I{3 KOJIJIEKTInU BI4P fro COAEP)KAHIrc, OPAKUI{OHHOMy

XAPAIffEPPICTI4KAAI,IKOPACTYIIIUX BI,IAOB OBCA
I{3 KOJIJIEKTInUBI4P fro COAEP)KAHIrc, OPAKUI{OHHOMy
M )KITPHOKIICJIOTHOMYCOCTABYMACJIA
T. B. rrrerenra, c. B. Jleonona,A. B. KoHapeB,
Irr. r. Jlocryron,
A. Kaplocon, C. Cruu
I4ryreno 30 o6pasuoB Ar{Kopacryrrlux BrrAoBAvena L. osca pasnofi uor,rAHocru n l0 o6pasqon KyrrbrypHoro
BI{Aa oBca A. sativa L. YcranoBJIeHo,.rto 6orunl{M coAepxaHneM MacJraxapaKrepx3oB4Jrr{cbo6paarlhr i"*caIrJIoI4AHoroAllKopacrylrlero oBca. B uacle oBca roHKoclofinofi xpoMarorpaQuefi BhrflBJreHo
9 opu*q"f, cpeAH
KoropErx npeo6naganH llontpHble nHnHAhI H TpI{aIII{JIilrHrIeponbr:Hx c)n\{MapHoecoAepxaHr{e cocraBr{Jro
93'6oh- B uacle AuKopacrylrlnx BI{AoBoBca s Hald6oru[IeM KoJrr{qecrBeBbrf,BrreHbr
creapr,rHoBirrr,
oJrer{HoBaflu
JItIHoJIeBiUI
KllcJlorbl (93,1%). I'Iccnegoraullt [o3BoJIIuII{ BbIAeJrr{Tb
no prAy BaxHbD( [oKai]areleil (rraaclnvHocTb' HI{3KoecoAepxaH[e HeIIaObIIII9HHBD(
xOIpHbIx KHCJIoTu Qpaxqnn Cro6o4rux xlrpHbrx xucnor) Ar{KopacrylllHe reKcaIrJIoI{AHbIeBI{AbI osca. B cBoro oqepeAb, o6pasqr,r IqyJlbrypHoro Br{Aa r{MeJrr{6onruryro 11111qeByIo IIeHHocG (co4epxaHl{e BIrraMI,IHaF, comnoureHl{e HeHacbrrrleHubD(
xr{pH6rx Kr,rcJrorK Hachrrrlegnurrl n gp.)
no cpaBHeHr{roc AHKopacTyrqr.rM}r.
Bnenenne
n Bec (,4vena L.) - oAHa r,r3caMbrx nepcnercrtrBHbrxr.r
Lfsocrpe6onaHHbrx B Hacrorrqufi ruoueHT ceJrbcKoxoggficrnenHbrx KyJrbryp B Haruefi crpaHe u 3a py6exorrl.
Oua xapaKrepr.{3yercr pflAoM rleHHhrx 6uoxul,nlqecKr,rx
cBoficrB, no3Bonrroulnx ncnoJrb3oBaTbee B [r{qeBblx,
26
KopMoBbD(r,rMeArrKo-npoQmaKrr{qe cKr,rxrleJr.f,
x. .{n r sepHa oBca xapaKrepHo BhrcoKoecoAep)KaHHe
MacJraIIo cpaBHeHHroc ApyrlrMr{ 3epHoBbrMr,r
KynbrypaNau.Osec rBJrrercfl, r4cTorrHI,rKoMHeHacbrnleHHhrx xr{pHbrx K}IcJro!
r,I
B-rurorauoB, rreKTHHoB,Br,rraMHHaE, aneHaHTpaMr4AoB
aHrrdoKcr,[qaHroB,
Apyrrx Qeuolrurrx
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Arp.pf,.r
Poccxr, 2006. JS 6
B cocrar MacnaoBca Bxotrtr raK HatbIBaeMHeHegaMeHII'
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gTlrx 6uororuqecrl{ aKTI{BHbIxBeIIIecrB. Baxuult noKa3af,eneMuuulenofi IIeHHocrI{ oBca tBJlsercfi coAepxaul{e B
HeM rrlrgouegosofi KI{cJIorLI, otnoctrtleficn K UoJII{HeHacbrrrleHHbruouera-3 xI{pHbIM KI{cJIoraM,Ittnopble urpalor
6onruryro poJlb r upoQunaKrl{Ke arepocKllepo3a. Hamque B oBce yKasaHHbD(6uolornqecKu aKTUBHLIX
BelqecrB
Aenanr ueo6xoAuMblM erro rrpncyrcrB]Ie B nI{uIeBoM parlr{oHe 6omnux c epAerrHo-cocyAI{crbIMI{, xenyAoqxo-Kl{rueqHLrMuga6onegaHlrrMn, 6oueguruu o6uesa BeIIIecrB,
a rarcxe B rrrrraHr{r{3AopoBblxnnAeil.
o6oraIlorpe6nocrb l{Merb npoAyIGbI, MaKcI{MaJIbHo
rrleHubre 6nonoruqecKl{ aICTI{BHIIMHBeIIIecrBaMil, rloJtoxureJrbHo gogAefictByloultrMl{ Ha 3AopoBbe qeroBeKa, I{
pacryrrlee B cBr3lr c gTr{Mnorpe6neHlde oBca n unqy o6ycnoBJrr{BarcTaKTyaJrbHocrb HccneAoBaunfi 6noxtlltu,Iecr(oro cocTaBa3epHaoBca AJI' noncKa I{cToqHI{KoBnoBblrleHHoro nlIuIeBoN) I{ KopMoBonoKaqecrsa. BaxHbIMu xaparcrepilcrr{KaMl{KaqecTBa3epHaoBca sBr.tloTct coAepxaHlre MacJraI{ ero xl{pHoKl,Icloruufi cocraB.
