the brochure - Remembrance Trails in Northern France

NORTHERN
FRANCE
The Remembrance
Trails 14 - 18
4 Trails
Discover the sites
and events
of the Great War.
S. Dhote
Contents
The First World War Remembrance Trails take in the sites and memorials which encapsulate the momentous events that took
place in Northern France at the beginning of the last century. Behind the peaceful beauty of every site lies the gripping story
of a soldier, a regiment, a battle or a place.
Canadian National
Vimy Memorial
This brochure provides historical and practical information about thirty-six major sites which can be found on four easy-to-follow
trails. Follow the Remembrance Trails and discover how the conflicts of the 20th century marked the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
Editorials
1 - The Western Front................................................. p. 4
The First World War Remembrance Trails
Two world wars have conferred upon the
in Northern France are the fruit of a vast
region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais a wealth of
programme initiated by the Regional Council
heritage in the form of military cemeteries,
to honour the sacrifice made by previous
war memorials and archaeological remains.
generations who fought to ensure that peace,
This heritage is the silent and poignant reminder
freedom and a sense of fraternity would one
of the events which shaped these conflicts.
day reign over Europe.
The purpose of the First World War
Far from being backward-looking and
Remembrance Trails in Northern France is to
nostalgic, this initiative is proof of our concern
provide the public with an insight into some
for the world of today and provides us with
of the major events of world history and to pay
much to reflect upon as we build the world
tribute to the men and women from around
of tomorrow.
the globe who made the ultimate sacrifice.
Mr Daniel PERCHERON
Senator for Pas-de-Calais
Chairman of Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Regional Council
Mrs Régine SPLINGARD
Regional councillor
Chairwoman of Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Regional Tourist Board
2 - The war of movement
and the first German occupation........... p. 10
3 - The Allies’ logistics base
on the Channel coast. .................................... p. 14
4 - Post-war reconstruction. .............................. p. 16
Photo Credits: S. Dhote - E. Roose - A.S. Flament - P. Morès
3
A.S. Flament
Richebourg
Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial
In October 1914 the British Army in Flanders was reinforced
with troops arriving from India who would take part in a
number of battles in the region, including the Battle of
Neuve-Chapelle (1915) where 4,047 men of the Indian
Corps were lost. With its 15-metre high column flanked
by two tigers and topped with the Star of India, the
Neuve‑Chapelle Memorial is the only place of remembrance
on the Western Front to commemorate the sacrifice made
by Indian soldiers during the Great War.
Rue Delval
59249 FROMELLES
Today, the numerous military cemeteries which punctuate the region are testament to the fierceness of these battles,
the provenance of the men who fought them, and the miserable conditions soldiers of both sides endured in the trenches.
Crossroads between
Route d’Estaires and
Rue du Bois (RD 171)
62136 RICHEBOURG
2
One of the most beautiful Commonwealth cemeteries
Encircled by a moat and crowned with weeping willows,
Le Trou Aid Post Cemetery is one of the most beautiful
Commonwealth cemeteries in the region and the last resting
place of 356 soldiers who fell on the “Forgotten Front“.
Although outside the most important strategic areas, the
front between Armentières and La Bassée nevertheless saw
numerous minor operations which were very costly in terms
of human life: Le Maisnil in 1914, Aubers and Loos in 1915,
and Fromelles in 1916.
I Jz
er
N 369
Richebourg
La Bassée
D 91
6
11 12
Mont-Saint-Eloi
10
Monchy-le-Preux
14
E 17
4-
0
N6
48
N
Hébuterne
6
93
ld
Assevent
D 936
la S
D 962
re
amb
Maroilles
Flesquières
Caudry
Le CateauCambrésis
Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Ors
Les Rues-des-Vignes
Trélon
- E 19
17
Combles
7
29
Longueval
D 101
01
10
D
D9
A2
D 64
3
Fourmies
Wassigny
Canal de S
D
Albert
Villers-Bocage
Bapaume
40
FRAN
NCE
CAMBRAI
D9
N 25
18
17
-E1
5
Beaumont-Hamel
Serre-Puisieux
19
5
Maubeuge
Le Quesnoy
63
0
16
0
D 9933
Acheuxen-Amiénois
-E
Bouchain
D
Bullecourt
Doignies
Grévillers
Bavay
D 649
Aubignyau-Bac
Héninel
D 91
9
D
92
8
N
Feignies
t
4
D 93
Bernaville
N 90
Valenciennes
Denain
15
Ayette
Mons
(Bergen)
N 455
5
Pozières
Hallencourt
Lewarde
0
7
-E1
40
2
Douai
D 95
Saint-Laurent-Blangy
Athies
A 26
-E
Wallers
3
64
A 16
Raismes
Cuincy
99339
Domart-enPonthieu
2
40
Marchiennes
Vis-en-Artois
D
N2
A7
St-Amand-les-Eaux
D
Ailly-le-HautClocher
Condésur-l'Escaut
A 23
D 938
HéninBeaumont
Vimy 9
Thélus
Souchez
Doullens
Picardie
Abbeville
-E
28
A1
de
7
A 21
Aix-Noulette
34
1
91
Harnes
D 93
Liévin
Lens
D 917
Frivillescarbotin
Sc
h
D 617
N 47
D
Neuville-Saint-Vaast
Auxi-le-Château
D 925
7
A2
D
19
ev
ille
A
La Louvière
0
N2
8
6
Loos-en-Gohelle
01
Ablain-Saint-Nazaire
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
Saint-Valerysur-Somme
bb
56
A 16
uN
ord
A 16 - E 402
D 929
Nouvion
d'A
N6
N
sc
au
D3
41
D9
13 ARRAS
me
N7
N5
Crécy-en-Ponthieu
ari
ti
Tournai
(Doornik)
A 27 - E 42
M
7
la C
anc
he
Hesdin
429
Ath
(Aat)
Villeneuved'Ascq
Annoeullin
A 1 - E 17
Noeux-les-Mines
Bruay-laBuissière
Houdain
94
3
la Sca rpe
Gamaches
LILLE
-E
la
Azincourt
Rang-duFliers
A8
Seclin
a
el
al d
Can
Béthune
Fressin
Montreuil-sur-Mer
Ca
na
lM
Roubaix
N 55
Saint-Josse
Rue
Tourcoing
Wattrelos
Fruges
Merlimont
Merlimont
94
0
Aubers
D 941
Ronse
(Renaix)
Mouscron
(Moeskroen)
9
2
Lillers
3
Fromelles
De
ûle
15
43
Lomme
Fleurbaix
A.S. Flament
el
Marcqen-Baroeul
Lambersart
5
94
Vieille-Chapelle
D
D
N 32
02
E4
16
-
A
Manche
D 12
6
16
-E
D9
D
N8
N 50
D9
4 5
Busnes
A 26
D 901
6
D 12
9
A
4
2
la Lys
Aire-sur-la-Lys
Nord - Pas de Calais
Hucqueliers
Wambrechies
Armentières
Saint-Venant
Sainte-Cecile-Plage
BerckBercksur-Mer
sur-Mer
Wervicq-Sud
Ploegsteert
Steenwerck
8
92
Fauquembergues
Stella-Plage
Stella-Plage
Comines
D
Méteren
D 642
Lumbres
Hardelot
D 93
Messen
(Messines)
Bailleul
Hazebrouck
Desvres
Dannes
Etaples-sur-Mer
Oudenaarde
(Audenarde)
N 42
D
A 10
Kortrijk
(Courtrai)
Menen
Menen
(Menin)
(Menin)
Kemmel
Kemmel
3
93
Arques
Saint-Etienne-au-Mont
e Touquetaris-Plage
D
Godewaersvelde
5
N 36
SAINT-OMER
Wimille
Saint-Martin-Boulogne
Leie
A 19
Steenvoorde
Cassel
Clairmarais
Wimere u x
BOULOGNESUR-MER
Ieper
leper
leper
(Ypres)
(Ypres)
Watten
Houlle
Licques
Wimereux
N 38
N 47
Poperinge
94
3
N9
Passchendaele
42
D
Sl ack
1
Wormhout
r
l'Yse
La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés
Roeselare
(Roulers)
13
Langemark
8
ais
Tournehemsur-la-Hem
Marquise
N
N
Audinghen
N3
-
Audruicq
15
Ardres
4
-E
Guînes
25
36
Wissant
Tardinghen
Maintenay
Lakenhalle (Cloth Hall)
Grote Markt 34
8900 IEPER (YPRES)
BELGIUM
Tel. +32 (0)57 239220
www.inflandersfields.be
Ca l
A
N
l de
Cana
l'Aa
A.S. Flament
Hondschoote
Bergues
Bourbourg
40
N 17
Dendermonde
(Termonde)
N4
A 16 - E
N 35
Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées
N 50
Cap Blanc Nez
Petit-Fort-Philippe
Grand-Fort-Philippe
DUNKIRK
Gravelines
CALAIS
Sangatte
D 240
In October 1914 the Western Front stabilized several
kilometres from Ypres, creating a salient in the German line.
