de Bijenstichting

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de Bijenstichting
Onderzoek naar de relatie tussen bloemen, beestjes en bijen
Secr./Penm. Johan C.R. van den Bergh
HAARLEM. NL
Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken S. 226128
Bank: ABN AMRO 52 90 26 503
E-mail : [email protected]
To all addressed persons, institutes, universities, the press and other interested people.
Haarlem, The Netherlands, 19 September 2010.
Re: The causes of Colony Collapse Disease in honeybee colonies in winter/springtime.
Dear readers,
The report “Results of scientific research of the extinction of honeybees” , Apis mellifera, is made up by
de Bijenstichting and is presented to you free of charge.
We wish to deliver our knowledge to you, to solve the disastrous situation that will be the result of it.
Serous research, knowledge of the life of honeybees, artificial breeding of large quantities of queens,
disputable handlings of beekeepers, situations on plant- and tree nurseries, knowledge of biology and the
Natural Laws that rule for millions of years [ as was written by Charles R. Darwin, some 150 years ago,
did lead us to solve this problem. The facts are to be traced in the list of literature.
During millions of years the bee colonies were good. As soon as humans interfered, things went wrong.
So we researched on that item. As usual then there is little hope on recovery.
The CCD was in the year 1673 [so 337 years ago] the reason to describe it and made a very fine drawing
of a good functional ovary of a natural queen bee. Dr. Jan Swammerdam compared this with the not
functioning ovary of a manmade artificial queen bee. See appendix II. of the report.
We hope that you will study this report very seriously and after that will act to spread this knowledge to
all people operating in the beekeeping busyness.
In case you wish to react on this report, please use our E-mail: [email protected]
As we thought that our research would be of greatest importance, we did spend more money than was
available through de Bijenstichting. We will be very grateful if you donate some money on our bank
account:
Bank relation: The Bijenstichting ABN-AMRO number 52 90 26 503
[ The Bijenstichting is a non profit institute ]
Secretary / treasurer of the Bijenstichting.
Enclosed : Results of Scientific research of the extinction of honeybees., Apis mellifera.
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de Bijenstichting
Onderzoek naar de relatie tussen bloemen, beestjes en bijen
Secr./Penm. Johan C.R. van den Bergh
HAARLEM. NL
Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken S. 226128
Bank: ABN AMRO 52 90 26 503
E-mail : [email protected]
Results of scientific research of the extinction of honeybees.
Apis mellifera
19 September 2010.
Introduction: The extinction of honeybees is not a new phenomenon.
As long as men try to rear queen bees, Colony Collaps Disease, the CCD exists.
That is already known for several hundreds of years.
The oldest proof of this, dates from the year 1673, about 337 years ago.
It is in possession of the Bijenstichting in Haarlem.
The world famous researcher, Jan Swammerdam. [1637 – 1680 ] wrote articles about it and made
drawings of the ovary of a normal queen bee and compared it with a deformed ovary of a manmade
queen bee.
The drawing is enclosed as appendix II. The left ovary of a manmade queen bee is so much
deformed, that no eggs can be produced.
All his research work is later collected in a book, Biblia Natura. The drawing is part of it.
This original book is in possession of the oldest museum of Holland, the Teylers Museum in the
city of Haarlem. NL.
Already at that time, church fathers, catholic as well as protestant, were busy in breeding queen
bees for their own commercial purposes.
In the year 1906 there was a catastrophe in England.
On the Isle of Wight, the deformed queen bees were reared and all bees disappeared as well.
Somewhere between 1960 and 1970 a queen rearing station was situated just outside the city of
Haarlem. The CCD was normal, but as soon as this station was closed, it stopped.
Around the year 1975 there was much CCD in the environment of the city Apeldoorn.
Investigation shows that queens were reared at a station on the Isle of Schiermonnikoog.
There the Bee Association V.B.B.N., reared queen bees of another bee subspecies,
Apis mellifera carnica. [ The V.B.B.N. is lately changed in V.B.N.]
Because much money could be made by selling queen bees, many stations started to produce these
queens and many complaints were made. bureaucrat reports mention that about 70 % of the queens
were good. This means that 30 % failed. So there was much CCD.
That V.B.B.N Association has a monthly magazine and from then on many times the CCD was
mentioned, without knowing / telling the cause of it.
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It is a big shame that queen rearing and selling these queens for money can go on,
while for hundreds of years the CCD is a known result of it.
The calamity, now in the 21-century, is much severe.
Beekeepers in Holland and all other countries discovered that much money could be made by
queen rearing. So it became a habit to renew the queens every year by bought ones, mostly of
mixed races. That rearing was done on a really big scale.