3a.qa.refi Harueno nccneAoBanur tnlttlIocb l{3yqeHlre
o6pasuon BHAoBoBcaH3KoJIrIeKIIuuBI,IP no coAepxaHur),
QparquonHoMy H xr{pHoKncJlorHoro cocraBy uaua. CyrrlecTByeTMHoro MeToAoBAJlf, onpeAeJIeHI{.tcoAepxaHl{t
MacJra,B rlrx qucre: Knaccu.recrfifi (uo uacce cyxoro o6egxlrpeHnoro ocrarKa), a raKxe c ucnoJlb3oBaHueMra3oxr{AKocrHofi xpouarorpaQnu (IXX). B Haruefi crpaHe B
ocHoBHoMHcnoJlb3yerct KJlaccn.recxufi MeroA; sapy6exHbreHccileAoBarennqalqe npl{MeHtlor MeroA fXX. B pe3ynbTaTeBo3HHKaercJroxHocTbIIpH cpaBHeHnI{noJrrlsHHbrx pe3yJrbraroB..{nr us6exaHun uoAo6uux neygo6ctn
MbI peilI,IJIlI upoBeCTHonpeAeJIeHI{ecOAep)I(aHLuMaCJIa
nocre qero
AByr![r MeroAaMr{: KJracc[qecKHM u fxX,
pe3yJrbTaTbr.
cpaBHHTb
MeroAbr [cc.ileAoBanrrt
HccneAosanu 43 o6pasqa oBca I{3 KoJIJIeKIIHHBI,IP
(ra6r. 1), 33 r.r3Hr{x orHocltJll{cs r 12 AuKopacryIIII{M BHAaM c pa3HhrMypoBHeMruIoluuocru (2n,4n u 6n) u 10 r
KyJrbrypHoMyBr.rAyAv ena sativ a L.
Konn.recrseHHoe coAepxaHue MacJra o[pe.{eJunocb
MeroAoMr{ c noMotrIrro fXX. Srcrparquro
KJraccuqecKr{M
Jrrrrrr4roBoBca npoBoAr,rwrcMecbrc MeraHona c x.nopoQop(2:1) ur oquuleHHbrxor ruIeHoK3epeHno rr,reto.qyIl].
rraorra
(Dparqnonnrrfi cocraB Macna rI3) raJIHc [oMoIIIbIo roHKocnofinofi xpoMirrorpaQuu. PasAenenr{eMacJraHa Qpaxquu
[poBoA[JrH B TeqeHue20 -25 vruttHa creKJltnnofi nrracrl,rHe, rroKpbrrofi cnoeu cop6enta. B xa.recrBe noAsIDKHofi
Qaru ucrroJlb3oBaJlr{pacrBop An.npa3AeJIeHI{xnefirpanrHbD(JrlrlnAoB, cocro.f,nlufi ug reKcaHa,Ar{grnJloBoroeSupa
H yKcycHofi rncnorsr (35:15:10). B KaqecrBecranAapra
pacrBop, coAepxaqufi noBMecre c o6pasqoM HaHocr,rJrr{
JrrpHbre JII{rrHAhr,MoHoaq}rJlrnnqepoJlhl, AI4aIII{IInII,IqepoArpapnar Poccns. 2006. Jtt 6
B I{ccJIeAoBaHue
Tafiinqa 1. BnAu otca(AvenaL,\,B3xrbIe
IlnouAnocr Korrqecrroo6pasuor
Bnl
,{rrcpacryquc
BITAIIoBca
2n
A, hlrtulaLag,
2n
A,longigluralbDur.
2n
A, claudaDw,
2n
A, canariensls
Baum,
2n
A, wiestiiSteud.
4n
A. vavilovianaMord.
4n
A, magnaMu.et Ten
4n
A. barbataPott.
4n
A. wiestiSteud.
4n
A. murphyiLadiz.
6n
A.fauaL.
6n
A. ludovicianaD'x,
6n
A, sterilisL.
Kynrrypnuil sfiA orca.r{.sativa
6n
var.mutica
6n
van inersis
6n
var.autea
3
I
1
2
2
3
4
4
I
2
3
4
3
6
2
2
Jrhr,TpnarlunrunqepoJrLr,
cso6oAnuexI{pHbIeK}IcJIorbII{
creponrr.Ill.qeHrn$urarlnrcnonfleHurx Qparqnfi npoaocBerenocne o6paB ynbrpaQuonetoBoM
AwwrBr{syaJrbHo
pacrBoporrr
6orxra
0,lolo-xoro fioAnHoJla.XupnorncJloruufi cocraBMacnaoBcaonpeAeJrtnuMeroAouflIC(. MerHJrr{poBaHHe
rpoBoAHnH
20 r"ruHnpn 90oC.I{geHtnQraranpu nOMOIIIHfXX
IIHrc XI,IpHbIx KIICJIOTOCyqeCTBJItJIIIt
no BpeMeHr{BbrxoAacraHAapTHoficuecu xtlpHblx KHcJIor.