Five battles of the Great War, involving troops from all
over the world, centred on the rich Flemish city of Ypres.
Today the city’s famous Cloth Hall, destroyed during the
war and since rebuilt, is home to the “In Flanders Fields“
Museum which tells the story of the First World War
through the eyes of a soldier and a civilian of the period.
Gent
(Gand)
403
Mer du Nord
Ambleteuse
The Ypres Salient
A 14 - E 17
La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio
Veurnes
(Furnes)
E 42
Rue de Pétillon
62840 FLEURBAIX
Grande-Synthe
Oye-Plage
A 26
Ypres – In Flanders
Fields Museum 1
(La Panne)
Zuydcoote
Malo-les-Bains
A 17 - E
P. Morès
E. Roose
l 'E
Fleurbaix
Le Trou Aid Post Cemetery
4
In honour of the Indian soldiers of the Great War
D 644
The Western Front ran like a scar across the countryside of Northern France between the historical provinces
of Flanders and Picardy. After a number of minor operations in the Artois Hills, the French Army handed over to British
troops in 1915. The following years saw an increase in military activity with major offensives at Arras in April 1917
and Cambrai six months later.
The statue in Memorial Park shows Sergeant Fraser
carrying a wounded comrade out of no man’s land in the
aftermath of the Battle of Fromelles, an operation launched
to divert attention away from the major Allied offensive
on the Somme. The nineteenth of July 1916 shall ever
be remembered in Australia as the day their soldiers first
fought in action on European soil during the First World War
and one of the country’s most tragic episodes which resulted
in 5,533 Australian casualties.
A2
By late 1914 both sides had lost all hope of a rapid victory. The French and British Armies found themselves pitted
against their German counterparts along a line which stretched nearly 800 kilometres across France from the Belgian coast
to the Swiss border. A long war of position and attrition had begun.
“Don’t forget me Cobber”
ar
cq
ue
1
The Western Front
Fromelles Australian
Memorial Park 3
Le Catelet
Bohain-en-Vermandois
La Capelle
5
Richebourg – Portuguese
National Cemetery 5
French National
War Cemetery
at Notre-Dame
de Lorette 7
The sole place of remembrance for the
Portuguese soldiers of the Great War
Intent on showing its support for the Allies,
the young Portuguese Republic organized
an expeditionary force in 1916. Portuguese
soldiers were placed under British command
and assigned to the front between Laventie and
Festubert in French Flanders. On 9 April 1918
the Portuguese suffered numerous casualties
during the German offensive on Lys Plain.
Richebourg is the only Portuguese war cemetery
on the front and the final resting place for the
1,831 Portuguese soldiers who died in 1918.
Route d’Estaires (RD 947)
62136 RICHEBOURG
Vimy Ridge National
Historic Site of Canada
9
“Modern Canada was born in the trenches of Vimy“
The largest french military
cemetery
In May 1915, French troops attempted
to wrest control of the Artois Hills
S. Dhote
from the German Army. They failed at
Vimy Ridge but succeeded in retaking
Lorette Spur, at a cost of 102,000 men. Today, the National First
World War Cemetery is the final resting place for some
40,000 French troops, including 22,000 unknown soldiers.
Lorette Spur is the largest of the French war cemeteries
and a poignant reminder of the huge losses sustained
by every sector of society during the Great War.
Chemin du Mont de Lorette
62153 ABLAIN-SAINT-NAZAIRE
Canada’s monument to her 11,285 soldiers reported lost
on French soil during the Great War stands at the heart of a
107-hectare park overlooking the Pas-de-Calais coal basin.
Built at the place where, on 10 April 1917, Canadian troops
fighting as part of the British Army captured Vimy Ridge, the
memorial’s white pylons and sculpted figures mark a defining
event in the history of Canada.
Chemin des Canadiens
62580 VIMY
Tel. +33 (0)322 767086
Thélus
Lichfield Crater
and Zivy Crater
P. Frutier
S. Dhote
P. Frutier
S. Dhote
S. Dhote
10
A mine crater for a grave
United for the first time in
a single army corps, the
4 Canadian Divisions of
the Allied Army launched
an attack on the heavilydefended Vimy Ridge on
Lichfield Crater
9 April 1917. The officer in
charge of burials used a mine
crater at the foot of the ridge to inter the one hundred
soldiers who were killed in the fighting. Today the burial
grounds of Lichfield Crater and Zivy Crater are beautifully
gardened although they still retain their circular shape, a
unique feature among the Commonwealth War Cemeteries.
A.S. Flament
Loos-en-Gohelle
Dud Corner Cemetery
and Loos Memorial 6
“If any question why we died, tell them,
because our fathers lied!“
Loos Memorial, which encircles Dud Corner Cemetery,
immortalizes the names of the 20,000 soldiers of the
British Army who have no known grave. Most of these
soldiers were killed at the Battle of Loos in late 1915.
Among them was the only son of the famous writer
Rudyard Kipling. The author of The Jungle Book never
got over the loss, as can be clearly felt in his Epitaphs
of the War wherein he wrote the lines, “If any question
why we died, Tell them, because our fathers lied“.
