SUKUNAN Village

COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
in Sukunan Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
ISWANTO
Polytechnic of Health, Yogyakarta
Email: [email protected], Mobile: +6281578755703
NEW PARADIGM OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
before
Collect – Transport Dispose
Approaches:
Waste Mana End of pipe
gement Act.
 Government service
(No.18/2008)
Effects:
 increasing waste +++
crisis of landfill space
 more pollution
 bad behavior
 more cost, less benefit
after
Reduce –Reuse–
Recycle (3Rs)
Approches:
 Reducing in sources
 Community participation
Goal:
 reducing waste
 long life of landfill +++
 less pollution
 good behavior
 less cost, more benefit
MSW Management Mechanism (mostly)
 all solid waste goes to landfill
Modern life style  disposable things  amount of waste
“Suka menyampah, tetapi
tidak mau mengolah”
Waste tragedy in Bandung (Feb 21st, 2006)
 No space for landfill
WASTE
PROBLEMS
(pollutants)
POTENTIONS
(resources)
Integrated waste management system by community
(group/village) productively and environmental friendly
COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CBSWM)
CO-BENEFIT
(Economic, Ecological, Human Health, etc.)
ADVANTAGES for
(community, government, private, etc.)
 CASE STUDY OF CBSWM IN SUKUNAN VILLAGE 
Welcome to Sukunan
“the eco-tourism village”
Location of
the Sukunan Village
Sukunan
Village
SUKUNAN Village :
- a sub-urban village
- 5 km from city center
- surrounded by rice field
- 296 families
- 1117 people
- 40% are farmers
Sukunan is surrounded by rice field
History of
the Sukunan Program
ISWANTO
RONADEVA
ENDAH
RIFDAFADLILLAH
My family has been living in Sukunan since 1997
First, we met waste problem, Sukunan has not gotten
the waste management service from local Government
Rubbish was found anywhere.
In 2000, some farmers complained to the villagers
who disposed their waste into the rivers and the irigation canals
It’s the first waste problem for community
Inorganic solid waste destroyed rice plants .
Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) disposed anywhere
More than 90% of Sukunan people burnt all their garbage everyday
Social conflicts
were often arose
from Waste
Who dump the waste
here…..!!
 will die soon
 will go to the hell
 will be stupied
 will be poor
COWS WERE PLACED
NEAR KITCHENS
 SMELL AND MANY
FLIES
SOME HOUSEHOLDS (± 40) HAD NO TOILET
SOME PEOPLE USED RIVER AND IRIGATION CANALS AS TOILETS
 WATER IN SOME WELLS WERE CONTAMINATED E.coli
EVERY YEAR.....
SOME COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
EMERGED IN SUKUNAN
 diarrhea
dengue fever
 typhoid
 some other intestine diseases
Bad behaviour
and
wrong manage
the waste
Dangerous for
public health
and
environment
needed environmental friendly
waste management system
I was in
confusion
Needed
an Agent
of Change
Looked for Solution
MOVE ON
collaboratiON
visiON
actiON
passiON
education
rule
leadership
GOAL
Needed
multiple
approaches
Healthy & ecology
EcONOMy
social
as a Javanese  I HELD A LEADERSHIP BASED ON
JAVANESE PHILOSHOPY
 Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho (lead in front)
 a leader must become as a model
(good example) for community
 Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (among the
people)
 a leader must work together with
community
 talk less, do more
 Tut Wuri Handayani (lead from behind)
 a leader must support the
community development
 Seko sithik, seko awake dhewe, seko
saiki
 (begin small, begin myself, begin now)
“think globally, act locally”
“HAMEMAYU HAYUNING BAWONO”
“the villagers join hands to save the earth”
Learnt from Scavengers
Learnt from Scavengers in the Final Disposal Site
Almost all
garbage
is recyclable
material
after
separating
by
scavengers
From the study... with my daughter, I wrote a poetry……………
BALADA SEONGGOK SAMPAH
karya Iswanto - Ronadeva
AKU LAHIR KARENA KAMU, AKU ADA JUGA KARENA KAMU,
I was born because of you, I was on the earth because of you,
SETIAP HARI ENGKAU HASILKAN AKU, SETIAP HARI PULA ENGKAU CAMPAKKAN AKU
Everyday you make me, Everyday you also throw me.
BETAPA MALANG NASIBKU JADI SEONGGOK SAMPAH; SELALU DIJAUHI, DIHINA DAN DISIA-SIAKAN.
