docSmart Living Handbook (Full version) Xhosa
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Smart Living Handbook (Full version) Xhosa
INKUNKUMA yokuphila I-ENEJI INCWADANA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Ukwenza uphuhliso olusisigxina lube yimpumelelo kumakhaya aseKapa IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo Ukwenza uphuhliso olusisigxina lube yimpumelelo kumakhaya aseKapa INKUNKUMA Ipapashwe siSixeko saseKapa, 2009 UShicilelo lokuQala: Meyi 2009 Ulwazi oluthe vetshe lufumaneka kwiSebe loLawulo lweMithombo esiNgqongileyo 6th Floor 44 Wale Street Cape Town Tel/Umnxeba: (021) 487 2284 [email protected] www.capetown.gov.za/environment ©City of Cape Town, AMATHEMBA Management Consulting, Sustainable Energy Africa Incwadana yokuphila ngokulumkileyo: 978-0-9802784-1-5 Le ncwadana ishicilelwe kwiphepha eliLuhlaza elineMicu emiThathu lakwa-SAPPI, isitoko samaphepha angeyongozi kokusingqongileyo enziwe ngemicu yommoba engacocwanga ngeklorin ngenjongo yokuxhasa ukulinywa kwamahlathi ngokuzinzileyo eMzantsi Afrika. INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo Ukwenza uphuhliso olusisigxina lube yimpumelelo kumakhaya aseKapa Olu papasho luqulunqwe lwahlelwa ziiNgcali zoLawulo oluZinzileyo kokuSingqongileyo abe-Sustainable Energy Africa and AMATHEMBA Environmentala Management Consulting. Inkxaso-mali nezimvo zifunyenwe kule mibutho ilandelayo: INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo Umbulelo Le ncwadana, esekwe kwiNcwadi yesiKhokelo sokuPhathwa kokusiNgqongileyo kwiKhaya lokuLawulwa kokusiNgqongileyo i-AMATHEMBA iphuhliswe egameni lesiXeko saseKapa yi-AMATHEMBA kwakunye nequmrhu leEneji esisiGxina e-Afrika, ukanti imizobo noyilo lwenziwe ngabakwaDotted Line Design. Incwadi le ngumzekelo ophathekayo wolawulo lwentsebenziswano, exhaswe ngezimali sisiXeko saseKapa, iSebe lePhondo lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo nokuCetywa koPhuhliso kwakunye neSebe likaZwelonke lemiCimbi yezaManzi namaHlathi kwakunye nenkxaso evela kwinkqubo yeDANIDA yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo eziDolophini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwencwadi enjengale kufune uphando, izigxeko-zincomo kwakunye neengcebiso ezisuka kumajelo amaninzi ohlukileyo. Sivuma ngomkhulu umbulelo inxaxheba enikwe ngabo bonke abathe banegalelo kwiinkcukacha eziqulathwe yile ncwadi. IQumrhu loLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo i-AMATHEMBA: uBarry Wiesner, Tamara North, Stephen Davey ICandelo leziCwangciso lesiXeko saseKapa: ISebe lokuLawula imiThombo yokusiNgqongileyo IiNkonzo zoNcedo zesiXeko saseKapa: Amanzi, amaSebe eNkunkuma eQinileyo kwakunye neloMbane Isebe lezokusiNgqongileyo neNzululwazi ngezemo-mhlaba, iYunivesithi yaseKapa: Kevin Winter IQela leNtshukumo zoPhuhliso: Fikiswa Mahote Abenzi-zazobe noyilo bakwaDotted Line Design: Doret Ferreira, Merylle Cornelson IZiko loPhando nge-Eneji, iYunivesithi yaseKapa I-Enviro Sense: Susanne Dittke U-Eskom I-Fairest Cape Association Programme for Basic Energy and Conservation in Southern Africa Umbutho wokhuselo ngokusetyenziswa kwamafutha i-LP Gas Safety Association Umbutho wokusetyenziswa kweparafini ngokukhuselekileyo i-Paraffin Safety Association: Matt Nondwana Umbutho wokukhathalelwa kohlaza iSteadfast Greening: Grace Stead IQumrhu le-Eneji esisiGxina e-Afrika: Megan Anderson, Mark Borchers, Leila Mahomed, Audrey Dobbins i-The Greenhouse Project: Dorah Lebelo Ingabula-zigcawu ephuma kuSodolophu waseKapa Ubungozi nomngcipheko weenguqu ezikwimozulu kokusingqongileyo nakuqoqosho buqondwa Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa kakuhle lihlabathi lonke. Kananjalo siye siqonda ukuba imithombo yendalo namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi esikubonileyo kwisiXeko saseKapa kusenze sonke sakuqonda ukuba le mithombo asinto esifanele kukuyijonga singayithatheli ngqalelo. Ukucima kombane okwenzeke kaninzi luphawu lweengxaki zonqongophalo lwamafutha eefosili kwihlabathi jikelele. Kule minyaka izayo ngokukhula kweemfuno kunye nokunqongophala kwamafutha ezithuthi, kuza kubiza kakhulu ukwenza umbane ngamafutha eefosili. IKapa lidume kakhulu ngesikumkani seentyatyambo salo, kodwa nesi sikumkani sisengozini ngenxa yotshabalaliso olwenziwa luphuhliso oluqhubekayo kwakunye noxinzelelo kokusingqongileyo olwenziwa lungcoliseko lomoya kwakunye neenguqu kwimozulu. IsiXeko saseKapa sisebenza nzima ukuzama ukwenza iinkonzo ezinikezwa uluntu zibe zezona zisisigxina nezigcinakalayo kangangoko. Ukuze sikwazi ukufikelela nokuphumeza iinjongo esizibekele zona ngokunxulumene ne-eneji, amanzi, inkunkuma nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili, isiXeko saseKapa sifuna ukuncedwa ngabantu baso. Incwadana yokuphila NGOKULUMKILEYO iqulethe uthotho lwamanqanaba asebenzisekayo anokuthi amakhaya ngamakhaya aseKapa awathabathe ze awasebenzisele ukwenza amakhaya akhuseleke, kongeke nemali lo gama bencedisa ekuphunguleni ukuthwaxeka kokusinqongileyo nendalo yethu exabisekileyo. La manyathelo aphandwe ngokugqibeleleyo ziingcungcu kwaye abonakalise ukuba angawenza umahluko. Amanyathelo la kugqatyazwe ngawo kulula ukuwaphumeza kwaye angenziwa ngokulula ukuba abe yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Kananjalo incwadana yokuphila NGOKULUMKILEYO inika ingcaciso kwimibandela ephambili yamajelo okusingqongileyo esijongene nayo silihlabathi kwanalapha phakathi esiXekweni. Le ncwadana isekwe kwiNcwadana engokusiNgqongileyo emaKhaya yequmrhu i-AMATHEMBA engeNgcebiso zokuLawulwa kokusiNgqongileyo kwakunye neNcwadi yeze-Eneji enge-Eneji esisiGxina e-Afrika ebhalwe yaphuhliswa nguSarah Ward. AmaSebe esiXeko sethu aqinisekisile ukuba ingcaciso enikezwa yile ncwadana ichanekile yaye ayiphelelwanga lixesha, inika imboniselo eyiyo yokwenzeka esiXekweni. ISebe lePhondo leNtshona Kapa lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo nokuCetywa koPhuhliso kwakunye neSebe likaZwe-lonke lemiCimbi yezaManzi namaHlathi, anike le ncwadi inkxaso ngezimali, nto leyo ebonakalisa ulawulo lomfelandawonye xa kufuneka kuliwe neengxaki ezinobuzaza zokusingqongileyo esijongene nazo kule mihla. Ndiqinisekile ukuba bonke abo bathe bathabatha inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni kwale ncwadana engokusingqongileyo baya kuziqenya xa bebona indlela evuthwe ngayo. Imiselwe ukuba ibe yintlahla-ndlela yazo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika ze ibe ngumzekelo osebenzisekayo kwihlabathi wokuphuhliseka ngokusisigxina kwesixeko. Thina, sisisiXeko saseKapa, sikhuthaza bonke abasebenzisi bayo ukuba bayonwabele ze bayisebenzise le ncwadi intle kangaka nephuphuma lulwazi Helen Zille USodolophu wesiXeko saseKapa INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo i Ku-intanethi yiya kuwww.capetown.gov.za/environment ufumane izinto ezintsha malunga nokusingqongileyo, neenguqulelo ezikwezinye iilwimi, neminye imithombo nezinto ezipapashiweyo ngokusingqongileyo ii INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Contents INTSHAYELELO......................................................................................................................................v INKUNKUMA....................................................................................................................................... 1 Inkunkuma kwisixeko sethu................................................................................................................7 Inkunkuma ekwikhaya lakho...........................................................................................................13 Amanyathelo abonakalayo............................................................................................................16 Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nezibonelelo ezikhoyo..........................................................31 I-ENEJI............................................................................................................................................... 33 I-eneji kwisixeko sethu.......................................................................................................................38 Amandla kwikhaya lakho................................................................................................................47 Amanyathelo anokuphunyezwa....................................................................................................55 Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nezibonelelo ezikhoyo..........................................................73 AMANZI............................................................................................................................................. 76 Amanzi kwisixeko sethu....................................................................................................................81 Amanzi kwikhaya lakho....................................................................................................................87 Amanyathelo anokuthathwa..........................................................................................................90 Iindlela zonxibelelwano nemithombo yolwazi............................................................................101 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA............................................................................................................. 102 Izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwisixeko sethu.................................................................107 Izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nekhaya lakho okanye ingingqi ohlala kuyo............... 115 Amanyathelo asebenzayo............................................................................................................117 Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nezibonelelo ezikhoyo........................................................125 INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo iii iv INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INTSHAYELELO IKapa - Cape Town - Kaapstad – sisixeko esinguNozala (Mother City) wazo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. IKapa sesona sixeko sidala kweli lizwe, intloko-dolophu yowiso-mthetho yoMzantsi Afrika neziko elibalulekileyo lorhwebo nokhenketho. Emva kweeyurana nje ekhululwe eluvalelweni, uNelson Mandela wenza intetho yakhe yokuqala esidlangalaleni kwivaranda ephezulu yeHolo lesiXeko saseKapa – ememezela isiqalo sexesha elitsha “Oyena mceli-mngeni mkhulu ezimbalini zeli lizwe laseMzantsi Afrika. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi iKapa esijongene naye kule nkulungwane laziwa kakhulu ngobuhle balo ngokwendalo – iNtab’ eTafile, unxwema leCape of Good Hope kwakunye neCape Flats, nalapho ubomi intsha kukuthatha ingcingane obubodwa bezityalo bukhoyo. IFeynbhosi, okanye ‘amatyholwana ekhangeleka ifihlakele – uphuhliso ashinyeneyo’ yimithana nezihluma ezibutyholwana ezingalahli olusisigxina nolugcinakalayo – siyenze magqabi ebusika nezisoloko ziluhlaza, eyaziwa jikelele ngophawu lwayo olulodwa lobukho kweprotiya phakathi kwayo. IFeynbhos ibe yinto eyimpumelelo yemihla ayikho enye indawo efumaneka kuyo ngaphandle kommandla ngemihla kubo bonke abantu ogudle unxweme lweKapa, iintaba ezikufuphi nonxweme kwakunye neenkcochoyi zeentaba ezithile ezithe gqa-gqa phakathi ezweni. beli limiweyo.” USinga-siqithi weKapa likhaya kuma-3-000 eentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo. I-190 lezi zityalo azifumaneki nakwenye indawo apha ehlabathini Kofi Annan, USosiba-jikelele ngaphandle kwalapha. woMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo, IKapa laziwa kakhulu ngobuhle neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili Matshi 2001. ezifumaneka kulo. Nakubeni kunjalo, lijongene nemiceli-mngeni yamajelo yokusingqongileyo enzima kakhulu. Uphuhliso lommandla kwakunye nongcoliseko lutshabalalisa amakhaya endalo, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni wentshabalalo izityalo ezininzi ezizodwa, amasele anqabileyo nezinambuzane ezihlala kula makhaya. Ukufudumala okukhulayo kwihlabathi okubangelwa kokukhutshwa ziinqwelo-mafutha nemvelisombane kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kubo bonke ubomi kwisiXeko sethu. Amajelo amanzi aye enqongophala ngokukhawuleza kwaye neetiphu ziyagcwala. Kananjalo iKapa linophawu olucacileyo lomahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu. Abanye abemi beKapa basebenzisa amanzi, umbane, amafutha nepetroli eninzi kwaye bavelisa inkunkuma eninzi ngokunokude kodlule ummi waseMelika okumndilili, lo gama abanye basahlala kwimizi emininzi enempompo enye yamanzi, besebenzisa amafutha ayingozi anjengeparafini ukupheka. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo v Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa Singenza ntoni ngoku? Singanako ukuguqula izinto senze umahluko? I-Eneji, amanzi, inkunkuma kwakunye neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili kokusingqongileyo kwethu Ngalo lonke ixesha ulayita isibane sikagesi, uqhuba inqwelo-mafutha yakho, uvulela amanzi etephini okanye ulahla inkunkuma yakho, wenza isigqibo esichapazela okusingqongileyo. Amajelo endalo – amanzi, amalahle, i-oyile, umhlaba, impepho – aya kutsha okanye aphele ukuba siwasebenzisa ngesantya esingaphezulu kwexesha alifunayo ukuze azizalise kwakhona. Kukho imiqondiso emininzi eyalatha ukuba oku sele kuqalile ukwenzeka. Ifuthe lokuthwaxeka kwendalo ngamakhaya likhulu kakhulu. Ukuze siqinisekise ukuba sinamajelo oneleyo aza kusithwala – aza kwanela wonke umntu kwimihla esiphila kuyo kwanemihla ezayo – kufuneka siwaphathe kakuhle amajelo ethu, sisebenzise oko sinako ngobuchule nangokufanelekileyo. Uninzi lwethu luyazi ukuba kufanelekile ukuba sikwenze oku, kodwa kumathuba amaninzi asiqinisekanga ngeyona-yona nto ekufanele siyenze nendlela ekufanele siyenze ngayo. Le ncwadana ijolise ekukunikeni iinkcukacha malunga namanzi, inkunkuma, i-eneji neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili kwakunye nezinto eziphathekayo ubani anokuzenza ukuze kubekho inguqu – ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ukulondoloza imali nokwenza amakhaya ethu abe ziindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuhlala. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba singawenza umehluko. Ngekilowathi-ngeyure (kWh) nganye othintele ukuyisebenzisa, wonge ngaphezulu kwekilogram yeKharbon dayokhsayidi (CO2) engeyivulelekile yaya kwi-atmosfera. IKharbon dayokhsayidi (CO2) inkqenkqeza phambili kwizinto ezinegalelo ekufudumaleni kwehlabathi; nkqubo leyo zithi iinzululwazi ikhokelele ekunyukeni komndilili weqondo lobushushu kwihlabathi ngaphezudlwana nje kwesiqingatha seqondo ngeSelsiyas kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo kwaye lingaqhubeka nokwenyuka eli qondo lobushushu de libe phakathi kwe-1.4 – 5.8 °C ekuzeni kusithela kwale nkulungwane. Ukufakela isibane esibengezelayo esibumbeneyo esine-11 leewathi (CFL) endaweni yesibane esiqhakazelayo esinama-60 eewathi kungonga ama-570kWh kubomi beso sibumbeneyo sibengezelayo – nto leyo inokonga ngaphezulu kweekilogram ezingama-570 zekharbon dayokhsayidi. vi INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Ukusindisa umhlaba nenzuzo yokwenza oko Eyona nto imnandi ngokulondoloza amanzi nombane nokucutha inkunkuma kukuba oku kuya kongela wena nesiXeko saseKapa imali eninzi edingekayo! Amanyathelo acetyiswayo kule ncwadi ayafikeleleka kakhulu ngokwamaxabiso kwaye kulula nokuwenza. Xa ithe into ethile yanexatyiswana eliphezulu, mhlawumbi ukufumana isifudumezi-manzi sesola, ingcaciso uyayinikwa engesithuba sexesha elinokuthathwa siso ukubuyekeza iindleko zokufakelwa kwaso xa ithelekiswa nombane onokuwusebenzisa kwangelo xesha linye. Enye into ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge kukuba xa uthenga isixhobo sombane, awuhlawuli nje eli xabiso ulibonayo koko uyazibophelela ekuqhubekeni uhlawula iindleko zokusisebenzisa esi sixhobo ngalo lonke ixesha sisetyenziswa nguwe. Ezi ndleko zamanzi ne-eneji zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa uthenga isixhobo, khumbula ukuba ufumene lithuba elingcono lokutshintshela kwisixhobo esiyakuthi sisebenzise i-eneji namanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba ezi zixhobo zingaxabisi kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo ezingasebenziseki kakuhle, kwaye ziya kukongela imali ekuhambeni kweminyaka nanjengokuba ii-akhawunti zakho zamanzi ne-eneji ziya kuhla. Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadana Ingaba unqwenela ukuthenga isixhobo esitsha? Ukuguqula uhlaziye indlu yakho? Ingaba ufuna ukuphatha kakuhle uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwanyanga-zonke lwakho? Sonke singathanda ukuthatha izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngokuphathelene nolawulo lwamakhaya ethu – ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono ngempilo yethu, ukhuseleko nezipaji zethu, kodwa singakushiyi ngasemva okusingqongileyo. Le ncwadana inengcaciso esebenziseka kakuhle kakhulu nezilumkiso ezisebenzisekayo ezinokukunceda uthathe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ukucutha ukusebenzisa kwakho amanzi ne-eneji nokucutha inkunkuma owukhuphayo. Kananjalo ikwanika ingcaciso ngendlela esinokugcina ngayo indalo yomelele kwaye izintlobo-ntlobo ezininzi kangangoko kwihlabathi lethu. Ezi zinto zinokwenziwa zingakongela imali kwaye zinokuphucula umgangatho wempilo nokhuseleko kwikhaya lakho. Kananjalo ziyakucutha ifuthe lethu elibi kokusingqongileyo. Le ncwadana iqulethe ingcaciso eninzi kwaye sicebisa ukuba uzinike ithuba lokuyifunda – kunganzima kakhulu ukuzama ukwenza izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Mhlawumbi kungangcono ukuba uzisikele ixesha lokwenza imisebenzi emitsha ngokweeveki. Incwadana le yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane: Inkunkuma, I-Eneji, Amanzi neeNtlobo-ntlobo zeziphili. Icandelo ngalinye linamacandelwana amane: • • • • izinto ezicela umngeni eziphathelelene nejelo elo; izinto ezenziwa sisiXeko saseKapa ukulawula ijelo elo; amanzi, i-eneji, inkunkuma neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili ekhayeni lakho; kwakunye namanyathelo asebenzisekayo – yintoni emayenziwe nendlela yokwenza oko – aya kukunceda akongele imali, aphucule umgangatho wokhuseleko ekhayeni lakho, kuliwe nobuhlwempu, kuliwe noku guquka kwemozulu, kuphuculwe ubulunga bomoya ze kukhuselwe indalo yethu nokusingqongileyo. Imisetyenzana nemifanekiso inikelwe ukuzamazamana nemiba ethile kwanokukhangela lula ulwazi. Imiba yempilo nokhuseleko nayo ishukuxiwe kwicandelo ngalinye kula mathathu. Uququzelelo nomsebenzi wasekuhlaleni ngundoqo wolawulo olulungileyo, amanyathelo aqalisiweyo ambalwa anomdla eKapa abandakanyiwe kwiingxelo zophando ezimfutshane. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo vii Amakhaya aziintlobo ezahlukileyo ajongene nemiba eyahlukileyo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, amakhaya anengeniso-mali eninzi anokufumanisa ukuba asebenzisa umbane omninzi ze afune iindlela anokuziphicotha zokucutha ukusebenzisa kwawo umbane. Ukanti ikhaya elingeniso ingephi lona linokufumanisa ukuba eyona ngxaki yalo inkulu yimpilo nokhuseleko ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kokusetyenziswa kweparafini. Sithemba ukuba le ncwdana iya kusebenziseka kwaye ihambelane neemeko zamakhaya ethu onke eKapa, apho lithe icandelo elithile lakhangeleka lingahambelani nemeko yakho, lishiye udlulele kwicandelo elilandelayo – okanye ukhangele ukuba awungeqwalaseli imeko abajongene nazo abamelwane bakho kusini na. Iimveliso ezisetyenziswayo ukuze kongeke amanzi ne-eneji ziyafumaneka eKapa kwiivenkile ezithengisa ngezinto zokwakha nakubathengisi bemibhobho nezinto zokutywina nokuhambisa amanzi okanye nakwiivenkile zezinto zombane. Iimveliso ‘zohlaza’ ezininzi ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezinkulu zengingqi ezithengisa ngezinto ngezinto. Iindawo zethu ezithengisa ngezityalo zime ngembambo zizityalo eziziinkulelane kwaye ziyakuba nako ukukunika isikhokelo nengcebiso yokuba zeziphi na izityalo ezinokulungela ummandla wakho. Eminye yemithombo yolwazi nezalathiso ichaziwe kule ncwadana, kodwa ke isalathiso esipheleleyo malunga nemithombo yolwazi ngokusingqongileyo esiXekweni ingafumaneka kwisaLathiso samaJelo angokusiNgqongileyo esiXeko, kwiSebe lesiXeko loLawulo lwamaJelo angokusiNgqongileyo, kumgangatho wesi-6, e-44 Wale Street, eKapa, inombolo yomnxeba ngu-(021) 487 2284, okanye i-imeyili: [email protected] okanye ku-www.capetown.gov.za/environment. Nceda qaphela ukuba amaxabiso neentlawulo-zinkonzo ezicatshulweyo kwitekisi ngawelixa loshicilelo kuphela, aya kutshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha. viii INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA Ifoto: Mark Lewis Umhlaba sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo senkqunto – akukho nto iphela emehlweni. Endalweni, ivili lobomi lihamba ngokwesixokelelwano esibusazinge kwaye inkunkuma eqinileyo nengaqinanga sesinye isiphili kwenye indalo ibe kukutya kwesinye. Amagqabi emithi awileyo ayabola ze izondlo ziphindele emhlabeni, ukuze zibe kukutya kwemithi kwakhona. Umceli-mngeni onomdla esijongene nawo isiXeko sethu kukuba siqalise ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni apho kungekho nkcitho nankunkuma, apho yonke into elahlwayo esiphelweni sobunye ubomi iba sisondlo sobunye ngobugcisa obuthile okanye ngokwenkqubo yendalo. INKUNKUMA Ukuchaza inkunkuma eqinileyo Inkunkuma esisiqina ihlelwa ngokwezintlu ezimbini: inkunkuma-jikelele nenkunkuma eyingozi. Inkunkuma Inkunkuma ayibeki abantu okanye okusingqongileyo emngciphekweni wentshabalalo yangoko nangoko kwaye iquka inkunkuma yasekhaya, udothi wabakhi, amazala nenkunkuma yegadi, ukungcola okomileyo okukhutshwa yimizi-mveliso nemizi yorhwebo. Naxa kunjalo nje, inkunkuma ingathi ngenxa yokubola okanye idibane namanzi, ikhuphe ilitshethi – leachate (ulwelo oluhluzeka luvuze enkunkumeni) ekwaziyo ukungcolisa kwaye eneempawu zokuba nengozi. Inkunkuma eyingozi Inkunkuma eyingozi inokwenza okanye ingangunobangela wengozi ngoko nangoko empilweni yoluntu okanye kokusingqongileyo, mhlawumbi ngokunokwayo nje iyodwa okanye xa ithe yahlangana nolunye udidi lwenkunkuma. Nantoni na enokuba nomsebenzi ekumgqomo wakho wenkunkuma (into enokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngomnye umntu, irisayikilishwe okanye ilungiswe) akufanelekanga ukuba ibe lapho! 2 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA Inkunkuma, ungcoliseko nokusingqongileyo Isingcolisi yiyo nayiphi na into engenakufunxwa, isetyenziswe okanye ilawulwe kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, amachiza ayityhefu agalelwa kwizixokelelwano zamanzi endalo naya konakalisa zonke izinto ezinobom kuwo. Ungcoliseko lungazitshabalalisa izinto eziphilayo. Ekugqibeleni inkunkuma ibuyela endalweni kokusingqongileyo – nokuba loo nto ithetha ukuba ibhotile yeplastiki ingathatha iminyaka eliwaka ukwenza oko. Ukuba inkunkuma ayiphathekanga kakuhle, ithi ibangele ungcoliseko. Njengokuba inkqunto iqalisa ukubola, ulwelo olaziwa ngokuba yilitshathi iyaveliswa. Ukuba akuthathwanga manyathelo okuyicoca, ilitshathi ithi ityhefe umhlaba kwanamanzi aphuma ngaphantsi komhlaba. Yonke imihla kucocwa amawaka-waka eelitha zolwelo oluyilitshethi eveliswe yinkunkuma etiphini eVisserhok, eKapa. Ezinye zegesi eziphambili zendlu yohlaza, imitheyini (methane), iveliswa xa inkunkuma etiphini ithe yabola ngenxa yokungabikho komongomoya. IMethane inobungozi ngokuphinda-phindwe kangangama-21-24 kune-CO2 nanjengoko igcina ubushushu obuninzi (obuthi bufudumeze umhlaba wethu, nto leyo inegalelo ekufudumezekeni kwehlabathi) ze ihlale amakhulu-khulu eminyaka kwi-atmosfera yethu. Ukuthethelela ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma eveliswayo Inkunkuma ixabisa imali eninzi. Umhlaba sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo. Zonke izondlo namajelo akhutshwayo kwisixokelelwano (ze angcwatywe etiphini, okanye atshiswe) ngamajelo esiphulukana nawo. Kananjalo inkunkuma yonakalisa indalo esingqongileyo njengongcoliseko. Inkunkuma esiXekweni ilawulwa, ngezi ndlela – iyaqokelelwa, ilahlwe ze /okanye iphinde isetyenziswe kwisibonelelo sethu esiseAthlone sokuHanjiswa kweNKunkuma. Inkunkuma esiyikhuphayo kwimigqomo yenkunkuma kumakhaya ethu veki neveki, ngenene nangenyaniso, lithontsana nje. Kukho inkunkuma eninzi eshiyekayo xa kusenziwa yonke imveliso oyisebenzisa umhla Uqoqosho oluyinkcitho: inkunkuma iyenzeka kuwo onke amanqanaba okukhutshwa, okuvelisa nokusetyenziswa kwezinto. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 3 INKUNKUMA nezolo njengamaphepha, iimpahla, okanye ukutya. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-90% onke ezinto ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso ethile aba yinkunkuma ngoko nangoko. Ukucutheka kwenkunkuma kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko emandla ukucinga malunga nezinto nobungakanani bezinto ekufuneka sizisebenzisile. Ukuveliswa kwephepha nje kuthatha iitoni ezili-100 zamanzi. Ilitha nganye yotywala oyiselayo ithatha iilitha ezili-10 zamanzi asetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokudidiyela nokubilisa. Ukuveliswa kweselula nje enye kufuna ama-75kg amajelo asetyenziswayo. Ibrashi yamazinyo ifuna i-1,5kg yamajelo – amalahle, i-oyile namanzi – xa isenziwa. Ukwenza inkunkuma encinane kuqinisekisa ukuba yinkunkuma encinane efika etiphini ze kuthi kube nokongenga isithuba esinexabiso elikhulu. Le nto yenza ilibaziseke imfuneko yokulungisa iitiphu ezintsha, kulungiswa oko kuthi kutshabalalise amakhaya endalo ezilwanyana nezinye iziphili. Ukurhweba okuyinkcitho: inkunkuma idaleka kuwo onke amanqanaba okukhupha nokomba imveliso zokwenza kwasekuqaleni, ekuveliseni nasekwenziweni kwemveliso kwanokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ngabathengi. Suku ngalunye eKapa kuveliswa iitoni ezingama-6 000 zenkunkuma – malunga ne-1,7kg ne-2kg yenkunkuma ummi ngamnye ngosuku. Kuqikelelwa ukuba amakhaya anengeniso-mali eninzi anobutyala bokukhupha eyona nkunkuma ininzi – malunga ne-1,5kg yenkunkuma umntu ngamnye ngosuku, amakhaya anengeniso encinane wona adala nje malunga ne-0,3kg yenkunkuma umntu ngamnye ngosuku. Entshona Kapa ngonyaka kulahlwa inkunkuma enokwanela iilori ezifoliswe umgama olingana nokusuka eKapa uye kuma eRhawutini – lowo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-1 200! (Umthombo: Fairest Cape Association, 4th edition). Yintoni itiphu? Isiza setiphu yindawo yokuthumela inkunkuma yokugqibela ekhethwe, yakhiwa, yacetywa, yaphononongwa ngobunjineli, ze ilawulwe ngobunzululwazi nangobugcisa. Kufanele ukuba ingabi kude kuyaphi kwindawo ekudalwa kuyo inkunkuma ukuze iindleko zothutho zicutheke. ‘Izisele zenkunkuma’ ezitsha zala maxesha zidla ngokufulelwa ngeplastiki engenakuvuza ngaphantsi, ukanti uninzi lweetiphu zakudala zisaxhomekeke kwizithinteli zendalo zomhlaba oludongwe ukuthintela ityhefu yelitshathi ukuba ihlangane nezixokelelwano zamajelo endalo amanzi kwanamanzi aphansti komhlaba. Mihla le inkunkuma ithuthelwa kwisiza setiphu esebenzayo apho yanekwa khona, ubunjwe ze igqunywe ngomhlaba, isanti kunye nenkunkuma yabakhi ecocekileyo khona ukuze uthintelwe ekuphaphathekisweni ngumoya ze usasaze izifo nezitshabalalisi zezinambuzane nezilwanyana. Xa ithe inkunkuma yapakishwa kakuhle naqinileyo yaza yangcwatywa ukuze kuthinteleke ukubola okudalwa ziibhakteriya ezixhomekeke kumongo-moya, ihlala apho naphakade. Kwitiphu yaseNew York eyombiwe kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kufunyenwe amaphephandaba eminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo nasafundeka kakuhle kakhulu! Kuya kuba nzima ngamandla ukufumana iitiphu ezilungileyo ngokwejoloji eKapa. Inkunkuma yethu kuza kufuneka ihanjiswe umgama omde, nto leyo eya kuba ziindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kumakhaya ethu ngokuphathelele kwimirhumo yokuhlawulela iinkonzo. 4 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA Kutheni singayitshisi nje inkunkuma yethu? • • • • Ukutshisa inkunkuma kuthetha kuphela nje ukutshintshela ingxaki yongcoliseko yaphantsi yenziwe ibe yingxaki yomoya. Ukutshisa inkunkuma kutyhafisa iinzame zokuthintela inkunkuma. Izitovu zokutshisa inkunkuma zifuna umthamo obonakalayo kwaye oza rhoqo ukuze kungabi ziindleko ezinkulu kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Kananjalo zikwafuna umxube wenkunkuma oza kutsha kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze kucutheke ukukhutshwa komsi oyityhefu. Iipakethe ezinjengamaphepha neplastiki, ekulula ukuzirisayikilisha kufuneka ukuba zigcinwe nomxube wenkunkuma ukuze sitshiswe. Imisi eyityhefu nomthuthu oyingozi kakhulu uphuma ekutshisweni kwenkunkuma equlethe imetyhuri, ilothe, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwesinyithi namachiza ayityhefu. Amaziko anezitovu zokutshiswa kwenkunkuma avelisa eyona misi ikhutshwayo iyityhefu yaziwayo, equka iidioksini neefyurani. Ngamanye amaxesha ‘amakhokho’ athi afumaneke ze kunyanzeleke abuyiselwe etiphini kwakhona njengenkunkuma ekhethekileyo ze anyityiliselwe ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi kuba ayityhefu kakhulu. Kuziindleko ezinkulu kakhulu eMzansti Afrika ukutshisa inkunkuma ngezitovu zoko xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlela nokuvalela inkunkuma etiphini nanjengokuba inkunkuma kufuneka itshiswe kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu lobushushu (900ºC) ukuze itshiseke kakuhle kucutheke nokungcola. Amakhulu-khulu amawaka eeranti athi adingeke ukuze kwakhiwe ze kugcinwe iziko elinezitovu zokutshisa inkunkuma elisebenza kakuhle. Ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma ngendlela eyiyo kunganqanda ukuba oku kuchazwe ngentla kungenzeki. Inkunkuma asiyonkunkuma de ibe ilahliwe Isixa esikhulu samajelo sisetyenziselwa ukudala imveliso esizisebenzisayo. Isininzi sala majelo asiboli endalweni. Amajelo angenakuhlaziyeka asetyenziselwa ukwenza i-aluminiyamu, iplastiki neeglasi ezifumaneka kwiimveliso zethu – ezisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ezi mveliso. Ukufumana izembiwa zala majelo kufuna i-eneji nemali kwaye kuyingozi kwiindawo ezingamakhaya endalo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zoncedo nenzuzo efumaneka ekuphindeni kusetyenziswe kwakhona okanye kurisayikilishwe uninzi lweemveliso ezithathwa ‘njengenkunkuma’ kumakhaya ethu: • • • Isidingo sempahla yokwenza izinto ezintsha siyacutheka, nto leyo icutha ukukhangelwa nokwembiwa kwamajelo angahlaziyekiyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-eneji namanzi kuya kuncipha nanjengoko kuya kufuneka ukuba kurisayikilishwe izinto ezincinane xa kuthelekiswa nokwenziwa kweemveliso ezintsha ezikhutshwa (ezombiwa) emajelweni. Xa impahla eninzi ifumaneka kwinkunkuma yethu irisayikilishiweyo, incinane kakhulu inkunkuma enokulahlwa kwiziza zeetiphu zethu. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 5 INKUNKUMA Zinto zini ezingamajelo angahlaziyekiyo? Ijelo elingahlaziyekiyo yimpahla esuka kwindalo yokwenza izinto, umzekelo i-oyile namalahle anqabe kakhulu kwintlalo yethu (asetyenziselwa ukwenza zonke iimveliso zethu zeplastiki neepakethe ezithile). Ezi zinto ziya kunqongophala ngokukhawuleza ukuba siqhubeka nokuzomba okanye ukuzikhupha ngesantya esiphezulu esodlula isithuba sexesha elifunekayo lokuba zizenze okanye zizizalise kwakhona endalweni. Ngokuphathelele ne-oyile namalahle, kufuneka iimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo okanye kuqingqithe izigidi zeminyaka ukuze zibe nokudaleka. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukurisayilikishwa kwaloo majelo ekugqibeleni kuwavumela ukuba athathe ixesha elide ukuphelelwa. Ukurisayikilisha Inkunkuma engenakuphinde isetyenziswe iye igqunyelelwe emhlabeni. Impahla elahlwayo enokurisayikilisheka kwakhona efunyenwe kumgqomo wakho yaza yasinda ekulahlweni etiphini ingathathwa ngabantu abahlukileyo (wena siqu, abaqokeleli mpahla namashishini abasakhasayo) bayise kwiziko ekuqokelelelwa kulo. Ezi ndawo kuqokelelelwa kuzo impahla zilawulwa ngoonokontraka bengingqi kunye neSixeko. Kweminye iminandla kubakho amaziko ayithengayo impahla kubaqokeleli ze abahlawule isixamali esithile ngaloo mpahla bayizisileyo. Le mali ke kodwa ayininzi kuyaphi ngaphandle kokuba impahla leyo ngumthamo obonakalayo kwaye konke oku kuqokelelwa kwempahla elahlwayo kwenziwa ikakhulu ngabantu abahluphekayo kusenziwa ngaphandle kolawulo olungqingqwa ngasese. Iimpahla ezihlelwe (zabotshwa) kakuhle ziba nexabiso eliphezulu. Amaxabiso ayehluka ngokulawulwa ziimfuno zentengiso yemarike kwakunye nohlobo lweempahla. Ngokubanzi ezona mpahla zexabiso zirisayikilishekayo ziintsimbi, ubhedu, i-aluminiyamu, ixina, imetyhuri nezinki ezisuka kwizixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zikagesi zokulayita, izinxibo zezinyithi nezinto ezimenyezelayo nobukhazi-khazi, imibhobho nezinto zokutywinwa nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, iintambo zegesi nempahla yokwakha. 6 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA INKUNKUMA KWISIXEKO SETHU Ifoto: Mark Lewis Oomasipala banoxanduva ngokomthetho lokususa ze bachole inkunkuma kwiingingqi zabo. Ngoku wonke umasipala kufuneka ngokoMthetho weziXokelelwano zikaMasipala ukuba alungise ze enze isiCwangciso esiBumbeneyo soPhuhliso (IDP) nesiyakuthi sibandakanye ukuphuhliswa kwesiCwangciso soLawulo oluBumbeneyo lweNkunkuma (IWMP). Ngoko ke isiXeko saseKapa sinoxanduva lokulawulwa nokucwangciswa kwemiba ephathelene nenkunkuma ngokubanzi, kwaye siphuhlise umthetho kamasipala osalide ukuphunyezwa yipalamente equka imbonelelo ngezimali yokuxhasa ukucuthwa nokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma. Okwangoku isixa senkunkuma esiyidalayo eKapa yi-6% minyaka le – xa oku kuthelekiswa nokwanda kwabantu kona okonyuka nge-2% nje kuphela. Iindawo eziziitiphu eKapa ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ngonyaka ka-2003 kuvalwe itiphu yaseSwartklip yaza yona eyaseBrackenfell itiphu yavalwa ngo-2005 yaza eyaseFaure yavala ngo-2006. Izigidi ezi-2.1 zeetoni zenkunkuma edaleka ngonyaka eKapa zilahlwa kula ashiyekileyo amanxiwa eetiphu mathathu angala: eCoastal Park, eVissershok, eBellville South. Itiphu yaseCoastal Park iya kukwazi ukwamkela inkunkuma eminye iminyaka ephaya kwi-16, lo gama yona itiphu yaseVissershok kulindeleke ukuba iqhube eminye iminyaka esibhozo. Lifumanekile igunya lokumisela iitiphu zeengingqi, kodwa oku kusalinde inkqubo yezibheno. Injongo yokuvuselela itiphu kukulawula ungcoliseko-moya nokusasazeka kwenkunkuma okungcolisa okusingqongileyo. Ukuvuselelwa kwetiphu evaliweyo kudla isiXeko izigidi ngokobungakanani nendawo ekuyo loo tiphu. Itiphu evaliweyo iqala kuqala igqunyelelwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze kwalekwe ingca ngaphezulu okanye/kunye nezinye izihluma. Inkunkuma etiphini iwuthiswa ngazo zombini izibolisi zeebhaktheriya i-anaerobic INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 7 INKUNKUMA (kukhutshwe igesi yamalahle) kwakunye ne-aerobic, kodwa le yinkqubo icotha kakhulu kwaye isantya sokuthotywa kwenkunkuma eyenziwe ngumntu, njengeplastiki okanye iinkonkxa nditsho namaphepha, kungathatha amakhulukhulu eminyaka. Ekugqibeleni, ummandla lowo ungenziwa ibala elivulekileyo ukuze usetyenziswe luluntu oluwungqongileyo, okanye njengamabala ezemidlalo, kodwa awusayi kuze usetyenziselwe ukwakha izindlu ngenxa yengozi yokuphihlika kwaloo mhlaba kwakunye nokulindeleka kokuphuma kwezinto ezinobutyhefu zingene kumhlaba okufutshane naloo ndawo ibinepaki, amanzi kwakunye nomoya. E-Athlone kwakhiwe ipaki kwinxiwa elidala letiphu. Inkonzo yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma emakhaya Iinkonzo zokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma ziqokelela inkunkuma emakhaya `ekwimigqomo enamavili’ ebukhulu buziilitha ezingama-240 enikezwa umzi nomzi osemfanelekweni, kanye ngeveki. Kwimimandla enamatyotyombe kusetyenziswa iMigqomo eMikhulu ebekwa kufuphi naloo mizi, nokuCocwa kwalo Mimandla. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhutshwa kweeplastiki ezimnyama zinikwe ityotyombe ngalinye ze ziqokelelwe qho ngeveki, kunye nokucoca loo mimandla, inkunkuma leyo ilahlwe kwindawo efanele oko. Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma emakhaya Inkunkuma yasemakhaya eqokelelwa eKapa iyathathwa isiwe esiKhululweni sokuKhuphela iNkunkuma e-Athlone (ARTS, ifakwe kwibhanti lokuyihambisa nokuyahlula-hlula, kususwe zonke izinto ezinokurisayikilishwa ze ibunjwe ilayishwe ematrokweni kaloliwe isiwe kwitiphu yaseVissershok. Imirhumo ehlawulelwa inkunkuma emakhaya Imirhumo ehlawulelwa inkunkuma isekelwe kumaxabiso nemigaqonkqubo. Yahluka ngokwamaxabiso nobukhulu bemigqomo yemizi ngemizi. Imihlaba nemizi enexabiso Imihlaba nemizi exabisa ngaphantsi kwama-R100 000 ithi ifumane isaphulelo esiyi-100% kwimirhumo kumgqomo wokuqala kangangokuba izindlu ezinomgqomo omnye ziphetha ziyifumana mahala le nkonzo. Imihlaba nemizi exabisa ngaphezulu kwama-R100 000 ihlawula phakathi kwe-R14,00 neR54,00 ngenyanga ngokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma kanye ngeveki ngokwexabiso lepropati leyo. Okwangoku akukabikho zibonelelo nazaphulelo zamali ezikhuthaza ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma kwindlela olwakheke ngayo uluhlu lwamaxabiso erhafu lwethu. Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yasekhaya Ukuba ufuna inkcukacha ethe chatha malunga neendleko nemirhumo yokuhlawulela ukuqokelelwa kenkunkuma eqinileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerhafu zokuhlawulela amazala enkunkuma yasegadini, udoti wabakhi ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo, tyelela iwebhu yeKapa ku-www.capetown.gov.za. Cofa kwinkomba ethi Your City. Inkomba ethi The Tariffs Online inikeza uxwebhu oluneenkcukacha ezibanzi ngemirhumo yeendawo zokuhlala kwakunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene noko phantsi koLawulo lweNkunkuma esisiQina. 