Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropis musika

Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropis musika

საქართველოს სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი
„თავისუფლება“
ლექსი დავით მაღრაძის
საქართველოს
სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი
ჩემი ხატია სამშობლო,
სახატე მთელი ქვეყანა,
განათებული მთა-ბარი,
წილნაყარია ღმერთთანა.
თავისუფლება დღეს ჩვენი
მომავალს უმღერს დიდებას,
ცისკრის ვარსკვლავი ამოდის
და ორ ზღვას შუა ბრწყინდება,
დიდება თავისუფლებას,
თავისუფლებას დიდება.
„თავისუფლება“
ჩემი ხატია სამშობლო,
სახატე მთელი ქვეყანა,
განათებული მთა-ბარი,
წილნაყარია ღმერთთანა.
თავისუფლება დღეს ჩვენი
მომავალს უმღერს დიდებას,
ცისკრის ვარსკვლავი ამოდის
და ორ ზღვას შუა ბრწყინდება,
დიდება თავისუფლებას,
თავისუფლებას დიდება.
ლექსი დავით მაღრაძის
maia oTiaSvili
irine miqaZe
mzis sxivi
musikaSi
moswavlis wigni
VIII
klasi
`wyarosTvali~
Tbilisi, 2012 weli
gakveTili 1
adreuli musika
Sesavali
istoriul epoqas, romelic cvlis uZveles samyaros, Sua saukuneebs uwodeben. igi iwyeba romis dacemis droidan da 1000 welze
metxans grZeldeba. am drois manZilze Camoyalibdnen rigi evropeli xalxebi da saxelmwifoebi, Camoyalibda evropuli kulturis
umniSvnelovanesi niSan-Tvisebebi. evropelTa sulieri cxovrebis
safuZveli qristianoba gaxda. Sua saukuneTa xelovneba – saekleuZvelesi organi
sio arqiteqtura, qandakeba, xatebi, taZrebis mozaika da freskebi
– qristianuli RvTismsaxurebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. rac Seexeba musikas,
mas mniSvnelovani funqcia ekisreboda – igi unda daxmareboda mlocvels
daeviwyebina yoveldRiuri sazrunavi, piradi gancdebi da mTeli yuradReba
saeklesio msaxurebisken miemarTa. am mizans emsaxureboda sagaloblebi, romelTa mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niSani mravali wlis manZilze iyo 1-xmianoba
(momRerlebi erTad asrulebdnen erT melodias), instrumentuli Tanxlebis
gareSe. am sagaloblebis SemqmnelTa azriT, erTxmianoba erTi RmerTisa da
erTiani eklesiis simbolo iyo. instrumentuli Tanxleba adamianur grZnobaze did gavlenas axdenda, amitomac eklesia gaurboda mas. Tumca, VII saukunidan kaTolikur eklesiaSi mainc mkvidrdeba _ jer organi, Semdeg ki sxva
sakravebic.
am droisaTvis saeklesio musika ZiriTadad eklesia-monastrebSi iqmneboda. sagalobelTa Seqmnisas berebi mkacrad misdevdnen wesebs da tradiciebs.
isini ar miiCnevdnen sakuTar Tavs avtorebad, ramdenadac erTaderT Semoqmedad RmerTi miiCneoda. amgvarad, am drois musikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia niSnebia: I – erTxmianoba da II – anonimuroba.
mxolod XII-XIII s.s.-ebidan mkvidrdeba evropul musikaSi mravalxmianoba.
XI saukuneSi italieli beris gvido arecos mier gamogonebulma damwerlobam SesaZlebeli gaxada musikaluri nawarmoebis zustad Cawera.
Sua saukuneebi saintereso da TviTmyofi etapia xelovnebasa
da kulturaSi. Sua saukuneebis musikam safuZveli Cauyara Tanamedrove profesiul evropul musikas da TandaTan momzadda Semdgomi axali epoqa evropis istoriaSi _ aRorZineba.
qarTuli sagalobeli `Sen xar venaxi~
jovani palestrina. `kyrie~
anCisxatis eklesia.
Tbilisi VII saukuneebi
Zveli romaelebi laTinurad laparakobdnen.
romis imperiis dacemis Semdeg (476) laTinurma
enam TandaTan dakarga salaparako funqcias, magram SeinarCuna arseboba
taZrebSi. igi RvTismsaxurebis kuTvnileba gaxda. misgan warmoiSvnen e.w.
romanuli enebi – italiuri, franguli, espanuri, portugaliuri.
romanuli stili arqiteqturaSi
3
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aTaswleulis musikaluri ganviTareba swored masTan aris dakavSirebuli. am periodis araqristianuli musika mcire raodenobiTaa SemorCenili.
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gakveTili 2
bizantiuri musika
IV saukuneSi, romis imperiis dayofis Semdeg, mis aRmosavleT
nawilSi warmoiqmna bizantiis imperia. mas aRmosavleT romis imperiasac uwodebdnen, misi dedaqalaqi konstantinopoli iyo.
Tavisi arsebobis manZilze (IV-­XVs.s.) bizantiam Seqmna TviTmyofi musikaluri kultura, romelic ganuyofelia qristianobisgan.bizantiuri musika IX saukunemde did gavlenas axdenda
q. konstantinopoli
evropul musikalur xelovnebaze. TiToeuli bizantielisaTvis
aucilebeli iyo yoveldRiuri saeklesio RvTismsaxureba, romelSic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda musika. bibliuri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, ZvelebraelTa
mefe daviTma „ gaigona zeciuri simRera“ da isini adamianebs gadasca. RvTisadmi miZRvnili daviTis fsalmunebi Sesulia qristianul saeklesio msaxurebaSic. bizantiuri sagaloblebis teqstebi ara mxolod am Zveli poeziis nimuSebs Seicaven, aramed qristian poet-himnografTa teqstebsac. himnografiis
adreuli nimuSebi VI saukunidan gvxvdeba, ZiriTadi teqstebi ki VII-IX s.s.-Si
Seiqmna, aRmosavleT saqristianos msxvil kulturul centrebSi.
bizantiaSi sanoto damwerlobis Seqmnamde (XI s.) sagaloblebi zepirsityvierad gadaicemoda, Semdeg ki maT mgalobelTa saRvTismsaxuro krebulSi gansakuTrebuli niSnebiT-nevmebiT werdnen.
saeklesio Janrebs Soris aRsaniSnavia kanoni da tropari. kanoni _ berZnulad niSnavs `nimuSs“, `wess“. es aris musikalur-poeturi kompozicia Semdgaria 9 monakveTisgan. masSi Sesulia
monaniebis da didebis Temebi. tropari – saeklesio sagalobelia, romelic iwereboda sadResaswaulo an sazeimo movlenebisTvis, igi ar iyo damoukidebeli nawarmoebi da Sedioda ufro
msxvili nawarmoebis SemadgenlobaSi.
galobis Semsruleblebs adreul bavSvobidan zrdidnen monastrebsa da taZrebSi, sadac aswavlidnen domestikas _ sagundo xelovnebas.
mantenia. daviTi ukravs arfaze
bizantiurma sasuliero musikam didi gavlena moaxdina mTeli qristianuli samyaros, maT Soris, qarTul saeklesio RvTismsaxurebazec.
es gavlena aSkaraa saSemsruleblo formebze, Tumca Tavad qarTul musikaze
_ naklebad igrZnoba. arsebiTi gansxvaveba qarTul da bizantiur musikalur
azrovnebas Soris isaa, rom bizantiuri musika erTxmiania, qarTuli ki _ mravalxmiani, Tumca qarTuli sasuliero musika Tavdapirvelad bizantiur tradiciebs eyrdnoboda.
bizantiaSi saeklesio musikasTan erTad, arsebobda xal­xuri musikac.
es musika tradiciuli wesCveulebebisa da dResaswaulebis ganuyofeli
nawili iyo.
bizantiuri
monetebi
1 da 2- xmiani bizantiuri sagaloblebi
bizantiuri instrumentuli musika
bizantieli mgalobeli
himnografia _ berZ. `himnos“ –
`sadResaswaulo simRera“, `grafe“– vwer.
bizantiis imperatori
aleqsandre I _ mozaika
5
msoflios saukeTeso organebi
6
gakveTili 3
Amapola
Música: José Lacalle
Letra: Luis Roldán
De amor en los hierros de tu reja,
de amor esucho la triste queja,
de amor lejos de mi corazón,
diciéndome así, con su dulce canción:
Amapola, lindísima Amapola,
Será siempre mi alma tuya, sola.
