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At Close Range Kostas Murkudis and the MMK Collection 17.7. 2015 — 14.2.2016 ition Exhibe d i Gu “Art has accompanied me all my life; it’s part of my life, part of my curiosity.” Kostas Murkudis Kostas Murkudis (b. 1959 in Dresden) is a crosser of borders. On a constant search for new challenges and ideas, he roams between fashion and the visual arts. His presentation forms undermine the conventions of the fashion world and his designs address performative, sculptural and conceptual issues; together, they change our accustomed conception of fashion. Kostas Murkudis is among the most influential designers in Germany. His œuvre occupies a realm between free artistic endeavour and commercial work for the fashion industry. In the position of creative director he has developed fashion lines and looks for companies such as New York Industrie, Pringle of Scotland, Closed, or, most recently, Ter et Bantine. In 1994 he founded his own label—KOSTAS MURKUDIS—and over the years he has frequently cooperated with artists in the creation of his designs. With his “laboratory collections”, Murkudis has been experimenting with fashion independently of the industry’s marketing and production conditions since 2009. In 2013, Murkudis donated three complete fashion lines of the past years to the MMK. Parts of these collections are here being presented in combination with earlier and more recent ones as well as individual Murkudis creations in an exhibition designed by the artist Carsten Nicolai and the architect Aaron Werbick. For the presentation at the MMK 2, Murkudis has moreover selected numerous works from the museum’s holdings which he is staging in dialogue with his own designs and works. The exchange with art, an aspect Murkudis describes as central to his life and work, is here made comprehensively visible for the first time. Exhibition Map 8 9 11 10 7 13 12 14 6 1 Entrance MMK 2 Media Room 3 2 5 4 1 1 Panel Dresses “At the beginning is always the material. The first information that I get when I touch the fabric.” Kostas Murkudis experiment in his studio, which he conceives of as a laboratory and “alchemic kitchen”, with a wide range of materials and processing techniques to arrive at his formal inventions and surface textures. Within this context, he frequently hybridizes traditional and unusual fabrics and industrial technologies. The series of Panel Dresses, realized by Murkudis in the autumn of 2014 as an independent project, is an example of this approach. For the dresses, each of which consists of several modules, he combines various silks with lurex fabrics and neoprene. In many cases, the surfaces of the materials have undergone special treatment: have been covered with graphic laser patterns, roughened, or coated with a wet-looking, rubber-like layer of silicon. Finally, the dresses’ horizontally segmented modules have been assembled in individual sections and the seams trimmed in part with fringes. Sculptural strategies for the creation of castings and the treatment of surfaces served Murkudis here as sources of inspiration. For the exhibition, the Panel Dresses were filmically staged by the Haw-Lin Services studio. The film brings the elements of movement and floating forms—central aspects of Murkudis’s œuvre. “I need that moment of exchange, that sense that there’s a human being there, who is perhaps sub-consciously expressing whether he or she feels good or not. During the fittings, the models walk around and move. I try to imagine what it feels like to wear what they’re wearing.” 2 Steven Parrino (1958 in New York, US – 2005 in New York, US) The work Bunny Glamazon vehemently resists the traditional twodimensionality of painting. Steven Parrino began by coating the canvas with a monochrome layer of shiny silver lacquer; then he gathered up the fabric in such a way as to form complex folds. It no longer serves as a flat support for a depiction but appears in its textile structure as a three-dimensional object. Parrino’s œuvre betrays the influence of his fascination with the anarchic sentiments of the biker culture and punk rock. Through their narrative titles as well as their art-historical references and conceptual reflections on painting, his works consistently contain allusions to sub-cultural phenomena. The painting’s silver surface, for example, triggers associations with Andy Warhol’s Silver Clouds as well as with the reflective chrome surfaces of motorcycle rims. The title Bunny Glamazon, for its part, is the stage name of a vinyl-and-leather-clad domina from the wrestling scene. 2 The 1998 spring/summer collection In 1996—i.e. after founding his own label, KOSTAS MURKUDIS— the designer began presenting his fashion lines regularly in Paris, Milan and New York. His third fashion show in Paris, for the spring/summer 1998 season, is shown here from various perspectives. On the first screen, the models are seen head-on on the cat-walk. In the divided image of the second screen, this classical perspective is juxtaposed with a take of the audience—the focus here is not only on the objects but also the subjects of the act of looking. The third screen offers a glimpse behind the scenes at the backstage area and captures the tension-charged moment before the models step into the spotlight. One of the points of departure for this collection was Luis Buñuel’s film Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie (1972) which fascinates Murkudis with its portrayal of the influence of politics on society and culture. The designer’s œuvre is strongly shaped by film, whether Nouvelle Vague or Asian independent cinema. 