HYBRID buses

EMT MADRID EXPERIENCE WITH CLEAN FUELS: INITIATIVES
AND CHALLENGES
Sergio Fernández-Balaguer
Communication, Client and Consultancy department
Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid (EMT)
Kortrijk, October 20th, 2015
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Madrid figures
• Madrid region is one of
the 17 autonomous
regions of Spain
• It has 179
municipalities and a
population of more than
6 million inhabitants
(3.2 million in Madrid
City)
• 8,028.5 km2
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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EMT tasks
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Providing bus service within the municipality of Madrid
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Surveillance of dedicated bus lines
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Managing the municipal tow truck service
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Managing the public underground parking facilities
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Managing the publicity at bus shelters
and buses
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Internal and external Consultancy (i.e.
assisting Madrid City Council at
European Projects)
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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EMT Main Figures
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Created in 1947. 100% owned by Madrid City Council
1.904 buses
88 tow trucks
16 underground parking facilities
5 Depots
203 bus routes (176 daytime/27 night service),
4,629 bus shelters
8,500 workers
404 million passengers / year
91 million km / year
Annual Turnover: 455 million €
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Do we have any challenge?
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Context
Road Transport is the main responsible for pollutants and GHG
emission in the City of Madrid
Evolution of the transport sector by type of emissions:
NOx
GHG
Particle matter
56 %
65 %
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
34 %
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National/Regional
Framework
European Framework
THEMATIC STRATEGY ON
URBAN ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL STRATEGY ON
SAVE AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
GREEN BOOK ON URBAN
MOBILITY
AIR QUAILITY ACT
DIRECTIVE 2008/50/CE ON
AIR QUALITY
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
ACT
URBAN MOBILITY ACTION
PLAN
NATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURES
PLAN
…
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Local Plans
SUMP
Madrid
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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EMT GREEN FLEET
EMT is among the european bus companies with a higher proportion of
vehicles using alternative fuels
Type
Biodiesel
Number of units
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Started using CNG buses in 1994
1,089
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One of the first companies in
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
765
Europe using CNG-hybrid buses
Fully electric
20
(2012)
Hybrids (CNG)
23
Hybrids (Diesel)
4
particulate filter catalyst for urea
Dual (Diesel-CNG)
3
injection to a total of 485 diesel
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Since 2011 it has been installing
units (6.1 million €)
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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EMT BACKGROUND on CLEAN FUELS
1994
• First CNG buses
2000
• First electric transmission buses
20002002
2002onward
s
• Hydrogen (Projects CUTE and CITYCELL)
• Hybrid buses
2007
• First EMT micro e-buses
2010
• Retrofitting Diesel buses
2012
• CNG-hybrid buses
20132015
• Big e-buses?
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Electric transmission buses
- Mercedes CITO
- 20 units years 2000/2001
- 8 and 9 m
- 12 / 16 seats
- 45 / 55 passengers
-Low floor and ramp
-Aluminium
-Smooth ride
- No batteries. Diesel engine as generator
- Emmissions: lower that eq. ICE microbus
- More efficient: better performance of
cinematic flow
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Hydrogen: CUTE and CITYCELL projects
Hydrogen bottles
Feed unit
air-hydrogen
Fuel cell
Air conditioned
Transmision
Electric engine
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
Auxiliary devices
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HYBRID buses
MAN
VOLVO
Castrosua
Solaris
EPT
TATA
Consumption reduction:
between 24 and 30 % (vs. Euro IV diesel bus)
EMT
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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First EMT micro e-buses (2007)
- Front transmission 100% electric
- Voltage: 85 V DC
- Power: 27.2 kW
- Braking energy recovery
- Zebra type batteries Na-Ni/Cl2
- Battery weight: 2 x 294 kg
- Storaged energy: 72 kWh
- Temperature range 240 - 330ºC
- Size: 5,3 x 2,0 x 2,9 m
- Max. weight: 3.800 kg
Commercial speed: 6 km/h
Silent and no local emissions
Average consumption:
0.84 kWh/km
20 units
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Retrofitting diesel buses (2010)
• Financed by IDAE (“Electrobus” strategic project)
• Turning Biodiesel and CNG into hybrids
• 4 buses (currently in service)
• Fuel saving: 18 %
Retrofit EMT
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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CNG-hybrid buses (2012)
Spanish made thanks to EMT demand (first units june 2012)
13 CASTROSUA TEMPUS buses
Serial Hybridization
Emission reduction strategy
10 TATA HISPANO buses
Serial Hybridization
Consumption reduction strategy
CASTROSUA
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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CASTROSÚA TEMPUS GNC: june 2012
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Two engines:
o 1 Thermal Iveco Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
100kW
o 1 Electric Traction Siemens 134 kW
Serial hybridization
Energy recovery in braking
Plug-in to the grid
Stop & Start System
Ability to circulate in pure electric mode.
Autonomy in pure electric traction (minutes/km): 60/150 km
Electric transmission only to the rear wheels
Electric power to the wheel: 67x2 kW
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3 batteries traction type "zebra" (Ni-Na / Cl2)
Voltage: 520 V AC
Max. Intensity: 145 A
Voltage: 620 V DC
Power: 19 kW / h
Intensity: 32 A / h
Intensity max. A discharge 90
Intensity max. with regenerative braking load 30 A
Internal Operating Temperature 245 ° C - 360 ° C
Max. Environmental temperature 50ºC
Total Capacity: 96 Ah (32 Ah x 3)
Consumption saving (€) up to 45% (vs. Diesel),
and about 25-30% vs. CNG
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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TATA HISPANO TML CS25 GNC
• Two engines:
o 1 “Cummins” Thermal Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG) to 145 kW
o 1 Electric Traction “Siemens” with 134
kW
• Serial hybridization
• Energy recovery in braking
• Stop & Start System
• Rear wheels only Electric
• Electric power to the wheel: 67x2 kW
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8 modules of lithium ions
Voltage: 520 V AC
Max. Intensity: 145 A
Voltage: 660 V DC
Intensity: 8.8 Ah
Internal Operating temperature:
16ºC - 40ºC
• Max. ambience temperature: 50ºC
• Total capacity: 58 kWh
Consumption saving (€) up to 30%
(vs. Diesel)
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Charging stations at Carabanchel depot
15 charging points at 25 A
1 charging point at 50 A
(own engineering design)
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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BIG e-BUSES TEST IN EMT
BYD
FOTON
IRIZAR
Consumption
Range
kWh / km
km
hours
BUS
1,97
85-170
7-14
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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REMARKS/OPEN QUESTIONS
• Cost-effectiveness is key for the sustainbility of
measures/investments
• LCC (Life Cycle Cost) is also key (beyond the purchasing cost)
• Importance of considering the whole “well-to-wheel” cycle,
when talking about fuels
• To calculate the operational costs we must consider the cost of
pollutant emissions
• Saving fuel/km is also important (using CNG vs diesel we get
30-35% savings = around 16 million €/year)
• Holistic approach (clean public transport fleet: YES… but also
clean private fleet)
• Absolut ratios vs. Relative ones: emissions, fuel consumption,
etc.
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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Thank you very much!
Sergio Fernández Balaguer
Communication, Client and
Consultancy
Empresa Municipal de Transportes
de Madrid S.A.
[email protected]
EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A.
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