rescue engine 33 - Traditions Training, LLC

Transcription

RESCUE ENGINE 33
OPERATIONAL MANUAL
RESCUE ENGINE 33
2000 PIERCE DASH
1250 GPM PUMP / 500 GAL TANK / 20 KW GENERATOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIRE SUPPRESSION ....................................................................... 5
ENGINE COMPANY ................................................................... 6
RESCUE SQUAD ...................................................................... 6
RAPID INTERVENTION TEAM ........................................................ 6
INVENTORY OF EQUIPMENT ............................................................. 8
SMALL TOOL OPERATION AND SPECIFICATIONS.................................. 15
AIR SOURCE MAX-AIR C.A.R.T. ............................................... 15
ARCAIR SLICE PACK ................................................................ 16
CUTTER’S EDGE CHAIN SAW ...................................................... 18
HI-LIFT JACKS ...................................................................... 19
HURST HIGH PRESSURE AIRBAG SYSTEM ....................................... 22
HURST HYDRAULIC RESCUE SYSTEM ............................................. 23
HYDRA-RAM ......................................................................... 27
PARATECH ACME THREAD STRUTS ............................................... 31
SENSIT HXG-2 COMBUSTIBLE GAS METER ................................... 33
QRAE PLUS PGM-2000 MULTI GAS MONITOR ............................... 35
UNIFIRE DS-3P4 POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION FAN .................... 38
WHIZZER SAW (AIR CUT OFF TOOL) ............................................ 39
WSAD AND HOTSTICK ............................................................ 40
VEHICLE RESCUE ......................................................................... 42
STABILIZATION ..................................................................... 42
PARATECH ACME THREAD STRUT SYSTEM ....................................... 43
GLASS / TRIM ....................................................................... 45
AIRBAG SAFETY ..................................................................... 45
DOOR REMOVAL .................................................................... 46
COMPLETE SIDE REMOVAL......................................................... 48
THIRD DOOR CONVERSION ........................................................ 50
DASH DISPLACEMENT .............................................................. 51
AIRBAGS ............................................................................. 56
ROPE RESCUE ............................................................................. 58
DEFINITIONS ........................................................................ 58
BASIC KNOTS ....................................................................... 63
BASIC ANCHOR SYSTEMS.......................................................... 69
CRITICAL ANGLES .................................................................. 72
BELAY SYSTEMS .................................................................... 75
MUNTER HITCH ..................................................................... 76
HAUL SYSTEMS ..................................................................... 77
STOKES BASKET .................................................................... 78
MACHINERY RESCUE .................................................................... 79
WHIZZER SAW ...................................................................... 80
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING TORCH ................................................. 81
ARCAIR SLICE PACK ................................................................ 83
TECHNICAL RESCUE ..................................................................... 86
WATER / ICE RESCUE .............................................................. 86
COLLAPSE RESCUE ................................................................. 88
SHORING SYSTEMS ................................................................. 89
TRENCH RESCUE .................................................................... 92
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE......................................................... 96
FIRE SUPPRESSION
RIDING POSITIONS – FOUR MAN COMPANY
1 – Chaueffeur
2 – Officer
3 – Layout / Hookman
4 – Lineman / Barman
RIDING POSITIONS – FIVE MAN COMPANY
1 – Chaueffeur
2 – Officer
4 – Backup / Outside Vent Man
RIDING POSITIONS – SIX MAN COMPANY
1 – Chaueffeur
2 – Officer
4 – Backup / Outside Vent Man
5 – Backup / Roofman
ENGINE COMPANY:
Tools, Riding Assignments and Responsibilities
When operating as an Engine Company, the fireman behind the Officer will be the
Lineman and the fireman behind the Chauffeur will be the Layout Man; for a five or
six man company, the remaining firemen will be the Backup Men. The responsibilities
will be as follows:
Chauffeur – Apparatus placement; assist w/line placement; ensure water supply and
delivery; throw ladders.
Officer - Size up, crew direction, line placement
Lineman - Run the correct line
Layout - Layout and flake out line, feed hose
Backup - Flake the line out, feed hose
RESCUE SQUAD:
In the event that the Rescue Engine is to function as the Squad, the fireman behind
the Officer will be the Barman and the fireman behind the Chauffeur will be the
Hookman; for a five man company, the fifth fireman will be the Outside Vent Man
(OVM); for a six man company, the sixth man will be the Roofman. The
responsibilities and tool assignments will be as follows:
Chauffeur – Apparatus placement, ventilation; saws, ladders, and roof tools
Officer - Size up and crew direction; TIC, hook, radio
Barman - Forcible entry, search; Halligan, axe, HydraRam
Hookman - Search, ventilation; Hook and can
OVM - Outside ventilation; Hook, Bar, Saw, and ladders
Roofman – Vertical ventilation, including opening the roof if appropriate; Saws, roof
tools, life rope, utility rope
RAPID INTERVENTION TEAM:
Rapid Intervention is one of the most vital functions on the fireground, and it is
important that members take a proactive role in ensuring situational preparedness.
When the Rescue Engine is assigned Rapid Intervention duties, the crew will
assemble all tools/equipment and take a position near the command post or other
appropriate location as determined by the Company Officer. After performing a 360°
size up, the Company Officer may direct the crew to perform certain functions that
may directly impact the safety of the fireground, particularly those that may facilitate
more effective rescue operations. These include, but are not limited to removal of
security bars, placement of ladders, clearing out of windows, forcing exterior doors,
etc. Throughout this operation, it will take discipline and discretion on the part of the
Company Officer to ensure that his crew remains uncommitted and ready to deploy.
In the event of a RIT deployment, the members of the Rescue Engine crew will have
reassigned responsibilities to facilitate a more efficient rescue operation. The Officer
and Barman will work together to locate the victim; the Hookman will be responsible
for bringing the RIT pack. The Chauffeur will remain at the interior team’s point of entry. The OVM in a five man company will join the interior team; the Roofman in a
six man company will remain with the Chauffeur.
After the downed fireman is located, it is important that members operate efficiently
and without duplication of effort. For this reason, the Hookman will be responsible for
air management (evaluating victim’s SCBA, face piece and air level, connecting and
managing RIT pack, etc.) and the Barman will be responsible for packaging the
victim (adjusting SCBA straps as necessary, fashioning webbing slings, etc.).
INVENTORY OF EQUIPMENT
Front Bumper
Warn 12,000 lb winch w/100’ 7/16” cable
(2) 150’ 1½” Hoses w/combination pipes
Forward Cab
(1) Scott SCBA
Flashlight w/charger
Vulcan bar
Motorola mobile radio
(2) Motorola HT1000 portable radios
Mapbooks
Digital camera
Pager

Rear Cab
(4) Scott SCBA
(2) Halligan bars
(2) Flathead axes
2.5 Gallon pressurized water extinguisher
Hydra Ram w/bag, K-Tool and rubber mallet
MSA EVO5000 Thermal imaging camera
Lighted search line
First aid bag
Oxygen bag
Automatic External Defibrillator
Outside of Cab
Driver’s side
6’ NY hook
6” to 2½” Siamese valve
Officer’s Side
4’ NY roof hook
40’ Soft sleeve
Hydrant wrench
Officer’s Side Compartment 1
(4) 2’ Paratech Struts (2 w/extensions)
(2) 4’ Paratech Struts
Paratech Accessory Crate
(4) 6”x6” swivel tips
(2) 6”x6” hinge tips
(2) V-tips
(2) Piercing tips
(3) Ratchet straps – 883 lb working load
(1) 20’ chain
Air Source C.A.R.T.
