Report - LegitScript

Pumped up on
the internet
The Illicit Online Sale of Anabolic Steroids
A special report by LegitScript.com and KnujOn.com
Overview: Pumped Up On The Internet
The national abuse of
Steroid Use: Teens and Young Adults (1991 - 2006)
prescription drugs, a
8th graders
category that includes
5.00%
10th graders
anabolic steroids, has
12th graders
climbed to disturbing
3.75%
Young Adults
levels over the last fifteen
years. According to the
2.50%
National Survey on Drug
Use and Health,
1.25%
prescription drug abuse is
now the second most
0%
serious drug threat in the
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
country, behind only
marijuana.1 Today, there
are more prescription drug abusers than abusers of methamphetamine, cocaine and
heroin combined.
Within this troubling trend, studies indicate that illicit steroid use among high school
seniors, a bellwether demographic, doubled from 1993 to 2002. Although it then began
to decline, it has recently begun to tick upwards again, following the general upward
trend observed in the early 1990s 2. The fact that steroid abuse in the United States is
About LegitScript.com
LegitScript was formed in May 2007 to assist
consumers and businesses in determining which
Internet pharmacy Web sites meet the requirements
of law and accepted standards of medical practice,
pharmacy practice, and ethics. LegitScript online
pharmacy verification standards are recognized by
the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy®
(NABP®). LegitScript Internet pharmacy verification
standards constitute the minimum criteria required
for a pharmacy Web site to be considered
“legitimate” in light of existing federal and state laws
and regulations, accepted standards of medicine,
accepted standards of pharmacy practice, and
other drug safety requirements.
About KnujOn.com
KnujOn.com was formed in March, 2005 to find
new and comprehensive solutions to the problems
of spam email abuse and Internet criminality. Illicit
traffic on the web has exploded to to a lack of
oversight and enforcement. KnujOn developed a
tool called the Policy Enforcement Engine (patent
pending) that processes spam through the
complex bureaucracy and terminates illicit
websites. KnujOn has succeeded in removing
nearly 100,000 spam advertised websites from the
Internet. KnujOn works on behalf of the consumer,
business and law enforcement to make Internet
commerce safer.
1
US Department of Health and Human Services, National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)
2006, September 2007.
2
Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2008). Monitoring the Future
national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 08-6418).
Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 70 pp.
1
concentrated in the high school population
(which is very Internet-savvy), and tapers off
after high school3, suggests that our youth are
particularly at risk, and makes the question of
steroid abuse a timely and important one.
What are anabolic steroids?
Steroids may be legitimately prescribed
for a few medical conditions such as
hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and
wasting caused by HIV. The word
“anabolic” means “tissue building.”
Although “roids” do increase muscle
development, adverse effects include
acne, male breast development, liver
cancer, heart attacks, elevated
cholesterol levels, stunted growth, and
extreme irritability and aggression
known as “roid rage.” Anabolic steroids
are Schedule III Controlled Substances
under US Federal law.
Against this backdrop, the number of Internet
pharmacies illegally offering and distributing
steroids has exploded. According to the White
House Drug Policy Office and the Drug
Enforcement Administration, the Internet is one
of the two primary sources of illicit anabolic
steroids in the United States.4 To describe how
much this problem has grown, in the year
2000, the Government Accounting Office
estimated that there were 200 - 400 Internet
pharmacy websites total ⎯ a number that included all legitimate and illegitimate sites
selling any sort of prescription drug, not merely steroids.5 And in 2004, a national study
identified 495 websites selling controlled substance drugs online, a category that
includes anabolic steroids.6 Today, LegitScript and KnujOn estimate that at any one
time, there are at least 25,000 websites7 that offer or purport to offer prescription
drugs without a valid prescription; of these, certainly hundreds, and perhaps
thousands, offer anabolic steroids without any sort of medical supervision or
prescription required.
3
Ibid, p. 127.
4
Office of National Drug Control Policy (www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/drugfact/steroids/
steroids_ff.html), accessed July 13, 2008. The second source is smuggling from outside of the country.
5
United States Government Accounting Office, Internet Pharmacies: Adding Disclosure Requirements
Would Aid Federal and State Oversight, October 2000.
6
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Youʼve Got Drugs!
Prescription Drug Pushers on the Internet, February 2004.
7
Our estimate of 25,000 is not exact, but is based on LegitScriptʼs and KnujOnʼs analysis of the rogue
Internet pharmacy market. Rogue Internet pharmacies commonly put up a site for just days or even
hours, and then take the site down; in many of these cases, the site will pop up weeks or months later.
Including these sites, LegitScript has already identified and documented approximately 8,000 rogue
pharmacy websites; KnujOn has identified another 45,000 websites that are candidates for identification
as rogue pharmacy sites by LegitScript. LegitScriptʼs analysis of these suggests that between 45 - 60% of
the 45,000 sites are rogue pharmacy websites, suggesting that the total number of sites used to illicitly
offer prescription drugs is probably in the 20,000 - 30,000 range at a minimum.
2
LegitScript and KnujOn have narrowed the focus of this report to more than 150
websites that offer or purport to offer anabolic steroids without a prescription, and that
are registered to domain name registrars located in the United States. These 150
websites constitute just over half of a larger group of 300 websites that LegitScript and
KnujOn believe to be responsible for a significant portion of illicit steroid sales over the
Internet to residents of the United States. (The remaining websites differ only in being
registered to domain name registrars located outside of the United States.)
In other words, the 150 websites that are the primary subject of this report constitute, for
reasons we explain later in this report, a significant portion of the online anabolic steroid
problem, but a small portion ⎯ probably less than 1% ⎯ of the overall rogue Internet
pharmacy problem. For that reason, we believe that the information in this report
can accurately be considered the most comprehensive study, to date, of websites
illicitly selling steroids, as well as an important snapshot of one dimension of the
larger rogue Internet pharmacy problem.