Route de Béthune (RD 943)
62750 LOOS-EN-GOHELLE
Souchez
Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery
8
“There’s some corner of a foreign field that is for ever
England“ (Rupert Brooke, in The Soldier)
Before the war there was a house in Souchez named Cabaret
Rouge. The house was destroyed with the rest of the village
however its name lives on in the war cemetery which was
created in 1917 by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission
to concentrate the graves of the 103 burial grounds in the
region. Situated between two war cemeteries, one French and
the other German, Cabaret-Rouge Cemetery today contains
7,655 Commonwealth burials of the Great War, more than half
of them unidentified.
Lichfield Crater
Hameau du Vert-Tilleul
62580 THÉLUS
Zivy Crater
Road to Neuville-Saint-Vaast
62580 THÉLUS
Memorial to Polish volunteers
Neuville-Saint-Vaast
Memorial to Polish Volunteers
Czechoslovak Cemetery
and Memorial 11
“For our freedom and yours“
Intent on fighting German and Austro-Hungarian
rule in their native countries, Czechoslovak and
Polish immigrants living in and around Paris at
the outbreak of the war were quick to enrol in the
French Army and take part in the Second Battle of
Artois in May 1915. Standing opposite the memorial
to the soldiers of the Nazdar Company which marks
the entrance to the Czechoslovak Cemetery, the
Polish Memorial bears the motto “Za wolność naszą i
waszą“ which means “For our freedom and yours“.
Road to Souchez (RD 937)
62580 NEUVILLE-SAINT-VAAST
Rue Carnot
62153 SOUCHEZ
6
P. Frutier
12 September 1920 – Procession to the War Cemetery at Notre-Dame de Lorette
7
S. Dhote
Neuville-Saint-Vaast –
German War Cemetery
at La Maison
Blanche 12
Monchy-le-Preux
Newfoundland Memorial
Doignies-Louverval
Military Cemetery
and Cambrai
Memorial 16
14
The Caribou of the Newfoundland Regiment
“Reconciliation
above the graves“
Neuville-Saint-Vaast –
German War Cemetery
is the largest of its kind
in France. Established by
the French at the end of
the war, the cemetery
is the final resting place
of 44,833 German
soldiers who died in
S. Dhote
Artois. The German
War Graves Commission (Volksbund Deutsche
Kriegsgräberfürsorge – VDK) redesigned the
cemetery in the 1970s. A cross at the entrance
to the site bears the words, “Peace to men of
goodwill“, an aspiration shared by the VDK in their
motto, “Reconciliation above the graves“.
Close to Monchy-le-Preux Church a bronze caribou stands proudly
on the ruins of a German fortified post. On 11 April 1917, during
the Battle of Arras, the village of Monchy-le-Preux was held briefly
by Allied soldiers until a
German counter-attack
S. Dhote
on 14 April drove them all
out except for the brave
men of the Newfoundland
Regiment who held fast
until relief came four hours
later. Today the bronze
Caribou of Monchy-lePreux commemorates the
courage and bravery of
those Newfoundlanders.
A new weapon: the tank
On the 20 November 1917 the British Army launched an
attack on German Lines at Cambrai. This operation was the
first of its kind to rely on tanks to support the infantry and
in all 476 Mark IVs were used. Initially things went well and
the British broke through the Hindenburg Line; however the
German counter-attack, which came a few days later, pushed
them back. Next to the Louverval Military Cemetery stands a
memorial to the 7,000 men of the Commonwealth killed in the
Battle of Cambrai.
Serre Road – French and
Commonwealth War Cemeteries
18
The battlefield cemeteries
Although a mere 5 kilometres long, the road which runs
from Serre-Puisieux in the department of Pas-de-Calais
to Mailly-Maillet in Somme is bordered by no fewer
than twelve war cemeteries. The area saw intense fighting
in the Great War when the French, in June 1915, and later
the British, in July 1916, took on the German Army
in the Battle of the Somme. Today this historic landscape
is home to the peaceful gardens of the Commonwealth
and French War Cemeteries of the Serre Road.
Road from Serre-Puisieux to Mailly-Maillet (RD 919)
62116 PUISIEUX
RD 930
62147 DOIGNIES
Rue de Chaussy
62118 MONCHY-LEPREUX
Ayette Indian and Chinese
Cemetery 19
The Asian Labourers of the Great War in Europe
Road to Arras (RD 937)
62580 NEUVILLE-SAINT-VAAST
Bullecourt Australian
Memorial Park 15
S. Dhote
The Diggers of Bullecourt
S. Dhote
Arras – Wellington Quarry
On 11 April 1917 the British 5th Army
stormed the village of Bullecourt,
an important link in the German
defence known as the Hindenburg
Line. A second offensive was
launched on May 3rd but neither
of these two operations achieved
their objective and the five
Australian divisions which took part
in the fighting suffered heavy losses,
close to 10,000 dead. The Australian
Memorial Park in Bullecourt honours
those courageous Diggers who lost
their lives in these two events of the
Battle of Arras.
13
When British soldiers rose from the earth
On 9 April 1917 the British Army launched a huge
surprise attack on the German lines before Arras
to divert attention away from the main French
offensive which was to take place on Chemin des
Dames Road in Aisne. That morning saw
24,000 soldiers flood out from the network of
old chalk-quarry tunnels to attack the German
defences. Today the tunnels of Wellington Quarry
are open to the public and invite the visitor to
discover the gripping story of the Battle of Arras.
Rue Delétoille
62000 ARRAS
Tel. +33 (0)321 512695
www.carriere-wellington.com
8
Digger Memorial
Rue de Douai (D956)
62128 BULLECOURT
P. Morès
S. Dhote
Grévillers Military Cemetery
and New Zealand Memorial
17
War and the great flu pandemic of 1918
The Grévillers Memorial was erected in honour of the
450 soldiers from New Zealand who were killed in action in
1918 but have no known grave. The monument stands in a
cemetery which is the last resting place of 2,106 men, many
of whom were declared “DOD” (Died of Disease) and probably
succumbed to “Spanish Flu”. Between early 1918 and mid
1919 a particularly virulent form of flu spread far and wide as
civilians and troops moved around the world, and it probably
killed at least 25 million people.
The Ayette Indian and Chinese Cemetery is the final resting
place of some eighty Asian labourers who died on the Western
Front in Artois and Somme. To make up for a lack of available
labour in Europe, the British Army recruited volunteer workers
from India and China, but some also came from Egypt and
South-Africa. These men carried out manual tasks in the
supply bases along the French coast and at the Western Front.
In the aftermath of the war many stayed behind to work on
rebuilding France.
Route d’Ablainzevelle (RD 7)
62116 AYETTE
D29
62450 GRéVILLERS
Ribécourt - Camp of Moroccan Spahis
9
The war of movement
and the first German occupation
2
On 4 August 1914 the German Army put the Schlieffen Plan into action and launched its troops across Belgium
with the ultimate objective of taking Paris. Despite the resistance of the Belgian Army and British and French
expeditionary forces, the Germans continued their advance towards the French border which they soon crossed
near the town of Maubeuge. After the stalemate of the First Battle of the Marne and the Race to the Sea,
the Western Front stabilized and the belligerents dug in. The war of movement had turned into a war of position.
The German Army occupied the territory it had conquered. Local resistance to the new military masters soon
developed but was mercilessly suppressed.
