For Lakeside Chautauqua Lecture Series Tuesday, June 24, 2014

Transcription

For Lakeside Chautauqua Lecture Series
Tuesday, June 24, 2014
Tasha Perdue, MSW
Doctoral Student– The University of Southern California
Jared S. Rose, MA, LPC/CR, NCC
Licensed Professional Counselor – InnerView Behavioral Care
Doctoral Student – The University of Toledo


Explore examples of sexualizing young girls ranging from
infancy to adolescence
Discuss the ramifications of pop culture obsession with
child sexualization for
o the individual,
o women & girls, and
o society as a whole

Provide suggestions for how to combat the pop culture
influence
Perdue, T., & Rose, J. S. (2014b)
1
Awareness – television alone
 The
American Psychological Association (APA)
reports sexualization of girls as young as 4 years
old
 By age 70, youth will spend 7 to 10 years of their
life watching television
 Inside a teens bedroom:
o More than 70% have a TV
o 50% have a VCR/DVD player
o 50% have a game system
o 1/3 have computer and internet access
APA, 2010
Awareness – television alone (cont.)
 Sexual
content appears in more than 75% of
prime-time TV shows
o Risks of sexual behavior present in only 14% of sexual
incidents
 What
is being advertised?
o Erectile-dysfuntion medication
o Alcohol
 What
isn’t?
o Birth control
o Condoms
o Emergency contraceptives



American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 2010
The average 8 to 10 year old will spend 8 hours per day
engaged in media.
This jumps to 11 hours per day for children 11 years older
For teens:
o 75% own a cell phone
• Easy, un-restricted access to the entire internet
o 88% use text (notice the 13% that use someone else’s
phone to send texts)
o 3,364 avg. number of texts per month
• 50% of teens texting send 50 texts or more per day
AAP, 2013
2
Conflicting Messages
 Girls
receive conflicting messages:
o Be sexy
o Others want to look at you
o You need to look certain ways
• Usually of the Caucasian ideal
 Compared
to:
o You are a slut if you act sexual
o Don’t have sex outside of marriage
o Be ashamed of being sexual
Durham, 2008

You can begin to sexualize your child before you even leave
the delivery room with these type of infant onesies:
o I’m sexy and I know it
o I’m bringing sexy back
o I’m with the MILF
• (i.e. mother’s I’d like to fuck)
o Can I get some fries with that shake?
o My daddy and I are both boob men
• (i.e. feeding on breasts)
3

This is big business!
250,000 children compete in over 5,000 pageants every year
Parents commonly spend up to $70,000 a year in this industry.

Expenses go beyond registration fees, they also include:


o Consistently in debt, often foregoing things such as mortgage payments
to pay for child contestant needs
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Travel
Publicity photos (with airbrushing)
Costuming
Trainers and/or publicists
Fake hair
Fake teeth (i.e.“flappers”)
Fake tan
Fake nails
Fake eye-lashes
Canning & Hoffman, 2009;
Hollandsworth, 2011; Liberman, 2010
 Ever
seen a 1-year old
with breasts?




 Or
how about the
before/after of a
beauty pageant photo
shoot?
An example to illustrate the pageant industry
Now in it’s 6th season on The Learning Channel (TLC)
Follows specific girls, their families, and the pageant circuit
The show is but one example of thrusting young girls into
the limelight – they are broadcasted, tweeted about, and
have their photos posted all over the internet
4
 The
girls have full
costumes and fake
enhancements to
almost every part of
their body in order to
look like older versions
of themselves


In defense of her daughter
being dressed as one of
the prostitution outfits
from Pretty Woman, the
mother of this little girl
indicated “Who cares? It’s
just fun!”
Paisley Dickey was 3-years
old at the time
Cooper, 2011a
5



Pageant days can last 12
hours or more
Too keep energy levels up,
these girls are often kept on
high doses of sugar including
pixie sticks (i.e. ‘pageant
crack’)