Domain Name Registrars and Illegal Websites
Can anything be done about rogue steroid websites? Too often, the problems of drug
abuse, rogue Internet pharmacies, and spam are met by weary resignation ⎯ the notion
that nothing can be done.
In fact, the situation is far from hopeless: domain name registrars ⎯ the companies that
sell domain names (e.g., “www.steroids.com”) and enable the activation of websites on
the Internet ⎯ have the ability to “take down”, or make inaccessible, any website they
have registered. From a technical perspective, this usually involves preventing the
ability of the domain name to “resolve” ⎯ or, in layman’s terms, preventing the website
from appearing in a browser (e.g., Internet Explorer) when one types the domain name
into that browser. In its place, the domain name registrar can put empty space, an error
message, or redirect Internet traffic to the domain name registrar’s home page.
In addition to having the technical ability to make rogue steroid websites inaccessible,
the domain name registrars have the contractual obligation and/or contractual
opportunity to do so. Each domain name registrar noted in this report requires
customers to agree to a “User Agreement” or similar legal document. These agreements
prohibit the use of a website for illegal purposes, and give the domain name registrar
the right to make the website inaccessible if that provision is violated. Further, the
International Commission on Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the international
organization responsible for oversight of domain name registrars, has long maintained a
policy position requiring domain name registrars to prohibit illegal activity on their
websites in these User Agreements.
3
Of course, in addition to having the contractual obligation to take down websites
engaged in drug dealing, most Americans would likely agree that the domain name
registrars have a social or moral obligation to do so.
LegitScript and KnujOn decided to test whether the domain name registrars were
living up to those obligations. We therefore took the following steps.
➡ First, as noted above, we identified approximately 300 websites that LegitScript and
KnujOn believe to be responsible for illicit anabolic steroid sales in the United States.
Our joint list is not a comprehensive list of all illicit anabolic steroid sites, but does
constitute, we believe, a “significant chunk” of the online anabolic steroid threat.
Anabolics4fitness.com, which offers, on the left, “Trenbol 100”, a product labeled as including trenbolone
acetate, a Schedule III anabolic steroid. The site is registered to Dynadot, a domain name registrar based in the
United States. LegitScript successfully submitted a request for another anabolic steroid without a prescription to
thie site. .
4
➡ Second, within those 300 websites, KnujOn
determined that approximately 156 websites are
using eight registrars located in the United States.
We note that there is no requirement that USbased registrars only sell domain names to US
residents. In fact, in all cases, the steroid
websites registered with US-based registrars are
physically located outside of the United States.8
➡ Third, KnujOn and LegitScript sent letters to
these eight domain registrars located in the
United States. These letters contained the
following information:
1. a list of the domain names of websites
offering or purporting to be offering
anabolic steroids without a valid
prescription;
2. the Federal statute that makes possession
of Schedule III drugs without a valid
prescription a felony offense;
Duraplex100, an anabolic steroid sold by
www.duraplex100.com, which is
registered to GoDaddy. LegitScript was
able to complete an order for the anabolic
steroid without a prescription. The website is
part of the AxioLabsGear.com network,
which is also registered to GoDaddy.com.
(Source: www.duraplex100.com,
www.godaddy.com.)
3. a list of anabolic steroids designated as
Schedule III controlled substances by the
Drug Enforcement Administration; and
4. a recitation of the section of the User Agreement (or equivalent document)
prohibiting website use for illegal activity.
At the conclusion of our letter, we requested that services to these websites be
suspended, per the terms of the various User Agreements.
Results of KnujOn’s and LegitScript’s requests to domain name registrars
To date, the results of our correspondence with the domain name registrars have not
been encouraging. To reach the registrars, we contacted them via the email address(es)
8
The fact that these websites are all located outside of the United States is, we think, a testament to the
success of the DEAʼs efforts to identify, arrest and submit for prosecution individuals engaged in the illicit
distribution of anabolic steroids within the United States ⎯ outside of which, of course, the DEA has
limited or no jurisdiction.
5
listed on their website approximately three weeks prior to the issuance of this report,
and sent an identical letter via the US Postal Service.
The results of our correspondence is available in detail on our websites, at
www.knujon.com/steroid_report_jul08.html and at www.legitscript.com/
steroidreport.html. KnujOn’s also includes .pdf files of the websites around the time that
we reviewed them, as we expect that some of the sites’ content will change following
the release of this report. Our findings are also summarized in an Appendix to this
report. Our summary of correspondence is as follows:
5. Abacus America (one website). No
response. Website remains active.
6. DSTR Acquisition VII (two
websites). No response. Websites
remain active.
7. Dynadot (one website). The
company declined to take down the
website unless contacted by law
enforcement. Website remains
active.
8. eNom (eight websites). The
company emailed in response,
indicating that it would decline to
take action against these websites
and is unable to do so. Websites
remain active.
Photograph of anabolic steroids for sale emailed to
LegitScript by www.multihgroup.com, a website
registered to Abacus America, Inc. (email from
[email protected] to private email, date
intentionally undisclosed). The email requested that
payment be sent to an individual in Ankara, Turkey.
9. EST Domains (four websites). No
response. However, three of the four
websites are now inaccessible; one remains active. It is unclear whether the sites
were suspended by EST Domains or were removed by the website operator for
other reasons. If EST Domains terminated the websites, we think that they
deserve recognition for this; however, we are concerned that one of the four sites
remains active. The three sites that are no longer accessible shared the same IP
address.
10. Everyone’s Internet (one website). No response. Website remains active.
6
11. GoDaddy (155 websites).9 GoDaddy indicated that the matter had been referred
to their abuse department; however, the websites remain active. (GoDaddy
includes several subsidiaries or affiliates of the company, including
WildWestDomains and DomainsByProxy.)
12. Parava (three websites). No response. Additionally, we are troubled to note that
the physical address we sent the letter to appeared to be an invalid address, and
the letter was returned. This letter was sent to the address provided on Parava’s
website. The websites remain active.
