boletín de grupo especialistas en cracidos boletim do grupo de

BOLETÍN DE GRUPO ESPECIALISTAS EN CRACIDOS
BOLETIM DO GRUPO DE ESPECIALISTAS EM CRACÍDEOS
BULLETIN OF THE CRACID SPECIALIST GROUP
VOL. 33 - Spring 2012
ISSN#: 1096-7168
ATENCIÓN: Contribuciones y puntos de vista publicados en el Bol. del CSG no
necesariamente reflejan la opinión de los Editores, Birdlife, IUCN, ni el Grupo de
Especialistas en Crácidos.
ATENÇÃO: Contribuições e opiniões publicadas no Bol. CSG não refletem
necessariamente a opinião dos Editores, da Birdlife, da IUCN, e nem de todo o Grupo
de Especialistas em Cracídeos.
PLEASE NOTE: Contributions and views published in Bull. CSG do not necessarily
reflect the opinion of the Editors, Birdlife, IUCN, nor the entire Cracid Specialist Group.
CSG website - http://www.cracids.org
CONTENIDO
CONTEÚDO
CONTENTS
NOTICIAS Y NOTAS / NOTÍCIAS E NOTAS / NEWS AND NOTES
3 - EL XI SIMPOSIO DE CRÁCIDOS
5 - THE XI CRACID SYMPOSIUM
6 - MI HISTORIA FINAL DE CRACIDOS…
7 - MINHA ÚLTIMA HISTÓRIA DE CRACÍDEOS…
9 - MY FINAL CRACID STORY…
10 - UN NUEVO ALGUACIL EN EL PUEBLO…
11 - UM NOVO XERIFE NA CIDADE…
12 - A NEW SHERIFF IN TOWN…
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13 - NOTICIAS DE ALREDEDOR DEL MUNDO
15 - NOTÍCIAS AO REDOR DO MUNDO
17 - NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD
ARTICULOS / ARTIGOS / ARTICLES
19 - Carlos A. Delgado-V., Juana C. Correa-H, Andrés Arias-Alzate and Sebastián
Botero - DUSTBATHING BEHAVIOR OF THE SICKLE-WINGED GUAN (Chamaepetes
goudotii)
23 - Harold F. Greeney, Jose Simbaña, Luis Salagaje, Wilmer Simbaña, Hugo Jati,
Andrés Reyes, Janina Zambrano, Darwin Miphut, Christian Cumanicho,
Lucia Salazar and Victor Quinchimbla - PROYECTO PAVO: RESULTS OF A
COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY ON THE STATUS AND HABITAT USE OF THE
WATTLED GUAN Aburria aburri
30 - PUBLICACIONES RECIENTES / PUBLICAÇÔES RECENTES / RECENT
PUBLICATIONS
33 - CONGRESOS / CONGRESSOS / MEETINGS
33 - ¿ESTA INTERESADO EN APUNTARSE? / INTERESSADO EM ASSINAR O
BOLETIM ? / INTERESTED IN SIGNING UP?
33 - INSTRUCCIONES PARA LOS AUTORES / INSTRUÇÕES PARA
COLABORADORES / INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTORS
34 - COORDINADORES REGIONALES / COORDENADORES REGIONAIS /
REGIONAL COORDINATORS
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NOTICIAS Y NOTAS
NOTÍCIAS E NOTAS
NEWS AND NOTES
Symposium participants (L to R): F. Gonzalez-G., J. Cornejo, L. Cancino,
S. Malzoff, J. Ortega, F. Angulo, H. Meneses, Victor Raul-Diaz
EL XI SIMPOSIO DE CRÁCIDOS
El XI Simposio de Crácidos se llevó a cabo en el marco del IX Congreso de Ornitología
Neotropical en Cusco, Perú, del 8 al 14 de Noviembre del 2011. El simposio se inauguró
con la lectura de una emotiva bienvenida redactada por el Dr. Dan Brooks, coordinador
de Grupo de Especialistas en Crácidos. Durante este simposio, tuvimos la oportunidad
de apreciar la diversidad de temas de investigación y conservación de crácidos que se
están llevando a cabo por investigadores de América Latina. Entre las exposiciones que
se presentaron, estuvieron las dadas por Marco Pizo sobre Uso de Hábitat por Crácidos
en el Pantanal. En esta investigación se inquirió acerca de los hábitos de uso del hábitat
por varias especies, como Ortalis caniculis, Crax fasciolata y Aburria cumanensis.
Dos estudios con Penelope o. obscura en el Delta del Bajo Paraná en Argentina fueron
presentados por Silvina Malzof: uno sobre preferencia de hábitatl, y otro sobre estudios
de microhistología en la dieta de ésta pava en el mismo hábitat. El primer estudio
determinó que el tamaño del hábitat era el único factor que tenía un efecto mayor en la
ocupación y detectabilidad de pavas, y que al margen del tipo de hábitat, los fragmentos
más grandes de hábitats tienen una mayor probabilidad de ser ocupados. En el
segundo estudio, se determinó que la dieta de Penelope o. obscura incluye una amplia
variedad de especies exóticas cuyas hojas y flores complementan su dieta frugívora y
folívora.
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El Pavón Cornudo (Oreophasis derbianus) estuvo representado por varios estudios en
el simposio. Juan Cornejo brindó una exposición sobre los esfuerzos para su
conservación con un programa de reproducción ex-situ. Este programa, llamado
“Embajadores de las Nubes” tiene como objetivos el crear una red internacional de
conservación ex-situ y generar fondos de conservación in-situ. Un trabajo de
identificación individual de estos pavones a través de vocalizaciones fue presentado por
Fernando Gonzáles-García. Las conclusiones de este estudio sugieren que los
individuos de Oreophasis derbianus pueden ser reconocidos individualmente por sus
llamados. Estos llamados contienen información acerca de la identidad del emisor y
pueden tener valor para estudios de ecología conductual y monitoreo acústico.
Jessica Ortega presentó su trabajo sobre el Microhábitat de nidificación del Paujil
Copete de Piedra (Pauxi pauxi). En este estudio se encontró que los pavones anidaban
por encima de 1600 m, con densidad de árboles variable, con nidos entre 5-12 m de
altura con distancias al agua muy variables. Sobre la misma especie, Henry Meneses
presentó sus hallazgos en relación con el Manejo de Pauxi pauxi en cautiverio en
Toledo, Norte de Santander en Colombia. Con relación a la ganancia de peso, se
encontró que estas aves en cautiverio ganan más peso entre los 1 y 2 meses de edad, y
presentan una tasa de crecimiento de 17.47% mensual para los machos y de 18.53%
mensual para las hembras.
En su trabajo sobre las Barreras políticas y sociales para la reintroducción del Paujil de
Pico Rojo (Crax blumembachii) en Brasil, Christine Steiner arrojó luces sobre la
complejidad de este proceso. Con un sistema de monitoreo post-reintroducción se
determinó que solamente el 15% del área apropiada para la reintroducción está
legalmente protegida, sugiriéndose un proceso de planeamiento de áreas protegidas
más afinado, en el que se deben incluir a los terratenientes del lugar para garantizar la
persistencia de una población reintroducida.
Angulo, Cancino y Díaz presentaron un recuento de las acciones tomadas para la
conservación de la Pava Aliblanca (Penelope albipennis) y una propuesta de las
acciones a tomar para asegurar la supervivencia de esta especie. Estas acciones
incluyen la protección del hábitat a nivel de paisaje, el trabajo con las comunidades que
habitan en el rango de distribución de esta pava, y el manejo en cautiverio y la
reproducción con miras a la reintroducción.
Una investigación sobre el modelo de nicho de la characata (Ortalis canicollis) a
diferentes escalas (regional y de paisaje) en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, por
Sabrina Villalba fue presentada en al marco del simposio. Los resultados de este trabajo
indicaron que tanto a escala regional como de paisaje, la pendiente resultó ser la
variable más importante con la máxima probabilidad de presencia relacionada a sitios
llanos o de baja pendiente. A escala de paisaje, además de la pendiente resultó
relevante el número de parches de vegetación cultural.
En la sesión final, los asistentes al simposio presentaron diversas propuestas para
trabajar en la conservación de crácidos en América Latina. Con esta participación
general se concluyó el simposio. Agradecemos el financiamiento del fondo CBOT para
la realización de este evento, que incluyó el otorgamiento de becas parciales de viaje
para los expositores.
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- Laura Cancino
THE XI CRACID SYMPOSIUM
The XI Cracid Symposium was held in Cusco, Peru, from 8 to November 14, 2011,
under the IX Neotropical Ornithological Congress. The symposium opened with an
emotional reading of a welcome by Dr. Dan Brooks, Cracid Specialist Group Chair.
During this symposium, we had the opportunity to appreciate the diversity of cracid
research and conservation topics being carried out by Latin American researchers.
Among the presentations was that given by Marco Pizo on cracid habitat use in the
Pantanal. This research presented patterns of habitat use of several species as Ortalis
caniculis, Crax fasciolata and Aburria cumanensis.
Two studies with Penelope o. obscura in the Lower Paraná Delta in Argentina were
presented by Silvina Malzof: one on habitat preference, and another on microhistological
studies in the diet of this guan. The first study found that the size of habitat was the only
factor that had a greater effect on occupancy and detectability of guans, and regardless
of the type of habitat, the larger fragments of habitat was more likely to be occupied. In
the second study, the diet of Penelope o. obscura includes a wide variety of leaves and
flowers of exotic species to supplement its frugivorous and folivorous diet.
The Horned Guan was represented by several studies in the symposium. Juan Cornejo
gave a presentation on the preservation efforts through an ex-situ breeding program.
This program, called "Cloud Ambassadors" aims to create an international network of
ex-situ conservation and generate funds for in-situ conservation. A study about the
individual identification of these guans through their vocalizations was presented by
Fernando González-García. The findings of this study suggest that individuals of
Horned Guan can be recognized individually by their calls. These calls contain
information about the sender's identity and may have value for studies of behavioral
ecology and acoustic monitoring.
Jessica Ortega presented her work on the nesting microhabitat of the Helmeted
Curassow (Pauxi pauxi). The curassows nested above 1600 m, with variable tree
densities, with nests placed 5-12 m high, and widely varying distances from the water.
Also with the same species, Henry Meneses presented his findings regarding captive
management of Pauxi pauxi in Toledo, Norte de Santander, Colombia. With regard to
weight gain, it was found that these birds in captivity gain more weight between the first
and second months, and have a monthly growth rate of 17.47% for males and 18.53%
for females.