High Pressure Airbags
20 Ton, 11” lift – 22”x22”
20 Ton, 11” lift – 27”x27”
26 Ton, 12” lift – 24”x24”
34 Ton, 14” lift – 27”x27”
34 Ton, 14” lift – 27”x27”
26 Ton, 9” lift – 40”x12”
34 Ton, 9” lift – 42”x15”
Air Bag Box & Lines
Hurst Airbag Dual Safety Deadman Controller
16.5’ (5m) Green air line
16.5’ (5m) Green air line
16.5’ (5m) Yellow air line
16.5’ (5m) Red air line w/stopcock
16.5’ (5m) Blue air line w/stopcock
C-Collar Bag
Whizzer Saw Box
Whizzer Saw
25’ 3/8” blue air hose
SCBA cylinder to air hose regulator
¾” wrench
7/32” Allen key
5 spare blades
Air Tool Box
Impact Wrench
25’ 3/8” blue air hose
Air ratchet
Air chuck
Misc drivers
Air Chisel Box
Air Chisel
Air Snips
Blades
Skill Saw Box
110 V Skill saw
Battery powered Skill saw
Meter Bag
ThermoSpy Infra Red heat sensor
Voltage sensor
Sensit Meter
Flathead Screwdriver
Tool Box
(2) Quartz lights
(2) 110 V Sawzalls
Ram Extension Box
7”, 11”, 16” extensions
(3) Shackle pins
(2) L-brackets for rams
Hurst 32B hydraulic spreaders
Crash blanket
Tarp
Short backboard
Hydraulic Rams
(2) JL-20Bs, (2) JL-30Bs, (2) JL-60Bs
(2) Ram Tip Kits
Wedge, conical point, V-block, base plate, jaw adapter, (2) shackle pins
Glass Bag
Glass Master saw
Seatbelt cutter
(3) Rescue hammers
Spare Sawzall blades
Edge protection
Duct Tape
(2) 6’ Hurst chains w/detachable shackles
(2) 24 V Sawzalls
Circle-D light
Quartz light
Hurst JL-AC-SI 220 Power Unit
16’ red hydraulic extension hose
30’ green hydraulic extension line
Rear Compartments
(2) 10’ 2”x4”s (2) 10’ 4”x4”s (2) 10’ 4”x6”s
Elevator poles
24’ Extension ladder
16’ Roof ladder
10’ Attic ladder
6’ Boston rake
4’ NY hook
(36) 2’ 4”x4”s
(6) 2’ 6”x6”s
(6) 2’ 2”x4”s
(3) 12” wedges
(6) 18” wedges
(8) Step chocks
Hose Bed
1600’ 3” Hose w/2 ½” double female at 800’
2½” double male, 2½” to 1½”, layout rope on last 50’
400’ 1½” Hose w/low pressure combination pipe
250’ 1½” Hose w/ combination pipe
Driver’s Side Compartment 1
(2) 6’ Paratech struts w/ bases
Driver’s Halligan bar (w/D-rings)
1 ½” combination pipe
1 ½” smoothbore pipe
2 ½” smoothbore pipe
Big Easy lock out kit
3 Ton floor jack
30 Ton bottle jack
50’ air line
Wheel chock
Slide Out Tray 1
(3) 2 ½” double males
(3) 2 ½” double females
(2) 2 ½” to 1 ½” reducers
1 ½” to 2 ½” increaser
(2) Hydrant wrenches
(2) Spanner wrenches
Rubber Mallet
Small, medium and large bolt cutters
Slide Out Tray 2
18”, 24” Pipe wrenches
Duckbill lock breaker
Spare circular saw blades
Winch controller
Slide Out Tray 3
(2) 10 lb Sledge hammers
(2) 6lb Flathead axes
Rubber Mallet
Man in Machine Kit
10 Ton Porta-Power
(2) Plastic Wedges
6”x6” 1.5 Ton / 3” lift air bag
6”x12” 3.2 Ton / 3.5” lift air bag
10”x10” 4.8 Ton / 5” lift air bag
Work gloves
(2) Pry bars
Bottles of water
(2) Flattened spoons
Flathead, Phillips screwdrivers
Ball peen hammer
Small pipe wrench
Crescent wrench
Channel locks
Tin snips
Small hand saw
Sawzall blade
1 ½ Ton cable come-a-long
3 Ton cable come-a-long
Driver’s SCBA
Tow Strap Box
(2) 25’ 4” straps
(2) 20’ 2” straps (4000 lbs vertical)
12’ 2” strap (6400 lbs vertical, 5000 lbs choker, 12800 lbs basket)
(2) 5’ 2” loops (6400 lbs vertical, 5000 lbs choker, 12800 lbs basket)
Chain Box
10’ Chain
20’ Chain
½” 2 Ton shackle
(3) 5/8” 3¼ Ton shackles (2) ¾” 4¾ Ton shackles
7/8” 9½ Ton shackle
Ratchet Strap Box
(5) 2” x 27’ straps (3,300 lbs)
(5) Ratchets
Pulley (Cable) Box
J hook (5,400 lbs)
Pulley (8 Tons)
Bottom Shelf
Short Board
Unifire DS-3P4 Positive pressure fan
Hurst JL-4G Portable power unit
(2) 30’ Hydraulic lines
Saw accessory box
Middle Shelf
K1200 Rescue saw
Cutter’s Edge saw
(2) Gas cans
Top shelf
Junction box w/200’ cord reel
Hurst X-Tractor hydraulic cutters
Hurst ML-16S Maverick combination tool
Topside Driver’s Side Rear Compartment
200’ ½” Lifeline
150’ ½” Lifeline
150’ 5/8” Lifeline
300’ 5/8” Lifeline
(5) 4’ Spikes
Rope Hardware
(3) 4” Double pulleys
(1) 2” Self-jamming pulley
(3) 2” Self-jamming double pulleys
(3) 2” Pulleys
(3) 2” Double pulleys
(1) 2” Swing-sided pulley
(1) 4” Swing-sided pulley
(1) Rigging plate
(2) Rappel racks
(2) Rescue 8’s
(4) Ascenders
(2) Large carabineers
(30) Small carabineers
Webbing and Harnesses Box
(2) Class II harnesses
(2) 40’ Stokes basket webbing straps
(1) 25’ Length of 1” tubular webbing
(2) 15’ Lengths of 1” tubular webbing
(3) 12’ Lengths of 1” tubular webbing
(1) 72” Length of 1” tubular webbing
(5) Short prussics
(4) Long prussic
Technical Rescue Rigger’s Guide
Harness Bag
(2) Class III harnesses
Stokes basket bridle
Topside Driver’s Side Forward Compartment
Stokes basket
Scott RIT Pak
Backboards
Topside Officer’s Side Rear Compartment
(52) 24” 4”x4”s
Topside Officer’s Side Forward Compartment
WSAD & Metro box
(2) 200’ 1½” Utility ropes
(3) Personal flotation devices w/ throw rope
(2) Hi-Lift Jacks
Shovels and brooms
Dunnage Compartment
Deck Gun (attached) w/stream straightener, 2”, 1 ¾”, 1 ½”, 1 3/8” tips
Monitor base
(4) Buckets of AFFF foam
(2) 100’ 1½” hoses w/2½” to 1½” reducers and combination pipes
Officer’s bag w/50’ 1 ½” hose w/combination pipe
Water Cooler
6’ Trash rake
SMALL TOOL OPERATION AND
SPECIFICATIONS
AIR SOURCE MAX-AIR C.A.R.T.
The Air Source MAX-AIR C.A.R.T a mobile continuous air supply system for operating
pneumatic powered tools. By switching to the reserve cylinder, an expended cylinder
can be removed and replaced without shutting down the supply of air to the tools.
The Air Source C.A.R.T. can supply multiple pneumatic powered rescue tools at
various operating pressures. It is equipped with four individual tool supply outlets,
including one dedicated air bag controller supply preset to 115 PSI, two fully
adjustable pneumatic tool supply outlets with customer chosen quick disconnect
sockets, and one full manifold pressure (350 PSI) outlet for AIR shoring equipment.
Model #: F-UAC-001-501
Total weight: 30 pounds without cylinders
Low Air pressure warning whistle signals when cylinder supplies need to be changed
over
ARCAIR SLICE PACK
For Operating Procedure, see Ch VI – Technical Rescue
Oxygen Usage
The oxygen consumption rate for the SLICE cutting rods at 80 PSI is 7 to 7.5 cfm for
the 1/4" diameter cutting rods and 11 to 12 cfm for the 3/8" diameter cutting rods.
Rod Burntime
Listed are the approximate burntimes for the various SLICE rod diameters and
lengths:
¼” x 22” - 40 - 45 seconds
¼” x 44” - 80 - 90 seconds
3/8” x 18” - 30 - 35 seconds
3/8” x 36” - 60 - 70 seconds
Cutting Rates
Catalog No. 63-991-002
DESCRIPTION
CATALOG NO.
SLICE Pack Complete 120 VAC/60Hz
SLICE Pack Complete 220 VAC/50Hz
Case Assembly
Battery Box Assembly
SLICE Torch Assembly
Striker Assembly
1/4" Cutting Rods (Qty. 25)
Collet Extension Assembly
1/4-20 x 1-1/4" Screw (2 Req’d.)
Spacer (2 Req’d.)
10" Rubber Tie Down
Oxygen Regulator
Oxygen Cylinder 55 Cu. Ft.
Charging Cable, 120VAC/60 HZ
Charging Cable, 220VAC/50 HZ
Outfit Wrench
Outfit Wrench
Instruction Manual
63-991-002
63-991-005
94-134-034
96-076-021
03-003-006
72-012-002
43-049-002
94-168-023
97-192-158
94-802-209
94-861-003
94-698-084
94-208-002
96-130-297
96-130-296
94-960-063
94-960-064
89-250-845
CUTTER’S EDGE CHAIN SAW
See Attached Manual for specifications and maintenance procedures.
HI-LIFT JACKS
Rating: 4,660 lbs
Safety bolt shear weight: 7,000 lbs
Base plate: 28 square in
Jack Components
Running Gear Components
Raising a Stationary Load
1. Securely chock, stabilize the load to prevent it from rolling or shifting during lift.
2. Place base plate on a firm, level surface with steel bar pointing straight up.
3. Lift the reversing latch until it locks in the up position.
4. Pull the handle away from the steel standard bar, releasing the handle clip spring.
5. Grasp the handle or the handle socket and raise the lifting mechanism until the
large runner is completely and securely under the load.
6. Pump the handle up and down to raise the load. Do not use an extension on the
handle. The load will be raised on each down stroke of the handle. Watch the load
and the jack carefully. Stop lifting if either one starts to move. Do not continue until
it is safe to do so. When safe, stabilize and block the load.
7. When the load is raised to the desired height, place the handle in the upright
position clipped to the steel standard bar.
8. Crib the load securely and lower the load onto the cribbing.
Lowering a Stationary Load
Note: The jack must have a load of 150 lbs. or more to lower step-by-step.
Otherwise, the lifting mechanism will slide down to the base plate, dropping your
load. Ensure all bystanders are clear of the load being lowered.
1. Position the jack under the raised load and raise the stationary load. Be sure the
handle is in the upright position clipped to the steel standard bar before lowering the
load.
2. Move the reversing latch to the down position.
3. Pump the handle up and down to lower the load. The load will be lowered on each
up stroke of the handle.
Unexpected movement of the jack handle may result in the user being struck causing
serious injury or death. Always keep your head away from and out of the jack handle
path of movement.
The jack handle may move rapidly when moving the reversing latch and cause
serious injury or death. Always place the handle against the steel standard bar with
the handle clip spring holding it up before moving the reversing latch. This will
prevent the handle from moving up and down rapidly. Securely hold on to the jack
handle so your hands do not slip and ensure the handle is not in the horizontal
position when moving the reversing latch.
Important! During lifting and lowering, the weight of the load pushes up against
the jack’s handle. If your hands slip off the handle, or if the handle is horizontal when you move the reversing latch, it may move up very quickly.
Winching
1. Make sure the top clamp-clevis is in line with the steel standard bar.
2. Install one end of a chain or tow strap securely to the object to be winched.
Securely attach the other end of the chain or tow strap to the top clamp-clevis of the
jack. Note: Use a shackle if the chain or tow strap will not fit through the top clampclevis of the jack.
3. Take another chain or tow strap and secure one end to a fixed, stable object.
Attach the other end of the chain or tow strap to the large runner on the jack (do not
attach chain or shackle to bottom hole of the large runner on the jack).
4. Operate the jack as you would for raising a load.
Always use chains or tow straps that have a greater working load than the jack. If a
chain or tow strap breaks while winching, the load could shift or the chain or tow
strap could snap back.
When used as a winch, the top clamp-clevis will support up to 5,000 lbs. (2273 kg).
Going over this limit will result in the top clamp-clevis bending or breaking, causing
the load to move or the chain or tow strap to snap back.
HURST HIGH PRESSURE AIRBAG SYSTEM
Hurst Airbag Dual Safety Airbag Controller
Part #: 409R002
Carrying case protects gauges, regulators, inlet hose,
operating instructions, and valve handles during use and
storage. Built-in high pressure permanently set
regulator; inlet air pressure gauge; dual liquid-filled
gauges for monitoring of air pressure in the bag. System
can operate from shop air compressors by disconnecting
the regulator from attached inlet hose.