The big commercial bee keepers in America, with thousands of bee hives, were also used to renew
their queens every year. They have much more CCD than backyard bee keepers who do not
interfere in queen succession.
Note: A queen bee can live for 5 years, if they are grown naturally inside a beehive.
Nowadays there is another phenomenon that has a very negative effect on bee keeping.
That is mass improvement of all plants through crossings and tissue rearing.
A crossing does not exist in Nature and is no good for the bees.
Tissue rearing means that from only one plant, a laboratory can make a fast number of new plants.
They all have the same genetic make-up and result in a seedless production. They fail to reproduce
or to feed animals like birds.
The pollen of these improved plants are not well. The absolutely necessary protein for queen
rearing in it, is not available
Pollen are in fact the male reproduction cells.
That is also mentioned in the lessons of the Agricultural University in Wageningen, NL,
“ Faculty : Plant Improvement “
Most people do not realise that on this University you can learn how to change plants from
NATURE into sterile CULTURE.
Culture is the negative result of improvement.
But the problem is, that you can make much money this way.
Improving plants by means of crossing.
There are many ways to improve plants, but we will discuss improvement by crossing only.
When a bee brings pollen from one Ranunculus repens to another Ranunculus repens ,
the same species, it is called cross pollination.
That is what normally happens in Nature.
When nursery men talk about “crossing”, they mean pollination of different species.
For instance: Ranunculus repens with Ranunculus arvensis.
In case this crossing will produce seed, it will be sterile.
In Nature at a certain moment this plant will die without offspring.
In biology the name for these kind of crossed sterile plants is: ” Hybrids.”
The task of plants is to feed animals, but when no protein containing seeds are produced, these
animals will become extinct as well.
Making hybrids is pure destruction of Nature.
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Mostly heard complaints by beekeepers:
My bees are dead. I have terrible losses. Spraying poison is the reason again. The little telephones
are the cause of death. The Varroa destructor mites are the cause. The bees forget their orientation
and cannot find their hive again. It is the Nosema-illness. It is a virus. etc.
All these complaints are incorrect, because the bees did not die at all : they were never born.
The terms of our research.
The enormous amount of empty hives in springtime happen in many parts of the world.
This means that the cause or causes of the defeat also must be present in all these countries.
This appeared indeed to be the situation.
The honeybee was capable to persist during millions of years without the intervention of men
and honeybees are fully dependent on Natural vegetation.
As soon as plants are no longer Nature, but degraded to culture, it will result in difficulties with the
bees.
As soon as the bees cannot live in their natural habitat, due to bad handlings of the beekeeper, it
will also result in problems.
The research on extinction of plants and animals.
Before starting the actual research, much is read of the opinions and results of investigation of
scientific researchers from all these countries.
The National Geographic Institute and the Dutch periodical “ Nature, Science and Technology,
have collected many of the opinions, followed up by the German TV. Arte, “Das Geheimnis der
sterbende Bienen”. may 2010.
In the beekeeping world, a 2- yearly International Bee Congress, “Apimondia” is organised.
For instance in Australia [2007] and lately in France. [2009]
Many honoured scientific researchers have given their opinions, but without any positive results.
A list of all these scientists and their functions is added as appendix I.
In the past 10 years, the results were negative, because they choose the wrong start of their
research.
The countries that stipulated their losses are:
Denmark, The Netherlands, , Germany, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal, England, Australia
United States, Canada, Taiwan, China, Italy, Greece, Austria and Scotland.
Dead bees are often found as a result of spraying poison, but this is not part of our research.
But keep in mind that wild solitairy bees will be eliminated by spraying poison on Natural plants.
All our texts represent the research of empty hives in early springtime.
In countries with the English language, it is called Colony Collapse Disease [ CCD ]
In The Netherlands they call it: : “verdwijn ziekte “ what can be translated as “Disappearing
disease “.
There is more to it, than only the extinction of honeybees.
Nearly all plant and tree nurseries and garden centres, as well as governmental departments,
operate with plants that absolutely do not exist in Nature.
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All plants are improved in some way. The result is, that all these plants are unable to make seeds
any more. Then reproduction is impossible and the plants cannot feed animals, like birds, with their
protein containing seeds.
Read the book “Inheemse bomen en struiken” van Bert Maes, and you will notice that only a single
item of a natural species can be found in the Netherlands.
This is most probably the real reason for the slowly extinction of many plants and animals.
Improvement.
Improvement is done as soon as a person or institute is convinced, that the creation
of the world is a mess. He or she can do it much better.