8 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA ISIXEKO SASEKAPA : INKUNKUMA EQINILEYO – INDAWO ZOKULAHLA INKUNKUMA IITIPHU /IZITISHI ZOKUYIDLULISELA IITIPHU EZIKHOYO INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 9 INKUNKUMA IZOWUNI ZOKULAHLA INKUNKUMA INkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma yesiXeko Ngo-2002, iSixeko saqala inkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma. Eli phulo lihlanganisa onke amalinge okucutha inkunkuma, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungekho mthethweni nokungcolisa eSixekweni. Injongo ephambili yenkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma kukwazisa nokufundisa bonke abahlali baseKapa ngeziphumo zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma nokuba bona yinto abanokuyenza ukuphucula imeko yokusingqongileyo yesixeko. Le nkqubo ihlanganisiwe yaye ineeprojekthana (uluntu ekujoliswe kulo) ezintlanu ezizezi: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ufundiso noLwaziso loLuntu gabalala Ufundiso eZikolweni kunye neeProjekthi zeZikolo zokuRisayiklisha Amacandelo eMveliso, uShishino, Amaziko namaCandelo oLawulo Ubuhlakani, iiProjekthi zeNkxasomali Ukuphuhliswa kwamathuba oshishino ekusetyenzisweni kwenkunkuma NgoMeyi 2006, iSixeko sibe sesinye sezixeko zokuqala ukwamkela nokumisela iSicwangciso soLawulo lweNkunkuma esiHlanganisiweyo. Esi sicwangciso sidlula ngapha kwemiba yoqokelelo lwenkunkuma nokulahlwa kwayo nanjengoko injongo yayo ikukuphumeza iinjongo eziphambili zomgqaonkqubo ezikukucutha imithamo yenkunkuma. Ukuxhasa oku, iNkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma iye isetyenziswe njengeqonga lokufundisa nokwazisa izintlu zoluntu olukhankanywe apha ngentla. Ngaphezu koku, kuphuhliswe isicwangciso esihlanganisiweyo sokumaketha nesonxibelelwano esigxile kulawulo lwenkunkuma, ukucuthwa kwenkuma nokucoca. Esi sicwangciso siso esiya kusetyenziswa kwiphulo lokufundisa nokwazisa uluntu oluchongiweyo yaye sihambelana namaphulo okwazisa uluntu amiselwe ukuphumeza le njongo. Kushishino, inkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma ixhase yaza yandisa amaqela okwenza ncinane inkunkuma. Kuphuhliswe imithetho-siseko kwakunye noxwebhu loluhlu lokuvelisa ngokucocekileyo olunika izikhokelo ngobulula benkunkuma ukuze kucuthwe inkunkuma kwakunye nemisebenzi yokungcolisa kwimizi-mveliso namashishini athile. Izifundo zezixokelelwano zokulawulwa kwenkunkuma kwakunye nokwehlulahlulwa kwenkunkuma zisebenze kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuba kucuthwe inkunkuma kwiindawo zentengiso ezinefuthe eliphezulu ekungcoliseni njengodederhu lweevenkile kwaye nepaki yoshishino ngeziphili endalweni iqalisiwe kummandla woshishino esiXekweni. Kananjalo kukwajoliswe ekucuthweni kodoti wokwakha ngokuthethana noshishino lokwakha. Ukwahlulahlulwa kwenkunkuma yasekhaya Ukuze isiXeko sibe nokufikelela ekucuthweni kobuninzi benkunkuma elahlwa etiphini ngama-25% ngonyaka ka-2012, eyona nto iphambili kukumiselwa isixokelelwano esisebenza ngokukuko sokwahlulwahlulwa nokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma. Sele iqalile iprojekthi yovavanyo engu”Think Twice” “Cinga Kabini” kwimimandla ethile yokuvavanya nokujonga iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukwahlula inkunkuma yezindlu. Okwangoku, kunikezwa ngeplastiki yenkunkuma enezingxobo zokufaka izinto ezinokurisayiklishwa kwezi ndawo kwenziwa kuzo uvavanyo. Ezi plastiki ziqokelelwa ngolwa suku kuqokelelwa ngalo inkunkuma. Kutsha nje isiXeko similisele amanxiwa okurisayikilisha nokothulwa kwenkunkuma ali-19 akumgama okwisithuba se-7km ukusuka emakhaya. Asi-7 kuwo alungiselelwe inkunkuma erisayiklishwayo. La maziko okothulela inkunkuma asebenza isithuba esiphakathi kwentsimbi ye-07:30 ukuya kwintsimbi ye-17:30, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki. Amakhaya ngamakhaya aya kukwazi ukuzisa kula maziko inkunkuma erisayikilishekayo 10 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA nehlelekileyo kuqukwa inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi, okanye ‘inkunkuma yobuxhakaxhaka bezitsali nezisebenzisi-mbane neekhompyutha’. IKapa sisixeko sokuqala eMzantsi Afrika ukuba senze uphando nomsebenzi osisalathiso-ndlela sokulungiswa, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi. Inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi ligama eliqukanisa izinto ezininzi ezinjengeeselula, iikhompyutha ‘nezixhobo zombane ezimhlophe’ (iifriji, i-ayini nezitovu). Izinto ezininzi eyenziwe ngazo inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi zinokuba neempahla eziyingozi kakhulu kwaye akufuneki zidityaniswe nenkunkuma jikelele. Iimveliso ze-elektronikhi nezixhobo zombane zingaqhaqhwa kukhutshwe amalungu athile exabiso anokuphinda asetyenziswe kweminye iimatshini okanye zirisayikilishwe njengempahla okanye isinyithi esinexabiso. Yonke inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi ingasiwa kwitiphu eseWynberg (engunomb 20 kwimephu ekwiphepha 11 okanye kwiZiko lokuLahla iNkunkuma iFootprint (elichazwe apha ngezantsi). Azikho izibonelelo zokulahla inkunkuma yombane kwezinye iitiphu. Iprojekthi ka”Cinga kaBini” eKapa ibonakalise indlela amakhaya ethu akunqwenela ngayo ukubandakanyeka kumaphulo aqalisiweyo okurisayikilisha. Nakubeni nje kunokubiza kakhulu ngokwexabiso ukwenza oku kwiKapa jikelele, into eyakwenza ukuba ibe yindlela ekunokuhanjwa ngayo nexabiso loku libe nako ukufikeleleka kuxa kukho amakhaya amaninzi athabatha inxaxheba kula manyathelo. Iprojekthi yokufumana inkunkuma efana nale nesaqhubayo yaqaliswa ngonyaka ka-2002 eMarina da Gama. IProjekthi inikeza simahla imizi eli-1 200 iingxowa ezimthubi, nethi le mizi ihlele inkunkuma yayo ngokwayo. Izinto ezinokurisayikilisheka (amaphepha, amakhadibhodi, iiglasi, iiplastiki neenkonkxa) zifakwa kwezi ngxowa. Emva konyaka onesiqingatha kuye kwafunyanwa iitoni zempahla esenkunkumeni ezili-173 xa zizonke zaza zaphinda zasetyenziswa. Malunga ne-80% lemizi ekulo mmandla isaqhubeka nokuthabatha inxaxheba kule projekthi. Iwebhu yoNaniselwano oluBumbeneyo lweNkunkuma (IWEX) (edizayinwayo kwakhona) yaziswe ngokusesikweni sisiXeko ngoMeyi ngonyaka ka-2000. Le webhu inikeza iinkampani noluntu jikelele ngendawo eyiyimarike yorhwebo nge-intanethi yokuba bathengiselane ngamajelo nezinto abangazifuniyo nezo bazifunayo. Ezi zinto zibekwe kuluhlu kugxinisiswa kakhulu ekuphungulweni komthamo wenkunkuma enokudala ingozi esiwa ezitiphini kwanokwandiswa kweemarike zokurisayikilisha kwentsusa kwiKapa needolophu ezilingqongileyo. Imibutho yoluntu ekuluhlu lwe-IWEX iquka: iindawo zokothulela inkunkuma, amaziko athenga impahla esuka enkunkumeni, amaziko oogobityholo, iindawo zokubalekela kwabaxhatshazwayo, amaziko okuphuculwa koluntu kwanamaziko okudala imisebenzi. Ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, tyelela u-www.capetown.gov.za/IWEX. Amanyathelo okuqala oluntu lwaseKapa okurisayikilisha Inani elibonakalayo lamanyathelo okuqala enza inguqulelo naphuhlisayo okurisayikilisha sele eqalisiwe eKapa. Iziko lokothulela inkunkuma iFootprints eseWynberg iyiprojekthi ejongene noluntu nengenzi ngeniso, ikwasebenza njengeziko lokusingqongileyo elixhasa intlalo nempilo esisigxina negcinakalayo kuluntu jikelele. Iiprojekthi zeli ziko ziquka ukurisayikilisha, ukwenziwa komgquba, ubulumko bokuphatha amanzi ayinkulelane kwakunye nezitiya zokutya okusuka kwiziphili kwakunye nenkunkuma ye-elektronikhi kwanobugcisa obusekwe enkunkumeni. Ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, qhagamshelana noMichelle SholtoDouglas nge-imeyili [email protected] okanye ngomnxeba (021) 794 5863. IProjekthi yokuLawulwa nokuRisayikilishwa kweNkunkuma iOasis ezinziswe eClaremont nase-Elsies River iqashe abantu abakhubazeke ngengqondo abangama-336. Nakubeni nje yayingumbutho owawusekelwe ukumpelesa, le projekthi iphumelele imbasa yenze ishishini elibe nempumelelo engathethekiyo ngokurisayikilisha. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 11 INKUNKUMA Izikolo, amaziko okugcina abantwana neendawo zokusebenzela zakhiwe ngemali engeniswe ngulo mbutho eyenziwe ngokurisayikilisha. Qhagamshelana no-Aubrey Wicomb, UMphathi woRisayikilisho (021) 671 5100 eClaremont nakule nombolo: (021) 933 1586 e-Elsies River. Ifoto: Mark Lewis IQela eleNza iiNtshukumo ngokusiNgqongileyo eKommetje (KEAG) liqela eliphembelela neligayela ezingokusingqongileyo elithi kananjalo lilawule iiprojekthi eziliqela ezingokusingqongileyo. IKEAG ikhokele iProjekthi yePhondo yokuKhathalelwa koNxweme ebandakanya ukuqeshwa kwabantu bamaphulo okucoca iindawo zokudada enxwemeni, ezingquzwini zeentlabathi ngaselunxwemeni, emachwebeni emilambo neendawo zolonwabo. Kananjalo bakwalawula iziko lokurisayikilisha elimanyene neGumbi lomsebenzi eliBonakalisa uBugcisa boMsebenzi weZandla osekwe kokuseNkunkumeni Ilithalomsa nezinziswe kwifama i-Imhoff eKommetje. Tsalela umnxeba ku-(021) 783 3433. Iziko lamaJelo angokusiNgqongileyo kwisiTsonga inamaziko okurisayikilisha kwaLanga nasePhilippi. Baziqhenya nangakumbi ngeli lisePhilippi iziko nelenziwe lonke, ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya kutsho ekugqibeleni, ngezinto ezivela enkunkumeni nezo zinokukwazi ukuhlaziyeka. Iprojekthi yabo ibandakanya abantu abangama-300 abacoca nabenza ‘luhlaza’ indalo nokusingqongileyo ngemisetyenzana yokulawulwa kwenkunkuma, ngokulinywa kokutya kwiigadana ezingasemva emakhaya nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kumzi nomzi. Iprojekthi yabo yobugcisa ngokusuka enkunkumeni ivellisa izingxobo neminqwazi. Tsalela umnxeba uSonwabo ku-082 542 3356. EKhayelitsha, iProjekthi yokuRisayikilisha i-Inkqubela yasungulwa ngu-Eunice Roro, ngenkxaso yeCandelo lokuHlolwa kokusiNgqongileyo leYunivesithi yaseKapa kwakunye nangenkxaso-mali esuka e-USAID. Ngethuba yayisasebenza le projekthi, ‘uMama uRoro’ wayebenzela isuphu yasekhaya abo bamphathele inkunkuma kwindawo yakhe yokurisayikilisha ze abahlawulele inkunkuma yabo. Inkqubela yayeka ukusebenza, kwaye kananjalo neTsoga ijongene neengxaki zezezimali, nto leyo evusa umbandela wokuma kweeprojekthi zoluntu zokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kwimimandla yabasokolayo. Uhlobo lwenkunkuma kwimimandla yabasokolayo izisa imali encinane kunaleyo ikwimimandla etyebileyo kwaye kwezi ngingqi ikakhulu iiprojekthi ezineenjongo ezizizo ziphela zineengxaki zezimali. Iinzame ezinje ngezi zoluntu zibaluleke kakhulu, xa zijongwe ngokokusingqongileyo kwanokudala amathuba engqesho, kodwa ke zifuna inkxaso ethe xhaxhe ukuze zibe nokuba sisigxina. Ifoto: Mark Lewis Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma okanye ungathanda ukuqalisa iphulo lokurisayikilisha kwingingqi yakho, qhagamshelana neSebe lemiCimbi engokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho ukuze ufumane isiKhokelo ekuRisayikilishweni kwenkunkuma eqinileyo iFairest Cape Association (iinkcukacha zisesiphelweni sesi sahluko). Ifoto: Mark Lewis 12 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA INKUNKUMA EKWIKHAYA LAKHO Ifoto: Tamara North Iinjongo ekujoliswe kuzo ngenkunkuma sisiXeko IsiXeko sijolise ekuphunguleni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngama-25% ngonyaka ka-2012. Sithetha nje isantya sokwanda kwenkunkuma singaphezulu lee kwesokwanda kwabantu. Inkunkuma gabalala ekwikhaya lakho Xa siphonononga inkunkuma yethu singazibona iintlobo ezahlukileyo zempahla amakhaya ethu azilahlayo nacinga ukuba yinkunkuma, lo gama uninzi lwayo lubonakalisa amathuba amaninnzi okurisayikilisha nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ezi mpahla kwakhona. Uninzi lwenkunkuma yethu luziziphili (lunokuboliswa). Imifuno, amaxolo eziqhamo, nenkunkuma yamagqabi nengca yasegadini kungenziwa ngayo amazala emigquba nezichumiso zasimahla ezityebileyo zizondlo, ukuze kuchunyiswe izitiya zethu. Amacebo alula okuzenzela umgquba anikwe ngakumbi ngezantsi apha kwakweli candelo. Kwamanye amakhaya atyebileyo inkunkuma eveliswayo yeyohlobo lwesinyithi, iplastiki, iglasi, iphepha nekhadibhodi – uninzi lwayo iba zizinto ebekupakishwe kuzo, nebezinokurisayikilisheka kumathuba amaninzi. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 13 INKUNKUMA Isiqulatho senkunkuma yesiqhelo kumakhaya abangeniso iphakathi ukuya kwephezulu Isiqulatho senkunkuma yesiqhelo kumakhaya abangeniso iphantsi umhlaba onodoti nothuthu iziphili amaphepha namakhadibhodi izinto ngezinto iglasi iplastiki isinyithi impahla eyolukiweyo Inkunkuma eyingozi ekhaya Ikhaya elikumndilili liqulatha phakathi kwe-14 ukuya kuma-45 eelitha zemveliso ezikhupha inkunkuma ehlelwa njengeyingozi. Ukuba ufuna icebo lokulwa nenkunkuma eyingozi funda icandelo elingamaNyathelo aSebenzisekayo ngezantsi apha kwakwesi sahluko. Inkunkuma yasekhaya enetyhefu ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo zezi mveliso zichazwe ngezantsi apha: 14 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Isixhobo esitsaza amadangatye okanye esilumekekayo (ipetroli, iparafini, idizili, imatshisi, ithinasi, ipolishi yeenzipho, ulwelo olutshizwa ngoxinzelelo lomoya kwakunye neemveliso ezine-alkoholi). Kufuneka zingasondezwa emlilweni okanye edangatyeni. Into etyabulayo (i-amoniaya okanye iblitshi). Nceda ulumkele ukuba imveliso leyo isondele kwisikhumba sakho okanye emehlweni kuwe. Kufuneka uyisebenzise unxibe iiglavu ezandleni. Into etyabulayo ingabangela ukuqaqamba nokurhawuzelelwa okanye ukudumba kwesikhumba, amehlo, inwebu yangaphakathi okanye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. INKUNKUMA Isidlekisi (izicoci zesinyithi, i-asidi yebhetri yemoto, izicoci zemibhobho yamanzi nezitovu zokubhaka, izinto zokususa irusi, iblitshi ne-asidi yokucoca ipuli). Ezi mveliso ziyayitya impahla. Umzekelo, xa ithinasi igalelwe emagini yeplastiki, imagi leyo iyanyibilika! Ezinobungozi, ityhefu okanye umalingatshoni (iparafini okanye iyeza lokubulala izitshabalalisi). Oku kungabangela ukwenzakala okanye kungade kukubulale xa ukuginyile, ukufunxile okanye ukurhogele. Iziqhushumbi/ izidubuli (izicoci zemibhobho yamanzi, izinto zokutyala ezineblitshi neesepha zokuhlamba izitya ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe ne-amoniya nezinye ii-asidi). Ezi zinto zingabangela uqhambuko-dubulo okanye zikhuphe imisi eyingosi nenetyhefu xa zibekwe ngasemoyeni okanye zifakwe emanzini okanye zidityaniswe namanye amachiza. Into eyosulelayo (iinaphukeni ezingcolileyo, iikhondom, iinaliti zokuzitofa). Ezi zinto zisasaza izifo nokosulelana. (Fairest Cape Association, ushicilelo lwe-4) Uphicotho olukhawulezileyo lwenkunkuma eyingozi Jikeleza apha endlwini yakho, ukhangele ubhala phantsi nayiphi kwezi mpahla zingentla zinobungozi. Tyhila kumaphepha anAmanyathelo Asebenzisekayo ekupheleni kweli candelo ukuze ukhangele ukuba zeziphi na izinto ezizezinye onokuzisebenzisa endaweni yezi xa usiya kuthenga kwakhona. Igaraji nekhitshi apho ugcina uninzi lwamachiza okucoca yindawo elungileyo onokuqala kuyo. Impahla eyingozi Into enokusetyenziswa endaweni yayo umz. Isicoci sedreyini yamanzi isoda yokubhaka neviniga emhlophe INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 15 INKUNKUMA Ifoto: Mark Lewis AMANYATHELO ABONAKALAYO Sibonile ukuba sivelisa inkunkuma eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo yenza ukuba senze ilahleko kwi-eneji, amajelo amanzi acocekileyo, nomhlaba wethu wendalo oxabisekileyo. Ngoko ke, singasicutha njani isixa senkunkuma esisivelisayo? Singaphinda siyisebenzise okanye siyirisayikilishe inkunkuma yethu kodwa inyathelo lokuqala kukusoloko uzama ukucutha isixa senkunkuma nobutyhefu obusenkunkumeni kwasekuqaleni. Sebenzisa amanqanaba amathathu acetyiswe yiFairest Cape Association namaphulo eemveliso zokucoca zeCandelo loLawulo lweNkunkuma leSixeko angala: Cutha, Sebenzisa kwakhona/Lungisa kwaye Risayikilisha. Cutha • • • • • • 16 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Thenga nje oko kukwaneleyo ze ukuphephe ukuthenga iimveliso ezibotshwe ngemfumba yezinto ezingcolisayo. Thenga ngokwezambuku (zincinci izinto ekubotshwe ngazo) ezo zinto uzisebenzisa kakhulu. Thenga izinto ezandayo neziphinda zizaliswe kwakhona. Thenga iimveliso ezinezinto ezibotshwe ngazo ezenziwe ngempahla erisayikilishiweyo, njengeefayidukhwe zasekhitshini, iibhotile zeshampo ezineplastiki enesiqulatho esirisayikilishiweyo. Zama ukuziphepha iimveliso ezilahlwayo, njengeebleyidi ezilahlwayo zakugqiba ukusetyenziswa, iikhamera kwaneepleyiti zephepha. Khetha iglasi kuneplastiki nanjengoko iglasi inokuphinda irisayikilishwe. Izinto ezininzi zokubopha zeplastiki azikarisayikilisheki unanamhla eMzantsi Afrika (jonga iiplastiki apha ngezantsi). Ziphephe iimveliso eziyityhefu neziyingozi. INKUNKUMA Sebenzisa kwakhona • • Xa ungasayisebenzisiyo into yakho khangela omnye umntu onokuba nomsebenzi waloo nto. Izikolo, iimanyano zesisa, amathala eencwadi, kwakunye nezinye iindawo ekothulelwa kuzo inkunkuma zingazamkela iimpahla ezingasafunwayo, ifenitshala, izinto zokudlala, iincwadi, iividiyo neemagazini. Zilungise izinto kunokuzilahla. Nika inkxaso kumthungi wengingqi yakho, umkhandi-zihlangu, ivenkile yokulungisa iibhayisikili, nezinye. Eli linyathelo elikwavuselela amthuba omsebenzi kwingingqi yakho. Ezinye zeengcebiso ezisebenzisekayo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwempahla yasemakhaya • • • • • Gcina ukutya kwizinto zokugalela eziphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona, uphephe izinto ezingarisay ikilishekiyo ezinjengezinto zokujijela ezincamathelayo okanye ifoyile eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam esebenzise amajelo amaninzi. • Zisebenzise kwakhona izinto zokujijela izipho namakhadi eminqweno emihle. Cinga ngokuzama izipho ezingaphathekiyo njengokukhuphana. Sika iphepha elisebenzileyo ngokwezikweri, ulisebenzise njengencwadana yokuthatha amanqaku. Sebenzisa amacala omabini ephepha ze ulirisayikilishe. Iingqayi zeplastiki kwakunye namakhathuni obisi okanye iziselo enziwe okanye aqatywe iplastiki ngaphandle aziingqayi ezilunge kakhulu zokukhulisela izityalo. Risayikilisha • • • Risayikilisha inkunkuma engenakulungiseka okanye engenakuphinda isebenze ngokuyithuthela kwidepho yokurisayikilisha ekufutshane nawe okanye indawo yokulahla. Khetha iimveliso nezinto zokubopha imveliso eziqulethe okurisayikilishekayo – khangela umqondiso okhomba ukuba imveliso leyo iyarisayikilisheka. Sebenzisa inkunkuma yakho yamagqabi namaxolo eziqhamo nemifuno ukwenza umgquba. Ukwenza ikhaya lakho libe likhaya elirisayikilishayo Ukwahlula-hlula inkunkuma yakho Indawo elungileyo onokuqala ngayo kukuseka imigqomo emithathu (mhlawumbi ungacinga ngokusebenzisa iibhokisi eziphinde zasetyenziswa) endlwini yakho: umgqomo ‘wokuphilayo’ wokwenza izala lomgquba, umgqomo wokurisayikilishekayo ‘wokomileyo’ (iinkonkxa, iplastiki, iibhotile zeglasi, izisongeli zeplastiki, amaqweqwe namakhadibhodi eebhokisi) kwakunye nomgqomo wenkunkuma engarisayikilishekiyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuhleleka kwenkunkuma yakho kwasekuqaleni, kumthombo wayo. Inzuzo yokurisayikilisha: • ukucutha ubuninzi benkunkuma eya etiphini, nto leyo ecutha ukuxinaniseleka ngokwasemoyeni; • ukudaleka kwezithuba zomsebenzi kwakunye nemali eya ezikolweni nakwimibutho yoluntu; • ukucutheka kongcoliseko nokusasazwa kwenkunkuma; • ukonga impahla nezinto ezintsha ekufuneka kwenziwe ngazo ‘imveliso entsha’ INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 17 INKUNKUMA • • • • ukucutheka kokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinexabiso eliphezulu zokwenza iimveliso ezintsha; ukucothiswa nokuthotywa kwesantya sokucutheka kwamajelo ehlabathi angahlaziyekiyo (i-oyile, amalahle kwakunye nentsimbi) kwakunye naloo majelo ahlaziyekayo (imithi); ukucuthwa kwexabiso le-eneji yokwenza izikhongozelo, izinto zokubopha, njalo njalo; kwakunye nokongiwa kwamanzi (asetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinto zokubopha nakwiimveliso). Ukurisayikilishwa kwephepha kusebenzisa amanzi angama-50% ngaphantsi kunephepha elenziwa ekuqaleni emthini. Ukukhetha iimpahla zokurisayikilishwa Ngezants’ apha kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwempahla enokurisayikilisheka. Kodwa ke kufuneka ufumanise ukuba ingaba zintoni na idepho yokurisayikilisha yengingqi yakho ezamkelayo. Musa ukusa iimpahla engazirisayikilishiyo idepho leyo – oko kukubaqaqambisela nje ngentloko ngenxa yenkunkuma yakho! Kananjalo impahla eza kurisayikilishwa kufuneka ipurwe phambi kokuba irisayikilishwe. Amanqaku nala manani alandelayo acatshulwe kwincwadi yokufundisa yeDEAT yoKhenketho oluThembakeleyo kwakunye neFairest Cape Association. Iinkcenkce nesinyithi Malunga neetoni ezingama-400 zeenkonkxa ziyarisayikilishwa eNtshona Kapa nyanga nenyanga. UCollect-a-Can uthi urisayikilisha ama-66% azo zonke iinkonkxa zesiselo eMzantsi Afrika, nto leyo igxotha ikati eziko kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-37 000. Isinyithi sisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezintsha ezinobulunga obufanayo nezo zentsusa - nto leyo yonga ukusetyenziswa nekwalondoloza amajelo endalo angahlaziyekiyo. Ukurisayikilishwa kweenkonkxa neetoti konga malunga nama-95% e-eneji efunekayo ukuze kwenziwe iinkonkxa ezintsha ngentsimbi ekrwada. Kwihlabathi jikelele kukho isidingo esikhulu sesinyithi neentsibi ezindala. UMzantsi Afrika uthumela kwamanye amazwe aphesheya malunga nama-50% eentsimbi ezindala ozifumanayo. Akukhathaliseki nokuba iinkonkxa ezo netoti zibotyokile, zitshile okanye zirusile – zonke zingarisayikilishwa. Ikhadibhodi nephepha Ikhadibhodi nephepha zimpahla ezikulungele ncakasana ukurisayikilishwa. Itoni nganye erisayikilishiweyo isindisa imithi eli-17, i-eneji engama-40% ngaphantsi kwefunekayo kwakunye namanzi angaphantsi ngama-30% kwafunekayo ukwenza iphepha elitsha. Musa ukurisayikilisha: • • • • • • Iphepha elimdaka okanye elimanzi (iphepha langasese nelokosula umbilo, itawuli yephepha, izisongeli-kutya, iphepha elichithelwe zizinto) Iphepha eliqatywe okanye elincanyathiselwe iplastiki ukuze kugalelwe ulwelo (iikhathuni zobisi) Iphepha elizincamathelekayo (ileyibhile) Iphepha lomsizi Iphepha lefeksi okanye lefoto elinongwe ngamachiza Izingxobo zokutya kwezinja, iingxowa zamazambane, iibhokisi eziqatywe okanye zombathiswe ngeplastiki encamathelayo. Iplastiki Ngokubanzi iiplastiki aziwuthi nanjengokuba zenziwe ngamachiza asekwe kwipetroleyam (i-oyile, amalahle negesi). Iiplastiki zingayingxaki ukurisayilikisheka kuba amathuba amaninzi zidityaniswa nezinye iimpahla xa zisenziwa. Iiplastiki zenziwa ngamachiza eplastiki aneemolekyuli ezininzi ezifanayo (polima). Kubalulekile ukuba iiplastiki 18 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA ezifanayo zirisayikilishwe zodwa. Fumanisa kwindawo yengingqi yakho yokothulela inkunkuma ukuba loluphi na uhlobo lwepastiki abalamkelayo. Ngelishwa ngaphandle nje kohlobo lweplastiki lwePET, iHDPE neLDPE sincinci kakhulu isidingo kushishino lokurisayikilisha eMzantsi Afrika sokufumana iiplastiki emva kokuba kusetyenzisiwe okuphakathi kuzo ukuze zirisayikilishwe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uninzi lwazo luphelela etiphini okwangoku. Iibhotile ezili-11 ezirisayikilishiweyo ukuba zirisayikilishwe ngokweepolima zazo zingayenza ibhlukhwe yendoda. PET HDPE LDPE Ngokwemfaneleko ezi ntlobo zeplastiki zihlelwa kunye ukuze zirisayikilisheke. PET: ezinepolyethylene terephthalate HDPE: ezinobunzima-mthamo ophezulu wepolyethylene LDPE: ezinobunzima-mthamo ophantsi wepolyethylene PP: ezinepolypropylene Izinto ezininzi zeplastiki zokubopha nokupakisha unangoku azikarisayikilisheki eMzantsi Afrika konke konke. Asinako ukurisayikilisha: • • • iifoyile zeplastiki ezenziwe ngokudibanisa amacwecwe amaninzi (zokupakisha nokubopha ukutya njengebheyikhoni) iplastiki yokubopha ebumbeneyo (njengobisi iTetrapak kwakunye neekhathuni zesiselo seziqhamo) – eRhawutini iTetrapak iye iphinde isetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye siyathemba ukuba kuza kwenzeka nalapha eKapa kungekudala iitreyi zokutya ezizipolystyrene Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba zintoni ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwindawo ekulahlwa kuzo inkunkuma. Ukungazithengi iimveliso ezipakishwe ngezinto ezingenakurisayikilisheka kuthumela umyalezo ongqingqwa kubenzi bemveliso ukuba bayile kwaye bapakishe iimveliso zabo ngokwendlela ehambisana kakuhle nokusingqongileyo. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 19 INKUNKUMA Iibhotile zeglasi neejagi Ukurisayikilisha ibhotile yeglasi konga umbane onokonela ukulayita isibane esingu-100 W iiyure ezine. Ngayo yonke itoni yeglasi erisayikilishiweyo, kongiwa iitoni zempahla ekrwada e-1,2 neelitha ezili-114 ze-eneji ye-oyile. Kubalulekile ukususa iziciko zeebhotile kwakunye nezivalo nemiphezulu yeebhotile zeglasi nezikhongozeli. Ezinye iimveliso zeglasi azinakurisayikilisheka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela olu hlelo lungezantsi nanjengoko nayiphi na into kwezi zilandelayo ingayonakalisa yonke loo mfumba yeeglasi ibiza kurisayikilishwa. Musa ukurisayikilisha: • • • • • • • • • Iikomityi, iisosi nempahla yodongwe Iikhyubhu ezibengezelayo Iibhalbhu zokulayita Iiglasi zezipili Iiglasi ezizishiti (iglasi zefestile kwakunye nefestile engaphambili emotweni) Izibane zeemoto Iiglasi zokusela idrinki Iiglasi ezibotshelelwe ngocingo Iglasi yaselebhu Inkunkuma yokuphilayo Ukwenza umgquba inkunkuma yakho yokuphilayo konga isithuba esinexabiso etiphini ze kunciphise umsi wegesi yamalahle enegalelo ekuGuqukeni kweMozulu. Kananjalo oku kuphindisela izondlo ezibalulekileyo emva emhlabeni. Ukwenza umgquba asinto inzima kuyaphi – nanjengoko kubonisiwe apha kwisicatshulwa esipapashwe nguMasipala woMzantsi woSinga-siqithi weKapa uhlangene neFairest Cape Association (Disemba 1999). Ungazenzela owakho umgquba ngaphandle kwenkxamleko eninzi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo zokwenza umgquba, ngoko ke ungakhetha indlela yokwenza umgquba efanele isixa senkunkuma onaso kwakunye nexesha kwanesithuba somhlaba onaso. Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza umgquba kukwenza nje izala lenkunkuma yokuphilayo kwikona engenzi nto egadini. Ukuze uligcine izala lakho licwangciseke kakuhle mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka ulenze kwisikhongozeli. Iinkonkxa zomgquba ezibundlu yeenyosi ziyafumaneka kwindawo yokuthengisa izithole. Iinkonkxa zeplanga okaye iplastiki ezinemicu (1 x 1 x 1m³) zezona zona zilungele izitiya eziphakathi ukuya kwezikhulu. Isilinda yomngxuma onomnatha wocingo ebukhulu (buyi-1m ngokwesinqumla-sangqa x 1m) ofulelwe ngekhadibhodi okanye ibhokisi yekhadibhodi enkulu yindlela engaxabisi kakhulu yokwenza inkonkxa yomgquba’. • • • 20 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Khetha indawo enomthunzi nesithileyo yokubeka inkonkxa okanye izala lakho lomgquba. Okokuqala beka umaleko wezinto ezirhabaxa eziquka iindiza namasebe (ukwenzela ukufakwa komoya neegesi). Beka umaleko umane uwuguquguqula uqale ngowolunye uhlobo ubuye uze ngowolunye uhlobo, kwezi ntlobo zimbini ‘ngomdaka’ (owamagqabi awomileyo) kwakunye ‘noluhlaza’ (owengca entsha esikiweyo) ngokomlinganiselo ongama 50:50 kwakunye nomgquba (okanye ingca yaselwandle) njengesiqalisi okanye isilumeki. Sasaza amanzi, isanti nephepha elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo nangokweziqabu phakathi kwezibini zomaleko nanjengokuba umphakamo umde ngokokude uye kuma kwi-1,5 leemitha. Isanti iyimfuneko ukwenza okuphilayo ukuba kube yingqumba. Iintlobo ezininzi zomaleko zingongezelelwa nanjengokuba kufumaneka inkunkuma eninzi. INKUNKUMA • • • Gcina izala elo legqunyiwe ngomaleko weendiza, umhlaba okanye ikhaphethi endala ukuze kungangeni zimpuku, izinambuzane okanye naziphi na izitshabalalisi. Linkcenkceshele rhoqo izala lakho (ligcine lifumile kodwa lingabi manzi) ze uliguqule ngefolokhwe emva kweenyangana ezimbalwa ukwenzela ukuba izinto zikhawuleze. Ukongeza imisundululwana yokubolisa nako kunganceda. Umgquba lowo ukulungele ukuba ungasetyenziswa xa umdaka kwaye uphuqeka kwaye unuka njengomhlaba. Le nto ingathatha isithuba seeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kuxhomekeke ukuba leliphi na ixesha lonyaka elo. Icebo lelokuba umntu enze amazala omgquba angaphezulu kwesibini ngexesha, nto leyo ethetha ukuba lo gama usazama ukwakha enye, enye ‘iyabila’ phaya eziko. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 21 INKUNKUMA Kwezinye iimeko mhlawumbi kungangcono ukungcwaba inkunkuma ephilayo emiseleni (usebenzisa ezi zikhokelo zingentla) okanye emingxunyeni elingana nesixa senkunkuma evelisiweyo. Ungatyala imifuno neentyatyambo zemithi ngqo kumsele womgquba lowo. Enye yezinto ezilungileyo ngokogqunyelelwa kwenkunkuma ngesanti kugxotha iimpukane namavumba amabi. Ukuba ufuna inkcukacha ethe vetshe malunga nokwenza umgquba, tyelela iwebhu yAbalimi Bezekhaya ethi www. abalimi.org.za okanye ubabhalele i-imeyili kule dilesi: [email protected]. Iwebhu yeFairest Cape Association ethi, www.fairestcape.co.za nayo inamcebiso neenkcukacha ezininzi ngokwenziwa komgquba kwiindawo ezininzi eKapa. Inkunkuma eyingozi Ayikho indlela ekhuseleke gqibi yokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi yasekhaya. Phambi kokuba uthenge imveliso eyingozi qala uzibuze umbuzo wokuba ayikho na imveliso engenye obungayifumana. Cinga ngendlela ekhuselekileyo onokuyilahla ngayo. Imigaqo elula xa usebenzisa iimveliso eziyingozi • • • • 22 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Khetha ezona mveliso zinetyhefu encinane ezikusebenzelayo ekhayeni lakho. Iimveliso zokucoca ezinophawu lakwaSABS u-A-E ‘zamkelekile ngokokusingqongileyo’ kwaye zivunywe nanguSANS. Zithengele isixhobo sokuchwakraza impukane ze ukuphephe ukuthenga amachiza okubulala izinambuzane. Amanye ala machiza anjengeLindane, nathintelwayo ngokomthetho eYurophu nanjengokuba kukholelwa ukuba anxulumene nobukho besifo somhlaza, umbefu nokonakala kwemithambo-luvo. Thenga oko ukufunayo kuphela (ngokwezixa ezincinane) ukuphepha ukugcina iimveliso ezinobungozi. Funda ilebhile ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngezithako, ngemiyalelo nendlela yokuyisebenzisa, ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yokuyigcina nokuyilahla imveliso leyo. INKUNKUMA • • • • • • • • • Thenga iimveliso ezinezithako ezibonakalisiweyo nezidwelisiweyo apha kuyo. Abasebenzi ngamayeza baya kuyazi indlela yokunyanga ityhefu ethile. Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso leyo ibhalwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ugcine isiqulatho semveliso leyo kwisikhongozeli sayo sentsusa. Kuphephe kangangoko unako ukusebenzisa ulwelo olutshizwa ngoxinzelelo lomoya. Ezi zitshizi azikwazi ukurisayikilisheka kwaye ayikho indlela yokuzilahla ngokukhuselekileyo. Nceda beka iimveliso eziyingozi kude nabantwana nezilo-maqabane emakhaya. Ungaze uzixube iimveliso eziyingozi kuba zisenokuxabana nezinye. Ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindawo engena umoya kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngenkathalo enkulu. Ungaze utshaye okanye utye lo gama usebenzisa amachiza kwaye kufuneka ngalo lonke ixesha uhlambe izandla emva kokuba usebenzise amachiza. Nceda qinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sivalisisekile ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukuba isikhongozeli eso siyavuza, sifake kwisikhongozeli sesibini esiqinisekisiweyo ngokungavuzi, ze usilebhelishe ngombhalo omkhulu othi, ‘IYAVUZA’. Zigcine kwindawo ebandayo, eyomileyo nemnyama kude nezitovu okanye izifudumezi-manzi. Ipeyinti, izinyibilikisi, neglu Kuveliswa itoti ezingama-30 zeyona nkunkuma inetyhefu kakhulu ngetoti nganye yepeyinti ethengiswayo. Iipeyinti, ngenxa yobunzima bazo, zezinye zezixhobo zokwakha eziyitya kakhulu i-eneji. Ezinye iingcombolo ezothusayo zezokuba baninzi abantu ababulawa yityhefu elapha emsini kwimililo etshisa izindlu (esuka kwilothe endala yepeyinti nakwezinye iimveliso zasekhaya eziyingozi) kunabo babulawa ngumsi lo ngokwawo. Uninzi oluxhaphakieyo lwezigcinakalisi zemithi namaplanga ezisebenza njengezibulali-zinambuzane kwakunye nezibulali-kungunda ziba netyhefu eyingozi neninzi kakhulu emva kweminyaka emininzi imveliso leyo isetyenzisiwe. Izinto ezikhuselekileyo ezinokusetyenziswa endaweni yezi • • • • Ukuba izigcinakalisi zeepeyinti okanye zemithi zisetyenzisiwe, kufuneka ukhethe ezo zineqondo letyhefu elisezantsi. UBreathcote ([email protected]) kwakunye no-EnviroTouch (http://www.envirotouch.com) banezinye zemveliso ezilunge kakhulu. Xa kugudiswa iplanga, iimveliso ezineboron (ineqondo eliphantsi okanye eliphakathi letyhefu) zingasetyenziswa. Ukucocwa kwamaplanga ngeboron kuhambelana nemiqathango yeSANS. Kodwa ke, iimveliso eziqulathe iboron ziyathanda ukuhluzeka kuloko ke kufuneka ukuba amaplanga apeyintwe ngemveliso yeboron angangcwatywa emhlabeni okanye antywiliselwe emanzini. Ukuba imveliso elolo hlobo isetyenziswe ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukuba afakwe i-oyile eyongezelelekileyo okanye anikwe icocwe ngokudyojwa. Iipeyinti ezinobulunga obuhle ezenziwe ngamanzi okanye ezinganyibiliki kakhulu, iglu, ivanishi kwakunye nezigcinakalisi zisinika izinto esinokukhetha zona ezibuthembakala. Yibethelele emgangathweni itapeti kunokusebenzisa iglu. For more information on timber preservation and environmentally-friendly ways of preserving wood, visit www.greenhouse.org.za. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 23 INKUNKUMA Iibhetri Okwangoku, iSixeko asikabi nayo iNkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma yeeBhetri echaza amanyathelo emakathathwe xa kuququzelelwa izicwangciso zokujonga ukuba iibhetri zinokuphinda zisebenziseke njani. Thina nje sicebisa abahlali ukuba bathethe nabathengi babuze ukuba abanakuzibuyisela na ezo bhetri kwezo ndawo bazithenge kuzo xa ziphelelwe ukuze ziphinde zitshajwe. Iiglowubhu zokulayita ezindlwini I-oyile Ilitha enye ye-oyile ingenza iingwengwezi kumanzi anokuba sendaweni enokuba ngaphezulu kwamabala amabini esoka. Ungaze ugalele isinqandi-kunyibilika okanye nalo naliphi na elinye ichiza emgangathweni, kwimijelo yamanzi ahamba kwimibhobho yamanzi okanye esinkini. Ifoto: Mark Lewis ISixeko sisebenzisana noEskom siqwalasela umba wokuba iiglowubhu zasezindlwini azinakuphinda zisebenze na. Okwangoku de kubekho icebo lokuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe, abahlali bayacelwa ukuba bazigcine kakuhle iiglowubhu ezisebenzileyo, bazifake kwizinto ezingazukophuka kuzo. Iigaraji ezininzi zithabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokurisayikilishwa kwe-oyile. Ukuba uyazilungisela imoto yakho ekhaya, buyisela i-oyile esetyenzisiweyo egaraji okanye kwidepho efuna i-oyile endala njengeFootprints okanye iRose Foundation (Ukufunyanwa kwe-oyile endala kusindisa okusingqongileyo), imibutho engasekelwanga ukungenisa inzuzo eqokelela, igcine ze irisayikilishe i-oyile ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe. Qhagamshelana nabo kule nombolo: (021) 448 7492. Ukuba ufuna ingcaciso ethe vetshe, tyelela iwebhu u-www.rosefoundation.org.za. Ukuba imveliso eyingozi ithe yaginywa, thatha umntu lowo ngoko nangoko umse kwiziko elisebenza ngetyhefu, okanye ikliniki okanye esibhedlele. Musa ukuzama ukumgabhisa umntu lowo, nanjengokuba imisi, ivumba nothuli olo lunokungena emiphungeni ze liyonzakalise. Ukuba amachiza ayingozi arhogelwe, umntu watsarhwa, khawuleza umse kwindawo enempepho umntu lowo. Musa ukusondela kwindawo enothuli nomsi lowo. Vula zonke iingcango neefestile. Tsalela iZiko lokuLawulwa kweTyhefu laseTygerberg xa ufuna ingcebiso (021) 931 6129 okanye iZiko leTyhefu laseRed Cross (021) 689 5227. Ukuba ichiza lingene emehlweni akho okanye lachithekela esikhumbeni sakho, zipure ngamanzi amatsha nacocekileyo isithuba semizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo zokucoca Zama ukuphepha iimveliso zasekhaya eziyingozi ngokukhangela la magama emaqokobheni okanye kwiilebhile: • • • 24 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Ezingenatyhefu Ezingasekwanga kwipetroliyam Ezingenayo i-amoniya, idayi nechiza lezichumiso ifosfeyithi INKUNKUMA • • • • • Ezihambisanayo nokusingqongileyo Ezihambisanayo ne-oksijini enevumba elihlaziyayo Ziyasebenziseka kwakhona kwaye ziyarisayikilisheka Ine-enzayime esebenzayo Okuphilayo Ucoco oluninzi ekhaya lungenziwa ngesiqingatha somxube weviniga nesiqingatha samanzi, okanye isepha elulwelo kunye nesoda yokubhaka. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lweemveliso eziyimfuneko onokuzithenga ezikhuselekileyo zokucoca xa uphinda uthenga kwakhona: Isoda yokubhaka (ibhiKharbonati yesoda) idumaza i-asidi kwaye icoca imigangatho emenyezelayo ngaphandle kokuyikrwela. Icoca ze ipolishe i-aluminiyam, ikhrom, izihombiso ezinamatye anqabileyo, isilivere, intsimbi engatyiwa ngumhlwa nenkcenkce. Kananjalo ikwasisithambisi-mpahla esilungileyo, isishenxisimabala kwaye yenza amanzi anomkhenkce anyibilike. Isusa ivumba elibi kwizikhenkcisi, kwitapeti ezinukayo, impahla yendlu entofontofo nditsho nemijelo yamanzi amdaka. Kananjalo ingawucima nomlilo wamafutha. Iboraksi, yiminerali yendalo ezenzekelayo enyibilikayo emanzini, isusa amavumba amabi, ishenxisa amabala, ithomalalisa ukungunda nokuvunda kwaye inika amandla awongezelelekileyo isepha engumgubo nezinye izicoci. Ijusi yelamuni ishenxisa amavumba amabi, icoca iiglasi, isusa amabala kwi-aluminiyam kwaye yiblitshi engekho bukhali esebenzayo kwizinto zewulu. Into enomdla yeyokuba isebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziswe nesanlayithi. Ityuwa isisikhuhli esinamandla xa kucocwa okanye kutyulwa izinto ezithile zesinyithi okanye zeplastiki, kodwa ingazikrwela ezinye izinto nemigangatho. Iviniga ithibaza iziseko-mandla ezinjengeesepha ze-alkali ze yethise nobuninzi be-pH. Isusa amafutha emigangathweni kwaye sisinqandi-vumba esiphuma phambili. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iviniga kumatye agudiswayo okuhombisa nanjengokuba inokwenza imingxuma kumphezulu wamatye lawo. Iviniga emhlophe ikulungele ukusetyenziswa kuwo nawaphi na amalaphu amibala-bala angengomqhaphu nelineni. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 25 INKUNKUMA Isoda yokuhlamba (isodiyam karboneyithi dikhahayidreyithi) yiminerali esusa amafutha anenkani, amafutha kwizinto zokugcada, iipani nezitovu zokubhaka. Ingasetyenziswa nebhiKharbonati yesoda endaweni yezicoci zaselondri kwaye iyafumaneka ezikhemesti nakwiivenkile ezithengisa ngamachiza. Ezinye zeeresiphi zendalo zococeko emakhaya Ezi resiphi zibaluleke kangaka zenziwa nguMuna Lakhani ezenzela i-Earthlife Africa’s Toxics Group, kwakunye neCandelo loLawulo lweNkunkuma leSebe lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho. Izihlaziyi-moya • • • • Isoda yokubhaka okanye iviniga esosini. I-oli yeAromatheraphi. Galela ivanila ecuntsulweyo kwibhola yomqhaphu esesosini ze uyibeke ekhaya okanye emotweni okanye kwisikhenkcisi. Qukumbela umphantsi webhokisi yenkunkuma ngesoda yokubhaka phambi kokuba ugalele inkunkuma. Le nto iya kugxotha amavumba amabi iintsuku eziliqela. Isicoci sazo zonke izinto ekhaya • • • • Iviniga netyuwa. Isepha elulwelo nesoda yokubhaka. Isoda yokubhaka (ilungu e-1) kwakunye namanzi ashushu (amalungu ama-2). Kwilitha yamanzi ashushu, yongeza itispuni e-1 (5ml) yesepha yolwelo, itispuni e-1 (5ml) yeboraksi kwakunye ne-¼ yekomityi (62ml) yeviniga emhlophe engaxutywanga. Kuxube konke oku ze ukugcine kwibhotile yesifefezi ukuze ukusebenzise xa ucoca imiphezulu yeetafile, imigangatho, amadonga neetapeti. Isicoci sebhafu neshawari Sula ngeviniga ze ukorobhe ngesoda yokubhaka usebenzisa isiponji esifumileyo. Izisusi-maqweqwe okanye amakhokho Sebenzisa iviniga yococo-lwelo kumaqweqwe abukalika eziketileni nasezindlwini zangasese. Ijusi yelamuni sisiqholi-vumba esingesinye esinokusetyenziswa kumabala etipoti. Isibulali-zintsholongwane Isi-½ sekomityi (125ml) yeboraksi kwisinyibiliko seelitha ezi-4½ zamanzi atshisayo singasetyenziswa njengesicocisi. Iperoksayidi yeHidrojeni (isinyibiliko esiyi-3%) nayo ingasetyenziswa. Isinyibilikisi-mafutha Sebenzisa iviniga okanye ilamuni ukususa amafutha. Isinyibiliko sokususa amafutha singenziwa ngokuxutywa kwesi-½ setispuni (2,5ml) yesoda yokuhlamba (sodiyam kharboneyithi okanye uthuthu lwesoda), amacephe ama-2 (30ml) eviniga emhlophe kwakunye ne-¼ yetispuni (1ml) yesepha elulwelo kwakunye neekomityi ezi-2 (500ml) zamanzi. 