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MasterDocument

AMERICAN RED CROSS
Water and Sanitation Needs Assessment
Phase I : Phuket Province, Thailand
Table of Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................5
Methodology .................................................................................................................7
Executive Summary......................................................................................................9
Kathu District ..............................................................................................................11
Overview................................................................................................................................. 11
Matrix...................................................................................................................................... 12
Villages / Schools.................................................................................................................... 14
Muang District.............................................................................................................30
Overview................................................................................................................................. 30
Matrix...................................................................................................................................... 32
Thalang District...........................................................................................................46
Overview................................................................................................................................. 46
DTRAC – Disaster Tracking Recovery Assistance Center
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2
Appendix
I. Kathu District
Patong Municipality
The Report of Assistance for the Tsunami-Affected People…………………………..…ii
Effects of the Tsunami in Kamala Sub-district……………………………………………. v
Surveys:
Patong Municipal Office…………………………………………………………………….vii
Municipal Pre-School Patong………………………………………………………………. x
Ban Kathu School………………………………………………………………………….. xiii
Ban Thong School………………………………………………………………………… xvii
II. Muang District
Phuket Provincial Education Office
Water Resources Budget…………………………………………………………………. xxi
Report on the Progress of Construction and Repair……………………………………xxii
Schools in need of Toilets and Bathrooms…………………………………………….. xxiii
Schools Needing Improvements to Their Water System…………………………….. xxiv
Information of Tsunami-Affected Students ……………………………………………..xxv
Contact Details for Schools in Phuket…………………………………………………. xxvii
Surveys
Phuket Provincial Office………………………………………………………………… xxxii
Ban Laem Tukkae……………………………………………………………………… xxxvii
Ban Koh Mapraow School…………………………………………………………………. xl
Koh Loan School………………………………………………………………………….. xliv
III. Thalang District
Choeng Talay SAO
Summary of the Effects of the Tsunami in Choeng Talay Sub-district……………… xlix
Surveys
Choeng Talay SAO…………………………………………………………………………... l
Mai Khao SAO……………………………………………………………………………… liv
Tah Chat Chai……………………………………………………………………………… lix
Ban Koh Wat Mai School………………………………………………………………… lxiv
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3
Appendix
IV. DDPM
Damage and Effects of the Tsunami…………………………………………………… lxix
List of Coordinators in Water and Sanitation…………………………………………. lxxiv
V. NGO Surveys and Supplements:
Contact Information …………………………………………………………………… lxxvi
Habitat for Humanity……………………………………………………………………. lxxvii
Asia Center Foundation………………………………………………………………… lxxxi
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4
Introduction
The American Red Cross, in partnership with the World Wildlife Fund, is currently transitioning to
longer-term recovery programs throughout Thailand’s tsunami-affected provinces. The
identification of villages, schools, pre-schools and health facilities with water and sanitation needs
is fundamental to carrying-out the organization’s long-term fresh water supply and waste disposal
initiatives.
D-TRAC’s role has been to provide insight into the varying degrees of need that still exist in
affected communities 1 ½ years after the tsunami ravaged the Thai coastline. After conducting
intensive field research in both Ranong and Phuket Provinces, D-TRAC’s research team has
identified communities and schools throughout each province that are in need of water and
sanitation assistance.
In accordance with the American Red Cross Tsunami Recovery Program Interim Strategy, the
IFRC Code of Conduct, and the American Red Cross Tsunami Recovery Program Beneficiary
Statement, D-TRAC’s Water and Sanitation Needs Assessment for Ranong and Phuket
Provinces aims to provide a baseline to assist the American Red Cross in determining the areas
of greatest need.
D-TRAC visited provincial, district and sub-district offices, as well as government agencies and
NGOs. The team identified and interviewed NGOs active in Ranong and Phuket Provinces that
are either involved in water and sanitation projects or those that work in the provinces and have
knowledge about specific village issues. Once villages were identified through these sources,
D-TRAC visited a representative sample of affected communities and schools during which we
interviewed key informants at these locations.
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5
Trends
Through our field research in both Ranong and Phuket Provinces, water and sanitation issues at
health stations remained unmentioned in all of our interviews. We are uncertain if these
differences are due to health facilities having a different funding chain compared to that of
schools and therefore we were unable to assess any of these facilities. All of D-TRAC’s needs
assessments in Ranong and Phuket are at villages and schools.
D-TRAC visited four villages and four schools in Ranong Province as well as six schools and two
villages in Phuket. All of there villages and schools were in need of water and sanitation
assistance. Phuket schools seemed well organized ; the Provincial Office of Education in Phuket
Town has hosted a number of coordination meetings in order to address school needs with other
aid organizations in the post-tsunami context. Many of these school were able to provide us with
specific needs, such as measurements of pipelines or how many liters of water a new storage
tank must hold. Ranong schools were a bit more vague, although needs were still expressed.
Each school visited was indirectly affected by the tsunami, therefore none of the facilities in
disrepair were impacted by the actual wave but rather just old and in need of maintenance.
Some of the schools recommended to us are located on islands which were directly affected,
however due to the weather we were unable to visit. As a general theme, bathroom facilities in
both Ranong and Phuket schools were decades old, with toilets, doors, pipes and washing
stations inadequate or not maintained over the years. The same can be said for rainwater
catchment systems and water storage tanks. Nearly every school we visited in Ranong Province
had the same type of large, concrete water catchment tanks, and all were generally in disrepair
and therefore unused. All of these schools experience water issues in the dry season. It would
be advantageous for all to have these structures repaired or replaced.
Another general trend throughout both provinces was the issue of boreholes. If a borehole
existed on the grounds of the village or school, we were often told that it was drilled many years
ago and currently sits unused because it draws brackish or contaminated water. Some
government offices also provided us with a different reason why boreholes or wells haven’t been
used in years, villagers don’t want to pay for the electricity to run the pump. IN Ranong boreholes
for villages and schools would be an ideal water source, however the issue is maintenance after
the hole is drilled and pump/filters installed. Many villages and schools do not provide for this
upkeep once water systems are constructed.
We were informed by the Director of the Phuket Department for Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation (DDPM) that they do not want any boreholes drilled in Phuket because it is an island;
they’d rather see more rainwater catchment systems being used throughout the province. The
director also added that DDPM would ideally like to construct reverse osmosis systems
throughout the province. He inquired about ARC’s ability to build dams.
D-TRAC interviewed Khun Somsak Isarankura, Senior Policy and Planning Analyst from the
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) in Bangkok. We learned that MENR has
postponed their borehole drilling in the provinces because a King’s Project has recently taken
precedence. However, even if they were to continue drilling, the only way they’d be able to work
in villages is if they were to be invited by the local sub-district office. Thai government structure
ensures that the Ministry cannot bypass local government, so the sub-district office would have to
first request assistance. The only locations MENR can drill without invitation are national parks.
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6
Methodology
Each tsunami-affected village / school report will include the following information
(if provided and able to be gathered):
o
Location (address)
o
Name of party that recommended the school or village
o
References to surveys and statistics that were cited in report
o
GPS Coordinates (UTM)
o
Tsunami background and makeup of village / school
o
Water and Sanitation Needs
o
Wish List - rehabilitation of facilities, installation of systems, items needs
o
Visuals of village / school facilities
Location
Location will always be listed with the village name first, followed by its corresponding Moo
number, sub-district, and district. The province name will only be included when comparing or
listing locations from different provinces.
Example:
Village
Moo Number
Sub-district
District
Province
Ban Talay Nok
Moo 1
Kampuan
Suk Samran
Ranong
Each individual village or school report will have the following heading:
o
Ex. - Ban Talay Nok, Moo 1, Kampuan, Suk Samran
Village / School Recommendations
Each write-up will include the names of the organizations or offices that provided D-TRAC with
information on beneficiary communities, villages, and schools. At times, the report will also
include “Villages Mentioned.” This is included when an informant named a particular location but
was unsure if there were actual water or sanitation needs at that site. We frequently heard the
names of certain villages or schools, and would then decide to pursue further investigation based
on that information.