And they do it on big scale. Plants are crossed and get indeed bigger flowers or more and fatter
seeds on wheat. The offspring when sown however, is not fertile.
In case you will want to learn how to improve plants, you can go to our Agricultural
University in the city of Wageningen in Holland.
They have a faculty “Plant Improvement”.
However there is only one problem: Nature cannot be improved.
All things created by men, plants as well as animals, are sick and can only survive when immense
agricultural chemical substances are available.
It is “Bio industry” in optima forma.
Every natural plant or animal is 100 %. Men cannot improve it to 101 %
It is only possible to alter things. When flowers are bigger, the fertility will be less.
The plague resistance is also gone. Many pests are the result and poison spraying is necessary.
Read the book “Gewasbeschermingsgids 1989 of “Wageningen” containing 575 pages of improved
plants and their necessary poisons.
In the last century many crossings with subspecies from Europe and Africa were done.
The result is, that the original Apis mellifera became extinct. That crossings “Improvement”
resulted in a shorter lifetime of the bees, so the queen had to lay much more eggs per day.
The original Apis mellifera layed during 5 years about 700 eggs a day.
Now they say 2500 per day is normal.
That means that 2500 larva have to be fed instead of 700. Further more to feed all these larva,
much more pollen of non improved plants must be available.
As the queen has a certain amount of egg cells when she is born, she can lay only 1, maybe 2 years.
Queens of the real Apis mellifera were free of charge, but now you have to pay yearly for new, less
good, queens.
Rearing of plants.
The nursery people take cuttings from a [ mostly crossed ] parent plant and rear a good rooting
system on these cuttings.
So the plant will stay alive, but all the cuttings have the same genetic make-up.
This means that they cannot make seeds, resulting in extinction of animals.
Propagation by cuttings is called vegetative propagation, while propagation by seed is called
genetic propagation. Animals cannot be propagated in this vegetative way.
When making plant hybrids, the fertility of the plant sperm gets lost.
The male reproduction organ is then damaged or even destroyed.
That sperm of plants we call “Pollen” These pollen are in fact male reproduction cells.
Most plants and trees on nurseries are improved and have sterile pollen only.
Walk on a sunny summer day in a great garden centre. Millions of flowers, but no bees...
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The protein in pollen of non improved plants is absolutely necessary to
rear queen bees, which can produce fertile eggs.
Look at the National Geographic TV film and see how much Royal Jelly a Chinese company sells.
Then you realise that this jelly was supposed to create good fertile queens.
Look around in a Beekeeping store and see how much pollen is sold that was meant to feed young
bees. Pollen grains are spherical shaped and hollow. The protein within these grains is released
through very little openings. Should it be possible that the exudaat, the Trilinoleïne oil, plays a role
in this fertility process? It also takes care for the right direction of growing of the pollen tube.
That unsound pollen, together with the disputed queen bee rearing, both inventions by men,
and the commercial trading of Pollen and Royal Jelly, is the real cause of the calamity in
beekeeping .
Read the book of Charles Darwin, “On the origin of Species” Chapter 4, “Survival of the
Fittest”, and you know that rearing Queen bees of all the eggs, will result in poor colonies,
with short living bees, where the Queen must lay 3 times more eggs [ up to 2500 per day].
This means that there are 3 times more larva to be fed. Also in 2 years, all her eggs cells are
used up. The result is, that more ore less every year new queens have to be bought.
Keep in mind that all these negative causes can be learned at our agricultural
university.
American foulbrood;
About 100 years ago this dying of larva in the cells was caused by certain bacteria they said. The
Bijenstichting researched on that too. Many times a year it was forbidden to transport bees in
certain area’s and colonies inside that area had to be killed, the hive burnt and tools discarded.
We learned that colonies with dead larva always occurred with queens of a rearing station. So we
knew that rearing bad queens resulted in very short living animals and had nothing to do with
infection of Bacillus larvae WHITE as a cause. Foulbrood occurred while commercial queen
rearing became popular. The lifetime of the bees was so short that they already died as a larva.
The proof of what is claimed above.
The possibility of mating of a queen bee, starts 2 days after being born and she stays that way for
about 2 weeks. The male bees are fertile in that time as well.
To prevent inbreeding the queen copulates with more than one male of different colonies.
She stores the male reproduction cells separate from her own egg cells.
When she produces an egg, she will decide by herself to add or not a male cell to it.
The result of that is, that the egg is fertile or not fertile.
The proof that a non fertile queen bee is the cause of the calamity is as follows :
1.
2.
3.
.
A fertile egg
A non fertile egg.
