lord of the rings jcc - Washington Area Model United Nations

LORD OF THE RINGS JCC
FORCES
OF
MACHINERY
Chair – Isabelle Manke
Crisis Director – Rosa Kim
Vice Chair – Jacob Biesiada
wamunc.com | march 20 – 23, 2014
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Introduction
Dear Delegates,
Welcome to the sixteenth annual Washington Area Model United Nations Conference
(WAMUNC)! My name is Rosa Kim, and I will be serving as the Crisis Director for the Lord of the
Rings Joint Crisis Committee. I am currently a junior in the Elliott School majoring in International
Affairs with a Concentration in Security Policy, and just came back from a semester abroad in
London. I was born and raised in Korea until I moved to Taiwan and lived there for the past fifteen
years. I have been doing Model UN since middle school, starting out with local conferences and
then gradually stretching out to international conferences such as The Hague International MUN in
Singapore. In college, I have also attended various conferences such as SCSY at Yale, HNMUN in
Boston, and McMUN in Montreal, Canada. Most recently I had the honor of representing GW at
World MUN 2013 held in Melbourne, Australia last March. As for my chair experiences, I have
chaired a number of times in high school, and vice-chaired and staffed past GWCIA (our middle
school conference) and WAMUNC conferences.
I am extremely excited to be crisis directing our Lord of the Rings JCC. As an avid Tolkien
fan of both the books and the films, I hold Lord of the Rings very close to the heart. With its vast
pool of characters, geo-political struggles, and fantasy elements, I believe that Lord of the Rings will
be a great background to hold crisis simulations in. Please keep in mind as you prepare for this
committee that while this joint crisis simulation will be taking the background components from
Tolkien’s original work, the directed crisis may become different from the original plot.
Apart from Model UN and the world of J.R.R. Tolkien, I also love watching old and new
films, musical theatre, Sour Patch Watermelons, Haribo, and “Parks & Recreation.”
If you have any questions about this committee, please feel free to contact your chair or
myself.
Á na márië,
Rosa Kim
Crisis Director
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Welcome Delegates,
My name is Isabelle Mahnke and I will be your chair for WAMUNC XIV 2014! I am a
freshman in the Colombian College of Arts and Sciences at George Washington, majoring in
political science. I am a member of the International Affairs Society and George Washington's
Model UN team. This will be my sixth year of being involved in Model UN. Model UN heavily
influenced my high school experience, and attending WAMUNC as a delegate contributed to my
decision to apply to an ultimately attend, George Washington. I am from New York City, but I also
love living in D.C. In high school, I was the Undersecretary-General of my high school's Model UN
team, and chaired a couple of high school crisis committees. Personally, I love debating as a crisis
delegate, and hope that I can contribute to your enjoyment of this mode of debate.
I am very excited to chair this committee. I've loved The Lord of the Rings trilogy since
childhood, and have spent many hours reading the novels. (Also, there may have been some LoTRinspired Halloween costumes for a couple years...) As you have all chosen to debate in this
community, I imagine that you share my affection for Tolkien's world and I look forward to
spending a few days in Middle Earth with you. Some procedural notes: Debate will take the form of
a continuous moderated caucus until other motions are proposed and we will follow Model UN
parliamentary procedure. I hope to see everyone prepared, with an understanding of Middle Earth,
having considered the power dynamics of the competing factions. There will be several different
ways to approach the power struggle between The Council of Elrond and The Forces of Machinery.
The success of your committee and your person depends on your having a developed personal and
collaborative strategy, as well as being able to think on your feet and adapt to a rapidly changing
situation.
As The Forces of Machinery, we understand that the world belongs to us, and all that is left
is for us to take what is ours. For a long time, we have been amassing forces in preparation for this
day and it now draws nearer than ever. You will have to join forces to extend the power of Mordor
and stamp out all those that resist its dominance. However, this task is not a simple one. You will
have to weigh pursuit of your individual interests against achieving the final goal of domination, and
guard against treachery from all sides. But come, it is time for us to claim what is rightfully ours!