In her work on social and political barriers for reintroduction of Red-billed Curassow
(Crax blumembachii) in Brazil, Christine Steiner shed light on the complexity of this
process. Through post-reintroduction monitoring she found that only 15% of suitable
area for reintroduction is legally protected, suggesting the need of a more refined
planning process for the protected areas, which should include local landowners to
insure persistence of a reintroduced population.
Angulo, Cancino and Diaz presented an account of the actions taken for the
conservation of White-winged Guan (Penelope albipennis) and a proposal of the actions
to be taken to insure the survival of this species. These actions include the protection of
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habitat at the landscape level, working with communities living within the range of
distribution of this guan, and captive management and reproduction in light of the
reintroduction.
An investigation into the niche model of the chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) at different
scales (regional and landscape) in the province of Cordoba, Argentina, was presented
by Sabrina Villalba. The results of this study indicated that both at regional and
landscape scales, the slope turned out to be the most important variable with the
greatest likelihood of presence on sites flat or with low slope. At the landscape scale, in
addition to the slope, the number of cultural vegetation patches was significant.
In the final session, participants in the symposium presented several proposals for cracid
conservation in Latin America. With this general participation the symposium concluded.
We are grateful to the CBOT fund for helping to fund this event, which included partial
scholarships for the speakers.
- Laura Cancino
MI HISTORIA FINAL DE CRACIDOS…
El año 1996 fue muy excitamente para mí. Acababa de empezar a trabajar en mi tesis
doctoral y estaba en medio de un proyecto de investigación de una década en la
Amazonia norte del Perú. Queriendo comparar la tasa potencial de recambio de
especies en otros sitios cercanos, hice algunos viajes a otras regiones amazónicas.
Viajando a Colombia en junio del 96 para ver como era esa región del Amazonas, y en
ruta via Miami fui a visitar a mi amigo y colega Stuart Strahl, que acababa de empezar
un trabajo como Director del Programa de Audubon de Restauración de los Everglades
de Florida.
Esa visita a Stuart resultó marcar el resto de mi vida, pues me pidió que le ayudara con
el Grupo de Especialistas en Crácidos, el cual llevaba inactivo varios años. Pensándolo
bien y después de hacer preguntas durante una hora o más, decidí ir a por ello! Esos
primeros años al final de los 90s estuvieron llenos de actividad excitamente - muchos
simposios, expediciones al campo financiadas, la finalización del plan de acción y la
publicación de varios libros, y por supuesto el Boletín bi-anual del CSG. Rápidamente
nos convertimos en una fuerza seria a tener en cuenta durante ese tiempo, y pusimos el
listón alto para otros grupos de especialistas. Por poner un ejemplo, fuimos el primer
grupo especialista en publicar todo (incluyendo los Planes de Acción) en tres idiomas,
asegurando que los que más necesitan la información la tengan accesible.
Aquellos fueron los "años dorados" de la CSG. Poco a poco durante la última década
con el cambio de responsabilidades de trabajo en el museo que me emplea, los
cambios del enfoque de mi investigación, el haber tenido hijos, y mis propios problemas
de salud, comencé a darme cuenta hace tiempo que no soy un buen partido para dirigir
el CSG. Me he pasado horas en los últimos tres años pensando en un sustituto
adecuado para asegurar que el grupo continúe marchando hacia adelante firme y
decidido. En todos los casos, la eleccion perfecta, obviamente, sería alguien que ya ha
demostrado la experiencia en la formación y liderazgo de un grupo similar.
Juan Cornejo de la Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) me vino a la mente como el
sustituto más obvio en todos los casos. El supo crear desde cero un fuerte grupo de
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interés para el Pavo de Cacho (Oreophasis derbianus), el cual por varios años ha
logrado con éxito organizar reuniones periodicas, financiar proyectos y crear planes de
acción. Juan ha aceptado amablemente mi petición de llenar mis zapatos como nuevo
Presidente del CSG, y de llevarnos hacia delante.
No puedo agradecerles lo suficiente a todos ustedes por el apoyo durante estos años.
Tampoco puedo decir lo mucho que he disfrutado siendo su Presidente. Para terminar,
me gustaría compartir una versión modificada del discurso de bienvenida que Laura
Cancino leyó en mi ausencia en el reciente simposio en el Perú (ver más ariba).
Proporciona la esencia de lo que siempre he tratado de hacer por el CSG, y anima a
que cada uno de ustedes también lo haga. Aquí está:
Un montón de cosas realmente interesantes han sucedido en el mundo de los crácidos
desde nuestro último Simposio de 4½ años atrás:
Se han llevado a cabo estudios de Crácidos en varios temas de su historia
natural, ecológica y conservación, que eran importantes vacios de información
para algunas especies / regiones.
Nuevas especies de crácidos han sido elevados al especie.
Se lograron investigaciones y programas pioneros de difusión educativa,
métodos de invernadero para el estudio de dispersión y depredación de semillas,
cría en cautiverio y reintroducción, entre otros.
Y para aquellos de ustedes que me conocen, saben que siempre estoy
interesado en presenciar el crecimiento personal - muchos de ustedes han
comenzado o ampliado sus familias y / o comenzado emocionantes nuevas
carreras y desafios!
Por favor, ayuden a hacer su parte para mantener al Grupo de Especialistas en
Crácidos fuerte:
Aproveche cada oportunidad para educar a la prensa, a las personas influyentes
y al público en general acerca de lo que es un Crácido y por qué son importantes
en el mantenimiento integral de los ecosistemas.
Permanezcan activos en la investigación con Crácidos.
Apadrinen/colaboren con uno o más estudiantes.
Continúen publicando sus resultados y contribuyendo regularmente al Bol. CSG.
En las palabras de Garrison Keiller ... cuídense, hagan su trabajo, manténganse en
contacto.
Gracias y lo mejor (¡siempre!)
Dan Brooks
Presidente Emerito CSG
MINHA ÚLTIMA HISTÓRIA DE CRACÍDEOS…
O ano de 1996 foi muito emocionante para mim. Eu tinha apenas começado a trabalhar
no meu doutorado e estava no meio de um projeto de pesquisa de uma década no norte
da Amazônia peruana. Querer comparar outros locais próximos para substituição de
espécies em potencial, eu fiz algumas viagens para outras regiões da Amazônia. Acabei
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viajando para o sudeste da Colômbia, em junho de '96 para ver o que a Amazônia era
naquela área, e em rota através de Miami fui visitar meu amigo e colaborador Stuart
Strahl, que tinha acabado de começar a trabalhar na Audubon da Florida como Diretor
do Programa de Restauração dos Everglades.
Essa visita com Stuart resultou em um passo grande no meu caminho de vida, pois ele
me pediu para ajudar com o Grupo de Especialistas em Cracídeos (CSG), que tinha
experimentado vários anos de inatividade até aquele momento. Refletindo sobre isto e
após fazer perguntas por uma hora, eu decidi aceitar a proposta! Aqueles primeiros
anos no final dos anos 90 estavam cheios de atividade emocionante - muitos simpósios,
financiado expedições de campo, a conclusão do plano de acção e publicação de vários
livros e, claro, o Boletim bi-anual do CSG. Rapidamente tornamos uma força séria a ser
naquela tempo, na qual outros grupos especialista se espelharam. Para dar um
exemplo, nós éramos o grupo especialista primeiro a publicar tudo (inclusive planos de
acção) em três idiomas, assegurando acesso aqueles que precisavam de informações
em primeira mão.
Aqueles foram realmente os 'anos dourados' da CSG. Gradualmente, ao longo da última
década com a mudança de responsabilidades com o trabalho no museu que me
emprega, desloca-se em foco de pesquisa, criar meus filhos e meus problemas de
saúde próprios, comecei a perceber há vários anos que não sou um bom páreo para
prosseguir com o CSG. Eu passei horas incontáveis ao longo dos últimos três anos a
pensar em um substituto adequado para segurar a continuação do grupo. Em todos os
casos, a combinação perfeita seria, obviamente, alguém que tem experiência já
demonstrada em formar e liderar um grupo similar.
Juan Cornejo da Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) me veio como a substituição mais
óbvia em todos os casos. Ele construiu um forte grupo de interesse especialmente
sobre Oreophasis derbianus a partir do zero, arranjando financiamento de projetos e
criando planos de ação para vários anos. Ele gentilmente aceitou meu pedido para
calçar os meus sapatos como novo presidente do CSG, e levar-nos para a frente.
Eu não posso agradecer a todos vocês o suficiente para o seu apoio ao longo dos anos.
Eu também não posso dizer o quanto eu gostei de ser presidente do grupo. Para
encerrar, eu gostaria de compartilhar uma versão modificada do discurso de boas
vindas que Laura Cancino leu na minha ausência no Simpósio recentemente realizado
no Peru (veja abaixo). Ele fornece a essência do que eu sempre tentei fazer para o
CSG, e gostaria de incentivar cada um de vocês para fazer também. Aqui está:
Um monte de atividades realmente interessantes têm acontecido no mundo de
cracídeos desde a nossa última Simpósio 4 ½ anos atrás:
Estudos de cracídeos foram realizados sobre uma variedade de temas em
história natural, ecológia e conservação que foram grandes lacunas de
determinadas espécies ou regiões
Novas espécies de cracídeos foram elevados à categoria de espécies
Pesquisa pioneira e programação foi realizada em programas educativos, com
abordagens de efeito estufa para a dispersão de sementes e estudos sobre
predação, reprodução em cativeiro e reintrodução, e vários outros tópicos
E para aqueles de vocês que me conhecem, sabem que eu sou sempre mais
interessados em testemunhar o crescimento pessoal - muitos de vocês já
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começaram ou expandiram suas famílias e / ou iniciado excitantes novas
carreiras ou oportunidades!
Por favor, ajude a fazer a sua parte em manter o Grupo de Especialistas em Cracídeos
forte:
Aproveite todas as oportunidades para educar a imprensa, pessoas de influência
e do público em geral sobre o que um Cracídeos e por que eles são importantes
na manutenção dos ecossistemas
Permaneça ativo na investigação Cracídeos
Supervisione e colaborare com um ou mais estudantes de mérito
Continue a publicar os resultados e contribuir regularmente para a Bol. CSG
Nas palavras de Garrison Keiller ... fique bem, trabalhe duro, mantenha contato.