Hurst High Pressure Rescue Bag Hoses
Standard Hoses
16.5 ft. (5 m) Blue 3 lbs Part # 353R081
16.5 ft. (5 m) Red 3 lbs Part # 353R082
16.5 ft. (5 m) Yellow 3 lbs Part # 353R083
16.5 ft. (5 m) Green 3 lbs Part # 353R084
Safety Hoses (with stopcock)
16.5 ft. (5 m) Blue 3.5 lbs Part # 353R072
16.5 ft. (5 m) Red 3.5 lbs Part # 353R073
16.5 ft. (5 m) Yellow 3.5 lbs Part #) 353R074
16.5 ft. (5 m) Green 3.5 lbs Part # 353R075
Field repairable couplings allow user to make simple repairs in case of damage
Couplings are male/female quick disconnect
Resistant to oil, grease, hydraulic fluid, and ultraviolet light
Safety hose allows bag to remain inflated while disconnected from controller;
stopcock must be on the end connected to the controller.
HURST HYDRAULIC RESCUE SYSTEM
Hurst JL-AC-SI 220V Power Unit
Part #: 363R163
Motor: Leeson 3 HP 230V single phase 60 Hz electric motor, catalog #120824, model
#P145K34FC6C
Maximum current draw: 24 amps
Reservoir:
Total weight: 88 lbs
Hurst JL-4G Portable Power Unit
Part #: 363R253
Engine: Briggs and Stratton, 5 horsepower, 4-cycle, air-cooled, gasoline
Hydraulic pump: Hale positive displacement, rated at 10,000 PSI; 5,000 PSI
operating pressure through internal relief valve
Reservoir capacity: 6 quarts
Hurst JL-32B Spreaders
Part #: No longer produced
Opening force: 18,000 lbs at the tips
Closing force: 18,800 lbs at the tips
Opening and closing time (without a load): 11 seconds.
Maximum opening distance: 32 inches
Hurst X-Tractor Cutters
Part #: 362R314
Cutting force (at blade center): 38,000 lbs
Cutting force (at notch): 71,100 lbs
Maximum opening distance: 6”
Hurst ML-16S Maverick Combination Tool
Part #: 362R176
Spreading force: 13,000 lbs
Pulling force: 8,100 lbs
Cutting force: 60,000 lbs
Maximum opening distance: 16”
Maximum cutter opening: 9”
Hurst C-Series Rams
Model #
Part #
JL-20C
JL-30C
JL-60C
257R095
257R097
257R094
Closed
Length
15”
22”
34”
Open
Length
22”
36”
60”
Pushing
Force
15,700 lbs
15,700 lbs
15,700 lbs
Pulling
Force
N/A
9,500 lbs
9,500 lbs
Weight
18.1 lbs
24.4 lbs
36.4 lbs
NOTE: The JL-20C will only extend (push) and DOES NOT have the capability to
provide pulling force when retracting
Hurst Ram Attachment Kit
Part #: 257R037
Conical Point (Part #347R021) - Makes a quick access hole to prepare an opening for
spreading tools.
Wedge - (Part #347R022) Used for lifting, separating, cutting, dividing.
Base Plate - (Part #347R023) Permits larger bearing surface to better distribute
forces and minimize surface penetration and indentation.
"V" Block - (Part #347R024) Secures gripping of uneven or round surfaces, such as
steering column shafts and pipes.
Jaws Adapter - (Part #347R025) Allows connection of any attachment to 32-B
spreaders.
Shackle Pins - (Part #1890018) For quick attachment hookup.
Hurst Chains
Part #: 3640003
(2) 6’ chains with shackle, grab hook
Rating: C-8, 13,000 lbs
Secured with shackle pins, can be attached to JL-32B without removing tips
Hoses and Couplings
Part #s: 3530022 (30’ orange);; 3530016 (16’ orange);; 353R090 (30’ green) 353R091 (16’ green)
Burst pressure rating: 20,000 PSI
Inside diameter: ¼”
The hose has a non-perforated polyurethane cover for easy maintenance.
Quick disconnect couplings with "slot and pin" design
Reels
Part #: 542R040 (orange), 542R047 (green)
Electric 12V DC rewind model w/100’ of hose
HYDRA-RAM
The Hydra-Ram is a one piece, pressurized hydraulic forcible entry tool, specifically
designed to force inward opening doors. The hydraulic pump provides pressure to
the 5-ton (10,000 lb) ram for a maximum jaw spread of 4 inches. The Hydra-Ram
has an internal dump relief valve, which will activate when the 5-ton capacity has
been reached. The relief valve will reset automatically once the load is reduced. To
generate maximum spreading force, the tool requires 138 lbs of pressure at the
handle.
The tool operates on a 3-stage hydraulic system. With 0-400 lbs. of load it will
extend 3/4″ per pump, with maximum extension of 4″ in 8 pumps. 400-1200 lbs.
will extend 1/4″ per pump, and over 1200 lbs. will extend 1/8″ per pump. The tool is
designed to quickly take up the slack in a door being forced, then apply a measured
amount of force to break it.
Pre-Service Inspection
To check the status of the hydraulic system, fully extend the shaft. There is a nickelsized hole where the shaft extends from the body. Insert a screwdriver all the way
into the hole, mark the depth, and remove the screwdriver. If the depth mark is
greater than 5 inches, the tool has lost its charge and needs to be serviced by the
manufacturer.
Check the position of the release lever when it is in the closed position. In the
normally closed position, it should be between 10 o’clock and 11 o’clock. The springloaded lever operates a ball-seat valve; if the valve is out of adjustment, the ball
won’t seat properly, and the tool will not be able to properly develop pressure. If the
lever is at or beyond 12 o’clock or if it does not rebound smoothly, it must be
removed and lubricated.
Finally, because a faulty internal seal will not be made evident simply by exercising
the tool, check it under load by lifting a heavy object (vending machine, Dumpster,
etc.). The Hydra-Ram should be able to lift the weight and hold it without retracting.
Return to Service Procedure
The Hydra-Ram is water proof, so it can be cleaned of fireground debris with soap
and water. After cleaning, fully extend the cylinder, wipe it with a clean rag, and oil
the shaft. If there are any black streaks on the shaft, clean with metal polish, then
reapply oil. After oiling, exercise the tool under load.
MSA EVOLUTION 5000 THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA
The Evolution 5000 TIC detects thermal energy radiated/generated from surrounding
objects and converts this energy into a visual image. Hot objects appear white; cold
objects appear black. The unit is dust and water-resistant to withstand short-term
immersion in up to three feet of water. The Evolution 5000 has a 160 x 120
microbolometer thermal detector array.
Turning the Camera On/Off
Normal Mode
1. To turn the camera on, press the Power (green) button on the TIC handle and
hold for approximately one second.
2. Wait approximately five seconds for the infrared sensor electronics to self-test.
3. Verify the camera is functioning by aiming at an object or person until the thermal
image appears in the camera viewer.
Note: The Evolution 5000 POWER button has a momentary pushbutton switch that
requires deliberate, one-second activation to activate. Rapid repeated depression of
the Power button may cause the TIC start-up software to lock, and a picture will not
display (LEDs may still activate). If this condition occurs, simply turn the TIC off and
back on using slow, deliberate button presses.
Standby Mode
To conserve battery consumption, the camera is equipped with a Standby Mode
feature. To activate, press the POWER button until the display shuts off and the
system status LED begins to flash green. To return to Normal Mode from Standby
Mode, press the Power (green) button.
Turning the Camera Off
To turn the camera off, press and hold the green Power button in for four seconds.
The green STATUS LED flashes during the power-off countdown to confirm effective
button press. When all LED indicators shut OFF, the user may release the green
Power button.
On-Screen and LED Indicators
A - Low Sensitivity Mode Indicator – An on-screen sensitivity indicator ("L")
informs the user when the camera is in the low sensitivity (Firefighting) mode. In
high-heat conditions, the TIC will automatically enter the Low Sensitivity (or
Firefighting) mode. While in Low Sensitivity mode, the TIC’s dynamic range is extended, thereby allowing the user to make better distinction of objects and people
within a higher temperature range. When the Evolution 5000 TIC is in Low Sensitivity
mode, the letter "L" appears in the lower left corner of the display.
B - Shutter Indicator - An on-screen indicator that tells the user when the TIC is
shuttering appears as a green square in the upper left corner of the display. While
the TIC is in operation, it is periodically necessary for the TIC to refresh the focal
plane in order to operate properly. This occurs via an internal shutter mechanism.
When the TIC shutters, the image on the display temporarily freezes for about one
second. Shuttering can occur more frequently in higher heat conditions. This is
normal for all microbolometer - based TICs.
C - Quick-Temp Indicator - On-screen operating Quick Temp spotter and vertical
bar gauge spans temperatures from 32°F (0°C) to 300°F (150°C) in High Sensitivity
mode and 32°F (0°C) to 1000°F (500°C) in Low Sensitivity mode for objects located
in the spotter. The digital temperature feature displays the approximate numeric
value of the temperature of objects located in the spotter.
D - Over Temperature Warning – Warning activates when the system electronics
approach maximum recommended operating temperature limits. Not lit indicates
system is within operational thermal limits Flashing Red indicates the TIC has
exceeded recommended operational thermal limits.
E - System Status Indicator - A single LED shows the operational status of the
TIC.
Green indicates the TIC is ON and fully operational
Flashing Green indicates the TIC is ON and in power-saving Standby mode.
F - Battery Status Indicator - Battery capacity is shown by a row of three LEDs:
one green, one yellow, and one red. Only one of the three battery status indicators
will be illuminated at any one time.
Green indicates full or nearly full battery capacity
Yellow indicates marginal battery capacity
Red indicates battery warning and nominally 15 minutes of battery life
remaining
Flashing Red indicates battery shutdown is imminent, about one minute of
warning time.