A sterile queen bee
will result in a sterile female worker bee.
will result in a male bee, a drone .
will result in no offspring at all.
So you see that empty hives in springtime are caused by commercial queen bee
rearing , improving plants, harvesting pollen and Royal jelly.
These causes happen on very big scale in all the countries that report the losses.
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How arises a sterile queen bee?
A real good fertile queen bee arises from the same fertile egg, as a totally sterile
female worker bee. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
So a sterile queen bee is an intermediate form of a fertile queen and a sterile worker bee.
She has the body of a queen and the sterile ovary of a worker bee.
This is caused by the shortage of protein- rich mother’s milk.
.
Worker bees collect pollen from trees and plants. The newly born bees consume this pollen. As a
result of that, the mother’s milk glands will start to function.
From then on a worker bee is able to feed larva.
There is an egg phase of 3 days. After that period starts a 6 day larva phase, when feeding of
the larva takes place.
A fertile queen bee can only be developed, when the larva consumes this rich mother’s milk
for the full 6 days.
A sterile worker bee develops, when the larva consumes only mother’s milk for 2 day’s and a
mixture of honey and pollen for the remaining 4 day’s.
Now there are four possibilities to rear a sterile queen.
1.
Too many queens are commercially reared at stations by men. Then the amount of protein
rich mother’s milk is not enough to create good ovaries.
2
The pollen is unsound, caused by improving plants. Then the mother’s milk does not
contain the absolutely necessary protein rich food for rearing a good fertile queen.
3.
The necessary pollen are harvested and sold.
4.
The expensive Royal Jelly is not available for queen rearing, but is sold.
ad: 1: The CCD or disappearance disease is known at least from the year 1673, when the
scientist Jan Swammerdan wrote about it in his “Biblia Natura”.
See his fine drawing of the deformed left ovary in the appendix II.
When the Dutch V.B.B.N. club started queen rearing on the Isle of Schiermonnikoog,
the same CCD happened.
The V.B.B.N has a monthly journal. In the following years articles were written about CCD:
1972; 1974; 1978; 1979; 1980,[ 900 death colonies;]1981; 1982; 1990, 1992; 1996; etc.
So you see that nothing is learned from hundreds of years of negative
experience.
ad. 2: As soon as plants are being improved by crossing of species, the pollen will be sterile.
We must realise that nearly all plants and trees on nurseries are improved and cloned.
Read “Hilliers’Manual of Trees & Shubs, page 3. : “Clone”.
The unsound pollen together with the weakened bees, as a result of the commercial
queen bee rearing, the commercial trading of pollen and Royal Jelly are the real cause of the
worldwide calamity of bee keeping
On top of that, Natural plants are eradicated by spraying poison.
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Queens in a natural honeybee colony compared to queens of a rearing station.
About 5 queens are yearly born in a good natural bee colony, and this for 5 years on end.
According Natural Laws only one will stay alive and replace the “old queen”
This means that 24 queens will be eaten by other creatures.
In commercial queen bee raising, it is quite normal to raise 30 to 50 queens.
In that situation it is possible, that not enough protein rich pollen is available for all
these queens. So you get many intermediate forms between a queen and sterile worker bee
See the book of Charles Darwin, “On the Origin of Species,” chapter “Survival of the Fittest.”
At queen rearing stations all the queens, also the less good ones, are sold.
[ Humans do the same. They multiply also the unhealthy ones. Hence there are so many hospitals
and a huge medical staff is necessary. ]
This is the reason that queen bees do not live 5 years any longer, but for instance only 2 years.
It results in the necessety to renew the queen every year.
Another proof of shortage of protein food, is the cause of CCD.
The lecturer ”Beekeeping” at the Agricultural University, Mr. Joop Beetsma, performed in the
previous century many tests in rearing queens from fertile eggs.
He never succeeded to produce an egg laying fertile queen.
Again the body was correct, but the ovary was no good.
Keep in mind: He never fed with protein rich mother’s milk !
Mother’s milk is an excretion of the so called hypophararyngeal glands of young honey bees.
So again this mother’s milk is the clue to produce fertile queens.
Inbreed on queen bee rearing stations.
A queen bee lives normally for 5 years. All these years she can lay non fertilised eggs.
That means that during 5 years, drones will be produced of the same genetically
make-up. When a bee keeper brings his new born queen to that station, she can be fertilized by
her own father.
Next year the same genetically drone can fertilize his own grand daughter, and so on.
This will certainly weaken the health of the colony and a short lifespan.
Further negative influences of the bee keeper.
Many bee keepers have a way of handling that also influences inbreed.
