Bio-based Polymers in the World - Bio

Transcription

Market study on
Bio-based Polymers in the World
Capacities,Production and Applications:
Status Quo and Trends towards 2020
PP
PE
PVC
PET
MEG
Propylene
PMMA
PBT
Ethylene
Vinyl Chloride
SBR
PET-like
Methyl Metacrylate
Ethanol
PU
PC
PHA
PTT
p-Xylene
Sorbitol
Isobutanol
Isosorbide
THF
Glucose
Lactic acid
Adipic
Acid
HMDA
Lysine
PU
Succinate
Starch
PEF
Saccharose
Superabsorbent Polymers
3-HP
Lignocellulose
Acrylic acid
Natural Rubber
Caprolactone
PBS
1,4 Butanediol
1,3 Propanediol
PLA
PA
PU
Teraphtalic acid
Plant oils
Fructose
Fatty acids
Glycerol
HMF
FDCA
Epichlorohydrin
Polyols
Diacids
Other Furan-based polymers
Natural Rubber
Starch-based Polymers
Lignin-based Polymers
Cellulose-based Polymers
Epoxy resins
PA
PU
PU
Edited by: Adriana Sanz Mirabal, Lena Scholz, Michael Carus
Market study on
Bio-based Polymers in the World
Capacities,Production and Applications:
Status Quo and Trends towards 2020
nova-Institut GmbH
Edited by: Adriana Sanz Mirabal, Lena Scholz, Michael Carus
February 2013
Market study on „Bio-based Polymers in the World“
© nova-Institut 2013
The expert team of the Market Study (authors) has made every attempt to ensure the accuracy and reliability
of the information provided on this study. The included market and trend analyses and forecasts are
performed to the best of the authors‘ knowledge and beliefs on the basis of the current state of knowledge
and the latest research and inquiries. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the
information contained in this study, to be free of errors or will prove to be accurate. The information,
conclusions and findings provided in this study are not intended as legal or financial advice. The authors
cannot accept liability for actions taken based on the content of this Market Study.
© 2013 nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Publisher:
Michael Carus (v.i.S.d.P), nova-Institute GmbH, Chemiepark Knapsack, Industriestr. 300, 50354 Huerth
Germany, Phone: +49 (0) 2233 48 14 40, Fax: +49 (0) 2233 48 14 50, [email protected],
www.nova-institut.eu
Layout:
ftdesign - kreativ Büro www.ftd-kreativbuero.de
All rights reserved (including those of the translation into other languages).
No part of this publication shall be reproduced, transmitted, displayed, published, broadcast or resold in
whole or in part in any form, without the prior written consent of the authors.
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this study, even when not specifically marked as such, are not
to be considered unprotected by law. The rights remain with the holders of the respective trademarks. The
nomination of product- or service-designations serves exclusively the purposes of identification.
Authors (in alphabetical order)
Wolfgang Baltus, National Innovation Agency (NIA), Thailand
Janpeter Beckmann, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Dirk Carrez, Clever Consult, Belgium
Michael Carus, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Lara Dammer, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Roland Essel, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Harald Kaeb, narocon, Germany
Jan Ravenstijn, Jan Ravenstijn Consulting, Netherlands
Adriana Sanz Mirabal, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Lena Scholz, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Fabrizio Sibilla, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Stephan Zepnik, Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Germany
4
Table of Content
Table of Content
1
Executive Summary
2
Introduction
6
12
Market Data
3
Market Data
17
4
Qualitative analyses of selected bio-based Polymers
55
Trend reports
5
Policies impacting bioplastics market development
6
Bio-based polymers, a revolutionary change
100
7
Asian markets for bio-based resins
137
8
Environmental evaluation of bio-based polymers and plastics
168
9
Green Premium within the value chain from chemicals to bioplastics
186
10
Brands: Sustainability Strategies and Bioplastics
Information from the fast moving consumer goods industries (focus packaging)
65
206
Company
11
Company Profiles
221
12
Company product index
349
13
List of Acronyms
358
5
Market Data
3 Market Data
Table of Content
3.1. Polyamide (PA)
20
3.2. Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalat (PBAT)
24
3.3. Polybutylene succinate (PBS)
28
3.4. Polyethylene (PE)
31
3.5. Polyethylene Terephthalat (PET)
34
3.6. Polyhydroxy Alkanoate (PHA)
37
3.7. Polylactic acid (PLA)