Hello, my name is Jacob Biesiada a current freshman at George Washington University. I
hail from Broadview Heights, a little south of Cleveland, Ohio. I am currently studying International
Affairs with a plan to double major in Computer Science. I see the advent of future technological
advances as driving globalization and will ultimately change International Relations for years to
come and thus have chosen this double major. I am a veteran MUN delegate having competed in
several conferences and won best delegate at more than a few. But I am excited to be finally
working on the staff as a vice chair for my very first time. When I’m not working on International
Affairs I usually enjoy juggling and performing magic. I am very excited to be working with you all
on this committee as Lord of the Rings is one of my favorite books. I’m sure that I have watched
the movies a dozen times over (extended edition of course). I also participate a lot in acting so I may
be bringing a bit of Role Playing into the Committee. I look forward to working with you all!
See you at WAMUNC!
Isabelle Mahnke (Chair) and Jacob Biesiada (Vice Chair)
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Description of the Committee
This committee will be acting as the Forces of Machinery, a roundtable council under
Sauron, the Lord of Earth, gathered to discuss and design plans for the ultimate goal of taking over
all free kingdoms of Middle Earth and place them under the control of Mordor and the Tower of
Barad-dur once and for all. Sauron the Dark Lord himself, and Gorbag, an orc captain of Minas
Morgul, will lead this committee through discussions and layout plans for Sauron’s ultimate
ascension to full power. This committee will be comprised of different captains of the forces of
Mordor, as well as guests from different parts of Middle Earth that seek to gain from Sauron’s rise
to power. The delegates have the abilities to prepare armies, hold diplomatic negotiations, pillage
and rage wars against the free kingdoms of Middle Earth, and continue to search for the One Ring
of Power. Without the One Ring, Sauron will not be able to fully regain his power. This committee
will have surprise twists and turns as the two committees within the JCC will interact and counter
each other’s movements.
While the committee will be heavily based off of J.R.R. Tolkien’s work including as well as
outside of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, such as from The Simarillion, The Hobbit, and other background
material provided by the numerous appendices attached to the Return of the King book. Delegates may
refer to these books and the information they hold for reference and general knowledge of Middle
Earth and its various races of people, rich history, and the different geo-political situations of each
territory. Although the committee is described as a Lord of the Rings Joint Crisis Committee, the
crises may not always follow the storyline of the trilogy and creative license will be taken and used by
the staff members.
Introduction to the Topic
Middle Earth has had a rich history of the interactions among various races, including the
elves, men, dwarves, and orc kind. Since the creation of Middle Earth, there was always a conflict
between good and evil, embodied in the constant struggle of the free people of Middle Earth versus
Melkor (also known as Morgoth). By the time the committee sessions take place, Melkor had already
been defeated by previous heroes of Middle Earth, but his successor, Sauron, still embodied the evils
of Middle Earth.
In Middle Earth, there were three original Rings of Power given to the wisest and fairest
elves. These rings were not created as weapons of war but to preserve the beautiful and aid the living
in order to preserve the elven realms of Middle Earth. Sauron then oversaw the creation of sixteen
rings, nine were given kings of Men and seven were given to Dwarf lords. Then in secret, Sauron
forged the One Ring intending to subdue all wearers of the Rings of Power. The Nine and Seven
were easily subdued under Sauron’s control. While the three Elven rings were not directly under
control of the One Ring, they were still hidden to prevent any further influence from Sauron. The
nine kings of Men who were given rings became the Nazgul. Sauron had poured so much of his
malicious soul into the One Ring that he became tied to the fate of the One Ring. With the One
Ring, Sauron can gain his full power and spread malice across Middle Earth.
In the year 3430 of the Second Age, the War of the Last Alliance of Men and Elves took
place as a combined effort among all free peoples of Middle Earth against Sauron and his rising
threat of conquest for the entirety of Middle Earth. While the cost was great, Sauron was defeated
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and his supporters withdrew behind the gates of Mordor. Sauron had the Ring of Power, into which
he had poured his malice and all his power. It was during the War of the Last Alliance when Sauron
lost the One Ring, and it had disappeared from history. Because of the missing ring, Sauron could
not take a corporeal form and rebound in full power, and thus remained in the shadows of Middle
Earth, biding for his time to rise up again.