In a really natural bee colony, the “old queen” will swarm away in the month of May.
Later, when the young queens are born, they will swarm away as well, but the best one is chosen
by the bees and she will return to the hive. [ Charles Darwin: “Survival of the Fittest”.]
The swarming prevents inbreed.
Bee keepers will capture these swarms and return them in the original hive stand, so inbreed and all
the negative results can happen.
Bees collect nectar with adhering pollen. The young bees alter this nectar in honey, to be able to
eat during the winter period, when there are no flowering plants.
Removing honey from the hive is partly Bio-industry, because a bee keeper gives a solution of
sugar in return, without the necessary pollen. This will weaken the colony as well.
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Gene-transplantation as a result of totally poisoned soil.
We are saddled up with thousands of poisons to eliminate all kinds of pests, resulting from plant
improvements. Officially they are not called poisons, but the chemicals are used to protect the
harvest.
Due to the fact that so much poison must be sprayed upon all the improved plants, there are tests
going on to exchange genes and to produce improved plants this way. .
The result of gene-transplantation is, that destroying Nature goes on and on.
As far as our information goes, Green Peace is the only institute that seriously opposes to genetransplantation, but political people lack knowledge about it.
The daily paper “Haarlems Dagblad” of Saturday April 17, 2010. shows a whole page about this
manipulated “Frankenstein” potato food.
Authorities destroy natural seed-producing vegetation to protect the failed, purchased,
mistreated and non fertile plants and trees.
What are the other consequences of plant improvement ?
All governmental trees in our city of Haarlem, in streets as well as in parks, are improved and
cannot supply proper pollen and seeds.
The average lifetime of trees is only 30 years. There is no bio-diversity left.
As long as they cannot produce protein rich seeds, all seed eating birds will not find anything to
eat. They also will not nest or lay eggs and as a result of that, the squirrels will disappear.
They normally feed their offspring with eggs of birds.
Sugars and protein are the source of all life on earth.
This explains also, why eating of pollen is so healthy for people, because we never eat flowers with
pollen. On the other hand it is no good for the bees. [Unfortunately will pollen from improved
catkin bearing trees and grasses, which is unsound, cause hay fever [ Rhinitis ]
The little creatures that are present in the soil, also depend on sugars and protein.
Due to improvement of plants and trees, there is no proper protein falling down on this soil. The
result is, that these little animals are no more present to compost the falling leaves.
This is most probably the real cause of acid soil, and not acid rain as is always mentioned.
This also explains why acid soil is always found in parks only and not in personal gardens.
Plants that do not produce seed cannot produce offspring. You will hardly succeed when you try to
find seedlings in parks.
Compare for instance a rainforest where all plants are fully fertile. It is impenetrable because of all
the seedlings. It is full of beautiful insects, birds, mammals, rodents and so on. There is plenty of
food available for them. No lice and no poison. All plants can withstand plagues.
A park or country estate made by men, in which all trees and plants are improved, is short living,
non fertile, without offspring and no food for animals and lost their resistance against plagues.
Take a walk on the manmade parks as Beeckestein in Velsen or the Schoter forest in Haarlem.
There you will not find any seedlings at all, with exception of Acers. But these were imported from
Canada. and are no part of our own vegetation.
The same situation can be found in the forest “ Haarlemmerhout.”
All animals will become extinct by this governmental policy of sterile trees only, with exception of
beeches.
The periodical “Nature, Science and Technology” of April 2010 reports 5 pages on this catastrophe
with the honey bees.
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However, the cause mentioned, can hardly be true.
They write that a parasite, called Nosema ceranea and Nosema apis is the cause.
Nosema is certainly no parasite.
Both are indeed illnesses of bees, but are caused by unsound pollen.
A bee keeper will recognise Nosema apis because the excrements of young bees will be deposited
on the outside of the hive. It is a kind of diarrhoea.
Nosema ceranea is the same disease, but of another species of bees, that originates in the
Far East.
Nosema illness is always a result and never a cause.
Conclusion:
How can we solve this worldwide problem ?
The problem is that young queens are not capable of laying eggs, due to shortage of pollen from
non improved plants and / or rearing too much queens at stations.
Stop harvesting pollen and stop harvesting Royal Jelly for commercial purposes.
Leave them for the bees where they were meant for.
Bee keepers should realise that the natural situation is much better then the methods of men.
Stop rearing of inferior queen bees and stop selling them.
Stop rearing of inferior plants and trees.
All plants should not be improved any more, but raised from seed, produced on natural plants.
That was the excellent situation during millions of years, when men did not intervene.