26 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA Isicocisi somashini wokuhlamba izitya Umxube wezixa ezilinganayo zeboraksi nesoda yokubhaka (i-15ml leboraksi kwakunye ne-15ml lesoda yokubhaka) ungasetyenziswa njengesicocisi somashini wokuhlamba izitya. Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kukulungele, qhagamshelana nabavelisi bomashini wakho ngokunxulumene neziphumo zokusebenzisa le mveliso kumashini wakho. Isicoci-mijelo yamanzi amdaka Ukucocwa rhoqo kwemijelo yamanzi amdaka kwakunye nokugalelwa kwamazi abilayo kule mijelo veki neveki kungakhusela ukwakheka kwentsila ethi ithintele ukuhamba kwamanzi. Sebenzisa le ndlela ilandelayo ukucoca rhoqo imijelo yakho yamanzi amdaka: 1. Galela isi-½ sekomityi (125ml) sesoda yokubhaka kwakunye nesi-½ sekomityi (125ml) seviniga emhlophe esinkini yakho okanye kwimibhobho yemijelo yakho yamanzi amdaka. 2. Kogqume oku ze ukushiye kangangeeyure esi-2. 3. Pura oko ngamanzi abilayo. Ukuba idreyini yakho ifuna ukuvulwa, sebenzisa iperoksayidi yehidrojeni (iyafumaneka ekhemesti) kwakunye nesixhobo sokugqogqa impompo. Musa ukusebenzisa oku emva kokuba usebenzise isicoci esithengiswayo. Isicoci-mgangatho nepolishi • • • • • IVinyl okanye ilinoliyam: isiciko esizeleyo (5ml) se-oli yentsana namanzi. Imigangatho yeplanga: faka umaleko obhityileyo wezixa ezilinganayo ze-oli yemifuno kwakunye neviniga emhlophe. Hlikihla kangangoko. Imigangatho epeyintiweyo yeplanga: itispuni e-1 (5ml) yesoda yokuhlamba exutywe neelitha ezi-4 zamanzi ashushu. Ithayile zamatye neebhloko: ikomityi e-1 (250ml) yeviniga emhlophe exutywe neelitha ezi-4½ zamanzi. Pura ngamanzi acocekileyo emva kwayo yonke inkqubo. IIzigxothi-zinambuzane Sebenzisa iingcambu nezipayisi eziqholeke kakhulu nezinamavumba amnandi. I-oli yesitrasi, ilavenda, irozmeri, iinkozo zepepile, itshilisi ebomvu egutyiweyo, inxina, amagqabi omthi ibheyi, i-oli yeklovu nomsedare zonke zizigxothi-zinambuzane ezikhulu. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 27 INKUNKUMA Izicoci zesinyithi nepolishi • • • • • • I-Aluminiyam: sebenzisa intlama eyenziwe ngocwambu lwethathari namanzi. Ixina: intlama yejusi yelamuni kunye nesoda yokubhaka OKANYE isinyibiliko seviniga netyuwa. Ikhrom: i-oli yeentsana kunye neviniga OKANYE ifoyile ye-aluminiyam eneli cala limenyezelayo lijonge ngaphandle. Ubhedu: bilisa izinto ezo zobhedu kumxube wetyuwa (icephe eli-1/15ml), iviniga emhlophe (ikomityi e-1 /250ml) kwakunye namanzi atshisayo. Isilivere: yondlala ipani okanye imbiza ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam ze ke ubilise izinto ezo emanzini anetispuni yesoda yokubhaka kwakunye netispuni yetyuwa. Iintsimbi neenkcenkce ezingatyiwa-mhlwa: sebenzisa iviniga emhlophe engaxutywanga ukuzicoca. Isisusi-kungunda Khuhla amachaphaza okungunda ngesi-½ sekomityi (125ml) yeboraksi kwakunye neelitha ezi-4 zamanzi usebenzisa umqamelwana wenayiloni wokukhuhla. Ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwakhona kokungunda, musa ukuyipura iboraksi. Intlama yokutyula yetyuwa neviniga nayo ingasebenza. Isicoci sesitovu sokubhaka Yenza intlama engqindilili ngamanzi kunye nesoda yokubhaka ukuze ucoce ngayo isitovu sakho sokubhaka esimdaka. Emva koko ke yishiye kangangemizuzu emi-3. Khuhla ngomqamelwana wokutyula wenayiloni. Ukuba isitovu sinqashele ngamafutha, yongeza amathontsana ambalwa esepha yolwelo apha emxubeni. Isinyibiliko samanzi neboraksi (amatispuni ama-2 kwilitha yamanzi) esifefezwe apha eludongeni lwesitovu sokubhaka naso singasebenza kakuhle nje. Sebenzisa istiliwulu esicoleke kakhulu ukususa amachaphaza. Yithi sasa ityuwa kwezi ndawo zichithekelweyo ngeli xesha isitovu sokubhaka siseshushu khon’ ukuze oko kukwenze lula ukusuka kwawo sisakuphola isitovu. Isisusi-mabala kumalaphu Xuba ilungu eli-1 legliserina nelungu eli-1 lolwelo lwesicocisi sokuhlamba izitya zidityaniswe namalungu asi-8 amanzi ze kufakwe kwezo ndawo zinamabala ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Liyeke ilaphu apho kangangemizuzu engama-20 (landise ixesha elo lokulinda kumabala anetshiki) ze uyihlambe into leyo ngokwesiqhelo nezinye impahla. Wugcine lo mxube kwisikhongozeli ezicudisekayo. 28 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA Iimveliso zokucoca izindlu zangasese Zama oku kulandelayo: • • • Faka iblitshi (engenasiseko-mandla seklorin) ngqo ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zokucoca. Isoda yokubhaka neviniga. I-¼ yekomityi (62ml) yeboraksi kwisihlalo sendlu leyo yangasese ze uyishiye iiyure ezimbalwa okanye ubusuku bonke, ze ke emva koko ukhuhle ze ugungxule. Ijusi yelamuni nayo ingadityaniswa ukwenza ivumba elimnandi. Isicoci seefestile neeglasi Sebenzisa amanzi adikidiki anejusi yelamuni (amacephe ama-2 /30ml) okanye iviniga (i-¼ yekomityi/62ml). Kuxube oku ze ukugcine kwibhotile yokufefeza. Ukuthintela izitshabalalisi Iimbovane: Isifefezi esinamandla, ipepile yetshilisi ebomvu, umfuno obabayo ipaprika, inxina eyomisiweyo okanye iboraksi xa iimbovane zingena ekhayeni lakho. Amaphela: Yenza intlama yeboraksi, iflawa neswekile (zonke ezi mazilingane ngezixa) ze ugalele itispuni yeTCP ze usasaze kumgangatho okummandla ozaliswe ngamaphela. Kuphinde oku emva kweentsuku ezine ze uphinde kwakhona emva kweeveki ezimbini. Amanundu: Yoneka iimpahla elangeni ze uzifake kwisikhongozeli okanye kwiqokobhe elingangeni moya (njengesingxobo seplastiki) kunye neepakethana zelavenda okanye ingququ yomsedare. Iintimba: Gxotha iintimba ngokubeka umxube weboraksi, iswekile kunye neviniga ezikhabhathini nasezityesini. Ukuba kuthe kwanyanzeleka ukuba uqhagamshelane neshishini eligxotha izitshabalalisi ukuba lize kugxothela izitshabalalisi endlwini yakho, khangela eyona yenza imisebenzi yayo iyinakekele indalo, ikuthanda okusingqongileyo. Inkampani enjalo iyakuya ngqo kwingxaki yakho yezitshabalalisi kwaye bayakuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi imveliso enobungozi jikelele. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 29 INKUNKUMA Izigxothi zezitshabalalisi zendalo ezigadini nakwizitiya zemifuno Endaweni yokusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane nezibulali –zitshabalalisi egadini yakho, tyala izityalo eziziinkulelane, lususe ngokuluhlakula ukhula ngesandla, ze utshive izityalo zakho ngamanzi anesepha ukunqanda izinambuzane. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukufuna kwakho iimveliso eziqulathe izithako ezinobungozi neziyilimazayo indalo zitshabalalise okusingqongileyo kwaye zibe zingakhuselekanga. Xa utyala imbewu yakho, kungcono xa ‘utyala ngokuxuba’. Ngamanye amazwi oku kuthetha ukuba izithole zakho zetswele zikhule phakathi kweminqatha, eli vumba lixubeneyo liyazixakekisa izitshabalalisi ze likhusele isitiya sakho semifuno ekhulayo ekutyiweni zizitshabalalisi. Ezinye ‘izinqandi’ ezilungileyo ezinokutyalwa phakathi kwemifuno ziquka amahlamvana okunonga anevumba elinamandla okanye izityalo ezifana nesivumba-mpunzi, itswele eliluhlaza neemarigold. Itshayive negalika zigxotha iintwala zemithi ezintyatyambeni. Irozmeri, inxina, inastushemna, iseji kwakunye nebheyizile zonke zisetyenziselwa ukugxotha izinambuzane ezibhabhayo neembovane. 30 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo INKUNKUMA IINKCUKACHA ZOQHAGAMSHELWANO NEZIBONELELO EZIKHOYO IiNkonzo zokuThuthwa ukuCocwa nokuLahlwa kweNkunkuma kwisiXeko saseKapa (siquka iinkcukacha eziphathelele kumaziko ekusiwa kuwo inkunkuma nokubika ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungekho mthethweni: Imibuzo jikelele: 0860 10 30 89. IPhulo LobuLumko beNkunkuma lesiXeko saseKapa: Umnxeba (021) 400 3298/2292 okanye tyelela iwebhu yabo kuwww.wastewise.org.za. INkqubo eBumbeneyo yoNaniselwano ngokusuka eNkunkumeni yaziswe ngokusesikweni sisiXeko saseKapa ngo-Meyi kunyaka ka-2000 ngenjongo zokucutha isixa senkunkuma eyingozi esiwa ezitiphini. Tyelela u-www.capetown.gov.za/ IWEX ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezithe xhaxhe. IZiko loLawulo lweNkunkuma lixhasa ulawulo lwenkunkuma olwamkelekileyo ngokusingqongileyo kwanoluxabisa ngokufanelekileyo ngenjongo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo nokukhusela uMzantsi Afrika kuLawulo lweNkunkuma olugwenxa: www.iwmsa.co.za. ISebe likaZwelonke lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho luyile iincwadi ezilunge kakhulu zokusebenza ngenkunkuma. Icandelo eliphezulu loLawulo lweNkunkuma (012) 310 3911, okanye: www.environment.gov.za. IFairest Cape Association ngumbutho ongenzi nzuzo nongekho phantsi kolawulo lukaRhulumente eNtshona Kapa. Uxhasa indalo nokusiNgqongileyo ngokuphilileyo nokucocekileyo ngokuvumela abantu ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwaye babe nemfanelo ngenkunkuma: (021) 462 2040 okanye tyelela iwebhu yabo u-www.fairestcape.co.za. INatural Step yenza imithetho-siseko yophuhliso olusisigxina ukuba isebenze ngokubonisa isakhelo salo kwimibutho yoluntu. Tyelela u-: www.naturalstep.org/about/international.php#SouthAfrica. Omnye umthombo olungileyo nguLakhani, Muna, Indlela yokwenza Ikhaya eliKhuselekileyo, Phucula iMpilo Yakho nokusiNgqongileyo Kwakho. Iveliswe ngabakwa-Earthlife Africa Toxics Group, Novemba 2002. IZiko eliyi-Institute for Zero Waste in Africa: i-imeyili: [email protected]. IMIBUTHO ERISAYIKILISHAYO KwaSappi Waste Paper (021) 930 7145 KwaNAMPAK Recycling (021) 507 4300 KwaMondi Recycling (021) 931 5106 Kwa-Oil Rose Foundation (021) 448 7492. Kwa-Oasis Recycling and Waste Management Project (021) 671 5570 ETsoga Environmental Centre, Langa (021) 694 0010 KwaFootprints (021) 794 5586 INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 31 INKUNKUMA Abalimi Bezekhaya izitiya zemifuno (021) 447 1256 IKommetjie Environmental Action Group (021) 783 3433 Imibutho yesisa eyamkela ngovuyo iimpahla ukuze izilungise okanye izisebenzise kwakhona Imibutho yesisa emininzi yamkela ngovuyo impahla yokuxhasa amakhaya ahlelelekileyo, okanye enokuthengiswa ukuze kwakhiwe ingxowa-mali yemisebenzi yabo. Iimpahla ezi ziquka iimpahla zokunxiba, ifanitshala, iincwadi, izinto zokudla nezinto zokusebenza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, imibutho le ingenza isicwangciso sokuba iimpahla ezo zilandwe ekhayeni lakho. 32 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-Aids Action (021) 948 7699 ICAFDA (021) 706 2050 ILifeline (021) 696 2100 IRed Cross Abantwana’s Hospital Friends of the Abantwana’s Hospital (021) 658 5243 ISalvation Army (021) 761 8530 I-ENEJI Ifoto: Mark Lewis Ayikwazeki ukubonakala i-Eneji ngeliso lenyama kwaye ayinazimpawu nazinto zibonakalayo. Sibuqonda nje ubukho bayo ngenxa yefuthe layo nezinto ezenzekayo – ubushushu, umbane, amandla – kwaye silibona ixabiso layo ngezinto ezenzayo apha kuthi. Imitha yelanga inika i-eneji kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezigcina ubomi – iguqula izixokelelwano zethu zemozulu, ivelisa ubushushu kwaye ivumela izityalo ukuba zikhule ze zivelise iziqhamo. I-ENEJI Umjikelo we-eneji Umthombo we-eneji oshenxiseka ngokulula (njengomoya, ilanga okanye imithi) uthathwa njengokwaziyo ’ukuhlaziyeka’. Amafutha nepetroli anamajelo anqongopheleyo (nanjengokuba ethatha izigidi ngezigidi zeminyaka ukuze aveliswe phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa nezikhethekileyo), njenge-oyile kwakunye namalahle, ajongwe njengamajelo e-eneji ‘angahlaziyekiyo’. Ukulinganisela i-eneji IiNzululwazi ziyilinganisela i-eneji ngemilinganiselo yemivo ebizwa ngokuba ziijowule eziyimilinganiselo yomsebenzi owenziwa ngumbane ze kubonakaliswe izixa njengeetoni ze-oyile. I-eneji idla ngokuchazwa njengombilini ovumela ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi – isantya i-eneji esetyenziswa ngaso silinganiselwa ngokwewathi (W). Iwathi enye ilingana ne-eneji edliwe ngokwesantya esiyijowule enye ngomzuzwana. Ikilowathi e-1-ngeyure (kWh) li-1 000 leewathi ezisetyenziswe ngeyure Okanye iiwathi ezingama-500 zisetyenziswe ngeeyure ezi-2. Okanye iiwathi ezingama-2 000 zisetyenziswe ngesiqingatha seyure. imegawathi = ne-1 000 000 (isigidi esi-1) zeewathi = ne-1 000 zee-kilowathi. 34 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI ’Imitha yelanga yakudala’ – amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye Uninzi lwamandla ethu lusuka kumafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye – amalahle, igesi kwakunye ne-oyile ekhethekileyo, nezithe kule mihla zangamajelo abaluleke kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Imithombo ye-oyile oluthe ushishino lwethu lwaxhomekeka kuyo ingamashumi ezigidi zeminyaka ubudala, isukela kumalwandle akudala ayenyakazela sisityalo esincinane (esasinokubonwa kuphela zizibonakakhulu) nobomi bezilwanyana zangoko. Zathi zakufa ezi zinto ziphilayo zenza udaka olutyebileyo lweziphili olwahlala emgangathweni wolwandle. Kwizigidigidi zeminyaka, ezi zoleko zacinizelwa zaxinzelelwa yintlenga engaphezu kwazo, nto leyo yazenza zaguquka ngokucothayo zaba sisintsokotho semixube yeehidrojeni nembumba yeekharbon esizazi ngoku ngokuba yi-oyile. Kwangale ndlela inye, amalahle eenzeka ngenxa yehlathi elangcwabekayo ngaphantsi emathunjini omhlaba. Amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye ngokufutshane yi-eneji esuka elangeni – i-eneji yesola – eyagcinwa kwinkqunto yesityalo. Ngamanye amaxesha Amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye abizwa ngokuba ‘yimitha yelanga yamandulo’. Ezinye zezinto esinokucinga ngazo • • • • Ushishino lwethu xa lulonke luxhomekeke kwi-oyile. UMzantsi Afrika awunayo i-oyile yendalo. Le nto isenza ukuba sixhomekeke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ngeli jelo libaluleke kangaka. Le nto ikwathetha ukuba yonke imali esiyichitha e-oyileni iyemka kwisiXeko sethu nakwilizwe lethu. Imithombo yamalahle neye-oyile inesiphelo. Ngenye imini iya kutsha iphele tu ngoko ke kufuneka sizilungiselele oko. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imithombo yamalahle eMzansti Afrika ingagcinakala eminye iminyaka eli-150 ukuya kwengama-200. Imithombo ye-oyile yona kuqikeleleka ukuba iyakutsha iphele kwisithuba seminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ukanti abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba iya kunqaba ngokunqaba imithombo ye-oyile lingekazukufika nokufika kwa-elo xesha, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba lixhome kakhulu ixabiso le-oyile. Itheknoloji eyenzelwe ukusebenzisa amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye ayisebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ubuninzi bepetroli esiyisebenzisayo iguqulwa ibe bubushushu obuyi-eneji (elahlekayo). Ilahleko kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa xa umbane usenziwa naxa uthuthwa ithetha ukuba ngethuba ulayita isibane sakho iya kuba sisi-2% kuphela se-eneji efumaneka emalahleni esebenzileyo. Ukutshisa amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye kukhuphela kwi-atmosfera iigesi ezinobungozi. Oku kungabanga ungcoliseko lwengingqi kwaye kungakhokelela kwizifo zobunzima bokuphefumla nezinye. Kananjalo kusenokuba nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Imbumba ye-Oksijeni ene-athom yeSulfure (SO2) ephuma xa bekutshiswa amalahle inyibilika kumphunga wamanzi, nto leyo yenza i-asidi yemvula. I-asidi yemvula iba nefuthe elibi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana xa ithe yawela emhlabeni. Kungoku nje eyona ntsongelo yomngcipheko wentshabalalo enkulu ziinguqu zemozulu okanye kukufudumala okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi. Ukwanda kokutshiswa kwamafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye kule minyaka ilikhulu idlulileyo kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona zinto zibe negalelo kakhulu kule meko. I-eneji nenguqu kwimozulu Umndilili weqondo lobushushu awutshintshanga ngaphantsi kweqondo elinye ukwenyuka okanye ukwehla kule minyaka ili-10 000 idlulileyo. Kule minyaka ili-100 idlulileyo, umndilili weqondo lobushushu emhlabeni unyuke malunga ne0,5ºC kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni lenyuke nge-2 ukuya kwi-6º ngeSelsiyas kule minyaka ili-100 izayo. Kuqhubeka ntoni kanye kanye? Iigesi zezindlu zohlaza zeglasi zandiswe zizinto ezenziwa ngabantu kule minyaka ili-100 idlulileyo. Obu bubushushu obugcayiseleyo nobungumgibe kwi-atmosfera yethu benza ukufudumala okungamkelekanga kwihlabathi. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 35 I-ENEJI IKharbon dayokhsayidi (CO²) yenye yeegesi ezikwi-atmosfera yethu. Ngo-1999 amanqanaba e-CO² ebephezulu nge32% kunamanqanaba ayekho phambi kwenkqubo yoshishino lwezizwe. Iingcaphephe zeenzululwazi zehlabathi ezikwiQumrhu leziRhulumente eziBambiseneyo ngokuPhathelele kwiiNguqu kwiMozulu (IPCC) zigqibe ekubeni ukwanda kwentlanganisela yeegesi kwi-atmosfera ziziphumo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Ekwandeni kweegesi zendlu yohlaza, kuthiwa ama-60% eKharbon dayokhsayidi akhutshwa xa kutshiswa amafutha ezilwanyana zamandulo ezaba lilitye. Ama-40% la ashiyekileyo yigesi yemethane (CH4) esuka ezitiphini, inaytriyas okside (N2O) esuka kwezolimo neechlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) ezisetyenziswa kwizikhenkcisi nakwiizixhobo ezitshisa ulwelo ngoxinzelelo lomoya. Ukwanda kwezi gesi kubangela ukuba ubushushu bubambeke bujikeleze umhlaba. Uninzi lwe-eneji yoMzansti Afrika lusuka emalahleni. Umgangatho wamalahle oMzantsi Afrika awuxhomanga kuya phi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izixa ezikhulu zeCO² zikhutshelwe kwi-atmosfera xa amalahle athe atshiswa. Umntu ngamnye eMzantsi Afrika ukhupha malunga neetoni ezisi-8 zeCO² unyaka ngamnye. Oku kuphindaphinda kabini umndilili weetoni ezi-4 zeCO² ezikhutshwa ngumntu ngamnye kwihlabathi jikelele. Umndilili wentsalela yamazwe elizwekazi lase-Afrika ukhupha umndilili wetoni e-1,1 yeCO² umntu ngamnye. Umndilili weKharbon ekhutshwa ngumntu ngonyaka Isiphumo sale nto ayingomrhiba nje wokufudumala. Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kushushubeza amalwandle ethu, kuguqula amaza kutshintshe neendlela umoya ohamba ngazo, yonke loo nto ibe nefuthe kwimozulu yethu. Imikhenkce ekumiselwe kuyo incam yezwe sele iqalile ukunyibilika kwaye loo manzi aloo mikhenkce enza ukuba ubunzulu bamalwandle buye bunyukela phezulu nto leyo iya kwenza ukuba iindawo ezomileyo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe ngamanzi, iziqithi ezithile ziya kuphela emehlweni. Nezinye izenzeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu zemozulu ziya kwenzeka. Iinzululwazi eKapa zilindele ukuba izityalo ezikwisikumkani sethu seentyatyambo siya kuphela njengokuba kubakho imbalela kummandla lo. Iintlekele zendalo ezinjengemililo yamadlelo nezikhukhula kulindeleke ukuba zande ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe zikhulu. Uphando olwenziwa kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa lubonisa ukuba iqondo elinye obuya konyuka ngalo ubushushu – ekulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo – mhlawumbi kungakhokelela ekwenyukeni kweziganeko zemililo nge-29%. Ngokubanzi iKapa liya koma kubalele, nto leyo eyakwenza kulandele ukunqongophala kwamanzi. Ukuphazamiseka kolimo kuya kubanga ukufudukela okongezekileyo kwabantu ezidolophini, nto leyo eya kongeza uxinzelelo kubukho bemithombo yokutya. Iinkqwithela nezikhukhula, xa zithe zenzeka, ziya kuba nobungozi, zenze umonakalo omkhulu kudyudyuze neemvula ezingaphaya. Izimbo ezitsha zemozulu ziya kwenza ukusasazeka kwezifo, izigulo ezinxulumene nobushushu kwakunye nezigulo zokuphefumla. Iziphili ezincinane kakhulu ezisulelayo nezisasazeka emanzini nasekutyeni ziya kwanda. Kulindeleke ukuba imalariya isasazeke kakhulu kulo lonke ilizwe lethu. 36 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI I-eneji nokungcoliseka komoya kwingingqi yethu Ukutshiswa kwamafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye akupheleli nje ekusichaphazeleni ngokuphathelele kwinguquko zemozulu kwihlabathi. Ungcoliseko lomoya lwengingqi olubangwa kukutshiswa kwamafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye kukwanegalelo elibi kwimpilo yethu nakokusingqongileyo. Ungcoliseko lomoya kwingingqi yethu luyingozi kakhulu, ingakumbi ebantwaneni nasebantwini abadala okanye abakhokhobayo. Abantwana abaya esikolweni behamba ecaleni kweendlela ezixakekileyo bakhathazwa kukunuka komsi okhutshwa ziimoto kwaye abo kumawabo kusetyenziswa iparafini, amalahle neenkuni xa kuphekiwe okanye kubaselwe ukuzifudumeza emakhaya, baya kuchaphazeleka lolu ngcoliseko lomoya lwasezindlwini. Inkungu emdaka yaseKapa ibangelwa ngumsi ophuma kwii-ekzozo zeemoto zethu. Ezi gesi zijika zibe mdaka xa zidibene nelanga. Ifoto: Tamara North IProjekthi yoLawulo lokuLunga koMoya kwakunye nesiCwangcisoqhinga sokujongana noNgcoliseko loMoya eKhayelitsha (KAPS) UmThetho wobuLunga boMoya (ka-2005) ukhusela ilungelo lethu lokubanokusiNgqongileyo okucocekileyo nokuphilileyo. Umthetho lo ufuna ukuba isiXeko sakhe iQhinga loLawulo lobuLunga boMoya (AQMP), nethe idrafti yoku yapapashwa ngoMeyi ka-2005 ukuze uluntu lube nokwenza amagqabantshintshi. Eyona projekthi ibalulekileyo yesiXeko yeyesiCwangciso-qhinga soNgcoliseko loMoya eKhayelitsha(KAPS). Iziphumo zokuphononongwa kwamaqondo eparticulate (PM10) eKhayelitsha ngonyaka ka-2004 zibonakalise ukuba ezi mpawu eKhayelitsha zingama-90% ngaphezulu kombindi wedolophu kwaye zingama-70% ngaphezulu kwaseGoodwood. Ngeenjongo zokuphendulana nolo celo-mngeni lala maqondo e-PM10 aphezulu afunyenweyo, isiXeko saseKapa sigqibe ekubeni siseke iKAPS. Iinjongo zale projekthi kukufumanisa owona mthombo uphambili wee-PM10 ze kwenziwe umsebenzi wophando lomalathisi-ndlela ukuze kucuthwe amaqondo ongcoliseko-moya eKhayelitsha. Iprojekthi le iya kuhlola amashishini namakhaya angama-600. Abantu basekuhlaleni ngabo abaza kuqeqeshelwa ukwenza olo phando babale nezithuthi ezindleleni. Iziphumo zophando ziya kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa indlela yokusebenzisa iqhinga eli gabalala ukuze kucuthwe ungcoliseko moya kwimimandla enamatyotyombe. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 37 I-ENEJI Ifoto: Mark Lewis I-ENEJI KWISIXEKO SETHU IKapa lizingenisela udumo lokwaziwa njengesixeko esithatha amanyathelo agqibeleleyo kwanokuhlahla indlela ngemakwenziwe ngophuhliso olusisigxina lwe-eneji. IsiXeko saseKapa ibe sisixeko sokuqala sase-Afrika ukwakha isiCwangciso-qhinga sokuGuquka kweMozulu ne-Eneji (ngo-2005). Esi sicwangciso sisekela uluntu lwesiXeko umbono wokuhanjiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-eneji esisigxina nehambisana ngokufanelekileyo nangokuphilileyo nokusingqongileyo. Isicwangciso esi sisekele icandelo elingundoqo lezothutho, unikezelo-mbane, abahlali, urhulumente norhwebo kwakunye noshishino izinto ekujoliswe kuzo ezinokubalwa ngokucacileyo. Izinto eziphambili ekujoliswe kuzo sisiCwangciso-qhinga seKapa sokuGuquka kweMozulu ne-Eneji • • • • 38 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo i-10% lawo onke amakhaya ayakuba enezifudumeze-manzi zesola (SWH) ngonyaka ka-2010 ama-30% awo onke amakhaya ayakuba esebenzisa izibane ezibengezelayo ezibumbeneyo (CFLs) ngonyaka ka-2010 ze ibe ngama-90% amakhaya ngonyaka ka-2020 Zonke izindlu ezifumaneke ngokoncedo-mali lukarhulumente ziyakuba zisilingiwe ngonyaka ka-2005 I-eneji ehlaziyekayo iya kuquka i-10% yayo yonke i-eneji esetyenzisiweyo sisiXeko ngonyaka ka-2020 I-ENEJI Ingaba isukaphi i-eneji yethu? Kumathuba amaninzi imijelo yokufumana amafutha eKapa mide ngohlobo olungathethekiyo. I-oli ekrwada iziswa apha ngeenqanawa, ihamba umgama okwisithuba se-10 000 km ngobude, ikakhulu isuka eMiddle East. Impontshelwa elunxwemeni eSaldanha Bay, ndawo leyo ekumgama we-120 km ngasentla kweKapa, ze ke ihanjiswe ngemibhobho ukusiwa kumzi wokucokisa okumgama we-15 km ukusuka embindini wesixeko, kwaCaltex eMilnerton. Ukusuka kulo mzi wokucokisa, kukhutshwa iindidi zamafutha alulwelo – ipetroli, idizili, iparafini nerhasi – zisiwe kwiidepho ezithatha izambuku nakubasasazi abancinane. I-eneji yombane itsalwa kwisixokelelwano seentambo zikazwelonke zentsimbi ezizisa umbane – ama-95% aloo mbane uveliswa ecaleni kwemigodi yamalahle eMpumalanga, ze i-5% yona iveliswe eKoeberg Nuclear Power Station, ezinze eWest Coast, kumgama wama-45 km ngentla kombindi wedolophu. Umbane usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngesixokelelwano seentambo zombane sika-Eskom ze ekugqibeleni usasazelwe kwimizi-mveliso, kumashishini ngamashishini nasemakhaya, ukhutshwa ngqo ngu-Eskom okanye sisiXeko esineempepha-mvume zokusasaza umbane. Ilahleko ye-eneji ebalulekileyo (ingade iye kuma kwi-15% ukuya kuma-20%) yenzeka ngethuba lenkqubo yokusasazwa nokugqithiselwa kombane. Ukugqithiselwa kombane ukusuka kwiziko lombane ukuya emakhaya Iparafini, igesi, ipetroli nedizili zonke zenziwa nge-oli ecokisiweyo. Amakhandlela enziwa ngamafutha (isiveliso esilisolotya se-oli). Isitokhwe samalahle sona sihanjiswa ngololiwe ukusuka kumajelo kazwelonke. Asuka eMpumalanga ixesha elininzi ehamba umgama omalunga ne-1 500km. Uninzi lwe-eneji esiyisebenzisayo njengepetroli, iparafini negesi inikezelwa kuthi kusetyenziswa iinkampani zabucala nabathengisi abathengisa ngemiyinge . Urhulumente kazwelonke uyawalawula amaxabiso ekuthengiswa ngawo la mafutha. Umgaqo siseko umisele into yokuba luxanduva lwesiXeko ukufaka nokwahlula umbane negesi. Umbane Okwalo mzuzu umbane waseKapa unikezwa isiXeko ngu-ESKOM. U-Eskom unikezela ngqo kubathengi, ngokugunyaziswa sisixeko, malunga nama-25% ombane. Oshiyekileyo umbane unikwa isiXeko saseKapa siwusasaze ngesaso isixokelelwano. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 39 I-ENEJI ’IREDS: Ukusasazwa koMbane eNgingqini Uwiso-mthetho luphunyeziwe ukuze kusekwe Abasasazi beNgingqi Bombane (iREDs), kujoliswe ekuhlanganiseni abasasazi abaninzi abanamaphepha-mvume ukuze benze isixokelelwano sabasasazi esisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nesabelana kakuhle nangokulinganayo ngenzuzo. Okwangoku kukho malunga nama-200 abasasazi abasemthethweni abasebenzisa izintlu ezahlukeneyo zamaxabiso angaphezulu kwama-2 000. Ukunqongophala kwengcaciso ngokwasemthethweni ngokuphathelele kunxulumano phakathi kweREDs kwakunye nooMasipala, ngakumbi ngokuphathelele nemfanelo kaMasipala ngokomgaqo-siseko yokuba umasipala asasaze umbane kubambezele ukwakhiwa kweREDs esebenza ngokufezekileyo. Kodwa ke urhulumente kazwelonke uzibophelele kwinkqubo yeREDs kwaye unethemba lokuba iinzima ngokomthetho ziza kusonjululwa. IREDs ibonakala ngathi iveza amathuba okukhuthaza isithethe esitsha sokunikezelwa kweenkonzo ze-eneji – ikhuthaza ukunikezwa ngegesi, i-eneji ehlaziyekayo, uveliso oluncinci lombane kwakunye nezifudumezi-manzi zesola ezihambisana neendlela zakudala zokusasazwa kombane. Umbane olijelo elihlaziyekayo – ifama iDarling wind Kananjalo icandelo lokwakha ngokutsha umbane lenze kwakwazeka ukuveliswa kombane ngaBavelisi Bamandla Abazimeleyo. IDarling ezinze malunga nama-70 km ngasentla kweKapa linxiwa lokuqala lefama yoshishino enephiko lomsinga womoya lokwenza i-eneji eMzantsi Afrika. Le fama iza kuphuhliswa kwiqela lezigaba, isigaba sokuqala kukukhupha isixa se- 5,2MW kwiinjini zomsinga womoya ezine ze-1,3MW. Ekugqibeleni iyakukhupha isixa se-13MW kwiinjini zomsinga womoya ze-1,3MW. Iprojekthi le kubonakele ukuba inokusebenza ngokorhwebo ekubeni kuye kwathi ngokwamkelekayo kwafikelelwa kwisiGqibo sokuThengwa kwAmandla (PPA) phakathi komphuhlisi kwakunye nesiXeko saseKapa. Isixeko siza kuhlawula umrhumo ukuthenga umbane ohlaziyekayo, njengenxalenye yokuzibophelela kwesiXeko ekufikeleleni kwinto esijolise kuyo yokuba ne-10% ye-eneji ehlaziyekayo ngonyaka ka-2020. IsiXeko sizimisele ukuthengisela umbane otsalwa kwindalo abathengi abasiqondayo isidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo angawo ngokuphathelene nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ifoto: Mark Lewis Isigaba so-1 seDarling kukushenxisa i-13,2 GWh lokuveliswa kombane obaselwe ngamalahle nyaka ngamnye – nto leyo eya kuthoba uxinzelelo kwisixokelelwano sethu sikazwelonke kwanokucutha ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Izingcolisi eziyakuphetshwa kwanamajelo ayakongiwa kwixesha xa lilonke leprojekthi le ziquka: • • • • • 40 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo ukukhutshwa kweetoni ezingama-258 192 zeKharbon dayokhsayidi iitoni ezili-2 234 zesalfa dayokhsayidi iitoni ezingama-1 111,4 zenitrik oksayidi iitoni eziyi-58 zeeparticulate iitoni ezili-142 560 zamalahle I-ENEJI • • iitoni eziyi-42 240 zengququ yeentsimbi kwakunye nothuthu oluphephethekayo iilitha ezingama-369,6 yezigidi zamanzi Umbane ‘otsalwa kwimithombo yendalo’ uya kuthengiswa ngokomrhumo kwaye uza kudinga inkxaso yabemi abazikhathazayo nabezoshishino. Imibuzo ephathelele ekuthengweni kombane otsalwa kwindalo ingabhekiswa kuMphathi weGreen Energy Project, Inkonzo zoMbane, IsiXeko saseKapa, PO Box 82, Cape Town 8000 okanye ngomnxeba ku-(021) 446 2015. Kananjalo imibuzo ingathunyelwa ku- [email protected]. Umbane wamandla enyukliya Isi-5% somxube wesizwe wombane wethu uvela kwiziko lamandla enyukliya loMzantsi Afrika ekukuphela kwalo, iKoeberg esecaleni kweKapa. Urhulumente no-Eskom bajonge ukuphuhlisa nangakumbi umthamo wenyukliya ngokuphuhliswa kwetheknoloji yeengqalutye ipebble-bed. Amaxhala amakhulu angokuguquka kwemozulu okubangwa yintlanganisela yeKharbon dayokhsayidi kwi-atmosfera (nalapho ukuveliswa kombane obaselwa ngamalahle ingunobangela omkhulu) abangele ukuba abanye abantu bakholelwe ukuba amandla enyukliya angasisisombululo sethutyana esibalulekileyo. Ukungxamiseka kwesidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo angqingqwa ukuthibaza ukukhutshwa kweKharbon kuyinene enkulu. Kodwa ke abanye basakhathazekile kakhulu malunga neengozi zenkunkuma yenyukliya kwaye abasiginyi ncam isimo oluya kuba kuso ushishino xa kuthe kwakhethwa olu hlobo lwe-eneji. Kumawaka-waka ale minyaka yenyukliya, ‘inqanaba elisezantsi’ lenkunkuma yenyukliya liseyityhefu eyingozi kakhulu, lo gama kungekho nenye indawo ehlabathini ekugunyazisayo ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya ‘ekwinqanaba eliphezulu’ – nkunkuma leyo inokuba namandla okutshabalalisa ngokuqhushumba emva kweminyalka engaphaya kwe-100 000+ ikhona. Inkunkuma ‘ekwinqanaba elisezantsi’ yaseKoeberg ingcwatywe emathunjini omhlaba eVaalputs eNamaqualand. Yona inkunkuma ‘ekwinqanaba eliphezulu’ isahleli elugcinweni kweli ziko laseKoeberg. Amalahle abaselwa ngomlilo kwakunye netheknoloji yenyukliya zisekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwamajelo aphelayo (amalahle neyuranium) kwaye zinxulunyaniswa nobungozi obudlululileyo kokusingqongileyo. Izisombululo zexesha elide ze-eneji kufuneka zijonge ekuphuhlisweni kweetheknoloji zemithombo ye-eneji ezicocekileyo nezihlaziyekayo. Ukusuka kwiintambo zamandla ombane ukuya ekhaya Amakhaya amaninzi eKapa afumana umbane kwisixokelelwano seentambo zentsimbi ezizisa umbane. Zibini izixokelelwano zokuhlawulela umbane. Ngokwendlela endala, eyiyinkqubo yeemeta zesikweliti, unikwa umbane inyanga yonke ze ufumane i-akhawunti yaloo mbane ngempela-nyanga, ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bombane owusebenzisileyo. Inkqubo yemeta ehlawulelwa ngenxeni engaphambili ifuna ukuba uthenge umbane kwasekuqaleni – le nto iyafana ne-airtime oyithengayo phambi kokuba utsale umnxeba kwiselula yakho. Ixabiso lombane lilawulwa nguMlawuli woMbane kaZwelonke eMzantsi Afrika (NERSA). Ngeenjongo zokucutha intlupheko, urhulumente wenze isibonelelo sesixa sombane esingama-50 kWh esithi sinikwe simahla loo makhaya asebenzisa umbane omncinci. EKapa, umbane wentsusa wasimahla (FBE) unikwa naliphi na ikhaya elithenga umyinge wombane wama-400 kWh ngenyanga. Ifoto: Mark Lewis INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 41 I-ENEJI Ngokomthetho akuvumelekanga ukutshintsha iintambo okanye ukuphazamisana nokusebenza kwebhokisi yombane. Le nto ingakhokelela ekucinyelweni umbane ze uhlawuliswe imali yokuphinda ufakelwe umbane. Okwangoku kwabaqalayo ukona le ntlawulo imalunga nama-R2 000 apho kuye kwaphazanyiswa ukusebenza kwebhokisi yombane kwaze kwafuneka ukuba makuphinde kufakwe enye ibhokisi, ukanti xa kuthe kwenziwa ukuba ibhokisi mayingabali, kodwa ibe ingonakaliswanga, intlawulo imalunga ne-R1 000. Ukunyikinyela, uphazamisana nokusebenza kwebhokisi yakho yombane kukwayingozi enkulu kwaye ungakubhabhisa nombane okanye wenzeke umlilo okanye uzenze zombini ezi zinto.zombini ezi zinto. Ukuqonda i-akhawunti yakho yombane Imali nesixa sombane owusebenzisa kwinyanga nganye kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 sisetyenziselwa ukubala umyinge wokusebenzisa kwakho umbane ngenyanga. IsiXeko sazi ngale nto ukuba usebenzisa umbane omninzi okanye omncinci ummo wakho. Amaxabiso ombane ayaphononongwa ze andiswe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi minyaka le. Amaxabiso ombane abizwa sisiXeko alawulwa nguMlawuli we-Eneji kaZwelonke eMzansti Afrika. Njengoko u-Eskom efuna ukuhlaziya amaziko amandla ombane ukuze aphinde asebenze kwaye ukwafuna nokwakha nezinye iindawo zokuvelisa umbane, kulindeleke ukuba amaxabiso ombane axhume kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo eMzantsi Afrika kule minyaka imbalwa izayo. Owasekhaya 1 (abasebenzisa umbane omninzi): Ukuba ikhaya lakho lithenga umbane ongaphezulu kwama-600 kWh ngenyanga, uya kuhlawuliswa umrhumo wosuku we-R2,39. Le nto yenzeka nokuba umbane usetyenzisiwe okanye awusetyenziswanga. Ngaphezulu, i-kWh nganye ethengiweyo (intlawulo ye-eneji) iya kukutya iisenti ezingama-36,72 xa kudityaniswe nerhafu-ntengo (VAT). Owasekhaya 2 (abasebenzisa umbane omncinane): Ukuba ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa umbane ongaphantsi kwe-600 kWh ngenyanga, awusayi kuhlawuliswa umrhumo wosuku, uya kuhlawula nje intlawulo ye-eneji equka imadlana encinci engumrhumo wenkonzo eyakhelwe apha kweli xabiso. I-kWh nganye oyisebenzisileyo iya kuxabisa ama-48,94 eesenti xa kudityaniswe nerhafu-ntengo (VAT). Nakubeni nje eli xabiso likhangeleka lingaphezulu kwelabantu abasebenzisa umbane omninzi, enyanisweni akunjalo kuba akudityaniswanga namrhumo wosuku apha. Ukuba ikhaya lakho lithenga umyinge wama-400kWh nangaphantsi ombane ngenyanga, uya kufumana ama-50 kWh simahla, kanye ngenyanga. 42 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo isibonelelo sasimahla sombane wentsusa iiyunithi ezithengiweyo usebenzisa umbane omncinci: umlinganiselo wekhaya 2 isixa-mali seyunithi ezithengiweyo amanani okufaka umbane umbane uthengwe esuphamakethe, evenkileni yengingqi, esikroxweni, eposini (Iireyithi ezikowutiweyo zesesithuba esisuka kuJulayi 2007ukuya kuJuni 2008) I-ENEJI Imitha yombane wesikweliti isixa sombane osetyenzisiweyo (umyinge ngosuku) ukusetyenziswa kombane kwiintsuku ezibhalwe kwimitha isixa esityalwayo sombane iinkcukacha zemitha zithathwe ngesithathi-zinkcukacha zemitha 14% VAT umlinganiselo womrhumo wekhaya usebenzisa umbane omninzi – umlinganiselo wekhaya 1 • ama-450 kWh/ngenyanga uhlawulela inkonzo yama-R38,40/ngenyanga. • i-R0,2919/kWh yeyombane osetyenzisiweyo Iphepha-ntlawulo lemitha esezihlawulelwe lesiXeko saseKapa Ukuze ufumane umbane wakho wasimahla ongama-50 kWh, kufuneka uye kwindawo ethengisela umbane, uwufune khona. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uthenge umbane ukuze ufumane lo wasimahla uwabelweyo.Kodwa ke, lo mbane wabiwe ngokwendlela ‘kayisebenzise okanye uphulukana nayo’. Umndilili wekhaya elinengeniso ephakathi eKapa usebenzisa malunga nama-774 kWh/ngenyanga. Umndilili wekhaya elinengeniso esezantsi usebenzisa ama-369 kWh/ngenyanga. Yinyaniso kakade ukuba ubungakanani bombane osetyenziswa likhaya lakho buxhomekeke kakhulu kwinani labantu abahlala kweli khaya, ingaba unayo na igiza yombane okanye hayi, kwakunye nenani lezinto zombane ozisebenzisayo ekhaya. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 43 I-ENEJI Ukuthenga umbane Ukuba unebhokisi yombane ohlawulelwa ngenx’ engaphambili endlwini yakho, umbane ungawuthenga nakweyiphi na ivenkile, isikroxo nditsho nakweyiphi na irenke apha esiXekweni. Xa usiya kuthenga umbane, phatha ikhadi lakho lombane okanye amaphepha-ntengo akho adlulileyo ombane anenombolo yebhokisi yombane yakho. Ukuba ungumthengi-ngqo ku-ESKOM, uyakusebenzisa kwale nkqubo, kodwa umahluko nje ngowokuba kufuneka uthenge kuphela kwiindawo zakwa-Eskom nazo ezifumanekayo ezivenkileni, ezikroxweni nasezirenkini kwiindawo u-Eskom asebenza kuzo. Ukuba ufuna uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendawo ezithengisa umbane, tyelela u-www.capetown.gov.za ze ucofe inkomba ethi, ‘Electricity’. Umbane ungathengwa kwi-intanethi kusetyenziswe amakhadi ebhanki esikweliti okanye ngeselula. Ukuze ezi ndlela zimbini zisebenze, kufuneka ubhalise kwiwebhu efanelekileyo: Ukuba uphansti kwePeninsula, tyelela u-: www.energy.co.za Ukuba uphantsi kweTygerberg, tyelela u-: www.ipay.co.za Ukuba uphantsi kweHelderberg/ Oostenberg tyelela u-: www.ibuy.co.za Loo makhaya ahlawula umbane ngokwenkqubo yesikweliti, aya kufumana i-akhawunti eposini kwinyanga nganye. Le akhawunti nayo ingahlawulwa nge-intanethi, eposini kwakunye neevenkile ezikhethiweyo. Amafutha alulwelo Ipetroli nedizili zithengiswa ziinkampani ze-oli ezigaraji. IsiXeko saseKapa sinyanzelisa umthetho ongqongqo wokukhethelwa kwegaraji umhlaba kwaneemfuneko zokhuseleko xa kuza kwakhiwa igaraji. Amaxabiso epetroli nawedizili alawulwa de kuye kuma kwixabiso elinikwa umthengi ngunovenkile, apho athi urhulumente anike abasemagunyeni kwisithili ngasinye elona xabiso liphezulu livumelekileyo lokuthengisa. Iparafini yona ayilawulwa ngqongqo njengepetroli nedizili ngokuphathelele ekusasazweni kwayo, kwaye yona ikhokelwa kakhulu yinkqubo yentengiso yayo. Iparafini isasazwa ukusuka kwiindawo ezicokisayo iye kwiidepho zeenkampani ze-oyile ezithenga ngokwezambuku, ihanjiswa ngendleka kakhulu. Emva koko ke ithi isasazwe kwiivenkilana ezincinci kuso sonke isiXeko esi. Urhulumente ilawula ixabiso lehoseyile kuphela leparafini ze emva koko acebise ngexabiso elinokusetyenziswa ngoonovenkile, eliquka ama-33% anokongezwa ngaphezulu kwexabiso lehoseyile. Amaxabiso angehluka kakhulu. Ngonyaka ka-2003 urhulumente uye wayisusa iVAT kwiparafini, nto leyo eye yanciphisa ixabiso leparafini nge-14%. Kodwa ke kukho izikrokro zokuba esi sibonelelo asifikeleli kubathengi. Ifoto: Mark Lewis Irhasi/ igesi(LPG) ihanjiswa ukusuka kwindawo yokucokisa eMilnerton isiwe kubasasazi abakhulu ze ke emva koko iye kubasasazi abaphakathi. Isixokelelwano sokusasazwa kweLPG sikude le ngokuphuhla xa sithelekiswa neseparafini, mhlawumbi kuba kufuneka ubugoci-goci obuthile bokhuseleko phambi kokuba kumiswe umzi werhasi. Kananjalo uthutho lwamatanki eLPG luyabasokolisa abathengi. Okwangoku akukho lulawulo lwexabiso lweLPG. Ijeli ye-ethanol yijeli eluhlaza engamafutha okulayita neyenziwe kwizityalo ezinjengeswekile nombona. Ingasetyenziswa ekuphekeni endaweni yeparafini. Nanjengoko ingenakuchitheka, ubungozi bayo abufani 44 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI nobeparafini. Kananjalo ayingcolisi kakhulu. Nakubeni nje la mafutha engekabikho eKapa, urhulumente uyawaxhasa kwaye kufanele ukuba ibe nokufumaneka kungekudala. Amalahle neenkuni Amalahle akanamthetho ungqingqwa athengiswa ngawo yaye athengiswa ngosomashishini abazimeleyo. Ngenxa yokuba kude kwemigodi, umbane wamalahle uxabisa kakhulu yaye usetyenziswa kancinci eKapa. Iinkuni kwamanye amakhaya zisetyenziselwa ukupheka nokotha okanye zisetyenziselwe imisetyenzana ethile njengokoja inyama nokupheka utywala. Ezinye iinkuni zigawulwa nje kumahlathana emithi engingqi. IKapa liphonononga uMthetho kaMasipala wesiFudumezi-manzi seSola Isifudumezi-manzi sesola sisebenzisa ubushushu belanga ukufudumeza amanzi, nto leyo ethi inciphise ngokungathethekiyo imfuneko yombane (jonga Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo apha ngezantsi). IsiXeko saseKapa silandelisa isiCwangciso-qhinga se-Eneji neNguquko yeMozulu (2005) ngoMthetho kaMasipala sesiFudumezi-manzi seSola (SWH). Ukuba lo mthetho upasisiwe, isiXeko siya kuba sisixeko sokuqala eMzantsi Afrika, sibe sesinye sezixeko ezimbalwa eziphambili ehlabathini ukuqondisa ulawulo lwe-eneji yommandla ngomThetho kaMasipala wesiFudumezimanzi seSola. Idrafti yomThetho kaMasipala wesiXeko saseKapa ufuna ukuba zonke izakhiwo ezitsha apha esiXekweni, kwakunye nazo zonke izakhiwo ezixonyezelelwa kwizakhiwo esele zikhona, ezizakufuna amanzi ashushu, zisebenzise izixokelelwano zezifudumezi-manzi zesola. Ukanti umthetho lo uyazixolela ezo zindlu zingasayi kuzilungela izixokelelwano ezilolo hlobo – ngenxa yezizathu zobume okanye iimbali zesakhiwo eso. Umthetho kamasipala lo awenzelwa ukuba mawufake nabani na ebunzimeni, kwaye ukuba ixabiso lesifudumezi-manzi sesola lingaphezulu kwe-5% yexabiso lokwakhiwa kwendlu le xa lilonke, isakhiwo eso kufanelekile ukuba sixoleleke. Ukuwiswa komthetho kamasipala linyathelo lokuqala. Ukwenza ukuba umthetho kamasipala uphumelele, ngokwezinto ojoliswe kuzo, ngowona mceli-mngeni lowo. Eyona nto iphambili ifunekayo kule nto kukuqinisekisa ukuba isiseko esisebenza ngokukuko sikhona kwaye siya kuqinisekisa ababandakanyekayo ukuba izifudumezimanzi zesola zizakusebenza ngokobuxhakaxhaka bazo, ifuthe nokongiwa okulindelekileyo kwe-eneji ngophuhliso nokusingqongileyo kuya kuphunyezwa ngohlobo ekubekwe ngalo kumthetho kaMasipala. Uthutho kwisiXeko sethu EKapa, nanjengazo zonke izixeko zoMzantsi Afrika, abantu bahlala ngokuthe saa kwaye nemithetho yobandlululo yenza ukuba abantu bahlale kude kuneendawo abasebenza kuzo, nto leyo yenza ukuba abantu bahambe imigama emide ngezinto ezikhwelwayo mihla le. Izithuthi zikawonke-wonke lolona hlobo lothutho lusetyenziswa kakhulu eKapa. Phakathi konyaka ka-1990 noka-2000 ubunini-zithuthi buye banda ngama-45% eKapa. Ngaphaya kwesiqingatha se-eneji esetyenziswayo eKapa, isetyenziswa kuthutho lwabantu. Uthutho lelona candelo livelisa i-CO² eninzi kakhulu ebangela ukuguquka kwemozulu. Kananjalo ukutsha kwepetroli nedizili kunegalelo elingathethekiyo lokukhutshwa kwenitrojeni nesalfa esixekweni. Amasuntswana enitrik okside enza inkungu emdaka ebonakala gca phezu kweKapa kwiintsuku ekungekho moya ngazo. Urhulumente kazwelonke uyila ukucoca amafutha ethu ezithuthi esebenzisa isicwangciso-qhinga sokukhutshwa komsi zizithuthi seSebe lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho. Ilothe yashenxiswa ngokwezigaba ngonyaka ka-2006. Iziguquli ezibumbanisa iziqalelo zemichiza ziza kufakelwa kuzo zonke izithuthi ezitsha (ezisuka phesheya kwanezo zenziwa kweli) ngonyaka ka-2008. Kodwa ke, izithuthi ezidala zisesezindleleni zethu. Nakubeni INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 45 I-ENEJI nje kusenziwa izinto ukuphucula amafutha ethu ezithuthi, iityhefu eziyingozi zisekho kula mafutha kwaye zikhathazisa ngempilo abo bahlala kufutshane neendlela ezixakekileyo. Ukucuthwa kwamafutha asetyenziswayo iseyeyona nto ibalulekileyo emakujoliswe kuyo. IGunya lezoThutho kwisiXeko esiliKomkhulu lasungulwa ngonyaka ka-1998/9 laza ke iqela lemisebenzi yezothutho lanikelwa kwisiXeko ukuba siyilawule, kodwa ke ilungelo lothutho ngololiwe lisengumsebenzi worhulumente kazwelonke. Iphondo kwakunye nesiXeko saseKapa bakwinkqubo yokwakha ngokutsha ukusebenza kothutho lukawonkewonke. Nanjengoko ulawulo lweenkonzo zothutho ngololiwe lungekho phantsi kwalamagunya olawulo, icala abajonge kulo zizithuthi ezihamba ngendlela. Iqela leeprojekthi zeebhayisikili kwakunye namalungiselelo agxile kubahambi ngeenyawo ayaxhaswa sisixeko. Kananjalo isiXeko sinamanyathelo esiwathabathayo ukulawula izimbo zophuhliso nokukhula kweedolophu ukwenzela ukucutha umgama ophakathi kweendawo zokuhlala neendawo zengqesho. Ifoto: Mark Lewis 46 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo NguMetrorail onikeza iinkonzo zabahambi ngololiwe eKapa. UGolden Arrow Bus Services nguye yedwa ojongene nenkonzo yokuhambisa abantu ngeebhasi ezihamba ngamaxesha athile eKapa. Iiteksi zona zizisebenzela nganye okanye ibe lishishinana elincinci kwaye kufuneka ukuba zisebenze ngokwamaphephamvume athi akhutshwe liBhunga leNgingqi lezoThutho ngeNdlela (maphepha lawo azakwenziwa amaphepha-mvume aqinisekisiweyo ngokomthetho njengenxalenye yenkqubo karhulumente yokwakha inkqubo yeeteksi ngokutsha). Iiteksi zisebenzisa iirenke ezimalunga nama-80 ezisesikweni nezinye iindawo ezimalunga ne-100. Kukho iinkonzo ezincedisayo kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, iinkonzo ezithatha abantu zibasondeze kwiindlela ezitenxileyo ezindleleni ezinde nezimxinwa apho abantu bathathwa bothulwe kwizitalato ezixakekileyo. Inkqubo karhulumente yokwakhiwa ngokutsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo iiteksi ijoliswe ekuphunguleni ukuxinaniswa kwabantu kwanokuphungula inani lezithuthi ezindleleni. I-ENEJI AMANDLA KWIKHAYA LAKHO Ifoto: Mark Lewis Ingxelo ngesiMo saMandla eKapa ibonisa ukuba amakhaya asebenzisa i-15% yawo onke amandla asetyenziswa eKapa ne-38% yawo wonke umbane osetyenziswayo. Izibaso ezilulwelo kwezothutho zisisiqingatha sawo onke amandla asetyenziswayo eKapa. Amandla atya imali eninzi kumakhaya amaninzi asokolayo aseKapa – kumaxa amaninzi ade afikelele naphakathi kwe-15% nama-25% yomvuzo wekhaya. Phantse onke amakhaya eKapa anombaone ngoku. Abantu abaninzi basasebenzisa iparafini ekuphekeni nasekuzigcineni befudume nanjengoko bengenakho ukuthenga izixhobo zombane ezitsha okanye ukuhlawula umbane. Iparafini ingathengwa yona ibe ncinci okanye ibolekwe kubamelwane, okanye ithenge ngetyala kwizikroxo xasekuhlaleni xa imali isasokoleka. Nangona iinkuni zokubasa zinokuthezwa simahla ematyholweni azimeleyo, oku kungatya ixesha kwaye kunganobungozi. Kukho nengozi yokwenzakalisa okusingqongileyo ngenxa yokugawula okugqithisileyo. Imililo yamatyotyombe, umoya ongekho mgangathweni kumakhaya asokolayo, ixesha elichithwayo kuthezwa iinkuni zokubasa kunye nobungozi bokusela iparafini zezinye zeengxaki abantu baseKapa abasokolayo abajongene nazo. Amakhaya amkela imivuzo ekumyinge ophakathi nophezulu asebenzisa amandla ngokuphindwe kabini kunamakhaya amkela imivuzo ephantsi eKapa kwaye ngenxa yokusebenzisa umbane kakhulu (izibaso ezikhupha izilahle okanye ikharboni) bakhupha izilahle okanye ikharboni ezingangokuphindwe kathathu. Njengoko amaxabiso ombane eMzantsi Afrika esezantsi kakhulu, iindleko zombane kumakhaya amkela imivuzo ephakathi nephezulu zimalunga ne3% ukuya kwi-5% yomvuzo wawo, okuthetha ukuba akukho mbuyekezo ingako ngokwezimali ekulondolozeni imali ngokusebenzisa umbane ngobulumko. Kodwa amaxabiso ombane aza kunyuka. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 47 I-ENEJI Ukwazi ubungakanani bamandla asetyenziswa likhaya lakho – nokuba asetyenziselwa ntoni – kungakunceda ukuba uzazi izinto omawuzikhokelise uziphucule osebenzisa kuzo umbane kwikhaya lakho. Oku kuza kunceda ukuba wonge imali, uphucule impilo nokhuseleko kwikhaya lakho nokusingqongileyo kwakhona kuhambelane nemimiselo yamandla yesiXeko sethu. Amakhaya angonga ama-20% ukuya kuma-30% ombane awusebenzisayo – kumaxa amaninzi engachithanga mali okanye echithe encinci. Amaziko ombane asebenzisa iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi ngeyunithi nganye yombane (1 kWh) eveliswayo. Ukonga umbane konga amanzi! Ukwanezisa iimfuno zamandla kusebenzisa i-15% ukuya kuma-25% yemivuzo yamakhaya asokolayo, kodwa nje malunga ne-2% ukuya kwi-3% yemivuzo yamakhaya atyebileyo. Ukufumana apho unokonga khona amandla nemali ekhayeni lakho. Amakhaya asebenzisa umbane ikakhulu Lo msebenzi uza kunceda ukuba wazi into owusebenzisa kuwo umbane ekhayeni lakho nalapho unokonga khona. Uluhlu lwezixhobo zasekhaya ezisebenzisa umbane lunikiwe apha ngezantsi ukukunceda. Inyathelo 1: Ukuqokelela ulwazi Kuikholam 1 yeTheyibhule, dwelisa zonke izixhobo zombane onazo ekhaya Kukholam 2 bhala amandla ombane (W) esixhobo sombane ngasinye. Amandla ombane esixhobo avamise ukubhalwa kwisixhobo eso. Kodwa kumaxa amaninzi, oku kubonisa awona mandla aphezulu asetyenziswa seso sixhobo, anokuba phezulu kakhulu kunamandla aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa sisixhobo eso. Le theyibhuli ingezantsi, ‘UMbane oQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa sisiXhobo soMbane saseKhaya’ inika ulwazi oluqikelelwayo kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwaye ingalulutho. Kukholam 3 khuphela (ngeeyure) ukuba isixhobo eso sisetyenziswa ixesha elingakanani ngemini (uwukhumbule umahluko ngendlela yokusebenzisa phakathi kweentsuku zaphakathi evekini nempela-veki kunye nobusika nehlobo uzibalele umyinge ngokwakho). Qaphela: Ezinye izixhobo zimana zizicima, umzekelo ifriji netanki lamanzi ashushu lendlu. Kwakhona la theyibhuli ‘UMbane oQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa sisiXhobo soMbane saseKhaya’ ingasetyenziswa ukuqikelela umbane osetyenziswayo. Ukuba unesixhobo sombane esingaphezulu kwesinye, esifana nebhalbhu zokukhanyisa, bhala oku kuKholam 4 Inyathelo 2: Ukubala Ukwazi umbane owusebenzisa mihla le usebenzisa indlela yokubala elula: (i-watt x iiyure esizisebenzisayo)/1 000 = umbane osetyenziswayo ngemini Qaphela: i-1 kilowatt = 1 000 watt 48 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Apha uphinda-phinda uKholam 2 ngoKholam 3 uphinde ngoKholam 4 (xa kunezixhobo ezingaphaya kwesinye). Eli nani lokugqibela lahlula-hlulwa nge-1 000 ukuze kutshintshwe iiyure ze-watt zibe ziyure ze-kilowatt. Bhala isiphumo sisonke kuKholam 5. Ukuze wazi umbane owusebenzisayo ngenyanga phinda-phinda umbane wosuku uwonke ngeentsuku ezingama-30 ubhale isiphumo kuKholam 6 Dibanisa i-kWh ezisetyenziswe zizixhobo zizonke ufumane isiphumo sombane owusebenzisayo uwonke. Inyathelo 3: Khangela iindawo ezizakuthathelwa amanyathelo eziphambili nalapho kunokongiwa khona Phonononga iziphumo zakho. Zeziphi izixhobo ezisebenzisa umbane kakhulu? Ukukwazi oku nokuthatha amanyathelo alula asebenzisayo okonga imali (acaciswe kweli candelo lilandelayo) kuyakunceda ukuba unciphise indlela osebenzisa ngayo umbane. Inkoliso yamakhaya amkela imivuzo ephakathi asebenzisa malunga ne-774 kWh ngenyanga (malunga nama-R250 ngenyanga) yombane. Uninzi lwawo – ukuya kutsho kuma-60% - lusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi ngetanki lamanzi ashushu lasendlini. Ukukhanyisa kuqhele ukuba kwindawo yesibini ngokusebenzisa umbane. Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga nokusebenzisa ibhalbhu zokukhanyisa ezibengezelayo zinika amathuba okonga umbane wasekhaya – qhubeleka ufunde ukuze ufumane okuthe vetshe! IPhepha lokuHlola lweziXhobo zoMbane zaseKhaya 1 2 3 4 5 6 Isixhobo Ukusebenzisa umbane (i-watt) iiiyure ngosuku esisebenza ngazo Inani lezixhobo Umyinge we-kWh ngosuku (i-watt x iiyure/1000) umyinge we-kWh ngenyanga Umz. ibhalbhu yokukhanyisa egqengezelayo 60w 4 7 60x4x7=1680/1000 x30=5,04 =1,68 Umbane osetyenziswayo uwonke INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 49 I-ENEJI UMbane oQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa sisiXhobo soMbane saseKhaya Isixhobo Ukusebenzisa umbane (-watt) Umyinge weeyure ngosuku ezisetyenziswayo Ukukhanyisa Ukubandisa Ibhalbhu egqengezelayo (40W) 40 5 Ifriza enesiciko 105 0.4 Ibhalbhu egqengezelayo (60W) 60 5 Isikhenkcisi esibandisa kakhulu 158 5 Ibhalbhu egqengezelayo 100 5 Isikhenkcisi esingabandisi kakhulu 250 0.2 I-CFL (12W) 12 5 Ukugcina ikhaya I-CFL (18W) 18 5 Umatshini wokuhlamba izitya 2500 0.9 I-CFL (20W) 20 5 sixhobo sokucoca uthuli 1000 0.5 Ukhuseleko (120W) 120 0.3 Ukuhlamba impahla Ukupheka I-ayini (yomphunga) 1235 0.8 Iayini 980 0.4 Umatshini wokuhlamba impahla 3000 0.75 ngomthwalo Umatshini wokwenza ikofu 670 0.5 Isitovu sombane 3000 2 Umatshini wokomisa impahla 3300 0.5 ngomthwalo Ipani yokuqhotsa 1250 0.4 Umculo, ukuzonwabisa, izixhobo ze-ofisi yasekhaya nezinye Istovu esinezithebe ezifudunyezwa ngombane esincinci 1275 0.2 Isixhobo sokulumkisa xa kuqhekezwa 10 24 Iketile 1900 0.3 Isixhotyana zokugcwalisa iselula ngombane 9 2 I-Microwave 1230 0.8 Umatshini wokudlala amacwecwe (i-CD) 9 0.4 Isixhobo sokurhawula isonka 1010 0.3 Ikhompyutha 134 1.5 Isixhobo sokwenza iqebengwana 1200 0.3 ifowuni engenantambo 2 15 Isixhobo sokwenza ukutya 166 0.2 Umatshini wokufeksa 45 13.6 Isixhobo sokomisa iinwele 647 0.1 Unomathotholo 12 3 Idikhowuda ye-M-Net 28 12.1 IModem 8 24 Igiza 50 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Igiza (yombane) 2600 4.4 Igiza (ehamba ngamandla elanga) 2600 1.7 I-ENEJI Ukufudumeza Ukusebenzisa umbane (-watt) Umyinge weeyure ngosuku ezisetyenziswayo Isibandisi 1000 2.4 Ingubo yombane 133 5.5 Isifudumezi se-oli (esikhulu) 1850 1.8 Isifudumezi se-oli (esincinci) 1240 0.3 Isifudumezi esinephiko 2000 1.9 Isifudumezi esinemibhojana 1500 2.2 Isifudumezi esinentsimbi e-1 779 1 Isifudumezi esineentsimbi ezi-2 1320 1.4 Isifudumezi esineentsimbi ezi-3 2000 2.2 Isichicileli (esikhawuleza kakhulu) 500 0.1 Umatshini wokuthunga 100 0.4 5 15.6 Isixhobo Umatshini ophendula ifowuni I-TV 37 cm emibala-bala 50 6 I-TV 70 cm emibala-bala 100 6 isishicileli sevidiyo 27 4.7 Amakhaya asebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezibaso Lo msebenzi uza kuqwalasela imali esetyenziswa kwizibaso, hayi amandla asetyenziswayo ewonke. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni esebenzisa amandla (nemali) kakhulu kuya kukunceda ukuba wazi apho unokonga khona imali. Inyathelo 1: Ukuqokelela ulwazi KuKholam 1 weTheyibhuli, dwelisa zonke izibaso ozisebenzisayo, ezifana neparafini, igesi, amalahle, umbane neenkuni. KuKholam 2: bhala zonke izinto ozisebenzisela sona isibaso ngasinye, ezifana nokupheka, ukukhanyisa, umculo, ukuzifudumeza, ifriji noku-ayina. KuKholam 3 bhala ukuba usisebenzisa kangakanani isibaso ngasinye ngeveki. KuKholam 4 bhala phantsi ixabiso leso sibaso ngeyunithi nganye, umzekelo ilitha, ikhilogramu yesibaso. Inyathelo 2: Ukubala Ukwazi ixabiso lesibaso ngasinye ngeveki, phinda-phinda umyinge osetyenzisiweyo (Kholam 3) ngexabiso leyunithi (Kholam 4). Bhala okufumeneyo kuKholam 5. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi inani lenyanga, phinda-pinda oku kwakhona ngeentsuku ezingama-30. Inyathelo 3: Khangela iindawo eziza kuthathelwa amanyathelo kuqala nalapho kunokongiwa khona Cinga ngento ochitha kuyo imali eninzi kwisibaso ngeveki. Phonononga esi sahluko ukhangele amacebiso aluncedo ngeendlela ezingcono zokusebenzisa amandla onokuzisebenzisa. Jonga nakwicandelo loKhuseleko ekupheleni kwesi sahluko ujonge iindlela onokuphucula ngazo ukhuseleko ekhaya. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 51 I-ENEJI 1 2 3 4 5 Uhlobo lwesibaso Inkonzo Ubungakanani ngeveki Ixabiso ngeyunithi (iilitha, ihkilo, inani) Ixabiso lesibaso ngeveki (ubungakanani x ixabiso) Umzekelo: Iparafini Ukupheka 1 ilitha R3,55 R10,60 Ixabiso lilonke Qikelela ikhabhoni/isilahle esikhutshwa lusapho lwakho Izibaso ezahlukeneyo zikhupha ikharboni dayokhsayidi eyahlukeneyo ngokulingana. Umbane eMzantsi Afrika ukhupha ikharbon dayokhsayidi eninzi njengoko ukhutshwa ngokutshiswa kwamalahle angekho mgangathweni. Ukukwazi ukuqikela ngokukhawuleza amandla owasebenzisiyo nekharboni oyikhuphayo landela la manyathelo angezantsi. Qaphela: Oku akubandakanya amafutha ezithuthi – aza kubalwa wona kwicandelo lezithuthi ngezantsi. Inyathelo 1: Ukusebenzisa uphando olwenze apha ngasentla, okanye ingxelo yombane wakho okanye netyala lezibaso, faka izibaso ozisebenzisayo ngenyanga nganye kuKholam 1. Inyathelo 2: Phinda-phinda oku ngenani olunikiweyo kuKholam 2 (umz. embaneni ngu-1,08). Oku kuza kunika ikhilogramu yekharbon dayokhsayidi ngenyanga. Bhala oku kuKholam 3 Inyathelo 3: Xa ufuna ikharbon dayokhsayidi oyikhupha ngonyaka, phinda-phinda ngeenyanga ezili-12 (Kholam 4) neziphumo zezibaso zizonke. 1 2 3 4 Ukuba umbane _______ kWh x 1,08 kg CO² nge-kWh ______kg CO² ngenyanga _______kg CO² ngonyaka ______kg CO² ngenyanga _______kg CO² ngonyaka ______kg CO² ngenyanga _______kg CO² ngonyaka ______kg CO² ngenyanga _______kg CO² ngonyaka Ukuba I-LP gesi _______ kg x 3,09 kg CO² nge-kg Ukuba iparafini _________ iilitha x 2,58 kg CO² ngelitha Izinto eziyelelene namandla ezikhutshwa likhaya kwikhaya lakho zizonke ngonyaka 52 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Thelekisa ikharboni eniyikhuphayo ekhayeni lakho nekharbon dayokhsayidi (CO²) ekhutshwa ngamakhaya aseKapa. Uhlobo lwekhaya i-kg CO² ngenyanga Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elingenambane elinomvuzo ophantsi eKapa 146 Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elinombane elinomvuzo ophantsi eKapa 193 Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elinomvuzo ophakathii eKapa 737 *La manani awabandakanyi ezikhutshwa kukusebenzisa kwethu izithuthi. Ukulungisa ikhaya lakho UMatthew Walton uyalithanda ikhaya lakhe eliseDiep River – indlu ethe gabalala eyakhiwe ngohlobo lwasefama lwamandulo ethe tshwa kwidolophana eshinyeneyo. UMatthew unomdla kakhulu kwizinto zokusingqongileyo, ekupheleni kuka-2003 wagqiba ekubeni alungise indlu yakhe. Uphando, oluqwalasela indlela asebenzisa ngayo amandla namanzi lwenziwa kwikhaya likaWalton. Olu phando lwaqalasela nendlela efanalekileyo la manzi manye nenkonzo yombane anokuhanjiswa ngayo – ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubomi kwikhaya likaWalton. Olu phando lwakhokelela kwizinto ezatshintshayo ezibalulekileyo. Amandla • • • • Ibhalbhu zokukhanyisa eziqhelekileyo ezizigqangazelayo ezilithoba (ezinee-watt ezingama-60 nezili-100) zatshintshwa ngeebhalbhu ezijiko-jiko ezibengezelayo (ezinee-watt ezisi-9 nezili-11), kubandakanya nezangaphandle. Into yokugcina ixesha yafakelwa kwitanki lamanzi ashushu okanye igiza kaWalton. Le wotshi yalungiselelwa ukuba isebenze kusasa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba usapho luvuka lunawo amanzi ashushu, icime emini iphinde isebenze ngorhatya xa usapho luzakuhlambela ukulala. Igiza yesibini endala yayiphezu kwesilingi. Le giza yayingasasetyenziswa kodwa yayisavutha isebenzisa umbane kuba amanzi ayaphola aphinde azifudumeze imini nobusuku. Le giza yacinywa. Usapho lakwaWalton lanikwa ibhokisi yokufudumeza ukunciphisa iindleko zokupheka. Amanzi • • Kwafakela intloko yeshawari ekhupha amanzi kancinci. Oku kunciphisa ukuphuma kwamanzi ngomlomo, abe amanzi esatsiba xa aphumayo. Kumnandi ukusebenzisa le shawari. Kwafakelwa isingxobo seplastiki ekuthiwa yihippo kwindlu yangasese yeendwendwe nendlela egungxula kaninzi kwizindlu zangasese ezintathu zosapho. Isixhobo sokulawula amanzi kwiimpompo safakelwa kwiimpompo zamanzi ekhitshini. Phambi kolu tshintsho ityala lombane leli khaya lalingumyinge wama-3 122 kWh ngenyanga. Oku kwakusidla usapho i-R1 217 ngenyanga nganye. Ukwenza lo msebenzi kuxabise i-R738. Inyanga emva kolu tshintsho ityala INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 53 I-ENEJI lombane losapho lakwaWalton lehla laya kutsho kwi-1 794 – kongiwa i-1 327 ngenyanga. Ityala labo lenyanga ngoku ngama-R700, bongela usapho ama-R500 ngenyanga. Ngale mali isecaleni usapho lalihlawula ityala lalo msebenzi ngeeveki nje ezintandathu. Amanzi asetyenziswa lusapho lakwaWalton phambi kwezi zinto zatshintshwayo ngenyanga ebabamalunga nama40,5 kl atye malunga nama-R400 ngenyanga. Ukwenza utshintsho abakwaWalton bahlawule i-R1 385, ubuninzi bale mali buye kufakwa kwezixhobo ezithathu ezigungxula kaninzi. Inyanga emva kwalo msebenzi, amanzi asetyenziswa ngabakwaWalton ehla aya kuma-26,9 kl – kongeka amanzi ali-13,5 kl iinyanga zonke. Ityala lenyanga lamanzi ngoku limalunga nama-R270 – kusinda i-R130 ngenyanga eya kusapho. Ngale mali yongiwayo usapho lwahlawula iindleko zokutshintsha zonke zingaphelanga iinyanga ezili-10. Ukuhamba-hamba: Izithuthi nekhaya lakho Izinto esihamba ngazo ukuya esikolweni, emsebenzini okanye naphina zikuchaphazela kakhulu okusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuba sihamba ngeenyawo okanye ngebhayisekile. Ukuba usebenzisa ngemoto yakho, nanku umsebenzi olula oza kukwenza ukuba uqonde indlela ukuhamba ngemoto kwakho okukuchaphazela ngako okusingqongileyo ngokukhupha ikharbhoni: Inyathelo 1: Bala umgama ongumyinge (ngeekhilomitha) owuhambayo ngemoto veki ngaye, ukubhale phantsi oku. Inyathelo 2: Phinda-phinda eli nani ngeeveki ezingama-52 ukuze ufumane umyinge weekhilomitha ozihambayo ngo nyaka (ngamnye). Inyathelo 3: Phinda-phinda iikhilomitha zakho zonyaka ngo-0,3 kg ze-CO² = _________ kg CO² ekhutshwa ngonyaka Umyinge wamafutha osetyenzisiweyo ukuhambisa umntu omnye ngezithuthi ezahlukileyo Umntu om-1ohamba ngemoto enkulwana Iilitha eziyi-12 kwi-100km Umntu ohamba ngemoto encinci Iilitha eziyi-8 kwi-100km Abantu aba-4 abahamba ngemoto enkulwana Iilitha ezi-4 kwi-100km Abantu aba-4 abahamba ngemoto encinci Iilitha ezi-3 kwi-100km Abantu aba-40 abahamba ngebhasi yedizili Iilitha ezi-2 kwi-100km Abantu abayi-300 abahamba ngololiwe wedizili Iilitha ezi-1,8 kwi100km Ukuhamba ngenyawo nangebhayisekile kokona konga amafuthe! 54 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI AMANYATHELO ANOKUPHUNYEZWA Amakhaya ethu asebenzisa amandla. Ngalo lonke ixesha sisebenzisa izixhobo zombane, sikhanyisa izibane, sipheka ukutya, sifudumeza amanzi sisebenzisa amandla ombane. Ama-25% ayo yonke i-CO2 ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera yomhlaba isuka kumandla asetyenziswa emakhaya. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo esiwathabathayo ukuphucula indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla kumakhaya ethu kungenza umahluko ngenene. Ukusebenzisa amandla ombane ngenkathalo kungalondoloza imali. Izibaso zinganobungozi. Ukusebenzisa amandla ngendlela engcono kungalenza ikhaya lakho libe lelikhuselekileyo. Ukuthenga izixhobo zombane ezisebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zingenza umsebenzi omnye zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi okanye amancinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngethuba uthenga isixhobo sombane esitsha unethuba elaneleyo ukwenza umahluko njengoko isixhobo osikhethileyo siza kuchaphazela indlela owasebenzisayo ngayo ngawo side esi sixhobo siguge. Urhulumente uqalisa indlela engummiselo yokuphawula indlela engcathu yokusebenzisa umbane eza kugqitywa ngo-2007. Oku kuza kufuna ukuba zonke izixhobo zombane ezitsha zibe nophawu olucacisa iimfuno nendlela esiwasebenzisa ngayo amandla ukuze wena njengomthengi ukwazi ukuthelekisa amazinga ezixhobo zombane. La mazinga amiselwe ngokweMigangatho yeSizwe yoMzantsi Afrika (iSouth African National Standards okanye I-SANS) uphawu olo lona luyafana nolusetyenziswa kumazwe eMbumba yeYurophu. Izinga elingu-‘A’ libonakalisa ukuwasebenzisa kakhulu amandla ombane u-‘G’ ukuwasebenzisa kancinci. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 55 I-ENEJI UKUFUDUMEZA AMANZI Eyona ingcono Igiza zombane eziqhelekileyo zisebenzisa ukuya kutsho kuma-60% ombane wakho wasekhaya. Ukufudumeza amanzi emlilweni okanye ngesitovu kungabangela imililo nokutsha. Kukwayidlela egaxabisi kakhulu emva kwexesha. Nangona kubiza imali eninzi ukufaka izifudumezi-manzi zamandla elanga (i-Solar Water Hear okanye i-SWH) ethubeni azinaziphumo zibi epokothweni nakokusingqongileyo. Isifudumezi samanzi selanga (i-SWH) UMzantsi Afrika unelanga elihlala ligqatsile unyaka wonke. Singabanye abanelanga elihlala livelile iiyure ezininzi kwihlabathi. Sekunjalo, angaphantsi kwe-1% amakhaya eMzantsi Afrika anee-SWH. Oku kubangelwa yimali efunekayo yokuzifaka, nokuba abantu abaninzi abanalwazi ngazo. Kumazwe afana nakwaSirayeli, malunga nama60% amakhaya ane-SWH. Ukufudumeza amanzi ngamandla elanga kuxhomekeka kumandla amaninzi elanga. Nangona esi sifudumezi singafuna ukulaleliselwa ngombane, mncinci kakhulu umbane osetyenziswayo. Oku kuthetha amanzi ashushu ‘asimahla’, ukuphunguka kongcoliseko nokuba namanzi ashushu nokuba umbane ucimile! I-SWH yomelele xa sele ifakiwe iyayihlala neminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu. Ungonga imali ngayo kwaye inexabiso xa uyithengisa indlu. Zisebenza njani isizufudumezi-manzi zamandla elanga? I-SWH bubuchwepheshe bale mihla obuthembekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zinendawo ezibalulekileyo ezimbini: • • isixhotyana esimcaba esimnyama ekuthiwa ‘sisixhobo sokuqokelela amandla elanga’ amanzi ahamba kuso afudunyezwe lilanga, kunye itankana eligqunyiweyo lokugcina apho amanzi ashushu anokusetyenziswa agcinwa khona. Esi sixhotyana simnyama sokuqokelela sibekwa kwicala lephahla lendlu elijonge ngasemntla kwaye sifudumeza amanzi ngokukhawuleza xa ebekwe kwi-engile ephakathi kuka-170 no-230 ephahleni. Itankana lokugcina lingasephahleni ngaphandle (kwisifudumezi esidibeneyo) okanye ngaphakathi (kwisifudumeze esahlukeneyo) kodwa kufuneka sisoloko siphezu kwesi sixhotyana sokuqokela. Ngokuba simnyama, isixhobo sokuqokelela sitsala ubushushu elangeni. Oku kufudumeze amanzi akuso. Amanzi ashushu ababuhlambuluka kunabandayo kwaye ayanyuka abe phezulu etankini ngeli lixa ulwelo olubandayo lunzima kwaye luzika. Amanzi abandayo akwitankana lokugcina ehlela ngezantsi, oku kubangela ukuba ajikeleze kwisixhobo sokuqokelela apho athi afudunyezwe lilanga. Olu jikelelezo lwamanzi kuthiwa kukwenzeka kwethemosifoni. Xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga ayinzeki ithemosifoni. Ukwambathisa itanki kakuhle kuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi asetankini ahlala eshushu ixesha elide. Ezinye izifudumezi zisebenzisa umbane ubulalelisele xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga, okanye xa ekhaya kufuneka amanzi ashushu amaninzi. Ukugqiba ngokufakela i-SWH I-SWH ingaxabisa ukuqala kuma-R3 500 (ubuqu bayo) ukuya kutsho kuma-R20 000 kuxhomekeka kumthamo owufunayo. Isifudumezi-manzi ngamandla elanga sekhaya nje eliqhelekileyo elinamalungu amane esinombane wokulalelisela singaxabisa kubuthuba bama-R7 500 ukuya kuma-R12 000. 56 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Ukuba ityala lombane ngenyanga losapho elinamalungu amane ngama-R500, ungonga malunga nama-R200 ngenyanga embaneni ukuba ufakela isifudumezi-manzi samandla elanga. Ngonyaka leyo ifikelela kuma-R2 400. Kwiminyaka emihlanu uyakonga ama-R12 000. Ungonga nangaphezu koku njengoko amaxabiso ombane kule minyaka mihlanu izayo eza kunyuka njengoko kufuneka kwakhiwe izikhululo zombane ezitsha. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu uzifakelele esi sifudumezi uya kube uyihlawule wayigqiba i-SWH yama-R12 000. Emva koko uza konga kuphela kwiindleko zasendlwini. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha igiza yakho oku kuyinto evakalayo nangakumbi. Ngaphezu kokonga imali ungathintela ama-2 400 kg eCO² ukuba angene kwiatmosfera ngonyaka nje omnye emva kokufaka i-SWH. Eyona ndlela ibubulumko yokuthenga i-SWA kukuyihlawula yonke ngexesha elinye okanye usebenzisa inzala kwityala lendlu yakho. Ukuba awufikeleli kwi-SWH ube ufuna ukutshintsha igiza, ungafakela itankana lamanzi ashushu elihambelana ne-SWH usifakele mva isixhotyana sokuqokelela amandla elanga. Igiza ehambelana ne-SWH ingcono xa igqunyiwe kunetankana lamanzi ashushu eliqhelekileyo kwaye lifakelwe nombhobho owongozelelweyo wangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze kwenzeke ithemosifoni. Amandla elanga alula Ungawafudumeza amanzi akho ngokusebenzisa ibhakethe elimyama elingama-50 litha. Ibhakhethe malicoceke lingabanazikhemikhali. Lazi ibhakethe lakho apho lisuka khona. Ungaze ulusisebenzise kwakhona ibhakethe elidala, koko thenga elitsha ukufudumeza amanzi. Amacebiso okusebenzisa igiza kakuhle • • • • • • Ukuba igiza yakho okanye imibhobho esuka kuyo ishushu xa uyibamba oku kuthetha ukuba ilahlekelwa bubushushu idlala ngamandla. Yigqume igiza yakho nemibhobho yamanzi ashushu usebenzisa imibhobho yokugquma igiza okanye ngokuyambathisa ngengubo okanye ngephepha-ndaba. Ukoleka iingubo (iingubo ezimfuma-mfuma nezishushu) uze ngephepha le-alumuniyami elomeleleyo wambathise igiza uzibambe ngemitya kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Phungula iqondo lobushushu kwigiza. Iqondo eliphezulu ngama-500C ehlotyeni ibe ngu-600 C ebusika. Inkoliso yeegiza zibekwa ku-650C. Ukuphungula iqondo lobushushu legiza ngo-10C kungonga i-10% kwindleko zakho zombane. Faka isixhobo sokugcina ixesha sokuyivula igiza ngokwexesha olimiseleyo ngokwenza oko ungafudumezi amanzi xa ungawafuni. Qaphela: Esi sigcini-xesha sisebenza kuphela ukuba giza yambathisiwe. Iigiza ezimileyo zisebenzisa amandla ombane kancinci kunezo zingqengqisiweyo. UKUPHEKA Okona kungcono Isitovu segesi esine-onti yombane okanye isazinge segesi nesitovu sombane zezona zilungileyo unokuzikhetha ukulungiselela ukupheka xa uthathela ingqalelo okusingqongileyo nemali. Kodwa igesi akululanga ukuyifumana. Nangona isitovu separafini kungabizi kakhulu ukusithenga, sisesona sizathu semililo kwaye sifuna ukusetyenziswa ngononophelo olukhulu. Ibhokisi eshushu ilulutho kakhulu njengezinye sezixhobo zokupheka. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 57 I-ENEJI Ukupheka kwasimahla – IBHOKISI ESHUSHU Ibhokisi eshushu yenziwe ngezinto ezimfuma-mfuma ezimbini ezinepolisterini. Ibhokisi eshushu ixabisa malunga ne-R140, kodwa ungenza into efana nayo ngokwambathisa iimbiza ngengubo okanye ibhegi yokulala. Ukusebenzisa ibhokisi eshushu kungonga ukuya kutsho kuma-60% kwiindleko zokupheka. Ukutya okufana nerayisi, isidudu, isuphu okanye isityu ezibiliselwe esitovini zingafakwa kwibhokisi eshushu enesiciko embizeni. Ezi zinto zimfuma-mfuma okanye ingubo zigcina ubushushu nokutya nako kuza kuqhubekeka kuphekeka. Qaphela: Sukuyisebenzisa ibhokisi eshushu xa upheka ngamafutha. Ukutya kuphekwa ngexesha elibulingana naxa kuphekwa ngohlobo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa ngoku izakha-mzimba nesongo nokuvuthwa ziyagqwesa (ngenxa yokupheka ngomlilo ophantsi). Ifoto: Courtesy of Just Living Centre ISalathiso liqela loomama abanentsholongwane i-HIV baseKayamandi ekwimimandla emelene neStellenbosch. Beliqela, baqala ukwenza iibhokisi ezishushu – imveliso abayibona njengesisombululo kwimfuno zabo zamandla nokuphungula iindleko ezingumthwalo zezibaso. Imali engeniswayo kwabelwana ngayo ngaba mama. Uninzi kweli qela lo kuphela komvuzo abawufumanayo. Ukuxhasa eli phulo, ufumane nolwazi oluthe vetshe okanye u-odole ibhokisi eshushu, qhagamshelana noWendy Walton kwa-(021) 683 8597. Amacebiso ngendlela yokupheka engcono • • • • • 58 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Jonga irabha ezitywine i-oveni ukuba azityekanga okanye aziphelanga na njengoko oku kubangela ukuba kusebenze umbane kakhulu. • Thenga esona sixhobo sombane sincinci onokufikelela kuso ukulungiselela ukupheka. Oku kuza konga isibaso. • Xa uthenga nasiphi na isixhobo sombane, jonga iqondo laso lokusebenzisa amandla. Xa uthenga isitovu separafini okanye sikagesi, cela umthengisi ukuba akubonise “iLeta yoGunyaziso yakwa-SABS” yaye ukuba akuqinisekanga ngeso sixhobo fowunela uSABS kwa-012 428 6375. Isitampu nje esisodwa sakwaSABS asisosiqinisekiso somgangatho nokhuseleko. Sebenzisa iketile ukubilisa amanzi. Iketile isebenzisa umbane ongaphantsi ngama-50% kunaxa ubilisa ngembiza esitovini. Bilisa kuphela amanzi afunekayo, kodwa qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo esidala ubushushu asivelanga. Zilalise emanzini iimbotyi, umgqusho, neelentile ukonga ixesha, imali, nexesha elide lokupheka. Gcina isitovu sakho separafini sicocekile njengoko oku kuza kusenza sisebenze kakuhle – iparafini yakho iza kuhlala ixesha elide nomsi ophuma kuso awuzukuba nabungozi kakhulu. Xa imbiza yokutya sele ibilile, ungawuhlisa umlilo nanjengoko ukutya oko kuza kuqhubeka kuphekeka. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba imbiza ibile idlwabhazele lonke ixesha upheka. I-ENEJI UKUKHENKCISA Eyona ingcono Ifriji yombane yeyona ilungileyo. Ukuba akukho mbane ikhaya malikhethe phakathi kweparafini negesi. Iparafini ayibizi kakhulu kodwa ingayichaphazela impilo nokhuseleko. Igesi icocekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle, kodwa iyabiza kuneparafini. Amacebiso okukhenkcisa ngokufanelekileyo • • • Thenga iifriji nolu hlobo luvulwa ngaphezulu (lubandisa kakhulu) ezingawusebenzisi kakhulu umbane. Funa iifriji ezinesikompresa nephiko lomoya le-BLDC ezisebenza kakuhle ukuze wonge amandla. Thelekisa indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziwusebenzisa ngayo umbane. Olu lwazi lusoloko luhamba nefriji leyo. • Qinisekisa ukuba kukho isithuba esikhoyo emva kwefriji ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuhamba lula kumajiko- jiko ekondensa. Kufuneka ahlale engenathuli njengoko oku kwenza ifriji ingasebenzi kakuhle. Ifriji egcweleyo isebenzisa amandla amancinci kunengenanto. Gcina iibhotile zamanzi abandayo njengoko ziza kugcina ukubanda. Qinisekisa ukuba imitywino yerabha kwifriji yakho ikwimeko efanelekileyo ukuze ungaphumi umoya obandayo. Ukuba le rabha yokutywina ityekile kwaye nefriji ayivaleki kakuhle, jonga igama nohlobo lwefriji uye apho yenziwa khona okanye ivenkile ezithengisayo okanye indawo ezikhandayo ufune isitywini esitsha. Xa utshintsha isitywini kuza kufuneka ukhulule umphetho ophakathi komphakathi nomphandle wocango, ususe isitywini esidala ufake esitsha ubuyisele izikhonkwane. UKUKHANYISA IKHAYA LAKHO Eyona ndlela ilungileyo Ukukhanyisa ngombane yiyona ndlela ilungileyo ingakumbi ukuba kusetyenziswa ibhalbhu ezijiko-jiko ezibengezelayo. Isibane separafini sitshiphu ukusithenga, kodwa sidla imali ukusisebenzisa kwaye asikhanyisi ngokwaneleyo xa ufunda. Amakhandlela ayingozi njengoko ebangela umlilo kumaxa amaninzi. umfanekiso ufunyenwe ngobubele kwiMagazini i-Men’s Health INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 59 I-ENEJI IiBhalbhu eziJiko-jiko eziBengezelayo (ii-CFL) Iibhalbhu i-CFL ziguqula ama-80% amandla eziwasebenzisayo itsho ikhanyise, ibe ngama-20% kuphela ababubushushu. Ibhalbhu ezigqengezelayo ziguqula ama-20% ombane eziwufunayo ukhanyise aze ama-80% yona ibe bushushu. Nangona iibhalbhu i-CFL zibiza ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunezibhalbhu ziqhelekileyo zigqengezelayo, zihlala kangokuphindwe kathandathu ukuya kalishumi ke ngoko zitshiphu kunezi ziqhelekileyo. Akufuneki zinto zithile zokuzifaka – utshintsha nje le bhalbhu unayo ng-CFL. Ii-CFL ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwezithengisa izinto zeentsimbi. Amaxabiso ebhalbhu ezi-CFL ayashiyana ngokwendlela emile ngayo kunye nomlinganiso wamandla ombane. Ibhalbhu eqhelekileyo yasekhaya (11w itshintsha i-60%W yale igqengezelayo) ixabisa malunge ne-R12,00. Ukufakela ibhalbhu ebegenzelayo ejiko-jiko enamandla ombane ali-11 endaweni yebhalbhu egqengezelayo enamandla ombane angama-60 kungonga malunga ne-570kWh ngethuba i-CFL ikhona isebenza – wonge malunga ne-570kg yekharboni dayokhsayidi kwiminyaka elishumi yobomi bayo. Ukuba onke amakhaya eKapa angekwenza oku, singaphungula ikharboni dayokhsayidi engena kwi-atmosfera ngeetoni ezingama-313 500 ngeminyaka eli10. Oku kuthetha ukuba umbane ofunekayo ngexesha usetyenziswa kakhulu ungancipha ngee-40 megawathi (MW) yonke. Esinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe • • • • • • • • Xa ibhalbhu i-CFL iphelelwe (kwiminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwelishumi) kufuneka uyilahle uyisongele ngeplastiki ukukhusela okusingqongileyo njengoko inemetyhuri. Inkoliso ye-CFL azisetyenziswa nezixhobo zokucima nokuvula umbane eziluzizi. Musa ukuzisebenzisa iibhalbhu i-CFL kwigumbi lokuhlamba njengoko umphunga unokubonakalisa ubuxhakaxhaka bombane obungaphakathi. Ii-CFL ziwonga kakhulu amandla xa zishiywe zingacinywanga iiyure nokuba zimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngemini. Kumagumbi apho zicinywa ziphinde zikhanyiswe, i-CFL ayiwutyi kangako umbane. Zikwathatha malunga nemizuzu emihlanu ukuze zikhanyise ngokwegcweleyo. Iibhalbhu i-CFL kufuneka zibe nesithuba esaneleyo kule ndawo zifakwe kuyo ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuhamba. Iibhalbhu i-CFL mazingafakwa kwiintloko zebhalbhu ezisebenza ngokubakho kokukhanya - oku kwenza zingahlali kakhulu zombini. Funa i-CFL enento yokuva eyakhelwe kuyo. Ibhalbhu ezisihlahla ze-LED zibonakalisa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla obukwiqondo eliphezulu – zihlala iminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-20 kwaye zitya amandla ombane ayi-1,08 kuphela ibhalbhu inye (kongeke i-95% ngebhalbhu nganye xa kuthelekiswa nezi ziqhelekileyo zigqengezelayo). Ukuze lilingane ixesha elihlalwa yibhalbhu nganye kwezisisihlahla ze-LED kungafuneka uthenge ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo ezingama-50. Ii-LED ziyimibala ngemibala zikwazi ukuhambelana nemeko ngelo xesha. Kuneebhalbhu eziqhelekileyo ezineglasi enombala, kwi-LED ngamaza okukhanya la enza umahluko wombala. Nangona eli candelo lezobuchwepheshe likhula ngokukhawuleza, ii-LED zisenako ukuxabisa okuphezulu okwangoku zisasetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa xa usebenza (edesikeni okanye xa uzoba) nokuhombisa ngokukhanya. 