Obrigado e coisas boas (sempre!),
Dan Brooks
Presidente Emérito do CSG
MY FINAL CRACID STORY…
The year 1996 was an exciting one for me. I had just begun working on my Ph.D. and
was in the middle of a decade-long research project in the northern Peruvian Amazon.
Wanting to compare other nearby sites for potential species turnover, I made some trips
to other Amazonian regions. I ended up traveling to southeast Colombia in June of ‘96
to see what the Amazon was like in that area, and en-route through Miami went to visit
my friend and colleague Stuart Strahl, who had just begun a job as Director of Florida
Audubon’s Everglades Restoration Program.
That visit with Stuart resulted in a seriously large stepping stone in my pathway of life,
for he asked me to help out with the Cracid Specialist Group, which had experienced
several years of inactivity at the time. Thinking it over and asking questions for an hour
or so, I decided to go for it! Those early years in the late 90’s were full of exciting activity
– many symposia, funded fieldwork expeditions, action plan completion and publication
of numerous books, and of course the bi-annual Bulletin of the CSG. We quickly
became a serious force to be reckoned with during that time, and set the bar for many
other specialist groups. To provide one example, we were the first specialist group to
publish everything (including Action Plans) trilingually, insuring those who needed the
information most would have first-hand access to same.
Those were indeed the ‘golden years’ of the CSG. Gradually over the last decade with
changing responsibilities with work at the museum that employs me, shifts in research
focus, having kids and my own health issues, I began to realize several years ago that I
am no longer a good match to lead the CSG. I have spent countless hours over the last
three years thinking about a suitable replacement to insure the group continues to march
forward strong and determined. In all cases, the perfect match would obviously be
someone who has already demonstrated experience in forming and leading a similar
group.
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Juan Cornejo of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) rose to the surface as the most
obvious replacement in all cases. He built a very strong Horned Guan (Oreophasis
derbianus) special interest group from scratch, that has been successful meeting,
funding projects and creating action plans for several years now. He has kindly
accepted my request to fill my shoes as the new CSG Chair, and carry us forward.
I can’t thank all of you enough for your support over the years. I also can’t tell you how
much I’ve enjoyed being your Chair. In closing, I would like to share a modified version
of the welcome address Laura Cancino read in my absence at the recent Symposium in
Peru (see above). It provides the essence of what I’ve always tried to do for the CSG,
and would encourage each of you to do also. Here it is:
A lot of really exciting things have happened in the world of Cracids since our last
Symposium 4½ yrs ago:
Cracid studies have been accomplished on a variety of natural history, ecological
and conservation topics that were major gaps for certain species/regions
New species of Cracids have been elevated to species rank
Pioneering research and programming was accomplished for educational
outreach, greenhouse approaches to seed dispersal and predation studies,
captive breeding and reintroduction, and various other topics
And for those of you who know me, you know that I’m always most interested in
witnessing personal growth - many of you have started or expanded your families
and/or begun exciting new careers or opportunities!
Please help do your part in keeping the Cracid Specialist Group going strong:
Take every opportunity to educate the press, people of influence and the general
public about what a Cracid is and why they are important in maintaining integral
ecosystems
Remain active in Cracid research
Mentor/collaborate with one or more students of merit
Continue to publish results and contribute regularly to the Bol. CSG
In the words of Garrison Keiller… be well, do go work, stay in touch.
Thanks and good things (always!),
Dan Brooks
CSG Emeritus Chair
UN NUEVO ALGUACIL EN EL PUEBLO…
El CSG los constituyen los principales actores en la investigación y conservación de los
cracidos a nivel mundial. Gracias a sus miembros se tiene un mejor conocimiento del
importante papel que desempeñan en sus ecosistemas, así como de las amenazas que
los afectan.
Es sin duda un gran orgullo para mi aceptar la responsabilidad de fungir como el nuevo
Chair del CSG, continuando el trabajo que comenzó Stuart Strahl y que Dan continuó
llevándolo al nivel en el que está. Me comprometo a que el CSG siga apoyando y
facilitando los esfuerzos de conservación e investigación de la familia Cracidae.
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Entre los objetivos que planteo para el grupo están:
• Aumentar la membresía, y al mismo tiempo fomentar la participación de los
miembros.
• Expandir la página web como fuente de recursos e información acerca de los
cracidos y su conservación.
• Continuar editando y difundiendo el boletín bi-anual como principal canal de
comunicación entre los miembros.
• Seguir sirviendo de apoyo para los proyectos de conservación ex situ e in situ,
incluyendo búsqueda de fondos.
• Continuar organizando simposios y talleres que ayuden a la actualización e
intercambio de información entre miembros.
• Crear y mantener una base de registros bibliográficos sobre cracidos, accesible
a través de la página web.
• Actualizar el Plan de Acción de Cracidos, publicado en el 2006.
• Facilitar la obtención de financiamiento para proyectos.
• Mandar una cuestionario a los miembros para saber su opinión acerca del CSG
y sus oportunidades a futuro.
Todas estas acciones no se podrán lograr sin el trabajo de los coordinadores regionales
y la red internacional de miembros. Por eso les animo a que continúen involucrándose
en el grupo, y trabajando con los cracidos con la misma pasión que vienen haciéndolo.
Por ultimo, a nombre de todos los miembros del CSG, me gustaría dar las gracias a Dan
por su dedicación y trabajo durante los últimos 17 años. Le agradezco el voto de
confianza que pone en mi, así como a WCS por el apoyo que me ofrece para
desempeñarme como Chair del CSG. Espero estar a la altura de la responsabilidad.
Saludos cordiales,
Juan Cornejo
Presidente CSG
UM NOVO XERIFE NA CIDADE
A CSG é formado pelos principais interessados na investigação e conservação de
Cracídeos em todo o mundo. Graças a seus membros somos capazes de saber o
importante papel que os cracídeos têm em seus ecossistemas, bem como as ameaças
que devem ser tratadas.
É uma grande honra aceitar a responsabilidade de se tornar o presidente do CSG,
acompanhando o trabalho que Stuart Strahl começou, e Dan continuou e levou ao seu
nível actual. Comprometo-me a garantir que CSG continue a apoiar e facilitar a
conservação e o esforço de investigação de Cracidae.
Entre os objetivos que eu imagino para o grupo são:
• Aumentar a participação e incentivar a participação.
11
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Expandir a página web como fonte de recursos e informações sobre os
cracídeos e sua conservação.
Continuar a edição e distribuição da Bolletin bi-anual, como principal canal de
comunicação entre os membros.
Continuar a servir como suporte para e iniciativas de conservação in-situ e exsitu, incluindo angariação de fundos.
Continuar com a organização de simpósios e workshops que ajudam na
atualização e troca de informações entre os membros
Criar e manter um banco de dados bibliográfica Cracídeos, acessível através da
página web.
Atualizar o Plano de Acção Cracídeos, por último, publicado em 2006.
Enviar um inquérito a todos os membros para obter a sua opinião sobre o CSG e
suas oportunidades futuras.
Todas essas ações não será possível sem o trabalho dos coordenadores regionais e da
rede de membros internacionais. É por isso que incentivamos todos a se envolverem
mais no CSG, e continuar a trabalhar com cracídeos com a mesma paixão que você
faz.
Por último, e em nome de todos os membros da CSG, gostaria de agradecer ao Dan
por sua dedicação e trabalho durante os últimos 17 anos. Sou grato a Dan por me dar
seu voto de confiança, bem como a WCS para o apoio que tem que desempenhar as
funções de presidente do CSG. Espero estar à altura das expectativas.
Atenciosametne,
Juan Cornejo
Presidente do CSG
A NEW SHERIFF IN TOWN…
The CSG is formed by the main players in Cracid research and conservation
around the world. Thanks to its members we are able to know the important role
that Cracids have in their ecosystems, as well as the threats they are dealing
with.
It is a great honor to accept the responsibility of becoming the Chair of the CSG,
following up the work that Stuart Strahl started, and Dan continued and took to its
actual level. I commit myself to ensure that CSG continues supporting and
facilitating the conservation and research effort of the Cracidae.
Among the objectives that I envision for the group are:
• Increase the membership, and encourage participation.
• Expand the web page as a source of resources and information about
Cracids and their conservation.
• Continue editing and distributing the bi-annual Bolletin, as a main
communication channel between the members.
12
•
•
•
•
•
Continue to serve as support for in-situ and ex-situ conservation initiatives,
including fund raising.
Continue with the organization of symposia and workshops that help in the
update and exchange of information between members
Create and maintain a bibliographic Cracid database, accessible through
the web page.
Update the Cracid Action Plan, last published in 2006.
Send a survey to all members to seek their opinion about the CSG and its
future opportunities.
All of these actions won’t be achievable without the work of the regional
coordinators and the network of international members. That is why I encourage
all to get more involved in CSG, and continue to work with Cracids with the same
passion as you do.
Last, and on behalf of all the CSG members, I would like to thank Dan for his
dedication and work during the last 17 years. I’m grateful to Dan for giving me
his vote of confidence, as well as to WCS for the support I have to perform the
duties of Chair of the CSG. I hope to be up to the expectations.
Best Wishes,
Juan Cornejo
CSG Chair
NOTICIAS DE ALREDEDOR DEL MUNDO
CAROLINA Bertsch (daubentoni <at>gmail.com) de la Wildlife Conservation
Society ha estado coordinando estudios de crácidos de la cuenca alta del río
Caura de Venezuela desde 2009. Su equipo ha llevado a cabo un estudio con
camaras trampa a lo largo de 180 km2 durante tres estudios mensuales (hasta
junio de 2011) a lo largo de aproximadamente 60 a 70 km2/estudio y con
cámaras trampa espaciadas entre 2-3 km. Las cámaras capturaron
principalmente fotos de Psophia crepitans (39 eventos), Crax alector (19
eventos), asi como M. tomentosa y P. jacquacu (4 eventos cada uno).
LAURA Cancino (laurarosacancino <at>gmail.com) está trabajando en su tesis
doctoral en la Universidad de Kent, Ohio, bajo la dirección de Oscar Rocha. Su
tesis se enfocará a la genética de poblaciones del Peligro Crítico de la pava
aliblanca (Penelope albipennis), y DANIEL BROOKS está ayudando en su
comité de tesis. Ella convocó el XI Simposio Regional Crácidos en Cusco, Perú
junto con Fernando Angulo (véase el informe anterior).