The pollen of not improved catkin bearing plants and grasses , will solve the cause of hay fever
[Rhinites] as well. Hay fever occurs only in area’s where plants are manipulated, Much in western
Germany but not in East Bayern.. There is hardly any agriculture .and all conifers are raised from
seed. Perfect pollen grains falling on the soil will result in much better conditions for little
creatures to solve the problem of acid soil.
Bee keepers and teachers should know much more about Nature and not only be interested in
gaining honey.
The public should also know much more about Nature and all the Societies and Foundations
should be very angry and take care that authorities take adequate measures.
As long as the public, the societies and foundations like KNNV, IVN, Green Peace, Milieu
Defence, Nature Monuments, and so on, are not interested in destroying natural plants and
animals, it will end up in destroying the earth itself.
Early in springtime the hives appear to be empty, which is caused by commercial queen bee
rearing, as well as by the improvement of plants and trees, selling Pollen and Royal Jelly.
The poisoning of natural vegetation destroys their necessary natural habitat as well.
The reproductive season is in summer. Then a new queen will be born, which will take over the
egg laying tasks of the ‘old’ queen, that survived the winter.
In this case this is also the situation, but the new queen will not be able to lay normal eggs.
The incapability develops in the larva phase of the queen, due to unsound pollen.
The result is, that in the autumn, the dying bees of the “old” queen will not be substituted by new
born ones. During the wintertime the hive will become empty.
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Appendix I.
Mostly from TV by National Geographic Institute., 2008. Silence of the Honeybees.
The CCD in the fruit district “Betuwe” is about 50%.
Bee keeper, Henk Meulenbelt in Nieuw Leusden, had 400 colony’s, but in the year 2006, he had 96
colony’s left. Next year 140 colony’s died of his 180 colony’s.
Bee keeper Dave Hackenberg in the USA lost 70 % of his thousands of colony’s in 2006.
The following big commercial bee keepers had great losses:
Bret Adee; Dave Mendes; Lost Hills Apiary; Tom Theobald; Mike Thorlow; Marthe Kearney;
Messages from England:
Orlando Clarke; Steve Hunter; Norman Carreck; James Erskine;
Australia: Terry Brown.
France: Jean Paucton.
Spain / Andalusia: Many thousands of colony’s empty.
The following Universities / Laboratory’s researched { without success }
Dennis Engelsdorp, State Apiarist, Pennsylvania.
Dr. Jeff Pettis, US Dept. of Apiculture.
Martha Spivak, Prof. of Apiculture, University of Minnesota.
Maryann Frasier, Penn. State University.
National Bee Unit, York.
Steve Hunter, DEFRA.
Denia Anderson, Ph.D. Scientist.
Francis Ratnieks, Prof. of Apiculture, University of Sussex.
Oxford Scientific [ O.S.F.]
The A.I. Root Company, Dorling Kindersley.
I.N.A. France.
Gene Robinson, Ph.D. Biologist, University of Illinois at U.C.
May Berenbaum, Ph.D. entomologist, University of Illinois at U.C.
Dianna Cox Foster, Ph.D. State University.
Mr. Geene and Andrew Drysdale of Laboratory of Columbia University.
Pennsylvania Dept. of Agriculture – Harrisburg.
Axel Decourtye, Lyon, France.
University of Cordoba – Spain.
Alexandra Maria Klein en colleges of the University of Göttingen
Tjeerd Blacquière of Plant Research International
Biologist Benjamin Oldroyd, Australia. [PLoS Biology]
Peter Neumann, Swiss. SBRC.
The Professional Journal ‘Science’, January 2010.
Kim Flottum, Professional Journal ‘Bee Culture’.
Professional Journal, ‘Nature, Science and Technology’ of April 2010.
Persons and institutes, Arte TV film Das Geheimnis der sterbende Bienen. may 2010.
www.Arte. TV/Bienen
www.Arte. TV/plus7
Bernard Vaissiere, Institute Laboratoire de pollination, INRA Avignon France
Thomas Kausch
A film of Mark Daniels.
Bert Hogan, imker Ontario Kanada.
Peter Kevan, entomologiste, Universität Guelph, Kanada.
Richard Adee. American Honey Producers Association.
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US Honey bee disappearance, House Agriculture Subcommittee.
Rémi Brun, Imker St. Rémi de Provance
Tean Brun, Apiculteur St. Rémi de Provence.
Yves le Conte, Institut für Bienenbiologie und Bienen. INRA Avignon.
Graham Whik, Entomologe Apiculteur Ecosse Scotland.
Gene Robinson, Genetiker Illinois USA.