3 Cinematic plots, atmospheres, set design and/or sound tracks provide inspirations for his collections again and again. Jack Goldstein (b. 1945 in Montreal, CA – 2003 in S. Bernardino, US) Jack Goldstein is known as an exponent of the American “Pictures Generation” that, in the 1970s and ’80s, explored the world of the mass media, its social and psychological functions, and its influence on individual perception. Apart from films in which he employed motifs, means and techniques of the commercial film industry, Goldstein’s œuvre also encompasses paintings, performances, and text and sound works. The nine records in the Suite of Nine 7-Inch Records, each with its own white cover, function simultaneously as objects and as sound carriers. Their design, the colour of the vinyl, and the brief descriptive titles on the labels correspond to the sounds they reproduce, which were taken from commercial archives. Without offering any explanatory narrative, the interplay of colour, materiality, text and sound triggers a synesthetic experience that produces a tension-charged pictorial world of both individual and collective character and unsettling effect. 3 Textures and surfaces Within the framework of reviewing and reappraising Kostas Murkudis’s archive, more than three hundred detail photographs of his garments were taken for the purpose of documenting various material structures. These photos form a whole new world of imagery, which—presented here for the first time with the aid of multiple slide projection—allows the viewer to immerse himself in the designer’s material cosmos. Owing to the photographs’ unusual details and perspectives, it is no longer possible to recognize the garments’ original sizes, functions or significance. On the contrary, the various materials become readable here as artistic means employed to create abstract compositions of fascinating dynamic and wealth of contrast. 4 The forms never appear detached from the material; instead, they emerge from the exploration of the materials’ tensions, constraints and intrinsic shapes. In these images, the fabrics flow, billow and fan out in their various structures and surfaces, overlapping, merging or contrasting with one another. Rather than mere illustrations of static, inanimate matter, the photos can be described as poetic momentary impressions of movement. Nobuyoshi Araki (b. 1940 in Tokyo, JP) The œuvre of the Japanese artist Nobuyoshi Araki is an homage to his native city, Tokyo. As a self-appointed chronicler, Araki has been accompanying the city’s development between tradition and modernity for decades. Betraying the influence of the film medium, his photos unite staged elements with ephemeral ones, and the documentary with the fictitious. The Tokyo Comedy series of 1997 is made up of urban scenes (some of which were staged) and flower still lifes, and above all the artist’s famous nude photographs showing women tied in the elaborate traditional Japanese style of bondage, Kinbaku. 4 Imaginary Screen In 1998 Kostas Murkudis was invited to the second Florence Fashion Biennale, whose theme that year was fashion/cinema. Curated by Terry Jones, the founder of i-D fashion magazine, the show was devoted to the multifaceted relationships and reciprocal influences of fashion and film—an aspect that happens to be of key significance for Murkudis’s œuvre. His contribution was a work entitled Imaginary Screen. Small loudspeakers in the form of the Parthenon’s ground plan were sewn into the phosphorescent material forming an oversized screen. The speakers produced a delicate layer of sound that served to create an atmospheric effect reminiscent of the sounds of nature. With its specific texture and play of light and sound, the Imaginary Screen functioned like an open projection surface that provided the listener/viewer associative and sensorial access to its materiality. 5 For the show at the MMK 2, Kostas Murkudis decided to revisit the work and develop it further using an industrial fabric. Yves Klein (1928 in Nice, FR – 1962 in Paris, FR) Yves Klein’s deep fascination with spirituality and the expanse and boundlessness of the universe left a strong mark on his artistic work. With his monochrome paintings, the artist—who was also called “Yves le Monochrome”—opposed the representational function of painting, focusing instead on pure colour as a form of expression. In addition to rose and gold, he employed primarily the ultramarine blue seen in the painting Monochrome Bleu, IKB 88 of 1959. In an endeavour to retain the intense luminosity of the pure pigment even after it was fixed to the support, Klein developed the so-called International Klein Blue (IKB). He compared the viewer to a sponge capable of absorbing the impalpable and intangible sensitivity of colour. 