Supporting Information

Transcription

SUPPORTING ASSESSMENT
INFORMATION
CITY PLANNING COMMITTEE MEETING
(OPEN PORTION OF THE MEETING)
MONDAY 6 JULY 2015
AT 5.30 PM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.
COMMITTEE ACTING AS PLANNING AUTHORITY
6.3
APPLICATIONS UNDER THE SULLIVANS COVE PLANNING
SCHEME 1997
6.3.1
70 MACQUARIE STREET (FRANKLIN SQUARE) AND
ADJACENT MACQUARIE STREET ROAD RESERVATION,
HOBART – PARTIAL DEMOLITION, LANDSCAPING, TREE
REMOVAL, RELOCATION AND PLANTING, LIGHTING
AND NEW BUS SHELTERS – PLN-15-0063-01 –
FILE REF: 70-22-1
SUPPORTING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
CITY PLANNING COMMITTEE
(OPEN PORTION OF THE MEETING)
6/7/2015
6.
COMMITTEE ACTING AS PLANNING AUTHORITY
6.3
APPLICATIONS UNDER THE SULLIVANS COVE PLANNING
SCHEME 1997
6.3.1
70 MACQUARIE STREET (FRANKLIN SQUARE) AND
ADJACENT MACQUARIE STREET ROAD RESERVATION,
HOBART – PARTIAL DEMOLITION, LANDSCAPING, TREE
REMOVAL, RELOCATION AND PLANTING, LIGHTING
AND NEW BUS SHELTERS – PLN-15-0063-01 –
FILE REF: 70-22-1
58x’s
(Council)
Attached are copies of reports and other additional information that
support the content of the Officer’s report contained in the agenda,
referred at this item.
MASTER PLAN
FRANKLIN SQUARE MASTER PLAN
DRAFT
Planning Authority: Hobart City Council
DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION
DOCUMENT
This document is one of the documents
relevant to the application for a planning
permit No. PLN-15-00603-01 and was
received on the 18 May 2015.
COUNCIL CENTRE
NEW TREES
Frame entries and increase diversity
of tree species with new tree
plantings.
PARK SIGNAGE
Develop unique approach to Park
signage based on materials palette.
Relocate major interpretive features
to amenities building.
DAVEY STREET STEPS
Retains steps, repave and investigate
consolidation of runs. Ensure
sympathetic luminance contrast on
stair nosings, tactile indicators and
appropriate handrails.
LIGHTING
Refurbish lighting within the Park to
improve night-time amenity and feature
lighting of selected elements.
SEATING WALLS
Subtle low sandstone (or contemporary
concrete) seating walls to provide
additional seating for both everyday use
and events.
ELIZABETH STREET AMENITIES
Opportunity for use of vacant half of toilets
to activate the streetscape and the Park,
and improve passive surveillance of the
area; eg. Cafe, shop, interpretation node.
ELIZABETH STREET AMENITIES ROOF
New seating and possible shelter on upper
section of amenities roof. Seating to be
placed to allow for events. ‘Plug and
play’ services to be installed. Balustrade
re-detailed for compliance with required
standards. Major interpretation node to be
incorporated.
ELIZABETH STREET WALLS
Reduce all walls in scale. Retain seating
function of upper Elizabeth Street wall.
Stepping to be removed where possible.
Material changed to coloured insitu
concrete, sandstone or similar.
ELIZABETH STREETSCAPE
Retain historic boundary of Franklin Square
and the clear distinction between the Park
and the adjoining street. The potential
to remove one lane of Elizabeth Street
and treat streetscape to provide a strong
pedestrian connection from the City to
Sullivans Cove is subject to investigation in
other City projects.
TOWN
HALL
FSMP 1/4
ACCESS
Detailing of pathway and amenities building roof
to provide ‘at grade’ access from the Elizabeth
Street entrance to the roof of the amenities
building. Detailing of hardscape and planting
around entry should highlight this key entry point.
Item No. 6.3.1 / Page 1
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DAVEY STREET
REMOVE PATH
REFER FSMP2 FOR DETAILS
ST
FOUNTAIN and STATUE
Refurbish fountain jets and lighting
to improve reliability and increase
functionality. Potential for interactive
play involving water flows.
CHESS BOARD
Reconstruct games board in Speakers
Corner. New integrated seating and
storage for chess/ games pieces.
REMOVE
SPEAKERS
LECTURN
REMOVE ENTRY PERGOLA
MACQUARIE STREET
A
Z
I
EL
FURNITURE
Investigate the commissioning of a
specific furniture suite for the Park,
largely based on the existing work by
the Tasmanian designer David Shaw.
Investigate reconstruction of long
curved seating around perimeter of
central ovoid.
HORICULTURAL DISPLAY BEDS
Reverse simplified landscaping by
reconstructing borders referencing
early 20th Century borders.
Highlights the link to the Treasury
Offices, elevates the civic character
of the Park and softens the
presence of the wishing well.
TREASURY FORECOURT
Restore connection between the
Treasury Building and Franklin
Square by re-establishing the Park
as the forecourt to the Offices by:
• Repaving the forecourt with the
same materials as the Franklin
Square pathways
• Reduce hedging and fencing to
reduce visual barrier and allow
events to flow between the two
spaces.
• Continue paving along Davey
Street to improve connections to
Murray Street and the Cove.
TREASURY
BUILDING
KING EDWARD VII STATUE
Retain statue in current position.
Investigate reduced width of Macquarie
Street contra flow lane or ‘kerb bulbing’
to improve the statue’s context.
MACQUARIE STREET ENTRANCE
Detail the entrance pathway to reference
the original path layout. Remove entry
pergola to improve views into the Park
MACQUAIRE STREET EDGE
Reverse simplified landscaping by
reconstructing low perimeter planting
referencing both the early 20th Century
planting and original path layout.
MACQUARIE STREET FENCING
Investigate partial restoration of 1890s
wrought iron fence as interpretive
feature.
MACQUARIE STREET BOUNDARY
Removal ‘insets’ in sandstone footings to
reinstate original boundary of Park.
MACQUARIE STREET BUS SHELTERS
Redesign bus shelters to:
• Provide greater depth and length of
shelter
• Retain high degree of transparency
• Integrate interpretation
• Contain complimentary furniture
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T
E
RE
H
T
BE
DRAFT
flexible passive recreation
and performance space
ELIZABETH STREET AMENITIES ROOF IMPROVEMENTS
ELIZABETH STREET
ELIZABETH STREET AMENITIES SHELTER
flexible passive
recreation and
performance space
shelter over rooftop
generous and
equitable access
to rooftop
ELIZABETH STREET ACTIVATION
street trees
potential new
pavement treatment
low seating walls
commercial activation
FSMP 2/4
BEFORE
AFTER
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low seating walls
ELIZABETH STREET AMENITIES
SHELTER
Structure to be designed to allow for clear views to the
Cove and to complement the architectural style of the
1960s public amenities building
PARK SIGNAGE
Develop unique approach to Park signage based on
materials palette. Relocate major interpretive features to
Amenities Building.
DAVEY & ELIZABETH STREET CORNER ENTRY
Entrance detailed to improve accessibility and safety of
pathways.
COMMERCIAL ACTIVATION
Opportunity for use of lower vacant half of toilets to
activate the streetscape and the Park, and improve passive
surveillance of the area (eg. cafe, shop, interpretation
node).
AMENITIES ROOF ACCESS
Balustrade to be removed from park edge of roof top and
long stairs installed to provide more open access to rooftop
AMENITIES ROOF
New seating and shelter on upper section of amenities
roof block. Seating to allow for both passive recreation
and performance events. ‘Plug and play’ services to be
installed. Balustrade re-detailed for compliance with
standards. Major interpretation node to be incorporated.
STREETSCAPE
Maintain a clear distinction between the Park and the
adjoining street. Streetscape to be treated to provide a
strong pedestrian connection from the City to Sullivans
Cove. Options include street tree plantings and pavement
treatments to be resolved as a part of other City projects.
BOUNDARY
Retain existing historic boundary of the Park
DOCUMENT
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artists impressions
DRAFT
FURNITURE PALETTE
new quality entry signage to be designed
lighting
opportunities for art interventions using park fabric such as lighting and paths
DOCUMENT
FSMP 3/4
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rubbish bins to match
new range for the CBD
design of Franklin Range of furniture to be updated
LED pole lighting to match other Classic Parks
feature lighting to be used to highlight trees,
monuments and building facades
furniture & signage
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art and interpretation
walls
brass or stainless
tactile indicators
pavement
DRAFT
central stair
proposed wall
existing path
existing wall
Stepping of wall is removed by selecting a central level and carrying it through
the length of the wall
New concrete surface to stairs. Stair nosings are also required
Handrails are required to meet current standards for access. All fences and
handrails to be of similar colour and simple style so they appear more discrete
The central stair is highly visible from Elizabeth Street. New edge wall
treatment to involve sloped surface, substantial width and capping to denote
the importance of this main access to central ovoid
central stair
WALLS AND PAVEMENTS
aggregate
paths
are
exposedexposed
aggregate,
honed and
rough
honed in places to provide
variety and visual relief
stone walling
Elizabeth Street
seating wall
FSMP 4/4
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pavement options
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Franklin Square Master Plan
FINAL
DOCUMENT
May 2014
6/7/2015
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Item No. 6.3.1
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Franklin Square Master Plan has been
prepared by a diverse group of officers from
the City of Hobart.
A large number of community members,
visitors and other stakeholders have also
contributed their thoughts, ideas and
aspirations for Franklin Square.
Thank you to everyone who has assisted with
this Master Plan, we trust you can see
something of your input in the work
presented.
Figure 1 A special thanks to Atlas cafe for their
impromptu 'paper bag poll' on Franklin Square [Atlas
Café].
Figure 2 (Cover photo credits) 1 Collin Denison. 2 Newspix/Photographers Mercury. 3 Newspix/Kim Eiszele. 4 Collin Denison.
5 Richard Jupe. 6 City of Hobart. 7 Richard Jupe. 8 Newspix/Sam Roswarne. 9 Newspix/Leigh Winburn.
10 'Digital Odyssey', Craig Walsh, Franklin Square, Hobart, Ten Days on the Island 2011 – Image: Alistair Bett, f8 Photography© Courtesy
of Ten Days on the Island. 11 Crowther Library AUTAS00112292217112. 13 Richard Jupe. 14 Ricahrd Jupe.
15 Kim Eiszele. 16 City of Hobart. 17 Raoul Kochanowskis. 18 Richard Jupe.
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CONTENTS
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................... I
2.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1
3.
VISION ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.
THE PARK WITHIN THE CITY ............................................................................................................................. 9
5.
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ...............................................................................................................................17
6.
SOFT LANDSCAPE ............................................................................................................................................25
7.
HARD LANDSCAPE...........................................................................................................................................29
8.
ACTIVITY...........................................................................................................................................................37
9.
CONCEPT PLAN................................................................................................................................................43
APPENDIX 1 REVISED STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE..........................................................................................45
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................47
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“I think the Park is great as it is. Why
change what isn’t broken...”
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Franklin Square is the City of Hobart’s most
central park, and one of its most popular.1
It is listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Register
because its townscape and social associations
are regarded as important to the community’s
sense of place.
It is also of historic heritage significance due to
its ability to demonstrate the principal
characteristics of a Victorian inner city park
and it has the potential to yield important
information, of an archaeological nature, that
may contribute to a greater understanding of
Tasmania’s history.
However, there is little preparatory work in
place addressing park management and
refurbishment.
In light of its prominent location, heritage
values and high usage, Franklin Square
deserves a well-considered approach to
management.
Furthermore, a significant
number of built assets within the Park are soon
due for replacement. It is important that any
future works promote the values of Franklin
Square, and contribute to its ongoing
popularity.
Recognising this, the City of Hobart has
prepared a new master plan for Franklin
Square.
Figure 3 Franklin Square has been an important
destination for everyday activities within central Hobart
th
since its establishment in the mid-19 Century [Hobart
City Council].
The Franklin Square Master Plan sets out the
vision for the park, this being:
Franklin Square is Hobart’s civic park; a
dignified place that tells of Hobart; its
people and their heritage.
It is a beautiful green refuge for use by
all:
a place to pass through; a
destination to gather, relax and play; a
venue for cultural expression and
activity.
Based on background research and the
findings of the initial community engagement,
a suite of objectives have been developed to
guide the master plan:

To provide safe and accessible spaces
within the park for use by people of all
ages – including youth, children and older
people.
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
To promote activation of the park.

To conserve the park’s cultural significance
– and that of its environs – and to
integrate it with contemporary use.

To celebrate and interpret the park’s
cultural significance, including the coexistence of differing perceptions of
cultural significance.

To define the civic character of the park
through the use of quality materials,
finishes and management.

To strengthen the landscape values of the
park through carefully designed soft
landscape treatment and horticultural
practices.


To review and progress key policies
contained in the draft Franklin Square
Conservation Plan.
To integrate the recommendations of
Hobart 2010 and subsequent initiatives as
they relate to Franklin Square and its
environs.
This master plan provides the context, analysis
of key issues, and broad recommendations to
achieve the Vision, including:



Replacement of existing pavement and
retaining walls with materials to
complement the Macquarie ridge civic
precinct.
Partial restoration of the Victorian era
layout through relocation of the chess
board, removal of the Elizabeth Street axial
path extension, and referencing the
original layout through landscaping and
pavement detailing.
Removal of built elements that detract
from the park’s cultural significance
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including the Macquarie Street pergola
and speakers lectern.

Providing variety in planting through
feature borders, low shrub beds and
greater diversity along the Davey Street
boundary.

Redevelopment of the Elizabeth Street
amenities roof area and adjoining pathway
to improve access, provide additional
seating, shelter, and services for its use for
small-to-medium
performances
and
events.

Potential redevelopment of the lower half
of the Elizabeth Street amenities building
for uses that provide greater activation,
passive surveillance and guardianship of
that area.

Replacement of ageing furniture such as
lighting, interpretive signage and seating
with a new furniture suite consistent with
the park’s civic character and cultural
significance.
Following its installation in January 1865, the
statue of Sir John Franklin was never properly
unveiled; the canvas cover that cloaked Sir
John Franklin eventually just blowing away
during a Hobart storm.
As both the park’s namesake, and the very
reason for the creation of this park, the statue
deserves a warmer welcome to Hobart.
With an endorsed master plan to guide the
refurbishment of Franklin Square, it would nice
to hope that Hobart can mark the 150th
anniversary with an official celebration – the
opening party – that it never quite received in
1865.
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‘…in the
eve
permit No. PLN-15-00603-01
and was
6/7/2015
the natives made a fire
near where we slep’
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Franklin Square
When Lieutenant Governor David Collins’ party
landed in Sullivans Cove in February 1804, a
gang of convicts was immediately committed
to clear vegetation from the ridge above the
Cove for the Lieutenant’s quarters, and those
of his senior officers.
Little is recorded of how Aborigines used the
ridge above Sullivans Cove.
However,
Reverend Knopwood’s diary of those first
nights, reveals Aborigines were familiar with
the site, whereby ‘in the eve the natives made
a fire near where we slep’.2
Therefore, just like many other areas of the
Derwent estuary, the area’s proximity to a
sheltered embayment and the many resources
it yielded, suggest it is likely that it was often
utilised.3
In response, Parliament resolved that the
monument should be located on the site of the
recently demolished old Government House,
from where Franklin had administered the
Colony. 7
Franklin Square was then developed in the
mid-1860s as an inner city public park to house
the bronze statue of Sir John Franklin.
Franklin Square has also been a center of
Hobart’s civil life; including a place to muster
the population, protest against government
actions, or simply to gather and retreat from
the city around them. The park was even
reconfigured to provide shelter from possible
air raids during World War II.
Within three weeks, Collins was able to move
from his tent into a basic hut, the first
Government House on the site,4 and for many
decades the site was the centre of
administration for the Van Diemens Land
colony. 5
Sir John Franklin was Governor of Van Diemens
Land between 1837 and 1843. He died in 1847
while charting the final section of the Arctic’s
North West Passage.
Figure 4 - Franklin Square in the late 1860s following
installation of the Sir John Franklin Statue in 1865
[Samuel
Clifford
Crowther
Library.
AUTAS001122922171].
In 1860 the Parliament of Tasmania passed a
resolution dedicating funds for the creation of
a monument to Sir John Franklin.6
During the debate, one Member of Parliament
lamented the absence of a square in the Town
to place such a monument.
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Yet the site’s association with the Tasmanian
Aborigines has never ceased; those bronze
statues of Sir John Franklin and Dry William
Crowther also – to many – provide a
connection between the park and Tasmanian
Aborigines, particularly Mathinna and William
Lane. Both of who knew Sullivans Cove, both
of who are themselves deeply entwined with
the men now captured in bronze.
Today, less often than it once did, Franklin
Square also sporadically becomes a focal point
for civil protest in Hobart. Perhaps more often
than it once did, Franklin Square becomes the
venue for small concerts and larger cultural
events.
Above all, Franklin Square continues to be a
popular destination within the City, a meeting
place for friends and family, and the park for
that quick lunchtime retreat.
2.2 The Franklin Square Master
Plan
This master plan sets out the strategic
direction for the renewal of Franklin Square for
its next 25 years.
While the park certainly is “great as it is” (as
one survey respondent observed), a number of
built elements are due for replacement in the
near future. In light of its prominent and
central location, cultural significance and high
usage, Franklin Square deserves a wellconsidered approach to its refurbishment.
Therefore, the purpose of the master plan is
to:

Draw together the values, constraints and
opportunities for Franklin Square

Outline the preferred future direction for
Franklin Square

Present a landscape concept that
illustrates the recommended actions for
refurbishment of the park for the next 25
years.
2.2.1
Community Engagement
In preparing the master plan, a strong
engagement program, provided opportunities
for people to contribute to the master
planning process.
This program included:

Targeted discussions and activities with
key individuals, agencies, professional
bodies and children.

Park use and values survey delivered both
online and onsite.

Invitation for written submissions.

Onsite ‘walk and talk’ sessions and more
informal ‘drop in’ sessions (weekend and
weekday lunch).

Dedicated children’s activities to learn of
how younger visitors value the park.