Mom defends the ‘go-go juice’
on the basis that
1.
2.
All pageant girls are on high
doses of sugar, and
All parents give their kids sugar
on any given day
First grader contestant
(shown here) Alana
Thompson’s mother has her
hooked on her special ‘Go-go
Juice’ – which contains sugar
in the form of candy,
Mountain Dew, and Red Bull
Canning & Behrendt, 2012
 2-year old Sammi Jo’s mother
demonstrates how to pose while doing her
own photo shoot
 “If
someone is seeing
my child in a sexy way
then there is
something wrong with
them, not my child.” –
Susanna Barrett
Cooper, 2011b
6
Dance Moms


Contestants range from 6
to 13 years old
One of the most
controversial episodes
involved the girls in nude
spandex outfits for a
showgirls routine

“The audience should think that you are nude…
Shake it like a man can’t afford you.”
– Abbey Lee Miller, Choreographer
McKay, 2012; Murray, 2012
Dance Moms (cont.)

“I’m listening to the audience hoot and holler at my 10year old, and I have never been so mortified.”
–Mother of a contestant
O’Conner, 2012
7

Classes provided for girls
as young as 3-years old
o Unclear if, after
investigation by Children
Services Board in 2011, if
as young as 3 are still
possible, but they are still
conducted for
adolescence (younger
than teens)

“The children will innocently enjoy copying the raunchy moves they
learn, but be completely unaware of the sexual messages these
send out which inevitably can have dangerous results.”
–Carly Wilford, Owner
Gilgamesh, 2011; Kelly, 2011
 Girls
as young as 7
performing songs such as
“Single Ladies (Put a Ring
on It)” by Beyoncé for
competitions
Dance troops “Dance Precision” and “Next Generation” can be seen on YouTube
1.
2.
Stripper pole for 11
years old and younger
Bratz “Twiins” line –
Roxxi & Phoebi –
prostitute infants
Morrow, 2011
8
3.
American Eagle & Abercrombie & Fitch’s line of push-up
bras for girls as young as 7-years old
o The “Drew” and “Ashley” lines boast being able to add up to 2
cup sizes
4.
Abercrombie & Fitch’s thongs for 7-year olds
o Included phrase such “Wink, Wink” and “Eye Candy”
5.
6.
Morrow, 2011
Fake lower-body (i.e.
“tramp-stamp”) tattoos for
girls as young as toddlers
Playboy school supplies
Morrow, 2011
7.
Virgin waxing kits that are
intended to start at age 8
Morrow, 2011
9
Teen Plastic Surgery

More than 219,000 cosmetic procedures were done on patients aged 18
and younger in 2008
o Common types of plastic surgery teens choose include:
•
•
•
•
•


Nose jobs,
correction of protruding ears,
too-large breasts,
asymmetrical breasts, and
scarring caused by acne or injuries
Reasons for surgery
o Bullying
o Increase self-esteem
o Increase appearance
Little Baby Face Foundation
o Non-profit established to provide plastic surgery to bullied teens
• Clip--- Youth went in for her ears to be pinned back
• Surgeon recommended that she also get her nose and chin done
even though patient never mentioned those features
Gardner, 2012
Why is she so happy?
Hagan and
Ghebremedhin,
2011
10
Teen Implants


In 2010, there were 4,153 breast augmentation procedures
performed on girls 18 and under, 1.3% percent of the total
number of breast augmentation procedures
The reasons for surgery were:
o 47% - Cosmetic Bilateral Breast Augmentation;
o 19% - Severe Asymmetry;
o 10% - Poland's Syndrome (congenital absent breast);
o 10% - Tubular breast Deformity;
o 11% - Congenital Micromastia (severe underdevelopment);
o

3% - Other
No studies on the effect getting implants for this age range,
so risks are unknown
American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2012
Any Wonder?
Teen Online Rating System

