Fullest Faithful to Early Anglian

1
FULLEST FAITHFUL TO EARLY ANGLIAN
Vowels (from any language unless specified; English is early Anglian (Epinal Glossary, but without
smoothing; also æCC before back vowels usually becomes retracted to aCC, except where *j or *i
originally followed the CC, or if æ < ǣ; Northumbrian retraction of earC to arC is frequent, with its
subsequent umlaut ærC; also sometimes æht is replaced by aht due to the influence of related verbs; ON
æ, œ, ø develop the same as Anglian ǣ, œ̄ , œ)
C = consonant(s); CC = two or more consonants; ̆ = shortened long vowel (before geminates); V = vowel;
N = northern Anglian dialects (including Scandinavian loans therein); ON = Old Norse; OF = Old
French; MDu = Middle Dutch; MLG = Middle Low German; Lat = Latin; Gk = Greek
Letter Sound Source(s)
a
á
å
ä
a̋
e
é
ë
e̋
i
í
ï
ı̋
o
ó
ö
ő
u
ú
ü
ű
ay
aw
áy
áw
äy
äw
a̋ y
a̋ w
åy
åw
ey
ew
éy
éw
[ɑ]
[ä:]
[ɒ:]
[a]
[æ:]
[ɛ]
[e:]
[ʌ]
[ɤ:]
[ɩ]
[i:]
[ɷ]
[ɯ:]
[ɔ]
[o:]
[œ]
[ø:]
[ʊ]
[u:]
[ʏ]
[y:]
[ɑj]
[ɑw]
[ä:j]
[ä:w]
[aj]
[aw]
[æ:j]
[æ:w]
[ɒ:j]
[ɒ:w]
[ɛj]
[ɛw]
[e:j]
[e:w]
a; ă; [ɑ] is fully low and fully back with open lips, like American /ɑ/ (short as in hot)
ēa; N, OF, MDu, MLG, Lat ā; [ä:] is fully low central long and with open lips, like RP /ɑ:/
A, ON ā; ǭ; [ɒ:] is upper low back long with rounded lips, similar to RP /ɔ:/~Swedish /ɑ:/
æ not before nasals, ea; æ̆ , ĕa; [a] is fully low and fully front with open lips, like RP /æ/
ǣ; ę̄, ǟ; Lat æ; [æ:] is upper low front long with spread lips, like RP /ɛə/~/ɛ:/, Swedish /ɛ:/~/æ:/
e; ĕ; æN
ē; ē ̣, ie
eo; ĕo; ON Cja
ēo; ON Cjō
i; ĭ
ī
io; ĭo; Cjǫ; [ɷ] is [ʊ] with spread lips
īo; Cjū, Cjā
o; ŏ; ON ǫN, ǫ after v, initial j; OF uN
ō; ọ̄
œ; œ̆ ; ü̆ e
œ̄ ; üe
u (plus past participles, new derivatives of class II strong verbs with ū in present); ŭ; ọ
ū
y; y̆ ; ü
ȳ; ǖ
ai
aw; OF, MDu, MLG, Lat au(w)
ēaġ; MDu āi
ēaw; MDu, MLG āw
æġ
eaw, eau
ǣġ; ǟi
ǣw
A āi; ǭi
A āw
eġ, ei
ew, eu
ēġ
ēw
2
ëy
ëw
e̋ y
e̋ w
iy
iw
íj
íw
ïy
ïw
ı̋ y
ı̋ w
oy
ow
óy
ów
öy
öw
őy
őw
uy
uw
úy
úw
üy
üw
űy
űw
[ʌj]
[ʌw]
[ɤ:j]
[ɤ:w]
[ɩj]
[ɩw]
[i:j]
[i:w]
[ɷj]
[ɷw]
[ɯ:j]
[ɯ:w]
[ɔj]
[ɔw]
[o:j]
[o:w]
[œj]
[œw]
[ø:j]
[ø:w]
[ʊj]
[ʊw]
[u:j]
[u:w]
[ʏj]
[ʏw]
[y:j]
[y:w]
eġu
eow
ēoġ
ēow
iġ
iw, ieu
īġ
īw
iġu
iow
īoġ
īow
oi
ow; ON au; ou(w)
ōi; ọ̄i
ōw
ey(j), üei
øu
œ̄ ġ
œ̄ w
ui
uw
ūi
ūw
yġ, üi
üeu
ȳġ, ȳj
ȳw
3
Vowel Position Chart
i: y:
u: ɯ:
ɪʏ
ʊɷ
e: ø:
o: ɤ:
ə
ɛœ
ɔʌ
æ:
ɒ:
a
ä:
ɑ
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Consonants (from any language unless specified)
Pp
[p]
p
PP pp [pp, p] pp; pronounced [p] finally, otherwise [pp]
Bb
[b]
b
BB bb [bb, b] bb; pronounced [b] finally, otherwise [b]
Tt
[t]
t
TT tt [tt]