Public exhibition of, invitation to comment
upon, a draft master plan.
The purpose of this program was to
understand what kind of park Franklin Square
is, and determine what kind of park people
want Franklin Square to be.
The findings of the engagement program have
been discussed throughout the master plan
where relevant.
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2.3 Strategic Context
Many other strategic works and reference
documents have informed the preparation of
the master plan.
These key works are
discussed below.
2.3.1 Hobart
Framework
2025
Strategic
Hobart 2025 outlines those aspects of the
Hobart valued by the community, as well as
community aspirations for 2025.
In doing so, Hobart 2025 describes the future
directions that will guide strategy development
into the future.
The likely implications for the master plan
arising from Hobart 2025 are outlined below.
FUTURE DIRECTION 1 – Offers opportunities for all ages and a city for life




Remove physical barriers to access where practical
Provide for different age groups of visitors
Facilitate activities & events within the park for all
Promote safety through application of the contemporary principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental
Design (CPTED)
FUTURE DIRECTION 2 – Is recognised for its natural beauty and quality of life

Understand the role of the park within central Hobart

Apply relevant conclusions from Hobart 2010 – Public Spaces and Public Life, a city with people in mind
FUTURE DIRECTION 4 – Achieves good quality development and urban management

Apply the Burra Charter and other relevant material regarding the conservation of cultural heritage

Provision of interpretation within the park

Understand the role of the park within central Hobart and the Macquarie Street precinct
FUTURE DIRECTION 5 – Is highly accessible through efficient transport options

Remove physical barriers to access where appropriate

Recognise importance of surrounding transport use
FUTURE DIRECTION 6 – Builds strong and healthy communities through diversity, participation and empathy

Undertake a strong engagement program


Pursue a high standard of design

Apply relevant conclusions from Hobart 2010 – Public Spaces and Public Life, a city with people in mind

Remove physical barriers to access where appropriate

Interpret a variety of values & histories

Promote safety through application of the contemporary principles of CPTED
FUTURE DIRECTION 7 – Is dynamic, vibrant and culturally expressive




Understand the role of the park within central Hobart
Recognise the park is an important visitor node
Recognise the relationship of the park to Tasmania’s ‘civil society’
Table 1 Implications for master planning arising from Hobart 2025.
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2.3.2
Burra Charter
The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of
Cultural Significance) (the Burra Charter)
provides guidance for the conservation and
management of places of cultural significance.
The Burra Charter also provides invaluable
guidance on the co-existence of values,
especially where conflicts exists.
The master plan has considered the Burra
Charter directly, particularly its Code on Ethics
of Coexistence in Conserving Significant Places,
when considering options that differ from
recommendations of the draft Franklin Square
Conservation Plan (see below).
2.3.3 Historical Cultural Heritage
Act 1995
Franklin Square is listed on the Tasmanian
Heritage Register for its historic cultural
heritage value.
As a listed place, major works within Franklin
Square will need approval under the
Tasmanian Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995.
The master plan has been prepared in order to
provide direction on the refurbishment,
management and use of the Franklin Square
that best conserves these values.
2.3.4 Sullivans
Scheme 1997
Cove
Planning
Within the Sullivans Cove Planning Scheme
1997 (the Planning Scheme), Franklin Square is
within the Sullivans Cove Mixed Use Activity
Area. This activity area is Hobart’s major
tourist destination, has a readily identifiable
image and is a focus for cultural activities.8
Page | 4
Within the Cove, the amenity of open spaces is
critical, and they must be well-connected to
other pedestrian spaces within the Cove.
Other key implications from the planning
scheme include:9

Developing physical, visual and activity
links between central Hobart and the
water’s edge along Elizabeth Street

Promoting diversity in activities, including,
pedestrian activities, recreation and
tourism, along with civic and marine
activities

Improving pedestrian amenity and safety

Recognising that the ‘wall’ of Sullivans
Cove runs along the Davey Street edge of
the park

The need for civic works and public street
furniture to respond to known history of
the site and precinct.
Franklin Square is listed as a place of cultural
significance and archeological sensitivity.
Future works will require approval under the
planning scheme, with particular regard to
these values.
2.3.5
Hobart 2010
Following preparation of Hobart 2010 Public
Spaces and Public Life – a city with people in
mind (Hobart 2010), the City of Hobart
prepared the Inner City Action Plan (ICAP).
The ICAP contains a selection of key
recommendations from Hobart 2010, and
outlines fifteen projects designed to attract
people and activity into Hobart – creating a
more dynamic city centre.
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Two of these projects, Action Project 02 (AP02)
Redesigning the Bus Mall and Action Project 03
(AP03) Pedestrian and Cyclist Access Elizabeth
Street are discussed in Section 4 of this master
plan.
Action Project 13 (AP13) Activating Public
Places is discussed in Section 6 this master
plan.
Action Project 10 (AP10) seeks to improve ‘way
finding’ within central Hobart and ensure that
all people using the City have access to clear
information.
2.3.6
Creative Hobart 2013
Creative Hobart 2013 provides a strategic
framework for City of Hobart’s cultural
programs. Objective 1.1 (Enhancing sense of
place) and Objective 1.2 (Activating public
spaces) are particularly relevant to Franklin
Square.
By enhancing sense of place, Creative Hobart
seeks to enhance Hobart’s public spaces
(natural and built) through acknowledging and
celebrating Hobart’s Indigenous and European
heritage. More detailed strategies then seek
to express diversity, Aboriginal cultural identity
and promote art in public places.
Outcome Area 2 (Activating public spaces)
recognises that cultural activities do not have
to take place in formal cultural facilities, and
promoting the use of Hobart’s streets and
parks as important venues.
Several strategies promote the activation of
open space through art programs and cultural
events, along with artwork ‘platforms’
providing for the temporary exhibition of a
range of ephemeral, digital and text-based
works.
2.3.7 Draft
Franklin
Conservation Plan 2007
Square
The draft Franklin Square Conservation Plan
(the Conservation Plan) was commissioned to
guide the City of Hobart in preparing a master
plan for the park.
It describes the park, along with its use,
historic development, social and aesthetic
values. The draft conservation plan then
provides a revised statement of the cultural
significance of the park and recommended
conservation policies.
While the Hobart City Council has not
endorsed the draft conservation plan, it
provides a thorough assessment of the park’s
cultural significance, and is a primary reference
document for the preparation of the Master
Plan.
In preparing the master plan, all recommended
policies have been considered, and where
necessary, discussed in the relevant sections to
follow.
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and was
‘…a conspicuous
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ornament to one of
the most prominent localities
in the city.’
3. VISION

To celebrate and interpret the park’s
cultural significance, including the coexistence of differing perceptions of

To define the civic character of the park
through the use of quality materials,
finishes and management.

To strengthen the landscape values of the
park through carefully designed soft
landscape treatment and horticultural
practices.
3.1 Master Plan Objectives

Based on the strategic context outlined above,
and the findings of the initial engagement, a
suite of objectives were developed to guide
preparation of the master plan.
To review and progress key policies
contained in the draft Franklin Square
Conservation Plan.

To integrate the recommendations of
Hobart 2010 – Public Spaces and Public Life
– a city with people in mind, and
subsequent initiatives as they relate to
Franklin Square and its environs.
Based on initial public and stakeholder
engagement, the vision for Franklin Square is:
Franklin Square is Hobart’s civic park; a
dignified place that tells of Hobart; its
people and their heritage.
It is a beautiful green refuge for use by
all: a destination to gather, relax and
play; a venue for cultural expression
and activity.
The objectives of the Franklin Square Master
plan are:

To provide safe and accessible spaces
within the park for use by people of all
ages – including youth, children and older
people.

To promote activation of the park.

To conserve the park’s cultural significance
– and that of its environs – and to
integrate it with contemporary use.
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permit No. PLN-15-00603-01 and was‘…it
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is a mistake to consider a
master plan for Franklin
Square in isolation.’
4. THE PARK WITHIN THE CITY
4.1 Discussion
A clear understanding of how Franklin Square
sits within the City is essential; it is also vital
for the Master plan to integrate with other
strategic work being undertaken within the
City.
As one community
observed:
member
accurately
Within the City, Franklin Square is part of the
Macquarie ridge civic precinct that includes
the southern edge of Macquarie Street,
between Murray Street and Dunn Place.
This Precinct contains a number of mid 19th
Century buildings that have continuously been
used for ‘civic’ functions (i.e. public offices and
governance).
‘It is a mistake to consider a master plan for
Franklin Square in isolation. It is essential to
plan its future within a wider redevelopment
of the City centre and its connection to
Sullivans Cove waterfront’
Governor Macquarie first mooted Hobart’s
‘civic precinct’ in his 1811 plan for colonial
Hobart. Centered on what is now Franklin
Square, Macquarie proposed a large public
square named Georges Square:
The extent of this Master plan is Franklin
Square, and the future refurbishment of the
park has considered contemporary initiatives
delivering change elsewhere in central Hobart
to the greatest extent possible.
‘On the Square it is intended at some future
period to erect a Church and Court House or
Town Hall and a Main Guard. It is also
intended that a Public market, under proper
regulations, shall be held in the centre of it
every Saturday … the Square likewise, as it
consists of an extensive area, will answer for
a Public Garrison Parade.’
Similarly, much of the cultural significance of
Franklin Square cannot be considered in
isolation, and is derived from the relationship
between the park, its environs and the people
of Hobart.
At least until 1817 the area was referred to as
‘the square’; and while Georges Square was
never fully realised, the surrounding civic
buildings, and civic use of the area helped
establish a civic identity for the precinct.
Figure 5 Franklin Square once had a much closer
relationship to the adjoining Treasury Office, for a time
presenting as the buildings ‘forecourt’ [Collin Denison].
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Figure 6 – Franklin Square in the City.
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The Macquarie Street ridge is a prominent
topographic feature leading up from Sullivans
Cove, with the steep bank down from the
Davey Street edge being part of the original
escarpment around Sullivans Cove.
Commanding views over Sullivans Cove were
once available from the ridge, hence its choice
for the early officers camp. The large buildings
along Davey Street now limit these views.
However, glimpses of the Cove are available
over the Elizabeth Street amenities, and the
chamfered edge of the Executive Building does
reveal Battery Point’s St Georges Church from
the western edge of Franklin Square.
Similarly, the view into the park for those
travelling along Davey and Macquarie Streets –
or from adjoining office buildings – remains an
important part of the City’s streetscape.
Similarly, Macquarie and Davey Streets are
major arterial routes that carry large numbers
of vehicles along two boundaries of the park
(28,500 and 37,200 vehicles per day
respectively).14
Located on the main pedestrian spine between
central Hobart and Sullivans Cove, Franklin
Square is exposed to a far greater number of
potential visitors that it was in the 19th
Century; with them, come a much greater
diversity of interests, demands and uses.
Many of these pedestrians move from the City
to the Cove along the edges of, and diagonally
through, Franklin Square. Therefore, the park
has also become an important route for
pedestrian movement within the City.
Other aspects of the City have also changed
around the park, and these changes have
unavoidable consequences for the park.
In the first instance, there are now far more
people within Hobart:

in 1860, Tasmania had a population of
~90,000, and Hobart 19,00010

in 2011, Tasmania had a population of
~495,000 11 and the greater Hobart had
grown to approximately ~170,000.12
As an indication of the number of people now
passing by Franklin Square, Hobart 2010
recorded 7,020 pedestrians in the nearby
Elizabeth Bus Mall; 3,474 on Elizabeth St
(between Davey and Morrison Streets); and
1,850 on Davey Street between Elizabeth and
Argyle during a single day in summer.13
Figure 7 For many, Franklin Square is an important
pedestrian route between Sullivans Cove and central
Hobart [Richard Jupe].
Of all the purposes for visiting Franklin Square,
‘to pass through’ was the most commonly
identified.
Overall, survey participants
considered the connecting pathways as
important as the mature trees, reflecting how
the majority of park visitors use Franklin
Square as part of a route through the City,
rather than a standalone destination.
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Figure 8 - Several ICAP projects have a direct influence upon Franklin Square, particularly AP02 and AP 03.
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The layout of the City has also changed, which
in turn influences the park’s use and activity:




