division schizophyta

Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/chap43.htm
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html
Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/chap43.htm
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html
Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
The oldest living?
Isosphaera : Greenland
Eobacterium isolatum : Minnesota
Archaeospheroides barbertonensis : Swaziland
Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
Proto-cell
http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm
From Proto-cell to Cell
The evidence : Microfossil in Archaean rock
Stromatotites
http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/stromatolite_sharkbay.jpg
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html
From Proto-cell to Cell
Stromatotites : evidence of Archaean bacteria
http://www.wmnh.com/wmel0000.htm
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm
From Proto-cell to Cell
FIRST CELL
Prokaryotic cell
Anaerobic organisms
Tolerance for extreme environment
What is the different between these cells?
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkEuk.htm
Some of the differents
~Archaea~
3 Domains of Life
~Eubacteria~
~Eukaryota~
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/domain1.gif
3 Domains of Life
LUCA : the Last Universal Common Ancestor
Rank of Life
http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm
Promoter of Gene
• no Tf
• Histone
• Met
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=73&theme=printer
Membrane Lipids of the living
Archaea
Bacteria
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html
EXTREME ENVIRONMENT
(1) Halophiles in salty lakes
(2) Thermoproteus in deep-sea hydrothermal vents
(3) Sulfolobus in hot sulfur springs
(4) Methanococcus in swamps and marshes
(5) Acidianus in acidic ponds
http://universe-review.ca/I11-29-archaea2.jpg
Saltbush scrub and cottonwood trees in Owens Valley, with Owens Salt Lake and
the Inyo Range in the distance. The pinkish coloration of the water is caused by
high concentrations of Halophilic archaebacteria. Image taken in August 2006.
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plsept98.htm
Owens lake bed along Highway 395 south of Lone Pine with
Sierra Nevada in the distance. The salt crust is colored red by
dense colonies of Halophilic archaebacteria.
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm
Shape of Archaea
Divisions of Archaea
Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Korarchaeota
Extremophiles
Methanogen
Thermophiles
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/archaea.jpg
16S rRNA Phylogenic tree
Eubacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota
http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/MaiLinEvo.html
Bacteria
Many methods to classify
Proteobacteia
Chlamydias
Spirocheates
Gram positive bacteria
Cyanobacteria
http://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1471-2180-5-19/1471-2180-5-19-2.jpg
α
Proteobacteria
* High diversity
* Gram Negative
* Aaerobic or Anaerobic
* Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs or
Heteroautotrophs
Rhizobium
Endosymbiosis
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/Effects.html
http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/endosymbiosis.jpg
Proteobacteria
β
Nitrosomonas
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/8/89/Zdrs0232.jpg/350px-Zdrs0232.jpg
http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/img/9snitrf.jpg
γ
Proteobacteria
Chromatium
Vibrio
http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b159/kepek/K4003.jpg
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab1/images/96525g.jpg
Proteobacteria
δ
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
http://www.innovations-report.de/bilder_neu/25204_bbakterien2.jpg
http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000002458/CTphoto2%20copy.gif
http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/2004-01/aaft-tnb020805.php
Proteobacteria
ε
Nobel prize 2005
More info : http://h.pylori.info/
http://www.vcharkarn.com/tech/pictures/A320/helicobacterpylori4.jpg
http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/HELICOBACTERPYLORI_450.gif
Chlamydia
* Animal parasite
Chlamydia trachomatis :
nongonococcal uretritis
* Gram negative,
no peptidoglycan
More info : http://www.siamhealth.net/Disease/infectious/std/Clamydia.htm
http://www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/050304.pdf#xml=http://www.sgm.ac.uk/scripts/t
exis.exe/webinator/search/xml.txt?query=chlamydia&pr=sgm&order=r&id=3eee77251e
Spirochete
* Spiral : 0.25 mm
* Free living or
Pathogen :
Treponema pallidum :
syphilis
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpg
http://apatheticaphid.wordpress.com/category/medical-history/
Gram Positive Bacteria
* Gram positive