In short, most of the domain name registrars have, to date, declined to take action,
despite their ability to do so, and their contractual and social obligations to do so.
Here, we want to preemptively address a possible objection: that the domain name
registrars do not know for sure that the websites are illicit, because LegitScript and
KnujOn did not actually purchase from these websites and verify, through chemical
testing, that the substances are anabolic steroids. We reject that explanation: for the
most part, the sites in question have photographs of vials labeled with names of
anabolic steroids; call the products an anabolic steroid; sell the injection equipment;
accept payment; and in several cases, sent us emails, in response to our queries,
instructing us how to make payment and receive shipment clandestinely to avoid
detection by US Customs. If the sites are not engaged in the sale of actual anabolic
steroids, there are only two alternative explanations: one, that the substances are
counterfeit or adulterated, which is equally dangerous; and two, that the site simply
takes the money and declines to send an order, which is fraudulent and considered
theft.10 Any reasonable analysis of these websites leads to a conclusion that they violate
the domain name registrars’ User Agreements.11
Here, a brief note about GoDaddy is appropriate. As with many sorts of businesses, domain name registrars range
from the very small to the very large: some may register millions of websites a year, while others may merely register
hundreds. For this reason, the fact that GoDaddy, has 155 websites on our list ⎯ more than 7 times all of the rest
combined ⎯ should not be viewed in isolation, but partly as a natural consequence of that company’s position as the
market leader in the United States for domain names.
9
10
Moreover, in the vast majority of cases, it is quickly and readily apparent that the site is offering or purporting to
offer anabolic steroids. There are a handful of sites we reported that we recongize do require some further
investigation: e.g., some sites appeared to be a password-protected administrative site controlling an illicit steroids
site; another sells athletic supplements (presumably lawfully) but also sells an “anabolic steroid cleanser” that
facilitates anabolic steroid use by enabling one to pass a drug test; and other sites may have been temporarily offline
at the time we submitted them. Nevertheless, for the vast majority of websites we submitted, we think that there can
be no reasonable question as to what is really going on with the website.
11
LegitScript and KnujOn note the existence of numerous websites that offer supplements with names similar to
anabolic steroids, but that, upon a close reading of the product labels, are not in fact anabolic steroids. These
websites have been excluded from our lists.
7
Additionally, we recognize that the suspension and termination of services by a single
domain name registrar is not a permanent solution; the website operator may simply
take his or her business to another domain name registrar. But an industry-wide
commitment to terminate services to illicit pharmaceutical websites would make it more
difficult for these websites to conduct a profitable business, put the rogue website
operators on the defensive, and succeed in making illicit steroids less readily available
over the Internet.
Other Findings: Age Verification, Payment Mechanisms and Delivery Services
The Internet presence of, and ability to access through a browser, a website illicitly
selling steroids is the cornerstone that these rogue businesses rely on to survive and
thrive. But two other dimensions are also important: how the businesses receive
payment, and how the steroids are physically delivered to the customer from outside of
the country.
A more in-depth analysis of payment mechanisms and delivery services related to
illicit steroid sites will be the subject of an upcoming report. For now, we note the
following general findings:
• Payment: Western Union appears to be the payment service of choice for most
illicit steroid websites that we reviewed. Many websites displayed a Visa,
MasterCard or American Express seal; although most did not in fact offer
payment service through Visa or MasterCard, some illicit steroid sites actually
did, and several also offered American Express as a payment option.
• Delivery: Information about delivery services was not always apparent on the
steroid website, but DHL appeared to be commonly used; in some cases, it
appeared that the website would simply take the risk of sending the package
through the normal postal service, counting on Customs inspectors to not inspect
the package.
Two other aspects of this problem are troubling and merit mention. The first is that none
of the sites in this report maintained any sort of an age verification service. Studies
indicate that youth, including high school students, are particularly at risk for steroid
abuse ⎯ and the harms of steroid abuse may be aggravated for youth and young
adults. The second is that the anabolic steroids sold on websites we reviewed typically
purported to be from countries such as India, China, Turkey or Thailand; in several
cases, either the individuals selling the steroids or the drugs themselves appeared to
come from Eastern Europe or Russia. The lack of oversight by the Food and Drug
Administration of these drugs’ manufacture and shipment provides yet another layer of
8
concern, as the products may contain adulterants or counterfeit substances additionally
harmful to health.
Discussion: Steroids on the Internet ⎯ What Can Be Done?
The point of this report is that domain name registrars, especially those located in the
US, have the ability and responsibility to shut down websites selling anabolic steroids
without a prescription, even if those websites are registered to individuals located
outside of the United States.
In fact, absent law enforcement action by the host country, termination of website
services by the domain name registrars is not just the best, but may be the only,
solution to the problem.
What about the contention ⎯ such as the one
Excerpt from Enomʼs User Agreement:
made by eNom in its email to us (see text box
“...we and your Primary Service Provider
to the right) ⎯ that the registrars cannot do
may terminate or suspend the Service(s) at
any time for cause, which, without limitation,
anything about these sites? This is erroneous:
includes...abuse of the Services, payment
after all, the domain name registrars can
irregularities, serious allegations of illegal
certainly make websites inaccessible if the
conduct…(or) unsolicited bulk email.
website owner fails to pay their annual fee.
eNomʼs Response to email from
Moreover, the very terms of the User
LegitScript and KnujOn alleging illegal
Agreements indicate that the domain name
conduct:
“...due to the limited technical sphere in
registrars reserve the right to terminate services
which eNom operates, we do not believe that
in specified circumstances ⎯ a contractual
we are the correct party to contact regarding
provision that would make no sense if the
(these websites). In this instance, we
suggest that you contact the party operating
registrars lacked the technical ability to do so.
the website or the party hosting the website
And KnujOn has already observed numerous
to have this matter properly
instances where registrars terminated services
resolved…” (email from eNom, July 1, 2008).
for other reasons, such as “spam” email or
“phishing.” To make a somewhat more graphic
point: the domain name registrars, quite correctly, have no hesitation in terminating
services in cases of child pornography. They should do the same for drug dealing,
including the illicit sale of anabolic steroids.