tt; pronounced [t] finally, otherwise [tt]
D d [d]
d
DD dd [dd, d] dd; pronounced [d] finally, otherwise [dd]
K k [k]
c; k; OF c before a, o, u, consonants; OF qu; MDu, MLG ch after s
KK kk [kk] cc; kk; pronounced [k] finally, otherwise [kk]
G g [g]
g initial; -g- after n; OF g before a, o, u, consonants; OF gu except Northern
GG gg [gg, g] cg; gg; pronounced [g] finally, otherwise [gg]
Cc
[ʧ]
ċ1; OF ch
CC cc [tʧ, ʧ] ċċ; pronounced [ʧ] finally, otherwise [tʧ]
Jj
[ʤ] ġ after n1; OF j, or g before e, i
CG cg [dʤ, ʤ] ċġ; pronounced [ʤ] finally, otherwise [dʤ]
Ff
[f]
f-, in ft; OF ff; Greek ph
FF ff [ff, f] Gmc ff; pronounced [f] finally, otherwise [ff]
Vv
[v, f] -f, -f(-); OF v, MLG/MDu v
Þþ
[θ]
þ-, ð- except articles, relative pronouns, conjunctions, etc. below; Gk th
ÞÞ þþ [θθ, θ] þþ, ðð; pronounced [θ] finally, otherwise [θθ]
Ðð
[ð, θ] -þ(-), -ð(-); þ-, ð- in articles, relative pronouns, conjunctions, unstressed pronouns
Ss
[s]
s-, in sp, st, sc, sk, ps/fs (> ps); OF ss; Gk s
SS ss [ss, s] Gmc ss; pronounced [s] finally, otherwise [ss]
Ƨƨ
[z, s] -s(-); OF aphetic des-, es- before voiced sounds; MLG/MDu s- + V; Gk z
Sc sc [ʃ, ʃʃ] sċ; OF -iss-, sch; pronounced [ʃ] initially, finally, after consonants, otherwise [ʃʃ]
Ƨj ƨj [ʒ]
OF desj-, esj-, desge-, esge-, desgi-, esgi-; [ʒ] in foreign words
Ħ ħ [x]
in ht; Greek kh/ch
ĦĦ ħħ[xx, x] hh; MDu/MLG other ch; pronounced [x] finally, otherwise [xx]
Ʒʒ
[ɣ, x] -g(-) not after n except in OF; -h; MDu/MLG g all positions (nʒ = [ŋ])
H h [h]
h- (retained before l, n, r as in earliest ME (traces in Orm), also before w)
Zz
[ʦ]
ts/ds/þs/z; OF c before e, i; OF ç; OF t before i plus vowel; Hebrew, Arabic sounds
Xx
[ks] x/hs/cs
M m [m]
m
MM mm [mm, m] mm; pronounced [m] finally, otherwise [mm]
N n [n, ŋ] n ([ŋ] before velars, [n] otherwise)
NN nn [nn, n] nn; pronounced [n] finally, otherwise [nn]
W w [w]
w; ON v
Ll
[l]
l
LL ll [ll, l] ll; pronounced [l] finally, otherwise [ll]
Rr
[ɾ, ɹ] r ([ɾ] before stressed vowels, [ɹ] otherwise)
RR rr [r]
rr
Yy
[j]
ġ otherwise; vowels above; ON, MLG, MDu, Lat j; Lat, Gk i, y before vowels
Geminate consonants are retained, except after unstressed vowels, where they are simplified. Germanic
(Anglian, Old Norse, Middle Dutch, Middle Low German), Latin, and Greek geminates are all retained. OF
consonants usually become single, with the exception of rr which stays geminated.
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Initial f, þ/ð, s, h remain voiceless, medial f, þ/ð, s, g become voiced between voiced sounds and remain or
become voiceless next to voiceless sounds, and final f, þ/ð, s, h/g remain or become voiceless. Ff, þþ/ðð, ss, hh
all remain voiceless, as does sċ.