Yo te quiero, amada niña mía,
igual que ama la flor la luz del día.
Amapola, lindísima Amapola,
no seas tan ingrata y ámame.
Amapola, Amapola,
¿cómo puedes tu vivir tan sola?
kadrebi
k/filmidan
`erTxel
amerikaSi~
Al ver en los hierros de tu reja,
de amor el albacín de tu queja,
amor que mi amante corazón
el rojo olvidar una dulce ilusión.
j. lakale. `amapola~
mousmine simReris minus fonogramas da imRere TviTon
Sua saukuneebis espanuri instrumentuli musika
j. lakale iyo espaneli kompozitori, klarnetisti, diriJori da musikis kritikosi. 1924 wels dawera simRera `amapola~
_ mSvenieri patara yayaCo~, romelic miuZRvna meuRles. 1940
wels alber geimsma Seqmna simReris inglisuri teqsti. simRera
popularuli gaxda msoflios bevr qveyanaSi, mas mRerodnen
cnobili momRerlebi: luCano pavaroti, plaCido domingo,
xose karerasi, andrea boCeli, dina durbini da sxvebi.
j. dorsis bendma Seqmna simReris saorkestro versia, romelic 1941 wlis hit-paradebSi pirvel adgilze gavida. 1984
wels filmSi `erTxel amerikaSi~ kompozitorma e. morikonem
simReris saorkestro versia gamoiyena siyvarulis leitTemad.
jozef lakale 1860-1937
7
gakveTili 4
Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropis musika
grigoriseuli sagalobeli
grigoriseuli qorali VI-X s.s.
dasavleT evropis saeklesio musikis tradiciebi IV-V s.s.-ebi­
dan momdinareobs. misi adreuli etapi dakavSirebulia RvTismetyvel da winaswarmetyvel wm. ambrosi mediolanelis saxelTan
(saerTod ki SemoRebul iqna I saukuneSi egnate RmerTmosilis
mier, romelsac angelozTa galobis xilva hqonda). igi iyo erT-erTi pirveli, vinc Seqmna saRvTismetyvelo himnebi. man daamkvidra eklesiaSi siaxle – gundis gayofa or jgufad – romlebic sakurTxevlis sxvadasxva mxares arian ganlagebulni. isini,
locvis teqstebs Soris, monacvleobiT mRerodnen musikalur
papi grigol I
fragmentebs. aseT fragmentebs `antifonebs~ uwodebdnen, xolo
540-604
Sesrulebis am xerxs, romelic ori gundis monacvleobaze igeba,
ewodeba antifonuri simRera.
TandaTan, umTavres teqstebTan erTad, damkvidrda mkacrad daculi antifonebi, romelTa musika iqmneboda ukve arsebul da kargad nacnob melodia –
gamRerebebze. antifonebisa da am gasamReri hangebis ricxvi TandaTan ise gaizarda, rom momRerlebs maTi zepirad damaxsovreba gauWirdaT. amis gamo, VII
s-dan dagrovili masala sistemaSi moiyvanes da Tavi mouyares did krebuls,
romelsac `grigoriseuli antifonari~ ewoda. es saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia
romis papis grigol I-is saxelTan. es krebuli gaxda safuZveli evropuli saeklesio musikis erT-erTi stilis – grigoriseuli qoralis ganviTarebisTvis.
grigoriseuli qoralebi erTxmiania. mas laTinur enaze mamakacebis an biWebis gundi unisonSi asrulebs, instrumentuli Tanxlebis gareSe. momReralTa
xmebi ise unda Seerwyan erTmaneTs, TiTqos erTi adamiani mReriso. melodiaSi
ar aris naxtomebi, ritmic Tanabarzomieri, mSvidi, gawonasworebulia. igi gadmoscems mlocvelis Sinagan simSvides.
grigoriseul qoralebSi musika da teqsti garkveuli wesiTaa Serwymuli.
igi or xerxs emyareba. erT-erTi maTgania fsalmodia. igi uZvelesi tradiciidan momdinareobs. es aris locvebis gamRerebiT kiTxva, romelic fsalmunebis kiTxvisas gamoiyeneba. am dros erT musikalur bgeraze erTi sityva modis
(gavixsenoT Zv. israeli).
meore xerxia _ iubilacia, romelSic teqstis erT marcvalze ramdenime
musikaluri bgera gaimRereba. fsalmodiasTan erTad Camoyalibda galoba _
himnebic. SemdgomSi igi safuZvlad daedo evropuli mravalxmianobis adreul
formebs _ organumebs.
mravalxmianobis Seqmnis pirveli cdebi miekuTvneba VII-IX s.ebs, magram namdvili mravalxmianoba XII s.-dan viTardeba.
rodesac sikeTes gvikeTeben, madlierebis grZnobiT unda gvaxsovdes
igi; xolo Tu cudad mogveqcevian, siyvarulma unda dagvaviwyos igi.
wm. ambrosi mediolaneli
antifonos _ berZn. `is, rac sapasuxod JRers!~
Jubilato _ laT. `mxiaruleba, sixaruli~
qorali _ gem. Choral _ erTi an mravalxmiani
saeklesio sagalobeli.
grigoriseuli sagalobeli _ `Ave Maria~
wm. ambrosi mediolaneli 340-397
8
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Sua saukuneebSi grigoriseul sagalobelTa Caweris specialuri sistema iyo gamomuSavebuli. Tavdapirvelad, maT nevmebiT,
werdnen pirobiTi niSnebiT, romlebic aRniSnavdnen melodiis
ganviTarebis mimarTulebas. nevmebis Canaweri mogvagonebda konspeqts, romelSic aRniSnulia mxolod mTavari, detalebi ki Tavad unda scodnoda Semsrulebels.
grigoriseuli qoralis adreuli nimuSebi gaSifruli ar aris.
IX s-dan, RvTismsaxurebaSi, kanonizirebul grigoriseul qoralTan erTad, gaCnda e.w.
himnebi. himnebTan erTad, saeklesio wiaRSi, nel-nela, xalxuri melodiebis axali formebic mkvidrdeba. mag. sekvenciebi (sequere – miyola, mimdevari) _ improvizaciuli xasiaTis
poeturi CanarTi-epizodebi. misi pirveli avtori Sveicarieli beri notkeria. cxovreba
notkeris
viTardeboda
da sekvencia
erTferovan formebs gamococxleba sWirdeboda. amas Tavad eklesiis
msaxurnic grZnobdnen. amitom garkveul periodSi mcireoden daTmobaze wavidnen, da es Seexo
swored sekvenacias. dakanonebuli sagaloblis
dasrulebis Semdeg `solists~ ufleba mieca
Seesrulebina nebismieri improvizacia sityvebze
`aliluia, osana, amen~. momRerlisTvis es wamaxalisebeli stimuli iyo. es iyo sakmaod mimzidveli
vokalizi, xmovan asoebze agebuli virtuozuli
teqnikiT da mdidari melizmatikiT gamorCeuli
vokaluri melodiebi. sekvenciebis kvaldakval
viTardeba tropebi _ locvis ZiriTadi sagaloblebis damatebiTi teqsti da musika.