42
3.8. Polypropylene (PP)
46
3.9. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
48
3.10. Starch Blends
50
17
Market Data
3.10 List of Tables
Table 1:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polyamides 2011-2020
20
Table 2:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polybutylene Adipate Terephtalat 2011-2020
24
Table 3:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polybutylene succinate 2011-2020
28
Table 4:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polyethylene 2011-2020
31
Table 5:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polyethylene Terephthalat 2011-2020
34
Table 6:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polyhydroxy Alkanoate 2011-2020
37
Table 7:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polylactic acid 2011-2020
42
Table 8:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polypropylene 2011-2020
46
Table 9:
Companies with (announced) capacities of Polyvinyl Chloride 2011-2020
48
Table 10: Companies with (announced) capacities of Starch Blends 2011-2020
50
3.11 List of Figures
Figure 1:
Evolution of production capacities for Polyamides 2011-2020
20
Figure 2:
Actual volume of produced polyamides and name plate capacities for 2011 in the different regions
21
Figure 3:
Polyamides (PA): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (North) in kt/a
21
Figure 4:
Polyamides (PA): Capacities, 2011-2020, Asia in kt/a
22
Figure 5:
Polyamides (PA): Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
22
Figure 6:
World‘s total capacity of Polyamides 2011 and 2020
23
Figure 7:
Application sectors for Polyamides 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
23
Figure 8:
Figure: Evolution of production capacities for Polybutylene Adipate Terephtalat 20112020
24
Figure 9:
Figure: Actual volume of produced Polybutylene Adipate Terephtalat and name plate
capacities for 2011 in the different regions
25
Figure 10: Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalat (PBAT): Capacities, 2011-2020, Asia in kt/a
25
Figure 11: Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalat (PBAT): Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
26
Figure 12: World‘s total capacity of Polybutylene Adipate Terephtalat 2011 and 2020
26
Figure 13: Application sectors for Polybutylene Adipate Terephtalat 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
27
Figure 14: Evolution of production capacities for Polybutylene succinate 2011-2020
28
Figure 15: Actual volume of produced Polybutylene succinate and name plate capacities for 2011
in the different regions
29
Figure 16: Polybutylene succinate (PBS): Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
29
55
Figure 17: World‘s total capacity of Polybutylene succinate 2011 and 2020
30
Figure 18: Application sectors for Polybutylene succinate 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
30
Figure 19: Evolution of production capacities for Polyethylene 2011-2020
31
Figure 20: Actual volume of produced Polyethylene and name plate capacities for 2011 in the different region
32
Figure 21: Polyethylene (PE): Capacities, 2011-2020, America South in kt/a
32
Figure 22: World‘s total capacity of Polyethylene 2011 and 2020
33
Figure 23: Application sectors for Polyethylene 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
33
Figure 24: Evolution of production capacities for Polyethylene Terephthalat equivalents, Monoethylene glycol and para-Xylene 2011-2020
34
Figure 25: Actual volume of produced Polyethylene Terephthalat and name plate capacities for
2011 in the different regions
35
Figure 26: Polyethylene Terephthalat (PET): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (North) in kt/a
35
Figure 27: Polyethylene Terephthalat (PET): Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
36
Figure 28: World‘s total capacity of Polyethylene Terephthalat 2011 and 2020
36
Figure 29: Evolution of production capacities for Polyhydroxy Alkanoate 2011-2020
37
Figure 31: Actual volume of produced Polyhydroxy Alkanoate and name plate capacities for 2011
in the different regions
38
Figure 30: Polyhydroxy Alkanoate (PHA): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (North) in kt/a
38
Figure 32: Polyhydroxy Alkanoate (PHA): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (South) in kt/a
39
Figure 33: Polyhydroxy Alkanoate (PHA): Capacities, 2011-2020, Asia in kt/a
39
Figure 34: Polyhydroxy Alkanoate (PHA): Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
40