Note: Please refer to the Addendum to see which villages were “mentioned” by additional
organizations.
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7
Supporting Documents
Each village / school report will have a list of supporting documents. This list will help the reader
to locate the primary and secondary source material used in creating each report. All referenced
material is located in the appendix and includes the following:
o
Surveys with raw information and contact details
o
Secondary source materials that provide:
o Statistics on tsunami-affected districts / sub-districts
o Maps
o Excel spreadsheets
o Any additional information provided by informant
Matrix
The matrices will be located after each district overview. The purpose of each matrix is to serve
as a simple visual tool to provide the reader with an easy overview of the water and sanitation
needs in each school and village. Each “X” represents a need that was identified through
interviews or site visits. Although X’s identify certain needs they do not indicate the degree of
need. Please refer to the village and school write-ups for more information.
Note: Villages and schools visited in person will generally have a higher number of Xs due to our
increased ability to identify specific needs while there on-site.
Glossary
Ban = Village
DAO = District Administrative Organization; district office
Moo = Moo is short for Moo Bahn, which is a geographical area within a sub-district. This area
can have more than one village. Each Moo is assigned a number which is also
sometimes referred to as a “village number.” The Moo number is often used by Thais
instead of the actual village name; this is because there can be several villages with the
same name, but they will have different numbers. Because of this, we have included the
Moo number along with the village name.
PAO = Provincial Administrative Organization; provincial office
SAO = Sub-district Administrative Organization; sub-district office
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Executive Summary
According to Phuket Province’s Department for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM), the
province suffered 279 deaths and well over 1,000 people were injured when the December 26,
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami struck Phuket’s coastline.
Throughout the province, sixty-one villages sustained various levels of damage from the wave.
Phuket’s tourism industry was deeply affected in a number of ways, from actual property damage
to losing approximately 30 million baht from canceled tourist visits to the island. Thousands of
locals lost their livelihoods, and nearly 170 children lost one or both parents.
Although Phuket has received millions of baht in aid to assist with re-development, particular
schools and villages are still in great need of additional water and sanitation assistance. D-TRAC
witnessed funding discrepancies between schools throughout Phuket and visited oftenoverlooked villages that seem to be a world away from the island’s wealthy and tourist beach
communities.
Our team was able to secure a meeting at the Provincial Education Office in Phuket Town with
three school directors from Koh Mapraow School, Ban Koh Loan School, both in Muang District
and Ban Koh Wat Mai School in Thalang District. Each director’s contact information is on their
school’s survey located in the appendix.
In many government offices visited staff were c onvinced that all schools and villages in Phuket
had received adequate aid in the aftermath of the tsunami. We were sent to numerous
government locations before we received answers to our questions. Many offices, such as the
Department of Social Services, the Phuket Provincial Office, and Muang District Office all sent us
to the Phuket Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (see DDPM contact information
located in appendix). Kathu District Office sent us directly to Patong Municipality without even
attempting to provide assistance. These types of searches were common during our week in
Phuket.
D-TRAC visited six schools and two villages throughout the province that are in need of water
and sanitation assistance. Through material collected during our research, we have also
identified a number of other schools in need of similar assistance. Refer to the district-by-district
matrices to get a quick view of all of the reported water and sanitation needs of schools and
villages throughout Phuket Province.
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W: www.d-trac.org
9
KATHU
DISTRICT
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Kathu District
Overview
Kathu District was greatly affected by the December
26, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Patong Municipality
is located within Kathu District and sustained some of
the greatest damage throughout the entire province.
From large hotel enterprises to beach hut “mom-andpop shops”, all were destroyed. With this came the
loss of livelihoods, property, and vehicles.
Upon visiting the Kathu District Office, we were notified
that they wouldn’t be able to help us; we’d have to go
see the Patong Municipal Office. We followed their
instructions and found the Municipality to be very
helpful. The Municipal Clerk provided us with escorts
to the Patong’s Municipal Pre-school’s two sites and
the following day we independently visited Ban Kathu
and Ban Thung Thong Schools. The Municipal Preschool has not received assistance outside of
government-funded aid, and the remaining two schools both have had water storage tanks
donated by Siam Commercial Bank and the private company, Amway. All three schools ideally
need more toilets and sinks constructed, or have existing ones rehabilitated.
Most schools and villages receive water through the Provincial Waterworks Authority, and in the
dry season this access is sometimes limited to a few hours a day. Water usage is metered per
unit and paid to the Waterworks Authority. Villages in Patong Municipality also get their water
from gravity-fed systems from nearby mountains and the Ban Wad Dam located in Kathu.
We also visited the Kamala SAO but were informed that the district is wealthy and really has less
than a minimal need for water and sanitation assistance at this time. The Kamala SAO escorted
us to the Kamala Child Development Center which was relocated and rebuilt in a residential
neighborhood. Water towers and storage facilities will need to be constructed here in the near
future, however we quickly learned that the school can afford to build these structures from
private donations and assistance from ADRA and Bangkok Phuket Hospital.
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Matrix
Villages in Kathu District
Patong
Sub-district
Village
Location
Kathu
Moo 2
Ban Thung Thong
Ban Kathu
School Site 2
School
School
X
X
Had Patong
School Site 1
Kathu
Moo 7
Borehole
Drill borehole
Install pump/filter system
Rehabilitate existing borehole system
Connect borehole to pipelines
Wells
Drill well
Deepen existing well
Install a pump/filter system
Reservoir
Deepen reservoir
Clear reservoir of sand/silt
Bathrooms
Repair
X
Construct new
X
X
Connect bathrooms to water system
X
Install new septic tanks
X
Sinks
Install / construct sinks
Repair sinks / taps
X
X
X
X
Connect sinks to water system
Drainage
Cover plates for drains
Construct drainage system
Install drainage system
Repair drainage system
X
Storm drains
Treatment
Organic waste
Waste water
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12
Patong
Sub-district
Village
Kathu
Had Patong
Location
School Site 1
School Site 2
Kathu
Moo 7
Moo 2
Ban Thung Thong
Ban Kathu
School
School
X
X
Rainwater Catchment / Water Storage
Repair water storage system
Repair water tower
Repair or install water storage tanks
Connect water storage tanks to school bathrooms / households
Construct water tower
X
Replace concrete rainwater catchments / water storage containers for schools
Repair or Install concrete water storage containers for households
Corrugated metal roofs to catch rainwater and gutter system
Install plastic gutter system
Lids / covers for water storage containers
Water Systems
Pipelines
X
Supply lines
Water filters / filtration system
Install / construct water system
X
Connect school / village to municipal water system
Sanitation
Construct / create sanitation system
Garbage bins needed
X
Other
Funding / logistical assistance
Water quality
TOTAL
4
3
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5
13
Villages / Schools
Ban Kathu School, Moo 2, Kathu, Kathu
GPS Coordinates:
47 N 0427775
UTM 0874624
Recommended by:
Patong Municipal Office
Supporting Documents:
Patong Municipal Office survey
Overview
Ban Kathu School was deeply affected by the tsunami, albeit not directly. Twenty children were
orphaned when the tsunami struck, and many children’s parents lost jobs through the destruction
of beach-side retail stalls, hotels, and vehicles.
The school receives water deliveries by the Provincial Waterworks Authority. This water comes
from the Bang Wad Dam in Kathu and is used by the school for both washing and drinking after
filtration. Since the school’s water is delivered at all times, there is no problem with their water
supply in the dry season. There is an existing borehole on the school campus but it has not been
used in many years; the water pumped from this hole was reported to be too dirty and salty to
use, and since their water supply from the local dam is sufficient, they do not want it rehabilitated.
The school has two sets of four concrete rainwater catchments but only one in each set can
currently hold water due to faulty pipe connections between the four tanks. The metal gutters
which catch the rainwater from the roof have many holes because of rusting. The two individual
rainwater catchments located at the front of the school are also old, leaking, and need to be
replaced.
The pre-school students use two western-style toilets and two urinals. Due to pipe blockages, the
toilets have become dirty and unsanitary. Located in this bathroom facility are also four sinks
(each with tap) that are in good working order.