60 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Gcina ikhaya lifudumele ebusika yaye lipholile ehlotyeni Okona kungcono Izifudumezi zegesi zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye zilifudumeza lonke igumbi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zezona zingcono xa sijonga imali, impilo nokhuseleko. Xa usebenzisa igesi qinisekisa ukuba igumbi linemitunja eyaneleyo yokungena umoya. Oku kufuna ukuba iibhotile zegesi nezixhobo zombane nokuphinda uthe zihlale zikhona. Izifudumezi zegesi zibiza imali eninzi kodwa ziyahlala. Isifudumezi se-oli sombane singcono kunesifudumezi esineentsimbi ezinqamlezileyo kodwa kuyabiza ukuzithenga. Amalahle, iinkuni neparafini zifumaneka lula kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukupheka kunye nokuzifudumeza, kuzenze oku zibe zezona zinokukhethwa kodwa ziyingxaki ngokwempilo nokhuseleko. Amacebiso ngamaqondo obushushu • • Musa ukusebenzisa i-oveni okanye isitovu ukufudumeza indlu yakho – isifudumezi (sikagesi) sisebenza kakuhle kwaye sitshiphu. • Zivalisise iingcango neefestile ukuze kungangeni moya – yenza isivingco somoya ngezinto ezindala. Thunga uyiqinise into engathi ngumbhulo (ibe yi-10 cm ukutyeba – ibebulinganga netoti yesiselo). Yigcwalise ngesanti. Beka le nto yokunqanda umoya ngaphakathi ecangweni emazantsi. Umoya awunakungena. Umoya kufuneka uvalelwe kuphela xa kukho iindawo zokungenisa umoya ezaneleyo endlwini. Ukuyila indlu engatyi mbane • • • • • • • • Phungula ukuya kutsho kuma-70% ombane owasebenzisa ekhaya ewonke ngokulandela imigaqo elula yokwakha ephungula inkcitho embaneni, ekuzifudumezeni nokuzipholisa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luyilo olungagqamanga lamandla elanga. Yijongise ngasemntla indlu yakho ulungiselele ukukhanya nelanga. Njengoko icala elisemntla lendlu yakho lifumana ilanga elininzi, itulo lephahla kufuneka libe lide (libe ngama40cm ukuya kuma-60cm). Iifestile ziza kuba semthunzini ehlotyeni xa ilanga liphezulu, ngelithuba imitha yelanga ingena ngeefestile xa ilanga lisephantsi. Izivalo zeefestile, izikhuselo zeseyile okanye imikhusane ziyawakhusela amagumbi ngokuvalela imitha yelanga ngaphandle ehlotyeni. Imbobo evuliwe phezulu ephahleni ingenisa ukukhanya kwendalo endlwini ngeemini ezishushu kungasetyenziswa mbane ukukhanyisa. Qinisekisa ukuba iglasi esetyenziswe kule mbobo ithambekele ngasemntla. Izinto zendalo (amatye, iipali, ukuthunga ngengca nodongwe), ezifunyanwa kwalapha ekuhlaleni, zifaneleke kakhulu ukugcina indlu ipholile ehlotyeni ifudumele ebusika. Izitena zodaka zinceda kakhulu ekwambathiseni. Imigangatho eyenziwe ngezitena okanye ikonkhriti igcina kukho ubushushu obufanelekileyo endlwini yakho njengoko ikwazi ukubizela ubushushu emini ibukhuphe kancinci ebusuku. Le migangatho mayingafakwa ikhaphethi njengoko ikhonkrithi ibizela ubushushu obuninzi kunomgangatho onekhaphethi. Ubushushu buphuma kwiiglasi zeefestile ngokukhawuleza kangangokuphindwe kalishumi kunakwidonga elambathisiweyo, ke ngoko zivule iikhethini emini (vumela ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo bungene) uzivale ebusuku (ugcine ubushushu ngaphakathi). INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 61 I-ENEJI • • • 62 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Tyala umthi onamagqabi avuthulukayo everandini okanye eyadini. Ehlotyeni le mithi inamagqabi inika umthunzi indlu yakho. Xa amagqabi evuthulukile ekwindla, lo mthi uze uyayivumela imitha yelanga ingene (ngeefestile) endlwini ngezi nyanga zibandayo. Uphahla lwezinki luphulukana nobushushu obuninzi ekwindla yaye litshisa kakhulu ehlotyeni. Lwambathise ngento iphahla ulipeyinte mhlophe (lifane nokukhanya ke ngoko liphole) okanye sebenzisa i-alumuniyam okanye ezinye izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Isilingi nokwambathisa uphahla kwindlu encinci kungaphungula amandla owasebenzisayo nge-124 kWh yonke ngenyanga – wonge malunga nama-R50,00 ngenyanga. I-ENEJI Ukufaka isilingi ngamanyathelo alula amathandathu 1. Khangela imingxuma enokuvuza ephahleni. Faka itha (ifumaneka kwiivenkile zeentsimbi) kule mingxunya. Sebenzisa iiplastiki ukuvala imingxunya ephakathi kodonga nophahla. 2. Sebenzisa isikhonkwane ukuxhoma ucingo ukusuka kwelinye icala legumbi ukuya kwelinye – malunga nama-30 cm phakathi kwawo. Isilingi iza kuhlala phezu kwala macingo. 3. Beka iikhadibodi ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokwambathisa phakathi kwala macingo nophahla. Ungalibali ukushiya isithuba phakathi kophahla nezi khadibodi njengoko esi sithuba somoya sinceda ekugcineni ubushushu. 4. Sebenzisa isincamathelisi seplastiki ukudibanisa iiplastiki (sebenzisa iplastiki ezimnyama zenkunkuma okanye uqokelele iiplastiki ezininzi uzikrazule uzidibanise wenze iplastiki enkulu). Beka ezi plastiki phantsi kwekhadibodi nocingo. Makungabikho mingxunya kule plastiki. 5. Bethelela umaleko ube mnye wekhadibodi phantsi kweplastiki. Ungayipeyinta le khadibodi ukuba uyathanda. 6. Ungasebenzisa amaplanga anciphileyo ukwenzela ukuba isilingi ingabheni. Ibonelelwe nguWadi S The Energy Book (Sustainable Energy Africa) Ukwambathisa indlu yakho Ukwambathisa phakathi kophahla nesilingi kunceda kakhulu ukugcina indlu yakho ifudumele ebusika ipholile ehlotyeni. Kutshiphu kwaye kulula kakhulu nokukwenza. Iinzuzo zokwambathisa indlu ziye zingacaci xa kolekwe kakhulu. Ke ngoko nokuba kuncinci ukwambathisa kungcono kunongembathisi konke konke. Ukutyabeka iindonga konga imali kakhulu njengoko kuphungula ukufuma ezindongeni. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 63 I-ENEJI Ifoto: Mark Lewis Sebenzisa izinto ezingenabungozi nezihlaziyekayo xa usambathisa. Ikhadibodi ilungile kodwa iyawagcina amanzi kwaye itsha lula. Ukunkxuza ikhadibodi kwiboroni namanzi kwenza ukuba ingatshi lula kwaye izilwe nezinambuzane. Iboron ingaboliswa ziintsholongwane kwaye ayinabungozi xa ithelekiswa nezinye iimveliso ezikhoyo. Yilinde ikhadibhodi yome phambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Yibeke tyaba phantsi eplastikini uyicinezele ngamatye okanye izitena ezinzima ukuze icombuluke phambi kokuba uyibeke kumphakathi wesilingi. I-vermiculite yinto yokwambathisa ekungenabungozi ukuyisebenzisa, iyawulwa umlilo kwaye ikhona kwiivenkile ezithengisa iintsimbi ekuhlaleni. Ezinye izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kwiivenkile zeentsimbi okanye iindawo zezinto zokwakha ngamacangca ohlobo oluthile lwesamente ekuthiwa yi-gypsum, irhonya, nephepha le-alumuniyam eliqinileyo. Ungadibanisa kunye neebhotile zeplastiki uzibeke phakathi kwesilingi nophahla. Zona zilwa izinambuzane kwaye zibamba nomoya zigcine nobushushu kakuhle. Ivermiculite ilunge kakhulu ekwambathiseni. Ukuqwalasela ‘amandla aqulathiweyo’ Imveliso nganye esetyenzisiweyo ekwakheni indlu yethu ifune amandla ukuyenza nokuyihambisa. La kuthiwa ‘ngamandla aqulathiweyo’. Xa usakha okanye usandisa okanye uhlaziya cinga ngokuphinda uzisebenzise kwakhona izinto zokwakha ezingentshanga. Oku konga amandla, amanzi, inkunkuma nemali. Olu luhlu lungezantsi lukukrobisa kumyinge wamandla afunekayo ukuvelisa ezi zinto. Amandla afunekayo (nge-kWh) ukwenza itoni enye ye: Iplastiki 45 000 I-aluminiyam 27 000 Ikopolo 15 000 Intsimbi 13 200 Isamente 2 200 Izitena Amatye 200 200-800 kuxhomekeka kulo nto yenziwayo The Greenhouse Project, 2005 Ukwenzela amandla ikhaya lakho usebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo Indlu eqhelekileyo eMzantsi Afrika ifumana ngaphezu kwama-600 kWh okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku – ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba inokusebenzisa. Iiseli ze-photovoltaic (PV) ziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga zikwenze umbane othi ugcinwe yibhetri. Izixhotyana ze-PV zenziwe ngento ehambisa umbane kancinci kuqheleke ukuba ibe yisilikhoni efakwa iikhemikhali ukuze umphantsi nomphezulu zikhabane. Umsinga wombane wenziwa ngala macala ombane akhabanayo ohambe uyekugcinwe kwindawo yombane engaphandle. Ibhetri iyawugcine umbane ude ufuneke. I-PV encinci yasekhaya ingakhanyisa izibane ezibini iiyure ezine nomabonakude omcinci obonisa mhlophe namnyama okanye unomathotholo iiyure ezimbini ngelanga. Iindleko zokuqala zokuthenga i-PV neebhetri zisephezulu, kwakhona esi sixhobo asinakumelana nezinto ezifuna umbane kakhulu ezifana nokupheka okanye ukufudumeza. 64 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Ukuba ufuna ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa amandla endalo, eyona ndlela ifikelelekayo kukuthenga umbane wendalo osuka kumzi-mveliso omkhulu ovelisa umbane owenziwa ngezinto ezihlaziyekayo xa sele ukhona (imizi-mveliso efana nefama yamaphiko omoya yaseDarling). Nangona uza kuqhubekeka ufumana umbane wakho kule bhokisi yoqhagamshelwano ikhoyo, uza kuhlawulela ngezavenge lo mbane (ixabiso elingaphezulwanga kwelombane oqhelekileyo) kwaye uza kufumana isiqinisekiso esibonisa ukuba umbane uwuthenge kwindawo ewuhlaziyayo. Uthutho: Ukuhamba lula Eyona ingcono Ukuhamba ngeenyawo, ngebhayisekile okanye ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zezona ndlela zokuhamba zikulungeleyo okusingqongileyo. Kwaye zezona zitshiphu. Kodwa iindlela ezicetywe ngayo iidolophu aziyiselanga so into yokucingela abantu abahamba ngeenyawo nangebhayisekile, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zona zixhaswa kancinci ngemali, oku kubangela ukuba umthamo uzohlule, ukunganxibelelani kakuhle ezindleleni neminye imibandela yezokhuseleko. Indlela ezintsha zokuqwalasela uthutho ezidolophini sezicetyiwe kodwa kuya kuthatha ithuba ukuziphumeza. Okwangoku amanyathelo abalulekileyo abaqhubi abanokuwathatha ukuze baqhube kakuhle. Izithuthi zikawonke-wonke Funa ulwazi ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke engingqini yakho. I-CapeMetrorail Ulwazi ngethayimthebhuli, imali neendlela: www.capemetrorail.co.za Ulwazi oluthe vetshe qhagamshelana nale nombolo yasimahla, inombolo yamaxesha onke Ulwazi gabalala nge-Metrorail: 0800 65 64 63 Ulwaphulo-mthetho kwa-metrorail: 0800 65 64 63 Iinkonzo zeebhasi zakwa-Golden Arrow Amaxesha nolwazi: www.gabs.co.za. Ulwazi oluthe vetshe qhagamshelana nezi nombolo zilandelayo: I-ofisi enkulu: (021) 507 8800 Imibuzo nezikhalazo: 0801 21 21 11 no 0800 65 64 63 Ukuhamba ngeenyawo nangebhayisekile Nanini na ufumana ithuba cinga ngokuhamba ngeenyawo okanye ibhayisekile endaweni yemoto yakho. Oku konga imali kwaye kuyimpilo. Izithuthi ezingatyi mandla Ukuba ucinga ngokuthenga imoto khangela uhlobo olungatyi mafutha kakhulu – imoto oyikhethileyo ingenza umahluko obonakalayo emhlabeni. Kumaxabiso epetroli nawedizili enyuka rhoqo oku kungakongela imali ebonakalayo ekuhambeni kweminyaka. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 65 I-ENEJI Ukukhwelisana ngeemoto Ukukhwelisana xa kusukwa naxa kusiyiwa umsebenzini kungaphungula ngokukhawuleza amafutha owasebenzisayo ngenyanga. Oku kuphumza ingqondo kwaye kwakha nobuhlobo. Ukukhwelisa xa kusiyiwa esikolweni nako kungaqwalaselwa. Ukuqhuba phucukileyo okanye ukuqhuba ukhathalele indalo Ukugcina imoto yakho isemgangathweni nokuqhuba ngendlela engatyi mafutha kakhulu kunganendima enkulu kumafutha asetyenziswa yimoto. • • • • • • • • • • Yixilongise imoto yakho rhoqo (emva kwama-10 000 km ubuncikane) Qinisekisa ukuba amavili anomoya ofanelekileyo (ngokwemilinganiselo yakowayo). Amavili angagcwelanga kakuhle angayinyusa indlela eyitya ngawo amafutha imoto nge-8%. QAPHELA: Ivili elinomoya omcinci kakhulu alinyusi kuphela indlela etya ngayo amafutha koko nalo ivili liphela ngokukhawuleza. Sebenzisa i-oli engena kuzo zonke kwinjini yakho kuba iyenza ithambe. Tshintshela kumavili anemisonto ebabusisakha-sangqa kuba ahamba lula kwaye ayahlala kunanemisonto enqamlezileyo. Nyusa isantya kancinci, utshintshe iigiyeri xa kufanelekile. Imoto ihamba ngokufanelekileyo xa ingadumeli phezulu. Musa ukumana uyicima xa uqhuba. Rhoqo xa ubamba iziqhoboshi, amandla akhutshwa kukunyusa isantya ayilahleko. Ziqikelele iirobhoti uqhoboshe kancinci – oku kungakongela amafutha anokuba yi-18% ngetanki. Sukubalekisa. Ukubaleka nge-110 km ngeyure, imoto isebenzisa amafutha afika kuma-25% ngaphezulu kunaxa ihamba ngama-90km ngeyure. Ezi ntsimbi zilapha phezulu emotweni kunye neefestile ezivuliweyo ziyenza imoto ukuba ibanjwe ngumoya kwaye itye namafutha ngama-20%. Umoya obandayo wemoto utya malunga ne-10% ngaphezulu xa uvuliwe. Sebenzisa incwadana yakho ubhale amafutha owathenigileyo neekhilometha ozihambileyo ukuze uzibekele imimiselo emitsha. Ukhuseleko ekhaya Ukulungisa iingcingo zombane zeplagi Iplagi engaqhagamshelwanga ngokufanelekileyo ingabangela ukukhatywa ngumbane, ukutsha, umlilo. Ukuqhagamshela iingcingo zombane zeplagi kukufaka iingcingo zombane kwiindawo zazo ezifanelekileyo (jonga umfanekiso), ujike izikrufu ukubamba ezi ngcingo zintathu. Zakuba ziqinisiwe, zitsale kancinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba azinakuphuncuka. Ukukhangela indawo evuza igesi Kubalulekile ukujonga iindawo ezivuzayo kumatanki egesi, imibhobho neendawo ekudityaniswe kuzo. Ukwenza oku, cima itanki legesi. Jonga iindawo ekudityaniswe kuzo. Vulela igesi kancinci, uqabe ezi ndawo kudityaniswe kuzo ngamanzi anesepha okanye isepha engamanzi. Kuza kubakho amaqamza egwebu apho kuvuza khona. Lise itanki lakho kumthengisi wegesi alijonge, alitshintshe okanye alilungise. 66 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Ukuhamba-hamba komoya Xa utshisa nokuba sesiphi na isibaso – igesi, iparafini, amalahle okanye iinkuni – hlala uvule icango okanye ifestile ukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi linomoya owaneleyo. Umsi osuka kwisibaso ungabangela ukugula kanti nokufa. Imibuzwana ngokhuseleko ekhaya Umbane Ewe Hayi Iingcingo zombane zibekwa kude kakhulu kwizinto ezidala ubushushu, ezifana nomlilo nezitovu okanye amakhandlela. Zonke iingcingo zigqunyiwe akukho cingo lekopolo livelileyo. Iingcingo zethu zombane azihambi phantsi kwekhaphethi ekhayeni lethu. Akubikho zixhobo zambane zingaphezulu esithathwini ezikwiplagi enye ngexesha. Asinazixhobo zombane zikwigumbi lokuhlambela okanye kufutshane namanzi. Bonke abantu ekhaya bayazi ukuba akufuneki konke ukutsala iplagi kwisokethi ingacinywanga, okanye batsale intambo yombane. Bonke abantu ekhaya bayazi ukuba isixhobo sombane masisuswe kwiplagi (sicinywe) phambi kokuba silungiswe. Siyazicima izibane phambi kokutshintsha ibhalbhu. AMANQAKU EWONKE Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yemibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngala manyathelo alandelayo: • Zibeke kude iingcingo ebushushwini njengoko zinokutshisa zibangele nomlilo. • Susa iintambo ezihamba phantsi kwekhaphethi njengoko ingcingo ezonakeleyo nezivele ngaphandle zinokwenza umlilo. • Thenga itheyiphu yokwambathisa ugqume zonke iingcingo zekopolo ezingaphandle ngokubhijela ngetheyiphu ezi ngcingo ngokuphinda-phinda. • Ukuba unezixhobo ezininzi ezisebenzisa isokethi enye, zikhuphe ezinye iiplagi uzifake kuphela xa usisebenzisa eso sixhobo. Zama uqinisekise ukuba awufakanga ezingaphezulu kwisithathu kwiplagi enye ngexesha. • Amanzi ahambisa umbane kwaye ukusebenzisa umbane kwigumbi lokuhlambela okanye ngasemanzini kungabangela ukukhatywa ngumbane. • Sicime isixhobo sombane phambi kokuba ukhuphe iplagi kwaye soloko usicima isibane phambi kokutshintsha ibhalbhu. • Ungaze ufake iingcingo ezingagqunywanga okanye iminwe kwisokethi. Ukubamba iingcingo zesixhobo sombane esisavuthayo kungakukhabisa ngombane. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 67 I-ENEJI Iparafini Ewe Hayi Izitovu nezibane zethu zeparafini zicocekile kwaye zivutha kakuhle. Iparafini ekhaya igcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo ekhabhathini okanye eplastikini exhonywa esikhonkwaneni esiphezulu esingenakufikelelwa ngabantwana. Iibhotile zethu zeparafini ziphawulwe cacileyo ayigalelwa kwibhotile zesiselo okanye zebisi abanokuzibhidanisa abantwana. Sisebenzisa ifanele (okanye sisike umlomo webhotile yeplastiki yesiselo) hayi ikomityi xa sisitha iparafini esibaneni nasesitovini. Isitovu nezibane zethu zeparafini zisoloko zikwindawo engathambekanga nezinzileyo kude ebantwaneni abadlalayo. Izibane zethu zeparafini zisoloko zigqunywe ngeglasi yesibane azivuthi zingagqunywanga. Iparafini yethu ithiwa entweni ecocekileyo kwaye asiyixubi konke nezinye izibaso ezifana nesipiriti, i-oli okanye ipetroli. Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yale mibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye ala manyathelo alandelayo: • • • • • • • • 68 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Gcina izixhobo zakho zombane zicocekile ngalo lonke ixesha. Izixhobo ezimdaka okanye ezinengxaki zifutha ziqhume kakhulu, oku kungabangela isifuba, iphika, ukukhohlela okanye inyumoniya kubantu bakowenu. Soloko uyigcina kwindawo efanelekileyo iparafini kude ebantwaneni. Iibhotile kufuneka ziphawulwe cacileyo ukuze bazi ukuba mabangaseli. Iifanele ezisetyenziswe ukutha iparafini ezitovini nasezibaneni mazigcinwe neparafini. Sukusebenzisa imagi okanye ikomityi kuba umntu angasela ngayo ngempazamo. Indawo emtyaba nezinzileyo ingaqanda ukuba izitovu nezibane zingawi zenze imililo. Kwakhona qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zombane zikude ebantwaneni abanokuzigila ngempazamo. Imbiza enkulu kwisitovu esincinci ingabangela ukuba isitovu singazinzi siwe sibangele umlilo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zakho zigqunyiwe kunganqanda imililo nokutsha. Soloko usebenzisa ibhotile ecocekileyo eparafinini. Iparafini engcolileyo yenza umsi omdaka noyingozi. UNGAZE uthatheke ufune ukuxuba iparafini nezinye izibaso ezifana ne-oli nesipiriti. Ukuxuba izibaso kungabangela udubulo kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu. Ipetroli exutywe neparafini inobungozi kakhulu ke yona. Ngamanye amaxesha iparafini ikhe ixutywe ngempazamo nentwana yepetroli enokuba ishiyekele ezantsi kwitanki lesithuthi. Yinukise iparafini yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayinapetroli kuyo. Ukuba inombala obupinkirha yibuyisele ngokukhawuleza kule ndawo ubuyithenga kuyo ubaxelele ukuba mabaqhagamshelana nalapho bayithenga khona. Ipetroli itsha ngokukhawuleza kuneparafini kwaye izibaso zixutyiwe zingabanga udubulo. Ijeli yepetroli yiyona ikhuselekileyo kwaye yithathele ingqalelo. Nangona ixabisa kakhulu kuneparafini, njengoko iyijeli ayiseleki kwaye ayichitheki, oku kunciphisa okuba ityiwe nemililo. I-ENEJI Amakhandlela, amalahle neenkuni Ewe Hayi Amakhandlela ekhayeni lam afakwa aqine kwiziphatho zawo ngamaxesha onke. Amakhandlela abekwa kude kunefestile ezivuliweyo neekhethini. Xa sibasa endlwini sinetshimini yokukhuphela umsi ngaphandle. Sisoloko sisebenzisa iinkuni ezomileyo kwimililo yethu okanye namalahle angaqhumi kakhulu. Xa sibasa phandle siyaqinisekisa ukuba kukhuseke kakuhle nokuba umlilo ucimile phambi kokuba singene ngaphakathi okanye sihambe. AMANQAKU EWONKE Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yale mibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye ala manyathelo alandelayo: • • • • • • • Thenga okanye wenze iziphatho zamakhandlela ezomeleleyo ukulungiselela amakhandlela avuthayo kunokuwancamathelisa ngamafutha wawo epleyitini okanye etafileni apho anokuwa lula. Ikhandlela lingafakwa nakwiglasi endala egalelwe isanti ukuze lime ngqo. Isanti iya kunceda nokucima umlimo xa kukho umntu oligilileyo elo khandlela. Beka amakhandlela kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo. Ungqameko lwefestile zindawo ezingalunganga emakhandleleni njengoko umoya unokuwawisa. Umlilo ungabangela ukuba nekhethini zilumekeke. Umsi womlilo unganobungozi kakhulu – abantu abaninzi minyaka le bayafa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya olusendlwini, ingakumbi abantwana. Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba ikhona itshimini yokukhupha umsi endlwini. Basa iinkuni ezomileyo okanye qinisekisa ukuba uthenga amalahle angaqhumi kakhulu kumthengisi wakho wamalahle. Iya kukunceda nento yokuba ukhangele iinkuni ezonga ieneji nesitovu samalahle esingasebenzi mafutha maninzi, nesingakhuphi msi mninzi ukuze wonge imalana. Qinisekisa ukuba indlu inomoya owaneleyo ukuba usebenzisa imbawula endlwini. Soloko uyibasela phandle imbawula uyingenise ngaphakathi xa sele amalahle ebomvu. Umlilo oguqulweyo – ukubeka amalahle ngaphantsi ubeke amaphepha neenkuni ngaphezulu – awuqhumi kakhulu. Xa uphandle, ingqame okanye ikhusi linqanda umlilo ukuba unganweni yaye ungaxaki. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 69 I-ENEJI Igesi Ewe Hayi Xa ndibasa isitovu okanye isibane segesi ndiqala ndiqhwithe ngematshisi phambi kokuba ndivule igesi. Amatanki egesi ethu agcinwa kude kunezinto ezikhupha ubushushu, ezifana nomlilo, isibane, isifudumezi okanye isitovu. Sithenga ugesi wethu kumthengisi owaziwayo ngokhuseleko. Siyaziphonononga izixhobo zethu zegesi nomthengisi wethu wegesi ukuba azisonwabisanga. Siyiphonononga rhoqo imibhobho edibanisayo, irabha zokutywina, iibhotile nezixhobo zikagesi ukukhangela ukugqabhuka okanye ukuvuza sisitshintshe okanye sisilungise isixhobo ukuba sibhaqe indawo evuzayo. Isitshixo sebhotile kagesi sibekwa khuselekileyo kude ebantwaneni. AMANQAKU EWONKE Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yale mibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye ala manyathelo alandelayo: • • • Qinisekisa ukuba itanki lakho legesi neendawo elidityaniswe kuzo zikwimeko efanelekileyo ngokujonga indawo ezivuzayo (jonga apha ngasentla) utshintshe okanye ulungise ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho iindawo ezivuzayo ezibhaqiweyo. Musa ukusebenzisa itanki legesi elalikhe latsha. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngetanki lakho okanye isixhobo sikagesi, zibuze kumthengisi wakho phambi kokuba uzisebenzise. Soloko uthenga kumthengisi obhalisiweyo nowaziwayo ngokhuseleko. Oku kungabhalwa ngaphandle kweli ziko lithengisa ugesi. Ukujongana neengozi Ukuba umntu ukhatywa ngumbane ekhaya 1. Cima kwindawo ekucinywa kuvulwe kuyo umbane. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, wucime umbane kwiplagi esedongeni apho isixhobo eso sifakwe khona. Ukuba kungenzeka, sebenzisa into engatsali mbane efana nomtshayelo okanye isitulo (umthi okanye iplastiki) ukucima umbane kwiplagi. 2. Ukuba umbane awucimeki , sukulibamba ixhoba kuba nawe uya kukhatywa. Endaweni yoko mtsale ngempahla umsuse. Ukuba iimpahla zakhe zimanzi, zikhusele ngokunxiba izinxibo zezandla zerabha ezomileyo, iphephandaba okanye iplastiki. 3. Lityhalele kude ixhoba kule ndawo inombane ngomtshayelo okanye ngesitulo. 4. Vavanya indlela ixhoba eliphefumla ngayo (liyekile okanye limane liyeka). Jonga ukubetha kwentliziyo ujonge uikuba ixhoba lisezingqondweni na. Biza i-ambulensi ukuba akekho zingqondweni, akaphefumli okanye nentliziyo ayibethi. Kubalulekile ukuzazi indlela ezilula zoncedo lokuqala, ezifana nokuvusa ngokumphefumlela emlonyeni nokuphulula intliziyo. 70 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI Ukuba umntu usele iparafini ekhaya 1. Ukuba umntu usele iparafini, sukuzama ukumgabhisa. Ivumba lingangena emiphungeni abe nenyumoniya. 2. Ungabaniki into yokusela okanye yokutya. Sukubavumela ukuba balale phantsi. Bamise ngeenyawo okanye bahlale ngokuthe nkqo. 3. Base ekliniki okanye esibhedlela ngokukhawuleza uphathe la bhotile. Omawukwenze xa kukho umlilo Imililo ayivuthi ingekho i-oksijini. Indlela engcono yokucima umlilo kukugalela isanti okanye uwuthi wambu ngengubo (uvale i-oksijini). 1. Soloko unebhakethe elikhulu lesanti okanye ingubo enkulu enoboya kufutshane nomlilo wakho okanye isitovu. Xa kusitsha, galela isanti okanye uphose ingubo kanye phezu komlilo. Isicima-mlilo singcono kakhulu. 2. Ungaze usebenzise amanzi kumlilo owenziwe sisibaso kuba oku kungawunwenisa umlilo okanye kukukhabise ngombane. 3. Ukuba imbiza iyatsha ngaphakathi, yivale njengoko umlilo ungakwazi ukuvutha xa ingekho i-oksijini. 4. Ukuba impahla zakho ziyatsha, sukubaleka. YIMA, UWE, ugqume ubuso bakho, UZIQENGQE emhlabeni ukucima amadangatye. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 71 I-ENEJI 5. Ukuba ulusu lwakho lutshile, pholisa le ndawo itshileyo ngamanzi ze uye ekliniki okanye esibhedlele. 6. Ukuba indlu yakho iyatsha, phuma ngokukhawuleza. Khasa ngezandla namadolo akho uye kumnyango okufutshane. Umoya oshushu (umsi) uyenyuka ke ngoko ukukhasa okanye ukugoba kuya kukunceda ukuba ube ngezantsi kumsi oyingozi kuncede ukunqada ukutsarhwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini. Ukunyanda izilonda zokutsha ezincinci. Faka le ndawo itshileyo emanzini abandayo imizuzu elishumi. Ungathambisi Vaseline, oli okanye amanye amafutha esilondeni njengoko siza kwanda. Mse ekliniki okanye esibhedlele ukuba isilonda singaphezulu kwesandla. Iinombolo zikaxakeka Khangela iinombolo ezichanekileyo zikaxakeka zengingqi yakho. Zigcine kwindawo esekuhleni apha onke amalungu osapho anokuzifumana lula khona, uxelele bonke abantu bekhaya apho zikhoyo nokuba zezantoni na. Yazi apho ikhoyo eyona fowuni ikufutshane. Iinkonzo zikaXakake zaseKapa Ezomlilo 107 Amapolisa 10111 I-ambulensi 10177 Inombolo kaxakeka yeselula yakwa-Cell C, Vodacom no-MTN 112 Iziko loLwazi ngeTyhefu laseTygerberg 021 931 6129 Iziko leTyhefu lesiBhedlele iRed Cross 021 689 5227 Iinombolo zikaxakeka jikelele IsiKhululo seziCima-mlilo esikufutshane Inombolo kaxakeka yesiKhululo samaPolisa engingqi yakho Igumbi lengozi lekliniki okanye isibhedlele sengingqi yakho 72 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo I-ENEJI IINKCUKACHA ZOQHAGAMSHELWANO NEZIBONELELO EZIKHOYO Imibuzo enxulumene nombane Imibuzo gabalala kwiiNkonzo zoMbane zesiXeko saseKapa 0800 22 04 40 Inombolo yasimhla yokunceda abathengi ngesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane ohlawulelwe kwangaphambili. 0800 22 04 40 Imibuzo nge-akhawunti/ukunqunqanyiswa kombane ngenxa yokungahlawuli 0860 10 30 89 Imibuzo ngendlela imitha yamanzi ebale ngayo 0860 10 30 89 Imibuzo ngombane omtsha/umbane otshintshiweyo 0800 22 04 40 Ulwazi oluthe vetshe ngamaxabiso ombane, ukufakelwa kweemitha, ukuvavanywa kwemitha neenkonzo zombane, yiya kwewebhusayithi yesiXeko seKapa ethi: www.capetown.gov.za. Cofa ku-‘IsiXeko Sakho’. Iqhosha elithi‘Amaxabiso kwiintanethi’ likunika uluhlu olucacisiweyo ngamaxabiso emakhaya nezinye iinkonzo ezifanayo phantsi kwendawo ethi ‘Isishwankathelo Ngombane (kundabakanya amaxabiso ombane wezinto ngezinto)’ Ukuba uwufumana kwa-Eskom Imibuzo gabala ngeeNkonzo zoMbane zakwa-Eskom okanye yiya kwa-www.eskom.co.za 0860 03 75 66 Imibuzo ngeengxaki zonke IiNkonzo zikaXakeka 107 Iiyure ezingama-24 0860 10 30 54 INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 73 I-ENEJI Ukuxela ukucima kombane 74 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Athlone 0800 22 04 40 Bishopscourt 0800 22 04 40 Bonteheuwel 0800 22 04 40 Camps Bay 0800 22 04 40 City Bowl 0800 22 04 40 Claremont 0800 22 04 40 Constantia 0800 22 04 40 Epping Industria 0800 22 04 40 Fish Hoek 0800 22 04 40 Grassy Park 0800 22 04 40 Guguletu 0800 22 04 40 Hout Bay 0800 22 04 40 Kommetjie 0800 22 04 40 Bellville 0800 22 04 40 Brackenfell 0800 22 04 40 Durbanville 0800 22 04 40 Edgemead 0800 22 04 40 Goodwood 0800 22 04 40 Gordon’s Bay 0800 22 04 40 Atlantis 0800 22 04 40 Bloubergstrand 0800 22 04 40 I-ENEJI Belhar 0860 03 75 66* Bishop Lavis 0860 03 75 66* Blackheath 0860 03 75 66* Blue Downs 0860 03 75 66* Cravenby 0860 03 75 66* Eerste River 0860 03 75 66* Elsies River 0860 03 75 66* Khayelitsha 0860 03 75 66* * Le mimandla ibonelelwa ngombane nguEskom. Ulwazi ngokusebenzisa amandla Umbane wesiXeko saseKapa, inombolo yomnxeba, 0800 22 04 40 I-imeyile: [email protected] Yiya kwa: www.eskomdsm.co.za xa ufuna amanye amacebiso okonga umbane I-The Green House Project unolwazi olululutho ngendlela zokusebenzisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo nokwakha okuzinzileyo, inombolo yomnxeba (011) 720 3773 I-intanethi: www.greenhouse.org.za Ulwazi ngokhuseleko lwesibaso Paraffin Safety Association, inombolo yomnxeba (021) 671 5767 LP Gas Safety Association, inombolo yomnxeba (021) 531 5785 Programme for Basic Energy and Conservation, inombolo yomnxeba (011) 339 6633 SABS Regulatory (for checking safety standards of appliances) inombolo yomnxeba (012) 428 6375 INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 75 I-ENEJI 76 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Amanzi bubutyebi bendalo yaye zonke izinto eziphilayo ezixhomekeke kuwo. Nangona efumaneka simahla kwiindawo ezininzi zendalo, apho kuhlala khona abantu amanzi (anokuselwa) anqongophele. Amanzi afunwa ngabantu angaphezulu kunakhoyo kwaye kufuneka imali ebonakalayo ukuze kufumaneke amanzi kwindalo aye ezimpompeni ekwimeko efanelekileyo. AMANZI Umjikelo wamanzi Amanzi ngoyena ndoqo ubalulekileyo wobomi bethu – abantu abanakuphila ngaphandle kwawo. Abalulekile kwezolimo nakwimizi-mveliso. Amanzi asetyenziselwa nokwenza umbane. Ukuze songe amanzi kufuneka singacingi nje kuphela ngamanzi esiwasebenzisa ngokwethu, ekuwaseleni nasekucoceni amakhaya ethu, koko kufuneka sazi indlela amanzi asetyenziswa ngayo ukwenza ukutya esikutyayo, iimveliso esizisebenzisayo nokwenza umbane wezibane nezitovu zethu. Ukusebenzisa amanzi ngobulumko kungawonga amanzi. Ilungelo lethu lamanzi UMthetho weNkonzo zaManzi (108 ka-1997) uthi bonke abasemagunyeni benkonzo yamanzi, abafana nesiXeko sakho, mabahambise amanzi afikelelekayo, afanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abosokolayo mabakwazi ukufikelela kumanzi abawafunayo, ngaxeshanye iNkonzo zaManzi mayibe nemali eyoneleyo yokujongana nokucoca nokuhambisa amanzi. UMthetho umisela ubuncinane bamanzi ekufuneka ikhaya ngalinye linawo ukuze likwazi ukwanezisa iimfuno zalo ezisiseko ukuba ibe ngama-25 eelitha umntu ngosuku. Oku kubhekisele kwikhaya elinabantu abasibhozo, oku 78 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI kuthetha ikhilolitha ezintandathu ngenyanga kwikhaya ngalinye. La manzi kufuneka anikwe onke amakhaya eMzantsi Afrika simahla. Amanzi kukwafuneka aphume empompeni ngesantya seelitha ezili-10 ngomzuzu, ukuba ikhaya elo alinampompo, mayifakwe kumgama ongaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-200 ukusuka kwelo khaya. Abantu abasebenzisa amanzi abanakuhlala bengenamanzi iintsuku ezingaphezulu kwisixhenxe zilandelelana ngonyaka. IiNkonzo zaManzi zesiXeko kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba amanzi akho ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela nezizukulwana ezizayo. Imilinganiselo yamanzi 1 m³ = 1 kilolitha (Kl) = 1 000 iilitha (l) 1 megalitha (Ml) = 1000 Kl = 1 000 000 iilitha Qwalasela oku: Ama-50 000 ukuya kuma-100 000 eelitha • Ukuvelisa imoto encinci kufuna ama-450 00 eelitha zamanzi Ama-3 500 eelitha • I-130 yeelitha iyafuneka xa kusenziwa ibhayisekile I-1650 ukuya kuma2 200 iilitha • Malunga ne-19 leelitha liyafuneka xa kusenziwa ilitha enye yepetroli • Kuthatha iilitha ezi-3 ukuvelisa i-1 000 yeewatt ngeyure. Uku-ayina, okanye ukupheka ukutya kwi-oveni yombane kusebenzisa malunga neelitha ezintathu zamanzi kwisikhululo sombane i-1 900 iilitha ama-500 iilitha ama-450 ukuya kuma630 iilitha (Environmental Monitoring Group, 2005) INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 79 AMANZI Umbandela wobonelelo ngamanzi Ukhulo loQoqosho kumacandelo ezoshishino nawezolimo ludala uxinzelelo kwizibonelelo zamanzi. Uninzi lwamanzi asetyenziswa eKapa afunyanwa kumadama agcina amanzi avela kwiimvula zasebusika eziba khona eNtshona Koloni. La manzi kuye kubonelelwe ngawo abemi baseKapa, ingakumbi ngenyanga ezishushu nezinembalela. Awona madama iKapa efumana kuwo amanzi yi-Wemmershoek, Steenbras Lower, Voëvlei ne-Theewaterskloof. Ukunyuka kweemfuno zokusebenzisa amanzi kunyanzelisa ukuba kongezelelwe imithombo yamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno azedluli amanzi akhoyo. Kusetyenziswa iprojekthi yeBerg Water eya kugqitywa ngo-2008 ukunyusa amanzi athunyelwa eKapa. Ngenxa yokushokoxeka kwamanye amacebo, iSebe laManzi naMahlathi kunye neSixeko liza kuphonononga ezinye iindlela kwixa elizayo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi emithombo kunye nokukhupha ityuwa kumanzi aselwandle. Kambe ke kuyabiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela yaye kungathatha iminyaka ukuplana nokumisela oku. Ukuba wonke ubani angalondoloza amanzi yaye awasebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo, izidingo zamanzi zingacutheka, khe kucothe nesidingo sokuba kuziwe nezinye iindlela zokongeza imithombo yamanzi. Imithetho kamasipala yamvanje iphunyezelwe ukuba iququzelele oku kutshintshwa kwendlela yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Ukusuka edamini ukuya empompeni: inkonzo yethu yonikezelo ngamanzi ISebe lezaManzi namaHlathi neSixeko saseKapa zingabanini beenkqubo zobonelelo-ngamanzi asetyenziswa siSixeko. La manzi ahamba ngemibhobho aye koovimba besiXeko aye kucocwa siwenze abe nokuseleka siwatshintshe ngokuwahluza athunyelwe kwiindawo ezihlala abantu. Ukuwacoca kwenziwa ngokwemiGangatho yeSizwe yoMzantsi Afrika yokuSela aManzi. Le migangatho iyahambelana naleyo yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi. Ukucocwa kwamanzi Kwiplanti yokucoca amanzi amanzi aye angeniswe kwitsheyimba yokuwenza ukuba azole ukuhlisa uxinzelelo nokuze ahambe kakuhle ngemibhobho. Emva koko aye afakwe ikalika yokuwacoca nokuwahlenga-hlengisa. Aye agalelwe kwenye itsheyimba enkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhemikhali zihlangene ngendlela eyiyo. Aphuma apho aye ematankini ukuze ezo khemikhali zikulo manzi zizinze ze emva koko zihle zibe yintlenge. Amanzi angaphezulu agalelwa ikhlorini phambi kokuba adlulele kwindawo asefwa kuyo. Amanzi asefiweyo athunyelwa kwelinye itanki aphinde agalelwe ilayimu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayabhalansa, kongezwe nekhabhon-dayoksayidi ukuqinisekisa ukuba loo manzi akenzi ukuba izinto agcinwe kuzo zibe nerusi okanye azichachambise. Kugalelwa ikhlorini yokugqibela ukuqinisekisa ukuba loo manzi akanazifo emva koko aphume kwiplanti aye koovimba besiXeko ayekugcinwa phambi kokuba athunyelwe ezindlwini, kumashishini nakwezolimo. 80 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Ukucocwa kwamanzi asuka koovimba aya empompeni Iimpawu zamanzi anokusetyenziswa emva kokucocwa (imiyinge ka-2006) pH 8.5-9.2 umbala ngaphantsi ko-5 i-oksijini etsalwe kwipemanganethi 0.8 inxalenye kwisigidi ubu-alkali (njenge-CaCO3) 28-32 inxalenye kwisigidi imichiza yeklorin (njenge-Cl) 25 inxalenye kwisigidi i-alumuniyam (njenge-Al) 0.2 inxalenye kwisigidi i-ayon (njenge-Fe) 0.04 inxalenye kwisigidi Ukuqina kukonke (njenge-CaCO3) 57 iinxalenye kwisigidi Imichiza yeeflorine ngaphantsi ko-0.1 inxalnenye kwisigidi Ithathwe: KwisiXeko saseKapa, uCoco lwaManzi kwiZiko lokuHluza aManzi laseKloof Nek Amanzi amdaka aphuma ezindlwini nakumashishini asuswa kwiipropati ngenkqubo yogutyulo. La manzi ahamba ngemibhobho aye koovimba besiXeko aye kucocwa, ahluzwe ukuze kususwe izinto ezinganobungozi ebantwini nakokusingqongileyo. Emva kokuba ecociwe, amanzi amdaka aye akhutshelwe emilanjeni ahambe ayokuphelela elwandle. IsiXeko asenzi nzuzo ngokubonelela uluntu ngamanzi nasekuwacoceni. Imali ezibizwayo zeenkonzo zamanzi nelindle zabiwa ngeendlela yokuba zincedise ekucocweni nasekusetyenzweni kwamanzi neziko lokuhluza amanzi amdaka. Imali yeenkonzo kufuneka ikwazi nokuncedisa nasekwakheni iziseko zokuphuhlisa amanzi ukumelana nendlela afunwa ngayo amanzi kunye nokongeza ezinye izibonelelo zamanzi nenkqubo zokujongana namanzi amdaka. nokuncedisa nasekwakheni iziseko zokuphuhlisa zamanzi ukumelana nendlela afunwa ngayo amanzi. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 81 AMANZI Ifoto: Mark Lewis AMANZI KWISIXEKO SETHU NgokoMgaqo-siseko wethu, oomasipala banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abahlala kubo bayawafumana amanzi. Njengabanikezeli-zinkonzo zamanzi kukwafuneka ukuba baqinisekise ukuba inkonzo yamanzi abanikezela ngayo iyafikeleleka, iyenoqoqosho ikwazinzile. Imiqathango yenkonzo yamanzi ibekiwe kuMthetho wooMasipala waManzi, ofumaneka lula kwiwebhsayithi yeSixeko (www.capetown.gov.za/water/) ukuba ngaba ufuna ukuyifunda. Ukufumaneka kwamanzi asisiseko neenkonzo zococeko Amanzi anokuselwa Ukususela oko kwasekwa iCandelo leeNkonzo zaManzi kwiiNdawo ezinaMatyotyombe kwiSebe lokuSasazwa kwaManzi leSixeko, ukusilela konikezelo zinkonzo kuphantse kwapheliswa eKapa. Namhlanje ama- 99% ayo yonke imizi kwiSixeko saseKapa afumana amanzi aselwayo kwisithuba seemitha ezingama 200 ukusuka kwizindlu zabo, njengoko kuchazwe njengelungelo elingundoqo labantu kuMgaqo-siseko wethu. Oku kwande nge 6% ukususela ngo- 2001, nto leyo kufikelelwe kuyo ngokufakelwa kweempompo ezimi emhlabeni. Isixeko sinethemba lokukuphelisa tu ukusilela, kodwa ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu, ukonakaliswa kweempompo nezinye iingxaki zolungiselelo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukufezekiswa kwenjongo ye 100% kusengowona mcelimngeni. Ucoceko Ukusetyenziswa kwemigqomo ukuthutha ilindle kwathi kwapheliswa kuzo zonke izindlu ezisemthethweni eKapa ekupheleni kukaJuni 2005. I-94.8% yazo izindlu eKapa ngoku inamanzi aphuma kwimibhobho yamanzi. Imvelaphi: (Isiphetshana sokuSebenza kweeNkonzo zaManzi (Meyi 2006) uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi, iSixeko saseKapa. Ubonelelo ngamanzi oluzinzileyo ISixeko sikwanoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba kuya kubakho amanzi awaneleyo kubo bonke abahlali nendalo jikelele ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. ULawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi kwiSixeko lunesicwangcwiso esimanqaku alishumi ukuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka koluntu neBhunga ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi 82 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI 1. Ukunciphisa ilahleko kuthungelwano nakurhwebo ngokugcinwa nokulungiswa rhoqo kwemibhobho yokusasaza amanzi nokubekwa esweni nokuqingqwa okufanelekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwizakhiwo zorhwebo. 2. Ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizindlu zeentsapho ezingeniso iphantsi ngothethathethwano, imfundo, amajelo eendaba neenkqubo zokubhaqwa nokulungiswa kokuvuza kwamanzi ezijoliswe kwiintsapho ezisezilokishini apho iziseko izezikumgangatho ophantsi yaye bezingakhathalelwanga ngaphambili. 3. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi liBhunga ngamabala okuphumla eSixeko anobulumko bamanzi nezixhobo zokonga amanzi ezifakelwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo zebhunga. 4. Ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kwemirhumo ngenkqubo yemirhumo nokubizwa kwemali eqinisekisa ukuba amanzi ayafikeleleka kumntu wonke, ezinzileyo ngokweendleko nekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamanzi. 5. Ukulawula ukumoshwa kwamanzi nokuqinisekisa ukuba lonke uphuhliso olutsha lunobulumko bamanzi, ngemithetho yoomasipala. 6. Iinkqubo zokufakelwa kwakhona nokuXhasa ngezakhono ezibonelelwa ngamajelo osasazo nezibonisa izixhobo nobuchule bokonga amanzi nezihlahla indlela yeNkqubo yokuTyinwa kwemibhobho yamanzi nasemva kokuba iFakelwe. 7. Unxibelelwano, imfundiso nokubizwa kwemali okucacileyo ukuguqula ukuziphatha ngendlela eyonga amanzi yexesha elide, ngamajelo eendaba, imisitho eyodwa, amaqonga nezikolo. 8. Ukunyusa iindlela ezizezinye zobugcisa namaphulo okonga amanzi ngohlaziyo lwamanzi, amaphulo okumbiwa kwamanzi nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka. 9. Ukongiwa kwamanzi eCCT kwixesha elide ngokuxhasa iNkqubo iWorking for Water, amaphulo ococo lwemilambo nolawulo nokubekwa esweni kokufunxwa kwamanzi emhlabeni. 