The loss of the upper Davey Street
footpath (1950s), removal of the perimeter
fencing and corner gates (1944), and
construction of the central Macquarie
Street entrance (1940s) suggest the park is
often a de facto footpath rather than the
secluded promenade it once was.
The widening of the Macquarie Street
roadway (1950s) and reduction of its
southern footpath means some of the
subtle symmetry of the original layout is
lost, as well as diminishing the position of
the King Edward VII statue.
The relocation of the Premier’s office from
the Franklin Offices to the Executive
Building has refocused much of Hobart’s
civil protest from Franklin Square to
Parliament Lawns.
Traffic noise on Macquarie and Davey
Streets impacts upon the seclusion and
ambience of the park, and competes with
public speaking and private conversations
alike.

The proximity to bus services and removal
of the park’s perimeter fence mean that
the park is a popular waiting area for bus
services The surfacing and line marking of
the laneway (in front of the Treasury
building) formalises its role as a car park
through.

The construction of multistory office
buildings in the immediate vicinity bring
more people seeking a breakout location
for lunch, or travelling through Franklin
Square to nearby destinations.
Although outside the scope of the master plan,
and awaiting final resolution, there are a
number of ICAP projects that may have a
significant influence upon the role of Franklin
Square in the City:

Action Project 02 (AP02) Redesigning the
Bus Mall – proposes a safer system to
catch the buses, reduced risk of accidental
injury, improved access for all, a modern
lighting scheme and promotion of
appropriate retail establishments. This
would be the first stage in the upgrading of
the public transport system. The bus stops
along the edges of Franklin Square can
only be addressed when a more efficient
operational model can be tested and
introduced.
Figure 9 Franklin Square is a prominent feature within the central Hobart townscape.
Figure 10 Franklin Square is a prominent feature within the Hobart townscape [Richard
Jupe].
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

Action Project 03 (AP03) Pedestrian and
Cyclist Access Elizabeth Street - proposes
to make Elizabeth Street as a vibrant,
active spine to the city, and continue to
grow Sullivans Cove as a welcoming
destination. Specifically, AP03 seeks to
widen footpaths on both sides of Elizabeth
Street below Macquarie Street, and
redesign traffic lanes to improve
movement and safety.
The 2013 Stage 1 Light Rail Business Case
(DIER) – examined a number of terminus
locations for a light rail service in central
Hobart.
The business case identifies
Elizabeth Street (between Franklin Square
and the Town Hall) as the preferred
terminus.15
Figure 12 Elizabeth Street
Figure 11 Both AP03 and the light rail proposals are
focused on the Elizabeth St [Richard Jupe].
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4.2 Key Issues
A number of key issues have been identified
regarding the connections between Franklin
Square and its environs, these include:
i.
The treatment adjoining streetscapes and
the perimeter of Franklin Square does not
reflect the civic nature of the Macquarie
Street ridge, particularly the relationship
between the different early developments
such as the Town Hall, Franklin Square and
Treasury Offices.
ii. The prominence of the Macquarie Street
ridge as a ‘civic precinct’ has been eroded
by changes to the use and development of
land on and around the ridge:
o greater height of development within
the Cove weakens the topography of
the ridge
o cessation of some civic uses from the
area (i.e. loss of the Premier’s office
and relocation of protests to
Parliament Lawns).
iii. In
some
places,
current
traffic
arrangements and road developments
have eroded some culturally significant
values of the park:
o the widening of Macquarie Street and
loss of the streets trees within the
footpath has affected the alignment
and symmetry of the park
o the counter-flow traffic lane in
Macquarie Street encroaches upon
the historically wider footpath
adjacent
to
the
park,
and
compromises the setting of the King
Edward VII statue
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o
the 1950s widening of Davey Street
places greater reliance upon Franklin
Square to deliver a more ‘utilitarian’
pedestrian route along Davey Street
between Murray and Elizabeth
Streets.
iv. The scope of AP02 (Redesigning the Bus
Mall) could have a significant impact on
the fabric and cultural significance of
Franklin Square, including:
o future changes to the level of activity
within Franklin Square associated
with bus passengers
o future need for the Macquarie Street
counter flow bus lane
o future use, capacity and form of bus
shelters along Macquarie and
Elizabeth Streets.
v. The scope of AP03 (Pedestrian and Cyclist
Access Elizabeth Street) and the light rail
proposal could have a significant impact on
the fabric and cultural significance of
Franklin Square, including:
o potential changes to the treatment of
the Elizabeth Street boundary such as
reducing the road width and
increasing the footpath width
o streetscaping to improve the visual
and physical connection along
Elizabeth Street from the central
Hobart to the waterfront.
Figure 13 The appreciation of Franklin Square’s values is
often limited to those readily portrayed to visitors ‘as
they pass through’ [Newspix/Kim Eiszele].
4.3 Recommendations
In response to these issues, there are a
number of opportunities recommended for
Franklin Square:
i.
Support a consistent approach to
streetscapes throughout the Macquarie
ridge civic precinct, including lighting and
pavement treatments commensurate with
the area’s cultural significance and civic
role.
ii. Retain views from Franklin Square to
Battery Point and Sullivans Cove.
iii. Enhance the curtilage of the King Edward
VII statue in Macquarie Street through
reconstruction of the wider footpath and
kerb bulbing.
iv. Retain key pedestrian connections through
Franklin Square and improve their
accessibility where possible.
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v. If bus shelters are to remain in Macquarie
Street, it is recommended they be
redesigned to better respond to the
cultural significance of Franklin Square,
and the civic precinct more broadly,
including:
o higher quality design (i.e. high
transparency,
quality
materials,
quality lighting, modern signage,
more seating and adequate shelter
from wind and rain)
o integration with other streetscape
furnishings and treatments.1
vi. In the long term, if buses are to be largely
removed from Macquarie Street, it is
recommended that:
o the Macquarie Street counter-flow
lane is removed and the Macquarie St
footpath reconstructed to its original
width (aligned with the kerb outside
the Macquarie Street Treasury
Building and Town Hall)
o street trees are installed on the same
axis as the King Edward VII statue
o bus shelters and seating ‘insets’ are
removed from the Macquarie Street
edge, and the sandstone footings
along the park’s historic boundary
alignment are reconstructed.2
1 1
/ These recommendations are alternative approaches
to the Macquarie and Elizabeth streetscapes, depending
upon final resolution of the public transport needs within
the area.
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vii. If lower Elizabeth Street (between
Macquarie and Davey Streets) is to
become the focus of public transport
services (i.e. bus or light rail), the
recommended directions are:
o supporting
activation,
passive
surveillance and guardianship of
Elizabeth
Street
through
redevelopment and reuse of the
lower section of the Elizabeth Street
amenities
o clear delineation of the boundary
between the ‘park’ (Franklin Square)
and the ‘street’ ( Elizabeth Street) – as
further erosion of this boundary may
impact upon the ‘Gardenesque’
principles of the park’s design
o clear differentiation the ‘older’ park
from any ‘newer ‘landscaped areas
developed in adjoining streets.
viii. Through collaboration with the owner of
the Treasury Building, strengthen the
connection from the park across the
laneway to the offices. This may include:
o progressive repaving of the laneway
with materials consistent to those
used within Franklin Square
o progressive reduction in the fencing
and landscaping that currently
separates the park from the roadway
o facilitation of events and activities
that make use of both the roadway
and park as a temporary venue
(subject to landowner consent).
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was
‘…aand
monument
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to Franklin, whose
‘eminent & illustrious character’
was so well known.’
5. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
5.1 Discussion
Cultural significance refers to aesthetic,
historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for
past, present or future generations, and may
be embodied in the place itself, its fabric,
setting, use, association, meanings, records,
related places or related objects. Importantly,
places may have a range of values for different
individuals or groups. 16
Franklin Square’s listing statement for the
Tasmanian Heritage Register concludes:17
‘This park is of historic heritage significance
because its townscape and social
associations are regarded as important to
the community’s sense of place.
provides a broader assessment of the park’s
values consistent with the Burra Charter (see
Appendix 1). It also recommends the 19001930 period as a ‘reference period’ for guiding
park refurbishment. As during this period, the
park had a recognisably historic form, but one
relatively consistent with contemporary
requirements.
This expanded Statement of Significance not
only captures the three values described
above, but recognises a broader range of
values than those currently recorded in the
Register, including:

Historic value associated with colonial
Hobart – including archeological values of
the area occupied in the first days of
Collins’ arrival, Georges Square 1811 –
c.1817 and by Government House up to
1859.