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adreuli nevmuri damwerloba
9
gakveTili 5
sanoto damwerloba
adamianebi uZvelesi droidan cdilobdnen TaobebisTvis SemoenaxaT musika, risTvisac melodiis Cawera aucilebeli iyo. notebis
Caweras, anu notaciis moxerxebuli da zusti sistemis Seqmnas, mravali aswleuli dasWirda. Zvel saberZneTSi musikalur bgerebs berZnuli anbanis asoebiT aRniSnavdnen. berZnebi musikalur bgeraTa
rigis safexurebs anbanis ama Tu im asoTi gamoxatavdnen, magram ritmul niSnebs yovelTvis ar amatebdnen. am notaciis gaSifvra mecnierebma mxolod XIX s-Si moaxerxes. Sua saukuneebSi, evropaSi asoiTi
notacia TiTqmis miviwyebuli iyo. amitom musikosebi damxmare niSnebs, erTgvar miniSnebebs iyenebdnen. es specialuri niSnebi – nevmebi
iyo. isini mogvagoneben patara xazebs, wertilebsa da mZimeebs. saqarTveloSic nevmebs iyenebdnen. magram yvela es niSani arc mTlad moxerxebuli
iyo. mag; nevmebi iwereboda teqstis zemodan. saqarTveloSi ki striqons zeviT
da qveviT. isini aRniSnavda calkeuli bgeris an bgerebis mcire jgufebs da
momRerals mianiSnebdnen, Tu rogor unda emoZrava melodias. es miniSnebebi
mxolod maSin exmareboda momRerals, Tu man melodia zepirad icoda. ase zepirad gadascemdnen adamianebi musikas Taobidan Taobas.
gvido arecos himni
gvido areco 992-1050w.
10
Sua saukuneebSi musika ZiriTadad eklesiaSi iswavleboda da amiT RvTismsaxurebi da berebi iyvnen dakavebulni.
erT-erTma maTganma, genialuri xerxi
gamoigona – man furcelze gaavlo xazi,
romelzedac erTi simaRlis nevmebi daxata. es xazi wiTeli iyo. Semdgom sxvam
am erT xazs daemata II – amjerad yviTeli xazi,
romelic sxva simaRlis bgeras aRniSnavda.
III da IV xazi ki XI s-Si, italielma berma gvido
arecom (gvido arecodan) gaavlo. man notaciis
axali xerxi gamoigona. igi biWunebs monasterSi simReras aswavlida da undoda, rom maT sagaloblebi advilad daemaxsovrebinaT. gvidom
erTmaneTisgan Tanabari manZiliT dacilebuli oTxi
paraleluri xazi gaavlo. nevmebi ukve xazebze da maT
Soris ganlagdnen, rac bevrad zustad da dawvrilebiT
gamoxatavda bgeris simaRles.
axali notaciis Seqmnis Sesaxeb xmebi,
rogorc raRac saswaulis Sesaxeb, ise gavrcelda da romis papi ioane XIX-s karamdec miaRwia.
amgvarad, XI s-is dasawyisSi, musikosma
da Teoretikosma gvido arecom gadatrialeba moaxdina Caweris sistemaSi. 4-xaziani
sistema gaxda wina saxe Tanamedrove sanoto damwerlobisa, romelic emyareba xuT
xazs. TiTqmis amavdroulad gaCnda ZiriTadi bgerebis – Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La – dasaxegvido arecos saflavis qva
lebac. es iyo sawyisi marcvlebi mociquli
ioanesadmi miZRvnili laTinuri himnisa, romelic Seqmna berma pavle diakonma. ioane saeklesio galobis mfarvelad iTvleboda.
mogvianebiT, marcvali Ut Seicvala `Do~-­Ti da gaCnda kidev erTi bgeris saxelic – Si sityvaTSeTanxmebidan Sancta Iohanne `wminda ioane~.
am droidan mTels msoflioSi musikis Casawerad notebs iyeneben.
gvido arecos himni
&c
gvido arecos himni
ut
ut
&w
w
w
w
qu - eant
w
w
w
la
-
w
w
w
re - so - na - re
re
w
xis
w
fi
- bris
&w w w w w w w w
mi
mi
gvido arecos xeli sanoto xazebiTa da
sanoto niSnebiT, riTac is aswavlida
Tavis mowafeebs sagaloblebs.
gvido areco. wminda
ioanesadmi miZRvnili himni.
Sua saukuneebis italiuri musika
mousmine da gaiazre
&w
fa
fa
-
-
ra
w w
-
sto - rum
w w
mu - li
tu
w w
-
o - rum
&w w w w w w w
sol
sol -
&w
-
-
w w
& w
san
san
w
-
ve
pol - lu - ti
>
w w
w w
la - bi - i
la
nevma _ berZn. pnevma niSnavs sunTqvas uxazo notaciis niSnebi. gvxvdeba
Zv. civilizaciebSi – egvipte, indoeTi,
palestina, siria, sparseTi.
noti _ laT. note niSnavs `niSans~,
`aRniSvnas~.
ge
re - a
w
cte
w
Jo -
-
w
tum
w
ha - nnes.
gadawere da gaimRere gvido arecos himni
11
rogor iqcnen nevmebi notebad
12
gakveTili 6
rogor ganviTarda mravalxmianoba
notaciis srulyofasTan erTad, TandaTanobiT sanoto
xelnawerebis ufro zusti wakiTxva gaxda SesaZlebeli. notaciis gamogoneba dakavSirebulia da emTxveva mravalxmianobis ganviTarebis dasawyiss – rac Zalze mniSvnelovani etapia musikis istoriaSi.
uZveles droSi da Sua saukuneebSic, didi xnis manZilze, musika erTxmiani iyo. momRerali simReras asrulebda
da imave melodias sakravze ukravda. zogjer momRerlis
xma da sakravi ar emTxveoda erTmaneTs, Semdeg ki kvlav
erTiandeboda. amgvarad, xandaxan 2-xmianobis elementebi
Cnde­boda. IX-X saukuneebis mijnaze mravalxmianoba Tandanotr dami
Tan iwyebs ganviTarebas da SemdgomSi, profesiul musikaSi,
kerZod kaTolikur eklesiaSi. Tavdapirvelad, roca erTi an ramdenime momRerali erTad asrulebda grigoriseuli qoralis nel, mSvid melodias, II xma mas
igive ritmSi mkacrad paraleluri moZraobebiT oqtavaSi, kvartis an kvintis
dacilebiT mosdevda. aseTi orxmianoba CvenTvis axla
martivi JReradobisaa, magram saukuneTa win, aseTi simRera adamianebs aRafrTovanebda da musikisTvis axal
gamomsaxvel saSualebebs xsni­da. Tavdapirvelad gaCnda
aseTi martivi or­xmiani qoralebi _ organumebi. orxmiani
organumebis saukeTeso Semqmnelad da `organumebis didi
wignis~ Semdgenelad iTvleba
frangi musikosi leonini.
saeklesio musikaSi, TandaTan, uf­ro metad gamomsaxveli
xdeba meore xmis moZraoba. moleonini 1163-1201
gvianebiT ki, simRera-galoba
3, 4 da ufro metxmianic xdeba. aseTi 3-4-xmiani sagaloblebi Seqmna XIII s-Si eklesiis musikosma perotinim. misi sagaloblebi parizis RvTismSoblis taZarSi – notr-damSi JRerda, sadac daarsda kidec
samomRerlo skola notr-dami. Sua saukuneebis goTikuri arqiteqturis es SesaniSnavi Zegli aRwera XIX
s-is frangma mweralma v. hiugom Tavis saxelganTqmul romanSi `parizis RvTismSoblis taZari~...