Figure 35: World‘s total capacity of Polyhydroxy Alkanoate 2011 and 2020
40
Figure 36: Application sectors for Polyhydroxy Alkanoate 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
41
Figure 37: Evolution of production capacities for Polylactic acid 2011-2020
42
Figure 38: Actual volume of produced Polylactic acid and name plate capacities for 2011 in the
different regions
43
Figure 39: Polylactic acid (PLA): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (North) in kt/a
43
Figure 40: Polylactic acid (PLA): Capacities, 2011-2020, Asia in kt/a
44
Figure 41: Polylactic acid (PLA): Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
44
Figure 42: World‘s total capacity of Polylactic acid 2011 and 2020
45
Figure 43: Application sectors for Polylactic acid 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
45
Figure 44: Evolution of production capacities for Polypropylene 2011-2020
46
Figure 45: Polypropylene (PP): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (South) in kt/a
47
Figure 46: World‘s total capacity of Polypropylene 2011 and 2020
47
56
Market Data
Market Data
Figure 47: Evolution of production capacities for Polyvinyl Chloride 2011-2020
48
Figure 48: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Capacities, 2011-2020, America (South) in kt/a
49
Figure 49: World‘s total capacity of Polyvinyl Chloride 2011 and 2020
49
Figure 50: Evolution of production capacities for Starch Blends 2011-2020
50
Figure 51: Actual volume of produced Starch Blends and name plate capacities for 2011 in the different regions
51
Figure 52: Starch Blends: Capacities, 2011-2020, America (North) in kt/a
51
Figure 53: Starch Blends: Capacities, 2011-2020, America (South) in kt/a
52
Figure 54: Starch Blends: Capacities, 2011-2020, Asia in kt/a
52
Figure 55: Starch Blends: Capacities, 2011-2020, Europe in kt/a
53
Figure 56: Starch Blends: Capacities, 2011-2020, Oceania in kt/a
53
Figure 57: World‘s total capacity of Starch Blends 2011 and 2020
54
Figure 58: Application sectors for Starch Blends 2011; C: construction polymer, F: functional polymer
54
57
5
Dirk Carrez,
Clever Consult, Belgium
Lara Dammer, Michael Carus,
nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
5.1.
5.2.
Introduction
Stimulatin market demand
5.2.1. Dedicated policies promoting bio-based products and bioplastics
5.2.2. Mandates
5.2.3. Public procurement policies
5.3.
Overcoming investment barriers: Taxes and Subsidies
5.3.1. US
5.3.2. Brazil
5.3.3. China
5.3.4. Thailand
5.3.5. Malaysia
5.4. Productspecificpolicies
5.5.
Research and Innovation policies focussing on bio-based products
5.5.1. Europe
5.5.2. US
5.5.3. Japan
5.5.4. China
5.5.5. Brazil
5.5.6. South Korea
5.6.
Non-dedicated policies impacting bioplastics
5.6.1. Europe
5.6.2. Brazil
5.7.
Other
5.7.1. Feedstock-related policies
5.7.2. Bioenergy related policies
5.8.
General Bioeconomy Strategies and Policies
5.8.1. Some examples
5.9.
List of tables
5.10. Listoffigures
5.11. References
68
66
66
67
71
71
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
76
76
77
78
78
79
79
80
80
81
81
81
83
88
88
93
93
94
6
Jan Ravenstijn,
Jan Ravenstijn Consulting, Netherlands
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
Introduction
Market trends
Technology trends
Environmental trends
Selected biopolymer families
6.5.1. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
6.5.2. Polybutylenesuccinates (PBS)
6.5.3. Natural Oil Polyols and CO2-based polyols for polyurethanes (PUR)
6.5.4. Polyamides (PA):
Customer views
New business concepts
6.7.1. PharmafilterBV(TheNetherlands).
6.7.2. AvantiumTechnologiesB.V.(TheNetherlands).
New value chain
Listoffigures
Jan Ravenstijn
101
102
103
105
109
109
113
120
126
131
133
133
134
134
136
103
7
Wolfgang Baltus,
National Innovation Agency (NIA), Thailand
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
Introduction
138
138
Asia-Pacific region in numbers
142
Feedstock – Key to success in Asia-Pacific
144
7.4.1. Sugarcane
147
7.4.2. Cassava
148
7.4.3. Threats
150
7.4.4. Other feedstock and cost considerations
150
7.5.
Policy Development
151
7.5.1. Stimulation of investment
151
7.5.2. End-of-life policy
152
7.6.
Market growth factors
153
7.6.1. Environmental factors
153
7.6.2. Financial factors
153
7.6.3. Technical factors
154
7.7.
Selected biopolymer families – limitations, challenges and chances in Asia Pacific
154
7.7.1. Polylactic acid (PLA)
154
7.7.2. Polybutylenesuccinate (PBS)
160
7.7.3. Bio-PE/Bio-PET
161
7.7.4. PHA
163
7.7.5. Polyamide
163
7.8.