Historic value associated with Sir John
Franklin and Lady Jane Franklin – including
demonstrating the community’s response
to Franklin’s term as governor and the
news of his death.
Franklin Square is of historic heritage
significance because of its ability to
demonstrate the principal characteristics of a
Victorian inner city park.
Franklin Square is of historic heritage
significance because it has the potential to
yield important information, of an
archaeological nature, that may contribute
to a greater understanding of Tasmania’s
history.’
th
Figure 14 An 1897 drainage plan showing the late 18 Century layout of Franklin Square [Metropolitan Drainage
Plan Sheet 11, 1897].
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
Aesthetic and historic values associated
with a civic garden – including a strong
axial symmetry, the gardenesque style
using classical and more picturesque
techniques, the high aesthetic values
associated with the form of the aging trees
and remnant areas with a garden like
quality.

Aesthetic value of the central ovoid area –
this includes the paved ovoid surrounded
by trees, statue of Sir John Franklin and
classically shaped water basin that are
highly valued by Hobart residents and by
visitors.



Historic value of the Macquarie ridge civic
precinct – including its role as a forecourt
to the Franklin Square Offices and in a less
direct sense to the Hobart Town Hall along
with the precinct’s general consistency
with the intent of Governor Macquarie’s
town plan of 1811.
Figure 16 Franklin Square has significance for its long
association with civic activities, including this pro-dam
rally during the 1980s [Newspix/Leigh Winburn].
The relationship and meaning of Franklin
Square to Tasmanian Aborigines featured in
many discussions. Often much of this
discussion centered on a direct response to the
statues of William Crowther and John Franklin;
and the feelings of anger, sadness, and regret
that they elicit.
Social value associated with its continuity
of use and the identity of Hobart and
Sullivans Cove – including the continuity of
use as an accessible open space within
Hobart, visited by residents and visitors for
almost 150 years, its social value as the
setting for routine life events, incidental
visits and the location of community
events, political rallies and peace vigils.
The statue of Sir John Franklin reminds many
of how in 1838, the Franklins ordered that
Mary – a young Aboriginal girl they met at
Wybalenna – be sent to Hobart. In Hobart she
was renamed Mathinna, re-educated and then
abandoned when the Franklins were recalled
to England in 1843.18
Historic value associated with strategic
defence importance – including the site of
air raid shelters during World War 2 and
potential archeological remains.
Similarly, the statue of Dr William Crowther
reminds many of how he was instrumental in
the desecration of the body of William Lanne
following his death.19
Both events are real, cannot be dismissed and
their impact cannot be understated.
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Yet these events also hint at different stories
of Tasmanian Aborigines with very real
connections to the immediate environs of
Franklin Square and Sullivans Cove.
Figure 18 details the elements within Franklin
Square according to their cultural significance;
including whether they detract from significant
values.
For example, Mathinna spent four of her
childhood years living in Government House –
a property that once sprawled across the land
now occupied by Franklin Square, Elizabeth
Street and the Town Hall – right in the heart of
Hobart.
Clearly there are a number of elements, such
as the central ovoid, which are of very high
significance and should be preserved.
However, there is also an argument for
modifying or removing those elements that
have both a lower significance and detract
from the ‘core’ values identified in the
statement of significance.
Similarly, William Lanne is also closely
connected to the park and it surrounds. Lanne
worked on whaling boats berthed in the Cove;
his body was desecrated by Dr William
Crowther (who is now immortalised in bronze),
and was finally buried in the cemetery 300m
Davey St, that is now St Davids Park.20
The bronze statues of colonial men not only
remind many of their darker actions, but could
also provide a toehold from which other
stories of Hobart and its people could be told
in Franklin Square, not just heroic expeditions
and professional services rendered.
Yet some elements, such as the chessboard,
while detracting from the park’s Victorian
origins, still have some significance due to their
more contemporary social value.
Considerable effort has been made to
understand the historic values of the Franklin
Square. Yet the park now exists within 21st
Century Hobart; and the City and its people
have changed, as has their knowledge, their
expectations and their needs.
As such, many park users felt that the historic
fabric was but one element of cultural
significance; and other values of cultural
significance, such as aesthetics and continuing
use, may counter the simple reconstruction of
a Victorian era park.
Rather than seeking to recreate the Franklin
Square as it once was, many people expressed
a need to first provide for contemporary use,
and achieve this in a manner that conserved
cultural significance of the park.
Figure 17 - The area now developed as Franklin Square
was once occupied by the original Government House
directly above the Sullivans Cove shoreline [credit TBC].
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Figure 18 - Cultural significance of elements within Franklin Square.
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For
example,
discussions
regarding
reconstruction of the 1890s wrought iron
fence often focused on a broader question of
whether or not the park should be fenced,
rather than its historic value.
5.2 Key Issues
The key issues regarding cultural significance
of the park can be summarised as:
i.
The physical layout, furnishings and
treatments within the park do not reflect
the cultural significance of Franklin Square.
For many, if a fence was necessary or
desirable, it followed that its design should
conserve cultural significance. Reconstruction
of the 1890s fence (or indeed other historic
fabric) only to conserve heritage values,
received only limited support.
ii. Subsequent additions and alternations to
the park detract from its overall
presentation and obscure highly significant
elements.
Discussions suggests that while people
recognise that the many of the trees and
bronze statues are important, few visitors
understand why those elements are of value.
iii. Some original elements from the 19001930 reference period that are important
to the integrity of the presentation of the
park have been removed or relocated.
Therefore, many visitors expressed a desire to
know more about the park, its history, and
associated values.
iv. Interpretation of the park’s cultural
significance is inadequate and focuses
simply upon historical events from a
particular era, all portrayed from a single
perspective. Little – if anything – is made
of the broader values that are entwined
with that history. Critically, nothing is told
of the Mouheneenner people and their
relationship with Sullivans Cove, or the
known relationships between Sir John
Franklin or Dr William Crowther and
Tasmanian Aborigines.
Contemporary approaches to interpretation go
well beyond signage, and the best converge
around complementary strategies to activate
and furnish public spaces.
Figure 19 Franklin Square was extensively modified in
the 1940s to provide air raid shelters for Hobart
[Australian War Memorial ID 051461].
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5.3 Recommendations
Franklin Square:
i.
Preservation of significant fabric within the
park where its setting is intact, including
the:
o Sir John Franklin statue, lower basin,
central ovoid area and path layout
o Dr William Crowther statue
o King Edward VII statue (Macquarie
Street)
o This
includes
the
ongoing
maintenance of statuary, bronze
work, fountain hydraulics and
electrics.
ii. Conserve
the
cultural
significance
associated with the mid to late 18th
Century establishment period for the park
by:
o retaining the central ovoid area, Sir
John Franklin statue and fountain
basin as the central feature within the
park
o investigating whether the central area
can be reconstructed to its original
larger size
o reconstructing or referencing of the
of the Macquarie Street perimeter
path
o reducing the prominence of the
Macquarie Street entry through a
more symmetrical layout, removing
the pergola and pavement detailing
o restoring the path layout by removal
of the extension of the Elizabeth
Street axial path (adjacent the toilet)
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o
detailing of the corner entries to
acknowledge a more definite entry to
the park – through pavement,
planting or signage.
iii. Conserve the cultural significance of the
park by reconstructing (possibly restoring)
significant fabric (including the removal of
works that detract from cultural
significance). Opportunities include:
o restoration of a section of historic
fencing along the Macquarie St
boundary as an interpretative feature
o reconstruction of perimeter beds and
more complex landscape planting
o removal of the Macquarie Street
entry pergola and speakers lectern.
iv. Provide more diverse interpretation of the
park’s cultural heritage – particularly
Aboriginal heritage – and utilise a variety
of approaches and media that target a
broad age range of visitors.
Such
approaches may include:
o subtle use of landscape design
o content of event programming
o public
art
commissions
and
installations
o installations that are reversible and
do not alter significant fabric (such as
projections and sound)
o greater provision of information
‘offsite’ – including the City of Hobart
website
o possible
interpretation
of
archeological fabric revealed during
future works.
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v. Acknowledge the cultural significance of
the park through use of a more considered
palette of materials and finishes that
embodies a contemporary approach to
design and materials, yet reference the
historic context within which they sit.
Opportunities for such an approach
include:
o furniture such as seating, rubbish bins
and lighting
o hard landscaping, in particular the
central area paving, pathways and
walling
o
o
chess board
ancillary infrastructure such as
balustrading, handrails and tactile
markers.
vi. Undertake
specific
archaeological
investigations or monitoring of areas likely
to contain Lieutenant Gunning’s cottage
and the office wing of the original
Government House.
Such work may
inform detailed landscape design, reveal
interpretation opportunities as well as
minimise adverse impacts on such values.
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permit No. PLN-15-00603-01 and was ‘…around
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the monument
will be planted with a selection of
choice shrubs and flowers’
6. SOFT LANDSCAPE
6.1 Discussion
Colonial gardens were often mixes of
picturesque, French formal and gardenesque
styles, and the lines between them were
frequently blurred. 21 While the planting of
Franklin Square was clearly informed by the
gardenesque style of the period, fashions in
garden design changed from the initial planting
of the park, through the reference period, to
the early 20th Century.
While formally named a ‘square’, it is clear that
from its inception Franklin Square was to be a
park; surviving plantings and historic photos
reveal that Franklin Square had subtle
symmetrical layout, with some formal
perimeter planting and beds comprising bold
forms and striking foliage.
‘Phyllomania’ (abundant or excessive leaves
and foliage) was common, and the popularity
of conifers and subtropical plantings were a
part of this lust for foliage. Floral displays and
formal parterres also went in and out of vogue.
serve to counter further simplification of the
soft landscape.
The draft conservation plan urges for the
reconstruction of a more complex landscape,
and advocates against further erosion of the
‘gardenesque design’.
However, many
Victorian era horticultural practices are
unlikely to prove satisfactory if they were to be
reconstructed in present times.
For example, the lawn areas are highly valued
for rest and relaxation, and replacement of
large lawn areas with dense plantings would
impede this use.
Furthermore, dense and secluded understory
planting is unlikely to satisfy contemporary
demands regarding public safety and it is
difficult to re-establish a dense understory
below what is now a mature canopy.
Many plants were sourced from the Royal
Society’s Gardens (later to become the Royal
Tasmanian Botanical Gardens) and Port Arthur.
Although the park’s landscaping is now much
simpler, the soft landscaping – notably the
remnant beds, mature canopy and rolling