ase daiwyo ganviTareba polifoniam. berZnulad igi mravalxmianobas
perotini. organumis xelnaweri
niSnavs. es iseTi mravalxmianobaa, saaleluia
dac erTdroulad JRers Tanabari, erTnairi mniSvnelobis ori an meti xma.
saeklesio mravalaxmianobis ganviTarebasTan erTad, Cndeba axali musikaluri Janrebi – konduqti da moteti.
droTa ganmavlobaSi, mravalxmiani simReris TanxlebisTvis, sakravebis gamoyenebac daiwyes. frangi kompozitoris
giiom de maSos SemoqmedebaSi vokali zogjer mTavar xmas
asrulebda, danarCeni xmebi ki instrumentuli iyo. misi oTx­
xmiani mesa pirveli saavtoro polifoniuri mesaa musikis istoriaSi.
giiom de maSo 1300-1377
13
kaTolikur eklesiaSi mesa yvelaze didi,
rTuli musikaluri Janri gaxda. igi 4-5-xmiani
sagundo nawarmoebia. mesis 5 ZiriTadi nawili saeklesio himnebidan Camoyalibda. es nawilebia: 1. Kyrie eleison _ ufalo Segviwyale,
2. Gloria _ dideba, 3. Credo _ mwams, 4. Sanctus _
wminda arss da Benediectus _ kurTxeul arss,
5. Agnus dei _ RvTis kravi.
es tradicia, Sesrulebis es wesi, dRemdea
SenarCunebuli kaTolikur eklesiaSi.
giom de maSos sanoto xelnaweri
konduqti (laT. conductus­
- `wamyvani~) sasuliero da
saero Sinaarsis nawarmoebebia, romlebic sadResaswaulo svlebisa da procesebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. teqstebi laTinurad iwereboda.
moteti (frangulad motet, mot-dan - `sityva~) –
TiToeul xmas Seesabameboda Tavisi teqsti. xandaxan teqstebi xmebisTvis sxvadasxva enebzec ki iwereboda. motetebic saeklesio da saero musikaSi
gvxvdeba.
gaudencio ferari.
mesa _ sasuliero musikis nawarmoebi gundis,
wm. sesilia da wm. margarita
zogjer solisti _ momRerlebis monawileobiT da
instrumentuli TanxlebiT. sruldeba kaTolikur eklesiaSi, laTinur enaze.
`Ite missa est ecclesia~ _ `wadiT, Sekreba dasrulebulia~. am sityvebiT qristianobis gariJraJze, RvTismsaxurebis win eklesiidan iTxovdnen maT, vinc jer
kidev gamocdas gadioda. eklesiaSi mxolod TemSi miRebulebi rCebodnen. mesa
sxvadasxva saxisaa: yoveldRiuri _ ordinarium, samgloviaro _ Requiem, sadResaswaulo _ solemnis.
organumi _ laTinurad Organum iaraRs, instruments niSnavs. kaTolikur eklesiaSi _ orxmiani sagalobelia.
dies irae
?



?


 
 giiom
 demaSo. kancona











perotinis organumi




..

gaimRere grigoriseuli qorali
aleluia
aleluia
&œ œ œ
a. diureri.
mesayvire da medole
&œ
œ
j
œ œ
j
œ œ
j
œ œ
œ
œ œ
J
œ
œ
œ œj œ
J
œ œ
J
œ œ
J
œ
J œ
œ
œ œ
J
j
œ œ
j
œ
œ œ œ
œ
œ
14
j j j j j
& œj œ œ œ œ œ œJ
notkeris sekvencia
œ
J
j
œ œJ
œ
J
œ
œ
œ
J
œ
J
j
œ
Sua saukuneebis sakravebi
gakveTili 7
Sua saukuneebSi sxvadasxva sakravi iyo gavrcelebuli. maT Soris
_ xis Casaberebi: krumhorni (germ. Krummhorn _ `mrude
rqa~) da Salmei (berZn, `Calamos~- `lerwami~).
krumhornebi XI saukuneSi gaCnda. sakravis grZeli
xis tari kauWiviT moRunulia, xolo swor tanze naxvretebi aqvs TiTebisaTvis. naxvretebze TiTis daWerisas
krumhorni
Semsrulebeli cvlis bgeris simarRles. Bbgera ki Ggamoicemoda specialuri mowyobilobis-trostis meSveobiT(lerwmis patara mogrZo firfita). krumhornebSi erTdroulad or firfitas iyenebdnen. sakravis diapazoni didi ar iyo, oqtavaze odnav
meti. male krumhornebis mTeli ojaxi gaCnda: TiToeuli sakravi gansazRvrul registrSi JRerda. sxva CasaberTagan gansxvavebiT, krumhornebis JReradoba rbili
trumSaiti
iyo, maTze lirikul musikas asrulebdnen.
Salmei _ Seiqmna XIII saukuneSi, agebulebiT gavs krumhornebs, zeda mxares aqvs e.w. `pirueti~ (rac Tanamedrove saqsofons
mogvagonebs). aqvs rva naxvreti, erTi maTgani sarqveliT ixureba. mogvianebiT sarqvelebi gamoiyenes sxva Casaber sakraveb­
Sic. Salmeis mkveTri da mJReri xma aqvs, misi dabali bgerebic
Salme
ki sakmaod xmamaRali da gamWolia.
didi popularobiT sargeblobda sxvdasxva regist­
ris ganivi da sigrZivi fleitebi. ganivi fleitebisgan
gansxvavebiT, igi vertikalurad eWiraT.
fleitebSi trosti ar gamoiyeneba, amitom
isini ufro Cumad JRers, vidre sxva Casaberebi, magram maTi tembri saocrad nazia
da mdidari elferi aqvs.
XI saukunidan cnobilia trumSaiti
(germanulad Trumme _ `sayviri~, Scheit _
`Rero~).
simebian-xemian sakravebs Soris gavrcelebuli iyo rebeki da fideli. maT aqvT
ganivi fleitebi
kelturi arfa
2-5 simi, magram fidels ufro mrgvali
korpusi aqvs, msxals mogvagonebs, rebeki ki ufro mogrZo formisaa.
xemian sakravTa garda, gavrcelebuli iyo simebiani arfa da citra.
Sua saukuneebis arfa hgavs Tanamedroves, magram zomiT pataraa.
citra gavs sworkuTxovan yuTs, romelsac cal mxares simebi aqvs. simebis
gadasaWimad xmarobdnen grifs _ (`saxeluri, tari~) xis firfitas, romelic dayofilia ladebad. aqvs 30-40 simi, maTgan 4-5
liTonisaa, danarCeni Zuis. Semovida XII-XII ss-Si, popularuli
gaxda XV-XVI saukuneebSi.
Sua saukuneebis melodia keltur arfaze
gaixsene
ra aris diapazoni, registri, tembri.
citra
rebeki
15
gakveTili 8
Gaudemus Igitur
Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748-1785)
Gaudeamus igitur
Iuvenes dum sumus.
Post iucundam iuventutem
Post molestam senectutem
Nos habebit humus.
Ubi sunt qui ante nos
In mundo fuere?
Vadite ad superos
Transite in inferos
Hos si vis videre.
Vivat academia!
Vivant professores!
Vivat membrum quodlibet;
Vivant membra quaelibet;
Semper sint in flore.
Gaudeamus igitur – studenturi simRera-himnia laTinur enaze.