Our response from Dynadot regarding the website anabolics4fitness.com strongly
suggests that the registrars will not act unless the request comes from a law
enforcement agency ⎯ not a member of the public. The evidence we provided
Dynadot about anabolics4fitness.com is, we think, overwhelming: the site says
that is sells steroids; it has pictures of products on the site that have the name of
prohibited steroids, and were in injectable vials; the website accepts payment; and we
9
submitted an email to Dynadot that we
received from the website operator
providing us with information about how
to send payment via Western Union,
including a bank account number, to an
account in the Czech Republic in
exchange for a Schedule III anabolic
steroid. There is no conceivable reason
not to terminate services to the website
immediately. Yet Dynadot’s final
response was that we needed to “refer
this case to the FBI Cyber-crimes Unit
and/or another government agency, and
have them contact us so that we can
work directly with the authorities towards
resolution of this situation.”12 Meanwhile,
the website remains active and
available to do business with US
residents, including underage adults.
Photograph of anabolic steroid for sale from
anabolics4fitness.com, a website registered to
Dynadot (anabolics4fitness.com home page). The
drugs are made in China. We provided proof to
Dynadot that the website operator contacted us with an
offer to sell this anabolic steroid for money to be sent to
the Czech Republic. Dynadot has declined to terminate
the website. (email from Dynadot to LegitScript).
LegitScript and KnujOn agree that
involvement by the DEA, FDA and FBI, and other agencies, is an indispensable
component of a national strategy to fight online steroid abuse. But if the registrars
refuse to act until and unless law enforcement asks them to do so, this is a
fundamentally reactive strategy, and absolves the registrars from taking any proactive
role in addressing this problem until the last possible moment. There is nothing in the
law that requires registrars to wait until law enforcement orders them to terminate a
website. Moreover, their User Agreements (or equivalent documents) reserve the right
for the registrars to terminate these websites ⎯ and their refusal to do so unless law
enforcement is involved suggests a disparity between their written policy and actual
practice.
What is more, this response by Dynadot fails to understand a stark reality: because the
website operator is almost certainly overseas (in this case, in the Czech Republic), US
law enforcement will typically face jurisdictional hurdles in becoming involved in the
case at all. As a result, US law enforcement may (correctly) decline to investigate a
case they do not easily have jurisdiction over, despite the fact that the website offers to
sell to US residents. If the domain name registrar refuses to act unless contacted by law
12
email from Dynabotʼs Abuse Team, July 18, 2008.
10
enforcement, it is likely that these websites will continue to operate unimpeded ⎯ a
result that contradicts both common sense as well as the domain name registrars’
contractual agreements and obligations.
And what about the suggestion ⎯ again, put to us by domain name registrar eNom, as
well as others ⎯ that the party “hosting the website” (meaning, the physical computer
server where the website text, graphics and program actually resides) be contacted
instead? Certainly, we agree that the hosting companies share responsibility. But unlike
domain name registrars, which are subject to the oversight of an international
organization (ICANN), hosting companies are usually private entities, and rogue
pharmacy website operators can simply purchase their own computer servers to host
the website content. Only the domain name registrars, as ICANN-accredited entities,
have both the opportunity and internationally recognized responsibility to take
affirmative action regarding these sort of websites.
Moreover, we note the recent testimony of GoDaddy’s chief counsel, noting that in
2007, the company suspended 1,300 websites illicitly offering drugs for sale, the
company’s stated willingness to continue doing so, and that the company uses its
“terms of service broadly to cancel privacy (for website registration) when it is being
used for ANY improper purpose” (emphasis in the original).13 (The ability to register a
website privately, or anonymously, is commonly used by individuals registering rogue
steroid websites to conceal their identity.) This indicates, of course, that GoDaddy, and
presumably the other domain name registrars, have the ability and opportunity to
terminate or suspend services for these websites and to remove the cloak of anonymity
that enables illegal activity. As with the other registrars, the numerous websites we
complained to GoDaddy about are still active, and as far as we can tell, anonymity has
not been removed.
What about the fact that anabolic steroids are actually legal without a prescription in
some countries? Even if the seller is located in that country, and therefore not violating
that country’s law, two things are clear: first, the drugs are being marketed and made
available to residents of the United States, where the illegality of anabolic steroids,
without a prescription, is well-established 14; and second, the domain name registrars in
question, being physically located within the United States, should consider US law to
13
Online Pharmacies and the Problem of Internet Drug Abuse, Christine N. Jones, General Counsel and
Corporate Secretary, The Go Daddy Group, Inc., before the House Committee on the Judiciary,
Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security, US House of Representatives, June 24, 2008
14
For many websites we reviewed, the default shipping location when making a purchase is the United
States.
11
define what is “illegal” for the purposes of the terms of their User Agreements, and take
action accordingly.
Finally, what is the responsibility of the International Commission on Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN) here? In order to sell and register domain names, a domain
name registrar must be accredited by ICANN; the organization should make clear to its
accreditees that failure to terminate services to rogue pharmaceutical websites will
result in the domain name registrars themselves losing their accreditation. To date, we
are not aware of any instance in which ICANN has done this.
Conclusion
KnujOn.com and LegitScript.com recognize the important and unparalleled societal,
business and health benefits offered by Internet companies, including domain name
registrars and ⎯ when operating legitimately ⎯ pharmacy websites. We also recognize
the medical value of steroids that may be legitimately prescribed pursuant to the
existence of a legitimate doctor-patient (or, for animals, veterinary-client-patient)
relationship. However, we are deeply troubled by the proliferation of websites offering
anabolic steroids without any sort of medical supervision or the requirement for a valid
prescription.
