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LP 13 FST 52002
1100024581
A
study
seahorse
diel
feeding rate and feeding behaviour of spotted
(Hippocampus kuda) / Liew Boon Ket.
on
PERPUST
KOLEJ UNIVERSITI SAINS & TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
2_1_030KUALA TERENGG�A�N�U
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A STUDY ON DIEL FEEDING RATE AND FEEDING
BEHAVIOUR OF SPOTTED SEAHORSE
Hippocampus
kuda
requirements
EM
the
LA
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in
fulfilment
of
submitted
is
partial
report
project
BE
This
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LIEW BOON KET
for the
Degree
Science (Biology)
PU
SA
TP
Bachelor of Educational
of
KOLE]
and
of
Science
Technology
Faculty
OLOGI
RSITI SAINS DAN TE
ERSITI PU
AYSIA 2002
A YSIA
.
I.
-
"
,
"
I
.',
.
•
,
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.
This report should be cited as:
Liew, B.K. 2002. A Study on Diel
,
Feeding Rate and Feeding Behaviour of Spotted
Seahorse (Hippocampus kuda). Undergraduate thesis, Bachelor of Educational Science
(Biology), Faculty of Science and Technology, Kolej Universiti Sains Dan Teknologi
Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Terengganu. 63p.
No part of th is project may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, 01'
electronic process, or in the form of'phonographic recording, nor may it be stored ill a
retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copiedfor public or private use, without
written permission from the author and the supervisor of the project.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author wishes to thank Mr. Liew Hock Chark and Dr. Siti Aishah
Abdullah for their
guidance
senior to
to C. K. Cll00 as my
advice in my
marine
project.
throughout this project.
and support
help me in my
field work
hatchery by helping
project. Many
me
to set up my
Most
Weng Lok,
importantly,
me a
lot of
Kok
course
advice and their
opinions
in
mate and KUSTEM friends
Chai, Lok Ping, Pek Yoon and Ah Yong.
1 would like to thank my
family
Dad, for caring and supporting
me
for
supporting
during good
me.
Thank
and bad times in
R
ZA
you to my Mom and
gave
I would also like to thank Dr.
good
me
thanks to my housemate,
Chin Soon,
sampling and
equipments.
HI
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especially
forgetting thanks
Also thanks to En. Yakob and all the workers in KUSTEM
Abol, Dr Annuar and Dr. Paymount in giving
my
Not
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to all
whom cope with
UL
least,
bless you.
DI
god
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thank you very much and
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project,
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Last but not
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my project.
•
•
11
me
in
completing
this final year
APPROVAL ANI) CERTIFICATION FO
I
certify
that the report of this final year
Rate and
project entitled
Feeding Behaviour of The Spotted
BOON KET metric
recommended
by
no.
Seahorse
'A
Study
on
The Diel
(Hipocampus kuda)' by
been
accepted
Bachelor Educational Science
(Biology)
fulfilment of the
as
and
Teknologi Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia
ZA
Department
requirement
Faculty of Science
in
for
degree
of
of
Technology, Kolej
..
Mr. Liew Hock Chark
HI
RA
H
Universiti Sains Dan
LIEW
UK3655 have been read and all the alteration and correction
Examiners have been done. This thesis submitted to
Biological Science, have
Feeding
Supervisor
Faculty of Science
and
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Date:
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Technology
Kolej Universiti Sains Dan Teknologi Malaysia
Universiti Putra Malaysia Terengganu
PU
Dr. Siti Aishah Abdullah
Supervisor
Faculty of Science and Technology
Kolej Universiti Sains Dan Teknologi Malaysia
Universiti Putra Malaysia Terengganu
•
Prof.
Date
.
Madya Dr. Sayed Zain S. Hassan
Head of Department Of Biological Science
Faculty of Science and Technology
Kolej Universiti Sains Dan Teknologi Malaysia
Universiti Putra MalaysiaTerengganu
•
••
III
ABSTRACT
kuda
from
tile family Syngnathidae is
seahorse,
Hippocampus
spotted
The
highly
valued
research in
species
Malaysia
in traditional chinese medicine and
is still very new; it is therefore urgent to
destruction of its natural habitat and
The seahorse,
by
days. Their feeding
rate
where individual seahorses consumed 4-6 grass
revealed that this
study
species
is
peaked
feeding patterns
at 0700 in the
morning
slrrimps iMacrobrachtum lanchesterii.
diurnal and visual
a
study them owing to the
for their
investigated
were
trade. Seahorse
activities.
fishing
over
Hippocampus kuda
from 0700-1800 for five
The
aquarium
a
predator. They actively
to
seahorse's
body weight
ZA
proportion
show
larger
male and female
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shrimps compared to smaller male
and female seahorses.
