased and finished gilt mounts and inset fretwork panels. The front and rear doors have gilt brass bolection mouldings. The case stands upon four similarly chased gilt brass foliate feet and is surmounted by five elaborate gilt finials of similar finish. Date: circa 1765 Height: 8¼ in (21 cm) * John Roberts is recorded as working in St James’s Market in London between 1765 and 1770. Literature: This rare miniature clock is described and illustrated by Michael Hurst in an article in ‘Antiquarian Horology Volume 4 No 1’ in June 1965. 32 33 ROBERT WARD, LONDON beautifully patinated late George II period walnut veneered table A clock by this good London maker. The eight day movement, which strikes the hours on a single bell, has a restored verge escapement and short bob pendulum. There is a subsidiary dial in the arch for strike/silent. The maker’s signature is set on a cartouche above VI. The dial has gilt foliate corner spandrels and a Roman chapter ring with Arabic minutes. The date indicator is inset above VI and there is a crescent shaped aperture for the false pendulum within the finely matted dial centre. The elaborate back plate is engraved with flower and foliate scrolls. The elegant case is constructed primarily in oak and veneered with highly figured walnut. It has an inverted bell top with a brass carrying handle and four gilt pineapple finials. Date: circa 1690 Height: 79½ in (201.5 cm) * Robert Ward was both a clockmaker and goldsmith working in London between 1751 and 1775. 34 35 JOSEPH QUARTERMAINE, AYLSBURY well preserved Tavern clock with round white dial and chinoiserie A very decoration. The case of traditional style with delicately shaped “ears” and moulded foot is finely decorated on the door with a pavilion, oriental figures and a pair of birds. The trunk sides are filled with chrysanthemum sprays. The round dial with the original crazed ground is written in black with Roman numerals, double minutes circle and outside five minute marks. The pierced brass hands have heart shaped tips, the minute with counterpoise. The scrolling signature is written below the dial across the trunk and ears. The timepiece movement of 2 weeks duration has a five wheel train with anchor escapement and steel pendulum rod with brass faced bob. The oval, brass cased lead weight is a copy of an original. Date: circa 1780 Height: 57½ in (146 cm) Dial Width: 29½ in (75cm) * Edward Legg in the standard work on the county ‘The Clock and Watchmakers of Buckinghamshire’ notes that Joseph Quartermaine was in business during the last quarter of the 18th century. 36 37 ROBERT WOOD, LONDON rare automaton bracket clock by this well known George III period A clockmaker. The elegant mahogany case has a bell top and gilt floral mounts to the sides with brass foliate ogee bracket feet. The arched door is bound with a brass moulding, and there are well cast brass sound frets to the front. The whole case has richly figured mahogany veneers. The 8-Day double fusee verge movement strikes the hours on a single bell. The arched dial has a matted brass centre, gilt foliate corner spandrels, inset datework and the maker’s signature on an inset disc below XII. Above XII there is a strike/silent lever. The whole backplate is most beautifully engraved with flowers and foliage which are repeated on the fixing brackets and the cocks. The pièce de resistance is the beautifully painted arch with its moving automata. In the centre there is a shepherd with his sheep and a red coated figure with his hat attempting to catch a bird that retreats into the trees. When the clock strikes the hours, the miller and his wife disappear from view in order to grind the corn as the sails of the windmill rotate. They reappear after grinding the corn when the sails cease turning. Date: circa 1770–1775 Height: 19½ in (49 cm) Depth: 8¼ in (21 cm) Width: 12½ in (32 cm) * Robert Wood was active in London in the last third of the 18th century and he made a number of fine musical and automaton clocks. 38 39 JOHN WALTER-BROOKE, ST CLEMENT, LONDON and rare George III period regulator longcase, the beautiful flame A fine veneered mahogany case with full length trunk door and hood with ogee moulded top and reeded stop chamfers to each side. The 10 inch square ogee dial is of the conventional regulator type with separate dials for hours, minutes and seconds and the maker’s name engraved in the ogee arch. It retains its original blued steel pointers. The superb 8-day movement has five boldly turned pillars, dead beat escapement, maintaining power and a large brass pendulum bob with a wooden rod and engraved rating ball. There is also a silvered and engraved beat scale and the clock retains its original five spoke pulley and brass cased weight. The pendulum is suspended from a massive brass back-cock. Date: circa 1790 Height: 77 in (196 cm) * John Walter-Brooke is listed in Britten’s Old Clocks and Watches and Their Makers and was active in the last quarter of the 18th century.This classic small regulator bears many resemblances in its case, dial and movement to those made by Thomas Mudge. 40 41 CHARLES HAYLEY, LONDON particularly fine, elegant George III longcase clock in a restrained A and well proportioned case of architectural design, veneered in well figured mahogany which has achieved an excellent colour and patination. The case which resembles closely those of Vulliamy stands only 6ft 9 inch in height. The square brass dial is nicely engraved and has a slivered finish and strike/silent lever adjacent to IX. The high quality five pillar movement has dead beat escapement and hour strike on a bell. Date: circa 1785 Height: 81 in (206 cm) * Charles Haley is recorded as a famous maker who worked in Wigmore Street from 1781 to 1825. He was noted for his precision work and made both watches and chronometers. Examples of his work are recorded in the Science Museum, the Greenwich Observatory Museum and the Ilbert and Wetherfield collections. 42 43 PAYNE, 163 NEW BOND STREET, LONDON A fine English carriage clock in a rosewood veneered four-glass case standing on adjustable brass bun feet; the case rising to an ormolu carrying handle. The two train fusée movement has a high quality compensated platform lever escapement, with maintaining power. The hours are sounded on a gong and there is a soft/loud control operated from the side of the case – a rare but sought after feature. The gilt brass dial is finely engraved within and around the roman chapter ring. Both the dial and the backplate are signed by the maker. Date: circa 1840 Height excluding handle: 9 in (23 cm) * Payne worked in London during the first half of the nineteenth century producing many fine mantel and carriage clocks. 44 45 46 47 A BRIEF HOROLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Baillie, GH, Watchmakers & Clockmakers of the World, NAG Press Ltd, Eds 1969 Barder, Richard, C.R, The Georgian Bracket Clock, ACC, 1993 Britten, FJ, Old Clocks & Watchmakers & Their Makers, Batsford, Fifth Edition Bruton, Eric, The Wetherfield Collection of Clocks, NAG Press 1981 Cescinsky and Webster, English Domestic Clocks, Chancery House, 1976 Dawson, PG, Drover CB, Parkes DW, Early English Clocks, Antique Collectors Club 1982 Evans, Jeremy, Thomas Tompion at the Dial and Three Crowns, AHS, 2006 Gatto, Martin D, The Tavern Clock, 2010 Horological Masterworks, AHS, 2003 Huygens’ Legacy, The Golden Age of the Pendulum Clock, Fromanteel Ltd, 2004 Lee, Ronald A, The Knibb Family * Clockmakers, The Manor House Press, 1964 Loomes, Brian, The Early Clockmakers of Great Britain, NAG Press, 1981 Loomes, Brian, Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World, NAG Press, 2006 Rose, Ronald.E, English Dial Clocks, ACC 2000 Symonds, RW, Thomas Tompion His Life and Work, Batsford, 1951 White, George, English Lantern Clocks, ACC, 1989 48 www.howardwalwyn.com