The summer of 1918 saw a return to the war of movement. The Allied Armies, placed under the sole command
of French Marshal Ferdinand Foch, launched a huge offensive which would break the German lines of defence
and lead to the liberation of the occupied territories.
Monument to the executed of Lille
Seclin Fort
2
The fort which never saw action
Designed by General Séré de Rivières to defend
the Belgian border, Seclin Fort is one of nineteen
fortifications which were built around the city of Lille
after the defeat of 1871. Seclin never saw action because
Lille was declared an “open city“ on 1 August 1914 and
subsequently occupied by the Germans in October later
that year. Patiently restored by the Boniface Family since
1996, Seclin Fort is today home to the Artillery Museum.
Chemin du Petit Fort
59113 SECLIN
Tel. +33 (0)320 971418
www.fortseclin.com
P. Morès
1
The Lille Resistance during World War I
(La Panne)
Zuydcoote
A 14 - E 17
La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio
Veurnes
(Furnes)
Malo-les-Bains
I Jz
er
Lewarde
0
E 17
4-
N 60
19
Feignies
Denain
3
64
Monchy-le-Preux
t
5
Aubignyau-Bac
Le Quesnoy
D 6644
3
A 16
E4
-E
40
2
Acheuxen-Amiénois
Grévillers
02
Pozières
6
93
29
Combles
7
D9
Longueval
D 101
01
10
Albert
Villers-Bocage
Flesquières
A2
D 936
Caudry
Les Rues-des-Vignes
ld
la S
D 962
re
amb
Maroilles
Ors
4
Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Trélon
- E 19
Fourmies
Wassigny
Canal de S
D
D
Hallencourt
Doignies
0
D 93
Bapaume
Warlencourt
Warlencourt
-Eaucourt
-Eaucourt
D 644
SerrePuisieux
Beaumont-Hamel
Domart-enPonthieu
Le CateauCambrésis
D 91
7
Ailly-le-HautClocher
uN
ord
Abbeville
Hébuterne
Bernaville
- E 17
Picardie
ev
ille
A 26
Frivillecarbotin
bb
-E1
5
d'A
Doullens
D 925
N 25
me
Assevent
63
0
CAMBRAI
4
D 9933
Ayette
ari
ti
Maubeuge
40
D
Bullecourt
D 917
Saint-Valerysur-Somme
5
N
6
9
Héninel
D 91
9
92
8
D
N2
Bavay
9
49
D 64
Bouchain
Vis-en-Artois
D 93
N 90
Valenciennes
N 455
D
ARRAS
Auxi-le-Château
Mons
(Bergen)
N2
D 91
6
Wallers
Douai
D 95
SaintLaurent-Blangy
Crécy-en-Ponthieu
A
Sc
Raismes
Cuincy
Mont-
Nouvion
Gamaches
48
D 617
Marchiennes
Athies
10
A2
ar
cq
ue
M
HéninBeaumont
la Sca rpe Saint-Eloi
NeuvilleSaint-Vaast
A7
St-Amand-les-Eaux
D 938
Vimy
Souchez
7
-E
Liévin
A
La Louvière
0
Condésur-l'Escaut
A 23
7
A 21
D9
35
91
Harnes
Aix-Noulette
34
1
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
A 16
A2
D
D 929
Hesdin
Maintenay
D
Lens
56
la
N5
Loosen-Gohelle
01
AblainSaint-Nazaire
Seclin
Annoeullin
sc
au
A 16 - E 402
la C
anc
he
N6
l ''EE
D3
N7
N 55
Noeux-les-Mines
Bruay-laBuissière
Houdain
41
D9
Tournai
(Doornik)
N
La Bassée
94
3
9
A 27 - E 42
a
el
al d
Can
3
42
De
ûle
15
Béthune
Azincourt
2
-E
Ath
(Aat)
Villeneuved'Ascq
Aubers
Richebourg
Lillers
A8
1
Lille
Fromelles
D 941
43
h
de
Fleurbaix
Ronse
(Renaix)
N 47
-E
D9
Fressin
Montreuil-sur-Mer
28
Roubaix
Wattrelos
Lomme
Vieille-Chapelle
Busnes
A 26
D 901
Saint-Josse
Ca
na
lM
Tourcoing
Marcqen-Baroeul
Lambersart
5
94
A 1 - E 17
Aire-sur-la-Lys
el
Mouscron
(Moeskroen)
9
2
D
la Lys
Fruges
Rue
A1
N 32
02
E4
16
-
A
N 369
16
8
92
Nord - Pas de Calais
6
D 12
9
94
0
D
Wambrechies
D9
D 240
D
N8
N 50
Steenwerck
D
Bercksur-Mer
Comines
Ploegsteert
Armentières
Hucqueliers
Rang-duFliers
N 47
Méteren
Saint-Venant
Etaples-sur-Mer
42
D 642
Wervicq-Sud
(Messines)
Bailleul
Hazebrouck
Lumbres
D
Merlimont
N
Manche
4
3
93
Desvres
Fauquembergues
Stella-Plage
Kortrijk
(Courtrai)
Menen
(Menin)
Godewaersvelde
N 42
Hardelot
D 93
D
Arques
Dannes
Touquetaris-Plage
A 10
Oudenaarde
(Audenarde)
Steenvoorde
365
Clairmarais
Sainte-Cecile-Plage
Leie
A 19
Cassel
SAINT-OMER
Saint-Etienne-au-Mont
leper
(Ypres)
N 38
Watten
Houlle
Wimere u x
E. Roos
e
N4
94
3
Wimille
Saint-Martin-Boulogne
BOULOGNESUR-MER
N9
Passchendaele
Poperinge
Licques
Wimereux
La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés
Roeselare
(Roulers)
13
Langemark
8
36
15
D
Sl ack
N
Audruicq
Tournehemsur-la-Hem
Marquise
N3
-
Wormhout
r
l'Yse
N 17
Dendermonde
(Termonde)
N
-E
Ardres
25
403
de C
A 26
Guînes
A
s
al a i
l'Aa
l
Cana
Wissant
Tardinghen
Hondschoote
Bergues
Bourbourg
40
E 42
A 16 - E
Cap Blanc Nez
Audinghen
DUNKIRK
Gravelines
CALAIS
Sangatte
Petit-Fort-Philippe
Grand-Fort-Philippe
N 35
Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées
N 50
A 17 - E
Oye-Plage
Mer du Nord
Ambleteuse
Grande-Synthe
Parade of German troops in Lille main square
Gent
(Gand)
N
Square Daubenton
59000 LILLE
D 12
6
E. Roose
The World War I monument in Lille shows the four leaders of the
city’s Resistance lined up against a wall just moments before
their execution by the German Army in the dungeons of the
citadel. Along with Léon Trulin, who can be seen lying at their
feet, Eugène Jacquet, Georges Maertens, Ernest Deceuninck and
Sylvère Verhulst set up a network for communicating information
to the Allies about the German occupiers of Lille. They were
eventually betrayed and executed on 22 September 1915.