It is now year 3009 of the Third Age. The free peoples of Middle Earth have enjoyed almost
a thousand years of relative peace, despite the disruptions every now and then in different areas of
Middle Earth. However, Sauron has been secretly rebuilding his forces behind the Black Gates of
Mordor, as well as sending emissaries to different parts of Middle Earth that show interest in sharing
Sauron’s future vision of Middle Earth under the rule of Mordor. Shadows have crept over lands
such as Mirkwood, and there are now stirrings in the East. Word has spread of diplomats crossing
paths in the southeast between Mordor and the men of Harad and the Corsairs of Umbar. There have
been no signs of where the One Ring can be found, and Sauron wishes to continue to grow his army, attack
his enemies from multiple points, and wage war once and for all to gain power over the entire
Middle Earth.
Objective of the Committee
The objective of the Forces of Machinery committee is to ensure Lord Sauron’s domination
of Middle Earth in its entirety. However, to achieve such domination of Middle Earth, there are
various layers and steps to take.
First, it is important that Mordor and its allies are fully rearmed, which includes the need for
fuel. As wood and water are the primary fuels of Middle Earth, it is important that the Forces of
Machinery can gain access to such resources to continue militarizing its armies.
Second, Lord Sauron has extended his hand to various parts of Middle Earth that may share
similar goals in dominating Middle Earth and destroying the world of Men and Elves. The world of
men is an easier target as they are easily corrupted and have been failing to restore their former glory
of the olden days. The world of Elves, however, is much more difficult to attack as they are not only
wise, powerful, and immortal, but they are also not as easily corrupted by ill will and malice as men
are. Lord Sauron’s enemy has always been the line of Gondor kings descended from Isildur. The line
is known to now be extinct, and it is only a matter of time before Lord Sauron launches a massacre
against the world of men.
Last, the various types of kingdoms, tribes, and groups of men that have similar goals in
dominating Middle Earth have been contacted by Lord Sauron to join his cause. However, he has
not yet worked out the intricacies of alliance negotiations and deals. Deals need to be made swiftly,
as the members of Council of Elrond may step in to take potential allies away. As some represented
people have more than a single leader, Mordor must ensure that the different leaders do not turn
their back on each other and can create a single, cohesive strategy to create alliances with Mordor.
All of these various objectives will help Lord Sauron attain his goal of becoming a single lord
of Middle Earth and rule over all. It is up to every delegate to seek fulfilling their own interests as
well as allying themselves with Lord Sauron.
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Crisis Dynamic
While this Joint Crisis Committee will be run with fantastical elements, it is necessary for the
delegates to remember the important geopolitics of each kingdom, tribe, and group. Some pertinent
topics are isolationist versus involvement in the geopolitics of Middle Earth, importance of alliances,
creation of collective security agreements, and various pre-war cautionary measures that can be
found in our modern history. It may help to understand historical factors of pre-World War I
Europe as well as the causes that brought the many European imperialist powers into World War I.
This Joint Crisis Committee will not be focused on warmongering and instead more on
geopolitical strategizing. While wars are not completely out of the question, it is highly suggested
that the delegates focus less so on direct warfare and wartime strategies, but more on diplomatic
solutions and negotiations to create optimal diplomatic upper hand against the other committee.
As described previously, this committee will not be necessarily following the timeline of Lord
of the Rings Trilogy. While reading the books will most definitely help with preparing for this
conference, the crisis dynamic of this JCC will not be based purely on the Trilogy. Therefore, the
delegates should come to the conference with a thorough knowledge of not just their character
biography, but also of the history of Middle Earth and its various races and kingdoms. By using
creativity, the delegates may be able to pave a different kind of future for Middle Earth by utilizing
the world of Tolkien to its full potential.
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Figure 1: Map of Middle Earth. This map has extensive detail in terms of lands to the south of Mordor.
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Important Terms
Geographical
Figure 2-1: Close-up of the northwestern parts of Middle Earth.
Angmar: This is the realm of the Nazgul leader, known as the Witchking of Angmar. It is a cold
realm, located in the north of the Misty Mountains. The last king of Gondor, Prince Earnur, came to
the aid of Arthedain, an enemy of Angmar. Although Prince Earnur came too to save Arthedain, his
forces defeated those of Angmar. Subsequently, the Witchking of Angmar fled to Mordor.