5 Mood boards The mood board is a classical working aid in fashion design and provides insights into the starting point and various stages of a complex creative process. It can contain memos, drawings, material samples and photographs of inspirational sources or of fittings with models. For Murkudis, every collection is shaped by a “longing for the new”. He never takes the same approach twice. On the contrary, his ideas originate in his individual engagement with his surroundings. Murkudis’s projects are often triggered by no more than a sentence, or even just a word. After that initial spark, the most varied objects and experiences, people and situations, encountered in everyday life or on travels, can provide impulses for the concept’s development. Apart from the in-depth research into and testing of materials, the fittings and exhanges with the people who wear his designs play a fundamental role in the elaboration of an idea. 6 Sigmar Polke (1941 in Oels/Silesia, PL – 2010 in Cologne, DE) In 1968, Sigmar Polke created a portfolio containing fourteen offset prints of photographs produced in collaboration with Chris Kohlhöfer. As already alluded to by the work’s title—Higher Powers Command—the brief captions describe actions those “higher powers” have inspired and guided the artist in performing. Whether Folding Rule Palm Tree, Defoliation of a Tree, or Correction of the Palmar Creases, the paradoxical artistic gestures suggested by the subtitles transport the viewer into a bizarre pictorial world. In the process, Polke himself dodges responsibility for the origins of the creative artistic process and transforms the question as to the secret of the inspiration into a tongue-incheek comment on the myth of the artistic genius. Tony Conrad (b. 1940 in Concord, New Hampshire, US) Experimental filmmaker, musician and artist Tony Conrad’s Yellow Movie 1/25 – 31/73 of 1973 comes from a work series bearing the same title. The black frame on the large sheet of paper surrounds a white rectangle coated with latex paint and reminiscent of a small-scale projection screen. Exposure to light causes a gradual yellowing of the paint, which thus illustrates time. With this work series Conrad translated filmic and photographic methods into painting. As the yellowing process continues inexorably and – for the temporary viewer – invisibly, an abstract film of potentially infinite duration is produced. 6 Collecting and objects Special and unusual objects hold great fascination for Kostas Murkudis, a fascination he often attributes to influences from his childhood, for example the Green Vault in Dresden, the Karl May Museum, and the art of Judo. Murkudis does not think of himself exclusively as a fashion designer, but frequently also creates objects, singly or in editions. Examples are the glass baseball bats produced in collaboration with the Gustav van Treeck studios for mosaic 7 and glass painting, the glass object Chameleon in cooperation with the Lobmeyr glass company, or an Adidas sneaker as a special edition. He keeps a number of these objects on an industrial shelving system in his studio along with personal keepsakes. The shelf served as the point of departure for the presentation at the MMK, which unites a wide variety of items in the manner of a cabinet of curiosities, and mirrors Murkudis’s passion for collecting and designing objects. The latter here enter into dialogue with rarely displayed artists’ editions and other works from the MMK Collection to which Murkudis has developed a special affinity—for example Tue Greenfort’s glass Medusa, a carnivalesque mask by Jean Tinguely, or Andreas Slominski’s neatly folded dish-washing, cleaning and dusting cloths. Piero Manzoni (1933 in Soncino, Cremona, IT – 1963 in Milan, IT) Piero Manzoni’s aim was to ban narrative content from painting. In the Achromes workgroup he endeavoured to exclude everything superfluous and all conceivable interpretations from the painting. The works were made by soaking the canvas in kaolin, a substance used to produce paper and porcelain. With this process, Manzoni eliminated even colour from his œuvre. When the soaked pieces of canvas were applied to burlap, their weight brought about the creases characteristic of this workgroup. 7 The 2009–11 summer/spring collections Kostas Murkudis is interested in modes of presentation that allow the viewer to experience his designs in their materiality and form, also independently of any function as articles of clothing. Hovering freely before a brightly lit wall, the garments of various spring/summer collections appear as light, permeable and flexible membranes that dissolve the distinction between the inner and the outer and take on an abstract quality. Among Murkudis’s artistic concerns is the sensual experience of materiality, desire, sexuality and the human skin, which he 8 regards as the primary supporting material. He frequently works with transparent and skin-coloured cloths, which he contrasts with stiff satins. The 2009 spring/summer collection is devoted to the theme of lingerie, intimacy and direct contact to the body. In combination with the sheer fabrics, experiments with the shrinking and distortion of rubber bands through washing and dyeing result in soft folds and gatherings that also distinguish the extremely feminine quality of the 2010 spring/summer collection. Responsible for the form here is a tubular plastic fabric that creates