MapraB xa.recrse BHyrpeHHerocraHAapra HcnoJIb3oBaJII,t
pr,rHoByroKr{cJrory (Crz,o). I4ccreAoganr4r npoBoAI{JIv Ha
6age BHP nu. H. H. BasuroBa H rrrBeAcKoroarpapHoro
yHr.rBepcrrera (A-rrrHapr, Illseqnr).
Pesyrrmru r o6clrltAeur{e
florasaHo, qro Ar{a[a3oH ]r3MeHqI{BocrIiInorasatenefi
rrrupe y o6pasqoB ALIcoAepxaHr,rr MacJra6rr.n necrcoJrbKo
go
(or
l4,2Yo) no cpanHeHllro
Kopacryrqr( BlrAoBoBca
7,3
c o6pasqaMlr rqyrrbrypHoroBvAa(or 6,2 yo 10,0%o).Tarxe
ycraHoBneHo, qro y o6pasqoB Ar,rKopacryrquxBIIAoBoBca
cpegueb 3HaqeHHecoAep)KaHut Macrra(no uacce cyxoro
o6esxupeHnoro ocrama) 6nno Bbrrue(9,2%) ro cpaBHeHr{roc raKoBbrMKyrrbrypHoro (7,9To) Guc. 1). y o6pasqoa
Ar,rKopacryulrrx Br,rAosHa6rroAulJrr{yBenuqeHne coAep)KaHI{r MacJrac yBennqeHr{eMrrJroI{AHocrI{- or 8r7o/oy AvrBrrsnneHo 7 o6parrrJror{AHbrx.qo
9,8o/oy reKcarrJror,rAHbrx.
rIoB Ar.rKopacryrqn Blr,uoBoBca c BbrcoKr{u (6onee l0%)
coAepx(aHraeM
MacJra.carraoeBbrcoKoecoAepxaHr{e Macna
xaparcrepHo Arr o6pasqos r-755 (A. vaviloviana Mord,
4n) - 13,0oAnx-397 (A. ludoviciana Dur., 6n) - 14,2o/o.
LIs puc. I nngno, qro 3Haqentas,coAepxaHnfl lrLacra,
ronyqeHHbre c noMorrlbrc fXX B cpeAHeMya l,5o/o Hr{xe,
rreM TaKoBbre,noJr5 reHHbreKJraccuqecKr,rM
MeroAoM. Tarc)Ke noATBeplKAeHo,rrTo coAepxaHr{e Macna y AHKopacTyqux o6paarloBBbrrue,qeM y Kynbrypnux (7,9 *t5,9o/ocoorBercrBeHHo). Cpear.rAr{KopacrytrInx BHAoBnau6onee srrcoKoMacJrr,rrrHbrMr{
oKa3aJrucb reKcannor{AHbre o6pasqu
(8,1%). O6paruor, y KoropbD(coAepxaHne MacJrarlpeBbr-
27
tlrano 6st l0o/o, BburBJreHo
ue 6ulo. flo pesynbraraM fXX
BbrAeJreHorpn o6pasqa, coAepxaHne MacJraB Koropbrx
6uro Bbrrrre9o/o:t<-755 (,4.vaviloviana,4n ) - 9,2yo, x-473
(4. sterilis L., 6n )-9,4oA,rc-2045 (A. sterilis,6n)- 9,3yo
(ra6l. 2). O6paseq r-755 BFrAeJreH
KaKBbrcoKorr,racnn.rHrrfi
c [oMorrlbro fXX n KJracc[trecKoroMeroAa.
B xole aH€LirH3a
xrrpHoKr,rcJroruorococraBa MacJra3epHa BHAOBOBCaHaMLrOnpeAer.flrHcbCJreAyroqnexupHbre
(C, u,o),creaprrHonar (C rr.9),oneKr,rcJrofrbr
: naJrLMrrrr{HoBar
(C,r,z),Jrr{HoJreHonar
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(C,r.r), apaxuHoBarr(Czo,o),a raKxe HeAaBHoo6HapyxeHuiur B 3epHe
oBca 6- I 5-ruapoKcnorcraAeKaAileHoBarr
Kr{cnora (C, r.r) [2].
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KI{cJror.CyrqecrreHHbrx ornu.rufi B xnpHoKr{cJrornoM co craBe y AlrKopacrytrlrx H KyJrbrypnux o6parrloB oBca He
BbrrBJreHo(puc. 2). He6olbrune pa3rraqrr sa6nrcAalrrcb B
coAepxaHnrr narrbMurnnosofi, Jrr{HoJreBofira 6-15-ruapoKcr.rorcraAexaAueHosofiKr,rcJror (16,7 14 15,8o/o, 34,4 14
@ CogepxaHue Macnano fXX
I
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cocraB (r o/osr cyMrdhr)o6pa3rloB KynErypEom r AnxolxrqrJ.rr{D( BnIoB oBca !(r
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Cocras
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A. hirnla
A. wiestii
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A. sativa
A. vaviloviana A. vaviloviana
A.fatua
A.Iudoviciana
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v. aurea
Ne o6pasqon rro Karanory
x-3
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poc.ir,
2006. Jt 6
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Hoe KoJrr{trecrBo
Br{raM}rHa
F (40,5%) o6napprcenoy o6pa3qax-473 reKcarJror{AHoro
Bura A. sterilis (m6r. 2).