Le Catelet
Bohain-en-Vermandois
La Capelle
11
Le Quesnoy
New Zealand Memorial
Annoeullin Communal
Cemetery German
Extension 3
5
The Kiwis of Le Quesnoy
On 4 November 1918 the town of Le Quesnoy was
liberated by New Zealand troops who scaled the
Vauban fortifications using simple wooden ladders.
Fastened to the rampart wall, the New Zealand
Memorial not only depicts the events of that memorable
operation it also shows the Kiwi national emblem:
a silver fern. Ninety years on from the Armistice of the
First World War, the liberation of Le Quesnoy remains
one of the most significant events in the history of the
New Zealand Army.
Here lies Albert Ball, ace of the Royal
Flying Corps
Of all the graves in Annoeullin Cemetery one in
particular stands out: that of flying ace Albert
Ball. Transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916,
Ball was the leading Allied ace with 44 victories
when, on 7 May 1917, his plane crashed after a
battle with the squadron of Lothar Von Richthofen
(brother of the Red Baron). The Germans claimed a
victory while the British cited mechanical failure.
Recovered by the people of Annoeullin, the
body of Albert Ball was
laid to rest with military
honours.
S. Dhote
Rue du Vent de Bise
59112 ANNOEULLIN
Feignies – Leveau Fort
Ramparts (access on Rue Jeanne d’Arc and Avenue
des Néo-Zélandais)
59530 LE QUESNOY
6
The longest siege of the First World War
P. Morès
P. Morès
Ors Communal Cemetery
4
The final resting place of the great war poet
Wilfred Owen
“What passing bells for these who die as cattle? Only the
monstrous anger of the guns“, wrote Wilfred Owen in the
opening of Anthem for Doomed Youth. Like many of the poets
of World War I, Owen described
the lives of the soldiers in the
trenches and denounced the
horror of the fighting. He was
killed in action on 4 November
1918, as his company tried to
cross La Sambre Canal near
the village of Ors, and laid to
rest in the military section of
the local cemetery.
Communal Cemetery
Rue de la Gare
59360 ORS
S. Dhote
In the summer of 1914 the German Army marched through
Belgium and entered France where they came up against
the fortified outworks of Maubeuge. Designed by General
Séré de Rivières, they had been built to defend the
French border after the defeat of 1871.
On 25 August 1914 the Germans surrounded
the town in what was to become the longest
siege of the war: it lasted a fortnight. Today
the museum of Leveau Fort tells the story
of Maubeuge during the two world wars.
Rue de Mairieux
59750 FEIGNIES
Tel. +33 (0)327 623707
http://fortdeleveau.site.voila.fr
S. Dhote
12
S. Dhote
Scottish soldiers in a rear camp
13
3
Formerly a vast British Army field
hospital, the site is now the largest
Commonwealth War Cemetery
in France.
The final resting place of almost
11,500 soldiers, Étaples Military Cemetery
is all that remains of a vast hospital
complex which was set up to treat the
wounded and evacuated troops of
the British Army during the Great War.
The town of Étaples was also home to
the largest training camp outside Great
Britain for recruits coming from all
parts of the Commonwealth. Millions
of men passed through the forty
barracks of Étaples on their way to the
A.S Flament
Western Front.
In 1916 the General Headquarters of the British Army took up residence in the village of Montreuil-sur-Mer
which subsequently became the nerve centre of an immense logistics chain stretching along the Channel Coast.
In the cemetery of St Étienne-au-Mont stands a
pagoda‑shaped gate which marks the entrance to the final
resting place of 160 Chinese and 10 South-African civilians.
Organized into Labour Corps, these non-military workers
carried out manual tasks for the British Army in the ports
and depots which supplied the soldiers at the Front.
In 1919 about eighty thousand Chinese were still at work
in France clearing up the battlefields and burying
the soldiers who had died in the Great War.
Communal Cemetery
Rue Edmond Madaré
62360 SAINT-ÉTIENNE-AU-MONT
t
r
IJze
N 32
A 21
Raismes
Douai
D 91
6
Monchy-le-Preux
N
Maubeuge
Aubignyau-Bac
63
0
D
Grévillers
6
93
29
Combles
7
D9
D 101
01
10
Albert
Villers-Bocage
D 962
re
amb
Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Ors
Les Rues-des-Vignes
Trélon
- E 19
ld
Fourmies
Wassigny
Canal de S
D
D
Hallencourt
Longueval
Flesquières
Le CateauCambrésis
17
Pozières
A2
Caudry
D9
02
0
D 93
Bapaume
Warlencourt
-Eaucourt
uN
ord
40
2
Acheuxen-Amiénois
N 25
-E
SerrePuisieux
Beaumont-Hamel
Domart-enPonthieu
-E1
5
Ailly-le-HautClocher
Doignies
7
-E1
Abbeville
la S
Maroilles
Hébuterne
Bernaville
A 26
Picardie
vil
le
D 936
FRAN
NCE
CAMBRAI
4
D 93
Doullens
D 925
be
Assevent
Le Quesnoy
9
Bullecourt
D 917
'Ab
Bavay
D 649
Bouchain
Héninel
40
Feignies
t
Vis-en-Artois
5
D 91
9
92
8
Athies
ARRAS
Valenciennes
N 455
Denain
3
64
D
Lewarde
0
N 90
D 64
3
Frivillecarbotin
A
D 95
SaintLaurent-Blangy
Ayette
E4
Wallers
19
Marchiennes
Cuincy
D
N2
Saint-Valerysur-Somme
28
0
D 938
HéninBeaumont
D 93
Auxi-le-Château
Mons
(Bergen)
-E
Lens
Liévin
Vimy
NeuvilleSaint-Vaast
Nouvion
ed
7
La Louvière
A7
St-Amand-les-Eaux
Mont-
Nord - Pas de Calais
arit
im
A
0
Condésur-l'Escaut
A 23
7
Aix-Noulette
Souchez
Crécy-en-Ponthieu
Ca
na
lM
56
N2
34
1
91
Harnes
D9
35
D
AblainSaint-Nazaire
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
N5
Loosen-Gohelle
la Sca rpe Saint-Eloi
Rue
A 16
N 47
94
3
01
D
D 929
Hesdin
N6
N
sc
au
D3
Houdain
41
D9
Maintenay
Place du Théâtre
62170 MONTREUIL-SUR-MER
M
Noeux-les-Mines
Bruay-laBuissière
Azincourt
Fressin
la C
anc
he
A 16 - E 402
94
0
N7
l 'E
Montreuil-sur-Mer
Tournai
(Doornik)
A 27 - E 42
la
A 1 - E 17
5
Rang-duFliers
Bercksur-Mer
N6
de
h
D 617
Annoeullin
429
N 55
La Bassée
D
Gamaches
A2
2
15
Béthune
6
D 12
Seclin
a
el
al d
Ca n
ar
cq
ue
-E
Richebourg
Lillers
-E
Ath
(Aat)
Villeneuved'Ascq
D 941
N8
A8
LILLE
Aubers
De
ûle
A 26
Hucqueliers
43
Fruges
Saint-Josse
Roubaix
Wattrelos
Lomme
Fromelles
Vieille-Chapelle
Busnes
D9
Ronse
(Renaix)
Marcqen-Baroeul
Lambersart
5
94
Fleurbaix
Saint-Venant
Merlimont
Sc
02
E4
16
-
N 369
Aire-sur-la-Lys
Fauquembergues
Stella-Plage
Tourcoing
42
16
D
la Lys
7
N
Wambrechies
el
Mouscron
(Moeskroen)
9
N 50
D9
8
92
N4
A
4
Manche
N4
Wervicq-Sud
Ploegsteert
Armentières
Hardelot
D
Comines
D
Méteren
Steenwerck
D
Etaples-sur-Mer
Messen
(Messines)
Bailleul
D 642
N 42
Dannes
4
36
3
93
Hazebrouck
Kortrijk
(Courtrai)
Menen
(Menin)
Godewaersvelde
Desvres
Le TouquetParis-Plage
N 50
D
Arques
Saint-Etienne-au-Mont
A 10
Oudenaarde
(Audenarde)
Steenvoorde
5
N 36
Clairmarais
Sainte-Cecile-Plage
Leie
A 19
Cassel
Lumbres
3
leper
(Ypres)
N 38
Watten
SAINT-OMER
A 16
14
Wormhout
r
l'Yse
Houlle
Wimere u x
D 901
In Wimereux Cemetery, among the graves of the 3,000 soldiers and
nurses who died in the British Army field hospitals, lies the final
resting place of Lt-Col John McCrae. A Canadian doctor, McCrae
was the author of the famous poem In Flanders Fields which he
dedicated to those who fell in the Great War. The subsequent
popularity of his poem contributed greatly to the poppy being
chosen as a symbol of remembrance: “In Flanders fields the
poppies blow, Between the crosses, row on row“.