Gaudeamus _ gaudeamus _ laTinurad niSnavs _ `modi, vimxiaruloT~. es simRera daibada XIII-XIV s-Si, savaraudod, haidelbergis an parizis universitetSi. am himns vinme sebastian branti
1267 wels moixseniebs `Gaudeamus igitur~-­is saxelwodebiT. `gaudeamusi~ vagantebis sufruli Janris simRerebidan momdinareobs.
vagantebi Suasaukuneebis moxetiale musikosebi arian, romelTa
Soris iyvnen studentebi.
iohanes okegemi. 1410-1497
saukuneTa manZilze simRera zepirad gadaicemoda, ris gamoc
misi mravali varianti arsebobs. nabeWdi saxiT pirvelad mxolod 1776 wels
gaCnda. 1781 wels ki moxetiale mweralma qindlebenma misca is forma, romelic dRemdea SenarCunebuli, xolo simReris cnobili motivi savaraudod XV
s-is kompozitorma iohanes okegemma daaamkvidra.
es simRera sxvadasxva qveynis studentebSi gaxda popularuli. igi xotbas
asxams sicocxles, axalgazrdobasa da mecnierebas (`gavixaroT, vimxiaruloT,
sanam axalgazrdebi varT~...). `Gaudeamus~ gamoyenebuli aqvT sxvadasxva kompozitorebs, mag; lists, brams da sxv. germanelma kompozitorma humperdinkma ki
germaneli studentebis Sesaxeb dawera opera `gaudeamusi~.
Gaudemus Igitur
Gaudemus Igitur
& 43 .. œ . œ œ
œ
Gau - de - a - mus
œ. œ 
i - gi tur,
œ œ œ
& œ. œ œ
œ
& œ. œ œ
œ œ
œ
œ
U
œ
bit
hu
-
mus,
Post
Nos
iu cun - dum
ha - be
-
œ
iu - ven - tu - tem,
Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748-1785)
œ œ œ
œ. œ œ
œ
Iu - ve nes
dum
œ. œ œ
œ
Post
mo les -
œ. œ œ
Nos
ha - be
-
tam
su
-
mus;
œ œ œ
œ
se - nec - tu - tem
œ œ
œ
œ
bit
hu
-
`Gaudeamus igitur~ - mousmine da imRere TviTon
16
..
Œ
U
œ
mus.
 œ œ œ
 
.
œ
œ œ
  œ œ œ œ œœ
& baleluia
. œ œ œ œ œ
   œ  œ œ œ j
j
j
j
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œkiTxva
& œ furclidan
J
J
J
J
&œ
œ œ œ œ œ œj œ œ œ
œ gadawere,
œ œ daukari
mervedi grZliobis notebi
J da aRniSne
J
j
œ œ
œ
nawyvetebi Sua saukuneebis saero musikidan
espanuri
simRera
espanuri simRera
j
2
j
j
œ œ œ
œ
&4 œ œ œ
œ
J
notkeris sekvencia
j j œjj œj j jœj œ œ œj œ
&
& œŒ œ œj œ œ œ œ œJ J œ J œ Jœ
j œj œj œj
œ
œ
Œ
œ
œ jœ j œj
œ œ œj
J œ œ œ œ J jJ
œ œ
j j œ œ œ œ
j œ œ œ j j j
Spilmanis
melodia
Spilmanis
melodia
œ
œ
œ
œ
&J J J
œ J J J
œ J J J œ œ œ
2
&4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
j j
j j j j j j œ j j j j
œ œ 1.œ œ œ 2. J œ œ œ
&œ œ œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
peri
œ
.
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ œ œ 
. œ œ œ œ œ œ
& œ
œ .
w
œ
œ
œ
w

œ

w

j Œ œ  . œ œ œ œ œ œ
# œ j œœ
j
 œjœ
C
œ
&
œ
œ
œ
&œ
œ
œ
J
J
œ œ œ
&œœœ œ œ œ
œ œ œ
œ œ w w
œœœ œ œ œœœ œ œ
w
œ
œ
œ
#œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
œ
&
œ œ #œ œ œ
sufruli
simRera
sufruli
simRera
& b 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ 
œ œ œ œ 
Sotlandiuri himni
œ . œj œ Œ

1.
2.
& b4 œœ œœœ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ  œœ œ œœ œœ œœœ œ œ .. œœœ œœœœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ Œœœ
œ
&4 œ  œ  œ œ
œ 
rondo
rondo
œœ 3œ œœ œœ œ œ œœœ œœ œ œœ  . Œ œœ œœ Œ œœ
&
b
& 4
œ  œ
&b 
&b 
œ œ œ œ 
œ 
Œ 
œ œ œ œ 
œ 
Œ 
gvidos magaliTebi
?
& bww 
?w
?
wwœ œ wwœ œ ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww ww
œœ œœ œœœ œ œœ œœ œ œœ œœ œœ w w Œ

œ œ œ  œœ 
œ œ œ œ 
œ 
Œ
œ œ œ œ

œ 
Œ
œww  wwŒ  ww œ wwœ œ wœw  wwœ ww.
ww ww ww
ww ww ww
ww
ww ww ww
Spilmani germanuli sityvaa _ Sua saukuneebis moxetiale musikosi
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
ww
17
gakveTili 9
Sua saukuneebis saero musika
Sua saukuneebSi, saeklesio profesiuli musikis ganviTarebasTan erTad, viTardeba saero profesiuli­musikac. misi Janrebi da formebi umetesad xalxur tradiciebze aRmocenda. xalxur musikas xSirad asrulebdnen
qalaqebSi moxetiale msaxiobebi. isini erTdroulad iyvnen musikosebi, mocekvaveebi, pantomimis ostatebi, akrobatebi, gaiTamaSebdnen sxvadasxva scenebs, monawileobas
iRebdnen Teatralizebul warmodgenebSi, romlebic
balada arfis TanxlebiT
pirdapir quCebsa da moednebze imarTeboda.
aseTi warmodgenebi iyo misteriebi, sakarnavalo da mxiaruli `xumaraTa
warmodgenebi~ da sxva. eklesia aseT qmedebebs metad frTxilad ekideboda,
radgan SiSobda, aseT wadmodgenebs adamianebSi zedmeti, zRvargadasuli grZnobebi ar gamoewvia.
XII-XIIIs.s.-ebSi profesiuli saero musikis ayvaveba dakavSirebulia raindul
kulturasTan – Sua saukuneebis samxedro aristokratiis
xelovnebasTan. raindebi did dros atarebdnen laSqrobebSi, brZolebsa da sxvadasxva SejibrebSi. bevr maTgans
uyvarda poezia da musika. swored aseTi raindebi gaxdnen
pirveli kompozitorebi. isini cxovrobdnen samxreT safrangeTSi, provansSi, XI saukuneSi. maT trubadurebs eZaxdnen. isini werdnen leqsebs da musikas am leqsebisTvis,
xolo maTi msaxurebi – menestrelebi TavianTi batonebis
simRerebs mRerodnen.
trubadurebi swavlobdnen ara mxolod poezias da musikas, aramed zogadad kargi qcevisa da mandilosnebTan Tavaziani moqcevis wesebs. maT unda scodnodaT yvelaferi,
rac maT garSemo xdeboda, gaegoT samefo karze momxdari
ambebi, eqspromtad SeeTxzaT leqsebi, scodnodaT dakvra
or sakravze mainc.
trubaduri qudiT
trubadurebi da menestrelebi mogzaurobdnen mTels
qveyanaSi. TavianT simRerebs mSvenier qalbatonebs uZRvnidnen. amitom maTi
Semoqmedebis mTavari Tema iyo amaRlebuli siyvaruli. isini qmnidnen martiv
da yvelasTvis gasageb simRerebs, romlebSic aRwerdnen aseve brZolis scenebs, umRerodnen mSobliuri bunebis silamazes. trubadurTa zogierT simReras dResac mRerian safrangeTSi.