PARATECH ACME THREAD STRUTS
The Acme Thread Strut System consists of various sizes of extendible struts
plus various base plates, end plates and extensions. Each strut consists essentially of
a 2.5" (6.4cm) diameter aluminum alloy inner movable acme threaded shaft and a 3"
(7.6cm) diameter aluminum alloy outer tube. The design of the acme thread strut
permits “soft” placement with sensitive positioning, and locking at an infinite number of extended positions within the range of the strut. When the strut is extended, an
acme threaded nut moves with the inner, acme threaded shaft; the nut can be
manually turned down the inner shaft and secured against the outer tube to lock the
strut in the desired extended position. This feature permits the acme thread strut to
lock at any desired set point rather than at a predetermined specific set point
resulting in the gentle yet secure support of an area with a minimum of shock and
displacement of the load. The strut axial crush strength exceeds 50,000 lbs.
Paratech RescueStruts Load Table
Working Load (lbs) at the Following Safety Factors:
Length
2’
4’
6’
8’
10’ 12’
2:1
43,500
35,880
28,250
24,050
10,725
7,660
3:1
29,000
23,920
18,830
16, 030
7,1509
5,000
4:1
21,750
17,940
14,125
12,025
5,360
3,830
SENSIT HXG-2 COMBUSTIBLE GAS METER
Specifications
Size: 3.5" x 10" x 1.6"
Weight: 1.3 lb.
Construction: High impact ABS, can withstand a 10' drop
Battery Power: 3 "C" alkaline batteries
Battery Life: 30 hours of operation
Gooseneck: 16" reach
Sensor Type: Solid state
Sensitivity: To 10 ppm
Response Time: Less than 1 second
Alarm Set: 0.5% methane (10% LEL)
Partial List of Gasses Sensed
Methane, Natural Gas, Ammonia, Hydrogen, Butane, Propane, Acetone, Gasoline,
Halon, Jet Fuel, Refrigerants, Ethylene Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Lacquer Thinner,
Industrial Solvents, Alcohol
Operation
1. Turn the instrument on in a gas free environment. The instrument will go through
a warm-up process. CAUTION: If the instrument is in an area where detectable gases
are present, the alarms may not stop.
2. During warm-up, it is normal but not required, that the ticking sound increases
and the alarms indicate for a short time. While the instrument is warming up the tick
rate will slowly decrease until it becomes steady. The alarms will also stop indicating
as the instrument completes warm-up. The time required for this will vary depending
on the duration of time since the instrument was last used.
3. Once warm-up is complete adjust the TICK ADJUST control to establish a slow
uniform tick rate. Only after the tick rate remains steady is the instrument ready for
calibrated use. To identify the presence of gas vapors or leaks listen for any change
in the tick rate. If the tick rate increases, the instrument has detected the presence
or location of a leak. As the level of gas increases the tick rate will increase
accordingly. The alarms activate as they reach 0.5% gas (10% of LEL methane) or
above. This is a potentially hazardous environment.
4. To pinpoint a leak source it may be necessary to readjust the tick rate. The
“Nullable Tick Rate” feature allows the rate to be slowed and reestablished even in high gas concentrations. By turning the TICK ADJUST counterclockwise and
reestablishing a slow tick rate as needed the meter will continually identify higher
levels of gas, thereby locating the leak source. Remember, an increase in the tick
rate means you are getting closer while a decrease means you are moving further
away from the leak source.
5. To continue searching for a leak while the alarm is sounding, you may choose to
depress the QUIET ALARM button on the back of the instrument. This will silence the
audible portion of the alarm and allow the user to listen to the tick rate pattern. The
visual red flashing LED will still be seen when the instrument is alarming even if the
QUIET ALARM button is used. You will note that the tick rate is independent of the
alarm which is calibrated to the appropriate gas concentration.
6. If the sensor is overexposed to some gases, the unit may take an extended period
of time to return to calibrated ready condition.
7. If the green LED flashes or does not illuminate this is an indication that the
batteries need replacement.
Battery Change Procedure
To change the batteries, depress the latch using a coin and slide the battery
compartment cover off. Replace the batteries with 3 fresh “C” alkaline batteries. A fresh set of alkaline batteries should operate the unit for approximately 30 hours.
QRAE PLUS PGM-2000 MULTI GAS MONITOR
Dimensions: 3” L x 4.5” W x 1.8” H
Detectors: 2 Electrochemical toxic gases sensors, 1 Electrochemical oxygen sensor, 1
Catalytic/Thermal conductivity sensor for combustibles
Battery: Alkaline battery adapter (2 AA’s)
Direct Readout: Up to 4 instantaneous values, sensor name, high and low values for
all sensors, TWA and STEL values for toxic, battery voltage and elapsed time
Operation
Turn on the monitor in a clean atmosphere by holding [MODE] for 1 second. Note
that when the monitor is taken out of the transport case and is turned on for the first
time, there may be some residual vapors trapped inside the monitor and the initial
toxic gas sensors may indicate a few ppm. After running the monitor for several
minutes in clean air, the residual vapors should clear and readings should return to
near zero.
The Q-RAE Plus monitor has two operation modes. Basic mode is the simplest mode
of operation. The monitor alternately displays the instantaneous concentration
readings and the sensor names after the monitor is turned on. The user can press
the [MODE] key to see critical data, battery voltage or enter the PC communication
mode. Advanced mode displays more information than the Basic mode and allows
access to more programming functions beyond the scope of this manual.
[MODE] Hold for 1 second and release to turn ON; hold for 5 seconds to turn OFF;
toggle to different displays. Exit program menu tier; exit data entry mode when held
for 1 second
[N/-] Answer “No” to a question;; decrease a number; toggle the backlight on & off.
[Y/+] Answer “Yes” to a question;; increase a number;; test alarm;; alarm condition acknowledgment
Alarm Signals and Reset
Battery Change Procedure
The AA Alkaline battery adapter supplied by RAE Systems is intrinsically safe. An
alkaline battery adapter accepts two AA batteries and can be used in place of the Li-
ion battery pack, as shown below, to provide approximately 6 hours of operation,
when there is no time to charge the Li-ion battery pack. The monitor draws power
from the battery pack even when turned off. Severe damage to the circuit board may
occur if the battery pack is not disconnected before servicing the unit or replacing
sensors or any other components inside.
External Filter
The external filter is made of PTFE (Teflon®) membrane with a 0.2 micron pore size
to prevent water and dust from being sucked into the sensor manifold, and to
prolong the operating life of the sensors and pump. The external filter should be
replaced if it changes color, traps dust or other particulates, or if water has been
sucked into it.
UNIFIRE DS-3P4 POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION FAN
Engine: Honda GX 160, 163cc (9.9 cu in) 5.5 HP, 4-cycle w/overhead valve
Propeller: 18” / 4 blade
Air Displacement: 14,885 CFM
WHIZZER SAW (AIR CUT OFF TOOL)
The Whizzer saw or air cut off tool is a tool adopted from the automotive repair
industry. The tool's portability as well as its ability to make difficult and intricate cuts
made it suitable for this application. The abrasive disk spins at more than 20,000
rpm. As with other pneumatic tools, periodic lubrication with pneumatic oil is
necessary to keep the tool running at maximum efficiency and extend its work life.
Specifications
Wheel Size: 2-7/8”
Arbor Size: 3/8”
Average Air Consumption: 4.0 CFM
Free Speed: 20000 – 22000 RPM @ 90 PSI
Operating Procedure
1. Connect the saw an air source, usually an SCBA bottle. Consider using the tool
side of the air source cart, ensuring an uninterrupted air supply to the tool through
the entire cutting operation
2. Set the regulator to 118 PSI. The tool will step pressure down to 90 PSI.
3. Push the lever on the trigger forward to release the safety.
4. Depress the trigger to wind up the saw.
Note: Like ventilation saws, the Whizzer operates best at full speed. Avoid binding
the blade in the kerf of the cut by keeping it as straight as possible. If the saw
begins to bog, remove it and rev it up again before continuing the cut.
Blade Replacement Procedure
1. Disconnect the tool from the air source to prevent accidental activation. Depress
trigger to bleed trapped air.
2. Position open ended box wrench behind blade to prevent shaft from spinning
3. Remove screw and washer from center of blade with Allen wrench
4. Install new blade, reinstall and tighten screw and washer
5. Spin the blade by hand to insure that it spins true and does not wobble
6. Reattach the tool to the air source
WSAD AND HOTSTICK
The Warning Strobe and Audible Device (WSAD) will be attached to the third rail to
ensure that power has been shut down. The strobe light will activate if the device
measures 50V; the audible alarm will activate if the device measures 400V.
Pre-use Inspection
Prior to attaching the system to the third rail, members must test both the Hotstick
and the WSAD. The WSAD has test buttons for the strobe alarm and the audible
alarm. The Hotstick can be tested by inserting the large (current) and small (ground)
probes into a working 110V AC outlet.
Operating Procedure
IMPORTANT: When using the Hotstick and WSAD in the trackbed, members must use
extreme care to avoid coming into contact with the third rail. Kneel down on one
knee between the running rails and facing down the track. Always kneel on the knee
farthest from the third rail, to avoid falling in that direction. Whenever a member is
kneeling in the track bed, another member must be monitoring the track in both
directions of travel.
1. Using the Hotstick, ensure that the third rail power is down. Attach the small
(ground) probe to the running rail, then apply the large (current) probe to the third
rail. IMPORTANT: Remove the large (current) probe from the third rail first!
Removing the small (ground) probe first can be fatal!
2. With the WSAD resting on its side, place the white paddle on the outboard side of
the running rail. Use the metal scraper at the end of the paddle to clean the contact
surface if necessary. Check the Running Rail Connection light. If it is not on, repeat
scraping and reattach.
3. Attach the red paddle to the third rail. Check the Third Rail Connection light. If it is
not, move the paddle down the third rail until the light comes on.
4. Place the WSAD flat on the ground between the running rail and the third rail.
Remove all cords from the running rail and place them between the running rail and
the third rail.
If the either of the alarms on the WSAD activate, assume that power has been
restored to the third rail.
VEHICLE RESCUE
When operating as the Rescue Squad on the scene of a vehicle accident, the fireman
behind the Officer will be the Primary Tool Operator, and the fireman behind the
Chauffer will be the Secondary Tool Operator; for a five man company, the fifth
fireman will be the Glass Man. Upon arrival on the scene, the Officer will perform a
360° walk around while the Chauffer sets up tools and the rest of the company will
stabilize the vehicle. It is of utmost importance that stabilization be completed before
rescue operations are started. On most incidents, cribbing/stabilization will be
followed by flattening of the tires, removal of glass, seatbelts and trim, removal of
doors, posts and roof and finally displacement of the dash as needed to free the
victim. For the purposes of this manual, extrication scenarios will be divided into the
following categories: Vehicle on its wheels; vehicle on its side; and vehicle on its
roof. All other scenarios will be dealt with on a case by case basis by the Officer.