Five to eleven-year-old students use two very old bathrooms that are in need of repair. The sink
is completely broken and has no water supply. The teachers’ bathroom is old yet functional; it is
also in need of repair. The floors of all bathrooms have cracks and dirty water has collected as a
result. Most toilet seats and bathroom doors are broken and need replacement. There are also
four other toilets that are damaged and completely blocked off for use.
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Three sinks in a science classroom need replacement.
completely broken and the pipes are beyond repair.
Two of their taps are
Stormwater drains are kept clear, but the school does, however, experience flooding at the front
of the school when it rains. Waste water is generally carried away by cement drainage pipes and
joins the village drainage system. Older school bathrooms have cement septic tanks, the preschool toilets have a functional plastic septic tank, and all are emptied by the municipal septic
tank service. The school has an adequate number of garbage bins, and this waste is carried off
by the municipal garbage collection service and incinerated. The school also has a recycling
program, and it is hoped that this initiative will be adopted by other local schools.
Private companies and organizations such as AmWay and Siam Bank donated water storage
tanks years before the tsunami. Two of these three tanks can hold 1,000 liters of water each.
School Breakdown
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
101
54 boys, 47 girls
Ages 7-12
Teachers
7
Orphans
20
Children lost parents in tsunami
Toilets
11
Includes 2 urinals, 1 teacher’s bathroom and 6
toilets that need repair
Sink basins / taps
5/5
All sinks have taps
1 sink/tap is completely broken
Borehole
1
Has not been used for years
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15
This school has a number of water and sanitation needs to be addressed:
PVC pipes which bring water to the bathrooms and science classroom need to be replaced. A
30m section of pipe underneath the school is leaking and also needs to be replaced. The
connections between the eight concrete rainwater catchments need to be repaired in order for all
tanks to be able to be used for water storage. The drainage system on the school grounds also
has to be improved since flooding lasts at least half a day after it rains heavily; water levels can
easily reach 6’’ or more.
The school has a number of sanitation needs, and many facilities need to be rehabilitated. The
Director would like new plastic septic tanks to replace the school’s older cement tanks, as well as
two international-style toilets to be replaced by Thai-style squat toilets for the pre-school
bathrooms. For the older children, two bathrooms need to be repaired and a sink replaced. Four
toilets that have been damaged through over-use by villagers coming to use the grounds for
sporting events need to be repaired.
School Wish List:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Replace pipes running to bathrooms and classrooms
Repair connections between 8 rainwater catchment tanks (2 sets of 4 tanks)
Improve drainage system on school grounds
Replace concrete septic tanks with new plastic septic tanks
Rehabilitate 6 bathrooms
Fix cracks in bathroom floors
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16
Photographs of Facilities
One of two large concrete rainwater
catchments that have taps on bottom. The
two tanks are over 30 years old and are not
currently used due to severe damage.
Example of 2 sets of 4 rainwater catchment
tanks in which only one in each set is usable
due to faulty pipe connections.
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The two western toilets used by the pre-school students. The cisterns do not hold water and the
supply pipes are blocked. The school would like them to be replaced with Thai-style toilets. The
floors are also cracked and dirty standing water accumulates.
One of the two toilets and a sink used by the 5-11 year old students. Both bathrooms are old and
need rehabilitation. The sink is completely broken with no water supply.
The teacher’s bathroom
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18
Ban Thung Thong School, Moo 7, Kathu, Kathu
GPS Coordinates:
47 N 0427215
UTM 0873064
Recommended by:
Asia Center Foundation
o Asia Center Foundation survey
o Ban Thung Thong School survey
Overview
Recommended to us by the Asia Center Foundation, this primary school is located in Kathu Town
and was indirectly affected by the tsunami. One child lost a parent in the disaster. The
livelihoods of many other parents were lost through the destruction of shops and hotels along the
Phuket coast.
The school campus has two wells; one for the school and one for the newly-built community
center. PVC pipes carry water from the well to the school building, however the pipes are known
to be damaged in many places. The well is 10 meters deep with a water table of 7 meters.
Luckily for the school, water is still obtainable from the well throughout the dry season. The
director of the school said that because the well and water table are very deep, the groundwater
does not get polluted.
The condition of the toilets seems to be a non-issue; all have recently been replaced and are in
good condition. A large sink basin located at the front of the school has twelve taps but only five
are in working order. There is also a sink with six taps located behind the cafeteria building; all
work properly.
The SAO-funded community center was built without bathrooms. Since the school uses this
facility often, it would like four toilets and two sinks to be constructed on-site. With the
construction of the bathrooms comes the need for the installation of a water distribution system
and water storage tanks.
Drainage is not a problem for the school campus. Stormwater drains are kept clear and although
after heavy rainfall some areas have standing water, the grounds are cleared completely after a
few hours through municipal drains.
The school has two septic tanks, one for waste water and the other for solid waste. The
municipal septic tank service empties these receptacles as soon as they are full. Garbage is
currently taken by the municipal garbage collection and incinerated, however the school and SAO
have plans to create a recycling bank on school grounds in the future.
The school has been assisted in the past by other organizations, most notably Amway (donated
two water storage tanks) and Siam Commercial Bank (donated one storage tank). The Kathu
SAO also donated money to the school in 1999 in order to improve their water drainage system
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School Breakdown
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
218
121 boys, 97 girls
Ages 5-12
Teachers
10
Bathrooms
10
9 student toilets
1 toilet for teachers
1 sink with tap in teachers’ bathroom
Sink basins / taps
3 / 19
1 large sink basin with 12 taps; only 5 work
1 sink with 6 taps; all work
Wells
1 for school
1 for community center
2
School Water and Sanitation Needs
Although additional toilets were not requested by the school, one sink is definitely in need of
repair. It has five working taps that all leak, and the remaining eight connections all need new
fittings so they can be used by the children.
Pipes that run water from the well to the school bathrooms are damaged and need replacing.
The community center is also in need of a bathroom with four toilets and two sinks. The
installation of a water distribution system and water storage tanks are needed for this bathroom
facility. The school can also use 3 to 5 more garbage bins in order to help with its garbage
collection.
School Wish List:
o
o
o
o
o
12 taps on one sink basin need repair
Pipes that connect well water to bathrooms need to be replaced
Construction of 4 toilets and 2 sinks for community center
Water distribution system and water storage tanks for community center
3 – 5 garbage bins
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20
Photographs of Facilities – Ban Thung Thong School
Block of 5 toilets. The bathrooms are in generally good condition.
Communal sink basin with 12 taps. Only 5 taps work but they leak badly.
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21
Community Center – built with SAO funds but bathrooms were not constructed. Toilets, water
storage and pipes are needed.
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W: www.d-trac.org
22
Municipal Pre-School Patong, Had Patong Community, Patong, Kathu
GPS Coordinates (Site 1):
47 N 0423013
UTM 0872988
GPS Coordinates (Site 2):
47 N 0423786
UTM 0873557
Recommended by:
Patong Municipal Office
Patong Municipal Office survey
Overview
This pre-school is located at two sites in Patong. Site 1 is a proper school facility with nearly 400
students. Site 2, however, is a converted health center turned pre-school because of insufficient
space for expansion on Site 1’s land in downtown Patong.
Both pre-school sites were indirectly affected by the tsunami. Some children were orphaned in
the disaster. Others’ parents lost their livelihoods when hotels, vehicles and shops were
destroyed along the Phuket coastline.
Each site has water delivered by the Provincial Waterworks Authority, however they do
experience water shortage problems during the dry season. Both school sites buy drinking water
for the children’s consumption.
Site 1 has two 1,000 liter tanks buried 1m underground in front of the school. These tanks are
broken, though, and the water is contaminated with soil, sand, and anything else that has found
its way into the underground tanks. Even though this water is just used for washing, the school is
still concerned about its condition. Site 2 doesn’t have any broken pipes or storage tanks, but it
has insufficient bathroom facilities with one toilet and sink for over 70 people.
Storm drains are kept clear, and no flooding is experienced on either of the school grounds.