O,unuu r,r3Ba)KHbrx
noKtrraf,eJrefi
nuuesofi qesHocrn
MacJraf,BJrterc.f,
noKa3areJrb
orHorueHr,trcoAepxaHl{tHeflo srouy
HacbrrrleHHbrx
xupHbrxKHcJrorK HacbrrrleHHbrM.
noKa3areJrro MexAy Ar.rKop
bIMLIBI{acryrrlr{Mr{r,rKyJrbrypH
(4,2u4,3
pasruvufi
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He
na6npAanocb
AaMH
coorBercrneHno).Cregyer Bbr.qenr{rb
o6pageq r-1914
d4. canariensrs),y KoroporogTor noKulareJrb6ur paneu
5,1,araKxe o6pasqux-14498(A.sativaL.vaninermis)- 5,5.
5,2u r-1986(A. murphyiLadiz.)
BIII,IserHa
HsnecrHo,qro Qparquonsrrfi cocraBMacJIa
KaqecrBo3epHaoBca.flpu nouoqr{ ToHKocrofinofixpoMarorpaQun Macno oBca 6u.uo pa3AeneHoHa 9 Sparqnfi:
(IIJI), Auarlr{JruruqepoJllr-l(AAf-l),
roJrspHbreJrlrnr,rAbr
BIIAOB,a HeHaCbrrIIeH- Ar{aq}rJrilruqeponn-2(AAf-2), rpr{arlnnrnuqeponu-l
JIOTBbrrueB MaCJreAHKOpaCTyUIID(
Hbx - y KyJrbrypHoro BlrAa. Cyrrrua HacbIIIIeHHLrxxup(TAf - I ), Tpr.raqunnrr{qeporrbr-2
(TAf -2), rpuaqnnull{qeHbD(KlrcJror BLrruey rerpa[Jlor{,qHblx Ar{Kopacryrqux BI{porrbr(TAf), cso6oAHuexr{pHbreKr{crrorn-l (CXK-l),
o/o).MunuMaJIbHoeKorurlecrBo [ailbMl{runosofi
(CXK-2) n crepunn (Ct)
aos ( 19,3
cno6oAnnexlrpHbreKr{cJrorbr-2
Kr{crrorbr (14,L%) saifurcnpoBaHo y o6pasqa r-1914
(pnc. 4). Hau6omruyrc gorrron MacnecocraBrf,.rruQpar(A. canariensfs Baum), creaprrHosofi Kucroru (0,3%) quu TAf n fIJI - 16,0*t74,7YocoorBercrBeHHo.
Ocraruy K-316 (A. barbata Pott.) (ra6n. 2). CpeauAr,rKopacryurnx
Hue Qparqlru nplrcyrcrBoBannB KoJruqecrBe
or 0,2 (Cr)
no cyMMeHeHacbrrrleHHbrx
xlrpHbrx Kr{cnor oco6eHHo srrAo 2,2oh (AAf-2). Cpe4Hr.recoAepxaHlrf,pa3rl,rqHblx
(80,7 %).
reKcannor.rAHbre
BlrAbr
Aerf,Jrucb
ifpaxqufi Macnay o6pasqoBArrKopacryulrxr{ KyJrbrypHoro
rraJrbMuruHonofi(17,1%)
Cauoe BbrcoKoecoAep)KaHue
BvrAa
MoxHoorMeoBca[parcrr,rqecKr{
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cyrqecrc pasHoficrerteHbrcrrJror{AHocrrr
pasru.rnfi B xr{pHoKrrcJrorHoM
cocraBe(pnc. 3).
BeHHbrx
o6pasqoaoBca6uno y
Hau6omuee coAepxaHneB MacJre
ir (1,5%) u ruHeHacbrrrleHHbrx
xlrpHbrxKr{cJror
: oJreHHoBo
xnpHblx KlIcJIor
Horesofi (35,3%). Aons HacbIIIIeHHbIx
H creapultosofi cocraBl{Jla16,3 tt l,4Yo
[aJrbMr{Trdnosofi
coorBercrBeHuo.Cyruua ocuoBHbrx xrrpHbrx KI{cJror:
conaJrbMrrrr{uoaofi,
oJrer{HoBofi
u nnsonesofi B cpeAHeM
craBJrrrra
93,50 (prc. 2,3). MarcnuarbHoecoAepxaHl{e
rcncnorrl (46,Ioh) ycranoureHo g.nr o6pasqa
oJreuHoBofi
xnclorrr
x-1896 (A. magaaMurph. et Ten); rrlrHoJreBofi
(38,8%)- An.ro6pasqax-473 (A. sterilis);ruruoreHosofi
(3,4%)- rJly.o6pasqar-3 (1. hirtula Lag.); 6-15-rn.qpo(4,5o/o)
Kcr{orcra,AeKaAr{eHonoh
- aff x-31 (A.fatuaL.).