spiral-shaped lines. For the 2011 spring/summer collection Murkudis worked with double satin silks, layering them in broad strips with latex and matting them with talcum on the seams, edges and breast areas. The 2013 summer collection likewise creates an interplay between presentation and concealment and is devoted to the topic of bondage. Japanese-style belts and tops playfully combine transparence and opacity. Dresses, casual trousers and skirts made of rubber form the body. Prismatic plastic foil vests echo the flirtation with transparence and refract the light. Morris Louis (1912 in Baltimore, US – 1962 in Washington, US) Morris Louis is considered a chief exponent of American colorfield painting. His paintings negate all illustrative and illusionistic functions and concentrate instead on the pure appearance of vibrant colour. Louis did not apply the paint with a brush, but, employing the “staining” technique, poured it onto large-scale canvases which he often did not mount on stretchers until shortly before their purchase or exhibition. First Coming of 1961 belongs to Louis’s last work complex, the Stripes. The paint streams down the unprimed canvas in vertical lanes. The stripes of colour begin in an asymmetrical arrangement near the upper edge, then cross the surface from top to bottom and seem to continue beyond the lower edge, bearing the motion of their evolution process within themselves. They look like dynamic markings in a bright space. 9 8 20,164 In 2006, Kostas Murkudis presented a single, plain silk dress with an underdress, both in pale pink. The following season he had the same dress produced in an edition of 142, each in a different colour. The 142 colours corresponded to the entire spectrum produced by a certain Italian silk manufacturer. Whereas Murkudis had initially played with absolute reduction, the outer and under garments of the 142 Dresses can be combined in 20,164 different ways. This conceptual treatment of colour and form unites elements of uniformity and seriality with those of individuality and endless diversity. 9 The 2011 spring/summer collection / Criarde, 2005 Kostas Murkudis is constantly in search of means of staging fashion that defy the conventions of the fashion world. To this end, he frequently cooperates with artists. Within the framework of the 2010 exhibition Not in Fashion, carried out in collaboration with Carsten Nicolai, Murkudis realized a multi-media fashion show of his 2011 spring/summer collection at the MMK 1, in which a wide range of sensory impressions merged and overlapped in a synesthetic experience. To the accompaniment of a sound collage, light patterns were projected on the models. As a result, the garments were in many cases no longer individually perceivable as such, but merged indistinguishably with their surroundings, the body, light and colour. Movement, the sensual exchange with the article of clothing, and thus the performative potential of fashion were also the focus of the short film Criarde by director Lars Knorrn. The work was produced in 2005 for the MoDe! exhibition organized by the Goethe-Institut in Japan. John Chamberlain (1927 in Rochester, US – 2011 in New York, US) Within the framework of his investigations of the aesthetic qualities of materials foreign to art, John Chamberlain employed not only car body parts but also foam rubber. For the 10 1967 work Funburn, he used a cord to tie foam rubber elements together in such a way as to create an organic-looking figure. Here the cord served a form-generating function, but without completely dominating the material. Rather, it accentuates the inherent formative qualities of the foam, its specific visual structure and haptic character. The work thus performs a balancing act between the pliability and the intractability of its material. 10 The 2012–14 autumn/winter collections For Kostas Murkudis, articles of clothing are “architectural bodies”. He is interested in the sensitive space that is created between the fabric and the human body. As seen in the 2012–14 autumn/winter collections on display here, Murkudis makes frequent use of materials that already possess strong intrinsic formative powers of their own. Owing to his sculptural treatment of the materials, his garments take on an object-like presence. For the asymmetrical cuts of his 2013 autumn/winter collection, which takes its inspiration from the theme of interior decoration, Murkudis employed stiff, brittle materials such as raffia, horsehair and imitation leather to construct generous volumes. Within the framework of the unisex autumn/winter collection of 2012, for which the work of the Italian architect and designer Carlo Mollino (1905–1973)—and especially the latter’s photos of the skier Leo Gasperl—served as the point of departure, Murkudis combined natural loden with reflective safety material from the area of sportswear, as well as foam rubber covered with various silks, some printed. The joining of traditional and unusual materials and the redefinition—but also the up/downgrading—of those materials that came about as a result, are two aspects likewise of key significance for the 2014 autumn/winter collection. Here Murkudis processed (among other materials) strips of industrial foil in the manner of classical fabric. The