Case Study: The National Bioplastics Roadmap in Thailand – Situation and outlook after 4
years in operation
164
7.9.
List of tables
166
7.10. List of figures
166
140
7.9
List of tables
Table 1:
Global and Asian production capacities of selected bio-based polymers
2011 and 2020
142
Table 2:
GDP data, population and stage of development for selected countries in
Asia-Pacific
145
Table 3:
Available Feedstock in Asian regions
148
Table 4:
Available Biomass equivalents in Asia
149
Table 5:
Main regions of cassava production, total yield and yield per hectare
153
7.10
List of figures
Figure 1:
Value chain from PLA/PBS plants (in millions of euros)
141
Figure 2:
Municipal waste generation in selected AP countries in 2025. Size of bubble =
population size
146
Figure 3:
Plastic consumption per capita in selected AP countries versus gross net income per
capita in 2010. Size of bubble = population size
146
Figure 4:
Polymer value chain in Thailand, 2011 (PTIT 2012)
147
Figure 5:
Benchmarking of different feedstocks for PLA in Thailand
148
Figure 6:
Available Biomass Simulation (based on APEC, 2008)
149
Figure 7:
Value Chain of PLA compared for different biomass input
150
Figure 8:
Sugarcane production and yields for selected countries
151
Figure 9:
Sugarcane price development 1980 – 2012 in Thailand
151
Figure 10: Prices of Thai domestic cassava compared to crude oil
152
Figure 11: Estimation of PLA demand in Asia 2012 (t/yr) - 2011. Total amount ~ 39,000 t/yr,
import ratio for PLA: 71 %
159
Figure 12: NatureWorks LLC dominates the PLA market.
159
Figure 13: The collapse of the local PLA resin production in China 2007-2012. Source: CCM,
China
160
Figure 14: Bioplastics market in Japan, 2007 and 2011 (Adapted from JSBI, 2012)
163
Figure 15: Ethylene prices and bio-PE price projections
165
Figure 16: Present PET value chain
166
170
8
Roland Essel and Michael Carus
nova-institut GmbH, Hürth, Germany
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.
8.7.
8.8.
8.9.
Introduction
Results from recent life cycle assessments
8.2.1. CO2 emissions and fossil resource depletion
8.2.2. Other environmental impact categories
Feedstock supply and use of by-products
Geneticallymodifiedorganisms
Biodiversity
Land use
8.6.1. Land use change
8.6.2. Landuseefficiency
Conclusion
List of tables
Listoffigures
Roland Essel and Michael Carus
169
169
169
173
174
175
176
177
178
180
183
185
185
171
8.8
Table 1:
8.9
List of tables
Comparison of non-renewable energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of
petrochemical and bio-based polymers
175
List of figures
Figure 1:
Environmental impacts of different polymers in two impact categories: climate change
and fossil resource depletion
173
Figure 2:
Savings of fossil resources due to the production of bio-based polymers.
Figure 3:
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through production of bio-based polymers. 175
Figure 4:
Relative changes in the eco-profile of Ingeo PLA.
Figure 5:
Average product-specific environmental impacts of bio-based materials in comparison
to conventional materials
177
Figure 6:
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil resource depletion in the
production of PHA from different feedstocks (Kim & Dale 2005, Harding et al. 2007)
178
Figure 7:
Implications of biodiversity loss
180
Figure 8:
Worldwide use of agricultural biomass harvested in 2008
181
Figure 9:
Illustration of direct and indirect land-use changes
182
174
176
Figure 10: Land use per tonne of bio-based PLA, bio-based PE and bioethanol from five crops
valid for both current agricultural practice and if all residues/co-products are used. 183
Figure 11: Avoided NREU per hectare of land for the various bio-based products relative to their
fossil based counterparts
184
Figure 12: Annual sugar/starch yield for selected feedstocks.
185
Figure 13: Land use efficiency of photovoltaic panels compared to biofuels
186
188
Green Premium within the value chain from chemicals to bioplastics
9
Green Premium within the value chain from chemicals to
bioplastics
Janpeter Beckmann and Michael Carus
nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
9.1.
9.2.