Juan Cornejo (jcornejo <at> wcs.org) completará pronto su doctorado en la
Universidad de Texas A & M asesorado por DONALD BRIGHTSMITH. En el
otoño pasado comenzó a trabajar como becario de la curaduria de ornitología
del Zoologico del Bronx/WCS. Recientemente ha ampliado su papel en la
13
conservación de Crácidos reemplazando a DANIEL BROOKS como Presidente
del Grupo de Especialistas en Crácidos (ver arriba).
ADRIAN DI GIACOMO (digiacomo.adrian <at> gmail.com) del CONICET,
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, está trabajando con las aves
amenazadas del NE de Argentina. La protección legal de Crax fasciolata fue
impulsada durante una reciente reunión ornitológica organizada en Formosa y
del gobernador de Formosa, declaró a C. fasciolata como un "Monumento
Natural", una figura jurídica para la conservación de especies o de los sitios de
gran importancia. El gobernador es un conservacionista y está muy interesado
en las aves. Adrian está contribuyendo el texto de una ley provincial para ser
discutida por el congreso provincial. Su mayor desafío es informar a otras
personas que no están completamente convencidos de la importancia de la
conservación de los Crácidos
ELIANA FIERRO CALDERÓN (eli.fierro <at>gmail.com) de la Asociación
Calidris, Colombia, recibió fondos de Rufford para estudiar la densidad de
población de la Pava Baudo (Penelope ortoni) en el Parque Nacional de los
Farallones de Colombia, desde mayo 2010 a mayo 2011, centrándose en una
pequeña zona llamada Alto Anchicayá. Acaba de recibir nuevos fondos en la
primavera pasada del CBOT - ESF para ampliar el trabajo de campo en la
comarca del Bajo Anchicayá y cubrir más transectos. En este estudio, además
de evaluar la densidad, evaluará las amenazas a la especie en la zona, y
sensibilizara a la comunidad local de las especies amenazadas y los
ecosistemas de ellos
JOSE LUIS LOPEZ (bio_lopez <at> yahoo.com) está trabajando en las tierras
altas de Helvetas, Guatemala con dos proyectos de gestión y conservación de la
comunidad y las reservas forestales municipales. Han identificado el Pavo de
Cacho (Oreophasis derbianus) como una especie clave en algunos de los
bosques y estáN tratando de implementar un sistema de monitoreo basado en la
comunidad.
SASKIA LUBBERS (saskia.lubbers <at> wur.nl) y KYO LELIVELD del Instituto
Van Hall, Países Bajos están interesados en evaluar la distribución de la
disminución de la población de Penelopina nigra y el hocofaisan Crax rubra en
Nicaragua. Están utilizando modelos Maxent para crear un mapa de SIG en
capas.
SILVINA MALZOF (silvinamalzof <at> ege.fcen.uba.ar) del Departamento de
Ecología Genética y Evolución en la Universidad. Buenos Aires pronto iniciará
un proyecto con el guardaparques DANIEL BODRATTI MASINO y la población
indígena local de la isla de Martín García, Argentina. El proyecto consiste en
crear un programa de cría, monitoreo e investigación para Penelope obscura en
cautiverio, con el objetivo futuro de la reintroducción de la progenie. Las
autoridades del gobierno argentino se han interesado en este proyecto, por su
potencial turistico, y quieren que sea de interés nacional.
14
CHRISTIAN OLACIREGUI PINEDA (c.olaciregui <at> zoobaq.org) del Zoologico
de Barranquilla, Colombia está iniciando una investigación y plan de
conservación del Paujil de Pico Azul (Crax alberti). Ellos están interesados en
estudiar y conservar las poblaciones en el norte de Colombia, así como en el
desarrollo de acciones encaminadas a la cría en cautividad. Ellos han estado
estudiando durante dos años la densidad y ecología de una población en las
montañas de Santa Marta
JESSICA ORTEGA (ortegaarguelles <at>gmail.com) de la Universidad Nacional
Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales "Ezequiel Zamora" esta estudiando el
micro-hábitat de anidación de Pauxi pauxi en el Parque Nacional Yacambú. Esta
investigación será muy útil para ayudar a los esfuerzos conjuntos en la
conservación de esta especie.
VICTOR Setina (vsetina gmail.com <at>) fue al Departamento de Guaviare,
Colombia el pasado febrero-marzo para aconsejar a los niños de escuelas
rurales en proyectos de investigación. Al realizar entrevistas con las
comunidades campesinas e indígenas, estas identificaron Crax alector en la guia
de campo de aves de Colombia de Hilty y Brown. Víctor se ha interesado mucho
en las relaciones entre el hombre y los crácidos, y realizaron algunas entrevistas
sobre las técnicas de caza; algunos cazadores imitan el llamado de Crax alector
para capturar los hocofaisanes. En el 2012 se espera explorar el Río Ariari para
confirmar la presencia de Crax alector.
NOTÍCIAS AO REDOR DO MUNDO
CAROLINA Bertsch (daubentoni <at> gmail.com) do Wildlife Conservation Society vem
coordenando estudos de cracídeos na Bacia do Alto Caura na Venezuela desde 2009.
Sua equipe vem realizando um levantamento de câmera armadilha ao longo de 180 km2
durante três vezes mensalmente (até junho de 2011) cobrindo aproximadamente 60-70
km2/levantamento e com armadilhas fotográficas espaçadas entre 2-3 km de distância.
As câmeras capturaram principalmente fotos de Crax alector (19 eventos), Psophia
crepitans (39 eventos), e M. tomentosa e P. jacquacu (4 eventos cada).
LAURA CANCINO (laurarosacancino <at> gmail.com) está trabalhando em sua
dissertação na Universidade de Kent, Ohio, sob a direção de OSCAR ROCHA. Sua
dissertação vai lidar com a genética de populações do Criticamente em Perigo
Penelope albipennis, e DANIEL BROOKS está ajudando em seu comitê de orientação.
Ela também esteve envolvida no XI Simpósio Regional Cracídeos em Cusco, Peru com
FERNANDO ANGULO (veja acima).
JUAN CORNEJO (jcornejo <at> wcs.org; j.cornejo.c <at> hotmail.com) em breve
completará seu doutorado na Texas A & M University, sob orientação de DONALD
BRIGHTSMITH. No outono passado, ele começou a trabalhar no Departamento de
Ornitologia do Bronx Zoo. Ele ampliou recentemente seu papel na conservação de
cracídeos ao tomar lugar de DANIEL BROOKS como presidente do Grupo Especialista
de Cracídeos (veja acima).
15
ADRIAN DI GIACOMO (digiacomo.adrian <at>) gmail.com do CONICET, Univ. Buenos
Aires, Argentina, está trabalhando com aves ameaçadas na Argentina. A proteção
jurídica de Crax fasciolata foi promovido durante uma recente reunião ornitológica
organizado em Formosa e o governador de Formosa declarou C. fasciolata um
"Monumento Natural", uma figura legal para a preservação de espécies ou locais de
grande importância. O governador é um conservacionista e está muito interessado em
aves. Adrian está contribuindo com o texto de uma lei provincial de ser tratado pelo
Congresso provincial. Seu maior desafio é informar outras pessoas que não estão
completamente convencidos da importância da conservação de cracídeos.
ELIANA FIERRO CALDERÓN (eli.fierro <at> gmail.com) da Asociación Calidris,
Colômbia, recebeu financiamento da Rufford para estudar a densidade populacional de
Penelope ortoni, no Parque Nacional Los Farallones, na Colômbia a partir de maio de
2010 - Maio de 2011, concentrando dentro de uma pequena área chamada Alto
Anchicayá. Ela acaba de receber novos fundos na última primavera da CBOT - ESF
para estender o trabalho de campo para a área Bajo Anchicayá e cobrir mais
transectos. No presente estudo, além de avaliar a densidade ela vai avaliar as ameaças
para as espécies da região, e sensibilizar a comunidade local de espécies ameaçadas e
ecossistema deles.
JOSE LUIS LOPEZ (bio_lopez <at> yahoo.com) está trabalhando nas terras altas da
Helvetas, Guatemala com dois projetos de gestão e comunidade conservação e
reservas florestais municipais. Eles identificaram Oreophasis derbianus como espéciechave em algumas das florestas e ele está tentando implementar um sistema de
monitorização baseado na comunidade.
SASKIA LUBBERS (saskia.lubbers <at> wur.nl) e LELIVELD KYO da Van Hall Instituto,
Países Baixos estão interessados em avaliar a distribuição de declínio da população de
Penelopina nigra e Crax rubra na Nicarágua. Eles estão usando modelagem Maxent
para criar um mapa GIS em camadas.
SILVINA MALZOF (silvinamalzof <at> ege.fcen.uba.ar) do Departamento de Ecologia
Genética y Evolución da Univ. Buenos Aires em breve iniciará um projeto com DANIEL
BODRATTI MASINO e a população indígena local da Ilha de Martin Garcia, Argentina.
O projeto é criar um programa de monitoramento, criação e pesquisa para Penelope
obscura em cativeiro, com o objetivo futuro de reintroduzir a progênie. As autoridades
do governo argentino tem tido um interesse neste projeto, como um potencial turístico, e
de interesse nacional.
CHRISTIAN OLACIREGUI PINEDA (c.olaciregui <at> zoobaq.org) da Zoologica de
Barranquilla, Colômbia está começando uma pesquisa e plano de conservação para o
Crax alberti. Eles estão interessados em estudar e conservar as populações do norte da
Colômbia, bem como desenvolver ações no sentido de reprodução em cativeiro. Eles
vêm estudando a densidade e ecologia em uma população nas montanhas Santa Marta
por dois anos.
JESSICA ORTEGA (ortegaarguelles <at> gmail.com) da Universidad Nacional
Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales "Ezequiel Zamora" está estudando microhabitat de nidificação de Pauxi pauxi no Parque Nacional Yacambú. Esta pesquisa será
muito útil para ajudar os esforços conjuntos na conservação desta espécie.
16
VICTOR SETINA (vsetina <at> gmail.com) foi para Guaviare, Colômbia em fevereiromarço para aconselhar as crianças de escolas rurais em projetos de pesquisa. Ele
entrevistou as comunidades camponesas e indígenas, onde eles identificaram Crax
alector a partir de um guia de campo de aves da Colombia de Hilty e Brown. Victor
tornou-se muito interessado nas relações entre homem e cracídeos, e realizou algumas
entrevistas sobre técnicas de caça, alguns caçadores fazem vocalização Crax para
capturar os mutuns. Em 2012, ele espera explorar o Rio Ariari para confirmar a
presença de Crax.
NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD
CAROLINA BERTSCH (daubentoni <at> gmail.com) of the Wildlife Conservation Society
has been coordinating Cracid studies in the Upper Caura River Basin of Venezuela
since 2009. Her team has been conducting a camera trap survey along 180 km2 during
three monthly surveys (until June 2011) over approximately 60-70 km2/survey and with
camera traps spaced between 2-3 km apart. The cameras captured primarily photos of
Crax alector (19 events), Psophia crepitans (39 events), and M. tomentosa and P.
jacquacu (4 events each).
LAURA CANCINO (laurarosacancino <at> gmail.com) is working on her dissertation at
Kent University, Ohio under the direction of OSCAR ROCHA. Her dissertation will deal
with population genetics of the Critically Endangered White-winged Guan (Penelope
albipennis), and DANIEL BROOKS is helping out on her dissertation committee. She
has also Co-Convened the XI Regional Cracid Symposium in Cusco, Peru with
FERNANDO ANGULO (see previous report).
JUAN CORNEJO (jcornejo <at> wcs.org; j.cornejo.c <at> hotmail.com) will soon
complete his Ph.D. at Texas A&M University under DONALD BRIGHTSMITH. Last fall
he began work as a Curatorial Science Fellow in the Ornithology Dept. at WCS’ Bronx
Zoo. He has recently expanded his role in Cracid conservation by replacinge DANIEL
BROOKS as Chair of the Cracid Specialist Group (see above).
ADRIAN DI GIACOMO (digiacomo.adrian <at>gmail.com) of CONICET, Univ. Buenos
Aires, Argentina, is working with threatened birds in the NE Argentina. The legal
protection of Crax fasciolata was promoted during a recent ornithological meeting
organized in Formosa and the governor of Formosa declared C. fasciolata a "Natural
Monument", a legal figure for preserving species or sites of great importance. The
governor is a conservationist and is very interested in birds. Adrian is contributing the
text of a provincial law to be treated by the provincial congress. His biggest challenge is
informing other people who are not completely convinced of the importance of Cracid
conservation.
ELIANA FIERRO CALDERÓN (eli.fierro <at> gmail.com) of Asociación CALIDRIS,
Colombia, received funding from Rufford to study population density of the Baudo Guan
(Penelope ortoni) in Los Farallones National Park, Colombia from May 2010 – May
2011, focusing within a small area called Alto Anchicayá. She just received new funds
last spring from CBOT – ESF to extend the fieldwork to the Bajo Anchicayá area and
cover more transects. In this current study, in addition to assessing density she will
17
evaluate threats to the species in the area, and raise local community awareness of
threatened species and theirs ecosystem.
JOSE LUIS LOPEZ (bio_lopez <at> yahoo.com) is working in the highlands of Helvetas,
Guatemala with two projects managing and conserving community and municipal forest
reserves. They have identified the Horned Guan (Oreophasis derbianus) as a key
species in some of the forests and he is trying to implement a community-based
monitoring system.
SASKIA LUBBERS (saskia.lubbers <at> wur.nl) and KYO LELIVELD of the Van Hall
Institute, Netherlands are interested in assessing distribution of population declines of
the Highland Guan (Penelopina nigra) and Great Curassow (Crax rubra) in Nicaragua.
They are using Maxent modeling to create a layered GIS map.
SILVINA MALZOF (silvinamalzof <at> ege.fcen.uba.ar) of the Dept. de Ecología
Genética y Evolución at Univ. Buenos Aires will soon be initiating a project with Ranger
DANIEL BODRATTI MASINO and the local indigenous population of Island Martin
Garcia, Argentina. The project is to create a breeding, monitoring and research program
for Dusky-legged Guans (Penelope obscura) in captivity with the future goal of
reintroducing the progeny. The Argentine government authorities have taken an interest
in this project, as a potential tourism draw, and want it to be of national interest.
CHRISTIAN OLACIREGUI PINEDA (c.olaciregui <at> zoobaq.org) of Zoológica de
Barranquilla, Colombia is starting a research and conservation plan for the Blue-billed
Curassow (Crax alberti). They are interested in studying and conserving populations in
northern Colombia, as well as developing actions towards captive breeding. They have
been studying density and ecology in a population in the Santa Marta mountains for two
years.
JESSICA ORTEGA (ortegaarguelles <at> gmail.com) from the Universidad Nacional
Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales "Ezequiel Zamora" is studying nesting microhabitat of Pauxi pauxi in Parque Nacional Yacambú. This research will be very useful to
help joint efforts in conserving this species.
VICTOR SETINA (vsetina <at> gmail.com) went to Guaviare Dept., Colombia last
February-March to advise rural school children on research projects. Conducting
interviews with peasant and indigenous communities, they identified Crax alector from
Hilty and Brown’s Birds of Colombia field guide. Victor has become very interested in
relationships between man and Cracids, and conducted some interviews on hunting
techniques; some hunters make Crax vocalization to capture the curassows. In 2012 he
hopes to explore the Rio Ariari to confirm the presence of Crax.
ARTICULOS
ARTIGOS
ARTICLES
18
A frame from the video depicting a Sickle-winged Guan (Chamaepetes goudotii)
perched on the bump, next to the dust bath bowl (photo by aburranatural.org)
Dustbathing behavior of the Sickle-winged Guan (Chamaepetes goudotii)
Carlos A. Delgado-V.#^ Juana C. Correa-H.^, Andrés Arias-Alzate^* and Sebastián Botero*
#
Inst. Cons. Biol. and Env. Mgmt., School of Biol. Sci., Univ. Wollongong,
Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia - [email protected]
^aburranatural.org
*Grupo de Mastozoología CTUA, Inst. Biología, Univ. Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
RESUMEN – COMPORTAMIENTO DEL BANIO DE ARENA DE LA PAVA
MARAQUERA (Chamaepetes goudotii). Basados en 14 videos obtenidos con un
esfuerzo de 994 cámaras trampa-día, describimos el comportamiento del baño de arena
de una especie montana de Crácido, la pava Chamaepetes goudotii en una reserva
pequeña que se encuentra aproximadamente a 30 km al sureste de Medellín, Colombia.
RESUMO – COMPORTAMENTO DE BANHO DE AREIA DE (Chamaepetes goudotii).
Com base em 14 vídeos obtidos com 994 câmeras-armadilha, descrevemos o
comportamento de banho em areia de uma espécie de cracídeo, Chamaepetes
goudotti, em uma pequena reserva a 30 Km ao sudeste de Medellín, Colômbia.
The Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii ranges throughout the northern Andes,
from Venezuela through Colombia and Peru, and northern Bolivia (Delacour and
Amadon 2004). Its extensive geographic distribution is perhaps a result of this species
occurrence in native forest patches around some Andean urban centers (SAO 1999).
19
C. goudotii is mostly arboreal, roosting, nesting and feeding primarily in trees, and
preferentially moving in the middle forest strata to forage (Greeney 2005, Greeney and
Erazo 2005, Londoño et al. 2007). However, it is also detected on the forest floor
(Delacour and Amador 2004), where nothing is known of its natural history. Londoño et
al. (2007) suggests this species visits the forest floor to capture terrestrial invertebrates
because its ability to capture arboreal insects or other arboreal animals is limited.
Greeney (2005) reports guans descending to the ground to drink from standing water
along roadsides.
C. goudotii at our study site has been observed primarily in arboreal strata, however it
has also been recorded on the ground with automatic video cameras. Herein, we
describe one of the activities that C. goudotii performs on the forest floor, which helps to
understand its natural history and terrestrial behavior exhibited by this species in the
forest understory.
METHODS
The study site was the reserve San Sebastián-La Castellana (SSLC hereafter), an
Important Bird Area located in the peri-urban area of Medellín, the second largest urban
center in Colombia (see Delgado-V. 2002 for details and habitat description).
Dustbathing behavior was observed through the use of camera traps running in video
mode. The automatic video cameras used were Bushnell Infrared and Motion Activated
Trophy Cams with the following settings: 5MP high-quality full color resolution, day/night
autosensor, programmable trigger interval of 1-2 sec, 1 image per trigger, and 60 sec
video length. One to three cameras (one camera per station) were set parallel from the
main trail (3-5 m apart) in secondary native forest. Cameras were used from December
2009 - February 2011 (one camera from 11 December 2009 - 11 April 2010, two from 12
April - 9 May 2010 and three from 10 May 2010 - 7 February 2011). Cameras were
installed facing the ground in tree trunks ~50–80 cm from the ground.
RESULTS
An edited video clip of the dustbathing behavior can be viewed at
http://aburranatural.org/index.php?p=1_59. Fourteen video clips (see
Acknowledgements) were captured of at least one individual bathing alone, probably a
female (based on the weak blue coloring around eyes and bill). All video clips were
taken in a single camera station located at 2800 m and set 5 m from the main trail that
crosses the reserve. Although the specific bathing spot was partially out of range
(usually just half or one-third of the body was completely visible on videos), we were
able to offer a brief description of the dusbathing behavior, as well as date, time of day,
and approximate duration of each event, which is summarized below.
The first dustbathing event was recorded on 5 February 2010 from 16:21-16:28 hrs. An
individual approached the spot and after pecking the ground ~10 times, laid down on the
ground. It then scratched the ground with its feet, moving fallen leaves and forming a
shallow depression in the earth such that it came in close contact with the bare ground.
Then it made small turns while laying down in the depression, tossing up soil with feet
and wings. After 7 min the individual stood up and walked slowly and cautiously until
reaching a small bump on the ground where it perched and stretched its body slightly.
Apparently the same individual returned at 16:58 and dustbathed until 17:29 hrs. Once
20
finished it vigorously shook then perched at the same spot, where it shook its body three
times and stretched its body and wings again.
On 7 February 2010 (two days after the first dustbath) a single individual was recorded
coming from the same direction. It stopped briefly at 17:18 hrs on the same spot but did
not dustbathe. Finally, on 13 February 2010 a shorter dustbath took place at 16:42 hrs
lasting 2 min. As the first event, it perched on the same bump.
DISCUSSION
Dustbathing is characteristic behavior of many Cracids (Ochoa-Quintero et al. 2005). It
is considered important in ectoparastite defense, keeps feathers in good condition, and
maintains the adequate amount of oil on the plumage (Clayton et al. 2010). In species
such as the Horned Guan (Oreophasis derbianus), dustbathing seems to be an
important factor during courtship as male-female pairs bathe together (González-García
1994). As no other individual was observed dustbathing, we assume the video recorded
a single individual for reasons other than courtship. Londoño et al. (2007) detected
sickle-winged guans dustbathing on the forest floor, however no other details were
provided so the reason remains unknown.