When the individuals responsible for the sale of these products are located within the
United States, the most obvious response would appear to be law enforcement action
by the DEA. But as noted in our report, these sites are now evading DEA jurisdiction by
being located outside of the country but using US-based domain name registrars.
Nobody should expect the domain name registrars to police every single website in real
time. However, identification of those websites should lead to the swift termination of
services ⎯ a result that would make life more difficult for illicit sellers of anabolic
steroids, disrupt the illicit online market for anabolic steroids, and set an important
example for domain name registrars located outside of the United States.
The domain name registrars we contacted still have the opportunity to act. As our
nation continues to struggle with the implications of rising prescription drug abuse and
steroid abuse, and the Internet’s role in that problem, we are hopeful that they will do
so.
12
In developing this report, LegitScript and KnujOn jointly researched and identified
websites that offer anabolic steroids without a valid prescription to customers within
the United States. LegitScriptʼs standards for pharmacy website legitimacy were used
as the baseline against which the websitesʼ operations were evaluated, and
LegitScript brought its expertise regarding Internet pharmacy evaluations to this
report. KnujOn brought its experience and expertise in identifying the domain
registrars, analyzing the registrarsʼ User Agreements and contractual requirements
with the International Commission on Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and in
identifying websites engaged in unlawful behavior.
Information about LegitScript is available at www.legitscript.com. Information about
KnujOn is available at www.knujon.com.
13
In developing this report, LegitScript and KnujOn jointly researched and identified
websites that offer anabolic steroids without a valid prescription to customers within
the United States. LegitScriptʼs standards for pharmacy website legitimacy were used
as the baseline against which the websitesʼ operations were evaluated, and
LegitScript brought its expertise regarding Internet pharmacy evaluations to this
report. KnujOn brought its experience and expertise in identifying the domain
registrars, analyzing the registrarsʼ User Agreements and contractual requirements
with the International Commission on Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and in
identifying websites engaged in unlawful behavior.
Information about LegitScript is available at www.legitscript.com. Information about
KnujOn is available at www.knujon.com.
13
Appendix A: Federal laws and regulations related to Anabolic Steroids
Federal law defines anabolic steroids as Schedule III controlled substances. (21
USC 812 (Schedule III (e)). Schedule III drugs are considered harmful because
"(a)buse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical
dependence or high psychological dependence." 21 U.S.C. § 812(b)(3). The
Code of Federal Regulations lists the specific substances that are considered
anabolic steroids under Federal law (21 CFR 1300.01(b)(4)). However, the actual
products may have a variety of trade names.
Substances classified as anabolic steroids under 21 CFR 1300.01(b)(4) cannot
be possessed or distributed under Federal law, and every state law, without a
valid prescription. (21 USC 829(b))
21 CFR 1300.01(b)(4) lists the following substances as Anabolic Steroids.
21 CFR 1300.01(b)(4): The term anabolic steroid means any drug or
hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically related to
testosterone (other than estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, and
dehydroepiandrosterone), and includes:
(i) 3[beta],17-dihydroxy-5a-androstane
(ii) 3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5a-androstane
(iii) 5[alpha]-androstan-3,17-dione
(iv) 1-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1ene)
(v) 1-androstenediol (3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1ene)
(vi) 4-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-androst-4-ene)
(vii) 5-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene)
(viii) 1-androstenedione ([5[alpha]]-androst-1-en-3,17-dione)
(ix) 4-androstenedione (androst-4-en-3,17-dione)
(x) 5-androstenedione (androst-5-en-3,17-dione)
(xi) bolasterone (7[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost4-en-3-one)
(xii) boldenone (17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-1,4,-diene-3-one)
14
(xiii) calusterone (7[beta],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost4-en-3-one)
(xiv) clostebol (4-chloro-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one)
(xv) dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17[beta]-hydroxy17[alpha]-methyl-androst-1,4-dien-3-one)
(xvi) [Delta]1-dihydrotestosterone (a.k.a. '1-testosterone') (17[beta]hydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3-one)
(xvii) 4-dihydrotestosterone (17[beta]-hydroxy-androstan-3-one)
(xviii) drostanolone (17[beta]-hydroxy-2[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]androstan-3-one)
(xix) ethylestrenol (17[alpha]-ethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-ene)
(xx) fluoxymesterone (9-fluoro-17[alpha]-methyl-11[beta],17[beta]dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one)
(xxi) formebolone (2-formyl-17[alpha]-methyl-11[alpha],17[beta]dihydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one)
(xxii) furazabol (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrostano[2,3-c]furazan)
(xxiii) 13[beta]-ethyl-17[beta]-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one
(xxiv) 4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17[beta]-dihydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one)
(xxv) 4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone (4,17[beta]-dihydroxy-estr-4-en-3one)
(xxvi) mestanolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5-androstan-3one)
(xxvii) mesterolone (1[alpha]methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-[5[alpha]]androstan-3-one)
(xxviii) methandienone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-1,4dien-3-one)
(xxix) methandriol (17[alpha]-methyl-3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost5-ene)
(xxx) methenolone (1-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3one)
(xxxi) 17[alpha]-methyl-3[beta], 17[beta]-dihydroxy-5a-androstane
(xxxii) 17[alpha]-methyl-3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5a-androstane
15
(xxxiii) 17[alpha]-methyl-3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene
(xxxiv) 17[alpha]-methyl-4-hydroxynandrolone (17[alpha]-methyl-4hydroxy-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one)
(xxxv) methyldienolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestra-4,9(10)dien-3-one)
(xxxvi) methyltrienolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestra-4,911-trien-3-one)
(xxxvii) methyltestosterone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost4-en-3-one)
(xxxviii) mibolerone (7[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr4-en-3-one)
(xxxix) 17[alpha]-methyl-[Delta]1-dihydrotestosterone (17b[beta]hydroxy-17[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3-one) (a.k.a. '17[alpha]-methyl-1-testosterone')