STABILIZATION
In most extrication scenarios, stabilization can be completed by supporting the
vehicle with wooden cribbing, either by stacking individual pieces or by using step
chocks. Wedges can be used to snug up contact between the crib and supported
object or change the direction of the crib (tilt).
Cribbing in place
When stacking cribbing, ensure that the stack gets wider at the base, as this ensures
proper weight distribution and stability. In the event that a box crib is to be built,
consider the following weight and height restrictions:
4 x 4 cribbing = 6,000lbs per intersecting point
6 x 6 cribbing = 15,000lbs per intersecting point
18” lengths can be stacked 3x = 54” high
24” lengths can be stacked 3x = 72” high
When making new cribbing, use soft woods, like spruce and pine are often preferred
because they crack slowly and make loud noises before completely failing, whereas
stiffer woods may fail explosively and without warning.
PARATECH ACME THREAD STRUT SYSTEM
If a vehicle is found resting on its side, Paratech rescue struts should be placed
against structurally significant points on the underside of the vehicle to secure it in
place. The Acme Thread Strut System consists of various sizes of extendible struts
plus various base plates, end plates and extensions. Each strut consists of a 2.5"
(6.4cm) diameter aluminum alloy inner movable acme threaded shaft and a 3"
(7.6cm) diameter aluminum alloy outer tube. When the strut is extended, an acme
threaded nut moves with the inner, acme threaded shaft; the nut must be manually
turned down the inner shaft and secured against the outer tube to lock the strut in
the desired extended position. This feature permits the acme thread strut to lock at
any desired set point rather than at a predetermined specific set point resulting in
the gentle yet secure support of an area with a minimum of shock and displacement
of the load. The strut axial crush strength exceeds 50,000 lbs.
Turning the acme threaded nut
43
Struts in place
After the strut is extended into place, the base must be secured to the vehicle with J
hooks or finger hooks attached to a ratchet strap. After feeding the slack strap
through the mechanism in the “Open” position, toggle the ratchet to the “Closed” position and apply tension to the system. Feeding excess slack through the ratchet
prior to tensioning prevents excess winding on the drum, which will limit the length
of strap the ratchet can take up.
Proper positioning of ratchet straps on vehicle
With the struts and straps in place, the vehicle must be secured in the opposite
direction of the struts to a stationary object. Most often, this can be accomplished by
using the winch on the Rescue Engine, though other options include the use of chains
and come-a-longs to another piece of apparatus, tree, abutment, etc. Webbing or
rope may also be used to accomplish this task. Only after these three steps have
been completed will a vehicle on its side be considered stable.
44
Vehicle on its side, stabilized by complete strut system
GLASS / TRIM
During the process of extricating a victim, forces acting on the vehicle may torsion
panels of glass in a way that makes them shatter. To prevent unexpected glass
failure, it is best to remove it in a controlled manner as early as possible in the
incident. While this can be accomplished with a variety of tools (center-punch, rescue
hammer, Halligan), it is important to prevent the glass from raining down on the
victim(s) and rescuer(s) by covering them with a tarp / rescue blanket. When it is
necessary for laminated glass (i.e. windshields, etc.) to be removed, the preferred
tools are the corded reciprocating saw and the Glass Master saw. Before the
extrication can continue, all the seatbelts must also be cut.
AIRBAG SAFETY
When performing extrication on any vehicle, it is important to disable the battery
early in the operation; disabling the battery will de-energize the supplemental
restraint systems. Because the capacitors associated with these systems will hold a
charge for some time after the battery has been disconnected, crews are to assume
all supplemental restraint systems to be live and treat them as such. As a general
rule, passenger’s side airbags will inflate to 20”, driver’s airbags to 10” and 5” for other supplemental restraints (door, seat, roof, floor, etc.). Make every effort to
avoid placing objects between airbags and the patient. Important: Supplemental
restraint systems are often located in the A, B and C posts and roof rail. If possible,
pry away interior trim prior to making any cuts to identify the presence and location
of airbag canisters and seatbelt pretensioners. If it is necessary to cut “blind”, avoid doing so in the middle of a post.
45
DOOR REMOVAL
Removing the doors of a vehicle is usually the fastest way to gain access to a
trapped victim, and is often all that is necessary to remove them. On a door without
inward deflection from the collision, the Vertical Crush method will be the preferred
approach; otherwise, the Horizontal Spread method may be used. Both will be
discussed in this section, though there may be other effective methods for individual
scenarios.
Vertical Crush
In order to initiate the Vertical Crush technique, the Primary Tool Operator will insert
the Hydraulic Spreaders into the window and begin to open the arms. With the top
arm resting against the top window frame / roof and the bottom arm against the
windowsill, spreading further will displace the door off of the Nader pin. At this point,
the Secondary Tool Operator can cut the hinges to complete the door removal.
Spreaders in place inside the window
Horizontal Spread
For the Horizontal Spread method to be effective, it is necessary to first obtain a
purchase point for the Hydraulic Spreads as close to the Nader pin as possible. This
can be accomplished by prying with the Halligan bar or pinching the skin of the door
with the Spreaders and prying away from the vehicle. Once a purchase point has
been established, the Primary Tool Operator will insert the spreaders into the gap in
the “Closed” position as close as possible to the Nader pin. While spreading the door away from the pin, it may be necessary to close and reposition the tool several times
in order to avoid separating the outer sheet metal from the rest of the door. This is
referred to as “skinning the door” and will cause the door to lose structural integrity, making the door removal more difficult. A skilled operator will be able to separate
the door from the pin with the spreaders; if the door is beginning to lose its integrity,
it may be more effective to sever the pin with the cutters. After the door is separated
from the pin, the Secondary Tool Operator can cut the hinges to complete the door
removal. This technique can also be completed from the “hinge” side of the door.
46
Pinching skin of door and peeling away to obtain purchase point
Spreaders inserted in proximity to the Nader pin
Cutting the Nader pin
47
COMPLETE SIDE REMOVAL
If the vehicle has sustained significant side impact damage, it may be more
expedient to forego individual door removal in favor of a Side Removal. To begin this
procedure, the crew will use the Vertical Crush or Horizontal Spread techniques to
open the rear door; it is important that the door not be removed from its hinges at
this point. The Secondary Tool Operator will cut the B-Post as high as possible,
followed by a relief cut into the B-post below the lowest hinge. The Primary Tool
Operator will then apply the spreaders, with one arm resting on the rocker panel and
the other below the hinge. This will allow him to spread up and away from the
vehicle; when applied correctly, this will shear both doors and the B-Post away from
the vehicle as a unit. The Secondary Tool Operator can then cut the hinges on the
front door to complete the side removal.
Opening the rear door
Cutting the B-post high
48
Relief cut in the base of the B-post
Tool in place, beginning to spread
49
Completed spread of side away from vehicle
Vehicle after complete side removed
THIRD DOOR CONVERSION
The above technique is for 4-door vehicles. If it is necessary to access the back seat
of a 2-door vehicle, the preferred method is the Third Door Conversion. After the
door is removed, the Secondary Tool Operator will make a horizontal relief cut as
deep as possible on the B-Post, and then cut the top of the B-Post. He will then make
a vertical relief cut as deep as possible just forward of the C-Post. The Primary Tool
Operator will then close his spreaders on the “third door” and pry it down and away from the vehicle.
50
DASH DISPLACEMENT
There are two options for displacing a dash off of a trapped occupant: The dash lift,
which utilizes hydraulic spreaders to lift the dash off of the patient and the dash roll,
which uses rams to roll the dash away from the patient.
Completed Dash Roll
Completed Dash Lift
51
Dash Lift
To perform the dash lift, the crew must first perform a side removal on the side of
the trapped victim, followed by a removal of the roof. The Secondary Tool Operator
will cut two notches as low on the A-Post as possible, approximately 3” apart. The Primary Tool Operator will pinch the metal with the spreaders and pry away from the
vehicle to create space for the spreaders. In order to weaken the structure of the
car, it will be necessary to crush or cut the fender above the wheel; this task can be
completed by either fireman. Prior to the final step, it is important to crib from the
ground to the bottom of the vehicle; this will prevent the spreaders from displacing
the floor downward and will direct all the force up into the dash. Finally, the Primary
Tool Operator will insert the spreaders into the gap created earlier and spread the
dash away from the victim.
Cribbing underneath the A-Post
Two notches cut in A-Post
52
Spreading away the flap created by the notches
Crushing fender
53
Spreading dash away from victim
54
Dash Roll
The Dash Roll is a more involved procedure in which the crew uses hydraulic rams to
displace the dash. After removing the front doors and the roof, the crew members
will place L brackets up against the B-Posts. In order to weaken the structure of the
car, it will be necessary to make relief cuts at the bottom of the A-Post near the
floorboard. Crew members will place rams on either side of the car, with the bottom
against the L bracket and the top in the curve of the A-Post. On the Officer’s signal,
the crew will extend both rams until the dash has been moved enough to remove the
victim. The rams may be extended with no more than one section, which will be
attached to the base of the hydraulic ram. After the spread is completed, cribbing
can be inserted into the relief cut to capture progress.
Relief cut at the bottom of the A-post, rams in place against L-brackets
Completed dash roll
55
AIRBAGS
If it is necessary to lift a vehicle or other heavy object, the preferred method will be
the use of high pressure airbags. Because they are inherently unstable, they must be
placed as close as possible to the object being lifted by setting them on built up
cribbing. As the object is lifted, space must be taken up with cribbing.
Airbag lifting capacity is determined by internal pressure and surface contact. As a
result, stacking increases lifting height only, with the capacity limited by the smaller
bag; aligning the bags in tandem (side-by-side) increases lifting capacity. Never
stack more than two bags on top of each other.
As an airbag is inflated surface area in contact with the object being lifted decreases.
Less contact area provides less stability, which is why cribbing is an integral part of
lifting with bags.
5 Rules of Lifting:
-Before lifting an object the “down” side should be cribbed properly
-Object to be lifted must be sized-up from all sides to determine points of gravity
-No lateral movement of the object is allowed
-Any height gained must be secured and maintained
-Airbags should not be considered stable
56
The air bag kit contains five (5) 16.5’ color-coded lines to connect the Hurst Airbag
Controller to the bags. The red and blue safety lines have ¼ turn petcocks attached,
allowing the hose to be removed from the controller without deflating the bag,
making them the primary use lines. The petcock must be on the side closest to the
controller.