xupHbrx KHccyurraapuoecoAepxaHr{eHacbrrrleHHbrx
ir (2,4%) KI,IcJIorycrau 6- I 5-ru4porcuoKraAeKaAr.reHoBo
HOBJTeHO
.Urr reKcarrJroltAHbrxAl,rKopacTyrllru(BTIAoBoBca,
a orrer{Honofi(41 ,7o ) n apilorHosofi (l%) - MA reTparnorr,qHbrx. MarcuManbHoe coAepxaHue creapnHonofi
(1,6%) lr Jrr{HoJreuonofi
(1,5%) Kr,rcJror
o6napyxeHo y Ar,rrJrorrAHbrxAr.rKopacryrrluxBr4AoB.Y o6paslloB KyJlbrypHoro
KucJII,IHoJIesofi
BuAa caMbrMBbrcoKHM6uno coAep)KaHl4e
rrorbr -35,5Yo (pnc. 3).
Co4epxaHr{e Br{raM}rHaF onpe4enrflrrr4KaK cyr![My nunonesofi r,rJrr,rHoJrenonofi
Kr{cJror.Konnqe crBo apaxrrAoHosofi xucnorbr He yqr,rrbrBaflr{r{3-3a ee nusxofi KoHrIeHTpaqnu. B o6pasqax KynbrypHoro Br,rAaoBca Konr{qecrBo BI{raMrrHa F n cpe4HeM HecKoJrbKoBbrrue (36,8Yo), uervry
6E
H
H
EE
TlITb, rrro MaKcr{MaJrbHbre
3HaqeHr{.flcoAep)r(aHl{.flfIJI u
TAf ycraHoBJreHbrA.tr Ar,rKopacryqru( rerparrJlor,rAHblx lI
reKcaIIJIoI{AHbIxBLIAoB(169 u 76,7Yo cooTBeTcTBeHHo,
pnc. 4). Haun rroKa3aHo,qro y reKcarrJrolrAHbrxr{ TerparnonAHbrx o6pasqon AnKopacryrqnx BlrAoBoBca rroKiularenr{ coAep>KaHufr,
MacJIa,[on)AreHHbreKJIaccFIecKuMMeToAOM, CaMbreBbrcoKr,re,nocKonbKy nporleHTHoe coAepxaHne Qpanqnfi IIJI n TAf y Hr.rxBhrrrre,qeM y Ar.rnJrouAHbrx
Qopr (cu. nrrure),.no conracyercr c Jrr{reparypHbrMr{AaHHbrMH.flo pesyrBTaraM,rorytreHHrru fXX, BbrrueyKa3aHHz[rIB3ar,rMocBr3b
coAepxannflvracna c ero QparquonHbrM
cocTaBoMcrrpaBeAIHBaToJrbKoAIr reKcarrJrolrAHbrx
Ar{Kopacryulux o6pasqon(p"c. 1,2).
E
H
E
W
2n gurcpacryrqlre BuAhroBca
I
4n4nropacryqueBnqhroBca
tr
6n guropacryqr{e Bu.qbroBca
I
Kynrrypxufi Br{AoBca
H
*H *sH EEF
EFE
fig
" F Fgg
e fg E
E
sg tf, 5fi 5g
E
Eq
E
5
E
Eo
Puc. 3. Xaparrepucrr{Ka xr{pHoKucJroruorococraBa MacJraBr{AoBoBca
Arpapnar Pocurs. 2006. J{! 6
29
CogepxaHne CXK cocraBllJloy o6pasqoBAllKopacryrrlux Br,rAos2,9o/o,yo6pasqoBKynbrypHoro BHAa-3,5yo.
Cpe.qu o6pasuon AHKopacryIrII4xBHAoBgror [oKtnarenb
(2,5%) u uau6onr6rrn nanueHbrullM y reKcarIJIoHAHbIx
rrrlrM y AHTIoHAHIIx BLIAoB(4,5%) (p"c. 4). MnHnMaJIbHbrM coAepxaHue cso6oAHHx xI,IpHbIX KI,IcJIor (1,3%)
6ruo y o6pasqos r-36 (A.fatua)ux-547 (A. ludoviciana).
BrrAereHHue SpaKIInu uccneAoBuru Ha xupHoKI'Icrorsufi cocraB (ra6n. 3). Bo Sparquxx )KHpHbIeKI{cJIorbI
npeAcraBneHblB pa3HoMnpoIIeHTHoMcoorHoureHuu. Bo
Bcex Qparqu.flx s 6omuoM KoJlllqecrne o6napy)KeHblTpI{
(or 15,2o y TAf-l
ocHoBHbreKucJrorbl:rIiuIbMLIrI{HoBas
go 27,7yo y CXK-2), oleuuonar (or 21,6oh 4nr fIJI go
44,lyo al,s TAf) n mnolenar (or 25,lyo grt TAf -2 lo
44,40 am Cr). Hau6onee BblcoKoerpolleHrHoe coAepxaHr4enr.rHoreuonofi KI,rcJIorbIBbItBJIeHoy Sparcqnn CXK-I
xapaKrepHoca(1,9%). ftr QparuHLInontpHblx JII4TIUAoB
5- I 5-rnapoKcuolcaAeKaAneHoMoe BbrcoKoecoAep)KaHl4e
nofi nucroru(9,5o/o). Y @parqufi fIJI u Cr coAepxaHlleBu-
H$
+:
*t
s?:
raMr,rHaF sHIue no cpaBHeHlrlo c ApyrLIMu Qparcqn.ruu
(45,5 u 45,9o/ocoorBercrneHHo).