(xl) nandrolone (17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one)
(xli) 19-nor-4-androstenediol (3[beta], 17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-4-ene)
(xlii) 19-nor-4-androstenediol (3[alpha], 17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-4-ene)
(xliii) 19-nor-5-androstenediol (3[beta], 17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-5-ene)
(xliv) 19-nor-5-androstenediol (3[alpha], 17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-5-ene)
(xlv) 19-nor-4-androstenedione (estr-4-en-3,17-dione)
(xlvi) 19-nor-5-androstenedione (estr-5-en-3,17-dione
(xlvii) norbolethone (13[beta], 17[alpha]-diethyl-17[beta]-hydroxygon4-en-3-one)
(xlviii) norclostebol (4-chloro-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one)
(xlix) norethandrolone (17[alpha]-ethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3one)
(l) normethandrolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one)
(li) oxandrolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-2-oxa-[5[alpha]]androstan-3-one)
(lii) oxymesterone (17[alpha]-methyl-4,17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-4-en3-one)
(liii) oxymetholone (17[alpha]-methyl-2-hydroxymethylene-17[beta]hydroxy-[5[alpha]]-androstan-3-one)
16
(liv) stanozolol (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-[5[alpha]]androst-2-eno[3,2-c]-pyrazole)
(lv) stenbolone (17[beta]-hydroxy-2-methyl-[5[alpha]]-androst-1-en-3one)
(lvi) testolactone (13-hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic
acid lactone)
(lvii) testosterone (17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one)
(lviii) tetrahydrogestrinone (13[beta], 17[alpha]-diethyl-17[beta]hydroxygon-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
(lix) trenbolone (17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
(xiii)Any salt, ester, or ether of a drug or substance described in
this paragraph. Except such term does not include an anabolic
steroid that is expressly intended for administration through
implants to cattle or other nonhuman species and that has been
approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services for such
administration. If any person prescribes, dispenses, or
distributes such steroid for human use, the person shall be
considered to have prescribed, dispensed, or distributed an
anabolic steroid within the meaning of this paragraph.
17
Appendix B: Domain Name Registrar Report: ICANN Responsibilities
All Registrars, and by agreement registrants, must follow the Internet Corporation of
Assigned Names and Numbers Registrar Accreditation Agreement which states, in
relevant part:
3.7.2 Business Dealings, Including with Registered Name Holders. Registrar shall
abide by applicable laws and governmental regulations.
and,
3.8 Registrar shall comply with the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (see below).
The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy states all registrants must
affirm that:
2(c) you are not registering the domain name for an unlawful purpose;
2(d) you will not knowingly use the domain name in violation of any applicable laws
or regulations.
18
Appendix C: Registrar User Agreements and Replies
As noted in the body of this report, a full listing of the websites in question and the User
Agreements (or equivalent documents) that prohibit illegal activity are located at
www.knujon.com/schedule3/dir.html, and at www.legitscript.com/steroidreport.html. The
hyperlinks for each website do not link to the website itself, but rather a .pdf file of each
website as it existed shortly after the time that LegitScript and KnujOn reviewed the
website.
Below, we have provided information about each of the eight domain name registrars;
the registrar’s technical and contractual ability to prevent a domain name from resolving;
the obligation that each domain name registrar has regarding illegal activity pursuant to
their status as an ICANN-accreditee, and the response from each domain name
registrar.
Each registrar has the technical ability to prevent a domain name from resolving
by deleting the record or placing the website on “hold.”
19
ABACUS AMERICA, INC
Aplus.Net Internet Services
7500 W 110th St., Suite 400
Overland Park, KS 66210
Terms of Service Violated
“It is contrary to Aplus.Net policy for any user of any of these services to effect or
participate in any of the following activities through an Aplus.Net- provided service:
7.5. Promoting or providing information about illegal activities”
24. Terms. PROVIDER can terminate this agreement at the end of a billing period, with
a 30 days notice. PROVIDER can terminate the agreement immediately without any
compensation if CLIENT does not comply with the "Acceptable use policy" available online at this address http://www.aplus.net/use.html."
29. Governing Law. This Agreement was entered into in the State of California and its
validity, construction, interpretation and legal effect shall be governed by the laws and
judicial decisions of the State of California applicable to contracts entered into and
performed entirely within the State of California."
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Website: None.
Website status: Active.
Domain Name
multihgroup.com
IP address
216.55.145.250
Notes about website:
LegitScript received an email from said website operator offering anabolic steroids in
exchange for payment.
20
Registrar
DSTR ACQUISITION VII, LLC
PO Box 821067
Vancouver, WA 98682
Terms of Service Violated
Domain Bank and its designees shall have the right (but not the obligation) in their sole
discretion to refuse or move any Content that is available via our services. Without
limiting the foregoing, Domain Bank and its designees shall have the right to remove
any Content that violates this Registration Agreement or is otherwise objectionable.
Further, you acknowledge and agree that Domain Bank may preserve Content and may
also disclose such Content if required to do so by law or upon the good faith belief that
such preservation or disclosure is reasonably necessary to: (a) comply with legal
process; (b) enforce this Registration Agreement; (c) respond to claims that any Content
violates the rights of third-parties; or (d) protect the rights, property, or personal safety of
Domain Bank, its users and the public. … You agree to:
(n.) not intentionally or unintentionally violate any applicable local, state, national or
international law…
“16. Term and termination:
16.3 Termination. Domain Bank reserves the right to suspend, cancel, transfer or modify
your domain registration if:
(c) you use your domain in connection with unlawful activity;”
Domain Name
IP address
aol-vip.com**
203.174.81.170
e-anabolics.com !
203.174.81.170
** Website is the password protected login for anabolics-online.com, a steroids website.
! This website has alternately been up and then down over the last several weeks.
Terms of Service Violated
Domain Bank and its designees shall have the right (but not the obligation) in their sole
discretion to refuse or move any Content that is available via our services. Without
limiting the foregoing, Domain Bank and its designees shall have the right to remove
any Content that violates this Registration Agreement or is otherwise objectionable.