Arnor: The Northern Kingdom, was a kingdom of Dunedain in the land of Eriador in Middle-earth.
Means the “Land of the King.” Formerly under a single kingship in Gondor,
Carn Dum: The capital of Angmar, and the home base for the King of Angmar. It was destroyed
when Earnur and his allies defeated the Nazgul king. After its destruction it was inhabited by orcs
until they too, were destroyed.
Lothlorien (Lorien): A forest realm of the Elves located east of Moria between the Misty
Mountains and the river Anduin. It was settled during the First Age and is one of the few remaining
outposts of the Elves. The elf Galadriel’s magic enriched the land and made it a magic forest into
which evil could not enter without difficulty; the only way that Lothlorien could be conquered is
through the power of the One Ring.
Rivendell: Established by Elrond in the Second Age of Middle-earth, Rivendell is an eleven
outpost. It is well hidden in the foothills of the Misty Mountains and has avoided battles in the
various conflict of Middle-earth. Elrond lives here with his family; the Council of Elrond will be
held here.
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The Shire: Settled in 1601 of the Third Age, the Shire is a region of Middle-earth that is exclusively
inhabited by Hobbits and is largely removed from the events of the rest of Middle-earth. It is located
in the northwest of the continent in the region of Eriador in the Kingdom of Arnor. The Shire is
described as a beautiful, fruitful land that is not industrialized but has an extensive agriculture
industry. The Shire is dearly beloved by the Hobbits and, due to its relative unimportance, it has
been largely ignored in military conquests.
Figure 2-2: Close-up of northeastern parts of Middle Earth. Note the overlap with Figure 2-1 by the
Misty Mountains mountain range on the left, including Rivendell.
Dale: Dale is the city state of Men in the northeastern Rhovanion to the south of the Erebor.
Dol Goldur: Also known as the Hill of Dark Sorcery, was Sauron's stronghold and base of
operations when he worked his sorcery in the wood under the name of The Necromancer.
Lonely Mountain (Erebor): Erebor is the mountain northeast of Rhovanion and is the source of
the River Running (Celduin). It is inhabited by the Dwarves of Durin’s Folk during the end of the
Third Age and the beginning of the Fourth Age
Mirkwood: Mirkwood is a large forest in Middle-earth in the eastern region of Rhovian. It lies
between the Grey Mountains and Gondor. It is densely forested and has a large and a small river
running through it (the small river is enchanted). Originally inhabited by wood-elves, until the year
1050 when the darkness of Sauron fell upon the land. Bilbo Baggins passed through Mirkwood
during his quest to regain the Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug.
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Rhun: This region is also known as the East and the Easterlings. The Easterlings, or Men of
Darkness, are allies of Sauron and it is from this area that many attacks on Gondor are launched.
River Anduin: Also known as the Great River of Wilderland. It flowed from its source in the Grey
and Misty Mountains to the Mouths of Anduin in the Great Sea.
Figure 3-1: Close-up of southwestern parts of Middle Earth. Note the overlap with Lorien and Dol
Goldur from Figures 2-1 and Figure 2-2.
Gondor: The greatest western realm of Men in Middle-earth, Gondor served as the last stronghold
of the Men of the West. Gondor is an important location due to proximity to Mordor and its
relative wealth. It has strong armies and is the strongest and largest country opposed to Sauron and
his allies.
Dol Amroth: It is a princedom that formed part of the kingdom of Gondor. Prince of Dol
Amroth is the ruler of Dol Amroth.
Fangorn: Also known as “Entwood,” this forest is located beneath the southeastern flank
of the Misty Mountains. It is the home of the last of the Ents, a sentient, tree-like race. The
Ents are a very powerful, but slow people. They are potentially valuable allies for elves, men
and dwarves in the fight against Sauron.
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Isengard: Isengard (Angrenost) in Sindarin was one of the three Fortresses of Gondor and is in the
realm’s Palantiri. During the end of the Third Age, Isengard was under Saruman’s control.
Rohan: A kingdom of Men, located in the land once called Calenardhon, in between the great vale
of the Misty Mounts and the White Mountains to the south. Rohan’s people are the Rohirrim but
they call themselves the Eorlingas, sons of Eorl the Young, first King of Rohan. The land was
known as Rohan to the Men of Gondor. Rohan is the greatest ally to the Lords of Gondor from the
Third Age and onwards. The Rohirrim are well known for their strong cavalries and the cultural
importance of horses.