Introduction
GreenPremium-Useanddefinition
9.2.1. Introductory market observations
9.2.2. TypesofperformanceanddefinitionofGreenPremium
9.2.3. Green Premium market overview
9.3. Understanding the reasons for Green Premium prices
9.3.1. Explanations and individual expert opinions
9.3.2. Drivers
9.4. Summary and conclusions
9.5. List of tables
9.6. Listoffigures
9.7. References
187
187
187
190
193
199
199
201
202
203
203
204
Janpeter Beckmann
189
Brands: Sustainability Strategies and Bioplastics Information from the fast moving consumer goods industries (focus packaging)
10
Brands: Sustainability Strategies and Bioplastics Information from the fast moving consumer goods
industries (focus packaging)
Harald Kaeb,
narocon InnovationConsulting, Germany
10.1.
10.2.
10.3.
Introduction – Why read this
Summary – what strikes the eye
List of Drivers – Brand Motivation (not weighed or prioritized)
10.3.1. Sustainability targets in general & strategic
10.3.2.Specificdriversforincreaseduseofbioplastics(additional)
10.4. Company-specificaspects
10.4.1. Coca-Cola
10.4.2. Danone
10.4.3. Friesland-Campina
10.4.4. Henkel
10.4.5. Nestlé
10.4.6. Proctor & Gamble
10.4.7. Unilever
206
208
209
209
209
209
210
211
214
214
216
218
219
Harald Kaeb
209
11 Company Profiles
Table of Content
8.1
Acetati S.p.A.
228
8.2
Amyris
229
8.3
Anhui COFCO Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.
230
8.4
Anellotech Inc.
231
8.5
Anqing Hexing Chemical Co., Ltd.
232
8.6
Arizona Chemical
233
8.7
Arkema SA
234
8.8
Avantium Chemicals BV
236
8.9
BASF SE
237
8.10 Bayer MaterialScience
239
8.11 Bio-On Srl
240
8.12 BioAmber
241
8.13 BioBased Technologies LLC
243
8.14 BioMatera Inc.
244
8.15 Biomer
245
8.16 Biop Biopolymer Technologies AG
246
8.17 Bioplastech
247
8.18 BIOTEC Biologische Naturverpackungen GmbH & Co. KG
248
8.19 Braskem
249
8.20 Cardia Bioplastics Limited
250
8.21 Cargill Inc.
251
8.22 Cathay Industrial Biotech
252
8.23 Casda Biomaterials Co., LTD
253
8.24 Celanese Acetate LLC
254
8.25 Cereplast Inc.
255
8.26 Cerestech Inc.
256
8.27 Chemplast Sanmar Limited
257
8.28 Chengdu Dikang Biomedical Co., Ltd.
258
8.29 China New Materials Holding
259
224
1,3-Propanediol
DuPont
METabolic EXplorer (METEX)
1,4-Butanediol
BioAmber
China New Materials Holding
Genomatica
Global Bio-Chem
Novamont SpA
Adipic acid
DSM N.V.
Rennovia
Verdezyne
Bio-paraxylene (bioPX)
Anellotech Inc.
Gevo
Global Bioenergies
Honeywell UOP
M&G Group (Gruppo Mossi & Ghisolfi)
Virent
Butanol
Cathay Industrial Biotech
Cellulose acetate
Acetati S.p.A.
Celanese Acetate LLC
Clarifoil
Daicel Chemicals Industries Ltd.
Eastman Chemical Company
Rhodia Acetow
WinGram Industry Co. Ltd. (Great River Qin Xin Plastic Manufacturer Co. Ltd.)
349
List of Acronyms
AA
Adipic Acid
ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene polymer
ADM
Archer Daniels Midland
ACHEMA
Ausstellungstagung für chemisches Apparatewesen
AG
Aktien Gesellschaft
ARD
Agro-industrie Recherches et Developpement
ASTM
American Society for Testing & Materials
B2B
Business to business
BASF
Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik
BCAP
Biomass Crop Assistance Programme
BCG
Biotechnology Commercialization Grant
BDO
Butanediol
BMC
Bulk moulding compound
BMBF
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
BMELV
Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke
BNDES
Brazilian Development Bank
CA
Cellulose Acetate
CAP
Common Agricultural Policy
CCC
Commodity Credit Corporation
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
CLIB2021
Cluster Industrielle Biotechnologie e.V.
CO2
Carbon dioxide
DAB
Diaminobutane
DG
Directorate-General
DMC
Double Metal Cyanides (catalyst)
DNP
Diversified Natural Products
DOE
United States Department of Energy
Drop-in
A bio-based polymer with a chemical structure identical to that of its petro-based
DS
Degree of substitution
DSM
Dutch State Mines
358
counterpart
List of Acronyms

Bio-based Polymers in the World - Bio

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