Cnegyer orMerl{rb, rlro pa3Hble Qparqnn xapaKrepnbIIIIeHHbIX)KlIpHbIX
b pa3HbIMoTHorueHHeMHeHaC
3oBturr.rc
B cpe4HeMoHo paBlrtnocr 3,3.
KlrcJror K HacbruIeHHbIM.
MaxcuuarbHblM oror noKa3areJlb6ul y tpparqufi AAf-1,
TAf-l u TAf (4,1;4,6 u 4,5 coorBercrneHHo),a MUHHMa- y Qparquu CXK-} (2,1) (ra6n. 3).
JrbHbrM
MacJIa,uoJryqeHHblerrpu rrofloragarenu coAep>Kanvfl,
Morrlrr fXX, HI/DI(e,qeM TaKoBbIe,noJrfIeHHbIe KJIaccFIecKrrMMeroAoM.flo pesynlTaraM, rloJrf{eHHuu o6onull MeroAaMr{,6onruruu coAepxaH}IeMMacnao6laAalIa o6pasqu
reKca[no]rAHoro AI,IKopacryIIIerooBca. C ucnolmoBaHl4eM
KraccuqecKoro MeroAaBbIAeneHo7 o6pasqoB,coAepxaHl{e
Macnay Koropbrx 6ruro BbIIrIel}oh,B ToMtlucne 2 o6pasqa c
MacJIa:rc-755 (A. vaviloviana, 4n)
coAep)KaHlIeM
Har.rBbrcuuM
- l3,0o , x-397 (A. Iudoviciana, 6tt ) - I4,2o .
rpr,r o6pasqa, y KoC ucnom3oBaHueMfXX BbIAeJIeHo
(nuure 9%):
nau6olrmuu
ropbrx coAepxaHueMacJIa6uno
HH?
*r
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ss ee s a € t E€ $ EFg
trEE,5s5P
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F
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Puc. 4. (Dpaxqnonnrrfi cocraB MacJraAuKopacrylqnx I{ Kynbrypnux o6patuoB oBca
Ta6.rruqa 3. Xupnoxuclo'mufi
XupHue
KHcJIorbI
C,o,oo
Cte,o,
Crc,g,
Ctaroo
Ctt'ot
6-11C1s.1
Cts,oz
Cte,ol
Czo'o
Czo,,
Czo,t
6-15 C18.2
I uuuopnux XK
Burauuu F
XK /
X neHacuuleHHblx
X nacunlennrrx XK
30
cocraB pa3nurlHblx$paxrlnfi MacJIaonca (n % or cyr"t'lsl)
florrpHsre
Anautur,(uauur^
JrHnruIbr DrHueponbl-l DrHueponbl-l
20,2
0,2
0,2
1,1
21,6
I
43,7
1,8
0,5
0,1
0,1
9'5
0,1
45,5
3,1
1 6 ,5
0,2
0,6
1 ,8
3 8 ,5
r,2
35,7
1 ,3
0,6
0,6
1 ,7
1 ,6
0
37,0
4 ,L
20,9
0,2
0,6
))
3 6 ,1
0,9
3 5 ,3
0,9
0,8
0 ,1
0,6
I
0,4
36,2
3 ,1
CXK_I
18,7
0,2
0,8
2,3
33,7
0,8
36,7
1,9
0,8
0,4
1,4
))
0,2
38,6
3,4
CXK_2
27,7
0,2
0,7
2,4
30
0,8
33,2
0,8
0,6
0,3
1,8
0,9
0,5
34,0
2,1,
TpuaqnrTpuaqn.uTpnaqnnDrr{ueponbl-I rnuqepo.uu-2 rnilqepoJrbr
15,2
0,2
0,7
1,7
42,5
0,7
35,2
0,8
0,4
0,1
3,5
0,5
0
36,0
4,6
23,7
0,5
0,7
2,9
41,4
0,8
25,1
0,3
0,9
0,3
2,3
0
1,1
25,4
2,5
16,1
0,2
0
1,3
44,L
I
34,7
1,2
0,9
0,3
0,2
0,2
0
35,9
4,5
Creponu
21,8
1, 7
1, 1
3, 3
22,7
0,6
44,4
1, 5
0,3
0,5
I
2,4
0
45,9
2,7
ArPsPxm Pocctt, 2006. J$6
K-755 (A. vaviloviana,4n) - 9,2o/o;x-473(A. sterilis, 6n)
- 9,4%o;t<-2045(A. sterilis, 6n ) - 9,3oh (m61. 2). O6paseq x-755 BbrAeJrHJrcr
KaKBbrcoKoMacnnqHrrfiuplr ucnoJrbsoBanlru o6onx MeroAoB. Pasnuqy B pe3yJrbrarax MoxHo
ofrsc;anrb reM, qro MeroAou fXX orrpeAeJrrercfl,"qficToe" Macro, TofAa KaKKJracclrqecKl,IM
METoAoMorrpeAeJrfleTctr cwMa Bcex co[yrcTByrorrlru( xupopacTBopr{MbD(
KoMnoHeHron (nocK, creprrHbr, crepoJrbr, Kaporr{HouAbr,
Br{TaMHHbr
E, K r{ Apyrne xupopacrBopnMbre aeqecraa).