Drainage pipes carry waste water to the municipal water treatment centers. Septic tanks are
used to store solid waste at both sites, and all are in good condition and well-managed. Garbage
is collected by the municipal garbage collection service.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
23
School Breakdown (Site 1)
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
394
199 boys, 195 girls (ages 3-5 years)
Teachers
23
Toilets
17
4 are urinals
Sink basins / taps
12 / 12
2 of these sinks are for teachers
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
70
31 boys, 39 girls (ages 2 ½ - 3 years)
Teachers
6
Toilets
1
Sink basins / taps
1/1
School Breakdown (Site 2)
All students and staff use this 1 toilet facility
1 sink located in bathroom
Students use water buckets to wash before
and after lunch
Site 1:
The bathrooms are generally in good condition, but the school would like the sinks to be fitted
with push-top taps in order to prevent the children from wasting water by not turning off the taps
after they’ve been used. There are currently no curtains separating the toilets and the school
would like these outfitted in order to provide the children with a bit of privacy. Drinking water
stations are also an issue; the school currently has six stations for nearly 400 students, and the
school would like more.
The school would also like an additional bathroom facility to be built on the ground floor of the
school near the assembly / playground area. These bathrooms would also need a complete
water system installed.
The school would like the broken underground tanks to be replaced with water towers to supply
water to the bathrooms.
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24
Site 2:
The school at Site 2 needs an additional bathroom building with water system to be constructed
on school grounds (the current parking lot). They would ideally like five toilets and sinks with at
least ten taps.
School Wish List (Site 1):
o
o
o
o
o
All sinks need to be fitted with push-top taps
Curtains to separate all toilets
Construct additional drinking water stations
Construct an additional bathroom facility with water system
Replace broken underground water storage tanks with water towers
School Wish List (Site 2):
o
Construct bathroom facility and install water system – 5 toilets and 10 taps
needed
Photographs of Facilities – Municipal Pre-school Patong (Site 1)
The cover of one of the broken underground
water storage tanks
The school water pump and filter
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25
Ground floor student bathroom
First floor student bathroom
First floor student bathroom sinks and showers
The school would like another toilet block to
be built on this area of land
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26
Municipal Pre-school Patong (Site 2)
Health facility has been converted to a pre-school
The only bathroom in the school
Water buckets are used as sinks at the
back of the cafeteria
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27
The tap used to fill the water
buckets at the back of the cafeteria
Concrete drains
Area of land the school would like to
use to construct bathroom facility
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28
MUANG
DISTRICT
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29
Muang District
o Phuket Provincial Education
survey
o Habitat for Humanity survey
Office
Overview
Muang District consists of 7 sub-districts and 45 villages. Coastal areas of the district were
directly affected by the tsunami, experiencing the associated problems of damage to homes,
schools and loss of livelihoods.
This is a region of varying wealth, ranging from the hotel-lined streets of Phuket Town with its
many government offices to less developed areas in the sea gypsy village of Ban Laem Tukkae.
Such areas are located merely a few kilometers away from each other, yet the degree to which
they require assistance with water and sanitation varies immensely.
Although it was not possible to locate district-wide tsunami statistics, the Phuket Provincial
Education Office was able to supply data regarding the disaster’s effects on schools and schoolaged children in the area. 63 schools (with a total of 2,385 students) were either directly or
indirectly affected by the tsunami, 17 students and 2 teachers were killed and 104 children were
orphaned. The district completed the following projects to help alleviate the problems faced as a
result of the disaster:
o
The 104 orphans have been given scholarships which guarantee their education to
university level
o
The families of the two teachers received 100,000 baht each
o
The families of the 17 students killed have been given 10,000 baht each
o
The 2,385 tsunami-affected students were given 15,000 baht each
o
In May 2006 the district held a meeting with many local and international NGO’s to
source funding to help students of the 63 local schools purchase books, school bags etc.
The district also continues to help local people overcome the effects of the tsunami through
teaching disaster-related lessons at local schools, the provision of an IT center at Satee Phuket
School educating people about the disaster using the internet, and the installation of tsunami
warning systems. Teachers in the 63 schools were asked to produce case studies of children
displaying potential behavioral or mental health problems as a result of the tsunami. These
students then received help in the form of counseling from the local government and children’s
charities such as UNICEF and The Child Protection Agency.
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30
D-TRAC visited many district and sub-district level offices in Muang. Many of these were unable
to help, due to a shortage of time, lack of knowledge of the water/sanitation situations in the
district or a belief that such matters had already been dealt with. The most helpful person
interviewed was Chalam Attatham at the Phuket Provincial Education Office. Mr. Attatham
provided us with detailed advice on the district and arranged for a meeting with the directors of
three schools that he felt were in need of water and sanitation assistance. This meeting was
extremely useful in providing us with an overview of the district’s needs. It also provided insight
into the funding problems faced by individual schools/villages that appear to have been overlooked
Aid Presence in Muang
Habitat for Humanity is still currently active in Muang District. Based on the island of Koh Sire at
the village of Ban Laem Tukkae, Habitat is building 36 new homes for villagers.
Many other aid organizations have been effective in the region since the tsunami but the majority
of projects are now complete and so organizations have moved elsewhere. The NGOs
mentioned to D-TRAC were World Vision, ADRA, The Princess Foundation, Thai Red Cross and
Choeng Talay Christians.
Potential Project Sites for American Red Cross
The following village and schools have been identified by D-TRAC as having water and sanitation
needs. They are eligible for assistance under criteria specified in the American Red Cross
Tsunami Recovery Program Beneficiary Statement:
Village:
o
Ban Laem Tukkae (Sea Gypsy Village), Moo 4, Rat Sah Dah, Muang
Schools:
o
o
Koh Mapraow School, Koh Mapraow, Moo 6, Koh Keaw, Muang
Koh Loan School, Koh Loan, Moo 3, Rawai, Muang
D-TRAC also gathered information on potential water and sanitation needs of other schools in
Muang District. The team was unable to visit these sites due to time constraints but they have
been identified and included in this district report.
Recommended Schools
o
o
o
Ban Tah Rua Mai Pre-school, Moo 7, Rah Tah
Koh Sire School, Moo 1, Rah Tah
Koh Sire Pre-school, Moo 1, Rah Tah
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31
Matrix
Villages in Muang District
Sub-District
Village
Location
Rat Sah Dah
Moo 4
Laem Tukkae
Koh Keaw
Moo 6
Koh Mapraow
Rawai
Moo 3
Koh Loan
Village
School
School
Borehole
Drill borehole
Wells
Drill well
X
X
Reservoir
Deepen reservoir
Bathrooms
Repair
Construct new
X
X
X
X
Sinks
X
Repair sinks / taps
X
X
Drainage
X
X
Storm drains
Treatment
Organic waste
Waste water
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32
Sub-District
Village
Location
Rat Sah Dah
Moo 4
Koh Keaw
Moo 6
Rawai
Moo 3
Laem Tukkae
Koh Mapraow
Koh Loan
Village
School
School
Repair water tower
X
Connect water storage tanks to school bathrooms / households
Replace concrete rainwater catchments / water storage containers for schools
X
Repair or Install concrete water storage containers for households
X
Water Systems
Pipelines
X
X
8
6
Supply lines
Sanitation
Garbage bins needed
X
Other
Water quality
TOTAL
5
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33
Villages / Schools
Ban Laem Tukkae Village, Moo 4, Rat Sah Dah, Muang
GPS Coordinates:
47 N 0436510
UTM 0870576
Recommended by:
o Tah Chat Chai SAO
o Habitat for Humanity
o Poseidon CruisAIDers
o Phuket DDPM
o Tah Chat Chai Village survey
o Tah Chat Chai SAO survey
Overview
Ban Laem Tukkae is a sea gypsy village located on the island of Koh Sileh in Muang District.
Approximately 1,780 people live in the village and most of the children attend Koh Sileh School.
Both Habitat for Humanity and Tah Chat Chai SAO suggested that there was a serious need for
additional water and sanitation assistance in this village.
Water is provided by the SAO on a price per unit basis and is sourced from the Bang Wad Damn.