Edoras: Capital city of Rohan.
Helm's Deep: Helm’s Deep is the largest fortress of Rohan. It is the large valley in the
northwestern White Mountains, and the Rohirrim have won many battles by fortifying
themselves at Helm’s Deep.
Figure 3-2: Close-up of southeastern parts of Middle Earth. Note the overlap of western Gondor on
the left side of this map from Figure 3-1.
Gondor
Fields of Pelennor: The Pelennor Fields were the townlands and fields of Minas Tirith. The
fields are surrounded by a great wall to prevent invasion. The east gate and accompanying
watch-towers of Rammas Echor were known as the Causeway Forts and were the strongest
section of the entire wall. In total the wall consisted of three main gates; north, east and
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south. (In Figure 3-2, the Field of Pelennor is the area between Osgiliath and Minas Tirith.
The figure does not indicate the location of the Field.)
Osgiliath: Osgiliath is the ancient capital of Gondor, but it gradually fell into ruin and was
replaced by Minas Tirith. It was originally defended by two smaller fortress cities.
Mordor: A foreboding volcanic plane upon which Sauron built his fortress. Surrounded on three
sides by mountains, Mordor is very defensible. To the north, it is bordered by Ash Mountains (Ered
Lithui), and to the west and the south, it is bordered by the Mountains of Shadow (Ephel Duath).
To the south is the barren plains of Gorgoroth and Nurn. In front of the Black Gate, in the
northwest corner of Mordor, is Sauron’s main fortress of Barad-dûr. To the Southwest of Barad-dûr
is arid plateau of Gorgoroth and Mount Doom, the place where the Ring was forged. The terrain of
this area makes it difficult to reach, and aids in securing Mordor. To the East, Mordor is heavily
guarded by border forts and there is heavy traffic between Mordor and Sauron’s ally Rhun, making it
difficult to mount an attack or pass unnoticed. Sauron first settled in Mordor 1,000 years after the
end of the First Age. Sauron’s rule of Mordor was interrupted twice. After the Last Alliance of Elves
and Men fought and defeated Sauron, Mordor was guarded by Gondor for a thousand years to
prevent it from being reclaimed by evil. However, the Nazgul reclaimed Mordor and Sauron
returned soon after he was thought to be destroyed under the identity of the Necromancer (this
occurred around the time of the quest to retake the Lonely Mountain).
Minas Morgul: A city-fortress, originally built by Isildur of Gondor under the name Minas
Ithil. It was built to keep watch on Mordor to ensure that evil did not return after Sauron’s
defeat. However, the city was weakened by plague and Gondor was under attack from
Mordor’s allies in the years leading up to Sauron’s return to Mordor. Minas Ithil was
captured by the Nazgul as they prepared for Sauron’s return, and become known as Minas
Morgul, which means “The Tower of Sorcery.”
Minas Tirith: Minas Tirith is the well-fortified capital city of Gondor. The city is divided
into seven 100-foot levels, each higher than the other, and culminating in the Citadel. The
city is well fortified and easily defended, but, due to the dark influence of Sauron, it has
recently fallen into disrepair and its population has dwindled.
Mount Doom: Also known by the name Orodruin and Amon Amarth, it is the volcanic
where Sauron forged the One Ring. Sauron chose to build his fortresses and settle in
Mordor because he could use the fire from deep within the Earth for his sorcery and his
forging. Mount Doom is tied to Sauron’s power, probably because it was there that he
forged the ring. Sauron is able to control the mountain’s fires.
Tower of Barad-Dur: This is the Sauron’s base of operations from within Mordor. At 1400
meters high, it is the largest fortress in Middle Earth, and is built and maintained by Dark
Magic. It is located near Mount Doom, and Sauron put much of his personal power into its
creation. It was destroyed after Sauron’s defeat by the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, but
the foundations could not be thoroughly destroyed while the Ring still existed. Upon
Sauron’s return, it was rebuilt. At its top is the Window of the Eye, through which the Eye
of Sauron gazes out over Middle Earth.