1
Often when final are depalatalized (the usual phonetic law), often alongside variants that retain final
palatalization (from inflected forms). Also related words might influence whether palatalized or not.
Unstressed Vowels (classical Old English)
Unstressed a is retained everywhere as ə [ə]. Unstressed final u is lost, except where u represents vocalized w,
which becomes -u [u] (inflected -w- [w]), and where it corresponds to the īn-declension in other languages, in
which case it becomes ə. Unstressed e (< i), o (< u), and u before final l, r, m, n were lost (except in
grammatical syllables) since they were regularly lost in this position when inflected, unless they were originally
in a long syllable (whether the vowel or the consonant was long), or the resulting consonant sequence was
unpronounceable, in which case they become ə; Final e becomes ə. Any e from earlier æ also becomes ə.
Otherwise i and u are retained as i and u in the endings -ic, -iht, -ing, -isc, -lic, -sum, -uc, -ung. The ending -iġ
becomes -i [i], before vowels -y- [j]. Unstressed e in -ness, -scepe (later -scipe) remains as such; otherwise halfstressed suffixes and prefixes preserve full vowels like those of stressed syllables. Unstressed -i- before vowels
in class II weak verbs becomes i + vowel, pronounced [i] usually (rather than [j]), except where the
syllabification prefers [j] (such as after an unstressed syllable). Final ġ after a consonant becomes -i [i]
(inflected -y- [j]).
Old Norse unstressed vowels (a, i, u) are preserved everywhere as ə.
Old French unstressed e is retained as ə before single consonants and finally, and as e before two or more
consonants including geminates (> single consonants in unstressed position). All other Old French unstressed
vowels are retained as full vowels.
Middle Dutch and Middle Low German unstressed e is retained as ə.
Latin and Greek unstressed vowels are usually (but not invariably) preserved as full vowels. Occasionally they
may be reduced to ə, usually depending on the age of the loanword.
Order of the Alphabet
Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Áá,
Åå, Ää, A̋ a̋ , Ðð, Éé, Ëë, E̋ e̋ , Ʒʒ, Ħħ, Íí, Ïï, I̋ ı̋ , Óó, Öö, Őő, Ƨƨ, Þþ, Úú, Üü, Űű, Əə.
GRAMMAR OF ENGLISC
Nouns
1. Nouns ending in a consonant (excluding consonant-stems)
Sg
Nom Acc -
Pl
-əƨ
-əƨ
6
Dat
Gen
-ə
-əƨ
-əm
-ə
Nouns with ä in stressed syllable followed by a single consonant, or two or more consonants including
geminates other than nC, lC, rX (where X represents any non-velar), ċċ, ċġ, sċ, change this to a in the plural;
nouns with e in the stressed syllable followed by a single consonant change it to ë in the plural; nouns with i in
the stressed syllable followed by a single consonant change it to ï in the plural; nouns ending in -äy and -ey
change these to -aʒ-, -ëʒ- in the plural.
2. Nouns ending in -ə
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
-ə
-ən
-ən
-ən
Pl
-ən
-ən
-əm
-ənə
3. Monosüllabic Consonant Stems
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
Pl
-, i-umlaut
-, i-umlaut
-, i-umlaut
-, i-umlaut
-əm
-ə
Monosyllabic consonant stems are: fót, foot (nom. pl. főt), mann, man (nom. pl. menn), óƨ, pagan god (nom.
pl. őƨ), tóð, tooth (nom. pl. tőð), frı̋ nd, friend (nom. pl. frı̋ nd), fı̋ nd, enemy (nom. pl. fı̋ nd). åk, oak (nom. pl.
a̋ k), gåt, goat (nom. pl. ga̋ t), brőc, pants (pl. of brók leg of pants), góƨ, goose (nom. pl. gőƨ), bók, book (nom.
pl. bők), burʒ, city (nom. pl. bürʒ), dung, basement (nom. pl. düng), turv, sod (gen. dat. sg. türv), grút, spent
grain after brewing (nom. pl. grűt), lúƨ, louse (nom. pl. lűƨ), múƨ, mouse (nom. pl. műƨ), furʒ, furrow (nom.
pl. fürʒ), sulʒ, plough (nom. pl. sülʒ), þrúʒ, pipe (nom. pl. þrűʒ), wlóʒ, tassel (nom. pl. wlőʒ), kú, cow (nom.
pl. kű), näħt, night (nom. pl. neħt), á, river (nom. pl. é), hnut, nut (nom. pl. hnüt), stud, post (nom. pl. stüd),
stuð, strut, wall-stud (nom. pl. stüð), hnït, nit (nom. pl. hnit).