González-García (1994) reports that dustbathing for the Horned Guan in Central
America takes place when the sun penetrates the canopy and reaches the ground.
Despite this fact both bathing sessions were late in the afternoon; the time likely
coincided with strong sun exposure since the slope of the forest where the camera was
set was partially facing the sun’s descent.
Although camera traps running in video mode were kept on for 24 hrs at the same
location for > 1 yr after the recorded dustbathing, additional records of this behavior were
not recorded. This situation suggests that guans change dustbathing sites.
We hope this note motivates others to carry out long-term video trapping projects which
could offer a more complete picture of the frequency and role of dustbathing for this
species and other Cracids. Although great strides in our knowledge of Cracid behavior
and ecology have taken place the last three decades, this avian family remains one of
the most challenging to study (Brooks and Fuller 2006). Indeed, Cracids are one of the
best candidates to detect and monitor by camera trapping, a technique still barely used
by Neotropical ornithologists (Delgado-V. et al. in prep.).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Results presented are part of the urban nature initiative called www.aburranatural.org,
where scientists and naturalists compile, publish and diffuse natural history and
biodiversity information of the Valle de Aburrá and San Nicolás regions where the
reserve is located. The objective of the project is to provide many video clips of the
reserve’s fauna to promote conservation of the region’s biodiversity and raise awareness
of the fauna still present near an important urban area. We wish to thank Idea Wild for
providing support, and to D.M. Brooks for his valuable comments.
REFERENCES
21
Brooks, D.M. and R.A. Fuller. 2006. Chapter 1: Biology and Conservation of Cracids. Pp.
9-21 In: Conserving Cracids: the most Threatened Family of Birds in the Americas (D.M.
Brooks, Ed.). Misc. Publ. Houston Mus. Nat. Sci., No. 6, Houston, TX.
Clayton, D.H., J.A.H. Koop, C.W. Harbison, B.R. Moyer and S.E. Bush. 2010. How birds
combat ectoparasites. Open Ornith. J. 3: 41-71.
Delacour, J. and D. Amadon. 2004. Curassows and Related Birds. Lynx Edic. and Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., Barcelona, Spain and NY, USA.
Delgado-V., C.A. 2002. Food habits and habitat of the Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous
in the highlands of eastern Antioquia Dept., Cordillera Central, Colombia. Mammalia 66:
603-605.
González-García, F. 1995. Behavior of horned guans in Chiapas, Mexico. Wils. Bull.
106: 357-365.
Greeney, H.F. 2005. The nest, eggs and incubation behaviour of Sickle-winged Guan
Chamaepetes goudotii fagani in western Ecuador. Bull. Br. Orn. Cl. 125: 113-116.
Greeney, H.F. and S.L. Erazo. 2005. Nido de Chamaepetes goudotii tschudii en
Ecuador oriental. Bol. CSG 21: 38-46.
Londoño, G.A., M.C. Muñoz and M.M. Rios. 2007. Density and natural history of the
Sickle-winged guan (Chamaepetes goudotii) in the Central Andes, Colombia. Wils. J.
Ornith. 119: 228-238.
Ochoa-Quintero, J.M., I. Melo-Vásquez, J.A. Palacio-Vieira and A.M. Patiño. 2005.
Nuevos registros y notas sobre la historia natural del paujil colombiano Crax alberti al
nororiente de la Cordillera Central colombiana. Orn. Col. 3: 42-50.
SAO, Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología. 1999. Aves del Valle de Aburrá. Área
Metropolitana. Ed. Colina. Medellín, Colombia.
22
PROYECTO PAVO: results of a community-based study
on the status and habitat use of the Wattled Guan Aburria aburri
Harold F. Greeney, Jose Simbaña, Luis Salagaje, Wilmer Simbaña, Hugo Jati,
Andrés Reyes, Janina Zambrano, Darwin Miphut, Christian Cumanicho,
Lucia Salazar and Victor Quinchimbla
Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies,
Cosanga, Napo Province, Ecuador, c/o 721 Foch y Amazonas, Quito, Ecuador [email protected]
RESUMEN – PROYECTO PAVO: RESULTADOS DE UN ESTUDIO BASADO EN LA
COMUNIDAD DEL ESTADO Y USO DEL HABITAT DE LA PAVA ABURRIA Aburria
aburri. Presentamos los resultados de los talleres destinados a lograr que las
comunidad foco se involucre en la conservación de Aburria aburri. Esto se logró a través
de la capacitación practica de los residentes locales asi como mediante salidas al
campo (provincia de Napo, Ecuador) para trabajar directamente con los biólogos de
aves. Las pavas adultas cantaban tanto en hábitat primario como en hábitat alterado
con crecimiento avanzado > 15 hectáreas, pero lo hicieron menos frecuentemente en
parches <10 ha. Los territorios son aproximadamente de 20 hectáreas. Las entrevistas
sugieren que la mayoría de la caza se abandono al comienzo de los 90. Los juveniles se
detectaron desde noviembre hasta finales de febrero y la reproducción podría llevarse a
cabo en zonas gravemente alteradas. Comen frutas de las copas antes de que maduren
y caigan. Las frutas maduras de las Lauraceae son el recurso más importante, seguido
por Ceroxylon, Miconia, Heironyma e insectos (orugas probablemente). Se discute el
proyecto a la luz de su valor de conservación.
RESUMO – PROJETO PAVO: RESULTADOS DE UM ESTUDO COMUNITÁRIO
SOBRE O STATUS E USO DE HABITAT DE Aburria aburri. Apresentamos resultados
de workshops educacionais sobre conservação de Aburria aburri por comunidades
locais. Isso foi acompanhado por trabalhos práticos e de campo com os residentes
locais (Provincia de Napo, Equador) para trabalhar diretamente com ornitologos.
Aves adultas foram observadas cantando em habitat primário e em habit pertubado com
crescimento avançado de > 15 Ha, mas frequentemente em fragmentos de < 10 Ha. Os
territorios apresentaram aproximadamente 20 Ha em tamanho. As entrevistas sugerem
a interrupção de caça no inicio dos anos 90. Aves jovens foram detectadas de
Novembro ao final de fevereiro e reprodução pode ser possivel em areas de severa
23
alteracao ambiental. Frutas sao consumidas na copa das arvores antes de estarem
maduras o suficiente para cairem ao solo por conta propria. Frutos de Lauraceae
maduros sao a fonte mais importante de alimento, seguidos por Ceroxylon, Miconia,
Heironyma e insetos (provavelmente larvas). O projeto é discutido em termos de valor
de conservação.
Collar et al. (1994) and BirdLife International (2000) afforded Wattled Guan (Aburria
aburri) Near-threatened status, yet in Ecuador it is scarce and local and is considered
Vulnerable at the national level (Ridgely and Greenfield 2001, Granizo et al. 2002).
Additionally, the dearth of information and general scarcity of this species throughout its
range has led some authors to suggest it should be considered Endangered at a global
level (Ríos et al. 2005). Regardless of its threat level, however, most conservationists
would agree that this species is in dire need of a more sound understanding of its
behavior, distribution, ecology, and local status, if it is not to join other cracids on the
Critically Endangered list (Rios et al. 2006).
The healthiest Ecuadorian populations of the Wattled Guan are found at elevations of
1200-2100 m (Ridgely and Greenfield 2001), but few studies have looked at any of these
populations in detail. In fact, little is known of the habits of this large, humid cloud forestinhabiting guan, despite is relatively large distribution from Venezuela to southern Peru
(del Hoyo 1994, Delacour and Amadon 2004, Rios et al. 2006). In Ecuador the Wattled
Guan is only occasionally seen along forests borders, but is more frequently heard
calling from areas of relatively intact forest and is infrequently encountered by sight
(Ridgely and Greenfield 2001). Though this species was previously thought to be
confined to mature forests (Delacour and Amadon 2004), more recent observations
suggest that it may indeed be more tolerant of disturbed habitat than was previously
believed (Nadachowski 1994, Ortiz and O’Neill 1997, Donegan et al. 2001, Freile and
Chaves 2004, Rios et al. 2005, Greeney et al. 2009). Thus, given that habitat loss is
presumed to have a major impact on populations (Pulido 1997, Renjifo et al. 2002, Rios
et al. 2006), this species’ recent rapid decline in many areas of its range (Silva 1999,
Salaman et al. 2001, Pacheco 2002) remains largely unexplained. In most areas,
however, hunting pressures are cited along with habitat fragmentation as a potential
source of population declines (Pulido 1997, Silva 1999, Salaman et al. 2001).
The northern Andes are under continued threat from increasing habitat disturbance for
agriculture, cattle, logging and mining. Proyecto Pavo was carried out at the Yanayacu
Biological Station in northeastern Ecuador, located in the Baeza-Cosanga region of the
Quijos Valley, and is aimed at generating conservation interest in the area while
promoting awareness and education of local land owners. We proposed a series of
workshops, discussion groups, and community products using three threatened bird
species to engage local land owners in active conservation practices and citizenscience-type research. We used the Wattled Guan as our flagship species, a nearthreatened member of the local avifauna which is well-known by local residents. We
proposed to create focused workshops to rally the community behind the conservation of
this species and engage land owners in generating and implementing solutions to
decrease habitat destruction and hunting pressure, hoping to instill in land-owners the
awareness and pride necessary to reduce hunting pressures on their lands where guans
are present. We further proposed to provide hands-on training of interested local
residents, by taking them out into the field in small groups to work with biologists
studying bird nests and behavior, giving them a better appreciation for the importance of
24
such studies for conservation. In all, we proposed 4 two-day workshops spread out over
one yr, and 4 research outings carried out between workshops. Here we describe the
biological information gathered for Wattled Guan as well as provide a summary of key
actions and results with recommendations for future work and for the implementation of
similar projects.
METHODS
Study area. We made observations in the area surrounding the towns of Cosanga and
Baeza, from 1800 to 2500 m, Napo province, northeastern Ecuador. Our activities were
coordinated out of, and centered at, the Yanayacu Biological Station and Center for
Creative Studies (0º36’S 77º54’W, 2100 m), focused in the jointly owned reserve of
Cabanas San Isidro, the Napo Andean Forest Foundation and Yanayacu (approximately
2500 ha.).