Drinking water is purchased from private sources during the dry season at a cost of 12 Baht for
60 liters or 100 Baht to fill a cement water storage tank.
A lack of water storage is not a problem since rainwater catchment tanks and pipes are prevalent
throughout the village. Almost all homes have at least one tank (since shortly after the tsunami
World Vision donated a plastic water but to each home in the village) and these are in a generally
good condition. However, corrugated iron gutters used for rainwater catchment have been badly
damaged by rust. Ideally these would have been replaced by plastic drainpipes but at 200 Baht
per meter this option is beyond the budget of most families in the village.
Erosion of the village pathways and roads is a problem during the rainy season. Due to a lack of
storm-water drainage, rainwater quickly forms channels between homes and in pathways.
The major problem at this village is a lack of sanitary bathrooms. Although a number of homes
have bathrooms, many traditional sea gypsy homes are built without. Many of the 1,780 villagers
have to share one of the two communal bathrooms (which have a total of 46 toilets) or the sixteen
outhouses positioned over the canal which leads to the ocean (see images). Most families are
allocated a toilet and these are kept locked to prevent other people from using them.
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34
The first communal bathroom has a total of 36 toilets which are in a very poor
condition. The cement septic tanks here are full to capacity, making the toilets unusable, smelly
and a health hazard. This block is currently not used by the villagers for this reason.
The second communal bathroom has 10 toilets. Many of these are in a state of disrepair, with
broken doors and seats.
Each of the sixteen outhouses positioned over the canal are allocated to one village family.
However, we were told that it is not uncommon for younger members of a family to defecate on
the land around the toilet while older relatives use the outhouse. This is a clear health hazard
and can only be addressed by the provision of further bathrooms. The outhouses themselves are
old, unstable and unsanitary (since both water and solid waste falls straight into the lake) and
many are completely out of order, increasing the demand on the already over-used communal
bathroom.
As mentioned earlier, some homes in the village are fortunate enough to have their own
bathrooms. The waste from these is either collected and thrown into the ocean or stored in
cement septic tanks. In an ideal situation every family would have their own bathroom, water
storage facilities, septic tank and water supply.
The municipal garbage collection service takes away the village’s garbage free of charge.
However, this service is unreliable and the frequency of collection varies, causing garbage to
accumulate on a regular basis. Additional garbage bins are required to alleviate this problem and
reduce the number of health hazards that come with accumulating piles of garbage.
Village Breakdown and Effects of the Tsunami
Measurables
Amount
Population
1780*
Homes Destroyed by Tsunami
Homes Damaged by Tsunami
Boats Destroyed
9
267
60
Deaths
0
Injuries
Unknown
Additional Comments
700 men
700 women
300 children
60 elderly
20 disabled people
Many people were injured by
the tsunami but no official
figures exist to quantify this
* Population figures are based on pre-tsunami information
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35
The most immediate problem which needs to be addressed is the lack of bathroom facilities in the
village. Most homes have sufficient land for the construction of individual bathrooms and if this
were to be completed approximately 150 extra toilets and septic tanks would be needed. The
communal bathroom with 36 toilets needs to be completely replaced since the current facilities
are out of use and beyond repair. The provision of larger and more sanitary communal
bathrooms would be extremely beneficial to the village and reduce the health hazards posed by
the current conditions.
In order to improve the efficiency of the rainwater catchment facilities present in most homes
modern plastic gutters should be fitted to roofs (to replace the existing rusted corrugated iron
gutters).
More garbage bins are required to reduce the unhygienic piles of rubbish which tend to
accumulate between municipal garbage collections. It is estimated that roughly 300 extra bins
are required.
NGOs Working in Muang
To our knowledge, Habitat for Humanity is the only NGO currently active in Ban Laem Tukkae.
They are building 36 new homes for local families (see NGO survey) with bathrooms and septic
tank systems. This project is not yet completed. Houses are being built at a rate of 12 per month
so it is estimated that the three month project should finish by the end of August 2006.
Shortly after the tsunami World Vision donated plastic rainwater storage tanks to each home in
the village and ADRA repaired 100 damaged houses in Ban Laem Tukkae just after the tsunami.
Choeng Talay Christians provided the village water with drinking water for the first two weeks
after the tsunami.
Village Wish List:
o
o
o
o
At least 150 individual bathrooms and septic tanks
Rebuild the communal bathroom, with more toilets and larger septic tanks
Fit houses with plastic drainpipes to improve rainwater collection
300 garbage bins
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
36
One of the 275 storage containers donated
to the village by World Vision shortly after
the tsunami.
Rainwater creating channels and causing
erosion alongside the house of Ms Nid Pra
Mung Kit, the Village Head.
Septic tanks located behind the communal
toilet block of 36 toilets. Each holds the
waste from one toilet and are full to capacity.
Communal toilet blocks (36 toilets).
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37
Part of the block of 10 toilets. Each toilet is
allocated to one family.
2 of the 16 outhouses over the local canal.
Each toilet is allocated to one family.
Large areas of standing water form around the village after rainfall, but this may be alleviate when
housing construction reaches completion.
Examples of homes built by Habitat for
Humanity in other Thai villages
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W: www.d-trac.org
38
Koh Mapraow School, Moo 6, Koh Keaw, Muang
Recommended by:
o Phuket Provincial
survey
Education
Office
o Koh Mapraow School survey
Overview
Located in the sub-district of Koh Keaw, this school was directly affected by the 2004 tsunami.
The wave caused the school to flood, damaging the building and polluting the well’s water supply.
This school is still in need of water and sanitation assistance in order to rehabilitate existing
facilities that were damaged by the tsunami.
The livelihoods of parents and student’s were directly affected by the disaster.
The school’s water supply is obtained from a well located on school grounds. The well is 2.5
meters deep and the water table is only 50 cm below the ground. The water is unclean and salty
but still used for both washing and drinking. Although this water is not causing any direct health
problems amongst students it is still of an unsatisfactory standard for drinking. During the dry
season the well still provides sufficient water for the school though students also bring in their
own drinking water.
The tsunami damaged both the PVC pipes which connect the well to the school building and to
the bathroom. The section of piping between the well and bathroom has been temporarily
repaired. Concrete rainwater catchment tanks were also destroyed by the disaster and have not
been replaced. It is evident that the school has a shortage of water storage facilities.
Four bathrooms and one sink are located alongside the school building. The toilets are in good
working order but the sink was damaged by the tsunami and has still not been replaced. The
bathroom has a cement septic tank which is in a good condition and emptied when necessary.
During the rainy season flooding can be a problem. Areas of standing water collect outside the
classrooms after rainfall, though the water is generally cleared within 20 minutes. A basic open
concrete drainage system is in place at the school but large sections of the drains are blocked by
debris.
The school does not have a recycling program or garbage collection service; instead it burns all
garbage in the school grounds.
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39
School Breakdown
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
85
25 boys, 40 girls
Ages 4 - 12 years
20 pre-school students
Ages 2 ½ - 3 years
Teachers
Bathrooms
6
4
Sink Basins / Taps
1/1
The sink was damaged by the tsunami and has
not been repaired since
The school would like four toilets to be built, with separate bathrooms for boys, girls and teachers.
The sink in the bathroom needs to be fixed and possibly another one provided.
Deepening the school well to 5 meters would hopefully provide a cleaner water supply for the
school and reduce the need to bring in drinking water from outside.
New concrete rainwater storage tanks are required to replace the ones broken by the tsunami
and the PVC pipe network connecting the well to the school and bathrooms needs to be replaced
or repair.
The drainage system needs to be cleared of debris to reduce the risk of flooding. Drains could
also be fitted with covers to prevent future blockages from occurring.
School Wish List:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Fix the broken sink
Fit 1 new sink (with 1 tap)
4 more toilets
Deepen the well to 5 meters
Clear drains and fit drainage covers
Repair the PVC pipes connecting the well to the school and bathroom
Construct new concrete rainwater catchment tanks
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
40
Koh Loan School, Moo 3, Rawai, Muang
Recommended by:
o Phuket Provincial Education Office
o Koh Loan School survey
Overview
Koh Loan School is located on an island in the Muang Sub-district of Rawai. The school is only
accessible by a 15 minute boat journey from Ao Chalong. The local village of Koh Loan is home
to a total of 80 families.