Note: Because the bags are only inflated to 118 PSI, it is possible to keep even a
fully loaded bag inflated by covering the exposed nipple with a bare finger. While this
should not be used as a standard practice, it can be useful if a connection dislodges
or a line bursts.
Steps for Setting up the Airbags
1. Crib/stabilize the object being lifted
2. Select the appropriate size bag and hose
3. Turn on Air Source C.A.R.T. SCBA bottles. The regulator on the cart is preset to
118 PSI.
4. Connect the Hurst Airbag controller to the Air Source C.A.R.T. and activate the ¼
turn valve. If distance is an issue, extension hose may be used to connect the
controller to the cart.
5. Connect red and blue hoses to respective connections on airbag controller and to
individual airbags. Again, if distance is an issue, additional hoses may be placed
inline.
6. At the direction of the officer, the control man will slowly inflate the bags.
Commands should refer to bags by hose color, rather than bag location (i.e., “Up on red”, “Down on blue”, etc.).
7. Continue to reevaluate points of gravity, stability and crib/stabilize the object
being lifted as progress is achieved
57
ROPE RESCUE
DEFINITIONS
(From DCFD Rope Rescue Manual)
Anchor – An object or group of objects that can be safely used as an attachment
point for a rope rescue system.
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) – The group, person(s), or organization
tasked with the responsibility of approving any equipment, procedure, activity or
item associated with a particular area of technical rescue.
Belay – A method of providing fall protection to a rescuer and/or victim on rope.
This may involve a teammate in position to protect on rope personnel from below, or
an additional rope attached to the rescuer and/or victim from above.
Belay Line – A secondary line attached to the load in a rescue system. The belay
system may be identical to the main line system, but by design always remains
slightly slack, serving as a back up system to the main line.
Bend – A knot that connects the ends of two pieces of software together. A bend can
be used to form a loop by connecting the ends of a single piece together, or it can be
used to form a continuous line by joining the ends of two different pieces.
Bight - A configuration in rope, created when the rope is doubled back on itself with
the ends parallel but not crossing.
Block Creel Construction – A process of constructing rope so that all synthetic
fibers run the full length of the rope with no knots, braids, splices or welds. This is
required of NFPA 1983 compliant R/Q ropes. This is also known as continuous
filament construction.
Bombproof – This is a descriptive term for an anchor whose integrity will not come
into question under any circumstances. You will have total confidence in this type of
anchor.
Breaking Strength – see Minimum Breaking Strength (MBS)
Capsize – A change in the configuration of a knot or bend due to improper loading,
or the leg(s) being pulled in a direction that the knot was not designed to hold.
Capsizing can cause catastrophic failure of part or all of the system.
Cold Zone – The area of an operation that is the farthest from the actual incident.
This area will contain the command post, staging area, press information station,
rehab area and medical area. It is the area of least risk to rescuers.
Cordage – Small diameter rope – 9mm or less – used in rope rescue systems for
prussiks, rope grabs, load releasing hitches, self rescue and ascending.
58
Critical Angle – An angle created between rope rescue system components that
creates excessive force on the anchor points to which they are attached.
Critical Point – A point within a rope rescue system that, if it were to fail, would
cause failure of the entire system and cause the load to fall.
Descent Control Device (DCD) – A piece of hardware used in conjunction with
rope to allow a safe, controlled lowering of the load. DCDs work on the principle of
generating friction while in contact with the rope and slowing or stopping the descent
of the object. Eight plates and racks are the most common in the rescue service.
Dressing – Manipulating a knot or bend so that it will tighten into the strongest
possible configuration and prevent capsizing or failure.
Dynamic – (1) A type of rope that is constructed to provide a shock absorbing
ability. This is mainly used by sport climbers. (2) A type of anchor system that allows
movement or adjustment of the load through manipulation at the anchor site.
Emergency Egress Seat – A type of improvised Class 2 harness, tied using 2” tubular webbing. This seat has no redundancy and is secured with only one square
knot backed up by overhand safeties. Fire and rescue personnel should be able to tie
this seat in 90 seconds or less. Also known as a Quick Egress Seat.
General Use (G) – A classification given to rope, software, and hardware that meet
the NFPA1983, 2001 edition requirement for use where weights that exceed a oneman load may be encountered. This equipment can be used for light use, general use
and escape.
Hardware – Rope rescue equipment that includes but is not limited to ascenders,
descent control devices, carabiners, rigging rings, and pulleys. This equipment is
usually made of a metallic material that is normally steel, aluminum or a
combination.
High Angle – Any angle in a rope system that exceeds 45 degrees when compared
to a horizontal plane.
High Angle System - Any rope rescue system whose angle exceeds 45 degrees
when compared to a horizontal plane. Most, if not all of the weight of the load is
supported by the rope and anchor systems.
Hitch – A rope, webbing, or cordage configuration that depends on an internal
object for its structure. If the internal object is removed the hitch will not stand
alone, and disintegrates. The prussik hitch and the Muenter hitch are examples.
Hot Zone – The area of an operation where the actual rescue work is taking place.
This is the area of highest risk and only the necessary personnel should be in this
area.
Inherently Loose – A descriptive term given to a knot or bend that requires a backup safety due to the tendency to come untied or capsize under load. Examples of this
group of knots and bends are the bowline, square knot and becket bend.
59
Inherently Tight – A descriptive term given to knots or bends that do not require a
back-up safety when properly tied. They will not come untied or capsize under
repeated loading and unloading. Examples of these include the family of eights, the
butterfly, and the fisherman’s bend.
Kernmantle – A German term meaning “core and sheath.” The kern, or core of the rope is surrounded by the mantle, or sheath. The sheath protects the load-bearing
core.
Kilonewton (kN) – A figure related to weight in motion. One kilo Newton equals
~224 lbs. A lighter object that falls any distance can develop enough velocity to
generate more than its own weight at the bottom of the fall.
Knot – A rope, webbing or cordage configuration that incorporates twists and turns
in the material to create a nonmoveable figure that will stand alone with no internal
object needed to maintain its integrity. The Figure 8 family and the Butterfly would
be examples.
Light Use – A classification given to rope, software, and hardware that meet the
NFPA1983, 2001 edition requirement for use where weights that will not exceed a
one-man load may be encountered. This equipment can be used for light use and
escape.
Line – Rope in use.
Load – The amount of force delivered to a rope rescue system, combining the
effects of gravity, rescuers, victims, equipment, and friction.
Load Releasing Hitch (LRH) – A cordage or webbing configuration that allows for a
controlled transfer of the load from one component of the anchor system to another.
The Modified Mariner’s Hitch (webbing) and the Hokie Hitch (cordage) are the predominant LRH’s in use in this course.
Lockoff – A maneuver that secures the rope around the DCD, stopping all downward
travel and this would allow a rappeller to work hands free.
Loop – A configuration in rope that is created when the rope is doubled back, the
ends are crossed and point in opposite directions.
Low Angle – Any angle in a rope system that is 45 degrees or less when compared
to a horizontal plane.
Low Angle System – Any rope rescue system whose angle is 45 degrees or less
when compared to a horizontal plane.
Low Stretch – A descriptive term for static kernmantle rescue quality ropes. Under
current NFPA guidelines low stretch ropes allow no less than 1% and no greater than
10% stretch when placed under a load equal to 10% of the published MBS.
Main Line – The primary line to which the load is attached in a rescue system.
60
Minimum Breaking Strength – A figure derived from subtracting three standard
deviations from the mean result of at least five tests of random samples of a
production lot of life safety rope. This figure is expressed in kN.
Modified Swiss Seat – A type of improvised Class 2 harness tied using 25’ of 2” tubular webbing. This seat has closed leg loops and a series of redundant closed
waist loops, providing multiple backups to the system. This is the preferred
improvised harness for extended wear during rope rescue operations.
One Man Load – NFPA 1983, 2001 ed. describes a one-man load as equivalent to
1.33 kN (300 lbs.) A two-man load is 2.67 kN (600 lbs.).
Penberthy – A method of inspecting kernmantle rope inch by inch for signs of
damage. This method involves close visual inspection of every pic in the rope to
detect excessive abrasion, as well as feeling for deformities, soft or hard spots,
lumps, or other abnormalities that may indicate hidden damage to the core.
Personal Use (P) – A classification given to hardware manufactured prior to the
2001 edition, that meets the NFPA 1983, 1995 edition requirement for use where
weights will not exceed that of a one-man load.
Prussik – A tool used in rope rescue that is made from R/Q cordage tied into a loop.
This is most often used as a soft rope grab.
Quick Egress Seat – A type of improvised Class 2 harness tied using 2” tubular webbing. This seat uses only one square knot with overhand safeties. It is designed
for emergency egress from an untenable situation. (See: Emergency Egress Seat)
Rigging – The art of combining components into a system that will allow for safe
access to and removal of victims in above or below grade incidents.
Rescue Quality (R/Q) – A designation intended to denote equipment that has been
manufactured and tested to meet the requirements set forth in the NFPA 1983
standard.
Round Turn – A configuration in rope that is created when one end is doubled back
one and one half times so that there is a loop created and the ends are parallel.
Running End – The end of the rope you are working with, away from the anchor.
Safety Ratio – A guideline that NFPA 1983, 2001 ed. requires of hardware and
software, based on the one-man load of 1.33 kN (300 lbs.). Life safety rope must
meet a 15:1 safety ratio; escape rope must meet 10:1. Light and general use
equipment, and any other auxiliary rope rescue equipment must meet a MBS
requirement based on its designed use.
Shuttle Loom Construction – A method of producing tubular webbing that does
not have an edge seam. This is the preferred webbing for use in rescue operations.
Static – (1) A term describing a low stretch rope. (2) A type of anchor system that
has no provision for movement or adjustment of the load through manipulation at
the anchor site.
61
Software – Rope rescue equipment includes but is not limited to rope, cordage,
webbing slings, and straps. This type of equipment is usually made of a synthetic
fiber.
Tensile Strength (T/S) – Resistance to breaking or total failure due to lengthwise
stress. This is tested by pulling the item to failure in the direction of intended use.