trubadurebi xSirad simRerebs XIIs-is epikuri poemis (`simRera roland­
ze~) teqstebze werdnen, romelic mogviTxrobs karlos didis laSqrobebze
da misi erTguli raindis _ rolandis tragikul bedze.
soflis cxovrebis idiliur suraTze mogviTxroben simRerebi _ nazi pasturelebi. maT safuZvelze mogvianebiT Seiqmna pastorali _ nawarmoebi, romelic gadmoscems adamianis kavSirs bunebasTan.
trubadurebisgan gansxvavebiT, truverebi axlos iyvnen qalaqisa da xalxis cxovrebasTan, maTi Semoqmedeba
ufro demokratiuli iyo.
frang trubadurebs germanuli rainduli poeziis da
musikis warmomadgenlebi minezingerebi hgvanan. gansakuTrebiT popularulebi iyvnen XII-XIII saukuneebSi volfram
fon eSenbaxi da valter fon der fogelvaidi. 1207 wels
qalaq valtburgSi maTi Sejibric ki moewyo. mogvianebiT,
trubaduri
18
es ambavi safuZvlad daedo rainduli literaturisa da musikis araerT nawarmoebs. am Sejibrze
mogviTxrobs vagneris opera `tanhoizeric~.
minezingerTa Semoqmedebis mTavari Temac
siyvarulia, magram maTi musika ufro mkacria,
zogjer pirquSic ki. maT musikaSi ufro metia fiqri da gansja, vidre mgznebare grZnobebi, melodiebi gvxiblavs ubraloebiTa da lakonurobiT,
sulieri siRrmiT, riTac saeklesio nawarmoebebs
utoldeba.
minezingerebi XIV saukunidan maisterzingerebma Secvales.
trubaduri
Sua saukuneebis musikaSi
calke jgufia keltTa musika. keltebis karis musikosebi iyvnen bardebi, romlebic asrulebdnen gmirul satirul, sabrZolo simRerebs da baladebs, simebiani sakravis _ krotis TanxlebiT.
Zalze didia rainduli xelovnebis mniSvneloba evropuli kulturisTvis. man didi gavlena iqonia ara mxolod mxatvruli Semoqmedebis formirebaze, aramed
grZnobaTa kulturazec. amitomac araa gasakviri, rom
aRorZinebis xanis italieli poetebi _ dante, petrarka
_ sakuTar Tavebs trubadurTa memkvidreebad miiCnevdnen. XVIIIs-Si es daviwyebuli xelovneba aaRorZines romantikosebma. mag; novalisma. trubadurebis xelovneba
itacebda puSkins da haines...
minezingerebi
gudastvirebis musika.
XIII saukunis germanuli simRera _ trubadurebi
trubaduri _ modis gamoTqmidan art de trobas _ `Seqmnis xelovneba~, SeiZleba vTargmnoT rogorc `gamomgonebeli~, `SemTxzveli~. trubadurebis musika ganicdida xalxuri Semoqmedebis gavlenas, magram ufro faqizi, haerovani, mSvidi da natifia.
truveri _ axlosaa mniSvnelobiT sityvasTan `trubaduri~, magram warmoSobilia Zv. franguli zmnidan `trouver~ rac niSnavs _ `povna~, `gamogoneba~,
`SeTxzva~.
pastorali _ fr. pastourelle _ `mwyemsi qali~
menestreli _ laT. ministrialis _ didebulis karze momsaxure
minenzingeri _ germ. minnesinger _ `siyvarulis momRerali~, igivea rac
safrangeTSi trubaduri
maisterzingeri _ germ. meistersinger _ simReris ostati _ XIV-XVI s.s.-ebis
germaniaSi poeti da momRerali
bardi _ ingl. bard _ uZveles keltur tomebSi _ saxalxo momRerali
19
gakveTili 10
Cemi qveynis buneba
musika: arCil kereseliZis
o ra kargia Cemi qveynis buneba,
roca maisis sio geCurCuleba.
ise ifurCqnebian ia-vardebi
rom ar giyvarde vficav, Segiyvardebi
netav sad aris mxare ulamazesi
Tbili da wminda rogorc dedis alersi
arCil kereseliZe
??
ise ifurCqnebian ia-vardebi w w
w w
w giyvarde
w
w w rom ar
vficav, Segiyvardebi
w w
??
# #
&&
w w
w w
w w
arCil kereseliZe. w w
w w
w
w
simRera qarTuli mxatvruli filmidan `ori ojaxi~ 1958w.
mousmine simReris minus fonogramas da imRere TviTon.
gaiazre
qarTuli musikis istoriidan
b
1887-89 wlebSi saqarTveloSi _ Tbilissa da borjomSi imogzaura. aq
& p.b&Caikovskim
dawera man simfoniuri suita `mocartiana~, baleti `mZinare mzeTunaxavi~ da muSaobda operaze `pikis qali~.
# #
& gamoCenilma
&
qarTvelma reJisorma sandro axmetelma 1928 wlis 16 marts dadga
qarTvel kompozitorTagan yvelaze meti _ rva opera _ dawera a. andriaSvilma –
(1904-1992), eqvsi – o. TaqTaqiSvilma (1924-1989).
z. faliaSvilis opera `latavra~.
ana TulaSvili (1874-1956) aris pirveli qarTveli profesionali pianisti qali.
b& b
& 1904
wels kojorSi daibada gamoCenili sabWoTa kompozitori aram xaCaturiani.
aloiz mizandaris (1838-1912) romansi `Cven davSordiT~ qarTuli musikis
pirveli dabeWdili nawarmoebia, romelic gamoica peterburgSi 1863 wels.
w w
& cnobilma
&
w w kompozitorma
da pedagogma s. taneevma 1885 wels pirvelma Caiwera
w w rusma
qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi.
& & w ww w w ww w
w w
w w
mixeil nanobaSvili – miSel dariali (1878-1941) qarTveli momRerali, romelic
1908-24 wlebSi parizis grand-operis solisti iyo.
&&
w w
20
bw bw
w w
kadrebi filmidan
`ori ojaxi~ 1958w.
gakveTili 11
renesansi
XV-XVI ss-Si evropis qveynebSi kulturam da mecnierebam
ganviTarebis umaRles mwvervals miaRwia. es aris aRorZinebis
miqelanjelo. siqstis kapela xana, anu renesansi. am epoqis SemoqmedTaTvis mTavari, ZiriTadi
adamis Seqmna
principi humanizmi da harmoniulobaa. maT ainteresebT adamianis pirovneba da iswrafvian axleburad Seicnon samyaro.
aRorZinebis xana erT-erTi saukeTesoa kacobriobis istoriaSi. man Secvala Sua saukuneebis xangrZlivi epoqa da udidesi gavlena moaxdina kulturis mTel Semdgom ganviTarebaze. evropaSi aRorZinebis xana daiwyo XIV
saukuneSi, italiaSi. XV saukunis II naxevridan farTod moicva dasavleTi
da centraluri evropis qveynebi, ganviTarebis umaRles mwvervals ki XVI
saukuneSi miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi renesansi ufro adre,
romi.
wm. petres taZari
XII saukuneSi daiwyo daviT aRmaSeneblis epoqaSi.