For reasons not explained many parents have had to remove their children from the school and
the low number of currently enrolled children reflects this. It seems that these issues have now
been resolved and the school hopes that soon students will start to return.
The homes of children attending the school were directly damaged by the tsunami and the
livelihoods of parents employed in the fishing industry lost fishing boats, engines and equipment.
According to the document “Information of Affected Students” provided by Phuket Provincial
Education Office (see appendix), 3 students at Koh Loan School were severely affected by the
tsunami and 1 further child was affected to a lesser extent. Given the low number of students
attending the school these figures suggest that the tsunami had a huge impact on the children of
this area.
The school obtains its water from a 10 meter deep well within the school grounds. Since the
water table is at a depth of 5 meters below the ground this well is very rarely dry and thus
provides a sufficient amount of water even during the dry season.
Three concrete rainwater catchment tanks are present at the school but the taps of these are
damaged and they leak badly. They can no longer be used to supply water to the bathroom. The
PVC pipes which run from the tanks to the bathroom are also in poor condition.
There are two toilets located alongside the school (for both students and teachers). However, the
toilets are blocked, the roof is broken and since there is no water supply they cannot be used.
Children and teachers must use the bathrooms located at the local mosque.
The school bathroom has a cement septic tank which is in good working order.
No sinks exist in the school so children are currently unable to wash their hands before/after
meals.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
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41
The school does not have a concrete storm-water drainage system, instead they
hand dug trenches in the ground themselves. While these seem to be working sufficiently they
are not a suitable long-term solution to waste and storm-water drainage. The trenches carry
waste and storm-water directly to the ocean without treatment.
The school does not have a garbage collection service. It burns garbage on an area of land
behind the school building. No recycling program is currently in place and one was not
mentioned for the future.
School Breakdown
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
Teachers
Bathrooms
Sink Basins / Taps
8
2
2
0
4 girls, 4 boys
Both of these toilets are broken and out of use
The most urgent problem faced by the school is the complete lack of usable bathrooms. The two
toilets need to be replaced and the pipes. Repairs to the roof are required and the water supply
needs to be re-connected.
In order for the bathroom water supply to work the taps to the concrete rainwater catchment tanks
need to be replaced / repaired. The school would also like a filter so that the water would be safe
for drinking. PVC pipes joining the tanks to the bathroom should be replaced to ensure a
permanent water supply to the two toilets.
Ideally the school would like two sinks to be installed, one for each bathroom.
It is likely that the need will arise for a more permanent drainage system in the long term. This
would help reduce the risk of flooding and standing water at the school. However, this is not
highlighted as something the school is currently requesting.
School Wish List:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Replace the 2 toilets and unblock pipes
Repair bathroom roof
Fix the 3 rainwater catchment tank taps
Fix the PVC pipes which supply water from the tanks to the bathroom
Filtration system for potable water
2 new sinks with 1 tap each
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
42
Since D-TRAC was unable to visit Koh Loan School, the following photographs were provided by
the school’s director to demonstrate the condition of current facilities.
Concrete rainwater catchment tanks
Exterior and interior of the bathroom (which is currently out of order). The roof needs to be repaired,
the toilets need to be cleared/replaced and sink/taps need to be installed. Ideally the entire bathroom
should be replaced.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
43
Drainpipes are broken in many places and need to be completely replaced.
The pipes and taps connecting the rainwater catchment tanks are damaged.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
44
THALANG
DISTRICT
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45
Thalang District
o Tah Chat Chai Sub-district survey
o Choeng Talay Sub-district survey
Overview
The district of Thalang encompasses the northern area of Phuket Province and consists of 6 subdistricts broken down into 45 villages.
Large areas of the district’s coast were directly hit by the tsunami. Many people were killed or
injured, homes and schools were damaged or destroyed and important local water sources were
polluted with sea water.
Thalang is an area dominated by fishing and agriculture so many people’s livelihoods were
affected by the tsunami. Mainly the district has provided assistance to those whose crops, fishing
boats and fish pens were destroyed and has helped them find alternative ways of earning a living.
People were trained in the art of Thai massage and others were given premises in which to set up
businesses. Through the mapping of high risk areas, regular evacuation drills, the installation of
warning systems and general tsunami education, the district is attempting to alleviate people’s
fear about a repeat disaster. This will hopefully encourage more to return to their previous
occupations and help the region regain a greater sense of stability
D-TRAC visited the Thalong District Office but was unable to receive information; and the office
suggested that we speak to sub-district level offices instead. We subsequently visited two subdistrict offices in the Thalang District – Choeng Talay SAO and Mai Khao SAO. Neither was able
to provide district-wide statistics on the effects of the tsunami or water and sanitation needs,
however both suggested schools and villages that would be in need of further water and
sanitation assistance.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
46
Aid Presence in Thalang
Habitat for Humanity and Plan Thailand are two NGO’s known to be active in Thalang District.
Habitat for Humanity is building homes in Tah Chat Village but the local officials we spoke with
were not familiar with the work of Plan in Thalang District.
We visited the following village and school and have identified water and sanitation needs at
these locations as specified in the American Red Cross Tsunami Recovery Program Beneficiary
Statement:
Village:
o
Tah Chat Chai, Moo 5, Mai Khao, Thalang
School:
o
Ban Koh Wat Mai School, Kamaen, Moo 2, Tep Kah Sat Dree, Thalang
D-TRAC also gathered information on the potential water and sanitation needs of other villages
and schools in Thalang District. The team was not able to visit these sites due to time
Constraints but they have been identified as areas that could possibly benefit from help from the
American Red Cross assistance.
Recommended Villages
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ao Ban Tao Soi Noklay, Had Surin, Moo 3, Choeng Talay
Bang Tao, Moo 2, Choeng Talay
Bang Tao Nok, Moo 5, Choeng Talay
Pasak, Moo 4, Choeng Talay
Mai Khao, Moo 4, Mai Khao
Tah Chat Chai, Moo 5, Mai Khao
Recommended Schools
o
o
Ban Bang Tao School, Choeng Talay
Tah Chat Chai School, Mai Khao
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
47
Matrix
Villages in Thalang District
Sub-District
Village
Location
Village
Mai Khao
Tep Kah Sat Dree
Tah Chat Chai
Ban Koh Wat Mai
Ban Bang Tao
Ao ban Tao Soi Noklay
Bang Tao Nok
Pasak
Moo 5
Moo 2
Moo 2
Moo 3
Moo 5
Moo 4
Village
Village
Village
X
X
X
School Kindergarten
School
Choeng Talay
Village
Scool
Borehole
Drill borehole
Wells
Drill well
Reservoir
Deepen reservoir
X
X
Bathrooms
Repair
Construct new
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sinks
X
Repair sinks / taps
X
X
Drainage
X
X
X
Storm drains
Treatment
Organic waste
Waste water
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
48
Sub-District
Village
Mai Khao
Tep Kah Sat Dree
Tah Chat Chai
Ban Koh Wat Mai
Moo 5
Location
Village
Choeng Talay
Ban Bang Tao
Moo 2
Moo 2
School Kindergarten
School
Ao ban Tao Soi Noklay
Bang Tao Nok
Pasak
Moo 3
Moo 5
Moo 4
Village
Scool
Village
Village
Village
X
X
X
3
2
3
2
1
X
Repair water tower
Connect water storage tanks to school bathrooms /
households
X
X
X
Replace concrete rainwater catchments / water storage
containers for schools
X
X
Repair or Install concrete water storage containers for
households
Water Systems
Pipelines
X
Supply lines
Sanitation
Garbage bins needed
Other
Water quality
TOTAL
4
2
2
8
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
49
Villages / Schools
Ban Koh Wat Mai School, Kanaen, Moo 2, Tep Kah Sat Dree, Thalang
GPS Coordinates:
47 P 0427850
UTM 0887971
Recommended by:
o Phuket Provincial Education Office
o Ban Koh Wat Mai School survey
o Phuket Provincial Education
survey
Office
Overview
A total of 120 students (ages 4-12 years old) attend Ban Koh Wat Mai School which was
indirectly affected by the tsunami. The livelihoods of many of the student’s parents were lost
through the destruction of local hotels, shops and vehicles.