Ilosrouy noKa3areJrlr, noJrlnreHHbrenocJreAHHMcnoco6ou, BbIIIre.,{nr cpasHeHl4ffnoJlyrreHHbrxAaHHbIxno coAepxaHr{ro Macna c AaHHbrMr,r
Apyr}rx uccJreAoBarelefi u
r,rcxoAHoroMalepr,raJraMfl ceneKrlr{r,rHa
AJrr BbrAeJreHH.fi
noBhrrueHr'reMacJlrqHocru oBca ueo6xoAl,rMonpr4MenrlTb
o6a uero4a (f)KX r,rMeroA Corcnera).
Cregyer orMerlrrb, qro AaHHbreno co.{epxaHr.rrcMacJra,IIOJI) IeHHbreHaMI{ruIaCCnqeCKIrM
MeTOAOM,
a TaKI(e C
rroMorrlbrofXX, HecKoJrbKo
orJr[qarr]rcb or raKoBbrx Apyrl{x aBTopon [3 - 5], r4crronb3oBaBrutxre )Ke MeroAr{Kr{.
C uouoqrrc roHKocJrofinofi xpoMarorpaQnu B MacJre
oBca BbrAeneHo9 (fpaxqufi, cpepr Koropbrx upeo6n4,qalu
ffll u TAf: rD( cyMMapHoeco,qep)KaHue
cocraBr,rJro93,6Yo,
qro corracyercr c AaHHbrMu[5, 6].
OAnnnaut SarcropoB, Bnr{.rnq}rx Ha BKyc }r KaqecrBo
3epHarrpr xpaHennv\ rBJrrercr coAep)KaHueCXK B MacJre
oBca, rrogToMyoco6rrfi r,rHTepecnpeAcraBnxror o6pa:rlbr c
HarrMeHbrueft
Aorefi erofi Spaxquu: x-36 (A.fatua)urc-547
(A.ludoviciana). B uarurx orrbrrax coAepx(aHuesrofi $pa*rrr{r,roKa3aJrocbHecKonbKoHr{xe, qeM B pa6orax [5,6].
flo naunM AaHHbrM,caMbrMHr,r3KHM
coAep)KaHueuCXK
orrr,rq:urucb Ar4KopacryrquereKcaunonAHbreo6pasqrr.
Kaxlas Qparqna HMeJraxaparcrepnufiAlr Hee)KlrpHoKrrcJrorHbrficocras. Han6onruree coAep)KaHne6- I 5-ruapoKcnorcraAeKaAneHosofirrcrorrr 6rrno orMeqeHo y Qparqnu fUI (9,5oh), rarrbMurr{noeofi - y Qparqnu CXK-2
(27,7yo), orreuHoBoi4- y TAf (44,loh), rrr.rHorreBoi4
y Cr (44,4yo), nr{HorreHosofi- y CXK-I (1,9%). (DparcF, orasanucr IIJI
\wruvq nan6onee 6orarrruu BI,ITaMrrHona
u Cr (45,5 u45,9o/ocoorBercrneHno). @parcqu.rTAf-l o6naAarra oIITI{ManbHbIM cooTHorueHr{eM HeHacbIIueHHbD(
xOIpHhD(KLIcnoTK HacbIIIIeHHbIM(4,6).
B xupuorucJrorHoM cocraBe MacJraoBca creaplrHoBar,
oJreHHoBatlr JII{HoJIeBiuIKI{CJIOTbI
COCTaBnJII{
B CpeAHeM
93,loh, qro He rlporuBopeqrimpaHee[oJr]nreHHbrMAaHHbrM
xtrpHbrx Klrcnor y AHKopa[5]. Coaep)r(aHueHacbrrrleHHbrx
cryrqux rdrpanloilAHbD( vr reKcarrJror{,qHbrxo6pasqon
6ruo Har,r6oneeBbrcoKr{M,rrogroMy oHH Moryr BbrAep)Kr,rBarb Anr{TenbHoexpaHeH}re.Eonrnree KoJrnqecrBoBr.naMr{HaF cogepxalu o6pasrlbr KynbrypHoro BlrgLa.OHu rar)Ke BbrroAHoorJrr{rranncbor o6pasqoB AHKopacryrrIHXBrrCOAeplKaHr{rHeHacbrrrleHHbD(
AOBOBCanO COOTHOIueHITK)
XI{PHbIX
KI,ICNOT K HACbIIqEHHbIM,
TITO .f,BJI'CTCfl BAXHbIM
noKa3areJreMKaqecrBa MacJraoBca r{ u}ruleBofi ueuHocru
ero 3epHa.OnrunaalbHbrMono 6rrno.qrr o6pa3qos r-1914
(4. canariensrs)(5,1), x-l986 (A. murphyi) (5,5)ux-14498
(A. sativaL. var inermis) (5,2).