Tensionless Anchor – A type of anchor system that is the strongest, simplest to
build, and requires the least amount of equipment to construct. This system is also
known as a “Full Strength Tie-off.” The design of this system allows the forces
generated by the load to be dissipated as the rope tightens around the anchor and
allows 100% of the available strength of the rope to be used. There must be a safety
connection at the bitter end of the rope to keep the system from unraveling.
Terminal End – The end of the rope that is at the anchor, also called the bitter end.
Warm Zone – The area of an operation between the cold and hot zones. This area
will serve as the access control for personnel entering or leaving the hot zone,
contain the equipment staging and repair area, and can serve as a buffer between
the public outside the cold zone and the operation in the hot zone.
62
BASIC KNOTS
Figure 8 on a Bight
Used as an end of rope anchor knot
Figure 8 Follow Through
Used as a tie off for harness or anchor point.
If the rope is passed through in the opposite direction, becomes an Inline Figure 8
Follow through; can be used to join two ropes.
63
Double Loop Figure 8
Can be used to equalize the load on two anchors
Directional Figure 8
Can be used to add a load in a direction in parallel with the rope or to create
handholds in a haul line.
64
Clove Hitch
Bowline
Used as an end of rope anchor knot
Butterfly Knot
Used as a middle of rope anchor knot
65
Double Overhand Bend (Barrel Knot)
Used as to tie two ropes together or to make a Prussik
Prussik Wrap
Soft rope grab for pulley systems or tandem Prussik belays
66
Water Bend
Only knot used to tie webbing together
Münter Hitch
Reversible friction hitch
Important: Single person belay ONLY!
67
Handcuff Knot
Can be used for rapid victim extrication
68
BASIC ANCHOR SYSTEMS
(Photos from DCFD Rope Rescue Manual)
Single point, basic ‘wrap three – pull two’ with standard webbing.
Single point, ‘basket wrap’ with standard webbing.
Padding considerations are a must when using wheels, and cross loading a carabiner
is a concern
69
Single point, ‘tensionless hitch’.
The ‘tensionless-hitch’ is ideal when using ½” rope around large objects.
Multi-point, load sharing with standard webbing
70
Large, single point, ‘basket-wrap’style, with 1/2” rope.
When using a single point, ‘basket-wrap’ style, with 1/2” rope around a large anchor, an ‘anchor plate’ will greatly assist with setting up and will allow every part of the
system to remain neat and orderly.
71
CRITICAL ANGLES
(Diagrams from DCFD Rope Rescue Manual)
The forces applied to the anchors are EQUAL in the rigging systems and the load
when the angle between the two legs of the anchor is 120 degrees.
The forces applied to the anchors are LESS in the rigging systems than the actual
load when the angle between the two legs of the anchor is less than 120 degrees.
72
The forces applied to the anchors are MORE in the rigging systems than the actual
load when the angle between the two legs of the anchor are is more than 120
degrees, in this case 150 degrees.
Change of Direction
The forces applied to the COD anchor are EQUAL to the rest of the system when the
angle at the COD is 120 degrees
73
The forces applied to the COD anchor are GREATER than the rest of the system
when the angle at the COD is less than 120 degrees, in this case close to 60
degrees.
The forces applied to the COD anchor are LESS than the rest of the system when the
angle at the COD is greater than 120 degrees, in this case close to 150 degrees.
74
BELAY SYSTEMS
75
MUNTER HITCH
(Photos from DCFD Rope Rescue Manual)
76
HAUL SYSTEMS
(Diagrams from DCFD Rope Rescue Manual)
2:1 Haul
3:1 Simple Haul
4:1 Compound Haul
77
STOKES BASKET
78
MACHINERY RESCUE
If the first units on the scene have not already done so, secure power to the unit in
question. Consider lock out/tag out procedures to assure power is not restored
during extrication. If possible, have EMS begin a physical assessment of the patient;
ALS is recommended if available, as they may need to administer drugs for pain
management and, if appropriate, begin to treat for crush injury syndrome. Consult
with EMS personnel prior to commencing operations, as they will have to prepare for
any heavy bleeding or other medical issues that may occurred once the victim is
extricated. Ensuring the victim is relaxed and calm is imperative before commencing
this type of extrication; explain the steps of the operation to them so they can
provide feedback.
Stage all necessary tools in close proximity to the area of operation. Consider
assembling an identical backup for each of the tools to be used. If available, backup
tools allow for immediate replacement if a tool breaks. Also, if a tool needs a new
blade or battery change during the operation, the tool operator can call for a
replacement tool and complete the operation while the other tool is serviced. This is
also critical when air tools are used since delays in operation are necessary to
replace air cylinders.
If an identical piece of machinery is available, one or two members can inspect it for
possible solutions to potential problems. Consider contacting a mechanic, machinery
expert, or even the manufacturer to obtain detailed information on complicated
equipment.
Throughout the operation, take steps to protect the trapped victim. Wet sheets and
eye protection can be used to shield the victim from the sparks generated by cutting
tools. To protect the victim from blades, consider placing metal shims between them
and the machinery being cut.
The easiest way to free the victim may be to disassemble the machine with hand
tools. If the officer deems it necessary to cut the machine, consider using the
following technical rescue tools:
79
WHIZZER SAW
(Air Cut Off Tool)
The Whizzer saw or air cut off tool was adopted from the automotive repair industry.
The tool's portability as well as its ability to make difficult and intricate cuts make it
ideal for use in machinery rescue. The abrasive disk spins at more than 20,000 rpm,
causing considerable friction heat and often throwing a shower of sparks. Whenever
the material being cut is in contact with the victim's skin a means of cooling the
material must be provided such as a water extinguisher or a garden hose. Also,
consider removing combustibles from the area. To operate the Whizzer saw:
1. Connect the saw an air source, usually an SCBA bottle. Consider using the tool
side of the air source cart, ensuring an uninterrupted air supply to the tool through
the entire cutting operation
2. Set the regulator to 118 PSI. The tool will step pressure down to 90 PSI.
3. Push the lever on the trigger forward to release the safety.
4. Depress the trigger to wind up the saw.
Note: Like ventilation saws, the Whizzer operates best at full speed. Avoid binding
the blade in the kerf of the cut by keeping it as straight as possible. If the saw
begins to bog, remove it and rev it up again before continuing the cut.
80
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING TORCH
Startup Procedure
1. Make sure that the regulator valves are turned all the way out and the torch
valves are closed.
2. Slowly open both tank valves. The oxygen tank valve is a backstop valve and
should be opened all the way in order to completely seal. The acetylene valve should
81
only be opened a ½ turn. Make sure the valves are easily accessible in case
emergency shutdown is necessary.
3. Adjust the regulators to 15 PSI for oxygen and 2 PSI for acetylene.
4. Purge both lines. For a 20 foot hose, open the torch valve for 5 seconds to allow
oxygen to bleed from the line. Close the torch valve and repeat for the acetylene
line.
5. Crack the acetylene torch valve (1/4 turn) and light with a spark lighter.
6. Open the acetylene valve just until the flame stops smoking. The flame should be
about 8” long with a toothy, splintering end.
7. Open the oxygen valve until the flame loses the feather around its inner core, but
no further. This is called a "neutral" flame: The mixture of oxygen and fuel gas
combine to produce exhaust gases that do not chemically alter the metal.
8. Depress the trigger to produce cutting flame. Exercise caution to avoid touching
metal with the cutting tip as it may clog with slag.
Shutdown Procedure
1. Close the oxygen torch valve first, then the acetylene. Reversing the order will
cause a 'pop' and may throw carbon soot back into the torch, partially plugging the
gas passages.
2. Close both tank valves.
3. Turn on torch valves, one at a time, to bleed any remaining pressure, then close
them again.
4. Turn the regulator valves until there is no pressure on the adjusting spring and
the screw turns freely.
82
ARCAIR SLICE PACK
Operating Procedure
1. Screw the brass collet nut off of the handle and inspect it and the collet chuck for
damage.
2. Make sure the rubber washer is in place and in good condition. Make sure the
spark arrestor is in place and in good condition. You may have to tap the handle on
your palm to get the spark arrestor out.
83
3. Reassemble the torch handle.
4. Turn oxygen on and check pressure. Regulator should be set at 80 PSI.
5. Check rod supply.
6. Place a rod in the hole of the collet nut of the handle. Firmly seat the rod against
the washer and hand tighten the collet nut.
7. Move battery selector switch to "cut". Failure to do so may damage the battery
system.
8. Hold handle in one hand and striker in the other and depress the trigger on the
handle, starting the oxygen flow.
9. Drag the rod across the striker until the rod ignites; releasing the trigger will stop
the flow of oxygen and stop the cutting process.
10. Hold the rod about ½” from the surface to be cut at a slight angle in the direction
of cut and begin cutting using a dragging technique.
After completing the cut, release the oxygen control lever in the handle. THE
CUTTING ROD WILL CONTINUE TO BURN AS LONG AS OXYGEN IS SUPPLIED. Hold
the torch safely away from you until the rod cools.
Tips for Cutting
Cutting procedures will vary from job to job. Study the cutting rates chart for
specific cutting speeds. Normal cutting is done by using a drag technique. Once the
rod is in contact with the piece to be cut, drag the rod in the direction of the cut. If
the operator can’t see the kerf, the speed of cut is too fast. If the rod is being used too rapidly the progress of the cut is too slow and the rod is being used without
cutting. NOTE: Use a sawing motion when material to be cut is thicker than 1-1/2 to
2 inches to ensure a complete melt through. Use a smooth motion to complete the
cut. Be careful not to hit nearby material with the rod when cutting in close
quarters.
Oxygen Usage / Rod Burntime
The oxygen consumption rate for the SLICE cutting rods at 80 PSI is 7 to 7.5 cfm for
the 1/4" diameter cutting rods and 11 to 12 cfm for the 3/8" diameter cutting rods.
Approximate burntimes for the various SLICE rod diameters and lengths:
¼” x 22” - 40 - 45 seconds
¼” x 44” - 80 - 90 seconds
3/8” x 18” - 30 - 35 seconds
3/8” x 36” - 60 - 70 seconds
Cutting Rates
84
85
TECHNICAL RESCUE
IMPORTANT: This manual is intended as a guide that familiarizes members with a
variety of situations; it is by no means to serve as a replacement for formal training.
Members must remember that, in a true technical rescue situation, the crew of the
Rescue Engine will serve as a first response unit. While they may be tasked with
recon of the scene or providing a back-up rescue team, the primary rescue
responsibilities will be handled by the dispatched technical rescue team. The
technical rescue sections of this manual are intended to make members familiar with
a wide range of disciplines so they may assist properly trained personnel.