10. Ukudala imeko evumelana nolondolozo olululo lwamanzi lwexesha elide nolawulo lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba le yeyona ndlela yenkonzo yonikezelo ngamanzi nokubeka phambili umiliselo lwayo. UMthetho kaMasipala weSixeko unyanzelisa ulawulo lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi NgoSeptemba 2006 kwemiselwa imithetho kamasipala yamanzi emibini kwiSixeko saseKapa – uMthetho kaMasipala waManzi naManzi aMdaka noMthetho kaMasipala woLwelo oluvela kwimizi yorhwebo (iGazeti yePhondo 6378). Iikopi ezipheleleyo zoku zingafunyanwa kwiwebhsayithi yeSixeko (phantsi kweeNkonzo zaManzi). UMthetho kaMasipala waManzi uquka i-10% yemiqathango esisigxina yamanzi. Eli linyathelo elitsha elincumisayo kakhulu elinjongo zalo ikukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela engeyiyo. Eminye imiqathango ebalulekileyo echaphazela iintsapho, efunyanwa kwiShedyuli 2 yoMthetho kaMasipala waManzi ibandakanya ukuba: • • • • • Akukho mntu uya kunckenkceshela isitiya (phofu naziphi na iindawo ezinengca) esebenzisa amanzi aselwayo (ahlaziyiweyo, okusela), phakathi kwezi yure 10:00 no 16:00. Akukho mntu uya kugalela ngombhobho amanzi okusela kwindawo elukhuni okanye enomgangatho owenziwe ngezitena ngaphandle kokufumana kuqala imvume kuMlawuli waManzi Kufuneka kubandakanywe izixhobo zokonga amanzi ezifana neentloko zeeshawara ezinkcenkceza kancinci nezo zifakelwa kwiimpompo, nezixhobo ezizizo zokugungxula izindlu zangasese kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezitsha nezo ziphuhliswayo kwiSixeko. Makungabikho mgqomo wamanzi wendlu yangasese ungaphezulu kwe- 9.5 yeelitha ngobukhulu. Azivumelekanga izixhobo ezizizalisa ngokwazo zisebenzisa ivelufa edadayo etsala amanzi kumthombo wamanzi aselwayo ukuzalisa amadama okuqubha namadanyana ezitiya. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 83 AMANZI • Abo basebenzisa amanzi kakhulu, abasebenzisa ngaphezu kwama 3 650 kl amanzi ngonyaka (njengamashishini, ngaphandle kweeflethi okanye amaholo ahlala uluntu) kufuneka balungele ukuphicothwa qho ngonyaka. Ubonelelo ngamanzi olufikelelekayo nolunoqoqosho Ukususela ngo- 2001 eKapa kuye kwasetyenziswa inkqubo yokubizwa kwentlawulo yamanzi ehamba ngokwezigaba. Isigaba 1 ngamanzi akho owafumana simahla yaye ezi litha ziyi 1 - 6kl zokuqala kubonelelwa ngazo simahla kubo bonke abasebenzisi bamanzi. Isigaba 2 ukuya kwi 4 ahlala efikeleleka kakhulu, aze aye enyuka kancinci. Ngomhla woku 1 kuJulayi 2005, imirhumo yamanzi yenyuswa kakhulu ngama 90% kwisigaba 5 (41 – 50kl) nange 190% kwisigaba 6 (ngaphezu kwama 50kl) ngenyanga. Isixeko sizama ukubonelela ngamanzi ngendlela enobulungisa ngakumbi – amanzi obonelelwa ngawo simahla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zemihla ngemihla, okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu; amanzi eemfuno ezingaphaya kweemfuno zakho zemihla ngemihla aya enyuka ngeendleko. Ityala lakho lamanzi Isixeko sifunda isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi phantse rhoqo ngeentsuku ezingama 30. Uhlawuliswa ngokwenkqubo yemirhumo enyuka ngokwezigaba ekhankanywe ngentla. Qaphela ukuba uyawafumana amanzi akho asimahla. Noxa abahlali befumana i6kl yamanzi simahla ngenyanga nganye, ayisoloko ibonakaliswa kanye njenge 6kl kwityala lakho, kodwa iba isisixa esiphakathi kwesi 5 nesi 6kl. Kungokuba isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi asifundwa ngamini inye nyanga zonke. Ukuba akukwazi ukuhlawula ityala lakho lamanzi uya kuhlawuliswa inzala kwimali osayityalayo. Ukungahlawuli kungakhokelela ekucuthweni kwamanzi kuwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufakelwa iqhoshana lokuqingqa amanzi kwimpompo ukuze amanzi aphume kancinci kangangokuba usapho lube nokufumana kuphela amanzi ayi 6kl yasimahla ngenyanga. Iintsapho kufuneka zenze isicwangcwiso sentlawulo yamanzi neSixeko. Ukuba kukhe kwanyikinyelwa isixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi, iSixeko sinelungelo lokuwavala tu angaphumi amanzi. Ukufumana ingxelo ethe vetshe ngeendleko zamanzi, ukufakelwa, ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa, uvavanyo lwezixhobo zokulinganisa nobonelelo ngenkonzo, ndwendwela iwebhsayithi yeSixeko kwa www.capetown.gov.za. Ikhonkco elikhawulezayo i ‘Online Services’ libonelela ngengxelo ephangaleleyo ngemirhumo yakwiindawo ezihlala abantu nezinye iinkonzo ezichaphazelekayo phantsi kwee ‘Nkonzo zaManzi’. 84 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Iakhawunti yaManzi Amanzi asetyenziswe kwiintsuku eziyi-36 amanzi asetyenziswa ngosuku iSigaba 1 6.3120 kl simahla – ngaphezu kwe 6 kl njengoko kufundwe isixhobo isithuba seentsuku ezingama 32- iSigaba 2 6.3130 kl @ R2.46 = R2.46 x 6.313 iSigaba 3 4.375 kl @R6.52= R6.52 x 4.375 Umrhumo ngokunyuka kwezigaba ISIGABA 1 0 kl – 6 kl: Amanzi akho asimahla. Ezi kl zokuqala zi 6 uzifumana nge- R0.00/kl. ISIGABA 2 7 kl – 12 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezi 5 uzifumana nge- R2.46/kl. ISIGABA 3 13 kl – 20 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezisi 7 uzifumana nge R6.52/kl. ISIGABA 4 21 kl – 40 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezili 19 uzifumana nge- R11.04/kl. ISIGABA 5 41 kl – 50 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezili 9 uzifumana nge- R25.00/kl. ISIGABA 6 ngaphezu kwama 50 kl: i-kl nganye ifumaneka nge- R50.00. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 85 AMANZI Funda ukufunda isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi Yazi apho sikhoyo isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi. Sidla ngokufumaneka kwibhokisi yemitha ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sakho. Kwizindlu zakudala, sidla ngokufumaneka apho umbhobho omkhulu ohamba amanzi ungena kumhlaba wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyasifumana yaye uyakwazi ukusifunda. Amanani amnyama = 1 000 kl 1/ isi10 selitha okanye 100 ml 100 iilitha 1 ilitha 10 iilitha Esibala ngokomthamo Amanani amnyama = 1 000 kl 1/ isi10 selitha okanye 100 ml 1 ilitha Esizisebenzelayo 100 iilitha 10 iilitha Ifoto: Tamara North EKapa kukho iindidi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo zokulinganisa amanzi: esibala ngokomthamo nesithelekelelayo. La manani amnyama kwezi zibali zombini achaza ubungakanani bamanzi asetyenzisiweyo. Kuye kuthathwe la manani xa kubhalwa ityala onalo lamanzi. Kulo matshini uthelelekelelayo, amaqhezu eekhilolitha abhalwe kwezi wotshana zinechokoza elibomvu ukanti kwesi sibala ngokomthamo kujongwa phaya kula ndawo inamanani abomvu. La maqhezu abomvu akajongelwa manani okubala ityala, kuwo kujongwa ukuba akukho manzi avuzayo na nezinye iingxaki ezinokuba zikho. Ilebhu yoQinisekiso lweeMitha yeSixeko imana ivavanya iimitha zamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zirejistarisha ngokwemiqathango yeSABS. 86 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Umhlali waseKapa, uNkskz Zenzele, uhlala nabanye abasixhenxe endlwini yosapho lwakhe. Baphila ngemali engaphantsi kwe-R1 000 ngenyanga. Noxa indlu kaNkskz Zenzele inempompo yamanzi nendlu yangasese enye kuphela, ityala lakhe leenkonzo zamanzi linyuke laya kutsho malunga nama- R17 050 ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngeendleko zeenkonzo ezifikelela kuma- R450 (55kl) ngenyanga. UNkskz Zenzele lolunye lweentsapho ezisoloko zisebenzisa amanzi ngendlela ephezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ukuze zibe namatyala amanzi ezingenako ukukwazi ukuwahlawula. Kwenzeka njani oku? Umgqomo wamanzi wendlu yangasese kaNkskz Zenzele unothanda yaye neqhoshana eliwubambayo ligugile – oko kusoloko kubangwa yimpahla yokwakha engekho mgangathweni. Noxa kunokubiza kuphela iirandi ezimbalwa ukubuyisela iqhoshana eligugileyo, kunye ne- R100 yomgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese, lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngumntu onobuchule bokusebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi okanye umntu onamava okwenza umsebenzi wezandla. UNkskz Zenzele akanako ukuhlawula umntu onjalo yaye bambalwa abahlali abanezixhobo okanye amava afunekayo ukwenza lo msebenzi. UNkskz Zenzele akakwazi ukufunda ityala lakhe yaye ubengazi ukuba iKapa sisixeko esinengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi. IPhulo loKuvuza kwaManzi – ivelatanci loluntu eliququzelelwe liQonga loMnatha woBulungisa kokuSingqongileyo leNtshona Koloni – lanceda uNkskz Zenzele ukulungisa indlu yakhe yangasese. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe amanzi ngenyanga kwehla kwaya kutsho kwi- 13kl ngendleko ye- R20 ngenyanga. iPhulo loKuvuza kwaManzi livelatanci lophuhliso loluntu oluzinzileyo elisebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abafana noNkskz bafumana isibonelelo samanzi esiqhubekayo, esisiso, esifikelelekayo nesizinzileyo. Iphulo eli sele liqeqeshe ulutsha lwasekuhlaleni kwizakhono zabaqalayo zokusebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi. Uphando lweziza oluneenkcukacha lubonakalise ukuba kumaxa amaninzi amaqondo aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwamanzi ebebangelwa kukuvuza kwimibhobho yamanzi yasemakhaya, ngokukodwa imigqomo yamanzi yezindlu zangasese ezingaphakathi kwimida yeziza. Malunga noNkskz Zenzele, abahlali abakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala asoloko enyuka yaye abanayo nemali yokuhlawulela ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi. Kukwanqongophele ulwazi lokulungisa, okanye ukuqonda ukuba amanzi bubutyebi obubalulekileyo obunqabileyo. Ukuhlangabezana noku kungentla, kunikwe imvume eyodwa yeBhunga (iSigqibo seMayco: MC 63/11/05) ukuba Iinkonzo zaManzi zenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kube kanye kumakhaya angathathi ntweni. Ngaphezu koko, onke amatyala abangelwe kukuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi kuloo makhaya alathiweyo aya kucinywa kuphela xa kuthe kwafumaniseka ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuhlala kukumaqondo alindelekileyo kwimijikelo emithandathu yokufundwa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi emva kokulungisa yaye libe lihlawulwe lonke ityala elikhoyo lamanzi. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa ndawo yonke siSixeko saseKapa esilungise ngaphaya kwe-11 000 yezindlu ezivuzayo saze satyala malunga nezigidi ezi-R4 ukususela ngo-2006 kule projekthi. Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwinkqubo yezezimali yeSAP lwabonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama- 45 000 amakhaya angathathi ntweni asebenzisa ngaphezu kwama- 30kl amanzi ngenyanga. Amakhaya angathathi ntweni alathwe njengalawo anezindlu ezibiza i- R199 000 nangaphantsi. La makhaya angama-45 000 xa edibene asebenzisa ngokwesiqhelo i-1000 000 kl ngenyanga – ngaphezu kwe-.5% yamanzi asetyenziswa siSixeko ngosuku. Kulindeleke ukuba kwakugqitywa ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe- 15kl kwikhaya ngalinye ngenyanga. Oku kuya kukhokelela kwisiphumo sokonga malunga nama-360 000kl amanzi ngenyanga – ngaphezu kwe- 1.5% yamanzi asetyenziswa siSixeko ngosuku. Iinjongo zeSixeko zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ISixeko sineenjongo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi namanzi amoshakalayo ngama- 30% ngo- 2020. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 87 AMANZI Ifoto: Tamara North AMANZI KWIKHAYA LAKHO ISixeko senza konke esinako ukunciphisa ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ekufuneka kufikelelwe kuko ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyawafumana amanzi okusela, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Ukunciphisa okuyimpumelelo kwe- 10 – 20% kusoloko kufikelelwa kuko ngamaxesha emiqathango emiselwe imbalela. Umcelimngeni ngoku kukugcinwa kwale meko ixesha elide. ISixeko asinakukwenza oku ngaphandle koncedo nenkxaso yabemi baso xa bebonke. Siziintsapho sisebenzisa kangangama- 60% amanzi eSixeko xa ewonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo esiwathathayo ukusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela eyiyo aya kwenza umahluko omkhulu kwiSixeko sethu. Iindaba ezimnandi kukuba oku kungenziwa ngendlela engachaphazeli lonwabo lwethu, ixesha nenkxamleko kuthi. Yenza uphicotho oluncinci lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho Angakanani amanzi asetyenziswa likhaya lakho? Niwasebenzisa phi awona manzi maninzi kwikhaya lakho? Ingaba kukho izinto ebeninokonga kuzo amanzi? Yandisa ulwazi lwakho nokuqonda ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho ngalo msebenzi ungezantsi apha. 88 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Umsebenzi Umndilili weelitha zamanzi asetyenziswayo ngomsebenzi Inani lamaxesha owenziwa ngawo umsebenzi ngosuku ngalunye Ewonke amanzi asetyenziswa ngumntu ngosuku ngalunye (iilitha) Inani labantu kwikhaya Ewonke amanzi asetyenziswa likhaya ngosuku Umzekelo: Ukuhlamba izandla nobuso 1.5 iilitha ka-3 ngosuku 1.5 iilitha x 3 amaxesha ngosuku = 4.5 4 abantu 4.5 iilitha x 4 abantu = 18 Ukuhlamba izandla nobuso 1-3 Ibhafu 80 - 150 5-imizuzu ishawara 80 Ukucoca amazinyo (usebenzisa itephu – 4 kungcono usebensise ipayinti) Ukugungxula indlu yangasese 6-21 Ukusela (ikomityi) 0.25 Ukuhlamba izitya (ngesandla) 18 isitya esincinci 36 isitya esikhulu Umashini wokuhlamba izitya 17-45 Umashini wokuhlamba iimpahla (umthwalo omnye we- 3 kg) 80 Ukuhlamba izandla (umthwalo webhafu enye) 40 Impompo evuzayo/ ethontsizayo (ithontsi 30-60 eli-1 /ngomzuzwana ngosuku ngalunye) Isitiya sokutya (nge-m² ngosuku) 4 Ukupheka (isidlo sabantu aba- 5) 3 Ukusebenzisa umbhobho wesitiya iyure 600 INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 89 AMANZI Bala ukuba ukusebenzisa kwenu amanzi xa kuchakiwe kuba njani na. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba ubone ezo zinto niwasebenzisa kakhulu kuzo amanzi yaye kuya kuninceda ukuba nizikhethele ukuba ningaziphucula phi na iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho. Kumaxa amaninzi, kangange-40% ukuya kwi-60% yamanzi asekhaya asetyenziselwa izinto ezingabalulekanga, njengokunkcenkceshelwa kwezitiya nokuzaliswa kwamadama okuqubha. Ukuze ufumane uphicotho olululo lwamanzi, yenza umdlalo wokuzonwabisa nongadlalwa mntu mnye woMcelimngeni woPhicotho lwaseKhaya ofumaneka kwa- www.capetown.gov.za. Jonga phantsi kwe ‘Isixeko Sakho’ nee‘Nkonzo zaManzi’ Umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi likhaya Uphando lwakutshanje lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumakhaya aseKapa obelusenziwa ngaBancedisi bezoBunjineli bakwa CE lwalathe le mizekelo ilandelayo yeendlela zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Kwenziwe olu phando kwiIntanethi lwaza lwasasazwa nakwindawo enezindlu zeRDP. La maqela mabini aphenduleyo ahluhlwa-hlulwa banzi apha njenganengeniso ‘ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu’ (Abaphendule kwi-Intanethi) namakhaya anengeniso ‘ephansti’ (uphando kumakhaya eRDP ). Umzekelo wamakhaya anengeniso ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu Umzekelo wamakhaya anengeniso ephantsi ’Ezinye’ ezifana nokupheka, ukuhlamba izitya nokusela – 14% Izindlu zangasese – 73% Iibhafu neeshawara – 19% Oomashini bokuhlamba iimpahla – 17% ’Ezinye’ ezifana nokupheka, ukuhlamba izitya neempahla, ukusela ≠ 8% Iibhafu neeshawara – 32% Izindlu zangasese - 37% Ukulima izityalo – 46% Ezinye – 54% Abo bahlali banezitiya (ngaphezulu nje kancinci kwesiqingatha sabo baphendule kuphando) – 46% (Isihloko: Amanzi – Asetyenziswa njani ekhaya, HE Jacobs, LC Geustyn no BF Loubser, Abancedisi kwezoBunjineli). Le mifanekiso isibonisa ukuba kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi indlu yangasese yeyona ndawo imandla ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu yangasese ayivuzi kubalulekile ekongeni amanzi – ngokufanayo kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi nanephezulu. Kumakhaya anengeniso ephezulu, izitiya yezona ndawo imandla ekunokongiwa ngayo amanzi. Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo namanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ayafumaneka kwicandelo elilandelayo. 90 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI AMANYATHELO ANOKUTHATHWA Ifoto: Tamara North Zininzi iindlela zokusebenzisa amanzi amancinci kwikhaya lakho. Iimbono namanyathelo anokuthi athathwe anikwe apha akayi konga manzi kuphela, kodwa aya kukongela nemali. Akanzimanga yaye akayi kuwuguqula umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ukusebenza ngamanzi Inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kukufumanisa apho likhoyo iqhosha elisisiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi akho ukuze ukwazi ukuwavala amanzi akho xa kukho imfuneko. Thatha esi siciko njengempompo enkulu yendlu yakho. Xa usivala, amanzi esuka kwimibhobho emikhulu aya kuvaleka ukuze amanzi ayeke ukumpompoza engena endlwini yakho. Xa uvala isiciko sokuvala ungeva ingxolo embhakrazayo okanye enga iyagqabhuka kwimibhobho yakho yamanzi. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi ‘hamile yamanzi’ yaye ibangelwa yinguqu yesiquphe kukuqukuqela kokumpompoza kwamanzi yaye noxinzelelo lwamanzi luyenyuka, nto leyo ibangela ukungcangcazela kwemibhobho yamanzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungakhulula izibophi ezibambe imibhobho yamanzi kwandise amathuba okuvuza, ngoko ke ukuvalwa kwesiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa ngenene kuyimfuneko (njengaxa kulungiswa ukuvuza). INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 91 AMANZI Ukuthontsiza nokumoshakala kwamanzi Impompo ethontsizayo ingamosha phakathi kwama - 30 ukuya kuma- 60 eelitha zamanzi mihla le. Ukuba ityala lakho lamanzi likhangeleka lixhome kakhulu – lixhome ngaphezu koko ubunokukulindela kuphicotho lwakho lwamanzi – khangela ukuba akukho zindawo zivuzayo na endlwini yakho. Iimpompo, iintloko zeeshawara nemibhobho ehamba amanzi ashushu kungenzeka ukuba iyathontsiza. Isibhaxu esiluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga kwisitiya sakho singachaza ukuba kukho ukuvuza komnye wemibhobho yakho ephantsi komhlaba. Oku kungaba ngunobangela omkhulu welahleko yamanzi. Ulwazi ngokufumana nokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho lunikiwe kwisiqendu ngasinye ngezantsi apha. Ukuncipha ngama- 95% ngokulungiswa kokuvuza kwamanzi! NgokoMthetho kaMasipala weSixeko waManzi omtsha akukho mthethweni ukuvumela imibhobho okanye amaqhoshana emibhobho yamanzi ukuba avuze (uMthetho kaMasipala waManzi, Sahl. 3, iSiqendu 42 (1)). Sathi sakuqala ukubeka esweni ukusebenzisa kwaso amanzi isikolo seMfundo ePhakamileyo saseRocklands kwiiCape Flats, safumanisa ukuba isikolo sisebenzisa amanzi ngethuba zivaliwe izikolo. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwimibhobho yaso. Iindawo ezivuzayo zafunyanwa, zalungiswa. Oku kwehlisa ukusebenzisa kwaso amanzi ngama- 95%! Ityala lesikolo lamanzi lehla ukusuka kuma- R2 000 ukuya ngaphantsi kwama- R200 ngexesha leenyanga ezintathu! (Environmental Monitoring Group, 2005) Kufuneka ntoni xa ulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi? • • • • • itangi enemihlathi enwetywayo ivayisi griphu 200 mm isipanera esivulekayo isijiji-zikhonkwane esintloko isibaca, kunye nolwazana oluthile nokuzithemba ngezakhono zakho zokuzenzela (DIY)! Qaphela: Phambi kokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi, vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi ozisa amanzi endlwini yakho. Sidla ngokuba kufutshane nesixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi. Emva kokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi, phinda usivule isiciko. Ukukhangela ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba Yiba soloko ujonge iindawo eziluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga esitiyeni. Oku kusoloko kungumqondiso wombhobho wamanzi ovuzayo phantsi komhlaba. Apho imitha yamanzi ingaphantsi komhlaba kummandla kamasipala, umasipala uya kuwulungisa umbhobho ogqabhukileyo ukuya kuma ngokuphela kwalo propati. Ukuba imitha ikwipropati, umasipala uya kukulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwimibhobho esasaza amanzi ukuya kuma kwindawo engena kuyo kwindlu yakho. Umnini makaqinisekise ukuba kulula ukufika kwezi mitha ngalo lonke ixesha njengoko oko kuchaziwe kumthetho kamasipala. Imibhobho engeyoyamitha ilungiswe ngumnini-ndlu. 92 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Uvavanyo olulula lokukhangela ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi omhlaba 1. Cela onke amalungu osapho akhe eme kancinci ukusebenzisa amanzi lo gama usenza olu vavanyo. Linda imizuzu engama – 30 emva kokuba kuyekiwe ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi phambi kokuba uqalise olu vavanyo. Qaphela ukuba kufuneka kungasetyenziswa manzi ngayo yonke iyure ethathwa kukwenza olu vavanyo. 2. Fumana isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi njengoko kuchaziwe phantsi kwesihloko esithi “Funda ukufunda imitha yakho yamanzi (p80). 3. Bhala phantsi oko kufundeka kwisixhobo sokulinganisa. 4. Jonga isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi ukubona ukuba ngaba amanzi ayahamba na kuso. Ukuba unesixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi esithelekelelayo uya kukwazi ukubona ukuba ivilana elibunkwenkwezi liyajikeleza na. Ukuba ivilana liyajikeleza, usenokuba unendawo evuzayo kwimibhobho yakho yamanzi. 5. Ukuba isixhobo sakho seso sibala ngokomthamo, amanani abomvu akwikona engasekunene yesibali sakho (arejistarisha isi-1/10 seelitha) akuva ngokukhawuleza ukuphuma kwamanzi yaye angakubonisa xa kukho ukuvuza okuthile ngokuthi akhawuleze aye kwinani elilandelayo. Abanye ooMasipala bayazitshixa izixhobo ezitsha zokulinganisa amanzi – ungabacela ukuba bakunike isitshixo saso. Kambe ke, kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba ezinye iimodeli zeemitha ezibala ngokomthamo zinamanani ama-3 endaweni yama-4 aboniswe emfanekisweni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ela nani libomvu lingasekunene lirejistarisha ngelitha nganye enyukayo yaye alikhawulezi ukuva amanzi adlulayo njengaleya inamanani amane erejistarisha isi-1/10 seelitha. 6. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwamanzi, bhala phantsi oko ukufunde kwisixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi kwiyure emva koko ubukufunde kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba kube akukho mntu ukhe wasebenzisa amanzi endlwini ngeli thuba, okanye uvavanyo luya kuba lolungamkelekanga. 7. Thabatha oko ukufunde kuqala koko ukufunde okwesibini. Oku kuya kukuxelela ukuba angakanani na amanzi avuzayo ngeyure nganye. Ukuba ufumana ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba Biza umntu osebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi ukuba alungise oko kuvuza, cela ukuba ufakelwe imibhobho emelana nokudliwa ngumhlwa (umzekelo, ene- polyethylene ephezulu). Qaphela ukuba imibhobho ehambisa amanzi asuka kumbhobho omkhulu kamasipala kufuneka ingavalelwa okanye ifakwe phantsi kwemigangatho eyikonkriti njengoko kuchaziwe kwimithetho kamasipala. Khumbula, iSixeko siya kulungisa nakuphi na ukuvuza kwamanzi okungaphandle komhlaba wakho, kwicala lebhunga lesixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi, ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Izindlu zangasese Umyinge wamanzi asetyenziswa yindlu yakho yangasese ungehliswa lula ngokulungiswa kakuhle nangeendlela ezilula zokongiwa kwamanzi. Imigqomo emidala yamanzi endlu yangasese ithwala phakathi kweelitha ezili- 9 nezili- 12 zamanzi. Imigqomo yangoku yamanzi endlu yangasese ithwala malunga neelitha ezi- 6 zamanzi. Ukuguqula indlu yakho yangasese ibe yileyo igungxula kaninzi (egungxula ingayeki xa umqheba usacinezelwe) okanye leyo igungxula kabini (egungxula ixesha elide negungxula ixesha elifutshane) kungakhokelela kukongiwa kwamanzi okufikelela kuma- 20% kwityala lakho lamanzi. Unako nokunciphisa umthamo womgqomo wamanzi wendlu yakho yangasese ngokufaka ibhotile okanye ingxowa eza kuthatha indawo yamanzi apha emgqomeni wamanzi wakho. NgokoMthetho kaMasipala weSixeko waManzi omtsha umgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese (ithoyilethi) kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-9,5 leelitha zamanzi ubukhulu (uMthetho kaMasipala waManzi iShedyuli 2 uLawulo loKusetyenziswa kwaManzi). INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 93 AMANZI Egungxula kabini: Ukufakela indlela yokusebenza kwamanzi endlu yangasese ngogungxula kabini, kufuneka kufakelwe umgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese omtsha. Oku kubiza kwisithuba se- R1 500 xa iyonke loo nto. Ezi zixhobo zigungxula kabini zifuna ukusoloko zihoyiwe kakhulu kunezo zigungxula kaninzi. Esigungxula kaninzi (ugungxulo olunqamkayo): Le yindlela elula ekwenza ukwazi ukulawula ubungakani bamanzi ogungxula ngawo. Wakube uwuyekile umqheba womgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese, uya kuyeka nayo ukugungxula. Oku kuy akungela ngaphezu kwama- 50% amanzi okugungxula. Indlu yangasese ekhoyo ingafakelwa ngokutsha indlela yokugungxula kaninzi. Uqikelelo lweendleko: R60 – R450. Ibhotile yeplastiki okanye i’hippo bag’: Ukufaka ibhotile yeplastiki okanye i’hippo bag’ kumgqomo wamanzi endlu yakho yangasese kuya kunciphisa umyinge wamanzi ekugungxulwa ngawo abize kancinci okanye angabizi nto kwaphela. I’hippo bag’ ibiza malunga ne- R17. Isingxobo, okanye ingxowa, kungcono ukuba ibekwe phantsi kwebhola leyo. Ukuba usebenzisa ibhotile yeplastiki ukucutha umyinge wamanzi asebenzayo, kuya kufuneka wenze umgqobho kwicala ngalinye lebhotile, apha kanye emagxeni, ukuze amanzi agcinwe ebhotileni (le ithathe indawo yamanzi) angabi madala. Ibhotile kufuneka yenziwe ibe nzima ukuze ingalabalabi. Ifoto: Tamara North Ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizindlu zangasese Indlu yangasese evuzayo ingamosha ukuya kuma- 100 000 eelitha zamanzi ngonyaka omnye. Oku kuvuza kunyusa ukusebenzisa kwakho amanzi kukutyhalele kwisigaba esingentla sentlawulo yamanzi, okanye inqanaba, yaye kungaba yindleko enkulu kakhulu. Ukuvavanya ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizindlu zangasese Nazi iindlela ezintathu ezilula zokukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba indlu yakho yangasese ayivuzi na. Kufuneka ulinde imizuzu engama- 20 ukwenza ezi mvavanyo ukuba ubusandula kugungxula indlu yakho yangasese. Mamela amanzi ankcenkceza engena kwimbiza yendlu yangasese. Cinezela intwana yephepha langasese kumva wembiza ngaphakathi eludongeni lwayo. Ukuba liba manzi, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ukuvuza. Galela amathontsi ali- 15 olwelo lokufaka umbala ekutyeni kumgqomo wamanzi wendlu yangasese (a). Ukuba, emva kwemizuzu eli- 15, amanzi akwimbiza yendlu yangasese abe nombala, kukho ukuvuza (b). Ifoto: Tamara North 1. 2. 3. (a) 94 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo (b) AMANZI Ukufumana ukuvuza Susa isiciko somgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese ujonge ukuba emi ndawoni na amanzi ngaphakathi. a) Ukuba amanzi akwinqanaba elinye nombhojana wevalufa yokugungxula, ngoko ke inqanaba lamanzi libekwe laba phezulu kakhulu okanye ivelufa yokukhupha amanzi iyavuza. b) Ukuba amanzi angena kumbhojana wevalufa, ivelufa yamanzi ibekwe phezulu kakhulu okanye ivelufa yamanzi iyavuza. c) Ukuba inqanaba lamanzi lingaphantsi kwayo yomibini imibhojana yamanzi, ivelifa yokugungxula iyavuza. Ukubeka amanzi kumanqanaba afanelekileyo Imibhojana engaphakathi kwindlu yangasese ithintela ukuphuphuma xa lithe inqanaba lamanzi kumgqomo wamanzi ashushu okanye kowamanzi endlu yangasese labekwa phezulu kakhulu. Amanzi ayakwazi ukungena kumbhojana onqanda ukuphuphuma wendlu yangasese, okanye umbhojana wevalufa yokugungxula onqanda ukuphuphuma, aphume endlwini. Ukuba amanzi ayaphuma kwimibhojana yakho yokunqanda ukuphuphuma, oko kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lamanzi akho libekwe phezulu kakhulu. Oku kungalungiswa ngokuthotywa kwevelufa yamanzi ngokugoba ingalo yayo kancinci iye phantsi (bamaa ingalo ngesinye isandla, lo gama uyigobayo ngesinye isandla – oku kuya kunqanda ukuba kungabikho nto yaphukayo). Ukuba ivelufa ifakwe ngesilungelelanisi sohlobo lwesikhonkwane, jija isikhonkwane ukuthoba umbhojana kancinci. Inqanaba lamanzi kufuneka linyuke lifike kwinqanaba elingezantsi kwevelufa yamanzi yaye ivelufa edadayo kufuneka ivale. Ukuba akwenzeki oku, yaye inqanaba lamanzi lisenyuka ube umgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese uqalisa ukuphuphuma kwakhona, kufuneka kufakwe elinye iqhoshana lombhojana odadayo. Ukufakela iqhoshana levelufa edadayo 1. Vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi – oku kuya kuvala amanzi angangeni kwindlu yakho. 2. Khupha isikhonkwane esicandekileyo nengalo edadayo. 3. Jija ukhulule isiciko. 4. Susa ibhola usebenzisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuyityhala iphume (vula isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi kancinci). 5. Jija ukhulule ibhola ukuze ukhulule iqhoshana elibanjwe ngaphakathi kuyo. 6. Fakela iqhoshana elitsha. Phinda udibanise iindawo obuzikhuphile (Isigaba 4 ukuya kwiSigaba 3 ukuya kwiSigaba 2 ukuya kwiSigaba 1). 7. Vula isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi ngokucotha ujonge ukuba ivelufa edadayo iyavala na xa amanzi efika kwinqanaba lokuzala komgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 95 AMANZI Ukufakela iqhoshana levelufa yokugungxula 1. Vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi. 2. Khulula ucingo lokuphakamisa kwingalo. 3. Khupha isikhonkwane esicandekileyo nombhojana osecaleni. 4. Susa intongana ejikelezayo. 5. Khulula intsimbi esezantsi esisangqa edibanisa ezinye ukhuphe iqhoshana. Qaphela: Khumbula ukuba belijonge ngaphi na eli qhoshana ukuze ufake iqhoshana elitsha. 6. Fakela iqhoshana elitsha, icala elithambekileyo lijonge phezulu. 7. Phinda udibanise iiindawo obuzikhuphile (iSigaba 5 ukuya kwiSigaba 4 ukuya kwiSigaba 3 ukuya kwiSigaba 2 ukuya kwiSigaba 1). 8. Vula isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi ngokucotha uhlole ukuba akusekho kuvuza na. Ifoto: Tamara North Iibhafu neeshawara NgokoMthetho waManzi kaMasipala weSixeko ubuninzi bomyinge wamanzi aphuma kwintloko yeshawara makangabi ngaphezulu kwe-10 leelitha ngomzuzu (uMthetho waManzi kaMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi). Ibhafu eqhelekileyo inomthamo ophakathi kwe- 150 nama- 200 eelitha zamanzi. Ishawara eqhelekileyo isebenzisa amalunga ne- 22 eelitha zamanzi ngomzuzu ngamnye. Iintloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi angaphantsi kwesiqingatha salo myinge ngomzuzu ziyafumaneka. Xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo, iintloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi amancinci ziyawaqingqa amanzi aphuma kwintloko yeshawara. Amanzi aphuma ngomngxuma omalunga ne5 mm anyanzelwe kwindawo ezama-zamayo apho ahlulwa abe zizigidi zamathontsana amancinci. Oku konga ukuya kuma- 50% amanzi – yaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane wokufudumeza amanzi. Iintlobo namagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo eentloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi amancinci ayafumaneka kwimarike, ukonga ukuya kuma- 30 nama 50% amanzi asetyenziswa kwiishawara. Qaphela: Kufuneka ama-600 kPa oxinzelelo lomgqomo wamanzi ashushu ukuze zibe nokusebenza ezi ntloko zeeshawara. Iintloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi amancinci zibiza phakathi kwama- R70 nama- R350. Xa uhlamba kwishawa, kufuneka uyiqaphele into yokuba ukuba xa uhlamba imizuzu elishumi, awongi manzi. Khumbula ukuba xa amanzi ephuma kancinci ixesha elifutshane, yaye uhlamba imizuzwana embalwa, wonga amanzi. 96 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Imigqomo yamanzi ashushu Njengemigqomo yamanzi endlu yangasese, imigqomo yamanzi ashushu inombhojana othintela ukuphuphuma kwamanzi. Kuqhelekile ukuba amanzi athontsize kulo mbhojana (okanye idreyini) uxonyezelelwe kwivelufa eyandisiweyo yokunceda. Xa amanzi ashushu esanda, kukhutshwa amancinci kuwo ngalo mbhojana. Ukuthontsiza kumelwe ukuba kuyeke bakuba ubushushu bamanzi bumi ndawonye. Oku kuthontsiza kuqhelekileyo kungaqhuba iyure yonke nangaphezulu. Kungaphuma ukuya kwiilita ezi- 2 zamanzi kulo mbhojana wokuthintela ukuphuphuma ngosuku ngalunye. La manzi angaqokelelwa aphinde asetyenziswe kwizityalo zakho zesitiya! Ukuba kukho ukuthontsiza okuqhubekayo okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi kumbhojana othintela ukuphuphuma okanye ivelufa eyandisiweyo yokunceda uze umyinge wamanzi aqokelelweyo apha ube ngaphezu kweelitha ezi- 2 ngemini, kukho ukuvuza kwamanzi. Ngenxa yobumbaxa yaye mhlawumbi nobunzima bokulungisa imigqomo yamanzi ashushu evuzayo, okona kungcono kukuba ubize umntu oqeqeshelwe ukusebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi ukuba akulungiselele le ngxaki. Iimpompo Kungafakelwa amaqhoshana angenisa umoya kwiimpompo zasebhafini nezasekhitshini, kuncitshiswe ukuphuma kwesiqhelo kwamanzi empompeni ukusuka kuma- 20 okanye 30 eelitha ngomzuzu, amaninzi kuwo emoshakala, ukuya kwisi- 6 ukuya kwi- 10 leelitha. Ezi zixhobo zokuthomalalisa ukuphuma kwamanzi zisebenza ngokugqithisela amanzi kwiglasana ebethelelwa apha kwimingxuma yeempompo. Amanzi aqingqwa ngomngxuma obukhulu buyi5mm ukuze kongezwe amaqamza ukwenza ukuba amanzi ahambe ngokuzola okungatshiziyo. Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwimpompo yakho kungancitshiswa ngama- 50% ukuyato 75%, lo gama uxinzelelo lwamanzi lumi ndawonye. Amaqhoshana angenisa umoya empompeni ajijeka lula. Noxa kunjalo, asizizo zonke iimpompo ezinokufakelwa ezi zixhobo njengoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba azinamsonto. Umsonto ombaxa ungena kuzo zombini iimpompo ezilungiselelwe imisonto yesiqhelo ngokwesini sobukhomokazi naleyo yesobudoda. Noxa iimpompo ezininzi namhlanje zinemisonto yesiqhelo, impompo ezindala zingafuna amaqhoshana okungenisa umsonto ukuze kufakelwe lula iimveliso zokonga amanzi. Ziyafumaneka. Jonga ukuba lungakanani na uxinzelelo lwamanzi (kPa) olufunekayo ukuze ezi mveliso zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomthetho kamasipala omtsha, ukuphuma kwamanzi kuyo nayiphi na itephu yesinki yokuhlamba izandla akunakuba ngaphezulu kweelitha ezintandathu ngomzuzu (Shedyuli 2 yoMthetho kaMasipala waManzi, uLawulo lweMfuno eMandla yaManzi). NgokoMthetho weSixeko waManzi wooMasipala ubuninzi bomyinge wamanzi aphuma kuyo nayiphi na impompo efakelwe kwisityana sokuhlamba izandla mawungabi ngaphezu kweelitha ezi- 6 ngomzuzu (uMthetho waManzi wooMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi). Iqhoshana elingenisa umoya empompeni libiza malunga nama- R35. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 97 AMANZI Ukulungisa impompo evuzayo NGEZIGABA EZILULA ezisixhenxe! Impompo ethontsizayo idla ngokuxela ukuba kufuneka ufakele iqhoshana elitsha. Ukwenza oku: 1. Vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi (umbhobho omkhulu ongenisa amanzi endlwini yakho) uvule impompo ngokupheleleyo. 2. Jija ukhulule isiciko. Xa ukhulula impompo, yisongele ngelaphu ukuze ingakrweleki. 3. Jija ukhulule intsimbi esisangqa edibanise ezinye. 4. Jija ukhulule imortyisi ebambe iqhoshana ukuze ukhuphe iqhoshana. 5. Fakela iqhoshana elitsha uze ubuyisele imortyisi. Qinisekisa ukuba unobukhulu obulungele impompo. 6. Phinda ubuyisele intsimbi esisangqa edibanise ezinye uze ujije ubuyisele isiciko. 7. Vala impompo, vula umbhobho ohambisa amanzi ngokucotha ujonge iindawo ezivuzayo kwakhona. Musa ukuyiqinisa kakhulu impompo njengoko iqhoshana elitsha lithambile yaye linokonakala. 98 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Oomashini bokuhlamba izitya neempahla Ukukhetha ngobulumko xa uthenga izinto zasekhaya ezintsha kungaba nefuthe elikhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi akho (nombane ngokunjalo). Khangela iimveliso ezonga amanzi nombane. Oomashini bokuhlamba izitya basebenzisa malunga nama- 40 ukuya kuma- 75 eelitha zamanzi ngokuhlamba, kodwa oomashini abagqibelele ngakumbi bangasebenzisa kancinci kangange- 13 leelitha. Aba bangasebenzisa nombane ongaphantsi njengoko emancinci amanzi ekufuneka efudunyeziwe. Oomashini abaneempahla ezihlanjwa msinya (izitya ezingangcolanga kakhulu) okanye iimpahla ezimbalwa baya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngama- 37% nokusetyenziswa kombane ngama- 29%. Oomashini bokuhlamba iimpahla ngokwesiqhelo basebenzisa ama- 150 eelitha Ukuhlamba Oomashini bokuhlamba iimpahla abagqibelele ngakumbi basebenzisa amanzi amalunga nama- 30% ngaphantsi nama- 40% ukuya kuma- 50% umbane ngaphantsi. Khangela oomashini abasebenzisa phakathi kwama- 37 ukuya 45 eelitha zamanzi ngokuhlamba. Kwakhona, amanzi ashushu amancinci athetha ukuba kusetyenziswa umbane omncinci. Qaphela, ukuba oomashini abonga amanzi baya kufuna isepha ejiye kakhulu okanye eninzi yaye ngaphandle kokuba kungasetyenziswa sepha zimbi, azikulungelanga ukusetyenziswa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka. Iingcebiso jikelele • • Oomashini abafakwa iimpahla ngaphambili umthetho wabo bagqibelele ngaphezu kwabo bayifakwa ngaphezulu (bonga amanzi nombane). • Nawuphi na umjikelo wokuhlamba kusetyeniswa iqondo lobushushu elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 60 umosha umbane omninzi kakhulu. • Ukuhlamba okukhawulezayo nokuhlamba iimpahla ezimbalwa kokubini kunceda ekongeni amanzi xa kuhlanjwa iimpahla ezimbalwa. Xa usebenzisa umatshini weempahla nowezitya mawugcwale ngumthwalo weempahla okanye wezitya. Izitiya Apho izindlu zinezitiya, ezi zitiya zidla ngokusebenzisa kangangama- 30 ukuya kuma- 50% awo onke amanzi asetyenziswa kwikhaya elo. La ngamanzi anyangiweyo, aselwayo (kudla imali ukuwahlambulula) yaye kufuneka sicinge ngobulumko xa sifuna ukuwasebenzisa ezitiyeni. Singagqibelela ngakumbi ngokunkcenkceshela ngamaxesha apholileyo emini, kusetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela okuthontsizayo, ukusebenzisa izichumiso zendalo nokufaka isitroyi kwizitiya zethu. Ezinye izityalo ezilungele ukutyalwa eKapa (ebezisoloko zikho) azifuni kunkcenkceshelwa nakancinci, ngaphandle kwaxa zisakhula. NgokoMthetho weSixeko omtsha wooMasipala waManzi izitiya azinakunkcenkceshelwa ngamanzi okusela, phakathi kweeyure 10:00 no 16:00. xa kusetyenziswa umbhobho wokunkcenkceshela ukunckenkcesheka isitiya ufakwe kwimpompo yamanzi aselwayo, kuya kufakelwa isixhobo sokulawula amanzi, kungafakwa nokuba sisitshizi ekupheleni kombhobho. (uMthetho waManzi wooMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi). INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 99 AMANZI Izityalo zemveli ezimibala-bala nezonga amanzi kwizitiya zethu Incam yeKapa ineendidi ezininzi zezityalo (2 256) kuneZiqithi zaseBritane xa zizonke (1 492). Ezi zityalo zemveli ziye zalungela ukumelana nobume bezulu nohlobo lomhlaba weli kwiminyaka engamawaka yaye inkoliso inamagqabi amancinci, angwevu, anencindi okanye anoboya ukumelana nobushushu nokoma kwehlobo. Izityalo zemveli zezona zilungele izitiya zethu yaye zifuna ukukhathalelwa nokunkcenkceshelwa kancinci, xa zithe zakufuna oko. Isitiya esele sikhulile esonga amanzi singandisa ixabiso lendlu yakho. Okukhona usenza isitiya sakho songe amanzi kwasekuqaleni, kokukhona kuya kuba lula yaye kungabinandleko ukusigcina sisihle. Wakuthatha isigqibo sokwenza isitiya sakho songe amanzi, thetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoko nendawo ekhulisa ithengise izityalo kwindawo ohlala kuyo, okanye jonga kwiphamflethi yeSixeko enesihloko esithi “Creating a water efficient garden”. Ukuba kufuneka ube nengca yokuphumla, faka ingca yemveli emelana neembalela endaweni yengca iKikuyu, efana neBuffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) ne Fyn (Fine) kweek . Ezi ntlobo zifuna isiqingatha somyinge wamanzi yaye kulula ukuzikhathalela. Ingca yokuphumla eseKirstenbosch Gardens (kusetyenziswa iintlobo zengca yemveli) inkcenkceshelwa kuphela kanye ngeveki ebusuku iinyanga ezintathu zonyaka (ehlotyeni). Kungenjalo, le ngca ixhomekeke emvuleni ukuze iphile, yaye iqhuba kakuhle. Ifoto: Tamara North Amadama okuqubha Kuthatha ama- 32.5 billion eelitha zamanzi ukuzalisa amadama okuqubha aqikelelwa kuma- 650 00 eMzantsi Afrika. INtshona Koloni inamalunga nama- 91 000 ala madama okuqubha. Xa imozulu ishushu kakhulu, amanqanaba amanzi amadama ngokwendalo ehla malunga ne- 0.5cm ukuya kwi- 1 cm ngosuku. Izigqumo zamadama zinciphisa ukuphuma komphunga ukuya kutsho kuma- 90%, zonge amanzi obuza kuwasebenzisa ukunyusa amanqanaba amanzi edama lakho. Iplastiki ekwenziwe ngayo izigqumo zamadama okugqubha Ibiza malunga nama- R40 ukuya kuma- R50 ngesikwere semitha. Izixhobo zobunewu-newu ezizisongayo nezinye izincedisi zingabiza ngaphezu kwama- R2 000. Qho ukuba usongeza amanzi kwidama lakho, nebhili yakho iza kunyuka. Ifoto: Tamara North Amadama okuqubha avuzayo angakhokelela kwilahleko engeyomfuneko yamanzi. Khangela iintanda ngaphakathi kwidama lokuqubha okanye indawo enengca eluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngcono nangakumbi, bhala phantsi ukuba kufuneka ulizalise rhoqo kanganani na idama lakho lokuqubha (oku kuya kuthi gqolo kakhulu ehlotyeni). Ukuba inqanaba lamanzi edama lakho lokuqubha lihla ngaphezu kwe- 5cm ukuya kwi- 6cm ngeveki, ngokuqinisekileyo unendawo evuzayo. NgokoMthetho weSixeko waManzi wooMasipala omtsha izixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zokuzalisa ezisebenzisa ivelufa edadayo etsala amanzi kumthombo wamanzi aselwayo ukuzalisa idama lokuqubha azivumelekanga (uMthetho waManzi wooMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi). 