lawns – are highly valued by the community.
Figure 20 Franklin Square once featured much denser
plantings and greater species diversity [Hobart, Archives
Office of Tasmania (PH30/1/2716].
The cultural significance associated with the
park as an ‘civic garden’, along with the high
contemporary value placed upon the trees,
lawns and shrubs by the community, must all
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Figure 21 Franklin Square Tree Reference Plan.
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6.3 Recommendations
Franklin Square:
i.
Figure 22 The statue of Sir john Franklin was set amongst
a densely planted rockery where the current upper basin
of the fountain is located [‘Public Buildings’ - Hobart,
Archives Office of Tasmania (PH30/1/93)].
6.2 Key Issues
regarding the soft landscaping within Franklin
Square, these include:
i.
The similar age of the canopy trees means
that the retention of a mature canopy will
require the removal (while still relatively
healthy) and replanting of individual trees.
This is particularly relevant along the
Davey Street edge.
ii. The draft conservation plan identifies a key
issue to be the simplification of the park’s
landscaping relative to the 1900-1930
reference period. This simplification has
eroded the cultural significance of the
park, particularly the sense of enclosure
afforded the central area.
iii. There is no agreed plant palette or design
principles that outline ‘what happens’
when a planting (such as a mature canopy
tree) needs replacement.
Develop a planting plan to conserve the
park’s landscape structure. The planting
plan is to be based on the following
directions:
o Prepare a tree succession plan that
details the phased removal and
replanting of canopy trees to
maintain a mature canopy presence
over time.
o Retain the original tree planting
structure from the 19th Century –
replacing canopy trees in the same
location (as far as practical) so as to
retain the ‘double ring’ of canopy
trees (as shown on Figure 21 Tree
Reference Plan).
o Replace canopy trees with the same
species.
o Partial reconstruction of horticultural
displays around central area.
Apply Crime Prevention Through
Environmental
Design
(CPTED)
principles to plant placement. The
shrubs around existing gathering
points and movement routes should
be pruned or removed e.g. Camellia
sp. at toilet stairs, Choisya ternata at
the Davey/Macquarie Street corner
entry to the park.
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ii. Develop a plant schedule for future plant
replacements based on the following
principles:
o Species should comprise those
planted in Hobart during the
reference period and derived from
known reference material including
historic photos, Royal Tasmanian
Botanic Gardens species lists and
nurserymen catalogues from the
period.
o Species should demonstrate intense
botanic interest through a mix of
foliage and flowers from around the
world. A rich mix of annuals, bulbs,
herbs, succulents, natives, conifers
and other shrubs and groundcovers
should be used.
o Plants that are poisonous or can
cause allergic reactions (e.g. Foxglove
(Digitalis purpurea, Nerium oleander)
should not be planted.
o Plants with seed pods or debris that
could be used as missiles should not
be planted.
o Plants that are known environmental
weeds in Tasmania (e.g. Pampas
Grass (Cortaderia species), Tree of
Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) should
not be planted.
o Future plantings should not block key
views to Battery Point and Sullivan’s
Cove.
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iii. Other key opportunities that could be
pursued as part of the refurbishment of
the park include:
o replace the southern replacement
1863 memorial Oak (Macquarie
Street frontage) with a sapling grown
from the seed - or cutting - of its
northern partner
o relocate the replacement tree to the
perimeter of the park.
o Expose the Davey Street retaining
wall so as to provide a formal edge to
the park.
Figure 23
The original rockery planting was
representative of the gardenesque style featuring
intense botanic interest through a mix of foliage and
flowers from around the world [Collin Denison].
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and picturesque
was
‘…of such
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importance and
occupies so central a position too
much thought and care cannot be
given to its reconditioning.’
7. HARD LANDSCAPE
7.1 Discussion
The need to do any work within Franklin
Square was questioned by some visitors; to
many, the park ‘was fine the way it is’. When
asked to comment on the current facilities and
presentation of Franklin Square, the majority
of survey participants were generally satisfied.
Others, echoing both earlier sentiments that
‘… too much thought and care cannot be given
to its reconditioning’22 and concerns expressed
in the draft Conservation Plan, questioned
whether the current presentation was
adequate in light of its location, cultural
significance and usage.
Hobart 2010 also suggests the presentation of
Hobart’s public spaces could be improved:23
‘The public spaces need a breath of fresh air.
They must be more attractive and
recreational. The recreational spaces must
be the sparkling pearls in the network – that
unify and intensify the experiences.
Improve the quality of green spaces to
encourage recreation within the city and as
assets for residents and neighbourhood
identities. Strengthen the programming and
invitations of the green space.’
Describing the park as a ‘dog’s breakfast’, one
Hobart resident expressed their concern that
the different elements and furnishings do not
sit comfortably alongside one another, detract
from the park’s amenity and do not furnish it
with a clear identity (see Figures montages).
Put simply, it was argued that the park does
not come together ‘as a whole’ to reflect its
More pragmatically, other public input focused
on the relationship between the park’s
physical elements and their use; better lighting
to allay safety concerns, more seating for
lunchtime visitors, eliminating unnecessary
steps to improve access, and new paving that
doesn’t snag the heel of your work shoes.
Figure 24 During the early 1900s, Franklin Square
featured a series of long, curved seats around the central
area and some paths [Post card collection, Tasmanian
Library, ADRI au-7-0016-125396226].
Significant hard landscaping and furniture
items within the park, such as lighting and
paving, are showing clear signs of wear, and
are due for replacement by 2020. With a
replacement value of over $1.3M (excluding
the statues and Elizabeth Street amenities),
future refurbishment of the park’s hard
landscape warrants considerable thought and
care.
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Figure 25 Hard landscaping within the Park comprises inconsistent styles and some is due for replacement in the near future.
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The changing context of the park has affected
how the hard landscape is now used, and what
is expected of it.
The park’s path network now has a much
greater role in City pedestrian movement than
it once did. Original elements, such as narrow
entry gates, perimeter fencing and gravel
surfaces, all conflict with how the park is now
used in a 21st Century Hobart.
Similarly, while the Elizabeth Street amenities
may detract from the Victorian era layout, they
are the only public toilets on the Elizabeth
Street pedestrian spine and should be retained
due to this broader role within the city.
7.2 Key Issues
regarding the assets and facilities within
Franklin Square, these include:
i.
The choice of materials used in the central
area, pathways (including steps) and
retaining walls, do not reflect the cultural
significance or civic quality of the park.
ii. The subtle symmetry of the original 1860s
path layout – a key element of the values
associated with the Victorian era
landscape design – has been eroded by the
loss of the Macquarie Street perimeter
path and inclusion of the Elizabeth and
Macquarie Street entrances and paths.
iii. Key areas of the park, particularly the roof
of the amenities building, are not
accessible to people with limited mobility.
Other interventions to improve access and
mobility, as detailed in Australian Standard
1428, have not been installed.
iv. Materials used in the pathways,
particularly those within the central area,
are failing and starting to detract from the
presentation of the park.
v. The large extents of brick retaining walls
along the Elizabeth Street linear path and
alongside the Long Steps, are visually
prominent, and detract from the aesthetic
values of the park.
vi. There is a profusion of elements with
varying design (see Figure 25 and 26). The
different park elements detract from a
presentation of the park as a cohesive
whole and, in some cases, detract from the
values of the park (i.e. wishing well,
pergola, chess board, bins, signage).
vii. Current lighting of the park does not meet
contemporary standards and is likely to
adversely impact upon visitor amenity,
particularly perceptions of safety.
viii. Signage within the park is inconsistent with
the cultural significance of the park, and
the existing interpretive signage is
incomplete and in poor condition.
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Figure 26 Furniture within Franklin Square and the adjoining streetscape is of an inconsistent style, and some (like the lighting and signage) is in poor condition.
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ix. The fountain hydraulics and electrical
components, while functional, are nearing
30 years old and their efficiency,
sustainability, functionality, reliability and
maintenance could be improved through
use of modern technology.
x. There is a lack of shelter from wind and
rain within the park that impedes its year
round use.
7.3 Recommendations
Franklin Square:
i.
Adopt a materials palette that portrays the
dignity and civic nature of the park. Such
materials could include:
o The predominant sandstone and
muted tones of the Macquarie Street
precinct
o a non-modular surface that features a
‘gravel like’ appearance for the
central area, pathways and steps
o coloured in situ concrete (sandstone
colour) with appropriate capping or
formal sandstone walls for those
retaining walls to be kept.
ii. Reduce the extent of retaining walls to
minimise visual impact – yet retaining the
walling along the Elizabeth Street pathway
for seating (utilising a more sympathetic
material).
iii. Improve equity of access within the park
where
practical
(recognising
the
topographic constraints arising from its
ridge top position)– particularly:
o removing the steps at the Elizabeth
St/Macquarie St entry
o providing at grade access onto the
upper roof area of the Elizabeth
Street amenities
o address contemporary requirements
for
tactile
marking
where
necessary(as per AS1428) - ensuring
such treatments are sympathetic to
the park’s values
o provision
of
handrails
where
appropriate.
iv. Conserve the cultural significance of the
park
through
restoration
and
reconstruction of elements consistent with
the 1900-1930 reference period:
o removal of the pergola as it obscures
the Sir John Franklin statue, confuses
historic periods, impacts upon
symmetrical layout, and places too
greater emphasis on the Macquarie
Street entry
o relocation of the chess board to new
position in speakers corner to
compliment the park’s axial symmetry
o removal of the speakers lectern and
its replacement with interpretation of
use of the park for public protest
o restoration (in part) of the wrought
iron period fence (1891-1944) period
as an interpretative feature along
part of the Macquarie Street
boundary.
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v. Undertake a plumbing and electrical
assessment of the fountain to inform asset
replacement works.
Along with
improvements to routine operation, a
secondary component of this assessment
should provide advice on how the jets and
lighting could be augmented to provide
greater interaction, interpretation and
variety in their operation.
vi. Develop a coordinated suite of furniture
for the park– and its adjoining streetscape
– the design of which references the
cultural significance of the park and
contributes to a high quality in the
presentation of the park. The suite could
include:
o Signage – including interpretive,
advisory and regulatory
o Lighting
o Barriers and bollards
o Seating
o Balustrades and handrails
o Garbage bins.
o David Shaw’s 1985 seating should be
used as reference for a new ‘family’
of seating that may include ‘long
seats’ around some quadrants of the
central area and some pathways.
vii. Investigate the provision of more seating
within the park, the opportunities for
which include:
o long seats around the central area
o new seating in around the chess
board in speakers corner (integrated
with games piece storage)
o additional seating on the roof of the
Elizabeth Street amenities building
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o