Tibor Szabo Imker Ontario Kanada. + Junior züchting Koninginnen.
Mark Winston, Entomologiste Toronto Kanada.
Willie Robson, imker Ecosse Scotland.
Laurance Packer, Entomologiste. UNI York Kanada.
Paul Ehrlich, Institut für Naturschutz, biologie, Stanford USA.
Joe Taylor, Bienenhändler, Bakersfield USA.
Rob Baker, Paramount Farming Company, Bakersfield, USA.
John Miller, Apiculteur Gackle USA.
Ron Spears, Apiculteur Hespera USA.
Fran Eischen, Biologist dept. d’Apiculture USA.
Christoph Koch. Imker Oppenau Deutsland.
Horst Körkel, Landwirt Oppenau, Germany
Peter Hauk, Minister d ‘Agiculture, Landwirtschafts minister.
Azmin Trenkle, Landwirtschaft Augustenberg, Direkteur Dept. des Enquères Chimigue,
Karlsruhe Allemagne
Henry Clement. Apiculteur. Präsident Imkerverbands UNAE ???
Experience de laboratoire INRA. Avignon 1998 Labor Versuch.
Labor Versuch, Padua 2009, Italy.
Randolf Menzel, Neurobiologe Freie Universtät Berlin
Luc Belzunces, Laboratoire Toxologie INRA Avignon, France
Most of the mentioned Institutes, Laboratories and Universities will receive this report by E-mail
We kindly ask them to copy this report and send it to all beekeepers they know.
All these instances and persons researched on bees in summertime. They will never succeed.
The disappeared bees in springtime do not live in summer. !!!!!!!!!
The real problem is the sterile queen The disappeared bees were never born
It is necessary to research on pollen of crossed plants and trees.
A personal request:
This report is free of charge. We hope to be of assistance to solve the worldwide problem of
the disappearing bees After 33 years of beekeeping, the same happened to us.
The research on this item did cost more than was in possession of the Bijenstichting.
So, donations will be kindly accepted.
J.C.R. van den Bergh; Bank: ABN-AMRO 52 90 26 503 The Netherlands.
The ‘Bijenstichting’ wanted to know why bees can see Ultra Violet light and researched on
that. Both good nectar and pollen became phosphorescent when illuminated with U.V. light.
This also explains why bees fly to a tree and do not land on flowers when there is no pollem
or nectar anymore.
We used a lamp of 360 nanometer with big capacity. Color slides were made.
The pollen and the propolis tincture we bought in 2010 did not give this reaction any more.
13
Appendix II
The ovary’s of two different queen bees, drawn by Jan Swammerdam in the year 1673.
From the original book, “Biblia Natura”, published by Boerhave, in 1735.
Each queen has double ovaries. The drawing shows only one ovary of a perfect queen on the right
side. On the left side an ovary of a manmade queen. is drawn.
This ovary is not fully grown and can never produce eggs.
In summer, bees of the “old” queen will not be substituted by new born ones.
The result is an empty hive in springtime.
Fig. II. Ovary. Fig. III seen with a magnifying glass: a. [right] Ovary with countless Fallopian
tubes of a fertile queen. c. [left] Ovary with deformed Fallopian tubes of a queen raised
artificially.. Fig. V b. An egg. Fig. I. Part of the heart. Fig. IV. Ovary of a wasp.
14
Appendix III
Literature: in the Dutch language
Jan Swammerdam 1637-1680
J.Beetsma
H.H.W. Velthuis / M.J.Duchateau
Dr. C. van Hemert
Johan Schotman, origineel E.B.
Wedmore
Karl Von Frisch
James L.Gould / Carol G. Gould
R.P.Groeneveld
J.P.Kaas / A. de Ruijter
O.Goens & J.Maes
H.J. van Gool
J.J.Speelziek
Speelziek / Beetsma / Velthuis e.a.
Vele wetenschappers
J.E.Parlevliet
Dr. Ir. G.A.M. van Marrewijk
Bert Maes
Gewasbeschermingsgids 1989
Biblia Natura
College Bijenkunde, Entomologie
Koninginneteelt
Veredeling van de honingbij, Apis
mellifera, in Nederland.
Handboek der moderne bijenteelt.
Bijenteelt
De Honingbij
De Honingbij
Het grote Bijenboek
Pollen analyse
Geschiedenis der Bijenteelt
Bijenhouden met succes
Beste Bijen
Imkers Encyclopedie
Populatie biologie
Ing. .J.C.R. van den Bergh
Basiscursus Plantenveredeling
Orientatie op plantenveredeling
Inheemse bomen en struiken.