86
WATER / ICE RESCUE
The primary consideration in both water and ice rescues is the very real possibility of
rescuers suddenly becoming additional victims. The crew will perform the following
prior to initiating a rescue effort:
Initiate Personal Accountability System
Secure witnesses
Determine location, number & condition of victims
Identify immediate hazards
Identify surface loads (debris), hydraulics, hypothermia
Assess need for additional personnel and equipment
Assess need for additional equipment
Determine “Rescue mode” or “Recovery mode”
Important: Personal protective equipment must be removed within 10’ of water!
Low risk operations are not always possible, so company officers are urged to
consider the following operations, in order:
Talk – If the victim is responsive, attempt to talk the victim through self rescue
Provide Flotation – If the victim is able to cooperate, delivering a flotation device
will extend the window for rescue operations
Reach – Extend a tool or a ladder to the victim and pull the victim to safety
Throw – If the victim is out of reach, throw a life line; consider attaching a buoy or
life ring to the end of the line
Row – If reaching fails and a boat is available, it may be piloted toward the victim
Go & Tow - As a last resort, when all other alternatives have been exhausted, may
members consider entering the water to attempt a rescue. Because of the extreme
danger associated with this, company officers are strongly urged to consider waiting
for the arrival of a technical rescue or water rescue team.
Helo – A helicopter may be used to affect water and ice rescues. Regional law
enforcement helicopter crews are trained and equipped to affect aerial rescues.
Consider this option early in the operation, as it may take a considerable amount of
time for a team to arrive.
Ice rescue: In the case of an ice rescue, the use of a straight ladder laid flat on the
ice will serve to distribute members’ weight more evenly and reduce the risk of the ice cracking or failing.
87
COLLAPSE RESCUE
Rescue Engine 33 does not have the necessary equipment for the crew to safely
perform structural collapse operations, so the company will perform limited recon
and assist the responding technical rescue team. Because of the danger of secondary
collapse, it is crucial that the chauffer and officer work together to position the
apparatus where it can be readily accessed, but outside the "collapse zone", or 1 ½
times the height of the building away. Since the Rescue Engine is likely to arrive well
before the collapse team, the crew may have to complete the following tasks, at the
discretion of the company officer:
Secure witnesses
Determine location, number, and condition of victims
Determine location and number of buildings involved
Determine “Rescue mode” or “Recovery mode”
Determine type of occupancy and building construction type
Assess hazards and secure (For example: secondary collapse, gas, electric)
Assess the need for additional personnel (search dogs, Red Cross, structural
engineers)
Assess need for additional equipment (100 ton crane, heavy equipment)
Assess traffic conditions, possible routes of travel, staging areas, landing sites, etc.
88
SHORING SYSTEMS
Upon the arrival of a technical rescue team, the crew of the Rescue Engine may be
called upon to assist in the labor intensive effort of constructing and placing shores.
This is to be done under the supervision of the senior technical rescue officer. The
following sections will familiarize members with the steps for building several basic
shoring systems.
T Spot Shores
The T Spot Shore is a temporary shore used ONLY until a complete shoring system
can be erected.
1. Survey area and determine load displacement and structurally unstable elements.
2. Clean area to be shored
3. Measure overall height of space to be shored, deduct depth of header, sole and
wedges and cut post to length
4. Prefabricate T spot shore in safe area:
Nail post to header in center of header
Nail plywood gusset over joint both sides
5. Place T in position with post centered under load.
Slide sole under post and wedge into position
Check shore for straightness and tighten wedges
Install bottom 2x4 cleat
Anchor header and sole to floor and ceiling
89
60° and 45° Solid Sole Rakers
Raking Shores consist of one or more timbers sloping between the face of the
structure to be supported and the ground. The most effective support is given if the
raker meets the wall at an angle of 60 to 70 degrees. A wall plate can be used to
increase the area of support.
To calculate the length of 60° and 45° rakers
1. Measure from the top of sole plate up to the point where you want the top side of
the raker to meet the wall within 1 ft. of floor level.
2. Go to the nearest foot.
3. For 45° Multiply x 17.
4. For 60° Multiply x 14.
5. Convert to inches for the required length.
Add 2” for 45° raker cut length.
Add 3” for 60° raker cut length.
To cut the angled ends on rakers
6. For a 45° raker, measure down 3.5” on one end.
7. Draw a line from the 3.5” mark to the corner of the 4x4.
8. Hold a 2x4 on edge next to the line.
9. Slide the 2x4 toward the corner until one corner of 2x4 reaches an edge of the
4x4.
10. Draw a line and mark x’s on the section to be removed.
11. Repeat the process on other end, being careful to reverse the direction of cut.
12. Refer to the illustration for 60° rakers and 6x6 rakers.
To assemble the solid sole raker shore:
13. Nail a cleat onto the wall plate at the level of the raker placement (minimum 2’ & 17 16d nails).
14. Place the wall plate and raker together on their side and nail the upper gusset
plate onto both.
15. Place the sole plate against the wall plate (90°) and nail gusset plate on.
16. Nail the 2x6 diagonal brace from the wall/sole junction to the raker.
17. Nail the front sole gusset plate to the sole plate leaving at least 2” of the raker
foot exposed.
90
18. Flip the shore over and perform the same steps to the opposite side.
19. Stand shore up and nail the bottom cleat into position leaving 3-4” for wedges.
20. Place one nail into the bottom raker/gusset plate contact area.
21. Move shore into position against wall and tighten just enough to hold in position.
22. Assemble additional raker shores and move into position (max 8’ on center).
23. Place the sole plate anchor in front of the raker set.
24. Drill 2 diagonal anchor holes in front of each raker through the sole plate anchor
and into the ground.
25. Place appropriate wedges between sole plate anchor and sole plate.
26. Install the anchor pickets and tighten the anchor plate wedges.
27. Check each raker for plumb and install shims, as needed.
28. Tighten the raker wedges and toenail with one nail.
29. Connect the raker shores with 2x4 diagonal cross bracing.
91
TRENCH RESCUE
Upon arrival at a trench rescue incident, the crew will approach with caution,
identify the problem and hazards that exist, and communicate the current situation
to others units responding to the incident. Size-up considerations include
environmental factors, patient details, equipment that will be required, and
personnel that will be needed. The Rescue Engine officer will consider the following:
Environment
Determine whether a collapse has occurred.
Is it a collapse or injury situation?
Determine the type of work that was being done. Is there a trench box or other
protective device(s) in place?
Asses the weather and forecast.
Establish a perimeter around the incident.
Victim
Nature of the accident
Location, number of victims and extent of injuries
Determine “Rescue Mode” or “Recovery Mode”
Equipment / Personnel
Recognize the need for trench rescue, and, if not already dispatched, request
resources necessary to conduct safe and effective trench and excavation emergency
operations.
Assignments
The officer may also consider assigning his personnel the following roles until the
arrival of a trench rescue team:
Rescue Engine Chauffer – Site Safety
Secure hazards (gas, electric, utilities). Establish and mark operational zones, and
move bystanders and witnesses back to a safe area.
92
Hookman – Vibrations
Eliminate traffic, and have machinery and equipment shut off to eliminate sources of
vibrations and delay further collapse.
Barman – Air Monitoring
Monitor the atmosphere using the QRAE meter during approach from the trench end,
and initiate gas testing in the trench when safe to do so. Initiate communication with
the patient if possible, and if it is safe to do so. Air monitoring is to be continued
throughout the incident.
IMPORTANT: While it may be possible to attempt a “non-entry” rescue by lowering a ladder to the victim, under no circumstances are members to enter the trench prior
to completion of shoring by a technical rescue team.
Equipment and Tools
Ground Pads – The area near the trench lip is very unstable and any additional
weight may cause a secondary collapse of the trench. Ground pads (4’ x 8’ sheets of ½” plywood) are placed in the area around the trench to distribute the rescuers’ weight over a larger area.
Sheeting – Panels of wood or other material that are used as uprights in the trench
that will hold back running soil and other debris. The panels will contact the walls in
the trench and will be braced/shored in place. These panels will be reinforced with a
2” x 12” upright known as a “strongback”. The strongback will transmit forces across
the trench walls.
93
Shores – Structural component that transfers the force from one side of the trench
to the other. Shores connect the sheeting on either side of the trench, maintaining
outward pressure on the trench walls to hold back the soil and prevent further
collapse.
Ventilation Fan – Used to provide for an adequate flow of fresh air into the
trench.
Ladders – Provide egress from the trench for both victim and rescuer. They can be
used to initiate a rapid, non-entry extrication of non-injured or minimally injured
victim. In the interest of safety, establish entry and egress points throughout the
trench so that the rescuer does not have to travel more than 25 feet to get out.
94
Pumps / Dewatering Devices – Control and remove water in the trench; water
may come from broken pipes, ground seepage and/or rainwater.
Air Bags – Used for lifting heavy objects like pipes, machinery, and steel panels that
may be on top of the patient. Because the Rescue Engine carries a full supplement of
high pressure air bags, command may assign the task of lifting to its crew.
Air Monitors – used to determine the atmospheric conditions in and around the
trench. The Rescue Engine crew may initiate this task immediately upon arrival by
using the QRAE gas meter.
95
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
Injuries and fatalities involving confined spaces are frequent and often involve
successive fatalities when would-be rescuers succumb to the same problem as the
initial victim. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 applies to general industry and the rescue
service. An OSHA confined space is defined as:
1. A space large enough for personnel to physically enter.
2. Not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
3. An area with limited entry and egress.
A confined space permit is required if the space has one or more of the following
hazards:
1. Atmospheric hazards.
2. Configuration hazard.
3. Engulfment hazard.
4. Any other recognized hazard.
Upon arrival at a confined space incident, the crew will prepare for the arrival of a
confined space team by performing the following tasks, at the discretion of the
company officer:
Secure witnesses
Determine location, number, and condition of victims
Asses structural stability of space, initiate atmospheric testing with QRAE gas meter
Attempt contact and determine “Rescue mode” or “Recovery mode”
Secure entry permit and diagram of space
IMPORTANT: While it may be possible to attempt a “non-entry” rescue, under no
circumstances are members to enter the confined space prior to the arrival of a
technical rescue team.
96

rescue engine 33 - Traditions Training, LLC

Transcription

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