943
Wimille
Saint-Martin-Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
N9
Passchendaele
Licques
Wimereux
Roeselare
(Roulers)
13
Langemark
8
Poperinge
40
In Flanders fields the poppies blow…
2
N
N 17
Dendermonde
(Termonde)
N
15
2
D
Sl ack
N3
-
Audruicq
Tournehemsur-la-Hem
Marquise
Ambleteuse
de C
-E
Ardres
25
s
al a i
A 26
Guînes
A
Bourbourg
40
l'Aa
l
Cana
Wissant
Tardinghen
Bergues
E 42
A 16 - E
Cap Blanc Nez
N 35
Hondschoote
Gravelines
CALAIS
Sangatte
Petit-Fort-Philippe
Grand-Fort-Philippe
403
Oye-Plage
Audinghen
A.S Flament
Gent
(Gand)
DUNKIRK
Grande-Synthe
T he equestrian statue of Field
Marshal Haig is one of the few
reminders of the British presence
in Montreuil during the Great
War. It was here that Douglas
Haig, Commander-in-chief of the
Britishet laArmy,
installed his General
La guerre de mouvement
première occupatio
Headquarters
between 1916
Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées
and 1919. Montreuil suddenly
La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés
became the British Army’s centre
of operations for the supply of
troops, provisions and equipment
from the French ports of Boulogne,
Calais and Dunkirk to the nearby
front in Flanders, Artois and
Somme.
A 14 - E 17
Veurnes
(Furnes)
A 17 - E
1
Communal Cemetery
Rue Jean Moulin
62930 WIMEREUX
A.S Flament
(La Panne)
Zuydcoote
Malo-les-Bains
Mer du Nord
Wimereux Communal Cemetery
The GHQ of the British Army
A2
A.S Flamen
Montreuil-sur-Mer – The Equestrian
Statue of Field Marshal Haig 5
17
During the Great War the German Army prosecuted
underwater operations against the military and merchant
navies of the Allies in an attempt to close the shipping routes
between England and France and so deprive the British forces
on the Continent of supplies and reinforcements. The Dover
Patrol Memorial on the French headland of Cap Blanc-Nez
honours “the glorious cooperation of the French and British
Navies“ whose heroic efforts kept the Strait of Dover open to
Allied shipping.
-E
The guardians of the Strait of Dover
Cap Blanc-Nez
Sente du Blanc-Nez
62179 ESCALLES
RD 940
62630 ÉTAPLES
The Chinese Labour Corps of the Great War
48
1
3
A 14
St. Étienne-au-Mont
Communal Cemetery
D 12
6
Cap Blanc Nez
The Dover Patrol Memorial
A.S Flament
N
Boulogne-sur-Mer and other Channel ports saw a steady flow of supplies and fresh troops entering France
from all over the world. After training, the new recruits were sent to the various sectors of the Western Front
under British control, such as Flanders, Artois and Somme. Vast hospital complexes were also set up on the coast
to care for the wounded returning from the Front.
D 644
The Allies’ logistics base
on the Channel coast
Étaples Military
Cemetery 4
Le Catelet
Bohain-en-Vermandois
La Capelle
15
Post-war reconstruction
4
Zone Rouge (lit. Red Zone) was the name given to the area in France which had been ravaged by four years of fighting.
The ground had been laid bare and the towns and infrastructure had all but been destroyed.
Place du Général de Gaulle
62300 LENS
Veurnes
(Furnes)
I Jz
er
Monchy-le-Preux
D9
16
5
63
0
D
Pozières
6
93
29
Longueval
Combles
7
D9
D 101
01
10
Albert
Villers-Bocage
ld
la S
D 962
re
amb
Caudry
Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Ors
Les Rues-des-Vignes
Trélon
19
2-E
Fourmies
Wassigny
Canal de S
D
D
Hallencourt
A
D 936
Maroilles
Le CateauCambrésis
17
Acheuxen-Amiénois
Flesquières
D 64
3
D9
2
40
Doignies
0
D 93
Bapaume
uN
ord
E
02
Grévillers
Warlencourt
-Eaucourt
- E 15
28
E4
6
N 25
A1
6-
SerrePuisieux
Beaumont-Hamel
Domart-enPonthieu
Cambrai
7
-E1
Ailly-le-HautClocher
Bullecourt
Hébuterne
Bernaville
Assevent
FRAN
NCE
9
A 26
Picardie
ev
ille
Abbeville
A
Doullens
D 925
bb
Maubeuge
Le Quesnoy
Héninel
D 91
9
92
8
D
N2
Bavay
D 649
Bouchain
Aubignyau-Bac
Vis-en-Artois
D 93
40
Feignies
t
4
D 93
d'A
Frivillecarbotin
Gamaches
3
64
me
N
Denain
D
5
N 90
Valenciennes
N 455
Lewarde
0
Athies
917
D 91
ari
ti
0
Raismes
Wallers
Douai
Ayette
al
M
N6
de
Marchiennes
Cuincy
D 95
SaintLaurent-Blangy
Arras
Saint-Valerysur-Somme
Ca
n
Sc
h
ar
cq
ue
D 938
Beaumont
Crécy-en-Ponthieu
Mons
(Bergen)
19
4
Vimy
A7
St-Amand-les-Eaux
Lens Hénin-
Liévin
Aix-Noulette
La Louvière
0
Condésur-l'Escaut
A 23
7
-E
91
Harnes
D9
35
D
NeuvilleSaint-Vaast
Auxi-le-Château
7
A2
Loosen-Gohelle
Mont-
Nouvion
A
M
N5
la Sca rpe Saint-Eloi
Rue
7
N 32
D 617
2
De
ûle
A 16
N 47
94
3
Souchez
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
N6
56
N2
Maintenay
a
el
al d
Can
sc
au
Hesdin
N7
la
AblainSaint-Nazaire
34
1
429
N
Annoeullin
01
D
D 929
-E
Seclin
A 21
41
D9
la C
anc
he
Tournai
(Doornik)
l 'E
94
0
A8
A 27 - E 42
D 644
D
Ronse
(Renaix)
Ath
(Aat)
Villeneuved'Ascq
A 1 - E 17
Rang-duFliers
BerckBercksur-Mer
sur-Mer
D
Houdain
Wattrelos
Aubers
La Bassée
Noeux-les-Mines
Bruay-laBuissière
Azincourt
Fressin
Montreuil-sur-Mer
Roubaix
A2
02
E4
16
A
Manche
N 369
3
Tourcoing
LILLE
Lomme
Fromelles
el
Mouscron
(Moeskroen)
9
N 55
Béthune
D
Stella-Plage
Stella-Plage
Saint-Josse
Lambersart
Richebourg
Lillers
7
43
Wambrechies
D 941
N4
D9
Fruges
9
Merlimont
Merlimont
2
Fleurbaix
42
15
6
D 12
N
-E
Nord - Pas de Calais
Hucqueliers
Wervicq-Sud
Wervicq-Sud
MarcqArmentières en-Baroeul
5
94
Vieille-Chapelle
Busnes
N8
N 50
16
la Lys
Aire-sur-la-Lys
A 26
Sainte-Cecile-Plage
A 16 - E 402
Place du Général de Gaulle
59280 ARMENTIÈRES
D
Saint-Venant
D 901
Used extensively by the Commonwealth for stationing troops
prior to the various Battles of Ypres, the Flanders town of
Armentières was also the setting for the song Mademoiselle from
Armentières. Reduced to rubble in the fighting, the town centre
was redesigned after the Great War by the architect Louis-Marie
Cordonnier. His regionalist ideas can be seen in many features
of the town, notably the design of the bell tower which adheres
faithfully to the style of the Flemish Renaissance.