Handboek bestrijding ziekten en plagen.
575 pagina’s.
Waarom kunnen bijen UV licht zien?
Ing. J.C.R. van den Bergh
Terreinkennis van bijen.
Ing. J.C.R. van den Bergh
Broedgedrag in de winter; het eieren
leggen en kannibalisme.
Ing. J.C.R. van den Bergh
Voedseltransport van honingkamer naar
het broed, midden in de winter.
Ing. J.C.R. van den Bergh
Bijenvolk gehuisvest in een karkas van
een koe.
Ing. J.C.R. van den Bergh /
A. Alderliefste
Cursus Bijenkunde
Published by Boerhave, 1735
Universiteit Wageningen
Universiteit Utrecht. 1983
Consulentschap voor
insectenbestuiving, 1987
G.W. Breughel. 1978
Het Spectrum 1978
Natuur & Techniek 1988
J.B.Wolters, Groningen 1961
Ambrosiushoeve, Hilvarenbeek.
Maurits van Coppenolle.
W.E.J. Tjeenk Willink 1968
V.B.B.N. 1978
Zomer & Keuning 1987
Centrum Landbouwpublicaties
Wageningen 1975
L.U. Wageningen. 1993
L.U. Wageningen, 1993
Boom-Amsterdam 2006
Plantenziektekundige Dienst,
Wageningen.
Dia registratie en verslag van ca. 150
bloemen. Bij UV zonlicht wordt
zowel nectar als stuifmeel
fosforiserend. 1996
Dia-registratie en verslag van
gemerkte bijen zonder
dansinformatie.. 1996
De koningin legt ca. 15 eitjes per
dag, maar de larven worden bij
koude weer opgegeten. 1980 / 1981
Macro-fotografie bij gesloten
ingesneeuwde kasten.
Speciale apparatuur. 1980 / 1981
Naar aanleiding van platen uit de
oudheid. 1998 – 2003.
Dia registratie en verslag.
Het Skelet; de Oriëntatie; de
Navigatie; het Gezichtsvermogen; de
Ademhaling; de Bloedsomloop; de
Poten; de Angel; de Klieren; de
Spijsvertering; de Voortplanting .
Literature in the English
language:
F.N. Briggs
E.F. Phillips Ph.D
A.I. & E.R. Root
Willem Jan Boot
Dorothy Hodges
A.P. de Groot
Introduction to plant breeding
Beekeeping
ABC and XYZ of Beeculture
Invasion of Varroa mites into honeybee
broodcells.
The pollenloads of the honeybee.
Protein and Amino acid requirements of
the honeybee.
Reinholt Publishing Corp. 1967
The Macmillan Comp. 1946
Medina, A.I. Root Comp. 1917
L.U. Wageningen.
Bee research Association, London.
University of Utrecht, 1953
15
E.A. Goewie
Mr Hilliers
Charles R.Darwin
Charles R.Darwin / R.E. Leakey
J. Beetsma
John B. Free
Several Universities USA.
Regulation of caste differentiation on the
honeybee.
Manual of Trees and Shrubs, page 3
“Clone”
On the Origin of Species
Chapter: Survival of the Fittest.
Illustrated Origin of Species.
Chapter 4, page 75. Natural Selection;
Survival of the Fittest.
The process of queen-worker
differentiation in the honeybee.
The Social Organisation of Honeybees.
A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in
Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.
L.U. Wageningen. 1978
David & Charles; Newton Abbot.
1979. Faber & Faber, London.
Bee World 60. : 24 – 39 1979.
The Institute of Biology’s Studies.
Sciencexpress 6 September 2007.
Appendix IV
The team of the Bijenstichting. E-mail [email protected]
Dhr.Dr. F.J. Albers.
Dhr. ing. J.C.R. van den Bergh
Dhr. drs. M.R. van den Bergh
Dhr. D. Root
Dhr. H. van Schagen
Dhr. H. Wijnbelt
Dhr. F. Th. Nowack
Ph.D. Medical Biology. Chairman Volkssterrenwacht
Copernicus.
Secretary for the Bijenstichting . International Research.
Bee keeper. 25 years chairman Beekeeping Association.
“Imkersgilde Jan Swammerdam”
Human movement scientist.
Bee keeper./ second secretary Bijenstichting.
Bee keeper.
Beekeeper, researcher.
Beekeeper, South/West Germany.
As in springtime all the bees were disappeared, the owner of this beautiful farmhouse stopped
beekeeping. It is situated in South / West of Germany, a much agricultural area.
In Western Germany many honeybee queens are artificially reared. Photo: Frank Nowack.