Facebook’s “Most Beautiful Teenager” page

Rating System
o Teens upload pictures (often sexually dressed) of themselves to get rated
o 250 likes = OKAY
o 500 likes = PRETTY
o 1,000 likes = BEAUTIFUL
o 10,000 likes = MOST BEAUTIFUL
In 2 days went up from
467,916 likes * 499,176 talking about this
o 100,000 likes = OUT OF THIS WORLD

Adult men and boys comment and critique these pictures

Comment examples include:
o Yes! Adult men commenting on teens
o “My hubby thinks she’s cute”
o “I would rip you to shreds”
o “I just came”
11
Teen “Toxing”
 Teens
ages 13 to 19 had over 12,000 Botox
injections in 2009
o A 2% increase from 2008
 Some
with multiple injections
procedures were performed on 18 and
under in 2009
 12,110
o Compared to 8,1194 in 2008
 Used
 Used
as a “preventative” measure
to secure “living doll” image
American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2012;
Whitelock, 2012
Child “Toxing”

“It’s pretty much the thing. I’m
not the only one that’s doing it.
A lot of moms do it. And I think
a lot of the kids making a big
impression on them the lines
on their face and stuff I think
influenced and made her want
to do it.” – Mother of 8-year old
Golodrya and Ennis, 2010
Why?

Young is in
o Message in society that
young is beautiful, so 50
year old women want the
skin of 15 year olds
o Teens and youth are
becoming concerned about
staying young
o Societal acceptance of the
idea that youth are sexy and
are seen as sexual objects
o Youth are made to look like
sexual figures
o Women then try to “childify”
themselves
Dunham, 2008; Olfman,2009
12
Both 15
1980

2008
You wanna know what comes between
me and my Calvins? Nothing.”

Model manipulated into pose
MEN & BOYS
Video Games – Grand Theft Auto





75% of 12 to 16 year old boys have
played this game
Can sleep with, or beat up, a
prostitute for extra health
Need to pay for their services, but
you can kill them when you are
done and get your money back
There are also ‘pimping missions’
where the women will pay the
player instead
In GTA IV you can pay:
o $20 for a handjob
o $50 for a blowjob
o $70 for sex
GTA.Wikia.com
13
Video Games – Others







Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball
Leisure Suit Larry
Hitman: Blood Money
Playboy: the Mansion
Dream Stripper 3D
Rapelay
Video game where the object of the game is to
rape.
o
o


Images for the game are exceptionally graphic,
and depict extreme violence.
It was banned for sale but can still be found on-line.
70% of 9 to 16 year olds report playing M-rated games
50% of parents do not understand the game rating systems
Olfman, 2009
 In
Hollywood, pimp
means:
o Money
o Jewelry
o Women
o Fame

In reality, pimp means:
o Taking away the rights of
another.
o Enslaving someone.
o Treating someone like
property.
o Benefiting from the sale
of another person.
14
 1960’s
campaign
selling men’s suits
 The ‘collector’ can now
obtain the full
collection of print
advertisements on
eBay.
 Note the progression in
imagery…
15
Pseudo-Child Pornography

1996 Child Porn Prevention Act Declared Unconstitutional
The Free Speech Coalition which lobbies for the porn industry contested; the Supreme
Court ruled in favor because the definition was too broad
Any visual depiction that appears to be a minor engaging in sexually explicit content
o The ruling was narrowed to cover images in which the person had to actually be under
the age of 18
o
o

Pseudo-Child Pornography:
o
Legal because the person is over 18, but women are made to look as younger girls
o Use props such as:
•
•
•
•

Teddy bears
Lollipops
Removal of pubic hair
Acting as timid or inexperienced
In 2006, “teen sex” would produce 14 million results in an internet
search
o
Today it produces 422 million (in .15 seconds)
Olfman, 2009
Pseudo-Child Pornography Types