As Proyecto Pavo was a community-based project, population surveys were not carried
out in the rigorous manner recommended for such studies (Strahl and Silva 1997). We
feel, however, that our results are nonetheless a valuable indicator of population health
in the Cosanga Valley. During periods of vocal activity (see Reproduction section,
below) in 2009-10 and 2010-11, project participants recorded the number of singing
individuals on their respective properties or those of their neighbors. Surveys were
carried out from an elevated point from which singing adults were most detectable while
vocalizing. In addition, local land owners were questioned about sightings of Wattled
Guan on their lands and surrounding areas, and all visual detections of this species were
recorded throughout the year.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Population health
The group detected adults singing from all patches of primary or advanced-growth
(canopy at least 10 m) disturbed habitat > 15 Ha. Four areas of forest estimated to be <
10 Ha were surveyed. One adult was detected vocalizing, but only for a few days in
November 2009. Based on vocalizing adults in one area of ~ 400 Ha, we estimate that
“territories” are approximately 20 Ha in size. We do, however, consider this a very rough
estimate. Overall, the guan population in our area seems rather healthy. The
observations of Mitch Lysinger and HFG, over the past 12 yr suggest the local
population was increasing until around 2004, but have remained steady since then.
Discussions with local land-owners and older members of the community suggest that
most hunting in the area had ceased by the early 1990’s.
Reproduction
Unfortunately, we are able to add little to our scant understanding of Wattled Guan
reproduction. Vocal activities of adults began in November of 2009 and December of
2010. Regular vocalizing tapered off in late February 2010 but continued until late
March 2011. Data of the first author and Mitch Lysinger from 1999-2010 suggest that
periods of vocal activity show slight inter-annual variation in duration and timing. Singing
may commence as early as the beginning of October and last through early July. If
vocal activity can be considered a proxy for reproductive activity, these data suggest that
most nests are likely initiated to coincide with the onset of the rainy season, which longterm rain data from the area show to be early February (Greeney 2010). Likely due in
25
part to inter-annual variation in weather, however, breeding may potentially occur during
most of the year.
To these indirect evidences of reproduction we add the following observations. The first
author recorded adults with a single juvenile, in all cases roughly one-third adult size, on
the following dates: 12 February and 19 December 2002, 10 November 2003, 24 and 27
February 2005, 12 January and 2 February 2007, 30 November and 12 December 2008
and 2 January 2009. Participants registered juveniles on 11 and 19 January and 14
December 2010, and 2 February 2011. Combining these data indicates the presence of
juveniles from November through late February.
Diet
While not strictly quantifiable, our group’s general knowledge of important food sources,
along with that gathered from the knowledge of older relatives of group participants, is
substantial. The ripe fruits of trees in the family Lauraceae (cf. Ocotea/Nectandra spp.)
appear to be the most important fruiting resources for Wattled Guans in the Cosanga
Valley. Fruits are eaten from the canopy, before they are ripe enough to fall, and we
know of very few occasions when fruits were gathered from the ground. As Wattled
Guans are extremely wary and secretive, however, our lack of ground-foraging
observations may simply be a result of the ease with which these birds elude detection
while on the ground. Following lauraceous fruits, ripe fruits of the common palm
(Ceroxylon sp.) were the next most frequently reported fruiting resource for Wattled
Guans. In fact, the local name of these palms is “Pava Muyo,” due to the general
opinion of locals that guans are the major consumers (including Sickle-winged Guans).
Two common fruiting trees, Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) and Heironyma sp.
(Euphorbiaceae), both with small, 3-6 mm diameter fruits, often attracted a few guans in
the evening. We were unable to confirm that they were feeing on fruits rather than
insects, but we suppose that at least some fruits were consumed. Participants reported
three cases of guans eating insects, in all cases these prey appeared to be caterpillars
(Lepidoptera).
Habitat Use and Conservation
The nests of Wattled Guan described to date (Greeney et al. 2009) suggest that, despite
assertions that this species is sensitive to human disturbance (Ridgely and Greenfield
2001), Wattled Guans may be able to reproduce even in areas of severe habitat
alterations, as is the only other species of cracid in the area, Sickle-winged Guan
(Greeney 2005, Greeney and Erazo 2005). Nevertheless, as suggested by Ríos et al.
(2005), the low population density (Silva 1999, Renjifo et al. 2002, Delacour and
Amadon 2004) of this species likely makes it prone to extinction. Additionally, as it
appears to be a highly frugivorous species (Ríos et al. 2005), it likely requires intact
forest with abundant fruiting trees for successful reproduction.
Proyecto Pavo Actions and Results
While our efforts will produce a scientifically useful publication on the conservation status
of a threatened cracid, we are most proud to report on the long-term (though perhaps
less-tangible) products of our project. First and foremost, the project served to rally
young people in the community around a conservation theme. Previously, the Yanayacu
Biological Station had helped to promote the formation of a naturalist guides’ association
for young locals who wished to learn more about nature for the purposes of procuring
guiding jobs in the tourist industry. Proyecto Pavo provided the perfect fertilizer for these
seeds by giving those involved a taste of conservation and a better understanding of
26
what conservation locally means to conservation globally. Secondly, we succeeded in
involving many local land-owners, through friends and families of the participants, as
well as the participants themselves. We are happy to report that we still receive interest
and updates from people concerning “their” guans. We expect this energy to continue,
fed in the future by the self-generated enthusiasm of Proyecto Pavo participants.
Finally, our project has truly helped to cement the Yanayacu Biological Station’s role as
a center for conservation in the region. Rather than augmenting its already growing
recognition in the research world, however, it has now become a source of local pride,
with a new sense of community ownership and involvement. All of these results,
especially in combination, have made the future brighter for all aspects of conservation
in the area.
Proyecto Pavo’s primary direct contribution to conservation in the area is one we expect
to be long-lasting. We have solidified the formation of a local naturalist/activist group,
the Baeza-Cosanga Guides Association. This is a group of young individuals from the
community, currently with about 23 members, most of which participated in Proyecto
Pavo. Their participation in our project turned into a great way to bolster their interests
in local conservation projects, demonstrating to them that they could effectively rally the
community around their ideas, simply through leading by example. We feel strongly that
this group will be maintained, and many of the ideas they generated during the project,
and continue to generate, we hope will be implemented in the years to come and be
passed on to subsequent generations. Obliquely, this group is also involving
government in conservation activities. Jointly with the Yanayacu Biological Station this
year, they helped to host and organize the annual Audubon Christmas Bird Count in the
Cosanga area. As a group they were able to involve the mayors of Cosanga and Baeza,
and promote the count via government institutions as well as the radio, garnering the
support of smaller communities in the region. In the process they were able to discuss
with government officials the ideas they had generated and information they learned
about conservation during Proyecto Pavo. We hope this momentum will be conserved
into the future as they actively continue to involve local government and additional land
owners.
Training/outreach activities
Our original plan was to hold several full weekend workshops. Logistically this did not
work, as too few people were able to leave their farms for this long, and participate for
both days in a row. After the first workshop, following the wishes of the 5 participants,
we held several half-day workshops, which were all attended by at least 12 people, with
29 people attending at least one workshop. Participants were primarily young residents
(ages 17-27), but several brought their parents and older neighbors. After discussions
with the core group of 14 returning participants (all younger), we decided to maintain our
focus in the workshops on that generation and let the ideas and information be
disseminated informally through them. While they were not our target audience for this
project, we also had the participation of three park guards from the nearby national park.
Most of our time during the first several workshops was spent in the class-room
discussing and learning general themes in conservation. At later meetings we discussed
more specifics about Wattled Guans, why they may or may not be of conservation
concern, and how they were viewed by locals, both young and old. Most participants
were also able to join us on field excursions where we took them out with ornithologists
and students to look at the projects ongoing at the Yanayacu Station. With guidance,
the core group of participants then went out and collected information on the location,
27
abundance, and activity of guans in and around their own lands and those of their
neighbors.
Recommendations for future action
We feel that Proyecto Pavo has spearheaded a potentially strong conservation
movement in our region, one that is and will continue to be locally organized and
developed. We think it may be premature to try and direct it or to even suggest
directions it may take. The primary reason for this is the very lesson we learned while
implementing our plan for Proyecto Pavo in the first place.
When we began the project we had a clear idea of the information we wanted to convey,
with detailed plans on how to transmit the information. These were based, however,
almost entirely from the standpoint of two biologists/conservationists. We did not take
into account all of the variables that are involved, both social and personal, when trying
to convey an understanding and enthusiasm for conservation. Mostly this is because of
the differences in motivation for conservation that likely exists, in most regions, between
conservationists and local land owners. As biologists we have a global view of
conservation and of its importance. While we are also local land owners, our
perspective is nonetheless quite dissimilar from that of land owners who are not
biologists and who have little interaction with the global community, on top of not having
a biological background. In other words, it became apparent after our first workshop that
simply providing locals with “reasons” to conserve forest was not the most fruitful
approach. What we needed was to gently lead our participants to generate their own
“reasons” and motivations for conservation based on the things they found important, or
interesting, or simply useful. The clearest example from Proyecto Pavo, but one of
several similar situations we faced, was the immediate realization that, no matter how
threatened or globally recognized, attempting to motivate locals with small, obscure
understory birds was not effective. Thus, from the beginning, we quickly left out
discussions of other endangered birds we had planned to discuss, letting the locals
channel this discussion towards “El Pavo,” the bird that was known by its loud song,
flashy plumage, and as a potential food source. This led us to shift our focus slightly,
and in essence, let the participants run the project almost from the beginning, albeit with
structured guidance. We feel this is an important lesson that we learned, and that we
intend to apply to future efforts. Receive input at the beginning rather than at the end of
a project, and allow participants to more quickly develop a sense of ownership and
control, thus solidifying their commitment and increasing their eagerness to participate
and to carry on with projects after the normal term of the planning has run its course.
We hope this will be the case in our area and hope that new ideas generated by the
community will be pursued and brought to fruition.
It is our sincere wish that short publications and reports such as this, which engage local
residents in biology and conservation, will become widespread in the future. We
encourage others to reach out to local residents and involve them in conservation of our
increasingly threatened natural habitats.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The principal funding for this study was provided by a grant from the Chicago Zoological
Society, Chicago Board of Trade Endangered Species Fund administered through the
Cracid Specialists’ Group. We thank the owners of the land where we carried out these
studies, Sr. Mario Durán and Sr. Angel Aguilar. Ruth Anne and John V. Moore as well
28
as Matt Kaplan generously support the studies of HFG through donations to the
Population Biology Foundation. The writing of this paper was accomplished while our
field work was supported by National Geographic Grant #W38-08. As always, we are
thankful for the ongoing support of the PBNHS and the Mindo Guides’ Association.