* Free living or pathogen
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/dkcbot.html
http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/anthrax/01pathogene.htm
Gram Positive Bacteria
Actinomyces : Streptomyces
http://hp.brs.nihon-u.ac.jp/~kenueda/Streptomyces.JPG
http://www.bio-pro.de/imperia/md/images/artikelgebunden/ulm/luftmycel_338x268.jpg
Gram Positive Bacteria
Mycoplasmas
* Smallest bacteria
* No cell wall
* Diameter 0.1 μm
(5x ribosome)
* Walking pneumonia
http://www.naturalhealinghouse.com/images/mycoplasma.jpg
Cyanobacteria
Photoautotrophs
Single or Colony
Nitrogen fixation
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm
Cyanobacteria
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48222/Nostoc2.gif
Cyanobacteria
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48165/Anabaena.gif
KINGDOM MONERA
Schizophyta
Cyanophyta
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c27x3proc_shapes.jpg
http://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/Cultivos/fotos/Spirulina_sp._PCC_6313_dis.jpg
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bacteria/Cyanobacteria/Oscillatoria/Oscillatoria_MC.html
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Prokaryotic cell
70S Ribosome
Peptidoglycan
Sheath or capsule
No Flagella
Cyanophycean starch
Gas vacuole
http://www.dr-sanderson.org/images/prokaryoticcell.gif
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta Photoautotroph
Cyanobacteria
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie/cyano.htm
http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-2/ch12_bacteriorhodopsin.jpg
Archaea
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
* Chlorophyll a as Plant
* No Plastid
* Chromoplasm & Centroplasm
* Many Pigments :
β-carotene
Xanthophyll
Phycobilin
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255phts/gk6x5.chlorophyll.gif
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Photosynthetic Membrane
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/ Cyanobacteria.htm
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Special cell :
Akinete
Heterocyst
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Closed heterocyst
Thick cell wall
Food reserve
Reproduction : Spores
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Heterocyst
Thick cell wall
Clearly yellow
Nitrogen fixation
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Nitrogen fixation
http://gcep.stanford.edu/images/factsheets/biohydrogen_generation2.jpg
http://oczkowodne.net/flora/azolla2.jpg
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/PlantCellWalls00/AzollaScan.jpg
KINGDOM MONERA
Lichens : Fungus & Photoautotroph microbe
http://www.nccpg.com/Images/MH11.gif
http://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/cladonia.jpg
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichens_130_d.gif
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Chroococcus
Anacystis
Spirulina
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Schizophyta
* Small living
* Prokaryotic cell
* Peptidoglycan
* 3 major shape :
Rod (Bacillus)
Coccus (Spheral)
Spiral (Spirilum)
http://www.freeinfosociety.com/coppermine/displayimage.php?album=12&pos=1
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Schizophyta
Single cell
Colony
http://bio.winona.edu/delong/Principles/bacterial%20colonies.gif
http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/biology-edited/chap14/14_8.gif
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Schizophyta
Movement
Flagella : Flagellin
http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/protista/section1.html
http://www.arn.org/docs/mm/flag_labels.jpg
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Schizophyta
Microbial genetics
* Genome : Nucleoid & Plasmid
* Monoploid
* Single circular double strand
DNA
* Mesosome vs Binary fission
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkEuk.htm
http://lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/BacterialStructure/BactStructImages/Mesosome.jpg
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Schizophyta
Reproduction
<<Binary fission
Conjugation>>
http://www.karlloren.com/biopsy/p66.htm
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/96444c.jpg
http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/27-x1-ProkaryoteConjugation.jpg
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Schizophyta
Spirillum
Diplococcus
Staphylococcus
E. coli
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/strep-pneu2.jpg
http://web.gccaz.edu/~lsola/bio182/labreview/spirill.jpg
http://www.rowett.ac.uk/edu_web/images/gut_reaction_images/E_coli_lge.jpg
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t028/ T028362A.jpg
http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/263D4EDB-3C96-4AC6-8C58-B7AF8F6CF2C5/0/staphylococcus_epidermidis.jpg
Streptococcus