Violated by men acting as authority figures over them or
even have scenarios of child molesters
Types of PCP porn:
o Taking of innocence: Bloody Virgins, First Time Sex, Real Virgins,
Defloration
o Solo performers
o Gonzo porn- very violent with adjectives like “break,” “rip,” “tear,”
and “split” orifices
o Teen as babysitter
o Incestual pornography: Daddy’s Whore, “sexy naughty girls seducing
own fathers”, First Time With Daddy
o Even instructional videos as with the Cherry Poppers series
Olfman, 2009
Youth & Pornography
 34%
of 10 to 17 year olds had unwanted exposure
to pornography in 2006
 The average age for a boy to first download porn is
11
 Girls are now being asked to emulate more things
found in pornography
Olfman, 2009
16
Pornography Viewpoint

Once taboo practices are becoming more mainstream:
o Double penetration
o Double anal
o Double vaginal
o Ass-to-mouth

Max Hardcore:
o “Nowadays, almost every woman is completely shaved….
o and they’re all into getting throat-fucked and ass-gaped…
o Women are much more understanding and aware of their true
purpose in life than ever before….
o That purpose, of course, is to be receptacles of love;
o in other words fuck dolls.”
Olfman, 2009
 Psychological
harm, and potential for sexual abuse,
are very real possibilities with the sexualization of
children
 Children learn quickly, and it becomes embedded
in their understanding of the world, that girls are
intended for purely sexual reasons
o Both girls and boys learn this
 Some
of the products discussed continue this
belief even for adults where display pedophilia as
acceptable
17

In the cases of infant and toddler beauty pageants, research has shown
damaging effects include:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
View self almost exclusively as value seen by others
A non-genuine persona
Please others even if you don’t want to
Do something like sing or dance when you don’t feel you can leads to
embarrassment and constant competition with others
Depression
Anxiety
Eating disorders
Substance-related disorders
Paranoid tendencies (‘no other girl here is your friend’)
Histrionic behaviors (tears get you what you want; people will faun all over you)
Lack of social skills (all week you are in training – no “usual” interaction with
other kids)
Lack of learning health parenting styles from your parents
Attract unwanted attention when your mother posts pictures of you on the
internet
Body image issues up-to-and-including potential for body dysmorphic disorder
Denied “normal” childhood
Grosaru, 2011a; 2011b
What are We Doing to Women & Girls?
 Girls
as sexual objects
of the “male gaze”
 Concept
o Women as object for men
 Rape
Culture
o A predicted 1 in 4 women in the United States will be
raped by a man
 Concepts
that:
o All women at all times want sex from men
o Women like all sexual acts that men perform or demand
o Any women who resists can easily be turned on with
force
 Normalization of
violence
Mulvey, 1975; Olfman, 2009
Societal Sexuality vs. Sexualization
 According
to the APA there are four
conditions of sexualization:
o A person’s value comes only from his or her sexual
appeal or behavior, to the exclusion of other
characteristics;
o A person is held to a standard that equates physical
attractiveness (narrowly defined) with being sexy;
o A person is sexually objectified — that is, made into a
thing for others’ sexual use, rather than seen as a
person with the capacity for independent action and
decision making; and/or
o Sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon a person
APA, 2010
18


Instill value beyond the physical/sexual!
Talk openly and honestly with your kids!
o “Kids are more connected to their parents than the media, so your
message has more power…… You don't need to have all the
answers; simply acknowledging the pressures your child is facing is
enough. The goal is to keep the lines of communication open so
that when bigger issues come up, your child will feel safe talking
with you.” – Lyn Mikel Brown