School Breakdown
Measurables
Amount
Additional Comments
Students
120
Ages 4-12 years
Teachers
6
Bathrooms
4
Sink basins / taps
7/5
2 for students and 2 for teachers
1 of the teacher bathrooms is out of order
The sink in the student bathroom has a broken
tap and no water supply
The sink in the teacher bathroom is working but
has no water supply
1 of the 3 sinks at the front of the school has no
basin and the other 2 have leaking taps and
very low water pressure
2 sinks with no taps or water supply
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
50
This school relies on a SAO water supply (via PVC pipes) throughout the year.
Water shortages can be a problem during the dry season so the SAO is currently drilling a
borehole on school grounds on order to provide a greater water supply to the school and local
village. It is hoped that this will alleviate water shortage issues.
Rainwater storage at the school is in fairly poor condition. A total of twelve concrete rainwater
catchment tanks are present but due to old age and damage to pipe connections, only two of
these are currently usable. Rainwater collection takes the form of corrugated iron pipes but there
are many cracks and holes in them due to rust. This is affecting the efficiency of the school’s
rainwater collection.
The school has only two bathrooms for the 120 students (one for boys and one for girls) and two
for teachers. One of the teacher toilets is broken and out of use. The three remaining toilets are
all in working condition though bathroom doors and floors are damaged.
A shortage of functioning sinks is an issue at this school. A total of seven sinks are present but
none are in full working order. The sink in the student bathroom has a broken tap and no water
supply. The teacher’s sink is in good condition but also has no connection to the water supply.
Three sinks are located at the front of the school and are the only sinks with a water supply. One
of the three has no basin at all and the other two sinks have leaking taps with extremely low water
pressure. Two larger sink basins (with space for 6-10 taps each) are located behind the school
but no taps are currently fitted and there is no connection to the water supply.
The school drainage system seems to be functioning well. Drains are kept clear so flooding and
standing water are not a problem at the school. Solid waste is stored in cement septic tanks
which are well managed. Garbage is collected by the SAO and the school collects and sells
recyclable materials to local companies.
Two additional student bathrooms need to be constructed; the two toilets are not adequate for the
student population. The damaged teacher’s toilet needs to be replaced. Cracked bathroom
floors need to be repaired and two of the doors replaced.
The sink in the student’s bathroom needs to have new taps fitted. Both the student and teacher
sinks need to be connected to the school water supply. The three sinks at the front of the school
need to be repaired to improve water pressure. A new basin needs to be fitted and the three
leaking taps should be replaced. The two large sinks at the rear of the school need to have taps
fitted (6-10 in each) and to be connected to the water supply.
Rainwater storage at the school needs to be improved. There are two sets of four 1,000 liter
concrete tanks (eight in total) which are in a generally good condition but only two are used due
to faulty pipe connections and taps. The pipes and taps need to be either rehabilitated or
replaced so that all eight tanks can be used to collect rainwater. Four 4,000 liter tanks at the front
of the school are old and damaged. These should be completely replaced, either with similar
concrete tanks or a water tower. The corrugated iron rainwater catchment pipes should be
replaced, ideally with plastic gutters. Increased and improved rainwater storage facilities would
help reduce the schools’ dependency on SAO water supplies.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
51
School Wish List:
o Fix 1 of the toilets, 2 bathroom doors and all 4 bathroom floors
o Construction of 2 more bathrooms
o Fix pipes/taps on 8 concrete rainwater catchment tanks
o Replace 4 old concrete rainwater catchments
o Replace rainwater gutters
o Connect 4 of the 7 sinks up to the water supply
o 1 new sink basin
o Replace 4 broken taps
Photographs
of Facilities
o Fit 6-10
new taps to each of the 2 large sink basins
School sign
One set of the concrete rainwater catchment
tanks. Due to faulty connections only one
tank is usable.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
52
Rainwater collection gutters (made from
corrugated iron) are rusty and have many
holes.
These need to be completely
replaced.
Three sinks available for students; one has
no basin and the other two have leaky taps
and very low water pressure.
One of the two student toilets (one for boys,
one for girls). The school would like at least
two more student toilets.
One of two teacher toilets. The other toilet
is damaged and completely out of use. This
one
needs
rehabilitation.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
53
Mai Khao Sub-district, Thalang
Recommended by:
o Thalang Sub-district Office
o Mai Khao SAO Survey
o Tah Chat Chai Village Survey
Overview
The sub-district of Mai Khao was mentioned to us by Thalang Sub-district Office and Habitat for
Humanity as an area that was directly affected by the tsunami and potentially still in need of water
and sanitation assistance.
Through an interview with the Mai Khao SAO we were able to determine that the villages in this
sub-district were still recovering from the effects of the tsunami and had a great need from help to
improve water and sanitation facilities. Flooding is a regular occurrence in the area due to an
insufficient drainage system and more rainwater catchment tanks are required to help villagers
store their own water.
Local reservoirs are in a good condition but the SAO would like them to be deepened to hold
more water and for filters to be fitted to improve the water quality. Water in this sub-district is
carried by drains straight into the ocean, without treatment.
Improvement and clearing of water drainage systems.
More rainwater catchment tanks – approximately 500 would be needed.
Local reservoirs need to be deepened to hold more water and filters need to be fitted to improve
water quality.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
54
The following villages and schools were recommended to D-TRAC as areas that may
benefit from further investigation by the American Red Cross:
•
Mai Khao, Moo 4, Mai Khao, Thalang and Tah Chat Chai, Moo 5, Mai Khao, Thalang
Recommended by:
o Mai Khao SAO
In the villages of Mai Khao and Tah Chat Chai over 300 people were directly affected by the
tsunami and 50 homes were completely destroyed. Thalang mentioned that both areas were still
in need of water and sanitation assistance.
Habitat for Humanity is currently working in the Ban Chat Chai, constructing 80 new homes for
Thai and Mai Thai (Moken) families affected by the tsunami. This village was mentioned
numerous times in the Choeng Talay interview as being in need of more of improved bathroom
facilities.
•
Tah Chat Chai School & Tah Chat Chai Pre-school, Tah Chat Chai, Moo 5, Mai Khao,
Thalang
Recommended by:
o Mai Khao SAO
Both the school and pre-school in Tah Chat Chai are in need of more water storage tanks and
additional bathrooms for students.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
55
Tah Chat Chai Village, Moo 5, Mai Khao, Thalang
GPS Coordinates:
47 P 0422887
UTM 0906206
Recommended by:
o Mai Khao SAO
o Phuket DDPM
o Mai Khao SAO survey
o Tah Chat Chai village survey
o Habitat for Humanity survey
Overview
Ban Tah Chat Chai is a coastal fishing village located on the northern tip of Phuket. It was
directly affected by the tsunami. The village is made up of four separate communities and it is
estimated that 550-600 families (2,500-3,000 people) live in the village.
The homes and livelihoods of many villagers were greatly affected by the disaster. Houses were
partially destroyed, personal possessions were lost and through the destruction of 35 fishing
boats, boat engines and fishing equipment, many people lost their main source of income.
Habitat for Humanity is currently constructing 80 new homes here, in which each is funded by a
private donor. Once complete these will provide housing for an additional 80 families in the
village, thus increasing demand on local water sources.
Water is sourced from 5 wells (all 7 meters deep, 2 meters deeper than the water table) and Piu
Pra Aram Reservoir which is 1,200 meters away from the village. The local reservoir, wells and
groundwater were all polluted by sea water when the tsunami struck. The quality of this water
has improved and there is generally a sufficient supply for the village. However, it is expected
that as the population of the village increases (due to an influx of families moving into the 80 new
homes built by Habitat) water shortages may happen more frequently.