object-like self-containment of the garments that so strongly distinguishes the 2012 and 2013 collections is partially tempered here by the combination of stiff 11 sailcloth with transparent and soft materials such as silk and tulle. With individual green and blue lines traversing the garments like markings, Murkudis makes reference to the work of the American artist Barnett Newman and the latter’s explorations of surface and line in abstract painting. Blinky Palermo (1943 in Leipzig, DE – 1977 in Kurumba, MV) In the 1960s and ’70s, Blinky Palermo developed an œuvre that challenged the boundaries of painting anew. The work black / brown from his “fabric paintings” series looks at first sight like an abstract painting; at the same time, however, it negates painting’s most characteristic attribute: the application of paint by the artist. Rather than composing the zones of colour on the canvas by means of a painterly process, the artist sewed two pieces of industrially manufactured, dyed cotton together and then mounted the resulting work on a stretcher. The composition represents a pictorial exploration of the relationship between the two colour zones; the “horizon” they form triggers associations with landscape. At the same time, however, the work’s unusual materiality lends it a physical quality that brings out its object character. black / brown thus addresses the tensioncharged interface at which material becomes a pictorial composition and a pictorial composition emerges in its materiality. Steven Parrino (1958 New York, US – 2005 New York, US) Whereas the upper section of canvas in Snake Lake has been stretched to a taut strip of black, the rest of the monochrome colour field has evidently slipped out of its original form and hangs in numerous folds. Steven Parrino referred to his works as misshaped canvasses in an allusion to American painter Frank Stella’s famous shaped canvasses. From the 1960s onward, Stella had defied the traditional rectangular format of painting with canvasses of various shapes, thus emphasizing the object quality of the work above and beyond its depictive function and in its relationship to space. 12 Dan Flavin (1933 in New York, US – 1996 in New York, US) Dan Flavin is considered a key exponent of American Minimal Art. His geometric, often serially arranged and industrially produced works avoid any referential function beyond their form, materiality and presence in a specific place. The artist used commercially available fluorescent tubes to investigate a traditional topos of the visual arts—light and shade. His works testify to a painterly treatment of light that brings forth fields and strips of colour in a wide variety of nuances and intensities. The work Untitled (to Barbara Nüsse) of 1971, for example, creates a delicate colour space. In their appearance and meaning, the works are always also linked to the perspective, movement and perception of the viewer sensitized to his own surroundings. Robert Longo (b. 1953 in New York, US) Robert Longo produced these large-scale black-and-white Untitled lithographs in 1985 within the framework of his Men in the Cities series inspired by a film still of a shooting scene from Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s 1970 work The American Soldier. Showing elegantly dressed persons carrying out extreme movements in front of a white background, Longo’s prints possess a quality of energy-charged snapshots. In their expressive corporeality, the anonymous big-city dwellers resemble dancers of ecstatic vitality but at the same time seem strangely adrift and isolated in their gestures, as wild as they are graceful, between abandon and defence, euphoria and struggle. The artist based the works on photographs he took of his friends on the roof of his New York studio while pelting them with tennis balls, then enlarged with the aid of a projector and finally translated into painstakingly executed drawings. 11 Overalls, 2012 Two nappa overalls in black and off-white form the centre of the installation in the darkened room. They ‘converse’ with a Japanese-style screen made of semi-transparent, skin-coloured latex. 13 Overalls have long held a firm place in Murkudis’s repertoire and reveal his fascination with the uniform and the androgynous, with the military aesthetic, the functional. 12 Digital Memory, 2010–15 “I like the ephemeral. Ideally, the things that happen before or after, where the human being shows herself and breaks through the perfection.” The shots from Kostas Murkudis’s pictorial archive as well as two series of backstage photos offer the most intimate insights into the designer’s work. The archival images feed on a wide range of everyday observations, but also on pop culture, art and film. Often snapped with an i-phone, the shots come about within the framework of Murkudis’s research, serve his as sources of inspiration, and shed light on his very personal connection to his surroundings. Murkudis’s approach is distinguished by an endeavour to come as close as possible to the genuine, the vital and the authentic that suddenly appears in seemingly trivial moments. He is interested in photography as a medium not so much to record staged scenes but to capture passing moments, which he compares to film stills. Already in the early years of his career, he always had photos taken backstage during his fashion shows in addition to the usual perfectly staged lookbook shots. The views of the autumn/winter show in Paris taken by Mark Borthwick in 1997 behind the scenes of a Paris fashion show (also see station 13) provide access to the fashion world above and beyond the clichés of flawless, virtually identical models and are characterized by great sensitivity, intimacy and closeness. 