Don’t shy away from tough topics
o Initial instinct may be to try and avoid “harping” on behavior (e.g.
wearing something sexual to school), but instead of focusing only on
what not to do – focus on positives such as what is the motivation
behind it, what their friends do to overcome similar feelings, etc.
Lamb & Brown, 2007; Olsen, 2012
 Set
boundaries, both for your kids and for yourself
o Especially true for use of media!
o For example infant & toddler beauty pageants:
• Spending time with mom, having a hobby, learning dedication,
etc. are all good things for kids!
• But a line should be drawn when it consumes a child’s life
and/or puts them in the limelight for potential abusers
o For example, limit and monitor media consumption; the
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends:
• No television viewing for those 2 years old or younger
• For older children, no more than 1-2 hours of educational,
nonviolent programs
AAP, 2013;
• Monitor Internet, cell phone, and video game usage
APA, 2010
19
 Parental
questions:
o What do you like about your female friends?
o Do these qualities matter more than how they look?
o Why do you like that (show, song, outfit, toy)?
o How does that make you feel?
 Parental
considerations:
o Discuss qualities that do not revolve around looks
o Encourage other activities and interests and praise
these talents and skills
o Discuss sex and your thoughts on sex
o Consider your own choices
AAP, 2009

Packaging Girlhood: Rescue our Daughters from Marketing Schemes

The Lolita Effect

So Sexy So Soon: The New Sexualized Childhood and What Parents Can
Do

The Sexualization of Childhood

The American Psychological Association (APA) Report on the
Sexualization of Girls