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Umbar: Umbar was a realm to the far south of Gondor in Middle-earth where Men lived, and in
during the Great Years was known for the seafaring Corsairs (men of middle earth known for their
piracy along the coasts of Gondor) who reigned there in the havens that were built during the reign
of the Kings in Gondor. Umbar's fleet was largely destroyed but has since been regaining its lost
capabilities.
Miscellaneous
Harad (Harad, or Haradwaith): The name of the immense realm south of Gondor and Mordor.
Harad lies between the sea of Umbar to its west and Khand northeast and was divided into two
main provinces. Near Harad, which was the closest to both Mordor and Gondor, and Far Harad,
which was nearest to the land of Umbar. Harad's tribes were divided--at least in the minds of the
men of northwestern Middle-earth.
Nazgul (ringwraiths): Once nine great Kings of Men, they were all given Rings of Power. After
centuries the effect of the rings left the kings spectral, invisible to all but Sauron and whoever wore
the One Ring. It was from Minas Morgul that the Nine directed the rebuilding of Sauron's armies
and the preparation of Mordor for their master's return. Because the ruling Ring was not destroyed,
the Nazgûl re-emerged around 1300 of the Third Age. It was around this time that the Witch-king
of Angmar launched attacks against the nearby kingdom of Arnor. Though the Ringwraiths were
among the greatest of Sauron's servants, they also had certain weaknesses that could be used against
them. One of these was daylight itself. With the exception of the Witch-King of Angmar, none of
them (especially Khamûl) could operate as well under the Sun and generally feared it. Their greatest
weakness was apparently fire.
One Ring: Sauron forged the One Ring with the purpose of controlling the thoughts and deeds of
those who wore the lesser Rings, hoping to gain dominion over the remaining Noldor in Middleearth. However, its secondary function ended up being far more useful to Sauron in the long run; so
long as he wore it, it enhanced his power in the same manner that one of the Seven or Nine would
do so to its wielder. A person with sufficient willpower and native strength — such as a Maia, Elflord, or some lords of Númenórean heritage — could use this power to their advantage. This can be
seen by the fact that the power the ring gave was proportional to the power of the wearer; a simple
creature becomes merely invisible, whereas other, more powerful ones will become nearly invincible.
Palantir: also known as Seeing-stones, The Palantíri were meant to be used by the Dúnedain to
communicate throughout the Realms in Exile.
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Characters
Witchking of Angmar: The Witch-king of Angmar is the leader of the Nazgul, otherwise known as
Ringwraiths, and Sauron’s second-in-command in the Second and Third Ages. Once a king of men,
he was corrupted by one of the nine Rings of Power given by Sauron to various lords of men. He
and the other men became the undead, forever in service of Sauron. He and the Nazgul can bring
fear into the hearts of the free people (except the elves) with their screeches and the doom they
bring to every battlefield. His seat of power is in Angmar.
Khamul: Khamul is also one of the nine Nazgul, and is only second to the Witch-king himself. He
and the Witch-king of Angmar have had a consistent rivalry over the title of “second-in-command.”
Khamul was also once a king of men until he was corrupted by one of the nine Rings of Power and
became a part of the undead. His seat of power is in Rhun.
Gothmog: Gothmog is the orc lieutenant of the Witch-king from Minas Morgul, and is the leader of
the vast forces of Uruk-hai and orcs of Minas Morgul. He has an army reserve in Osgiliath, a city of
Gondor.
Lurtz: Lurtz is the Uruk-hai lieutenant from Isengard, and he serves Saruman. Saruman’s treachery is
yet unknown to the Council of Elrond. He is in charge of a group of Uruk-hai scouts to search for
the One Ring.
Mauhur: Mauhur is the Uruk-hai captain of Mordor. He serves Sauron and can lead armies into
battle.
Suladan: Suladan is a man of Harad, and is a renowned chieftain in the armies of the Harad. The
people of the Harad are nomadic tribes south of Middle Earth, and they have always attacked and
pillaged the southern parts of the Kingdom of Rohan.
Angamaite of Umbar: One of the three leaders of the Umbar. Umbar is a realm in the far south
from the Kingdom of Gondor, and they are well known for their pirate ships and their naval forces.