The Water Resource Department of Surrathani provided a water pump and distribution system for
the reservoir but villagers would like a filter to be fitted to improve the quality of the water. Most
areas of Tah Chat Chai receive water from the reservoir via underground PVC pipes. Villagers
currently pay for water at a cost of 3 Baht per unit, via a meter. However, some outlying parts of
the village are without this supply and rely solely on wells for their main water source.
Nearly all houses in Tah Chat Chai have rainwater catchment facilities and storage containers.
3
The village also has one 30m water tower which is in good condition but is not expected to store
enough water once the local population increases.
The village has a large network of drains, many of which are blocked by sand, soil and debris.
These blockages have the potential to make standing water an issue in the village. This is a
major concern seeing as dengue fever is prevalent amongst villagers.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
56
There are 20 communal toilets in the village (4 blocks of 5 toilets) and each one is
shared by five to six families. It is estimated that over 15% of families in the Ban Hin Lok Deaw
and Hualeam communities use communal bathrooms. The waste from these facilities is stored in
cement septic tanks which are emptied when necessary. Some homes have their own
bathrooms and septic tanks.
Trash is collected by the SAO and the village has a sufficient number of garbage bins. Individual
families collect and sell recyclable material to private companies as a way to earn money.
In order to ensure that the reservoir water source can reach all areas of the village 1,300 m of
3
extra PVC piping is needed. An additional 30m water tower would hopefully provide enough
storage to serve the increasing population. An even greater supply of water could be guaranteed
if the reservoir were to be deepened. Khun Jondapon, Village Headman, suggested that
increasing the depth of the reservoir by a further 3 meters guarantee an even greater water
supply for Tah Chat Chai.
The village drainage systems need to be cleared of debris to prevent flooding and areas of
standing water as well as reduce the risk of dengue fever.
There is insufficient space around village houses to build individual bathrooms so more
communal bathrooms will be needed to cater a growing population. The 80 new homes being
built will not have bathrooms so this presses the need even further. All new toilets would require
the associated facilities: septic tanks, waste-water pipes, a water supply and sinks.
Village Wish List:
o
o
o
o
o
1,300m of extra PVC piping
1 water tower - 30m3
Deepen the reservoir by 3 meters
Clear drains
More communal bathrooms
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
57
Photographs of facilities
Storm water drains are blocked by debris
There are many areas of standing water in
the village. Some villagers have contracted
dengue fever so it is important to ensure that
drainage is sufficient to carry rain and waste
water away from areas of habitation.
One of the five toilets blocks (with 4 toilets
per block). 5-6 families share one toilet.
Rainwater catchment gutters are present on
the newly built houses but more are needed
to increase water availability.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
58
Rainwater catchment gutters and storage
containers used by one of the new houses.
80 new homes are being built at Tah Chat
Chai by Habitat for Humanity. Each house
is privately sponsored.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
59
Choeng Talay Sub-district, Thalang
Recommended by:
o
Choeng Talay SAO
o
Phuket DDPM
o
Choeng Talay SAO survey
Overview
The sub-district of Choeng Talay was mentioned to us by Thalang Sub-district Office as an area
that was directly affected by the tsunami and potentially still in need of water and sanitation
assistance. The following figures demonstrate the extent of damage and devastation caused by
the disaster:
Measurables
* Amount
Deaths
27
Injured and admitted to hospital
150
Injured and received first aid
200
Displaced and lacking shelter
1,500
Foreigners without shelter
500
Houses and shops destroyed
304
Hotels and bungalows destroyed
5
Cars destroyed
55
Motorcycles destroyed
183
Long tail boats destroyed
80
* Based on figures provided by Choeng Talay SAO
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
60
In response to the tsunami disaster the Choeng Talay Sub-district
Administration Office Tsunami Assistance Center completed the following:
o
Distributed necessary items, including dry food and household goods
o
Provided temporary shelter at Choeng Talay Sub-district Administration Office, Bang Tao
Temple, Muu Ganrum Mosque
o
Provided first aid
o
Transported injured people to hospital
o
Located and transported tourists to temporary housing
o
Provided temporary shelter for local people
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
61
Current Water and Sanitation Status
All villages in the sub-district of Choeng Talay use water provided by the SAO sourced from local
reservoirs. Water is paid for on a per unit basis at a cost of 2 Baht per unit. Shortages are
sometimes a problem during the dry season. Water from these reservoirs is below standard and
would benefit from improved filtration. Water is currently passed through sand filters but Rongrit
Chaihanan, a senior engineer at Choeng Talay SAO, suggested that in order to make it safe
more advanced filters incorporating lime and chlorine would be needed.
Many villages experience flooding in the sub-district due to the poor quality and blockage of
drainage systems. These drains are used to carry both storm water and waste water away from
the villages and directly into canals or the ocean. Waste water is not treated in this area.
Another issue facing the area is a lack of water storage tanks. The installation of further
rainwater catchment facilities and water towers would help reduce the sub-districts dependency
on SAO-supplied water from the reservoirs.
Sub-district Wish List:
o
Improved water filtration systems at to the sub-district reservoirs would help to provide
villages with higher quality water.
o
Extension of the reservoir PVC pipe network to incorporate all areas of the sub-district
and an improved pump to help deliver this water.
o
The clearing or replacement of village water drainage systems.
o
Additional rainwater catchment facilities and water storage towers.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
62
The following villages and schools were recommended to D-TRAC as locations in need of
water and sanitation assistance:
•
Ban Bang Tao School, Moo 2, Choeng Talay, Thalang
School recommended by:
o Choeng Talay SAO
Ban Bang Tao School, in Bang Tao, Moo 2, experiences severe water shortage problems during
the dry season due to inefficient water storage facilities. The school also needs additional
bathroom facilities to be built in order to accommodate the student population.
•
Ao Ban Tao Soi Noklay, Had Surin, Moo 3, Choeng Talay, Thalang
Village recommended by:
o Choeng Talay SAO
This sub-village of Had Surin was identified as being in need of a water-drainage system, since
there are currently no drains at all, and increased water storage facilities.
Choeng Talay SAO also mentioned that the village reservoir is regularly polluted with sand and
silt from the erosion of surrounding land during periods of heavy rainfall. Help in clearing the
reservoir and preventing further erosion is needed.
•
Bang Tao, Moo 2, Choeng Talay, Thalang
o Choeng Talay SAO
The drainage system of this village is severely blocked with debris and in need of clearing to
prevent flooding. Additional water storage facilities are required to store a sufficient amount of
water for the villagers during the dry season.
The village reservoir is regularly polluted with sand and silt from the erosion of surrounding land
during periods of heavy rainfall. Help in clearing the reservoir and preventing further erosion is
needed.
•
Bang Tao Nok, Moo 5
o Choeng Talay SAO
Bang Tao Nok requires help to unblock and repair its water drainage system. The village
reservoir is regularly polluted with sand and silt from the erosion of surrounding land during
periods of heavy rainfall. Help in clearing the reservoir and preventing further erosion is needed.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
63
•
Pasak, Moo 4
o Choeng Talay SAO
The village reservoir is regularly polluted with sand and silt from the erosion of surrounding land
during periods of heavy rainfall. Help in clearing the reservoir and preventing further erosion is
needed.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
64
Photographs of Tsunami Damage in Choeng Talay
The following photographs were taken and provided by Rongrit Chaihanan at Choeng Talay SAO.
The images show the damage to water and sanitation facilities in the sub-district 2-4 days after
the tsunami. Although much of the damage has subsequently been repaired these images
demonstrate the extent of the disaster’s effects on the area.
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
65
Choeng Talay Reservoirs
Rongrit Chaihanan at Choeng Talay SAO also provided the following photographs of two of
Choeng Talay’s reservoirs.
Ai Jud Reservoir, Moo 2, Bang Tao,
Choeng Talay
Wat Rang Reservoir, Pasak, Moo 4,
Choeng Talay
Bang La Reservoir, Had Surin, Moo 3,
Choeng Talay.
Koh Kang Cow Reservoir, Bang Tao Nok,
Moo 5, Choeng Talay
T: +66 (0) 76 420 808, F: +66 (0) 76 420 810,
W: www.d-trac.org
66

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