100 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo AMANZI Amanzi atsalwa phantsi komhlaba nakwimithombo Umthombo udla ngokufakwa impompo elapha emhlabeni ekwazi ukutsala amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba isebenzisa umbhobho ofunxayo kwi-8-10 leemitha ngaphantsi emhlabeni. Umngxuma ekutsalwa kuwo amanzi ongenzulwanga umalunga nama- 30 eemitha, lo gama imingxuma enzulu inokuba nzulu kangange- 100 leemitha. Ukumba umngxuma wokutsala amanzi kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu yaye kufuneka kuphandwe ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba kwenziwe. Amanzi avela phantsi komhlaba asenokungakulungeli ukunkcenkceshelwa kwezityalo. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba adlala indima ebalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo. Ngamathuba eembalela, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba avuselela imilambo xa amanzi ayo esezantsi. Ngamaxesha eemvula, iba ngamanzi emilambo ehlayo aye ezantsi emhlabeni; imilambo namanzi emiyo emhlabeni avuselela lawo aphantsi komhlaba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi avela phantsi komhlaba akangcolanga okanye akasetyenziswa ngokugqithileyo, umyinge wamanzi atsalwa phantsi komhlaba kufuneka ubekwe esweni . yiyo uMasipala efuna ukuba onke amakhaya anemingxuma yokutsala amanzi phantsi komhlaba abhaliswe kuMasipala. Amatanki amanzi emvula Noxa kungekho mthethweni nje ukuxomezelela itanki lamanzi emvula kumbhobho wamanzi aselwayo, kungaba yingcinga entle ukuzifakela itanki lakho lamanzi emvula ukwenzela amanzi okuhlamba iimpahla, ukucoca, ukunkcenkceshela nedama lokuqubha. Kungafakelwa nesixhobo sokusebenzisa amanzi emvula aye kumatanki amanzi asethoyilethi yaye oku kungacutha ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi xa kuflashwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwamatanki amanzi emvula kwimimandla efumana imvula ehlotyeni kunganenzuzo enkulu kunezo ndawo ezifumana iimvula ebusika. Kodwa ke, itanki elineelitha ezingama-5000 elisetyenziselwa ukuflasha ethoyilethi ebusika kungonga i-15% yamanzi qho ngonyaka. Oku kunokwenzeka xa amanzi ehla phezulu ephahleni ayi-80 m² ngexesha lokuna kweemvula. Amatanki amanzi emvula athatha imithamo eyahlukeneyo yamanzi: 200 yeelitha, 500 yeelitha, 1 000 leelitha, 1 500 leelitha, 2 500 eelitha, 5 000 eelitha nama 10 000 eelitha. Ngenxa yendlela amakhulu ngayo, kufuneka indawo enkulu yokuwafakela. Ukonga indawo, khetha itanki elimi ngqo ingelilo elilele ngecala. Ukubeka itanki emthunzini kuya kunceda ekugcineni amanzi ephole kangangoko. Qaphela ukuba elenziwe ngemathiriyeli engangenisi kukhanya lingenza ukuba amanzi abe nobulembu xa libekwe kwindawo enelanga. Itanki elibukhulu buziilitha ezili-1 000 likhangeleka ilelona longayo – nelithandwayo, libiza kwisithuba sama- R890 ngetanki lesiqhelo leplastiki eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Itanki elincinci eliziilitha ezingama- 250 libiza malunga nama- R530. Ukulunga nokungalungi kwamanzi amdaka Amanzi esithi amdaka ngamanzi asetyenziswe endlwini ekuhlambeni, ekuhlambeni iimpahla nasekucoceni. Kukho indlela yokuthatha la amanzi amdaka aguqulelwe kumanzi okunkcenkceshela izitiya. Bubalulekile ubukhulu nendlela emi ngayo imibhobho ejika amanzi esuka kumashini wokuhlamba iimpahla. Kufuneka izihluzi, iivelufa kunye novimba (wokugcina). Amanzi okuhlamba iimpahla anesepha eneefosfeythi anesondlo yaye angakhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. Noxa kunjalo, ulwelo oluninzi lokuhlamba izitya lunezinto azingazilungelanga izitiya zethu. Amanzi amdaka avela ekhitshini makangasetyenziswa ekunkcenkcesheleni izitiya. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 101 AMANZI Amanzi amdaka akasoloko ekhuselekile ukuba angasetyenziswa. Kufuneka wazi ukuba ungabeka esweni ngokhuseleko izinto ezingena emanzini ulawule le ndlela ngokukuko. Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, musa ukusebenzisa amanzi amdaka ukunkcenkceshela imifuno yakho, amayeza okanye iziqhamo oneenjongo zokuzitya. Xa usebenzisa amanzi amdaka kwisitiya sakho, kubalulekile ukuba amathontsi amanzi abe makhulu yaye amanzi aphumele ezantsi ukuze anganabeli kwezinye iindawo amanzi amdaka. La manzi makangatshizwa kwingca yakho ngeentsuku ezinomoya. Kungcono ukuwasebenzisa kwakhona la manzi kusetyenziswa indlela etofayo ewagalela kanye kwiingcambu zezityalo amanzi. Indlela yokutofa amanzi engcono ngakumbi yileyo isebenzisa imibhobho ephantsi komhlaba. Sukugalela amanzi amdaka kwizinto eziwathumela kwiidreyini ezisesitalatweni ngoba oko kungangcolisa izixokelelwano zemibhobho yamanzi ezithumela amanzi kwimilambo nemithombo yethu. Ezi ndlela ziyabiza kodwa ziyafumaneka eKapa. Ukufaka imibhobho yamanzi amdaka kumbaxa. Yenza uphando olunzulu ngale nkqubo yaye uqinisekise ukuba usebenzisa inkampani edumileyo. IINDLELA ZONXIBELELWANO NEMITHOMBO YOLWAZI Imibuzo ngeTyala laManzi kwiSixeko saseKapa: 0860 103 089 IZiko lobuGcisa laManzi leeNkonzo zoCoceko leSixeko saseKapa : 0860 103 054 I-imeyile: [email protected]; I-Intanethi: www.capetown.gov.za I-Ofisi yeNgingqi yeSebe leMicimbi yezaManzi naMahlathi, 17 Strand Street, Bellville: (021) 950 7100; I-Intanethi: www.dwaf.gov.za Iqumrhu lokuBekwa eSweni koKusingqongileyo (EMG) Umnxeba: (021) 448 2881. Imigangatho yokudizayinwa nokwakhiwa kwemingxuma yokutsala amanzi.: Jonga iSANS 10299 (2003) “Development and maintenance of groundwater resources”. Ne-Borehole Association of South Africa www.bwa.co.za. Uvimba weCandelo lokuFakela: A- Z wokuSebenza ngoBuchule ngeMibhobho yaManzi kwiZakhiwo zoRhwebo nezaMakhaya, CSIR, 2003. Zenza ntoni ezinye izixeko eMzantsi Afrika naphesheya ukonga amanzi? www.randwater.co.za www.umgeni.co.za www.savewater.co.za ngeendlela zalapha zokonga amanzi www.thameswateruk.co.uk www.sydneywater.com.au www.webfoundry.co.za ngoMcelimngeni woPhicotho lwaseKhaya www.ewisa.co.za 102 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa Ibhayodavesithi (iintlobo ngeentlobo zizityalo nezilwanyana) zizo zonke izinto eziphilayo, iintlobo-ntlobo ezifuzeneyo,neendawo ezihlala kuzo. ‘Bubutyebi bendalo’ behlabathi, obubonelela ngako konke ukutya kwethu nento eninzi yemithombo ekrwada. IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ayiloluhlu lweentlobo nje kuphela, kodwa ngokulandelelana kolwalamano kuthungelwano oluxandileyo, nesisaqalayo ukulunakana, ndingathethi ke ngokuluqonda. Indawo nganye kolu thungelwano luxandileyo luya luphela kancinane xa inxalenye ethile yalo iba buthathaka okanye inyamalala. Kubudlelwane bezityalo nezilwanyana kuqwalasela iintlobo, iimfuzo neendawo ezihlala kuzo, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo Uhlobo lwento liqela lezinto eziphilileyo ezineempawu ezizodwa. Ngeentlobo ezohlukeneyo kuqwalaselwa inani, uhlobo nokwabiwa kweentlobo ezikwindawo ethile eziphila kuzo izityalo nezilwanyana. Okwangoku asikakwazi 104 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA ukuphendula umbuzo othi: ‘ziziphi ezinye iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana esabelana nazo lo mhlaba?’ Iingqikelelo ziyohluka kakhulu, ukususela kwizigidi ezintlanu ukuya kwizigidi ezilikhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi seentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezichazwe ziinzululwazi. Iintlobo-ntlobo zeemvelo zazo Ukwahluka kwiiseli ezilawula imfuza kunika izinto eziphilileyo ithuba lokuqhubeka nokuchuma nokuhlala kwiimeko ezintsha. Imvelo yemfuzo eyohlukeneyo ibangelwa kukukhethwa kweempawu ‘ezithandwayo’ ‘ezisebenza’ kwimeko-bume engqongileyo ethile. Ukwahlula nokuxanda kweendawo zokuhlala kukhuthaza iintlobo ezininzi ngemithamo yokwahluka kwemfuza. Amaqela akhethekileyo awodwa, afana nalawo ahlala kwiziqithi ezincinane, okanye kwiindawo ezincinane zeendawo zokuhlala abekelwe bucala kwimeko-bume esingqongileyo, yaye adla ngokuba nemfuza engengako kunalo maqela ahlala ngobuninzi, kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Ngoko ke, amaqela akhethekileyo awodwa asengozini emandla yokubhanga. Iintlobo-ntlobo zonxibelelwano nendalo Oku kubhekiselele kwiintlobo-ntlobo zeendawo zokuhlala neendawo zeentlobo ezohlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezinxulumanayo kuthungelwano lwendawo yokuhlala etshintshayo ngokolwalamano oluxhomekeke omnye komnye. Iindawo zokuhlala zezo zisemanzini (amachibi, iindawo ezimanzi, amachweba emilambo, imigxobhozo, kumaqaqa aselwandle) ukuya kwezo zisemhlabeni (amahlathi, iintlango, iintaba, amadlelo ashushu, amathafa anengca kunye namathafa angenamithi angumgxobhozo). Ngokomlinganiselo wembonakalo-mhlaba yeendawo zokuhlala, iintlobo-ntlobo zeendawo zokuhlala zezityalo zibonakala ngeentlobo zemifuno, umzekelo: iiNtyantyambo ezikhula kwiNtlabathi yaseKapa neNtshinyela yemithi ekhula kwiNtlabathi yoSinga-siqithi weKapa. Ngokweqondo elincinane, kanye namabala ezikolo, iipaka zasekuhlaleni neendawo ezingasemva emakhaya ziindawo zokuhlala zezityalo nezilwanyana ngokwazo. Ixabiso nokubaluleka kweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zingangabonakali njengento eqhelekileyo okanye njengenempembelelo ngqo kubomi bethu eKapa, kodwa iyayichaphazela yaye inempembelelo kwinkqubo yamanzi, amandla, ubomi noqoqosho lwethu, nto leyo exhasa unikezelo ngamanzi acocekileyo, umgangatho womhlaba, unikezelo ngemithombo yamandla neminye imithombo. Umhlaba wethu sabelana ngawo kunye ne4 700 Yeentsholongwane 5 000 Iintsholongwane ezincinane 40 000 Yobulembu 1 170 000 Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo 47 000 Yomngundo 2 200 Protochordates 17 000 Yobulembu bomthi 21 700 Iintlanzi 16 000 YeBryophytes 5 100 Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini 13 000 Pteridophytes 5 700 Izirhubuluzi 750 Gymnosperms 4 700 Iintaka 250 000 Angiosperms 4 600 Izilwanyana ezanyisayo Uluhlu oluthathwe kwi- Biodiversity – The living link – Let us preserve it, UNESCO and Punjab State Council for Science and Technology INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 105 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zisiseko zeplanethi esempilweni (nokuphila kwabantu). Ngoku kukholelwa ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ezohlukeneyo ezichumileyo zomelele yaye zingcono kakhulu yaye zibuya zihlume kucinezelo ebezibekwe kulo olufana nembalela okanye indawo ezithathwa nezonakaliswa ngabantu kuneendawo zokuhlala ezingenazintlobo zininzi zezinto eziphilayo. Ubuninzi beentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunika iindlela ezininzi zeenkqubo zokuphila neendawo zokuhlala, ezifana nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwezakha-mzimba; ukuba enye indlela yonakalisiwe okanye itshabalalisiwe, kukho ezinye iindlela ezivumela ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ziqhubeke nokusebenza ngokomgangatho oqhelekileyo. Iintlobo-ntlobo ezincitshisiweyo zibeka iindawo zokuhlala ezisebenzayo emngciphekweni. Iiintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zixabiseke kakhulu: • Izityalo nezilwanyana zethu zendalo zicoca amanzi ethu nomoya, zithintela ukhukhuliseko lomhlaba yaye zibamba umhlaba ube ndawonye. Ezi nkonzo zisebenza ngobuchule obumangalisayo yaye zinikezelwa simahla. • Izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zibonelela ngomthombo wemfuzo osinika ukutya namachiza. Imfuza yendalo iphucula izilimo ngokubonelela ngokomelela namandla okulwa nezifo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngaphezulu, zizityalo ezingaphezu kwama-21 000 kwihlabathi jikelele ezichazwe njengezisebenza njengamachiza. • Oku kubonakalisa ixabiso lokugcina izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini kwixesha elizayo kuya kubakho ichiza lesifo esingumbulalazwe, kuya kufunyanwa isityalo okanye uhlobo oluthile lwezityalo ezikwimiyezo kwiizityalo zethu. • EKapa, nakwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ke phofu, imeko-bume engqongileyo ekwimeko entle ixhasa imveliso yezokhenketho, ibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala ngokusempilweni kuninzi lwethu. Impiliso ikwabonelelwa ngokulinywa kweentyantyambo ezifana neprotiya, izityalo zamachiza ezifana ne-bhutshu, nokuveliswa kwamanzi acocekileyo emithombo. • Imeko-bume yethu esingqongileyo yendalo isibonelela ngendawo yokufundela abantwana bethu ngamava nokwazi ngendalo, amabala avulekileyo okuzonwabisa, ubuhle nokuzola. • Zixabisekile kuzo nakuthi – njengaye nabani okanye ubomi bunexabiso. Kwimeko apho uhlobo lwezityalo okanye isilwanyana lungafumanekiyo naphi na kwihlabathi, sinoxanduva oluthile – xa sele kutshabalale olo hlobo lwesityalo okanye lwesilwanyana iba sisiphelo sembali iyonke yalo mfuza. Iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziyinzalelwane yalapha ngokuchasene nezo zizezamanye amazwe Igama elithi iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana lilodwa nje alohluli phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezifumaneka kwiKapa ngokwendalo nezo zifike apha ngokwesiphumo seentshukumo zabantu nangokwemisebenzi. Izityalo nezilwanyana ezikhula ngokwendalo – ezo ziyinzalelwane yaseKapa – zibizwa ngokuba yinkulelane yalapha. Izityalo nezilwanyana eziziswe ngabantu ngenjongo okanye ngempazamo zezohlukileyo zamanye amazwe. Iintlobo ezingezizo zalapha ezikhula ngamandla nezitshintsha iintlobo eziyinzalelwane yalapha zibizwa ngokuba ziintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha nezonakalisayo. 106 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Isizathu senkxalabo? Umbutho owaziwa ngokuba yi-California Academy of Sciences, noqhuba iZiko leMithombo ejongene neeNtlobo-ntlobo zeZityalo neZilwanyana, uthekelela ukuba iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 000 zezinto eziphila emhlabeni ziyatshabalala rhoqo ngonyaka, yaye iqondo lokutshabalala kwazo liyanda. Oyena nobangela wokutshabalala kweentlobo zezinto eziphila emhlabeni kukonakaliswa ngabantu kweendawo zazo zokuhlala zendalo, kuqukwa nongcoliseko lomoya, ungcoliseko lwamanzi, ukonakaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala nokutshintsha kwemozulu ibe shushu kwihlabathi – iimpawu ezininzi zichaziwe kumacandelo angaphambili ale ncwadi. Enye yeengozi ezinkulu yeentlob zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo kukonakaliswa ngabantu okanye ukutshintshwa kweendawo zazo ezihlala kuzo zendalo. Njengoko sisebenzisa amanzi amaninzi sonakalisa imilambo, nto leyo etshintsha nenkqubo yokusebenza kwazo ngokwendalo. Ukusetyenziswa okongeziweyo kokutya njengoko abantu besanda kudinga imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo ukuba yenziwe kulo mxokelelwano wendalo. Ukwanda okuya ngaphandle kweedolophu (ukunaba kweedolophu) kukwatshintsha ngokufanayo iindawo zokuhlala zendalo. Njengoko abantu bethutha kwiindawo zendalo zakudala akususwa izityalo kuphela, kodwa balandelwa ziikati, iimpuku nezinye izilwanyana ezinukuneza nezibulala izilwanyana ezincinane neentaka kulo ndawo. EKapa, imililo yamadlelo engaphaya kokuba yeyesiqhelo ebangwa yimisebenzi yabantu ikonakalisa izityalo nezilwanyana zethu zendalo. (Into enika umdla, ngamanye amaxesha izityalo nezilwanyana zichatshazelwa kukubaleka imililo yasehlotyeni – njengoko abasemagunyeni benoloyiko lokutshisa ehlotyeni nangona ilelona xesha lonyaka lokutshisa umphelo iintlobo ezithile zeentyantyambo kulungiselelwa eziza kuntshula). Sisonke sinxulumene kuthungelwano lobomi ngomoya esiwuphefumlayo, amanzi esiwaselayo nokutya esikutyayo. Ukuba sitshabalalisa ezinye iinxalenye zothungelwano lwethu, siza kutshabalalisa awethu amathuba okuphila. Ngokophando lweeNtlobo ezohlukeneyo zeZityalo neZilwanyana olwenziwa e-Australian, iPhepha elinguNomb. 1, ’Ukuphila kwabantu (nokwezinye izinto eziphilayo) kuxhomekeke ikakhulu koko kubizwa ziinzululwazi njengabavelisi bokuqala, izityalo ubukhulu becala. Ziintlobo zezityalo ezingamawaka amahlanu ezisetyenziswa njengokutya ngabantu, kodwa ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini kungoku nje zondla uninzi lwabantu nezilwanyana zehlabathi ngeli xesha iziintlobo ezintathu kwezine zezityalo ezinekhabhohayidrethi ezityiwa njengokutya okungundoqo kuninzi lwabantu. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo yenguqu kwiintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kukulondolozwa komthombo wemfuza yezityalo zasendle nezifumaneka ukongeza isiseko esisengozini sokutshabalala sezi zidlo zikhoyo, ibonelela ngokomelela kwizifo, ukuvelisa okuphuculweyo nokumelana neemeko-bume ezingqongileyo ezohlukeneyo.’ INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 107 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA EZOHLUKENEYO KWISIXEKO SETHU Umhlaba wohlulwe ngokwemimandla yezihluma/zeentyantyambo emithandathu. Imimandla yezihluma ziindawo apho izityalo (amaqela ezityalo) ohlukileyo kulawo afumaneka kwezinye iindawo elizweni. Ikona ekumzantsi-ntshona eMzantsi Afrika likhaya loMmandla weZihluma kwiKapa, owona mmandla mncinane weentyantyambo kuleyo mithandathu yehlabathi. Asikuba lo mmandla ungowona mncinane kuleyo mithandathu yeentyantyambo kwihlabathi kuphela, kodwa ukwangowona mmandla unomthamo omkhulu owohlukeneyo weentlobo zezityalo. Ummandla weeNtyantyambo eKapa unamalunga nama-9 000 eentlobo ezohlukeneyo zezityalo neentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. IKapa lifumaneka kumbindi woMmandla weeNtyantyambo zeKapa, nto leyo eyenza iKapa ibe ngummandla obalulekileyo kwihlabathi, nelaziwa ngokuba ’kusemsini’ wommandla weyantlukwano phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana zehlabathi. Phofu ke, iKapa laziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengeyona ndawo isemsini enezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo kwihlabathi ngokungenakulinganiswa. Iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana ezifumaneka eKapa zifumaneka apha kuphela yaye azikho kwezinye iindawo kumhlaba uphela. Ezi ntlobo zibizwa ngokuba ziintlobo ezisoloko zikho endaweni ethile kuphela. IKapa likwabalasela ngokuthandabuzekayo ngokuba yenye yeendawo ezineentlekele ezinkulu emhlabeni – ezo ndawo zisemngciphekweni wokuphulukana nenxalenye evisayo yeentlobo ezohlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana zazo. Le ke yingxaki enkulu kwiintlobo ezohlukeneyo ezisoloko zikho kule ndawo kuphela nezijongene nokubhanga. 108 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA IKapa likwayeyona ndawo ityebileyo kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo yaye lingqongwe yimeko-bume yeelwandle eyodwa neyohlukeneyo, nexhasa izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ezohlukeneyo ezihlala elwandle ezifana ne-Abalone, iMinemga ethile noKrebe oMkhulu oMhlophe. Ulwazi oluyinyaniso ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zengingqi: Iintlobo ezisoloko zikho kwindawo ethile: zifumaneka kuphela kwindawo ethile echaziweyo, umzekelo: kuMmandla weNqila yeKapa. Uluhlu loVimba weentlobo ezisengozini: uluhlu lwesizwe, olusekelwe kwinkqubo eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi, lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezisengozini yokubhanga. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • UMzantsi Afrika unenani lesibini ngokuphakama lezityalo ezibhangayo kwihlabathi Umyinge wama-70% oMmandla weeNtyantyambo eKapa kwiintlobo zezityalo ezingama-9 600 azifumaneki kwezinye iindawo emhlabeni. Malunga nomyinge wama-20% kwezi ntlobo zezityalo zidweliswe kuVimba wezo ziseNgozini. Ikapa ngokwalo lilikhaya leentlobo zezityalo eziyinzalelwane yeli ezingaphezu kwama-3 000, izityalo ezifumaneka apha kuphela ezili-190 nezingaphezu kwama-318 zezi zicingelwa njengezisengozini yaye ezili-13 zibhangile. Imimandla ephantsi yeKapa ixhasa iintlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-1 466 kumgama oyi-1 874 km² nalapho ama-76 eentlobo zezityalo izezo zifumaneka apha kuphela ze ama-203 ibe zezo zicingeleka njengezisengozini. Imimandla ephantsi yeKapa ineyona mithamo iphezulu yezityalo ezisengozini kwindawo nganye enezihluma ezisaseleyo ehlabathini. ULuhlu lweeNtaba ezikuSinga-siqithi weKapa zixhasa iintlobo zezityalo ezingama-2 285 kumgama oyi-471 km² nalapho ama-158 izezo zifumaneka apha kuphela. Ama-83 eentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zisekho eKapa, eziyi-24 zikuLudwe lwezo ziSengozini, ezintathu zibhangile. Ngama-361 eentlobo zeentaka ezihlala eKapa – eziyi-22 zisengozini, ezine zidweliswe kuVimba wezo ziseNgozini ze ubuncinane iintlobo ezintathu zibhangile kule minyaka isandula ukuphela. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo eKapa, malunga neentlobo ezili-111 zazo zifumaneka apha kuLuhlu lweeNtaba ezikuSinga-siqithi weKapa Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa kuphela. Kukho iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinokuphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ezili-27 eKapa nalapho iintlobo ezine kwezi zidweliswe njengeentlobo ezikuVimba wezo ziseNgozini. Iintlobo ezingama-57 zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, nalapho iintlobo ezintlanu kwezi zisengozini ngeli xesha ezintathu kwezi zibhangile kule ngingqi, nezifumaneka eKapa. Iintlobo ezingama-24 zeentlanzi zixhomekeke kumachweba asekapa. Kukho iintlobo ezili-18 ezohlukeneyo zezityalo ezikhula emhlabeni kwisizwengokubanzi nezifumaneka eKapa. Iintlobo ezili-14 kwezi zisengozini ngenxa yeenguqu ezenziwa kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala. IKapa liqulethe iintsalela zezona ntlobo zezityalo zisengozini kwisizwe Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos, Swartland Shale Renosterveld and Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld. Izityalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwimiyezo yehlabathi zivela eKapa nakummandla weeNtyantyambo zeKapa ngokubanzi. Ezi zityalo ziquka geraniums, gladioli, freesias, ixias, pincushions ne-gazanias; yaye iNtshona Koloni lelona ziko elinemveliso yezihluma zezitswele ezohlukeneyo kwihlabathi. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 109 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa UMgaqo-nkqubo oHlanganisiweyo olawula imeko-bume esiNgqongileyo kwiNqila neSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana eZohlukileyo UMgaqo-siseko wethu uchaza ukuba bonke abemi boMzantsi Afrika banelungelo lokuphila kwimeko-bume esingqongileyo esempilweni nekhuselekileyo kwizizukulwana ezikhoyo nezizayo ekutshatyalalisweni kwendawo esihlala kuyo. Ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemeko-bume esingqongileyo lunyanzelo oluhleli lukho lorhulumente wamakhaya. Ngo-Okthoba ka-2001 iSixeko saseKapa samkela uMgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala oHlanganisiweyo olawula imeko-bume esiNgqongileyo weNqila. Esinye sezicwangciso-qhinga eziphambili kwezo zintandathu kulo Mgaqonkqubo siSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana nendawo eziphila kuzo ejoliswe ukukhusela, ukulungisa nokuxhasa imeko-bume yethu yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo ekhethekileyo yeKapa. Iyantlukwano kwizityalo nezilwanyana neendawo ezihlala kuzo ayikhange ibekelwe so libukhali kwimicimbi yeSixeko kumasebe amaninzi aso nakumacandelo emisebenzi. Iindlela zokujongana neyantlukwano kwizityalo nezilwanyana ibisoloko ilawulwa yiyantlukwano, kukho oogunyaziwe abaninzi abajongene nokhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kummandla owaziwa kungoku nje ngokuba siSixeko saseKapa nto leyo ekhokelele kuququzelelo nokumanywa okungafanelekanga kweenzame neendlela zokusebenza. Amaziko ambalwa abhengezwayo asebena ngokusekelwe kwiziza ezithile, kunokuba kusetyenzwe ngobuchule besicwangciso solondolozo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990 kwenziwa umsebenzi obalulekileyo ukuchonga imimandla ephambili yolondolozo lwendalo, kodwa inkqubela yalityaziswa ngenxa yoxinzelelo nokungxamiseka kwemfuneko yokugcina inani elivisayo lezityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha kwiSixeko. Kwakucaca kananjalo ukuba akukho sicwangciso sifanelekileyo nesisebenzayo sokumiselwa yaye akukho mbutho unoxanduva lokumisela esi sicwangciso. 110 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ukumiselwa kwePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba yeTafile (eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yiPaka yeSizwe ekuSinga-siqithi weKapa) ngo-1998 kwasikhulula iSixeko kuxanduva lwaso lokulawula imisebenzi yolondolozo kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngo-1997 iprojekthi ejongene noLondolozo lweZiza zeNtyantyambo kwiKapa, eyenzelwa iSixeko nguMbutho ojongene neZityalo kuMzantsi Afrika yafumanisa iZiza ezingama-37 zoLondolozo lweeNtyantyambo eziBaluleke kakhulu kwindawo ekuphila kuyo izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo eKapa. Ngenxa yale ntsilelo iSicwangciso esijongene nendawo ehlala izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo sinika ithuba elihle kakhulu kwiSixeko lokuba sijongana ngokutsha neendawo ezinezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo yaye zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo zilondolozwa njengemithombo yethu ebalulekileyo yendalo. Iinjongo eziphambili ezisixhenxe zokwenza iSicwangciso-qhinga sendawo ehlala iZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukileyo: 1. Indawo enezityalo nezilwanyana eziphambili Oku kuquka ukumiselwa kwesixokelelwano semimandla yolondolozo lwendalo elawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kusetyenziswa injongo yokulondoloza izixhobo zocwangciso, kwachongwa iintsalela zezityalo ezithile, ezithi ndawonye nemimandla ekhoyo yolondolozo lwendalo neziza zeeNtyantyambo zeSixeko, zigcine isampuli yezityalo ezimele izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zeKapa xa zilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. 2. Indawo enezityalo nezilwanyana ezilandelayo ngokubaluleka Kwimeko yedolophu, iindawo ezivulekileyo neminye imisebenzi ephambili isengadlala indima ephambili yolondolozo lwendalo. La mabala aquka imilambo, iindawo eziyinxalenye yolawulo lwamanzi esitshi, iindlela zamabala, iipaka, imiqukumbelo yeendlela, iindlela ezigciniweyo nezothutho. Ulondolozo luza kwenziwa kwimizila ethile yeendlela, iindlela ezizidibanisi nemimandla esetyenziselwa iinjongo ezixubeneyo. 3. Ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukenyo ezihlala emanzini ahlaziyekileyo Xa siqwalasela ukubaluleka kwemithombo yethu yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo – imilambo, iindawo ezimanzi kunye neendawo ezinemigxobhozo – nebonelela ‘ngemizila eluhlaza’ phakathi kweentaba neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni, kuza kwenziwa ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo nolusebenzayo kwezo ndawo. Oku kuza kuzama ukukhusela nokuxhasa ixabiso lentlalo, lezilwanyana nezityalo nendawo eziphila kuzo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zemithombo yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo yaye, xa kuyimfuneko, zithintele ukwenziwa ngakumbi ibe yimijelokazi kwalo mithombo. 4. Ulawulo lwezityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo Izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo ziyingozi emandla kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukenyo eKapa. Le njongo iza kujonga uphuhliso nokumiselwa kweNkqubo yoLawulo lweZityalo ezoNakalisayo ezingeyoNzalelwane yalapha yeSixeko saseKapa. Okuphambili koku bubuhlakani namanye amaphulo nemibutho, ngokukodwa iNkqubo ejongene nokuSebenzela aManzi. Le nkqubo iza kuphucula idale amathuba ezoqoqosho kwiindawo zentlalo zabahlelekileyo. Njengogunyaziwe wengingqi, iSixeko saseKapa siza kumisela umzekelo ngokususa neengcambu izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha – ukuze abanini-mhlaba abazimeleyo bawulandele. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 111 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA 5. Umthetho nonyanzeliso-mthetho olujongene nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo Kuza kuxhaswa indlela yokusebenza ’engafuni nkathazo’ neza kukhuthazwa kusetyenziswa umthetho, unyanzeli-mthetho lwala maxesha kunye norhulumente ozinikeleyo. 6. Ulwazi ngezilwanyana nezityalo ezohlukenyeo nenkqubo yokukhangela Inkqubo eqhubekayo yolwazi nokukhangela iza kuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezifanelekileyo nolawulo ngokuphathelele kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. 7. Imfundo nolwazi ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo Ezi zicwangciso-qhinga sithembele ekubeni kuthengwe ze kufunyanwe ubunini bezityalo nezilwanyana ngabantu baseKapa kunye nokwabelana ngoxanduva phakathi korhulumente wamakhaya nabahlali abanolwazi ngemeko-bume esingqongileyo baseKapa ngokuphathelele kwimicimbi yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ukuze kwabelwane ngokufanelekileyo, kulawulwe yaye sibe noxanduva ngentsebenziswano lwemithombo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukenyo ezikhethekileyo zeSixeko. Iindlela zokoyisa izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha Iintlobo zezityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo zibeka ingxaki emandla kwizityalo nezilwanyana zaseKapa. Izityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha zikhuphisana nezityalo zalapha ngendawo yokuhlala, yaye kwimeko yezityalo, oku kongeza amathuba emililo yaye kunempembelelo engathandekiyo kwimithombo yamanzi (umgangatho nobuninzi). Ngokorhulumente waseMelika, izityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha zitshabalalise ngempumelelo umyinge okwisine ekhulwini we-GDP kwihlabathi. Oku kuphidwe kabini nesiqingatha kwi-GDP yase-Afrika idityanisiwe. Emva kokonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala ngabantu, izityalo nezilwanyana ezonakalisayo zingunobangela wesibini omkhulu wokubhanga kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezithile kwihlabathi. Izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo zitshabalalisa amandla okuvelisa omhlaba. Uhlobo lwezityalo eziziintyantyambo zaseKapa zinamandla amancinane okuxhathisa kunezityalo ezonakalisayo ezineziqu ezikhulu yaye zisebenzisa amanzi amancinane. Izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo zinamandla okuvutha angaphezu kwezalapha nto leyo ekhokelela kwimililo engacimekiyo etshabalalisa amathambeka eentaba zeSixeko sethu ngokuphindelela okoyikisayo. Izityalo ezonakalisayo zinamandla okuvutha ngobushushu bamatyeli ali-10 kunezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha, zitshabalalisa imbewu yeentyantyambo egcinwe emhlabeni, okanye ezilungiselelwe ukumelana nemililo engatshisi kangako. Ezazo iingcambu ziyamelana nomlilo, nangona kunjalo, kangangokuba izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha zidla ngokuntshula zomelele ngaphezu kwangaphambili kumhlaba osandula ukutsha. ISixeko sizama ukufikelela kwikamva leSixeko elingenazityalo nazilwanyana zonakalisayo. Ngokwenza njalo, siza kusebenzisana namanye amaphulo nemibutho, efana neNkqubo ephumelele ibhaso engokuSebenzela aManzi, nekhokelwa liSebe leMicimbi yaManzi naMahlathi, ngokunjalo neNkqubo ejongene nokuSuswa kweZityalo ezingeyoNzalelwane yalapha kwiPaka ekwiNtaba yeTafile. INkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi yasekwa ngo-1995 ngeenzame zokoyisa ingxaki yezityalo ezonakalisayo 112 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha nentswela-ngqesho. Le nkqubo igxile kuphuhliso lwentlalo – ngokukodwa ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, nalapho umyinge wama-60% ubekelwe bucala amakhosikazi, ama-20% ulutsha ze 2% ibekelwe abantu abakhubazekileyo – kodwa kukwenziwa uphando, kuphuhliswa imfundo namaphulo olwazi, kusaziswa amanyathelo angqingqwa olawulo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, kumazibuko nakwezinye izikhululo zemida yaye kuyilwa nesicwangciso esibambekayo sezomthetho. Sele kubhengezwe imiqathango emitsha phantsi kweSebe loLondolozo lwezoLimo loMthetho ojongene neMithombo yezoLimo ukuthibaza ukugaleleka ngamanani aphezulu kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukufundisa abantu ngemfuneko yokumisa ukwanda kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha. Ngephulo iSantam/ Cape Argus Ukuvuka Operation Firestop elibanjwe eKapa ukususela ngo2000 – 2005 ( ‘lo ngudoqo’ weNkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi), nalapho kwasuswa izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ukususela kumyinge wama-78% omhlaba karhulumente kummandla ongqonge iNtaba yeTafile. Ngumyinge okuma-21% kuphela womhlaba wabucala kulo mmandla owasuselwa izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha. Inkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi inenombolo yayo yasimahla (0800-005-376) ukucebisa amanini mhlaba nabanye abantu abaxhalabileyo ngezinto abangazenza. Sisenzo esingekho mthethweni ukungcolisa ngokulahla, kuqukwa nokulahla izijungqe zemidiza ukwisithuthi. Umthetho kamasipala olawula oku uza kumisela ngokukhawuleza izohlwayo ezingqongqo kwabo benza oko, ngeli xesha lowo unetyala eya kuba noxanduva lokuhlawulela umonakalo owenziwe ngumlilo kwipropati ekunokwenzeka oko kuyo. Ukumiselwa kwesicwangciso-qhinga Onke amaphulo akhoyo eSixeko aza kudityaniswa yaye uhlanganiso olukhulu lweenjongo zezitylo nezilwanyana yaye ziza kwaziswa kumasebe onke eSixeko. ISixeko siza kusebenzisana namaphulo abalulekileyo olondolozo lwengingqi, iSicwangciso seNtshukumo yaBanti nokuSingqongileyo eKapa, ngokunjalo nokuqinisekisa uthungelwano lwezicwangciso-qhinga nePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba yeTafile, namaphulo eCapeNature olondolozo lweNdalo. ISixeko asinakho ukuziphumeza iinjongo zeSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana ezohluneyo sisodwa. Owona mgaqo uphambili ulawulo esi sicwangciso-qhinga usebenza ngobuhlakani nemibutho eliqela nabantu abazimeleyo. Ubuhlakani obuphambili besi sicwangciso-qhinga buquka: • • • • ukuphuhliswa kobunkokeli bolondolozo lommandla ngokukodwa kwiindawo zentlalo ezazifudula zihlelelekile ukukhula kokubandakanyeka koluntu kulondolozo lwedolophu kusetyenziswa amanyathelo okusebenza ngqo kunokugxininisa kwimibutho nakwiintlanganiso uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kuluntu oluhlelelekileyo ngokwandiswa kobuchule bezoqoqosho kwimithombo yethu yendalo ukwakha inkxaso nokukwabelana ngoxanduva. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 113 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ulondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats Ulondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats yintsebenziswano eyodwa phakathi kweSixeko saseKapa, iZiko leSizwe elijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana ezoHlukeneyo kuMzantsi Afrika, iNgxowa-mali yeNtaba yeTafile (WWF-SA) kunye noMbutho wobuNzululwazi ngeZityalo woMzantsi Afrika, omanyene Nombutho weNtshukumo yoLuntu lweKapa nokuSingqongileyo (C.A.P.E). Injongo yale projekthi kukuziqhelisa ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemimandla yolondolozo lwendalo ngendlela enenzuzo kwiindawo zentlalo ezingqongileyo, ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho ingeniso iphantsi yaye neemeko zentlalo zingaphucukanga. Le projekthi yaphuhliswa ngokomxholo woMgaqo-nkqubo oHlanganisiweyo olawula imeko-bume esiNgqongileyo kwiNqila yeSixeko saseKapa neSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Iziza zolingo ezikhethiweyo yayizezi: iPaka yeeNdawo eziManzi i-Edith Stephens, ummandla woLondolozo lweNdalo eWolfgat, ummandla weeNgquzu noLondolozo lweNdalo eMacassar nase-Harmony Flats. Oku kuyinxalenye yeSixokelelwano lweZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukeneyo seSixeko, nesibandakanya iintlobo ezibalulekileyo nezohlukeneyo zezityalo yaye sifumaneka sinxuse ezinye zezona ndawo zihlelekileyo zaseKapa, nalapho inzuzo yezemfundo, yokuzonwabisa neyezoqoqosho iziswa ngeprojekthi enokuvakala ngokukuko. Umbutho woLondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-2002, usakha yaye uxhasa amaphulo akhoyo kwisiza ngasinye. Umbutho woLondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats uxhase iinkqubo ekwaphuhliswa kuzo amaphulo okusingqongileyo engingqi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abanempembelelo emandla kumaphulo okusingqongileyo engingqi kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo loluntu lwengingqi. Kwanyuswa ingxowa kulungiselelwa ukuqesha nokuqeqesha abalondolozo abatsha bendalo abaza kwenza umsebenzi wolawulo lolondolozo kwiindawo ezinezityalo zolingo. Umbutho woLondolozo lweNdalo awuloziko ngokunokwawo, kodwa yiprojekthi encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi. ISixeko sihleli sinoxanduva solawulo lwemihla ngemihla lweziza yaye iqela lolondolozo lwendalo liphethwe ngabalawuli bemisebenzi kwiSixeko. Kwamiselwa iindlela ezintsha zolawulo lolondolozo lwendalo – ngentsebenziswano emandla phakathi kweqela lolondolozo noluntu. Kwagxilwa ingakumbi kuthatho-nxaxheba loLuntu ngokusebenza, kunokusebenzisa imibutho yenkxaso, ngokunjalo neentshukumo ezincinane ezikhokelela kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Umzekelo, umnqweno wokufumana ulutsha lwengingqi lizibandakanye ekugadeni iintaka kwisiza ezinye kwajongwana nako ekuqaleni ngokusindleka imiboniso yezikhalo zeentaka njengenxalenye yenkqubo yeeholide zezikolo. Amalungu olutsha amabini azimasa le projekthi abonisa umdla kungoku nje aqeqeshwa njengamagosa agada iintaka. Umbuzo owenziwa yititshala yengingqi ngolwazi lokusingqongileyo wakhokelela kuphuhliso loqeqesho olwenziwa rhoqo ngekota kummandla woLondolozo lweNdalo eCape Flats, intsebenziswano phakathi kwale projekthi neNkqubo ejongene neMfundo ngokuSingqongileyo yeZikolo ebandakanya abafundi abavela kummandla we-Cape Flats abali-100 behamba uhambo olude oluya kummandla we-Wolfgat, umyezo wezityalo neentyantyambo ePhilippi ukuya kwiPaka yeNdawo eManzi i-Edith Stephens. Apha endleleni bafunda ngemeko-bume yendalo nezinto ezisingqongileyo ezenziweyo zeSixeko sabo, ngaxeshanye bephuhlisa izakhono zobunkokeli nezokusebenza ngokwamaqela. Umceli-mngeni wombutho wolondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats kukuguqula iintshukumo ezincinane zibe ziinkqubo eziqhubekayo ezisebenza ngokuzimela. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yeeNgquzu eMacassar umceli-mngeni kukuguqula le nkqubo ibe ‘yeyeentsuku ezikhuselekileyo’, nalapho amakhulu-khulu abafundi betyelela ezi ngquzu ukuya kwenza imisetyenzana yabo yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo, ‘kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo’, nalapho kukhuselekile kumaqela amancinane ukuba ahambe engakhokelwa, ze ekugqibeleni ziguqulelwe ‘kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo yezoqoqosho nelinye ixabiso’ nezitsala umdla wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha ukuba batyelele le ndawo. Ithathwe: Biodiversity for the People: Intsebenziswano yoluntu ekhokelela kwimisebenzi yolondolozo lwendalo kummandla we-Cape Flats, Goldman, T, Mzwandile, L,P no-Hendricks, L. 114 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Imiyezo yolondolozo lwendalo eKapa ISixeko saseKapa sinoluhlu olubukekayo lwemiyezo yolondolozo lwendalo neendawo zolondolozo ezilungiselelwe ukuba abahlali neendwendwe zizonwabise kuzo. Kukho uluhlu olugcweleyo, nolwazi oluphathelele kwezi ndawo, nolunokufumaneka ekupheleni kwesi sahluko kwicandelo elijongene neMithombo noludwe lwaMaxwebhu ekufuyenwe kuwo ulwazi. IXoxo elibuNgwe (Leopard Toad) laseNtshona – Isilwanyana soLondolozo esiseziDolophini Ixoxo elibuNgwe laseNtshona lisele elinomdlandla kodwa elisengozini yokubhanga. Eli xoxo lifumaneka kuphela kwimimandla enonxweme ukusuka eKapa ukuya eGulhas. Lizalela emanzini – kwezi ntsuku oku kwenzeka kwimihlaba yoluntu okanye yabucala apho kukho iziza ezimbalwa ezijikelezwe zizakhiwo zasezidolophini. Ngoko ke, intsebenziswano nabahlali abanegadi anokufumaneka kuzo la maxoxo xa engazali ibalulekile ukuze aqhubeke ephila. Enye ingozi yawo ziimoto yaye amaxoxo amaninzi afa ewela indlela ebusika. La maxoxo akhuselwe ngumthetho yaye akuvumelekanga ukuba uwaqokelele okanye uwase kwenye indawo. Xa ufuna ulwazi oluthe xhaxhe ngala maxoxo naxa ufuna ukuwaqonda, yiya ku-www.leopard.co.za INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 115 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA EZOHLUKENEYO NEKHAYA LAKHO OKANYE INGINGQI OHLALA KUYO ISixeko asinako ukuphumeza iinjongo zeSicwangciso-qhinga saso seZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukeneyo sisodwa. Umgaqo obalulekileyo oxhasa esi sicwangciso-qhinga usebenzisana nemibutho eliqela nabantu abohlukeneyo. Ukuba sekhaya kweli lifa linomtsalane lezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kuthetha ukuba thina bemi baseKapa sinoxanduva olukhulu lokukhathalela le ndalo ililifa lethu. Indalo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ezifumaneka eKapa zisengozini emandla yaye ukuba asizilawuli sizilondoloze ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zethu neendawo ezihlala kuzo esinazo okwangoku ziza kutshabalala umphelo. Ngokwengxoxo sisisizukulwana sokugqibela esinethuba lokusindisa uninzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana zethu. Ukuba asithathi manyathelo kwangoku, izizukulwana ezizayo azisayi kubona okanye zingcamle kwizinto esinazo ngoku. 116 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ezinye zezona ngozi zinkulu kwizityalo nezilwanyana zethu ezohlukeneyo eKapa ziquka: • • • • • • Ukunaba nokuphuhliswa kwedolophu Ukwanda kwenani labantu Ukunaba kweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezonakalisayo nezingeyonzalelwane yalapha Ubuxelegu, ukulahla izinto nongcoliseko Imililo yamadlelo etshisa rhoqo, ebangwa ngabantu Ukhuseleko olugqithisileyo kwimililo kwezinye iindawo Uvavanyo: Ingaba uzikhathalele kangakanani izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo? Ewe Hayi Ingaba usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba umdiza ovuthayo awulahlwa ngefestile yenqwelomafutha yakho? Ingaba usoloko uya kulahla amaqhekeza akho amatye okanye inkunkuma yasegadini kwindawo yokulahla emiselwe oko akuyishiyi edlelweni? Ingaba usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba i-oyile okanye ezinye iimveliso zemichiza zilahlwa kwiindawo zokulahla ezimiselwe oko azilahlwa kumabala avulekileyo okanye kwimingxuma yamanzi? Ingaba unazo izityalo ezohlukeneyo eziyinzalelwane yalapha kwigadi yakho kunye/okanye kwingingqi yakho? Ingaba unazo iintaka eziyinzalelwane yalapha ezityelela igadi yakho rhoqo? Ingaba unawo amacilikishe,amasele okanye izinambuzane eziyinzalelwane yalapha ezifana nomntan’ezulu okanye amavingivane/amanundu kwigadi yakho kunye/okanye kwingingqi yakho? Ingaba ulususe lonke ukhula olonakalisayo olungeyonzalelwane yalapha, ngokubalulekileyo iRooikrans, Port Jackson, Kikuyu, Fountain Grass, Lantana ne-Chromolaena, kwigadi yakho? Ingaba ikati yakho inekhola okanye intsimbi yokulumkisa ngalo ndlela ikhusela izilwanyana ezincinane eziyinzalelwane yalapha? Ingaba uyakuthintela ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi okanye iyeza lokubulala izityalo ezinezikhondo ezitshabalalisayo kwigadi yakho? Ingaba uyawaxhasa amaphulo engingqi yakho okulondoloza iindawo zendalo okanye ’nityale uhlaza’ kumabala enu engingqi? Ukuba uphendule ngo-ewe kwimibuzo emithathu okanye ngaphezulu usendleleni eya ekubeni ‘negadi/indawo esemva kwendlu yakho’ yezityalo nezilwanyana esempilweni! Ukuba uphendule ngo-hayi, uninzi lweengcebiso ezikwisahluko esithi Amanyathelo aSebenzayo zingakunceda uqalise ukuhlala ngokusempilweni. INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 117 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa AMANYATHELO ASEBENZAYO Umhlaba ubungayindawo enesithukuthezi kwi-Homo sapiens (abantu) ngaphandle kwelizwi lentaka, ukubona kweentyantyambo ezidubuleyo unyaka ngamnye, ithemba lokubona icilikishe elityeni, ukwazi nje ukuba iindlovu neengonyama zisazibhadulela ngokukhululekileyo. Zininzi iindlela esinokuba negalelo ngazo ekusindiseni nasekukhuseleni izityalo nezilwanyana ezizodwa nezikhethekileyo esinazo eKapa. Nazi ezinye iindlela eninokuthi na njengabantu nanjengekhaya nikhusele yaye nilondoloze ngazo izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo: Ukulima igadi yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha Nokuba uhlala kwisizana esincinane, ukulima igadi kungaluncedo ukuzinzisa umhlaba, ukuthintela uthuli nentlabathi ephephethekela kwindlu yakho, ukwenza umthunzi ukupholisa indlu KUNYE nokubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala izilwanyana nezityalo – ukwenza indawo ekuhlala kuyo izityalo nezilwanyana nokuxhasa izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba iigadi zethu eKapa zigcwaliswe zizityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha. Ezi zityalo zikhule nezilwanyana zengingqi kwixesha elide kubomi obunobunzima nekuyimfuneko ukuba sizixhase kunokuba sizonakalise ukuze sigcine iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo kwesi sixokelelwano sobomi. Ngaphezulu, izityalo zengingqi zikhule eKapa kwiimeko ezinobunzima, ezinentlabathi ngalo ndlela ke zidinga ukunkcenkceshelwa kancinane – nto leyo ecutha umthamo wamanzi ekuyimfuneko ukuba uwagcine ukuze igadi yakho ibe ntle. Ukuba uhlala kufuphi nePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba yeTafile, kummandla wolondolozo lwendalo okanye kwisiza esineentyantyambo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuba ulime izityalo zengingqi, izityalo eziyinzalelwane yoMmandla weNqila yeKapa. Izityalo ezivela kude, ezifana nase-Hermanus, zingantshula neentlobo zasendle ezifana nazo ukwenza ibhastile nto leyo ejongela phantsi iinzame zolondolozo. 118 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Iingingqi ezohlukeneyo eKapa zineemeko ezohlukeneyo zokukhula kwezityalo, kuqukwa nobuninzi bemvula ngexesha elithile, ukuvela kwiindawo ezinomoya nohlobo lomhlaba, ngoko ke uhlobo oluthile lwesityalo alunakulungela wonke ubani. Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngeentlobo ezifanelekileyo zezityalo onokuzityala kwindawo yakho, khangela iwebhusayithi kule dilesi: www.sanbi.org ze ukhethe icandelo elithi ’plantZAfrica’. Apha uza kufumana ulwazi ngokulima ngohlobo lwasendle noluhli lwezityalo ezinkcenkcesheleka lula. Qaphela ukuba oluluhlu luquka iintlobo zezityalo ezivela ngaphandle koMmandla weNqila yeKapa. Ngaphezulu, ummandla womyezo ofikelelekayo eKirstenbosch uvelise incwadana ebizwa ngokuba ’Greening South African Schools’ efundisa ngendlela yokwenza igadi enezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha, yaye iyafumaneka kwiNcwadi yeeNcwadi eKirstenbosch. Eminye imizekelo yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha onokuzijonga xa ulimayo kwigadi yakho ekummandla we-Cape Flats garden ziquka ezi: Imithi Camphor Bush (Tarchonanthus camphoratus) Milkwood (Sideroxylon inerme) Wild Olive (Olea europaea subsp. africana) Izityalo ezinesikhondo/ utyani olwambesa umhlaba Arctotis (Arctotis stoechadifolia) Amatyholwana Arum Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Bietou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) Carpet Geranium (Geranium incanum) Blombos (Metalasia muricata) Dekriet (Chondropetalum tectorum) Blue Felicia (Felicia aethiopica) Glastee (Cliffortia ferruginea) Blue Salvia (Salvia chameleagnea) Pig’s Ear (Cotyledon orbiculata) Brown Salvia (Salvia africana-lutea) Sea Lavender (Limonium perigrinum) Cape May (Coleonema album) Sour Fig (Carpobrotus edulis) Dune Crowberry (Rhus crenata) Dune Taaibos (Rhus laevigata) Geelblombos (Athanasia dentata) Wild Aster (Felicia filifolia) Wild Dagga (Leonotis leonurus) Wild Malva (Pelargonium cucullatum) Wild Scabious (Scabiosa incisa) Wild Rosemary (Eriocephalus africanus) Yiba nenkathalo emandla ukuba ungaze ulime naluphi na uhlobo lwezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha kwigadi yakho. Iintlobo zezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 119 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA yalapha ezifana ne-Rooikrans ne-Fountain Grass ziyingozi emandla kwizityalo nezilwanyana yaye zikwandisa namathuba engozi yemililo yasendle. Ngoku kusemthethweni phantsi koMthetho woLondolozo lweMithombo yezoLimo ukulima izityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha. Zininzi iintlobo zezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha nezingonakalisiyo ezinokulinywa endaweni yezityalo ezonakalisayo kwigadi yakho. Eminye imizekelo yezityalo ekungafanelekanga ukuba zithengiswe nekufuneka zisuswe ngokubonakalayo kwigadi yakho ziquka: Imithi Crack Willow (Salix fragilis) Manatoka (Myoporum tenuifolium) Orange Cestrum (Cestrum aurantiacum) Pines (e.g. Cluster Pine, Pinus pinaster) Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum) Wattles (e.g. Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha) Amatyholwana American Bramble (Ruibhasi cuneifolius) Hakeas (e.g. Sweet Hakea, Hakea drupacea) Oleander (Nerium oleander) Spanish Broom (Spartinum junceum) Tickberry (Lantana camera) Triffid Weed (Chromolaena odorata) Izityalo ezinesikhondo Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana) Ifoto: Nick Helme Patterson’s Curse (Echium vulgare) Izityalo ezikhula emanzini Red Water Fern (Azolla filiculoides) Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweentlobo zezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha, nceda ukhangele kule dilesi yewebhusayithi: www.invasive.species.sanbi.org okanye uqhagamshelane ne-ofisi kandlunku yeNkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi kwiSizwe eKapa kule nombolo: (021) 441 2700. 120 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ukugcina ubumelwane bakho ngokwendalo Onke amabala avulekileyo kwiSixeko sethu, ingengawo nje kuphela amabala ophuculo abucala, kufuneka alinywe izityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha. Khuthaza ukugcina amabala avulekileyo oluntu ekwimeko yendalo, umzekelo ngokulima imiqukumbelo enengca ngamatyholwana nezityalo ezinezikhondo eziyinzalelwane yalapha. Kananjalo kufuneka sizibandakanye ekukhuthazeni izikolo ukuba ziziqalele ezazo iigadi ezinezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha kumabala emidlalo nakwimiphetho yamabala azo. Amashishini engingqi anganomdla wokuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ezinjalo. Abalimi Bezekhaya: Ukutyala uhlaza kummandla we-Cape Flats Abalimi, uMbutho ongaxhaswa nguRhulumente osekwe kwingingqi nojongene nophuhliso lokusingqongileyo, uxhasa ukusekwa kombutho osisigxina ojongene nokusingqongileyo kwiilokishi ezikummandla we-Cape Flats kusetyenziswa iiNkqubo zawo zoLimo kwiiDolophu nezingokutyalwa koHlaza kummandla we-Cape Flats. INkqubo engokutyalwa koHlaza kummandla we-Cape Flats ugxile ekuboneleleni ngemihombo nokunika inkxaso imibutho esakhasayo etyala uhlaza nelondoloza izityalo zalapha ngombono wokuvuselela imeko-bume esingqongileyo yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha kwiilokishi zeli. Ukukhuthazwa kwenkcubeko yolwazi ngokusingqongileyo, imisebenzi eyenza inzuzo nokudalwa kwamathuba engqesho amiselekileyo kunye neempawu eziphambili ezimiliselwe kwiprojekthi nganye ukuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka ngokuzinzileyo koluntu. Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe qhagamshelana Nombutho obizwa ngokuba: Abalimi kule nombolo yomnxeba: ( 021) 447 1256. Sisebenzela iSixeko esingenamichiza Imichiza isoloko inetyhefu (izibulala-zitshabalalisi, izibulala zinambuzane, iparafini nedizili) yaye zonakalisa ngokudla (i-asidi yebhetri yemoto, izicoci zemisele nezezitovu okanye ibhlitshi). Ezi zinto kunzima ukuba isixokelelwano sendalo sizophule yaye zingonakalisa isixokelelwano sendalo ezidibana nazo – ukutyhefa izilwanyana ezingalungiselelwanga oko, ukutyhefa isixokelelwano samanzi nezityalo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa imichiza eyonakalisayo kwigadi yakho. Khangela eminye echazwe phantsi kwesihloko esithi ‘uLawulo lweZitshabalalisi’ ekupheleni kwesahluko esingeNkunkuma kule ncwadi. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukuba igadi yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha iza kudinga izibulala-zitshabalalisi ezingeninzanga njengoko zikhule ngokuzazi izilwanyana nezinambuzane zengingqi yaye zisebenza ngokwesixokelelwane esinye nezi zinto. Xa uthenga, qiniseka ukuba uthenga iimveliso ezingenamichiza iyingozi. Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kuyeka ukudala ingxaki kwasekuqaleni! Yifunde ngocoselelo imiqondiso yeemveliso ukuze wazi ukuba kukho ntoni na kwimveliso leyo yaye ukhethe eyona ingeyongozi kakhulu. Icandelo leNkunkuma kule ncwadi libonelela ngamathuba anika umdla ongawasebenzisa endaweni yokucoca ngendlela yakudala nezinye iimveliso neengcebiso eziluncedo ukukubonisa ukuba ungasebenzisa ziphi iimveliso/imichiza. Ngalo lonke ixesha yisa imichiza, i-oli esetyenzisiweyo nezinye izinto ezingeyondalo kwiziko ekulahlwa kulo iNkunkuma ePhathekayo leSixeko okanye kwelinye iziko eliqokelela izinto ezingasetyenziswayo elimiselekileyo INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 121 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA (i-oli esetyenzisiweyo ingasiwa kuyo nayiphi na igaraji/isikhululo senkonzo yezithuthi nalapho iza kuqokelelwa ze irisayiklishwe ngabe-Rose Foundation – jonga icandelo leNkunkuma). Ezi zinto mazingalahlwa kwimingxuma yamanzi amdaka okanye esitalatweni. Nayiphi na imichiza elahlwe kumngxuma wamanzi amdaka nakumsele wamanzi esitshi ziphelela empilweni yethu, kumachweba nakwiilwandle, zibulala yaye zitshabalalise izityalo nezilwanyana. Gcina ubumelwane bakho bucocekile yaye kungekho ngozi kokusingqongileyo Inkunkuma yasegadini, yasendlini neyezakhiwo kufuneka isiwe kwiziko lengingqi ekulahlwa kulo iNkunkuma ePahthekayo (jonga icandelo leNkunkuma). Ukulahla inkunkuma enjalo emadlelweni yenye yeendlela ezininzi ekonakaliswa ngayo imimandla yethu yendalo. Amaqhekeza amatye okwakha angacumza izityalo zendalo. Inkunkuma yasegadini inento eyonakalisayo yezityalo, efana nengca iKikuyu, nethi itshabalalisa idlelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba singashiyi, okanye nilahle, iiglasi ezophukileyo edlelweni. Oku kungenza ukuba ubushushu bugxile ndaweninye nto leyo ekhokelela kwimililo. Ukulahla inkunkuma edlelweni, okanye nakuyiphi na indawo evulekileyo lulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba uthe wabona nabani na elahla inkunkuma, nceda uqhagamshelane namaPolisa eNqila kule nombolo: (021) 596 1999 ukuxela eso senzo. Naliphi na iphepha, iplastiki okanye inkunkuma elahlwe esitalatweni, emhlabeni okanye naphi na apho kungeyondawo yokulahla inkunkuma ibizwa ngokuba ’kukungcolisa’. Yonke inkunkuma ephelela kwimimandla yendalo, ngokukodwa iplastiki, iyingozi kakhulu kwizilwanyana. Iindawo ezininzi zokutywina zihlala ziseplastikini zijijele iintamo zezilwanyana, nto leyo esika izikhumba zazo zizibulale. Isixeko sinikezela ngenkonzo yokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma kuzo zonke iindlu. Yisebenzise le nkonzo ukuthutha nayiphi na inkunkuma ongenakho ukuyisebenzisa kwakhona/ukuyirisayiklisha! Ungaqhubi isithuthi sakho okanye itraki ngaselunxwemeni (qaphela ukuba iMiqathango elawula ukuSetyenziswa kweZithuthi ngaPhandle kwendlela iyakuthintela oku ngaphandle kokuba ukhululiwe okanye unemvume eyodwa), okanye kwimimandla yendalo. Ukuba unesithuthuthu ibhayisikili emavili mane, yikhwele kuphela kwiindawo ezimiselwe oko ngokufanelekileyo nezibekelwe bucala ukwenza oku. Zibandakanye kwimisebenzi yokusingqongileyo yengingqi Ukulawula ihlabathi lethu lendalo luxanduva lomntu wonke yaye umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwa ngokuzithandela kungajongwanga nzuzo. Ngeli xesha oku kunganiki nzuzo yamali, kukho inzuzo enkulu kubantu abazibandakanya namaqela okuzinikela kokusingqongileyo. Umsebenzi onjalo ukukhuthaza ukuba uphume wonwabele indalo yethu elilifa yokusingqongileyo. Ngumsebenzi wentlalo owakha ubuntu. Lo msebenzi wokuzinikela ukhuthazwa ngakumbi nguMongameli Mbeki. IKapa linothungelwano olusebenzayo lwamaqela okusingqongileyo, imibutho namaqumrhu, afana neQela elijongene neeNtaka eKapa, isebe le-Birdlife SA, nombutho wezolimo ezidolophini nokutyalwa kohlaza ezidolophini owaziwa ngokuba yi-Abalimi Bezekhaya. Uninzi lwemimandla yolondolozo lwendalo yaseKapa inamaqela asebenzayo abahlobo 122 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA (umzekelo: Friends of Rietvlei) oncedisa ukulawula ummandla wolondolozo lwendalo yaye wenze neqela lemisebenzi yokuzinikela equka ukususwa kwezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha, imfundo nolwazi, ukususwa kwenkunkuma nolondolozo lwendawo. La maqela aphantsi kwe-WESSA – uMbutho ojongene neZilwanyana zaSendle neZityalo kokuSingqongileyo eMzantsi Afrika – owona mbutho mdala nomkhulu woMzantsi Afrika ongaxhaswa ngurhulumente, ubulungu bawo busekelwe kwimibutho yokusingqongileyo nombono wawo ikukuphakamisa uthatho-nxaxheba loluntu ekukhathaleleni umhlaba. Umbutho iWESSA ukwaxhasa yaye ukhuthaza ukumiselwa kwamaqumrhu okusingqongileyo nolawulo lwemimandla esingqongileyo kwingingqi kusetyenziswa amasebe awo. IMibutho yeBahlobo eKhoyo kummandla weKapa Afro Montane Information Forum Friends of Bain’s Kloof Friends of the Blaauwberg Conservation Area (BCA) Boland Environment Forum Bot River Estuary & Environs ’Botfriends’ Friends of Bracken Nature Reserve Friends of Cecilia Forest Friends of Constantia Valley Greenbelts Durbanville Environment Forum Friends of the Cape of Good Hope Friends of Helderberg Nature Reserve HOPE Group (Hillside-Highway Organisation For Protection of The Environment) Friends of the Liesbeek Friends of Lion’s Head Friends of Little Princess Vlei Friends of Meadowridge Common Montagu Eco Club Montagu Nature Garden Association Friends of Paarden Eiland Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 123 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Friends of Rietvlei Friends of Rondebosch Common Scarborough Conservation Group Friends of Silvermine Nature Area Friends of Simon’s Town Coastline Simon’s Town Flora Conservation Group Friends of the Glen Friends of Tokai Forest Friends of Tygerberg Hills Friends of Wolfgat Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa Ulondolozo lwendalo luluntu Ummandla wolondolozo lwendalo iHarmony Flats Nature Reserve sisiza esincinane esingaphantsi kwee-akile ezili-10, nangona kunjalo, sihlala kwiindidi ezohlukeneyo zezityalo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezitswele, ezinye zinqabile kakhulu. Esi siza sikummandla we-Strand, yaye singqongwe ziindawo zentlalo ezihlelekileyo ezingenandlela yakufikelela kwimithombo. Kusetyenziswa iprojekthi Cape Flats Nature kwasekwa iqela elisebenzayo loluntu iHarmony Flats Nature Reserve ngo-2003. Eli qela lokuzinikela liqhuba amaphulo okwazisa ngemililo kwizindlu ngezindlu namaphulo olwazi jikelele ngalo mmandla wolondolozo lwendalo. Abahlali ngoku bangabacimi-mlilo abazinikeleyo. Iqela elisebenzayo lisuse izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha, uthintelo lokhukhuliseko yaye laphuhlisa iindlela zokwenza lo mmandla ube ngokhuselekileyo yaye ulawulwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze abantwana badlale yaye bafunde nto kuwo. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo eli qela likhokele inkqubo yezemfundo ngokusingqongileyo ngeVeki yokuTyalwa kweMithi, likhokela abafundi abangama-400 kulo mmandla wolondolozo, libazisa ngezityalo ezikhethekileyo yaye bechazelwa nangembali yonxulumano loluntu nommandla wendalo obukekayo. Kumathambeka eNtaba yeTafile, umbutho we-Friends of Tokai Forest wafumana inkxaso-mali yehlabathi evela kwiNgxowa-mali ye-Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund ukuzama ukwenza uluntu luzibandakanye ekugcineni ii-akile ezimbini zommandla weeNtyantyambo ezikumhlaba oyiNtlabathi kwiKapa eziseNgozini eMbi. Le ndawo ikhethiweyo ikufuphi nentsalela ekhoyo yommandla weentyantyambo exhasa iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo iRed Data. Umbutho wamahlathi eMTO wasusa icandelo lemithi etyaliweyo yompayina ngeli xesha umbutho wePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba yeTafile yancedisa ngokutshisa ngaphambi kokususwa ngo-Epreli 2006 ukukhuthaza ukuntshula kwembewu yeentyantyambo kweli thambeka. Abahlobo basuse idywabasi engeyonzalelwane yalapha kummandla otshisiweyo (Acacia saligna ne-A. longifolia) yaye bakhangela ngocoselelo ukukhula ngokutsha kwezityalo ezizizihluma – ezingaphezu kweentlobo ezili-100 okwangoku ezibhaliweyo. Iqela laBahlobo lifumene iziza kummandla omanzi iSoetvlei ukugcina le ndawo ingenazo izityalo ezonakalisayo kunye nokuncedisa ezinye iiprojekthi kummandla weZityalo ezilinyiweyo eTokai. 124 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ukuba akunakho ukuxhasa iqela labazinikeleyo ngokuthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo, cinga ngokuxhasa ngezinye iindlela, ezifana nokunikela – nokuba kungemali okanye ’ukunikela ngesisa’ (izixhobo, imithi, njalo, njalo). Umzekelo, Abalimi Bezekhaya baneProjekthi yeMithi kummandla weKapa nalapho abantu benokubhalisa, njengabahlobo abafumana nabajikelezisa ulwazi ngale projekthi, okanye njengabanikeli. Iminikelo ingenziwa lula ngokuthunyelwa kwiwebhusayithi yalo mbutho. Yonwabele imeko-bume ekungqongileyo nako konke enako Ndwendwela uxhase ummandla wengingqi wolondolozo lwendalo. Imimandla yolondolozo lwendalo ikho ukuze konwatywe kuyo ngabantu bonke yaye ziindawo ezintle ukuphumla kuzo uwedwa okanye nilusapho. Iinkcukaha zoqhagamshelwano zayo yonke imimandla yolondolozo lwendalo yeSixeko saseKapa iyafumaneka kwicandelo lethu leMithombo neleZalathisi. IKapa lilodwa ngokuba nepaka yesizwe esikwimida yalo (iNtaba yeTafile) yaye lizingca ngommandla wezityalo neentyantyambo ezohlukeneyo owaziwa kwihlabathi liphela eKirstenbosch. Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 125 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA IINKCUKACHA ZOQHAGAMSHELWANO NEZIBONELELO EZIKHOYO Abalimi Bezekhaya ’the planters’: Iprojekthi yasezidolophini yezolimo nokukhathalela indalo eluhlaza: ifowuni (021) 447 1256, imeyili: [email protected], Web: www.abalimi.org.za Botanical Society of South Africa: ifowuni (021) 797 2090 Inombolo yeeNkonzo zoThutho lweNkunkuma, eyoCoco neyokuLahlwa kweNKunkuma yeSixeko saseKapa: 0860 103 089 Icandelo loLawulo lweZityalo neZilwanyana leSixeko : email: [email protected] Isebe leMicimbi yaManzi naMahlathi, iOfisi yoMmandla, ifowuni. (021) 950 7100 Eskom, Koeberg Nature Reserve: tel. (021) 550 4021, web www.eskom.co.za Iofisi yolwazi yaseKirstenbosch National Botanical Garden: ifowuni (021) 799 8783 Ukuchaza izinto ezinxamnye nomthetho (ezibandakanya ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma) kuMapolisa eSixeko, fowunela kwa-(021) 596 1999. Table Mountain National Park: ifowuni. (021) 701 8692, imeyili: [email protected], web: www.tmnp.co.za Ukujoyina okanye ukuqala iqela la`Bahlobo’ qhagamshelana nomququzeleli we-WESSA National Friend, uMarion Dunkeld-Mengell: ifowuni/ifeksi (012) 667 2183, iselifowuni 083 455 1736 Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa, Iofisi yoMmandla weNtshona Koloni: ifowuni (021) 701 1397, imeyili: [email protected] Inombolo engahlawulelwayo ye-Working for Water : 0800 005 376 Amathala oLondolozo lweNdalo neMimandla yeNdalo Ithala leNdalo laseAtlantis Iiyure: 07:00 – 19:00 Amangeno: R100 nge-4X4 nganye ebandakanya abakhweli abane, abanye abantu yiR9.00 ipemethi, izithuthuthu R60,00; R9.00 umntu ngamnye ukuhamba esantini nokunyuka intaba Isithuthi: Iteksi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukunyuka intaba, ukuhamba esantini, imizila yee-4X4 neyezithuthuthu Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Uyifumana xa ucele phambi kokuba uze Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 577 5000; imeyili [email protected] 126 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA All Ifotos in this section:Courtesy City of Cape Town Ummandla woLondolozo waseBlaauwberg, eBloubergstrand Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezityalo, iCape Flats Dune Strandveld, Swartland Shale Renosterveld neCape Flats Sand Fynbos. Iiyure: Ngaselwandle: kusasa de kutshone ilanga (zosi-7 iintsuku ngeveki); Indawo yokoja nokwenza ipikniki yase-Eerstesteen: 08:00 – 19:00 (Nov – Apr), 08:00 – 17:00 (Meyi – Okt); Blaauwberg Hill: okwangoku ungena kuphela xa ubufake isicelo kwangaphambili Amangeno: Akakho ngaphandle kweEerstesteen Resort eyi-R6,00 umntu ngamnye Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, iindawo zokoja, ukunyuka intaba, iindawo zokutyibiliza kumaza olwandle, ukubukela iintaka, ukubukela iminenga, ukuloba (kufuneka imvume), izinto ezenziwa ngamaqela ‘Abahlobo’ qho ngenyanga Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo ngoMmandla woloNdolozo waseBlaauwberg (nceda ubhukishe) Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Qhagamshelana: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 554 0957, imeyili [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iBracken, eBrackenfell Eli thala lendalo lixhasa izityalo iCape Flats Sand Fynbos neSwartland Granite Renosterveld. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Iipikniki, ukubukela iintaka, iindawo zokuhamba-hamba ngenyawo ekulula ukuba kuqhutywe nezitulo zabakhubazekileyo kuzo Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseBrackenfell Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Qhagamshelana: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 982 1323, Imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iDick Dent, kummandla waseSomerset West Qhagamshelana: ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: [email protected] INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 127 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ithala leNdalo iDurbanville, elimelene nebala lamahashe laseDurbanville Izowuni yotshintsho yeSwartland Shale Renosterveld neCape Flats Sand Fynbos. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, iindlela zokuhamba-hamba, ukubukela iintaka, inqugwalana (gazebo) elivulekileyo lokubambela iintlanganiso Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Izinto ezifundisayo zabantwana lisebenzisana ne”Cape for Kids” (nceda ubhukishe) Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 970 3097, ifeksi (021) 979 0093 Imeyile: [email protected] Ipaki yoMgxobhozo iEdith Stephens, ePhilippi Lo mgxobhozo uxhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); nceda ubhukishe ngeempelaveki Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, imigxobhozo yamaxesha onyaka athile, ukusebenzela inesari yemigxobhozo, igadi yezoLimo yaseziDolophini, igadi yamayeza. Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo lase-Edith Stephens Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 691 8070, ifeksi (021) 691 7375, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iGreater Zandvlei, eMarina da Gama Eli chweba lomlambo lixhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentlanzi neentaka. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Uloliwe Izinto ezikhoyo: isithintelo-maza, isigu seentaka, iindawo zepikniki, ukukhwela inqanawe, ukuhamba-hamba Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseZandvlei elikufuphi kwisitishi sikaloliwe saseSteenbarg (bhukisha phambi kokuba uye ukuba ufuna ukuboniswa iirepthayili) 128 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 701 7542, i-imeyili [email protected] [email protected] xa ufuna ukufundiswa ngendalo Ithala leNdalo iHarmony Flats, kummandla waseSomerset West Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iHelderberg, eSomerset West Eli thala lendalo lixhasa isityalo iKogelberg Sandstone Fynbos neBoland Granite Fynbos nezityalo ezingeninzanga kakhulu zebontebok. Iiyure: 07:30 – 17:30 (Meyi ukuya kuOktobha); 07:30 -19:00 (Novemba ukuya kuEpreli) Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki Amangeno: R6,00 kwabadala; R4.00 kumaxhego namaxhegwazana (eze nee-ID); R3,00 kubantwana ze ibe yi-R5,00 kwizithuthi Isithuthi: Iteksi Izinto ezikhoyo: Indawo yepikniki, Duck Inn Restaurant, iziko lolwazi, ivenkile yezipho, ukuboniswa kwemyuziyam, ukunyuka intaba; iikonsathi eziba sekutshoneni kwelanga, indawo yamayeza aziingcambu (ivula ngo-10:00 – 16:00) Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo iMike Woods (nceda ubhukishe ngkufowunela kwa-(021) 852 8831) Indawo yokulala: Sugarbird Campsite (xa ufuna ukulala apha, fowunela kwa-(021) 852 8831) Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iKenilworth Racecourse Iiyure: Wenza amalungiselelo xa ufuna ukutyelela Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukuhamba-hamba; ulawulo lwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 700 1843; imeyili: [email protected] INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 129 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ithala leNdalo iKogelberg, eGordon’s Bay Eli thala lezilwanyana nezityalo lixhasa isityalo iKogelberg Sandstone Fynbos. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); iNdlela eTyhutyhayo iSteenbras Gorge ivula ngazo zosi-7 iintsuku ngeveki Amangeno: R15,00 ukungena eSteenbras Gorge (abantu abali-50 ngosuku ubuninzi; iipemethi zifumaneka eSunbird Lodge ekufuphi nale ndawo) Isithuthi: Iteksi Izinto ezikhoyo: ukunyuka intaba, ukuhla entabeni ngentambo, umdlalo wokuzijula eliweni ubanjwe ngentambo (okwenziwa yinkampani yangaphandle) Indawo yokulala: Ukukhempisha (ukubhukisha, fowunela kwa-(021) 856 1286) Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 851 4975, ifeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iLourens River, kummandla waseSomerset West Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo leeNgquzu zeNtlabathi eMacassar, eKhayelitsha/Macassar Ezi ngquzu zentlabathi ezingaselwandle zixhasa iCape Flats Dune Strandveld (Izityalo ezikhula kwiiNgquzu zeNtlabathi). Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukwenza ipikniki, ukuloba ngaselwandle, ukunyuka intaba nokudada Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iinkqubo zemfundo zangaphandle Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 371 5141, ifeksi (021) 374 1910, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo laseMamre Iiyure: Wenza amalungiselelo xa ufuna ukutyelela Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi Izinto ezikhoyo: Indawo yepikniki Ukuhamba-hamba Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 577 5000; imeyili: [email protected] 130 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ithala loMgxobhozo laseRietvlei, eTable View Lo mgxobhozo unezityalo zeCape Flats Dune Strandveld ezixhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); 09:00 – 17:00 (ngeempelaveki) Amangeno: R5 umntu ngamnye; R15 isithuthi ngasinye Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Isikhitshana sokuhamba emanzini, iindawo zepikniki, iindawo zokuloba, iindawo zokoja, ukunyuka intaba, isigu seentaka Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo laseRietvlei Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 557 5509, imeyili: [email protected], webhsayithi: www.friendsofrietvlei.co.za IRondebosch Common Iiyure: Azikho Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi, ibhasi okanye uloliwe Izinto ezikhoyo: Iintyatyambo zasentwasahlobo, imizila yembali yepikniki, ukunkcunkca, ukukhwela ibhayisikile, ukuhambisa inja Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 700 1843; imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iRondevlei, eGrassy Park Lo mgxobhozo uxhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka. Ulikhaya kwiimvubu (iihippo) neentlobo ezizodwa ezimbini zezityalo, iCape Flats Sand Fynbos neCape Flats Dune Strandveld. Iiyure: 07:30 – 17:00 (Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki) Amangeno: Abadala R6,00; Abantwana (abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-13) R3.00; amaxhego namaxhegwazana R4.00; iimvume zokuloba zamihla le kwabadala yi-R30.00 ze kubantwana ibe yi-R10.00 INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 131 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, izigu zeentaka, izakhiwo ezide zokubukela indalo, imyuziyam, iakhwariyam, iindawo zokuloba, ukuhamba ngesikhitshana, iikhempu zokulala ebusuku, isakhiwo esinezibonelelo zenkomfa Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseRondevlei; Leonard Gill Field Museum (nceda ubhukishe) Indawo yokulala: Island Bush Camp elawula yi-Imvumbu Nature Tours Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 706 2404, ifeksi (021) 706 24045, Imvubu Nature Tours, ifowuni (021) 706 0842; xa ufuna ukukhempisha ubusuku bonke kwiCape Town Environmental Education Trust, fowunela kwa-(021) 706 8523 imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iSilwerboomkloof, eSomerset West Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: [email protected]. I-Two Rivers Urban Park, edibanisa neRaapenberg Bird Sanctuary Iiyure: Azikho Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi, uloliwe Izinto ezikhoyo: Indawo yepikniki, ukubukela iintaka Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 700 1843; imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iTygerberg, Bellville Eli thala lendalo lixhasa izityalo zokugqibela ezisengozini yokutshatyalaliswa ezibizwa ngokuba yiSwartland Shale Renosterveld. Iiyure: 09:00 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); 09:00 – 18:00 (ngeempelaveki nangeeholide zikawonkewonke) Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukunyuka intaba, iindawo zepikniki, ukubukela iintaka, ukubukela indalo nje xa iyonke Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseKristo Pienaar linemidlalo efundisayo yabantwana (nceda ubhukishe) Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 913 5695, ifeksi (021) 913 6268 132 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA Ithala leNdalo iUitkamp, kummandla waseDurbanville Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 970 3097 IMigxobhozo yaseUitkamp Iiyure: Azikho Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi, ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Imigxobhozo eneentyatyambo ezinika umdla, amasele neentaka Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 970 3097 Ithala leNdalo iWolfgat, eMitchells Plain Iingquzu zentlabathi ezixhasa isityalo iCape Flats Dune Strandveld. Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukwenza ipikniki, ukuloba ukuloba kwiindawo ezilungiselwe oko ezingaselwandle (kufuneka imvume); iintaka zonxweme, ukudada Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iinkqubo zemfundo ezibonelelwa ngamaziko angaphandle Indawo yokulala: Ayikho Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 371 5141, ifeksi (021) 374 1910, imeyili: [email protected] Ithala leNdalo iZeekoevlei, ePelican Park Lo mgxobhozo uxhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka. Iiyure: 07:30 – 19:30 (Ehlotyeni, Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki); 07:30 – 18:00 (Ebusika, Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki) Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukwenza ipikniki, ukuloba Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo INCWADANA yokuphila ngokulumkileyo 133 IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA ngokusiNgqongileyo laseZeekoevlei Indawo yokulala: Bhukisha xa ukukhempisha ufowunele kwa-(021) 706 8523 Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 706 2404, Ifeksi (021) 706 2405, imeyili: [email protected] IMigxobhozo yaseZoarvlei Iiyure: Azikho Amangeno: Akakho Isithuthi: Iteksi, ibhasi Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukuhamba-hamba, ukubukela iintaka 134 INCWADANA YOKUPHILA ngokulumkileyo Ukufunda le ncwadi kuza kukunceda ukuba • • • • • • • • Wonge imali ngokuthi ulawule ikhaya lakho ngendlela eyiyo. Uphucule ukhuseleko ekhaya. Ukuqonda imiba ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo esijongene nayo xa sisonke. Ukuqonda imirhumo yeSixeko. Ukwazi ukuba mawuye phi xa ufuna uncedo okanye iingcebiso ngeenkonzo zeSixeko. Ukuzama obunye ubuchwepheshe obufana nezishushubezi zamanzi ezisebenza ngelanga. Ukutyebisa ulwazi lwakho nokonwabela amathala endalo akwimimandla yethu. Ufunde ukulungisa into evuzayo, ukutshintsha iglowubhu yesibane, ukufakela isilingi, ukujika inkunkuma yakho ibe ngumgquba kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci eziya kukunceda ukuba uphile ngokukhuselekileyo, ulondoloze okusingqongileyo kunye nemali yakho.
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