What a pity of me becoming a pile of rubbish, always avoided, humiliated and wasted,
BETAPA SEDIH DITAKDIRKAN JADI SETUMPUK SAMPAH; DIANGGAP BIANG BENCANA DAN MUSIBAH
What a sorrow predestined as a pile of rubbish,deemed the cause of calamities
SALAH SENDIRI ENGKAU BUANG AKU KE KALI, HINGGA AKU KIRIMKAN BANJIR BERTUBI-TUBI,
It’s your own fault throwing me to rivers, so I send flood and flood,
SALAH SENDIRI KAU BAKAR AKU SEMBARANGAN,HINGGA AKU TEBARKAN RACUN PENCEMARAN,
It’s your own fault burning me carelessly, so I spread poisons and fumes,
SALAH SENDIRI ENGKAU BUANG AKU DI TEPI JALAN, HINGGA AKU MUNCULKAN KEKUMUHAN,
It’s your own fault throwing me to streets, so I give you a dirty and slum
SALAH SENDIRI KAU BUANG AKU DISEMBARANG TEMPAT, HINGGA AKU SEBARKAN LALAT DAN BAU MENYENGAT
It’s your own fault throwing me anywhere,so I attract flies and smell bad.
TIDAK MAMPUKAH WAHAI ENGKAU MANUSIA? MENGELOLA AKU DENGAN SEBAIK-BAIKNYA,
Can’t you do this, human being? Treat me very well
TIDAK SADARKAN WAHAI ENGKAU MANUSIA? ADA MUTIARA DALAM SEONGGOK SAMPAH.
Don’t you aware this, human being? There is a diamond behind a pile of rubbish.
Emerged an idea to separate and recycle waste
Solid Waste
Separated
Sellable Waste
Sold to Middleman,
Thus to Industries
Recyclable and
Reusable Waste
(Recycled
by Community)
Prevention & Reduce
Recycling Products
Sold
Income
for Community
Unsellable
Unrecyclable &
Un-reusable
Waste
Income for Community
Residual Waste
Landfill
I looked for an appropriate
composting method
My wife created handicrafts
from plastic waste
Implemented the idea into family
(ing ngarso sung tulodho)
Proposing the idea to “night watch” group
I confused to realize the idea
to community
I had no money to buy the
recyling facilities
I wrote a proposal and proposed to the
local government.... but failed
I proposed again...and failed again.....
Finally... I got a donor (a family from
Melbourne, Australia)
After got the donor..... I proposed the idea to community,
established a vision of the village, and built a strong commitment
Establishing Waste Management Team
(LOCAL NGO for Managing Solid Waste in Sukunan Village)
Socialization the system to women by local people
Socialization to Youth by their leader
Socialization to Children by youth
Training how to make compost to children
Training how to recycle paper to children
Training how to separate the waste to children by playing game
(organized by youth)
Clean up the Sukunan Village with Children (monthly)
Educating how to separate the waste to each household (door to door)
(counducted by sukunan team)
Socialization by song
(created by sukunan people)
KELOLA SAMPAH
(Reuse Lagu Menanam Jagung, Syair : Iswanto)
Ayo kawan kelola sampah
Dengan tiga R dan pilah-pilah
Kurangi sampah, manfaatkan sampah,
Ayo semua recycle sampah kita,
Pisah, pisah, pisahlah sampah
Jalan terbaik kelola sampah
Olah, olah, olahlah sampah
Jalan terbaik kelola sampah
Socialization by poetry
Socialization by mural
(made by youth)
My wife & her friends
trained to make
plastic waste handicrafts
Bins preparation by the Community
(youth, women and men)
Seeking old drums, welding, and
painting the bins
Mural competition
(collaboration with othe NGO)
Emerging sense of belonging to
the program
Placing three bins per collecting point (on 22 sites) by youth
Bins were ready. One set (3 bins) for 10 – 15 families
Sukunan community made the waste management rules
and campaigned 3R for reducing “the residual waste”
Implementation of
the Solid Waste Management System
in Sukunan Community
Tom 09/05
Separate rubbish in each house
1) PLASTIC,
2) PAPER,
3) BOTTLE, CANS, GLASS, METAL
from houses to bins
from bins to the garbage deepo by a collector (weekly)
PICKING BY SACK
PAPER
BOTTLE, CANS
METAL,GLASS
GARBAGE DEEPO
PLASTIC
Bimonthly the recyclable waste is sold to the buyer
(middleman)  ± 85% of all inorganic waste can be sold
the money from selling rubish goes to waste collector and community
(Sukunan villagers do not need to pay for waste management)
 the Waste Bank Model
From Houses to The Waste Bank
Saving the Waste in the Community Bank
Weigh (accounting)  each type of the waste
Recording and Reporting by the waste bank staffs
from the waste bank to the customers (community)
But ...............