Sua saukuneebSi ganviTarda savaWro urTierToba aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis qveynebs Soris, rasac xeli Seuwyo didma geografiulma aRmoCenebma, mogzaurebma vasko da gamam, magelanma, romelmac
pirvelma Semouara dedamiwas. kolumbma ki 1492 wels amerikis kontinenti aRmoaCina. ganviTarda astronomia. jordano brunom pirvelma gamoTqva Tavisufali azri imis Sesaxeb, rom dedamiwa mrgvalia da is mzis garSemo brunavs.
am periodSi ganviTarda xelovnebis iseTi dargebi, rogoricaa qandakeba, arqiteqtura, mozaika da,
gansakuTrebiT, ferwera.
aRorZinebis xanis italiaSi xelovneba arnaxul
aRmavlobas ganicdida, gaTavisuflda Sua saukurafaeli. avtoportreti
neebis religiuri dogmebisa da asketizmisgan. marTalia, mxatvrebi TavianT Sedevrebs isev bibliur
siuJetebze qmnidnen, magram am tipis nawarmoebebSi mTavari, rogorc aRvniSneT, adamiani da misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi
ian van eiki.
iyo. religiur siuJetebSi mxatvrebs miwieri, saero Sinaarsi
angelozi ukravs organze
SehqondaT.
italiur renesansSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava ferweris veneciur skolas: joto, tintorento, ticiani, veroneze. rodesac vixsenebT kacobriobis istoriis am saocar dros da mis warmomadgenlebs, ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT miqelanjelo – moqandake, fermweri,
poeti, arqiteqtori, mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi, romlis monumenturi
Sedevrebi `daviTi~, `pieta~, `mose~ vatikanSi, `wminda petres taZari~
romSi, mTels msoflioSia cnobili.
am epoqis kidev erTi didi warmomadgenelia leonardo da vinmiqelanjelo.
Ci,
mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela dargSi garkveuli adamiani, udidesi
avtoportreti
fermweri. TviTon leonardo ferweras xelovnebis
dargebs Soris upirvelesad Tvlida. misi `saidumlo seroba~,
`madona lita~, `madona yvaviliT~, `angiaris brZola~, `jokondas idumali Rimili~ dRemde xiblavs da aocebs msoflios.
leonardo iyo poeti, musikosi, astronomi, fizikosi, arqiteqtori, eqimi.
amave xanaSi aRorZinda musikaluri xelovnebac. mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda italiaSi ori skola – romis _ palesmiqelanjelo. `pieta~
21
trinas meTaurobiT da veneciis _ gabrielis
xelmZRvanelobiT. maTi dramatuli madrigalebi italiuri operis uSualo winamorbedia. madrigalebs hqondaT libreto, moqmedi pirebi, magram jer ar iyo solo ariebi da
reCitativebi. XV-XVI s-ebSi evropis musikalur cxovrebaze didi gavlena iqonia niderlandebis polifoniurma skolam. am skolis
orlando laso
xelovanTa Soris gamoirCevian giom diufai,
iohanes okegemi, Josken depre, orlando laso da sxva. musikaluri xelovneba viTardeba aseve espaneTSi, safrangeTSi, inglisSi, poloneTSi. am periodSi safuZveli eyreba iseT
Janrs, rogoricaa opera.
Josken depre
saero musikaSi viTardeba sxvadasxva
vokaluri da instrumentuli Janrebi: kancona, Sansoni, balada... Zlierdeba interesi xalxuri sasimRero-­sacekvao
Janrebisadmi, keTilxmovani da bunebrivi melodiebisadmi.
swored aRorZinebis xanaSi iZens srul damoukideblobas
instrumentuli musika. gavrcelebuli sakravebia: liutna (barbiTi), organi, klavesini da maTi nairsaxeobebi. XVI
saukunis bolos ki saviolino nawarmoebebi Seiqmna. gavrcelda saojaxo muzicirebis formebi.
ganviTarda musikis Teoria, Seiqmna musikalur-Teoriuli traqtatebi.
jovani palestrina
Josken depre. `pavana~
a. gabrieli. `daviTis fsalmunebi~
orlando laso. `aleluia~
jovani palestrina. agnus dei,
aRorZinebis xanis italiuri simRera
andrea da jovani gabrielis
simRerebis krebulis satitulo
gverdi venecia 1587w.
madrigali _ it. Madrigale – aRorZinebis epoqis saero musikalur-poeturi Janri momdinareobs Zveli italiuri mwyemsuri
simRerebidan. XIV s-Si profesiul musikaSi lirikuri Sinaarsis
kupleturi formis 2-3-xmiani simReraa.
leonardo da vinCi.
avtoportreti
leonardo da vinCi cnobili mxatvari, moqandake, arqiteqtori, maTematikosi, geologi, gamomgonebeli, inJineri da amave dros
musikosic iyo. SesaniSnavad ukravda barbiTze da mReroda. Tavadac aswavlida simReris xelovnebas. igi iyo
pirveli, vinc Seiswavla vokaluri
xelovnebis buneba, gamoikvlia sasunTqi organoebis, tuCebis, ybebis,
piris Rrusa da kbilebis roli mReris procesSi. yovelive es aRwerilia 1516 wels daweril traqtatSi, romelic sakmaod gvian gaxda cnobili
STamomavlebisTvis.
leonardo da vinCi. saidumlo seroba
22
gakveTili 12
SoTa rusTaveli `vefxistyaosani~
dasawyisi
romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa,
zegardmo arsni suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa,
Cven, kacTa, mogvca qveyana, gvaqvs uTvalavi feriTa,
misgan ars yovli xelmwife saxiTa mis mieriTa.
Tamar mefe
he RmerTo erTo, Sen Sehqmen saxe yovlisa tanisa,
Sen damifare, Zleva mec daTrgunvad me satanisa,
momec mijnurTa survili, sikvdimde gasatanisa,
codvaTa Sesubuqeba, mun Tana wasatanisa.
vis Svenis, _ lomsa, _ xmareba Subisa, far_SimSerisa,
_ mefisa mzis Tamarisa, Rawv_balaxS, Tma_giSerisa,_
mas, ara vici, Sevhkadro Sesxma xotbisa Serisa?
misTa mWvretelTa yandisa mirTma xams, marT miSerisa.
Tamars vaqebdeT mefesa sisxlisa creml_daTxeuli,
vTqveni qebani visni me ar_avad gamorCeuli.
melnad vixmare giSris tba da kalmad me na rxeuli,
vinca isminos, daesvas laxvari gulsa xeuli.
mibrZanes maTad, saqebrad Tqma leqsebisa tkbilisa,
qeba warbTa da wamwamTa, TmaTa da bage_kbilisa,
brol_balaxSisa Tlilisa, mis mijriT miwyobilisa.
gastex qvasaca magarsa gvrdemli tyviisa lbilisa.
p. Caikovski. safortepiano koncerti #1, I nawili
r. vagneri. opera `tanhoizeri~ _ uvertiura
musikis fonze waikiTxeT SoTa rusTavelis poema
`vefxistyaosnis~ nawyveti da gamoavlineT saukeTeso
SoTa rusTavelis freska.
ierusalimi, jvris monasteri
23
gakveTili 13
qarTuli galoba
sulxan-saba orbeliani „sityvis konaSi“ ganmartavs: „galoba ars xma angelozTadmi mimsgavsebuli“. gal­oba
RvTis sadidebeli locvaa.
msoflios yvela qristianul eklesias sakuTari,
originaluri sagaloblebi aqvs, romelTa Sorisac erTerTi gamorCeuli da Rirseuli adgili qarTul tradiciul galobas ukavia.
qarTuli saeklesio galobis istoria aTeul saukunes iTvlis. qristianobis damkvidrebis pirvel xanaSi
RvTismsaxureba berZnul enaze mimdinareobda. galobac berZnuli
iyo _ erTxmiani. axali religiis dasamkvidreblad aucilebeli gaxda RvTismsaxurebis mSobliur enaze warmarTva.
qarTuli qristianuli sagalobeli qarTuli xalxuri adgilobrivi musikaluri tradiciebidan aRmocenda. qarTveli mecnierebis varaudiT, mravalxmiani galoba VII-VIII saukeneebidan unda damkvidrebuliyo, rac gasakviri arc
aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom qarTvelTa musikaluri azrovneba mravalxmianobis fenomens eyrdnoba.