Cinderella Ate My Daughter: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the New
Girlie-Girl Culture
o Sharon Lamb & Lyn Mikel Brown,2007
o M.Gigi Durham,2008
o Diane Levin & Jean Kilbourne,2008
o Sharna Olfman, 2009
o APA, 2010
o Peggy Orenstein, 2011
20
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2009). Caring for your baby and young child: birth to age 5.
HealthyChildren.org. Retrieved from: http://www.healthychildren.org/english/family-life/media/pages/Where-We-StandTV-Viewing-Time.aspx?nfstatus= 401&nftoken =00000000- 0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=
ERROR%3a +No+local+token
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2010). Policy statement: Media education. Pediatrics, 125(5). Retrieved from:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/ 2010/09/27/peds.2010-1636.full.pdf+html
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2013). Children, adolescents, and the media. Retrieved from:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/10/24/peds.2013-2656
American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2010). Report of the APA task force on the
sexualization of girls. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report.aspx
American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2012). Teens and plastic surgery. Retrieved from: www.surgery.org/
media/news-releases/teens-and-plastic-surgery
Canning, A., & Hoffman, J. (2009, August 13). Former child beauty queen speaks out. ABCNews.com. Retrieved from
http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/beauty-queen-takes-gma-scenes-pageants/story?id=8315785#.UCU3eaPAHyI%29
Canning, A., & Behrendt, T. (2012, February 8). ‘Toddlers and tiaras’ controversy: Mom defends feeding daughter ‘pageant
crack’. ABCNews.com. Retrieved from http:// abcnews.go.com/blogs/lifestyle/2012/02/toddler-and-tiaras-controversymom-defends-giving-daughter-caffeine-pageant-crack/
Cooper, A. (Producer & Host). (2011a, October 19). ‘Toddlers and tiaras’ moms defend child beauty pageants. In M.
Richards (Episode Producer), Anderson Live. New York, NY: Columbia Broadcasting System.
Cooper, A. (Producer & Host). (2011b, October 20). Are child beauty pageants sexualizing children? In M. Richards
(Episode Producer), Anderson Live. New York, NY: Columbia Broadcasting System.
Durham, M.G. (2008). The Lolita Effect: The media sexualization of young girls and what we can do about it. Woodstock, NY:
The Overlook Press Peter Mayer Publishers, Inc.
Gardner, S. S. (2012). Teen health: Teens and plastic surgery. WebMD.com. Retrieved from: http://teens.webmd.com/
teens-plastic-surgery
21
Golodryga, B., & Ennis, D. (2010, August 13). Botox: New trend for teenage girls. ABCNews.com. Retrieved from:
www.abcnews.go.com/GMA/Beauty/Secrets/botox-trend-teen-girls/story? id= 11393081#.UFFK-a43gTB
Grand Theft Auto Wiki. (nd). Prostitutes. GTA.Wikia.com. Retrieved from: www.gta. wikia.com/ prostitutes
Grosaru, L. (2011a, June 8). Toddlers and children beauty pageants: Risk factors for severe psychological turmoils.
Psychology Today: Everyday Psychology. Retrieved from http://psychologycorner.com/toddlers-and-children-beautypageants-%E2%80%93-risk-factors-for-severe-psychological-turmoils/
Grosaru, L. (2011b, September). Sexualizing your child is not playing dress up: Parents and child beauty pageants.
Psychology Today: Everyday Psychology. Retrieved from http:// psychologycorner.com/ sexualizing-your-child-is-notplaying-dress-up-parents-and-child-beauty-pageants/
Hagan, K., Hunn, S., & Ghebremedhin, S. (2011, May 12). Mom gives botox to 8-year-old-daughter: How young is too young?
ABCNews.com. Retrieved from: www.abcnews.go.com/health/mom-year-old-daughter-botox-young-young/story?id=
13580804#.UFFOHa43gTA
Hartung, E. (1922). The flappers dictionary. As reprinted by The Havemann Family History Center. Retrieved from
http://www.havemann.com/flappers_dictionary.html
Hollandsworth, S. (2011, September). Toddlers in tiaras. Good Housekeeping. Retrieved from
http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/ family/parenting-tips/toddler-pageants-5
Kelly, T. (2011, June 13). The classes where children as young as three learn to pole dance. MailOnline. Retrieved from
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2002697/Little-Spinners-pole-dancing-classes-children-young-THREE.html
Levin, D., & Kilbourne, J. (2008). So sexy so soon: The new sexualized childhood and what parents can do to protect their
kids. New York, NY: Ballantine Books
Lamb, S., & Brown, L. M. (2007). Packaging Girlhood: Rescue our Daughters from Marketing Schemes. New York, NY: St.
Martin Press.
Liberman, L. (2010). Protecting pageant princesses: A call for statutory regulations of child beauty pageants. Journal of Law
and Policy, 18(2), 739-774.
McKay, K. (2012, March 9). Dance moms ‘nude’ dance routine episode playground for pedophiles, experts say.
FOXNews.com. Retrieved from: www.foxnews.com/ entertainment/2012/03/09/dance-moms-dance-routine-episodeplayground-for-pedophiles-experts-say/
Morrow, D. (2011, July 4). 8 weirdly sexual products you won’t believe are for kids. Cracked.com. Retrieved from
http://www.cracked.com/article_19288_8-weirdly-sexual-products-you-wont-believe-are-kids.html
Mulvey, Laura. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18.
Murray, R. (2012, March 8). Dance moms worried by racy routine. NYDailyNews.com. Retrieved from:
www.articles.nydailynews.com/2012-03-08/news/31137612_ 1_mothers-dance-students-toddlers
O’Conner, M. (2012, March 23). Here’s the TV episode about 8-year-old ‘topless showgirls’ yanked off the air. Gawker.com.
Retrieved from: www.gawker.com/5895847/heres-the-tv-episode-about-8+year+old-topless-showgirls-yanked-off-the-air
Olfman, S. (2009). The sexualization of childhood. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
22
Olsen, D. P. (2012, May 31). Having the sex talk: Is your tween too sexy too soon? CNN.com. Retrieved from
http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/30/living/tweens-sexy-too-soon/index.html ?hpt=hp_t2
Orenstein, P. (2011). Cinderella ate my daughter: Dispatches from the front lines of the new girlie-girl culture. New York, NY:
HarperCollins Publishers.
Whitelocks, S. (2012, March 29). Meet the real-life Barbies: Internet craze sees teenagers turn themselves into freakish
living dolls. Dailymail.Co.UK. Retrieved from http:// www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2122177/Meet-real-life-BarbiesInternet-craze-sees-teenagers-turn-freakish-living-dolls.html
23

For Lakeside Chautauqua Lecture Series Tuesday, June 24, 2014

Transcription

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