low walls to act as seating in lower
lawn quadrant facing the Elizabeth
Street amenities.
viii. Design a new suite of park lighting
nominally to a P6 or P7 subcategory based
on AS/NZ 1158 Lighting for Roads and
Public Places, recognising:
o Franklin Square is primarily a
pedestrian space
o the need to reduce the high
perceived and real risk of crime
within the Franklin Square during the
evening
o the
desire to enhance the
presentation or prestige of the park
o the relatively high activity levels
within the park, and the desire to
further activate the park
o the need to reduce and realign the
number of lighting poles (and
structures) used within the park
o use of contemporary technology to
minimize power consumption and
operating costs.
ix. Redevelop the Elizabeth Street amenities
building roof, and its interface with the
park, in order to provide:
o improved access onto the roof area
and reduce anti-social behavior
opportunities associated with the
current access path
o additional seating and possibly
shelter, to encourage more regular
use
o services suitable for use of the roof
area as a small events venue (such as
power and water outlets)
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o
o
a clear view between the roof area
and adjacent park area and Sullivans
Cove waterfront
additional interpretation of park
values and themes
x. Redevelop the vacant lower half of the
Elizabeth Street amenities building in
conjunction with ICAP AP03 for a use that
can provide for greater activation, passive
surveillance and guardianship of the park
and lower Elizabeth Street area.
Opportunities may include:
o commercial food and beverage
operation
o
o
‘pop up’ gallery or art installation
visitor services, information
booking & ticketing outlet.
or
xi. Investigate a higher level of cleansing and
maintenance for the Elizabeth Street
amenities in recognition of their central
location and high use.
xii. Investigate the feasibility of integrating
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
features that capture and then reuse
water onsite.
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and was is
‘Freedom
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the right to tell peopl e
what they do not want to hear’
8. ACTIVITY
8.1 Discussion
Franklin Square was laid out as a Victorian era
garden park. Yet there is a lingering ideal –
perhaps dating from Macquarie’s 1881
concept of Georges Square – that Franklin
Square should be Hobart’s civic plaza.
Many uses of Franklin Square; along with its
setting amongst grand civic buildings, have all
contributed to this notion that the park is
Hobart’s civic plaza.
The provision of a ‘speakers corner’ and
lectern (complete with George Orwell’s words
‘Freedom is the right to tell people what they
do not wish to hear’ 24 ), is also something
anticipated in civic plazas – not 19th Century
garden parks.
While Gelh recorded a higher average number
of staying activities during a summer weekday
than nearby St Davids Park, Parliament Lawns
and Princes Park, the type of activity recorded
in Franklin Square is focused on seating and
standing.
This continuity of use for nearly 150 years is
one of the culturally significant values
identified in the draft conservation plan; which
recognises the park’s social value as the setting
for routine life events, incidental visits and a
location of community events.
A core objective of this master plan is to
integrate this contemporary use with the
conservation of cultural significance. To do so,
Franklin Square should – where consistent
with the conservation of cultural significance –
provide for the broadening range of routine
and incidental uses now sought within the
public spaces of a modern city.
Within Hobart 2010 and throughout the
engagement program, the need for public
spaces within Hobart for children was a strong
theme. Franklin Square is of interest to
children; engagement activities highlighted the
fountain, trees, chessboard and fallen autumn
leaves as all providing free play opportunities
for young visitors.
In many ways, how people currently use
Franklin Square is remarkably consistent with
its use recorded in historic images; public
celebrations, protests and exhibitions, visitors
playing draughts or chess, or simply relaxing
and watching the fountain.
How people use the park now – a place to wait
for the bus, lunching with friends, visitors
photographing the statue and fountain, or as a
venue for cultural events – is much as it has
always been.
Figure 27 Along with the chessboard, wishing well and
low retaining walls, the fountain is a popular ‘free play’
area of children [Richard Jupe].
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Figure 28 - Current activity areas within the Park.
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Yet the current interest in Franklin Square for
children is more by good luck than good
design. The current treatment of the park
offers little that deliberately engages younger
visitors to the park.
Along with the obligatory ice cream shop,
activities with children also revealed a clear
interest in more colour – particularly flowers –
and things that were interactive; a fountain
you could make ‘go bigger’, a maze and a
rollercoaster.
While the installation of play equipment – or a
roller coaster – is unlikely to prove consistent
with the core values and setting of the park, a
subtle layer of detailing, embedded within
refurbished lighting, walling, pavements and
interpretation, provides scope to include
elements that engage children.
Specifically, any refurbishment of the Elizabeth
Street amenities building roof may also
explicitly provide greater activity for children.
This detailing, along with addressing
perceptions
of
safety
and
greater
programming, offers great opportunity for
Franklin Square to become a more welcoming
and fun park for children.
In addition to statutory requirements, as
Hobart’s civic park Franklin Square should
demonstrate a high level of accessibility.
While its location on a ridgeline will always
constrain the accessibility within the park to a
degree; the furnishings, materials and design
should not unnecessarily impede access to the
park and its key elements.
Figure 29 The ‘interactive’ nature of chess board –
having pieces to move and handle – means it remains of
strong interest to children [Newspix/Kim Eiszele].
There are relatively simple changes to detailing
can be made to improve the accessibility of the
park. More subtle changes such as seats with
armrests, tactile markers to indicate steps,
smooth and even pavement surfaces and a
higher standard of evening lighting, would all
improve the accessibility of the Franklin
Square.
A major issue to be addressed in the Master
plan is the perception of safety within Franklin
Square. Concerns regarding safety are real,
and are reflected in a both crime risk
assessment of the park and the work of Hobart
2010 whereby; ‘inactive Franklin Square
creates an unsafe barrier on the way to the
night time activities at the harbor’.25
Furthermore, over half of the survey
respondents generally felt safe during the day,
but not during the evening.
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When events undertaken within Franklin
Square were discussed, particularly the Ten
Days on the Island ‘Pop up Furniture’ (2013)
and ‘Digital Odyssey’ (2010) events, or the City
of Hobart’s Franklin2 concerts, people
appreciated how such events activated the
park.
They also expressed a desire to see a more
frequent program of events.
The master plan and its recommendations for
refurbishment of the park can improve the
functionality of the park as a venue and further
the activation of Hobart’s public spaces.
As an example, ensuring services are readily
available within the park, means events are
easier to undertake; and if easier, it may mean
events become more frequent.
8.2 Key Issues
regarding the assets and facilities within
Franklin Square, these include:
i.
Little in Franklin Square has been explicitly
provided for the enjoyment and interest of
children and families.
ii. Vehicular noise levels within the park can
adversely impact upon the amenity of the
park and its suitability for some activities
and events.
iii. There is only limited passive surveillance of
Franklin Square from adjoining properties
outside of business hours, and the passive
surveillance of Franklin Square from some
adjoining buildings may not be effective.
iv. Due to the majority of surrounding
buildings being used for public offices,
there is limited activation of Franklin
Square from adjoining land uses
particularly
during
evenings
and
weekends.
Figure 30
The 2010 Digital Odyssey installation,
particularly its interpretation of stories linked to the park,
was a popular example of the type of activity many
people supported for Franklin Square ['Digital Odyssey',
Craig Walsh, Franklin Square, Hobart, Ten Days on the
Island 2011 – Image: Alistair Bett, f8 Photography©
Courtesy of Ten Days on the Island].
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v. There are no ready available electricity
outlets within the park for use during
temporary events.
Therefore, power
supply can be a constraint upon use of the
park for artistic and cultural events.
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vii. There is a definite perception that Franklin
Square attracts anti-social behavior and
that it may be unsafe, particularly at night.
The key contributors to crime risk within
the park include:
o inactive street frontages – particularly
during evenings and weekends –
whereby the park is surrounded by
offices and government buildings
o the absence of a permanent retail
presence, sporadic events, and
ephemeral management and/or
Police presence, means there are few
‘guardians’ within the park –
particularly in the weekday peak
afternoon period
o the poor visibility and narrow access
onto the roof area of the Elizabeth
Street amenities building means this
area is often uninviting
o the poor standard of evening lighting
discourages evening pedestrian use.
viii. Unnecessary vehicular access into the park
during peak visitor times does erode the
primacy of the park as a pedestrian space.
ii. Ensure that the design of future works
within the park feature subtle detailing
(consistent with the park’s values) which
generate interest and activity for children.
Initiatives may include:
o the provision of age specific
interpretation within the park for
children
o interactive or operable features
within the park lighting, fountain
and/or hard landscaping
o diverse landscaping that includes
additional colour and interest,
including flowers.
iii. Redesign the Elizabeth Street amenities
building roof and its interface with the
park, in order to provide a small outdoor
venue space that can easily be used for
small to medium scale public events,
performances and art installations.
iv. Investigate opportunities to facilitate the
use of the park for artistic installations and
events through improved landscape design
and services (such as additional power
outlets, Wi-Fi and/or feature lighting).
8.3 Recommendations
Franklin Square:
i.
Retain traditional use of the park as an
urban garden square, including use for
small cultural events, while continuing to
allow the use of Franklin Square as a site
for protests.
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vi. Investigate opportunities to provide for
additional activation, passive surveillance
and guardianship within the park, this may
include:
o a increased formal presence within
the park through maintenance
activities (such as a higher demand
for horticultural maintenance)
o a commercial concession or license
providing for the use of the lower half
of the Elizabeth Street amenities
building (if redeveloped)
o regular programming of the park and
the refurbished Elizabeth Street
amenities building roof – such as the
Franklin2 concerts.
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vii. Ensure future works within the park
generally further the principles of Crime
Prevention through Environmental Design
(CPTED), in particular works should seek
to:
o minimise concealment opportunities
in and around the entrance to roof
area of the Elizabeth St amenities
building and elsewhere
o reinforce the public ownership of –
and free access to- to the roof area
Elizabeth Street amenities building
o improve lighting within the park to
enable greater facial recognition
during the evening
o improve passive surveillance through
increased formal and informal activity
within the park – particularly during
evenings and weekends.
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permit No. PLN-15-00603-01 and was‘a
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beautiful green refuge
for use by all’
9. CONCEPT PLAN
The recommended actions outlined within the
preceding sections have been used to develop
the concept plan for Franklin Square. The key
features – or physical changes – illustrated by
the concept plan include:



Replacement of existing pavement with an
exposed aggregate coloured concrete to
reflect the original gravel surfacing and
muted sandstone colours of the buildings
within the Macquarie Street civic ridge.
Reduction of retaining walls within the
park, and where retained for seating
(Elizabeth Street perimeter path) or
control of level changes, use of a formal
sandstone walling.
Restoration of the original Victorian era
park layout through relocation of the chess
board to speakers corner, removal of the
Elizabeth Street linear path, referencing of
the original Macquarie Street liner path
through soft landscaping and pavement
detailing, and detailing of the Macquarie
Street entry to reduce its prominence.

Removal of built elements that detract
from the core values of cultural
significance within the park. Features
recommended for removal include the
Macquarie Street pergola and speakers
lectern.

Greater diversity in landscaping through
introduction of floral borders to the central
ovoid, low shrub beds behind the bus
shelters on Macquarie Street and greater
diversity in the Macquarie Street bed.

Redevelopment of the roof area of the
Elizabeth Street amenities building and
adjoining pathway area to provide at grade
access, additional seating, shelter, and
services to facilitate its use for smallmedium performances.

Redevelopment of the lower half of the
Elizabeth Street amenities building for uses
that provide greater activation, passive
surveillance and guardianship of that area.

Replacement of all failing assets such as
lighting, paving, interpretive signage and
furniture.

Replacement of the existing bitumen
surfacing of the Treasury car park with a
pavement consistent with that used within
Franklin Square to strengthen the
connection between these 2 heritage
places.
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APPENDIX 1
REVISED STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
provides a broader Statement of Significance
for Franklin Square than that currently
included in the Tasmanian Heritage Register
(THR).
This revised Statement captures the 3 values
described in the Register, and recognises a
broader range of values – perhaps spanning a
longer period – than that currently recorded in
the Register.26
‘The area of Franklin Square has a direct
association with colonial Hobart. The Square
is located on the area occupied in the first
days of the settlement of Hobart by officers
tents, then early cottages and gardens,
Georges Square 1811 - c 1817 and by
Government House up to 1859.
Any
archaeological features and/or deposits that
survive from this period will offer rare
insights to this key period in the evolution of
the State’s capital city.
Franklin Square was established as a setting
for a memorial statue of Sir John Franklin
shortly after 1859. The Square and the statue
demonstrate the Hobart community’s
response to Sir John Franklin’s term as
governor and to news of his death. The
Square has a strong association with Sir John
Franklin and his wife Lady Jane Franklin.
The Square is an example of a civic garden. It
was laid out with a strong axial symmetry
achieved within the gardenesque style using
classical and more picturesque techniques.
The path layout, double ring of trees and
enclosed central area create a sense of
tranquility and of distance from the busy
urban context. The relatively high intactness
of the layout and central area allow the
values of the distinctive original design with
corner entries perimeter paths and a brief
wide path into the central area to be
appreciated, although compromised at the
Macquarie and Elizabeth Street perimeter
areas. The form of the aging trees
contributes to the high aesthetic values of
Franklin Square, as does the remnant areas
with a gardenlike quality on the Davey St
boundary and to a lesser extent the area
near the Franklin Square Offices boundary.
The central area of Franklin Square with
paved ovoid surrounded by trees, statue of
Sir John Franklin and classically shaped water
basin are highly valued by Hobart residents
and by visitors. The statue and water basin
have been a focus of attention since the
Square was opened.
The Square is an integral part of the
Macquarie ridge civic precinct which extends
along the south side of Macquarie Street
from Murray Street to Dunn Place. It provides
a forecourt to the Franklin Square Offices and
in a less direct sense to the Hobart Town
Hall. The existing civic precinct including
Macquarie Street, Franklin Square and the
administration use of buildings is consistent
in general direction with the town plan of
Governor Macquarie 1811.
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Franklin Square is an accessible open space
within Hobart, visited by Hobart residents
and visitors to the city for almost 150 years
and has significance associated with
continuity of use. It has social value as the
setting for routine life events and incidental
visits for a wide range of people and as the
location of community events, political rallies
and peace vigils, promotions and private
events. Prominently located in Davey,
Macquarie and Elizabeth Streets it is part of
the identity of Hobart and Sullivans Cove for
residents and visitors.
Franklin Square’s central location was of
strategic defense importance as the site of
air raid shelters during World War 2.
Although subsequently filled in, evidence of
the shelters may survive in archaeological
contexts.
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for use by all’
REFERENCES
1
Gehl Architects. (2010). Hobart 2010 Public
Spaces and Public Life. Gehl Architects,
Copenhagen. p.142-149.
2
Nicholls M., (Ed). (1997). The Diary of the
Reverend Robert Knopwood, 1803-183 : first
Chaplain of Van Diemen's Land. Tasmanian
Historical Research Association, Sandy Bay,
Tasmania.
3
Ferndene Studio. (Decemeber 2012 (reprint)).
Franklin Square Conservation Plan. Hobart:
Ferndene Studio. p.9.
11
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Basic
Community Profile (Catalogue number 2001.0)
Tasmania (6). Canberra: Commonwealth of
Australia.
12
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Basic
Community Profile (Catalogue number 2001.0)
Hobart
(UCL603001).
Canberra:
Commonwealth of Australia.
13
Gehl Architects. (2010). Op. Cit. p.110-141.
14
Department of Infrastructure, Energy and
Resources. (2011). Congestion in Greater
Hobart - Response to Issues. State of Tasmania,
Hobart. p.8.
15
Franklin Square Conservation Plan – Appendix
1 Historic Development. p.3.
ACIL Tasman. (2013). Stage 1 Light Rail
Business Case. Department of Infrastructure,
Energy and Resources, State of Tasmania,
Hobart.
5
16
4
Franklin Square Conservation Plan. Op. Cit.
p.10-11.
6
Appendix 1 Historic Development. p.7
7
Appendix 1 Historic Development. p.7
Australia ICOMOS Incorporated. (2000). The
Burra Charter: The Australian ICOMOS Charter
for Places of Cultural Significance. Burwood:
Australia ICOMOS Incorporated. p.2.
17
Ferndene Studio. (Decemeber 2012
(reprint)). Franklin Square Conservation Plan.
Op Cit. p.1.
18
8
Hobart City Council. (1997 (inc. amendments
up t 19th Feb 2013)). Sullivans Cove Planning
Scheme. Hobart City Council, Hobart. p. 42-47.
Felton, H. (2005). The Companion to
Tasmanian History. (Alexander, A. Ed.) Hobart:
Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies. p.206.
19
9
Hobart City Council. (1997). Op. Cit. pp. 105113.
McFarlane, I. (2005). The Companion to
Tasmanian History. (Alexander, A. Ed.). Op. Cit.
p.229.
10
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2006).
Australian Historical Population Statistics cat.
no. 3105.0.65.001. Canberra: Commonwealth
of Australia.
20
Lehman, G. (no date). Beneath the Still
Waters: Connecting with Tasmania's Deep
History in Sullivans Cove. Unpublished notes
provided by author.
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21
Hurburgh, M., (1986). The Royal Tasmanian
Botanical Gardens, 1818-1986: a History in
Stone, Soil and Superintendents, Shearwater
Press, Sandy Bay, Tas.
22
(reprint)). Franklin Square Conservation Plan
Op. Cit. p.29.
23
Gehl Architects. (2010). Op. Cit. p.103.
24
Orwell, G., (1972). ‘Freedom of the Press’ in
The Times Literary Supplement, (September 15,
1972).
Available
http://www.orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_F
arm/english/efp_go 25 November 2013.
25
Gehl Architects. (2010). Op. Cit. p.61.
26
(reprint)). Franklin Square Conservation Plan
Op. Cit. 31.
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