Angamaite, Castamir, and Sangayando are all rivals trying to grasp the ultimate power of the Umbar
for himself.
Castamir of Umbar: One of the three leaders of the Umbar. Umbar is a realm in the far south from
the Kingdom of Gondor, and they are well known for their pirate ships and their naval forces.
Angamaite, Castamir, and Sangayando are all rivals trying to grasp the ultimate power of the Umbar
for himself.
Sangahyando of Umbar: One of the three leaders of the Umbar. Umbar is a realm in the far south
from the Kingdom of Gondor, and they are well known for their pirate ships and their naval forces.
Angamaite, Castamir, and Sangayando are all rivals trying to grasp the ultimate power of the Umbar
for himself.
Argandur of Carn Dum: Leader of the dark men of Angmar who serve the Witch-king of Angmar.
The men of Carn Dum have extreme hatred against the Dunedain.
Mouth of Sauron: Mouth of Sauron is the ambassador and messenger of Sauron, as well as the
Lieutenant of the Tower of Barad-dur.
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Grishnakh: Orc captain of Barad-dur. He is also in charge of finding the One Ring and its carrier
back to Mordor for Sauron.
Dalamyr: Leader of the Dunlendings, also known as the Wildmen of Dunland. They were tribal
groups who seek vengeance on the people of Rohan for driving them out of their homes and into
the mountains. They have become interested in Sauron’s cause as it will see the downfall of the
Rohan.
Nafarat: Leader of the Men of Rhun. As the ruler of Rhun is Khamul, the men of Rhun have
become united to support Sauron’s cause in enslaving Middle Earth.
Tom, Troll-Leader: While there aren’t many trolls left in Middle Earth (40), Tom has emerged as the
leader of the trolls that have decided to come out of hiding and join Mordor’s forces. While the
trolls are not the brightest in the heads, they are enormously strong. However, they cannot see
sunlight.
Orcobal of the Misty Mountains: Orc-leader of the orcs under the Misty Mountains. After having
successfully defeated the dwarves of Moria, the orcs have been living in relative peace by pillaging
nearby lands by night and retreating into the mountains by day. Sauron has commanded them to
join the cause and begin attacking the free peoples of Middle Earth from the strategic point of the
Misty Mountains.
Ugluk of the Misty Mountains: Orc-leader of the orcs under the Misty Mountains. After having
successfully defeated the dwarves of Moria, the orcs have been living in relative peace by pillaging
nearby lands by night and retreating into the mountains by day. Sauron has commanded them to
join the cause and begin attacking the free peoples of Middle Earth from the strategic point of the
Misty Mountains.
Sharku: Commander of the wargs. Wargs are wolf-like dark creatures that orcs often ride to war.
Wargs are not tamed animals such as horses, but actually have their own minds and seek prey among
dead men.
Freca: Leader of the Wainriders. Wainriders are a confederation of Easterlings and Haradrim tribes
who were united by their hate of Gondor, and have continuously been at war against Gondor for
ages to gain lands. They are well known for their usage of chariots in war, which is an advanced
technology, but they have significantly lost their population due to their warring culture.
Ifnakh: Orc captain in charge of orc scouts across Middle Earth. Ifnakh primarily brings and sends
information between Mordor and other parts of Middle Earth, including Dol Goldur and Angmar.
15
Questions to Consider
1. Each group of armies that Sauron has reached out to seem to have multiple leaders.
Although these leaders are tentatively in charge, they are also constantly fighting amongst
each other to become the sole power-figure. How can the committee seek to balance
everyone’s selfish needs with the ultimate goal of fighting for Sauron to rule over Middle
Earth in the end?
2. There is still some level of secrecy that needs to be maintained by the Forces of Machinery.
The Council of Elrond also has its own secrets. How can intelligence be used to seek the
enemy’s weaknesses?
Useful Links (especially if you don’t want to spend time poring over all of the books)
1. LOTRProject: Interactive timelines and maps of Middle Earth.
http://lotrproject.com/map/#zoom=2&lat=-1455&lon=1573.5&layers=BT
2. LOTR Wiki: All-around useful wiki page with extensive background. http://lotr.wikia.com
3. LOTR Wiki – Maps: Useful close-up maps of Middle Earth including .gif files.
http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Images_of_maps