8
92
Comines
Comines
Ploegsteert
Steenwerck
Lumbres
D 240
Mademoiselle from Armentières and Flemish Renaissance
D 642
Messen
(Messines)
D
N 42
Fauquembergues
D 93
1
Bailleul
Méteren
Hazebrouck
Desvres
Hardelot
Etaples-sur-Mer
Kemmel
3
93
Arques
Dannes
Touquetaris-Plage
D
Godewaersvelde
5
N 36
Clairmarais
D
Oudenaarde
(Audenarde)
Kortrijk
(Courtrai)
Menen
(Menin)
Steenvoorde
D9
Armentières – Town Hall
and Bell Tower 2
A 10
A 19
Cassel
SAINT-OMER
Saint-Etienne-au-Mont
4
Watten
Houlle
Wimere u x
La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés
Leie
36
94
3
Wimille
Saint-Martin-Boulogne
BOULOGNESUR-MER
leper
(Ypres)
N 38
N 17
Dendermonde
(Termonde)
Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées
N9
Passchendaele
Wormhout
r
l'Yse
Gent
(Gand)
Roeselare
(Roulers)
13
Langemark
8
Poperinge
Licques
Wimereux
N
N
15
D
Sl ack
N3
-
Audruicq
Tournehemsur-la-Hem
Marquise
25
E 42
-E
Ardres
Audinghen
P. Morès
de C
A 26
Guînes
A
s
al a i
l'Aa
l
Cana
Wissant
Hondschoote
Bergues
Bourbourg
40
A 16 - E
403
CALAIS
Tardinghen
DUNKIRK
Gravelines
Cap Blanc Nez
Ambleteuse
Petit-Fort-Philippe
Grand-Fort-Philippe
N 35
A 14 - E 17
La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio
N 50
A 17 - E
Mer du Nord
Grand’Place
59270 BAILLEUL
Grande-Synthe
Oye-Plage
Sangatte
16
Grand’Place
62400
BÉTHUNE
(La Panne)
Zuydcoote
Malo-les-Bains
N4
Spared from much of the fighting in the early days of the
war, the town of Bailleul was eventually destroyed in the
German spring offensive of 1918. During reconstruction
the local authorities commissioned "regionalist" architects,
such as Louis-Marie Cordonnier, to give a traditional
Flemish appearance to what would be in fact a modern
and carefully-planned urban area. Today, as a result of their
work, post-war Bailleul is undoubtedly one of Flanders’
most beautiful towns.
During the Battle of the Lys, in the spring of 1918, the German
Army attempted to take the town of Béthune and, following
their failure, showered the town centre with incendiary shells.
The 14th century bell tower in the main square was one of
the town’s few architectural features to have survived. In the
aftermath of the battle the houses which bordered the square
were rebuilt in a mixture of styles. The town hall, designed
by Jacques Alleman, is the
central piece of
P. Morès
this architectural
ensemble.
E1
The ideal Flemish town
A new setting for the bell tower
4-
P. Morès
It took more than two years after the end of the war to clear
away the rubble before the reconstruction of the ruined
town of Lens could begin. In 1926 architect Urbain Cassan
drew up plans to build a new station in the shape of a steam
locomotive, with a clock tower for its funnel and exaggerated
arches for its wheels. Inside the station Cassan added a mosaic
on the themes of railways and coal-mining to reflect the
building’s purpose and the history of the town.
A1
1
Béthune – Town Hall, Bell Tower
and Main Square 3
4
The station in the shape of a locomotive
D 12
6
The Town of Bailleul
Lens – Railway Station
48
Modernity was also reflected in the choice of materials used during the period of reconstruction, reinforced concrete
was immensely popular, however traditional materials such as brick and stone were far from ignored.
S. Dhote
N
The reconstruction of the villages, towns and cities was driven by the wishes of the elected representatives
and the imagination of the architects who were commissioned to draw the plans. The rich architectural heritage
of Arras was faithfully rebuilt to its pre-war glory whereas towns such as Bailleul adopted a traditional regional style
which they combined with innovative town planning. Other towns such as Cambrai and Lens chose to rebuild
in the modern Art Deco style.