14 Juergen Teller (b. 1964 in Erlangen, DE) In the late 1980s, following his studies at the state photography academy in Munich, Juergen Teller embarked on his career in London, where he soon began publishing his photos in such prominent magazines as i-D and Face. Teller’s photographic works take a direct and intimate, humorous and provocative look at the side-lines of the fashion world and the celebrity culture, outside the focus of the typical unapproachable stagings of perfection, sparkle and glamour. The shots taken in 1993/94 in the backstage spaces of Helmut Lang fashion shows serve as a reference to the beginnings of Kostas Murkudis’s career. Murkudis worked with Lang closely as an assistant for seven years (1986–93), a phase that would prove formative for his development. 13 The 1997 autumn/winter collection With the silent film Out of Passion, director Jaci Judelson documented the Paris Fashion Week for the BBC in the spring of 1997. The filmic collage includes backstage and onstage takes of Kostas Murkudis’s 1997 autumn/winter collection. Thanks to its non-focus and dynamic camera work, it is distinguished by an atmospheric aesthetic of immediacy and ephemerality. The camera scans faces, bodies, surfaces and materials, and at times comes so close to the garments and the models that they are virtually no longer identifiable. The 1997 autumn/winter collection developed out of the designer’s exploration of historical and contemporary elements of Japanese culture and was created a year before he actually visited that country for the first time. The conceptual point of departure for the collection: rather than himself, Murkudis had the singer Deborah Harry of the New York New Wave band Blondie embark on a fictitious trip to Japan—“Blondie in Tokyoto”. 15 Franz Erhard Walther (1939 in Fulda, DE) The artist radically expanded the concept of sculpture with his work. Characterized by openness and changeability of form, his participatory textile works depart from the static, self-contained art object and demand a redefinition of the relationship between the work and the viewer. Executed between 1963 and 1969, his First Work Set consists of fifty-eight elements made primarily of muslin. As the photographs by Timm Rautert (b. 1941 in Tuchel, DE) show, these textiles are not just to be passively viewed by the recipient, but actively used—i.e. stepped on, picked up, worn and recombined. 14 The 2014 spring/summer collection The 2014 spring/summer collection is entitled 4D – A Tribute to Franz Erhard Walther and represents Murkudis’s hitherto most radical break with the conventions of the fashion world and its presentation forms as well as his most direct dialogue with the visual arts. With this collection, which consists solely of unica, the fashion designer makes reference—with regard to form and presentation alike—to a key work in the MMK Collection: Franz Erhard Walther’s First Work Set. After the manner of Franz Erhard Walther’s concept of the artwork’s “vitalization”, Murkudis staged the collection performatively in the exhibition rooms of a gallery in Berlin. As abstract forms, the articles of clothing were arranged to create a floor installation. One after the other, they were donned by a model, set in motion, and transformed from two- into three-dimensionality. As a result, the dynamic relationship between material, form, body and space that underlies Murkudis’s work became manifest in a new way. 16 Imprint At Close Range Kostas Murkudis and the MMK Collection is on view at the MMK 2 of the MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst am Main from 17 July 2015 to 14 February 2016. Director MMK: Dr. Susanne Gaensheimer Curator of the exhibition: Peter Gorschlüter Visitors' guide edited by: Ramona Heinlein, Peter Gorschlüter, Daniela Denninger, Julia Haecker, Christina Henneke Translation: Judith Rosenthal Made possible by: Founding Partners: Media Partners: The MMK 2 has been made possible by the TaunusTurm, a joint venture of Tishman Speyer and the Commerz Real AG. The founding partners are Stefan Quandt, the Ernst Max von Grunelius-Stiftung, the Helaba Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen and the DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale. Further sponsors are the MMK Stiftung, the Freunde des MMK and the New Contemporaries. Public Guided Tours: Saturday/Sunday: 4 pm (in German) Every second Saturday: 2.30 pm (in English) For further information about the exhibition visit our museum blog: www.mmk-notes.com. Also visit „mmkfrankfurt“ on Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. MMK 2 MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst Taunustor 1 60310 Frankfurt am Main Phone + 49 (0) 69 212 30 44 7 Fax + 49 (0) 69 212 37 88 2 www.mmk-frankfurt.de Photo: 2015 spring/summer collection Photo: Casper Sejersen