Oco6ufi r{HTepec r,rMerornoK€Barenr,rcoAepxaHrr.flJr}rHoresofi r.r JurHoJreHosofiKr,rcJror KaK npeAcrasnrerefi
pxga ouera-3 x[pHbrx Kr{cJror.V mAelrnux o6pasrloB coAep)KaHr{eJrr{HoJreeofiKr.rcrorbr Aocrr.rraJro38,8yo (x-473,
A. sterilis), nnnonesonofi KlrcJrorbr- 3,4Vo(x-3, A. hirtul a).
CogepxaHne Jlr,rHoneuonofiKr{cJrorbr,no Harur{MAaHHbrM,
6rno Bbrrrre,rreM B pa6ore [7]. B rccJreAyeuux o6pasqax
cpeAHl,re3HatreH[r BuraMVHaF ue npenbrrrrturnraKoBbrx B
pa6ote [8]. Oraenbnbre o6pasqu r{MeJrnBbrcoKr{e3Harrelavrfl,BnraMlrHa
F (r-473, A. sterilis - 40,50 ).
3aru[oqeHne
I,Iccnegonanwfr,no3BoJrr{Jrr{
BbrAenurb reKcalJror{AHbre
Br,rAbrcpeAH ArrKopacTyrrlHxBHAoBoBca rlo prAy BaxHbrx
[oKa3areJrefi: uacnuqHocrb, Hr,r3Koe
coAepxaul{e HeHacbrITIeHHbD(
)Kr,rpHbrxKHcJroru Qpaxqnn CXK. B csorc o.repeAb, o6paequ KyJrbrypHoroBHAar{Menr{6onrruyro rurqeByrc rleHHocrb rro cpaBHeHrlroc AlrKopacr)[qr{Mr. TanHu
o6patou, cpeAlr o6pagqos rvrnporofi KonneKquu BI,IP MoxHO BbrAeJIr{TbLICTOTTHHKI,T
pa3nnrrHbrx 6uoxnuuqecKax
npH3HaKOB IOBbIIIIeHHOTO KarIeCTBa 3epHa OBCa: BbTCOK{Ifl
MacJrr{rrHocTb, oIITIIMaJIbHOe COOTHOIUeHT4e
HeHaCbrrrIeHHbrx )KHpHbrx KI{cJroT K HacbIIrIeHHbrM, rroBbrlueHHoe coAepxaHue 6uouornqecKr,r arcruniirrx BeulecrB u Ap.
JII,ITEPATYPA
l. Bligh-Dyer. Neutral lipid extraction by the method of Bligh-Dyer
/ / Can.J. Biochem.Physiol.- 1959.-V.37 . -P.922.
2. Hamberg M., Hamberg G. l5(R)-Hydroxylinoleic acid, an oxylipin from oat seeds/ / Photochemistry.- 1996. -V. 42,llb 3. P . 7 2 9- 7 3 2 .
3. Jlocryron LI. I-, 9lreresa 3. B. ArpoHoMuqecKitfln 6uoxlluuqecxzurxaparcrepr,rcrnKa
n{ropacryrlro( o6pasqon orca / / C6. nayqn.
mp. no npuwr. 6om., zen.u cat -1997 . - T. I 5 1.- C. 98 - 106.
4. Banas A., Dahlqvist A. et al. Accumulation of storageproducts in
oat during kernel development // Biochem. Soc. Transact. 2000. - V. 28, part 6. - P. 705 - 707.
5. Zhou M., Robards K., et al. Oat lipids // JAOCS.- 1999.V.76, Ns 2. - P. 159- 169.
6. Zhou M.X., Holmest M. G., et al. Fatty acid composition of lipids of Australian oats // Cereal ,Scr.- 1998. - V.28. P .3 l l - 3 1 9 .
7. Welch R.W., Leggett J. M. Nitrogen content, oil content and oil
composition of oat cultivars (A. sativa) and wild Avena speciesin
relation to nitrogen fertility, yield and partitioning of assimilates
105 -120.
// Cereal,Sci.- 1997.-V.26.-P.
8. Hngosa I1 K., PognonoBaH. A. Ka.recrso roJro3epulrx coproB
oBcaHa Cenepo-3ana4eHe.repnoseMHofisonu PCOCP // Tpydw
no npuKn.6om.,?eH.u
1986.-T. 107.-C. 40 -45.
AleneueaT. 8., rcaud.6uon.Hayx;JleouoeaC. B.;
KonapeeA. 8., dorcrn.6uon.
HryK,npoQeccop;
JlooEmoe n. f, doxm.6uon.HayK,npoQeccop;
Bcepoccuilcrcuil
HI'ILI pacmeHueeodcmea
uat H. H. Baewtoea
RapncouA., down. 6uon.HayK;Cmw C., doxm. 6uon.HayK,npoQeccop;
Illeedcxuil cenbcKoxo3nilcmoeuuufi
yuueepcumem,e.Ananapn
Arpapnar Poccnr. 2006. i& 6
31