behavior of Hippocampus kuda
can
be divided into three
phases:
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feeding
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seahorses consumed less
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consumed in
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capture their prey under bright conditions. The percentage of shrimp's weight
was a
period
of
in which the seahorse appears to
BE
scan
the habitat for
potential
prey items
second
phase
of
was
foraging
both eyes which oriented
introduced to the seahorse, successful search led to the
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with its eyes. When prey
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searching
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search, preparatory, and expansive phases. During search phase, there
in which the seahorse
independently
visually
towards the prey.
located the prey
Hippocampus
by using
kuda
slowly
-
approached
the prey within
the
expansive phase,
During
of the head and
expansion
striking
distance and
prey capture is
of the buccal
slowly flexing
accomplished by
its head
ventrally.
simultaneous elevation
cavity.
.
The
Seahorse
feeding pattern
slowly
maneuvers
of
Hippocampus kuda
was
classified into three types.
toward the prey at the bottom in the type A pattern. In
type B pattern, the seahorse capture its prey
•
lV
at the water column while in
type C
pattern, it swims
pattern
vertically downward
appear most
capture activity.
frequent
Their
always performed type
while type B pattern
feeding patterns
A and C
bottom. It showed type B
were
role to determine their
bottom.
Type
the least time
was
A
feeding
during
prey
related to prey behavior. This seahorse
foraging pattern when
Feeding competition
at tIle
foraging patterns when prey
COll1111n. However, their natural habitat
important
get the prey
to
swim down
prey swims
or
complexity (seagrass bed)
stays
or
stay
at
the
at the water
may also
play
an
feeding behavior and foraging pattern.
appeared for
behavior
all
categories of
group
pairs
(male-male, male-female and female-female) in Hippocampus kuda. Results suggest
pair is
more
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in male-male group
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feeding competition
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that
v
frequent and aggressive.
ABSTRAK
laut, Hippocampus kuda (family Syngnathidae) merupakan
Kuda
species
ikan yang luas
ubat tradisional di
digunakan sebagai
masyarakat cina. Selain
itu, kuda laut ini juga dijual sebagai ikan hiasan. Kajian saintifik tentang kuda laut di
g diketahui kerana tiada
Malaysia
masih
ikan ini.
Hippocampus kuda dipilih sebagai spesies untuk kajian kali
habitat
semulajadinya
Kadar
kajian spesifik dijalankan bagi jenis
semakin diancarn akibat aktiviti
perikanan.
pemakanan bagi sebelas kuda laut, Hippocampus
dikaji. Didapati kadar pemakanan Hippocampus kuda
waktu
0700
Ia makan
pagi.
4
sebanyak
memuncak
hingga
6
kuda
telah
(kadar maksimum)
ekor
udang kantung
HI
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pada
ini kerana
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(Macrobrachtum lanchestertt pada waktu ini. Kajian ini mendapati kuda laut adalah
H
dan pemangsa 'visual'. Kuda laut ini
NA
siang
biasanya
memburu
man gsa
yang terang. Menurut nisbah berat
yang dimakan
makan lebih
banyak udang
LS
udang
TA
cahaya
N
didapati
RA
bel at badan kuda laut,
kuda laut
jantan
LA
JA
kepada
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dibawah keadaan
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ikan waktu
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dari pada kuda laut betina.
PU
Perangai pemakanan
pencarian,
fasa
persediaan,
mencari mangsa di
kuda laut
kepala
ke
dan fasa
H. kudo
pengembangan.
Dalam fasa
persekitaran dengan penglihatan
bergerak dengan berenang
depan
dibahagi kepada tiga fasa
mendekati
secara
laut
meninggikan kepala berserentak dengan pcmbukaan
corak
memakan
'buccal
man gsa
dalam ruangan air
V1
mangsa
dengan
cavity'. Terdapat tiga
A dan
C, kuda laut
mangsa manakala kuda laut makan
pada jenis B. Faktor perangai
•
pula,
kemudian membawa
pemakanan kuda laut, iaitu jenis A, B dan C. Dalam jenis
berenang ke bawah akuarium untuk mendapatkan
kuda laut
Dalam fasa kedua
perlahan-Iahan
Kuda
man gsa.
mata.
pencarian,
iaitu fasa
man gsa
dan keadaan habitat
ikan ini mcmainkan peranan dalam menentukan
semulajadi (habitat rumpai laut)
corak-corak
pemakanan
ikan ini.
Persaingan untuk mendapatkan makanan muncul dalam kumpulan
kuda laut yang terdiri
daripada
jantan dengan jantan, jantan dengan betina
pasangan
dan betina
dengan betina. Keputusan menunjukkan
melakukan
persaingan
yang lebih hebat dan
agresif
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pasangan lain.
•
•
Vl1
pasangan
di
jantan dengan jantan
banding dengan
kedua-dua