21
Further, you acknowledge and agree that Domain Bank may preserve Content and may
also disclose such Content if required to do so by law or upon the good faith belief that
such preservation or disclosure is reasonably necessary to: (a) comply with legal
process; (b) enforce this Registration Agreement; (c) respond to claims that any Content
violates the rights of third-parties; or (d) protect the rights, property, or personal safety of
Domain Bank, its users and the public. … You agree to:
(n.) not intentionally or unintentionally violate any applicable local, state, national or
international law…
“16. Term and termination:
16.3 Termination. Domain Bank reserves the right to suspend, cancel, transfer or modify
your domain registration if:
(xiv)you use your domain in connection with unlawful activity;”
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Websites: None.
Website status: Active.
22
Registrar
dynadot.com
PO Box 345
San Mateo, CA 94401
Terms of Service Violated
“7. RIGHT OF REFUSAL; CANCELLATION OF SERVICES; ACCEPTABLE USE
POLICY.
Morally objectionable activities include, but are not limited to, … activities prohibited by
the laws of the United States and/or foreign territories in which You conduct business;”
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Websites:
“Hello,
Thank you very much for submitting your complaint and accompanying evidence
regarding this matter. Our Legal Department asks that you refer this case to the FBI
Cyber-crimes Unit and/or another government agency, and have them contact us so
that we can work directly with the authorities towards resolution of this situation. Thank
you again for contacting Dynadot.
Best Regards,
Dynadot Staff”
Website status: Active.
Domain Name
anabolics4fitness.com
IP address
77.78.110.43
Notes about website:
LegitScript investigated website and corresponded with website operator, who offered
anabolic steroids in exchange for money.
23
Registrar
Everyones Internet, Ltd. dba resellone.net
315 Capitol Suite 205
Houston Texas 77002
Terms of Service Violated
“1. Compliance with laws.
You may not use the Service in any way that violates applicable state, federal or
international laws, regulations or other government requirements. Prohibited activities
include
* Fraud.
* Using the Service to make fraudulent offers to sell or buy products”
“3. Objectionable content.
You may not use the Service to post, transmit, distribute, or store any content, or
provide links to any external Internet site that contains content that in PeoplePC's
judgment is illegal, inappropriate, or otherwise objectionable. This includes:
Content that PeoplePC determines to be otherwise objectionable or harmful to
PeoplePC's reputation and brand image”
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Websites: None.
Website status: Active.
Domain Name
aanabolic.com
IP address
88.198.202.99
24
Registrar
eNom, Inc.
15801 NE 24th Street Bellevue
Washington 98006
Terms of Service Violated
12. You represent and warrant as follows: … c)
that your website and your use of the Services
will not violate any laws, including, without
limitation, laws relating to unsolicited
commercial email, child pornography, collection
of identifying information, consumer protection,
and privacy…
19. GOVERNING LAW: this Agreement, your
rights and obligations and all actions
contemplated by this Agreement shall be
governed by the laws of the United States of
America and the State of Washington, as if the
Agreement was a contract wholly entered into
and wholly performed within the State of
Washington. …
Domain Name
IP address
airsealed.com
83.223.116.240
anabolicsteroidsaccess.com
217.26.212.7
anabolicsteroidsaction.com
217.26.212.20
anabolicsteroidsavenue.com
217.26.212.7
anabolicsteroidspharma.com
217.26.212.7
lookformeds.com
217.26.212.4
pharma-active.com*
217.26.212.4
synthethic-androgen.com
70.86.24.154
* Site is active but no content was found
** Site is member-only/password protected
! Site appears suspended
By registering a domain name or applying for
other Service(s) you also represent that the
statements in your application are true and you also represent that the domain name is
not being registered or the Services being procured for any unlawful purpose.”
“You agree you shall use the Company's services only for lawful purposes.” (Shared
Hosting Master Service Agreement.)
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Websites: “After researching the other
domains, we have found that eNom, Inc. only provides domain name registration for
these domains. We are not the webhost, internet service provider, or administrator for
the domains. Given that we are not the webhost for the domain, the material identified
in your notification does not reside on eNomʼs computer servers. Accordingly, we do
not have the technical ability to remove or disable specific items of objectionable
content.
Again, due to the limited technical sphere in which eNom operates, we do not believe
that we are the correct party to contact regarding this matter. In this instance, we
suggest that you contact the party operating the website or the party hosting the website
25
to have this matter properly resolved. A "ping" of the website you indicated often reveals
the IP number of the party which probably hosts this website. You may then use http://
www.arin.net/whois/ or another similar tool to identify this party.”
Website status: Active/unchanged.
Notes on websites:
The website pharma-active.com simply displays “coming soon” text. However, given the
name of the site and the fact that is shares an IP address with anabolic steroid selling
sites ⎯ and is the only other website on that IP address we found not active ⎯ and is
also registered to the same individual controlling the other sites, we think that this is a
“backup site” for anabolic steroids and should be treated the same.
26
Registrar
EstDomains, Inc
110 W. Ninth Street #688
Wilmington Delaware
Terms of Service Violated
"2. Terms of USAGE OF OrderBox
(1) Customer, or its contractors, employees, directors, officers, representatives, agents
and affiliates and OrderBox Users, either directly or indirectly, shall not use or permit
use of the OrderBox, directly or indirectly, in violation of any federal, state or local rule,
regulation or law, or for any unlawful purpose
(9) Using OrderBox directly or indirectly for any of the below activities activities:
(15)Unlawful or illegal activities of any kind"
Domain Name
IP address
anasteroid.com !
87.118.122.122
sale-steroids.com !
87.118.122.122
topanabolics.com !
