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The Big Three High Renaissance Leonardo Michelangelo Raphael 1500 – 1600 The action moves to Rome Renaissance timeline Donatello David Josquin Ave Maria . . . Michelangelo David Michelangelo Raphael Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci artist-scientist REFORMATION 1400 perspective 1500 The Last Supper 1600 proportion 4 groups of 3 1 Madonna and Child with St. Anne Mona Lisa aka La Gioconda • 1503-5 • Oil on wood • Monumentality • Figure as architecture • sfumato • chiaroscuro Curves in background tie into curves in garment (relating fg & bg becomes an issue) Michelangelo Buonarroti Simoni • Lived to be 89 • Thinks of himself mainly as a sculptor but was a painter, architect and poet too • If da Vinci is the scientist, Michelangelo is the poet/thinker/emotionalist c. 1500 [date to remember] - Monumental (13’ 5”) - Distortion (big hands, big head, extra long arms) - Florence David detail Sprezzatura & terribilita Sprezzatura & terribilita Sprezzatura - a studied carelessness Terribilita – awe-inspiring power Renaissance ideals 2 Sprezzatura Sprezzatura & Terribilita Pazzi Chapel Pitti Palace p. 198 Laocoon and his two sons HELLENISTIC They’re back! Rediscovered 1506 Direct influence on Michelangelo 3 Sistine Chapel • 1508-1512 • Fresco • Last Judgment back wall 15361541 A colorist! But color is used to reinforce design Raphael Sanzio 1483-1520 • Youngest of the 3 • He synthesizes what he learns from both • He began painting in Florence • Called to Rome by Pope • “Art responds to Art” 4 Madonna of the Meadow 1505 Portrait of Pope Julius II 1511-12 Influenced by da Vinci • Psychological study • 1st known portrait of an individual pope The School of Athens School of Athens • • • • One point perspective All the important Greek philosophers Located in the papal apartments library Working on this commission same time Michelangelo is working on the Sistine chapel • No Christian themes here • Great variety of poses The School of Athens Uses well known figures • • • • Da Vinci is Plato Herakleitos is Michelangelo Raphael as himself Euclid is Bramante 5 The School of Athens Minerva Plato Socrates Da Vinci Apollo Alexander the Great Plato points up to ideal realm Socrates Aristotle motions to the here & now Raphael Raphael Madonna dell Granduca, c.1505 33 x 22 in Raphael Madonna of the Pinks, 1507 Raphael St. Sebastian, 1502 6 huge Raphael Transformation, 1517 KEY IMAGE PERIOD: ARTIST: TITLE: Turner study, 1810 Renaissance Raphael KEY IMAGE PERIOD: Leonardo ARTIST: School of Athens TITLE: p. 212 Renaissance Last Supper p. 202 KEY IMAGE PERIOD: Renaissance ARTIST: Michelangelo TITLE: David DATE: c. 1500 Renaissance timeline Donatello David Josquin Ave Maria . . . Michelangelo David Michelangelo Raphael Leonardo REFORMATION p. 206 1400 1500 1600 7 RENAISSANCE DATEBOOK Summary – Italian Renaissance • POLITICS – Italian city-states; power from € (money) 1432 – Donatello’s nude David 1492 – Columbus, Christian consolidation of Spain • EARLY RENAISSANCE – Florence • HIGH RENAISSANCE – Rome • ART – Classical ideals revived; BIG 3 c.1500 – Michelangelo’s David & Josquin’s Ave Maria . . . Virgo Serena • IDEAS – Humanism returns • MUSIC – Josquin & imitative counterpoint 8