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167-194 In: Cracid Ecology and Conservation in the New Millenium (D.M. Brooks and F.
Gonzalez-G., Eds.). Misc. Publ. Houston Mus. Nat. Sci., 2.
Silva, J. L. 1999. Notes about the distribution of Pauxi pauxi and Aburria aburri in
Venezuela. Wils. Bull. 111: 564-569.
Strahl, S.D. and J.L. Silva. 1997. Census methods for Cracid populations. Pp. 26-33 In:
The Cracidae: their Biology and Conservation (S.D. Strahl, S. Beaujon, D.M. Brooks,
A.J. Begazo, G. Sedaghatkish and F. Olmos, Eds.). Hancock House Publ., Blaine, Wa.
PUBLICACIONES RECIENTES
PUBLICAÇÕES RECENTES
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
30
NOTA: Envienos cualquier otras publicaciones recientes (incluso las suyas!) para
aumentar esta lista.
NOTA: Por favor nos envie qualquer publicação recente (incluindo as suas!) para que
possamos incluir na lista!
NOTE: Please send us any other recent publications (including your own!) to add to the
list!
Aleixo, A. F. Poletto, M.F.C. Lima, M. Castro, E. Portes and L.S. Miranda. 2011. Notes
on the vertebrates of northern Para, Brazil: a forgotten part of the Guianan Region, II.
Bol. Mus. Parense Emilio Goeldi Cien. Nat. 6: 11-66. Avifauna. (Ortalis motmot,
Penelope marail, Aburria cumanensis, Crax alector)
Anderson, D.L. and L.N. Naka. 2011. Comparative structure and organization of canopy
bird assemblages in Honduras and Brazil. Condor 113: 7-23. (Ortalis vetula, Penelope
purpurascens, Crax rubra)
Angulo P., F. 2011. The rediscovery of the century: the guan with white wings. Neotrop.
Birding 9: 37-43.
Baldo, S. and D.J. Mennill. 2011. Vocal behavior of Great Curassows, a vulnerable
Neotropical bird. J. Field Orn. 82: 249-258.
Barrio, J. 2011. Hunting pressure on cracids (Cracidae: Aves) in forest concessions in
Peru. Rev. Peru. Biol. 18: 225-230.
Bernardo, C.S.S., H. Lloyd, N. Bayly and M. Galetti. 2011. Modelling post-release
survival of reintroduced Red-billed Curassows Crax blumenbachii. Ibis 153: 562-572.
Bernardo, C.S.S., H. Lloyd, F. Olmos, L.F. Cancian and M. Galetti. 2011. Using postrelease monitoring data to optimize avian reintroduction programs: a 2-year case study
from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Animal Conservation. (Online first article)
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00473.x
Bodrati, A. y M. Lammertink. 2011. Un hembra de Mytu (Crax fasciolata) en el Parque
Nacional Chaco, Provincia de Chaco, Argentina. Nuestra Aves 56: 23-25.
Boss, R.L. and K.M. Okada Aguiar. 2011. Caracterização preliminar da avifauna em um
trecho do rio Amapari, Serra do Navio, Amapá, Brasil. Ornithologia 4: 110-125. (Ortalis
motmot, Penelope marail, Aburria cumanensis, Crax alector)
Cavarzere, V., G.P. Moraes, A.C. Dalbeto, F. de Góes Maciel and R.J. Donatelli. 2011.
Birds from cerradão woodland, an overlooked forest of the Cerrado region, Brazil. Pap.
Avul. Zool. (São Paulo) 51: 259-274. (Ortalis superciliaris, Penelope superciliaris and
Aburria cumanensis)
31
Charre-Medellín, J.F., C.Z. Colín-Soto and T.C. Monterrubio-Rico. Uso de manantiales
de filtración por los vertebrados durante la época seca en un bosque tropical
fragmentado en la costa de Michoacán. Acta Zool. Mex. 26: 737-743. (Ortalis
poliocephala)
Desbiez, A.L.J. and C.S.S. Bernardo. 2011. Density estimates of the Bare-faced
Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Brazilian Pantanal. Rev. Bras. Orn. 19: 385-390.
Ferreira de Vasconcelos, M., S. de Melo Dantas and J.M. Cardosa da Silva. 2011.
Avifaunal inventory of the Amazonian savannas and adjacent habitats of the Monte
Alegre region (Pará, Brazil), with comments on biogeography and conservation. Bol.
Mus. Par. Emílio Goeldi, Ciên. Nat. 6: 119-145. (Ortalis motmot and Aburria
cumanensis)
Fávaro, F. 2011. Aves do Parque Nacional da Serra do Pardo, Pará, Brasil:
levantamento inicial. Ornithologia 4: 91-103. (Ortalis motmot, Penelope pileata, Aburria
cujubi, Mitu tuberosum, Crax fasciolata)
Gastañaga-C., M., R. MacLeod, D.M. Brooks and B. Hennessey. 2011. Distinctive
morphology, habitat and vocalizations of Pauxi (unicornis) koepckeae: evidence for
species rank. Ornitol. Neotrop. 22: 267-279.
Macedo Mestre, L.A., J. Rechetelo, M.A. Cochrane and J. Barlow. 2011. Avifaunal
inventory of a Southern Amazonian transitional forest site: the São Luiz farm, Mato
Grosso, Brazil. Bol. Mus. Par. Emílio Goeldi, Ciên. Nat. 6: 147-161. (Ortalis guttata and
Penelope superciliaris)
Mischler, T. 2011. Avifauna of the sector El Caucho - Cotrina, Cerros de Amotape
National Park, north-western Peru: chronology of recent discoveries, assessment of
endemism, abundance, breeding and seasonality. Ornith. Anzeiger 50: 26-42. (Penelope
purpurascens, Ortalis erythroptera)
Moreno-P.,M. y Y.G. Molina-M. 2011. Aportes a la historia natural del Paujil de Pico Azul
(Crax alberti). Edit. Acad. Española. 156 pp.
Pimentel, L. and F. Olmos. 2011. The birds of Reserva Ecológica Guapiaçu
(REGUA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cotinga 33: 6-22. (Penelope superciliaris, P.
obscura)
Robbins, M.B., D. Geale, B. Walker, T.J. Davis, M. Combe, M.D. Eaton and K.P.
Kennedy. 2011. Foothill avifauna of the upper Urubamba Valley, Dept. Cusco,
Peru. Cotinga 33: 41-52. (Ortalis guttata, Aburria aburri)
CONGRESOS
CONGRESSOS
MEETINGS
32
X Congreso Internacional de Manejo de Vida Silvestre en la Amazonia y America Latina
/ X International Congress for Wildlife Management in Amazonia and Latin America: 1418 May 2012, Salta, Argentina.
Contact: sergio_mosa <at> yahoo.com.ar
XII Simposium de Cracidos (en conjunto con el X Congreso Internacional de Manejo de
Vida Silvestre en la Amazonia y America Latina) / XII Cracid Symposium (in conjunction
with the International Congress for Wildlife Management in Amazonia and Latin
America): 14-18 May 2012, Salta, Argentina.
Contact: silvinamalzof <at> yahoo.com.ar
Congreso Internacional de Reproducción y Conservación de Cracidos en Cautiverio (en
conjunto con el XIX Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamérica de Zoos y Acuarios) /
Cracid Captive Breeding Symposium (in conjunction with the Latin American Zoo
Association Congress): 19-22 June 2012, Monterrey, Mexico.
Contact: jCornejo < at> wcs.org
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favor envie su nombre, dirección, Corréo electrónico, y su interes in crácidos a: Juan
Cornejo, CSG Chair – jCornejo < at> wcs.org.
Se você conhece alguém que tenha interesse em ser adicionado à mala direta do CSG,
envie seu nome, endereço e E-mail para: Juan Cornejo, CSG Chair – jCornejo < at>
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If there is anyone you know interested in being put on the CSG mailing list, please send
their name, address/E-mail, and interest in cracids to: Juan Cornejo, CSG Chair –
jCornejo < at> wcs.org.
INSTRUCCIONES PARA LOS AUTORES
INSTRUÇÕES PARA COLABORADORES
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTORS
Si usted tiene cualquier artículo, noticias u otro tipo de contribuciones, por favor,
envielos a Juan Cornejo, CSG Chair – jCornejo < at> wcs.org.
Se você tem qualquer notícia ou contribuição, por favor envie-a a Juan Cornejo, CSG
Chair – jCornejo < at> wcs.org.
If you have any news items or other contributions, please send them to Juan Cornejo,
CSG Chair – jCornejo < at> wcs.org.
33
COORDINADORES REGIONALES
COORDENADORES REGIONAIS
REGIONAL COORDINATORS
CENTRAL AMERICA - Fernando Gonzalez-Garcia - fgg25 <at> alu.ua.es - (228)8421843 (tel) / (228) 8187809 (fax) - Instituto de ecología, A.C.; Aptdo. Postal
63; Xalapa, Veracruz 91000; MEXICO.
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (Colombia, Venezuela, Guianan Shield, Caribbean) –
Carolina Bertsch – daubentoni <at> gmail.com - (tel) +58-212-7167743 - Lab. de
Conservación y Manejo de Fauna Silvestre; Universidad Simón Bolivar; Aptdo.
Postal 89000; Caracas 1080-A, VENEZUELA.
NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA (Ecuador, northern Peru) - Fernando Angulo
Pratolongo - chamaepetes <at> gmail.com – 98535962 (tel) – Asociacion
Cracidae Peru; Torres Paz 708; Chiclayo, PERU.
BRAZIL - Sergio L Pereira - sergiolp <at> gmail.com - 18 Grenville St #1205, Toronto,
ON. M4Y 3B3. CANADA.
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA (central/southern Peru, Bolivia) - Ross MacLeod r.macleod <at> bio.gla.ac.uk - +591 (0)3 356 8808 (tel) - Asociacíon Armonia;
Ave. Lomas de Arena 400; Casilla 3566; Santa Cruz, BOLIVIA.
CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA (Paraguay, Northern Argentina) – Guy Cox –
[email protected] - 0054 9 3751 608765 (tel) - San Pedro, Misiones,
ARGENTINA 3352.
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