87.118.122.122
fitnesspharmaas.com
208.113.151.229
* Site is active but no content was found
** Site is member-only/password protected
! Site appears suspended
27
Registrar
GoDaddy
14455 N. Hayden Rd.
Suite 219
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Terms of Service Violated
5. NO UNLAWFUL CONDUCT OR IMPROPER USE.
As a condition of Your use of Go Daddy ʼs Software and Services, You agree not to use
them for any purpose that is unlawful or prohibited by these terms and conditions, and
You agree to comply with any applicable local, state, federal and international laws,
government rules or requirements. …
Go Daddy reserves the right at all times…to edit, refuse to post or to remove any
information or materials, in whole or in part, in Go Daddy's sole discretion.
Go Daddy reserves the right to review Your use of the Services and to cancel the
Services in its sole discretion. Go Daddy reserves the right to terminate Your access to
the Services at any time, without notice, for any reason whatsoever.
Except as set forth below, Go Daddy may also cancel Your use of the Services, after
thirty (30) days, if You are using the Services, as determined by Go Daddy in its sole
discretion, in association with spam or morally objectionable activities. Morally
objectionable activities will include, but not be limited to: … activities prohibited by the
laws of the United States and/or foreign territories in which You conduct business;
activities designed to encourage unlawful behavior by others, such as hate crimes,
terrorism and child pornography; … and activities designed to harm or use unethically
minors in any way.”
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Websites: None.
Website status: Active.
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
1abcpharma.com
WILD WEST
217.26.209.2
abs365.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.20
abspharmacy.com*
WILD WEST
217.26.212.20
28
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
admiralmeds.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.7
anabolicpharmaeurope.com
WILD WEST
77.78.110.43
anaboliceurope.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.4
anabolic-power.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.4
anabolic-steroids.net
WILD WEST
217.26.212.22
anabolicsteroidsuccess.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.7
arimiplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
arimiplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
AXHOST.ORG
GODADDY
73.36.218.90
axiolabsgear.com
GODADDY
81.223.243.114
b3slabs.com
GODADDY
84.16.252.25
bestoralsteroids.com
GODADDY
91.185.201.174
bodybolics.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
body-pharmacy.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
buildmeds.com*
WILD WEST
217.26.212.7
buybestanabolicsteroids.com
GODADDY
91.185.201.174
buyclenbuterol.net
GODADDY
91.185.201.174
buysteroidsuk.com
WILD WEST
203.142.28.99
buysustanon.info
GODADDY
98.130.42.2
buysustanon.org
GODADDY
91.185.201.174
buywinstrol.net
GODADDY
91.185.201.174
capital-pharmacy.com
GODADDY
212.72.99.59
clenbutaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
29
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
clomiplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
clomiplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
decaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
decaplex275.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
duraplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
duraplex100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
duraplex100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
effectivemedications.com
GODADDY
91.185.201.174
equiplex200.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
euromuskeln.com
GODADDY
84.51.37.223
europeandispensary.net*
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
eurosteroids.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
extra-body.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
haloplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
haloplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
ianadrol.com
GODADDY
69.10.143.180
isteroids.com
GODADDY
69.10.143.190
ivitamins.org
GODADDY
202.67.154.151
letroplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
letroplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
mastaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
mastaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
mastaplex100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
30
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
mastaplex100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
mastaplex200.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
mastaplex200.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
meds-shop.org
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
methanoplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
methanoplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
methanoplex10.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
methanoplex10.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
methanoplex50.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
methanoplex50.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
muscle-medications.com*
GODADDY
217.26.209.2
mynet-pay.com*
GODADDY
217.26.212.4
normshop.net
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
oxandroplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
oxandroplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
oxyplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
pharmabolic.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.20
pharmacy-united.com*
WILD WEST
217.26.212.4
pharmanabolics.com
WILD WEST
80.65.160.27
pharmastate.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.4
pharma-state.com*
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
primoplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
primoplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
31
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
primoplex100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
primoplex100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
primoplex25.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
primoplex25.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
proviraplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
proviraplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
roid4sale.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
roid4sale.net
GODADDY
209.97.196.4
sildenaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
sildenaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
sildenaplex100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
sildenaplex100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanaplex50.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanaplex50.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanoplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanoplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanoplex10.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanoplex10.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanoplex50.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
stanoplex50.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
steroidplex.com*
GODADDY
72.36.218.90
32
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
steroidsconnectionmarket.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.4
steroidsland.com
GODADDY
72.36.218.94
steroidspharmacy.net
GODADDY
72.36.218.90
steroidsplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.218.90
steroids-shop.net
GODADDY
72.36.218.90
steroidstation.com
WILD WEST
217.26.212.20
sustaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
sustaplex325.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
sustaplex325.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
syntropin.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
taldenaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
taldenaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
taldenaplex20.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
taldenaplex20.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
tamoxiplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
tamoxiplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexc200.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexc200.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexe250.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexe250.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexp100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
33
Domain Name
Registrar
IP address
testaplexp100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexp50.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
testaplexp50.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplexa100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplexa100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplexd100.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplexd100.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplexe200.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trenaplexe200.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trinaplex.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trinaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
trinaplex200.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
tri-trenabolestore.com
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
turanaplex.net
GODADDY
72.36.245.18
underground-pharmacy.com
GODADDY
217.26.212.21
wholesalesteroids.com**
WILD WEST
212.72.99.59
34
Registrar
Parava Networks, Inc. dba 10-Domains.com
5444 Westheimer Road Suite #1585
Houston, TX
Domain Name
IP address
buionpharmacie.com
200.2.204.171
medpharmacare.com
200.2.204.171
ortpharmacy.com
200.2.204.182
Terms of Service Violated
4.2 ANTI SPAM POLICY. Except as set forth below, Parava Networks may also cancel
Your use of the Services, after thirty (30) days, if You are using the Services in
association with spam or morally objectionable activities. Morally objectionable activities
will include, but not be limited to: activities designed to defame, embarrass, harm,
abuse, threaten, slander or harass third parties; activities prohibited by the laws of the
United States and/or foreign territories in which You conduct business…
Response to Request to Terminate Offending Websites: None.
Website status: Active.
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