Le Catelet
Bohain-en-Vermandois
La Capelle
17
annel
28
E4
02
'Ab
be
5
A
e
Abbeville
viill
le
Oisemont
Hallencourt
10
Hesdin
Fressin
E4
02
Ailly-le-HautClocher
A1
6-
8
92
Clairmarais
01
10
D
Picquigny
Domart-enPonthieu
Bernaville
Auxi-le-Château
D 929
Azincourt
Fruges
r
l'Yse
Arques
Amiens
Doullens
D
25
-
3
93
41
D9
43
Villers-Bocage
D
34
1
D
94
3
Mont-Saint-Eloi
la Sca rpe
AblainSaint-Nazaire
Souchez
01
Noeux-les-Mines
Bruay-laBuissière
D
5
29
Albert
Beaumont-Hamel
SerrePuisieux
D9
Ayette
Aubers
Bray-sur-Somme
91
7
Harnes
HéninBeaumont
A 21
50
D9
Bapaume
Combles
Longueval
d
al
Can
A2
7
Péronne
9
-E1
Doignies
Bullecourt
D9
39
Vis-en-Artois
0
D 9933
Menen
(Menin)
la
Mouscron
(Moeskroen)
Kortrijk
jk
Court
Courtrai)
o trai)
rai)
(Courtrai)
Flesquières
Aubignyau-Bac
Lewarde
D 938
0
N9
A 14 - E 17
A 11
4
-E3
Bouchain
N 455
D 6644
3
Denain
Wallers
Le Catelet
Les Rues-des-Vignes
Caudry
el
Bohain-en-Vermandois
Le CateauCambrésis
Valenciennes
Raismes
Condésur-l'Escaut
A 16
Ronse
(Renaix)
9
49
D 64
N7
N5
0
Ath
(Aat)
-E
Bavay
A8
9
42
Wassigny
Ors
la S
D 1029
Maroilles
re
amb
Le Quesnoy
Oudenaarde
Oudenaar
Oude
naarde
de
(Audenar
(Aud
(A
Au enarde)
de)
(Audenarde)
Post-war reconstruction
A7
N
56
Mons
(Bergen)
N9
Maubeuge
Feignies
N8
The Allies' logistics base on the Channel Coast
Tournai
(Doornik)
CAMBRAI
t
Dendermonde
(Termonde)
0
N7
La Capelle
A 10
Trélon
Hirson
Fourmies
Avesnes-sur-Helpe
D 962
D 936
Assevent
N
40
N6
IUM
The war of movement and the first German occupation
St-Amand-les-Eaux
Leie
The Western Front
First World War remembrance trails in Northern France
A1
Marchiennes
A 23
A 27 - E 42
Wattrelos
Villeneuved'Ascq
Roisel
Brugge
(Bruges)
Roubaix
Tourcoing
Douai
Cuincy
Seclin
Lomme
Monchy-le-Preux
Héninel
Roeselare
(Roulers)
LILLE
en-Baroeul
Lambersart
Saint-Laurent-Blangy
Athies
Warlencourt
-Eaucourt
Pozières
D
Lens
Grévillers
A 1199
Passchendaele
Wambrechies
Annoeullin
D 941
a
el
al d
Can
Fromelles
Thélus
Vimy
Liévin
Aix-Noulette
33
N3
2
Comines Wervicq-Sud
N
N9
Armentières Marcq-
Ploegsteert
Messen
(Messines)
Loosen-Gohelle
La Bassée
N
N 35
3
31
Ieper
(Ypres)
Langemark
Richebourg
ARRAS
Hébuterne
N2
D
Fleurbaix
5
94
Vieille-Chapelle
Béthune
N 38
Steenwerck
Neuville-Saint-Vaast
Houdain
Lillers
Acheuxen-Amiénois
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
D9
Busnes
Saint-Venant
8
Kemmel
N
Bailleul
Godewaersvelde
Poperinge
Veurnes
(Furnes)
Méteren
D 642
la Lys
Steenvoorde
Hondschoote
Hazebrouck
Cassel
Wormhout
A
Bergues
Aire-sur-la-Lys
SAINT-OMER
Watten
Nord - Pas de Calais
Picardy
D 925
D
Houlle
Fauquembergues
Lumbres
Bourbourg
Gravelines
DUNKIRK
Zuydcoote
A 18
D 101
D 936
Kilometres
ed
Crécy-en-Ponthieu
94
3
Grande-Synthe
Petit-Fort-Philippe
Grand-Fort-Philippe
Malo-les-Bains
De Panne
(La Panne)
Nieuwpoort
(Nieuport)
I Jz
er
Oostende
(Ostende)
int-Qu
Canal de Sa
Blangysur-Bresle
A
0
arit
im
N 99
Nouvion
Maintenay
la C
anc
he
Montreuil-sur-Mer
6
D 12
Hucqueliers
D
la i s
Audruicq
a
de C
40
D
Gamaches
FrivilleEscarbotin
Ca
n
al
M
Rue
Saint-Valerysur-Somme
94
0
Rang-duFliers
Saint-Josse
Etaples-sur-Mer
Sainte-Cecile-Plage
Merlimont
D
Hardelot
Dannes
Stella-Plage
Bercksur-Mer
Saint-Etienne-au-Mont
Desvres
l
Cana
A 16 - E
Tournehemsur-la-Hem
N 42
Ardres
Licques
Guînes
CALAIS
BOULOGNE-SUR-MER
Wimille
Saint-Martin-Boulogne
Wimere u x
Sangatte
Sl ack
Marquise
Wimereux
Ambleteuse
Audinghen
Tardinghen
Wissant
Cap Blanc Nez
Le TouquetParis-Plage
English Ch
02
E4
16
-
A
North
N
th SSea
92
8
D
D1
26
Oye-Plage
D9
16
De
ûle
7
4
N3
D 9911
9
A 1 - E 17
N 369
-E1
5
A 16 - E 402
N 25
N 47
D 917
uN
ord
A 26
17
D 901
3
64
D9
5
4
D 9933
A1
N 32
ar
cq
ue
40
E1
D 644
6A2
63
0
16
sc
au
5
E1
D9
D
D
50
N 50
l 'E'E
E1
4A1
de
6A2
Sc
h
l'Aa
48
When the Germans retreated from Cambrai in October
1918 all they left their Canadian successors was a ghost
town with a burned-out centre. The architect Pierre
Leprince-Ringuet was given the job of rebuilding the
town and he gave Cambrai new squares and streets,
concentrated the administrative buildings and shops
into specific areas, and designed a brand new town hall.
Today the architecture in Cambrai’s centre is a mixture of
traditional regional styles and the more modern concept
of Art Deco.
5
N 36
N
A new town centre raised from the embers
0
Grand’Place
59400 CAMBRAI
6
N6
Cambrai – The Town Centre
E 42
19
S. Dhote
403
-E
Arras – The main square devastated by war
36
D9
35
Grand’Place and Place des Héros
62000 ARRAS
42
A2
7
N 90
La Louvière
A
N 17
N1
6
A7
Bruxelle
(Brussel)
A 12
18
A 17 - E
N
N 55
D 946
By the end of the Great War, after suffering almost
constant shelling from 1914 to 1917, Arras was
in ruins and a “martyred city“. It was decided that
its prominent features, such as the bell tower,
the town hall and the facades of the houses
bordering the main square, should be rebuilt
as faithfully as possible to the originals. Using a
mixture of reinforced concrete and stone facing,
architect Pierre Paquet managed to restore much
of the rich architectural heritage of Arras.
N 50
M
The faithful reconstruction
of a martyred town
4
N
7
Arras – Town Hall, Bell Tower
and Squares 5
N4
7
N2
N4
N2
E. Le Brun - Light Motiv
3
N5
entin
7
-E1
6
93
19
PEFC/10-31-1269
© Copyright: CRT Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 2010. Any reproduction, even partial, is prohibited without prior written consent from Nord-Pas-de-Calais Tourist Board.
Publication date: 2nd quarter 2010. Printers: Graphic Arts Deschamps. Cover photos: P. Frutier - S. Dhote. Traduction : Graham macLachlan.
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