VII-VIII saukuneebidan eklesia-monastrebTan ukve samgalobo skolebi da mgalobelTa gundebi yalibdeba. am periodSive Seiqmna
moZRvreba galobis swavlebis Sesaxeb, romelsac
„xmiT saswavleli swavlai“ ewodeboda. gaCnda
profesionali musikosis moTxovnileba, romelic
sasuliero teqstebze musikis Seqmnas, e.i „xmis
dadebas“ SeZlebda. samefo da saeklesio karze
Seiqmna „mgalobelT­uxucesis“, „galobis moZRvris“,
„mwignobarmgaloblis“, „mTavarmgaloblis“, „galobis winamZRvris Tananmdebobebi“.
miqael modrekilis sagalobelTa krebuli
qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobisa da musikis aRma977-988 ww.
vloba gamoCenil saeklesio moRvaweTa saxelebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. istoriam Semogvinaxa maTi saxelebi: ioane sabanisZe, ioane minCxi, grigol xanZTeli,
ioane zosime, giorgi merCule, giorgi da eqvTime mTawmindelebi, arsen
iyalToeli, ioane petriwi da sxv. maT Soris gamorCeuli adgili X saukunis
moRvawes miqael modrekils ukavia, romlis mier Sedgenili krebuli samgalobo niSnebiT anu nevmebiT aris Semkuli. jerjerobiT, musikaluri damwerlobis es sistema gaSifruli ar aris, Tumca unda iTqvas, rom amave periodSi sxva
qveynebSi arsebuli musikaluri niSnebisagan qarTuli nevmebi gansxvavebuli da
TviTmyofadia.
saqarTvelos istoriis mZime periodebSi dampyrobTa gamudmebuli Semosevebis Sedegad, qarTuli kulturis, kerZod saeklesio musikis ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad ferxdeboda. nadgurdeboda samgalobo krebulebi, daviwyebas mieca musikaluri damwerloba, aRar funqcionirebda eklesia-monastrebTan arsebuli
samgalobo skolebi. mdgo­mareoba, gansakuTrebiT, XIX da XX saukuneebSi damZimda. saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis Semdeg,
saqarTvelos eklesias CamoerTva avtokefalia da misi marTva
rus egzarqosebs gadaecaT. maTi brZanebiT, aikrZala eklesiebSi
mSobliur enaze wirva-locvis Catareba. galoba rusul yaidaze
warmarTes. qarTuli galoba daviwyebis, gaqrobis safrTxis wiqarTuli nevmebi.
Wil-etratis iadgari, X s. naSe dadga. Zalze Semcirda galobis mcodneTa ricxvi.
24
gansakuTrebiT mZime xana, qarTul galobas, sabWoTa periodSi daudga. daingra
eklesia-monastrebi, devnidnen­saeklesio
pirebs, maT Soris, galobis mcodneT.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg kvlav daiwyo qarTuli
saeklesio galobis aRorZinebis procesi
da qarTul taZrebSi kvlav ismis qarTuli
tradiciuli sagalobeli.
Zmebi karbelaSvilebi
XIX s-is 80-ian da XX s-is 10-ian wlebSi,
cnobilma qarTvelma saero da sasuliero moRvaweebma _ filimon
qoriZem, Zmebma karbelaSvilebma, eqvTime kereseliZem sagaloblebi
notebze gadaitanes. moRvaweoba sakmaod rTul pirobebSi uxdebodaT. rom ara maTi rwmena da Tavdadeba, qarTveli eris unikaluri
musikaluri saunje Cvenamde ver moaRwevda. SemorCenilia im cnobil mgalobelTa vinaoba, ro­
m­
elTa gvar-saxelebiT moixsenieba
sxvadasxva samgalobo skolis kiloebi. magaliTad: karwm. eqvTime aRmsarebeli
belaanT kilo, WalaganiZis kilo, kandelakianT galoba,
(kereseliZe)
dumbaZis kilo da sxv.
karbelaSvilebis gvari TiTqmis sami saukunis manZilze, Taobidan
Taobas gadascemda galobis codnasa da tradicias. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sinodis krebis gadawyvetilebiT, eqvTime
kereseliZe, filimon qoriZe da Zmebi karbelaSvilebi wmindanebad Seracxes.
qarTuli musikis istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi didi wvlili miuZRfilimon qoriZe
vis gamoCenil qarTvel mecniers ivane javaxiSvils, misi kvlevebi mocemulia naSromSi `qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~, romelic
1938 wels gamosca.
eqvTime kereseliZis mier Cawerili sagalobeli
sagalobeli `wmidao RmerTo~.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II
wmida ninos tropari
filimon qoriZis mier
gamocemuli sagaloblebis
pirveli krebulis yda. 1895
25
wmidao RmerTo
wmidao RmerTo
& 44 œœ œœ
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26
j
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
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Cven.
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Cven.
sarCevi
adreuli musika Sesavali ......................................................................................................3
bizantiuri musika ..................................................................................................................5
amapola ....................................................................................................................................7
Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropis musika ..........................................................................8
sanoto damwerloba .............................................................................................................10
rogor ganviTarda mravalxmianoba ....................................................................................13
Sua saukuneebis sakravebi ...................................................................................................15
`Gaudeamus igitur~ ...................................................................................................................16
Sua saukuneebis saero musika .............................................................................................18
Cemi qveynis buneba ...............................................................................................................20
renesansi ...............................................................................................................................21
SemoqmedebiTi testi _ dasawyisi .......................................................................................23
qarTuli galoba ...................................................................................................................24
inglisuri balada ................................................................................................................28
Sopenis balada .....................................................................................................................30
Tovli modis .........................................................................................................................32
operis warmoSoba .................................................................................................................33
pirveli opera ......................................................................................................................34
veneciuri opera ...................................................................................................................35
neapoluri opera ..................................................................................................................36
franguli opera ...................................................................................................................37
Mamma ................................................................................................................................................. 38
inglisuri opera ..................................................................................................................39
saopero reforma .................................................................................................................42
rihard vagneri .....................................................................................................................45
vagneris saopero reforma ..................................................................................................47
zaqaria faliaSvili .............................................................................................................48
Cemo kargo qveyanav ..............................................................................................................50
qarTli ..................................................................................................................................51
kaxeTi ....................................................................................................................................55
mesxeTi ...................................................................................................................................56
raWa ........................................................................................................................................57
leCxumi ..................................................................................................................................59
svaneTi ...................................................................................................................................60
samegrelo .............................................................................................................................61
meri daviTaSvili .................................................................................................................62
herio biWebo .........................................................................................................................63
xalxuri musika kompozitorTa SemoqmedebaSi ..................................................................65
baroko ...................................................................................................................................67
antonio vivaldi ..................................................................................................................68
georg hendeli ......................................................................................................................69
oratoria `mesia~ ..................................................................................................................70
iohan sebastian baxi .............................................................................................................71
i.s.baxis saklaviro Semoqmedeba .........................................................................................72
Hallelujah ....................................................................................................................................................74
menueti ..................................................................................................................................75
JorJ bize ..............................................................................................................................79
Can’t buy me love, love ..............................................................................................................................82
igor stravinski ...................................................................................................................83
aleqsi maWavariani ................................................................................................................87
bulbulo nazo .....................................................................................................................88
arnold Sonbergi .................................................................................................................89
muxambazi Tbiliss ................................................................................................................90
Happy new year ....................................................................................................................91
kvarta-kvinturi wre ............................................................................................................92
Finale 2008 ..................................................................................................................................................97
103