 Some Solid Wastes couldn’t be sold
disposable sanitary napkin
snack/coffee pacs (plastic + aluminium foil)
car/motor bike tyre
 ex cloth
 styrofoam
 organic waste
 etc.
Solution : 3R
REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
Reducing Rubbish Campaign
Don’t use
disposable diapers
daily
Bring shoping bag
from home
Say no
to styrofoam box!
Use reusable sanitary napkins !
Sukunan Women Created Reusable Sanitary Napkins
to reduce the solid waste
The “SUKUNO” : Su = good; Kuno = ancient
Back to ancient habit using cloth for women napkins
The Sukunan women made plastic waste handicrafts
cleaning and setting process
Sewing process
in each maker house
The products
School Bags
Chair
Motor Bike
Pillows
NOODLE PACKS FOR COVER TABLE
EX.PLASTIC BAGs
FOR
COVER BOOKS &
REUSABLE BAGS (IRON
METHOD)
EX. PLASTIC BAGS FOR
FLOWERS
(iron method)
SELL THE RECYCLING HANDICFRAFTS
(70% :Maker, 25% : Material, 2.5% : Village, 2.5% : Saving)
Sukunan children and women made handicrafts and
recycled paper waste
Sukunan women made handicraft from cloth scrap
Chairs from ex. Tires
When Earthquake devastated Yogyakarta,
included SUKUNAN (May 27th , 2006)
Many houses were ruined……………
Needed materials to rebuild house
Emerged idea to use the styrofoam waste as rebuilding material
Grinding the styrofoam into granule
Mixing with other materials
by composition (1 PC : 3 sands : 3 styrofoam) + water
For making styrofoam bricks
Some houses were built from styrofoam
For making styrofoam pots
BROKEN GLASS FOR MAKING BRICKS
(1 PC : 3 SANDS : 2 GRANULE GLASS )
USING BOTTLE GLASS FOR HANDICRAFTS
Sukunan people created handicraft from eggshell
Implementation of compost making
in each household
Clay pots for composting bin
Sukunan’s composting bin models
USING BIO-POROUS FOR COMPOSTING
10 cm
ORGANIC
WASTE
80-100 cm
Biopori
MAKING
BIOPORI
BIOPORI
DOUBLE FUNCTIONS
 COMPOSTING
 RAIN HARVESTING
COMPOST MAKING FROM LEAVES
AND COWS MANURE
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING ON
THE GROUND
DRY LEAVES
FRESH LEAVES
MIXING 1 : 1 : 1
& WATERING
COWS MANURE
COMPOSTING IN
THE SACS
WORK TOGETHER (gotong royong) FOR HARVESTING COMPOST
PACKAGING AND SELLING COMPOST
USING THE COMPOST/FERTILIZER
Making and selling the composting facilities
MAKING CACOAL (BRIKET ARANG) FROM HARD
ORGANIC WATSE BY PIROLYSIS METHOD
ARANG RANTING
ARANG DAUN
PROCCESSING
COAL
PRODUCTS
CACOAL POWDER
LIQUID GLUE
DRY AND USE IT FOR COOKING
LOCALIZED COWS IN THE COMMUNAL STABLE
TREATING THE CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE
DISAIN DIGESTER BIOGAS MODEL DOME
CATTLE MANURE +
WATER = (1:1)
 150 – 200 L/DAY
GAS PIPE
FOR COOKING
FOR LAMP
METHANE
INLET
EFFLUENT (SLUDGE)
FOR FERTILIZER
SLURRY
OUTLET
DIGESTER
METHANE FOR COOKING, LAMP & FERTILIZER
Socialization to other communities
Many stakeholders
spread the Sukunan
model by some movies
to over all areas
of Indonesia
from Sukunan to Yogyakarta and Indonesia
more than 197 villages in Yogyakarta Province has replicated
the Sukunan Model
Established :
Yogyakarta Community Based Solid Waste Management Association
“MERTI BUMI LESTARI”
In 2009
Anniversary of the Indonesia “Waste Care Day”
(every February, 21st) in Yogyakarta Province
Amount of CBSWM Group vs. Residual Waste
100
93
91.13
90
82.75
thousand ton/year
80
67
70
65.17
60
Residual Solid
Waste Volume
(thousand
ton/year)
Amount of
CBSWM Group
50
40
30
27
20
10
0
2008
2009
Year
2010
Sukunan got trophies, awards & rewards from
Environment Ministry RI & Women Empowerment Ministry RI, 2004
Sukunan became one of best practices of CBSWM in Indonesia, 2006
Invited by President of Republic of Indonesia (2004)
DEVELOPING
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRAMS
1. Waste water treatment
2. Appropriate environment technologies
innovation
3. Saving energy
4. Water conservation
5. Re-greening
6. Etc.
30 HOUSEHOLDS
GREY AND BLACK WATER
inlet
RBC
outlet
Sedimentation
Anaerobic Filter
Settling
TOILET PROBLEM SOLVING
MAKING THE COMMUNAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES IN 5 SITES
 TREAT THE GREY & BLACK WATER FROM 150 HOUSEHOLDS
WASTE WATER FROM
30 HOUSES
TOILETS,
KITCHEN,
LAUNDRY,
WASHING/BATHROOM, Etc
(Black & Grey Water)
Communal Waste Water
Treatment Design
(Anaerobic Filter & Rotating
Biological Contactor)
RBC
INLET
OUTLET
Sedimentasi
Anaerobic Filter
Settling
30 Households
Other design
(Anaerobic Filter &
Contact Aeration)
Black & Grey Water
Blower
INLET
OUTLET
Sedimentasi
Anaerobic Filter
Contact Aeration
Settling
Treating
the urine of human
to liquid fertilizer
ventilasi
urinoir
Stabilisasi
dan
aktivasi
mikroba
Fermentasi
(masa
tinggal > 5
hari)
Aerasi
(masa tinggal
> 1 hari)
HIDROPONIK
PUPUK
CAIR
kotoran sapi
pompa
URINOIC (LIQUID FERTILIZER) FOR
VEGETABLES (HYDROPONIC SYSTEM)
ORGANIC VEGETABLE
RAIN
HARVESTING
RAIN
WATER
+ SCREEN
STORAGE +
CHLORINE
OVER FLOW
FISH
POND
FOR WASHING
PLANTS
SAVING
WATER
IN THE
GROUND
WATER CONSUMPTION
EFFICIENCY :
Using simple shower
Made from PVC Pipe
 Community could
make it themselves
ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY
MY DAUGHTER AND I CREATED WATER HEATER ON STOVE
 double function for cooking & water heater
Sun Light Harvesting
for Energi Saving in Each House
Using vegetable & fruit traditional
storage (clay pots) “natural refrigerator”
fresh longer (2-3 days)
(producted by Tracy)
Making and placing Chlorine Diffuser in the water storage
water become safe from E.coli contaminated
 community could make it themselves
Making and placing ovitraps
to eliminate dengue fever
cases
reducing Aedes aegypti
population
Water conversations by re-greening program
Water conservation to prevent water crisis
in dry season
Planting some type of fruits
Planting “Red Ginger” (herbal)
Herbal Gardens
Effects of the Program
Many people from overall of Indonesia & some countries in
the World visited Sukunan:
Emerged a new vision of the village in 2008:
“SUKUNAN GOES TO THE ECO-TOURISM VILLAGE”
500 – 600 people/month visit to Sukunan
Traditional dance “kuda lumping”
Visitors learning gamelan
Traditional culture to save the earth
Visitors buying any recycle products
Training to recycle any waste
Training by local people
Field study from many schools and universities
Farming tourism
Visiting Environment Ministry of Indonesia
Sukunan as Pioneer of Cilmate Change Village in Indonesia in 2012)
RESULTS OF THE SUKUNAN’S COMMUNITY BASED
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CBSWM) PROGRAM
• Community awareness for managing the waste and
re-greening is improved;
 Rubbish Burning Habit is Reduced
 Waste Separation and Recycling Habit are
Established
 Many plants are planted
• Waste volume could be recycled and reduced
• Environmental quality and public health are improved
• Economic benefits for community (income generating)
• Sukunan CBSWM is become a model in Indonesia