4. The r-stem nouns of relationship (fädər, bróðr, módr, swëstr, doħtr, i-umlaut fädər, brőðr, mődr, swistr,
döħtr) follow the following declension:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
-, i-umlaut
-, i-umlaut
Pl
-əƨ
-əƨ
-əm
-ə
5. The tribal or national names that diverge from the main declension (Englə, Säxə, Mercə, Dérə, Bërnicə,
Norðhümbrə, Súðhümbrə, I̋tə, Denə, Súðəryə, Ástəryə, Holmrücgə, Secgə, A̋güptə, Perƨə, Grékə) follow
the following declension:
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Pl
Nom -ə
Acc -ə
Dat -əm
Gen -ənə
Also the nouns älvə elves, lı̋ də people, both plural, and the suffix -wər which declines as above in the plural.
6. S-stems follow the following declension:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
-ə
-əƨ
Pl
-r
-r
-rəm
-rə
S-stems are: a̋ y, egg, cild, infant, kalv, calf, lamb, lamb, le̋ w, ham of the leg, brád, bread, speld, glowing flake,
ha̋ md, cohabitative relationship.
Adjectives (Strong: preceded by nothing, indefinite article, indefinite adjective, interrogative adjective, or
possessive adjective; Weak: preceded by definite article or demonstrative adjective, or when used as a noun)
A) Ending in a Consonant
Strong
Weak
Sg
Anim. Inan. Count Inan. Non-Count
Pl
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
-nə
-əm
-əƨ
-ə
-ə
-əm
-rə
-əm
-əƨ
-ə
-rə
-rə
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
Pl
-ə
-ən
-ən
-ən
-ən
-ən
-əm
-ənə
Sg
Pl
-ə
-ən
-ən
-ən
-ən
-ən
-əm
-ənə
B) Ending in -ə
Strong
Weak
Sg
Anim. Inan. Count Inan. Non-Count
Pl
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
-ə
-nə
-əm
-əƨ
-ə
-ə
-əm
-rə
-ə
-ə
-əm
-əƨ
-ə
-ə
-rə
-rə
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Adjectives ending in -i (OE -iġ) and -u (OE -u, -o) decline like those ending in consonants except that they have
i, u finally and before consonants, and y, w before ə.
Comparative: -rə (with weak endings)
Superlative: -əst (with strong or weak endings)
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Adverb: -ə
Adverb Comparative: -ər
Adverb Superlative: -əst
Certain adjectives have i-umlaut in the comparative and superlative, and add the endings -rə, -(ə)st:
ald, old
yung, young
háʒ, high
lang, long
scort, short
grát, thick, fat, big
äldrə
yüngrə
hérə
lengrə
scürtrə
grétrə
äldəst
yüngəst
hést
lengəst
scürtəst
grétəst
Certain other adjectives form their comparative and superlative from other roots:
gód, good
üvl, bad
fël1 much/many
(micl, great, large; adv. greatly
fäwə1, little, few
(lűtl, little, small; adv. little
betrə
wirsə
mårə
micəlrə
lässə
lűtəlrə
bezt
wirst
måst
micləst)
la̋ st
lűtləst)
(note lűt a little, a bit (and adv.), a few, hwón some, adv. somewhat)
1
Indeclinable (neut. sg. noun), takes gen. sg. (non-countables) or gen. pl. (countables) of quantified noun.
Adverbial forms: wel, well; illə badly, ill, poorly; nı̋wənə recent(ly); tulʒə practically, virtually
Certain old comparative and superlative forms, adjective or adverb, have new derived meanings:
leng, (any) longer, (any) more, (no) longer, (no) more
ärrə, previous, prior (adv. previously, earlier, before; yú = already, yårə = ago, past)
a̋ rəst, initial
heldr, rather (= preferably)
heldəst, most, foremost, soonest (adv.), most preferably
éð, rather, sooner, more likely, more easily
néxt, next
síð, late (in the day, in the month, in the year, etc. -- comp. síðrə/síðər, sup. síðəst)
tüli, more accurately, more nearly, (or) rather
tülyəst, all but
bet, to boot
ma̋ , largely
Irregular comparatives and superlatives and associated prepositions and adverbs
fërr, far, distant
fërrən, from afar
firr, farther, more distant, the far (side, etc.)
ne̋ ʒ, near, close
nérə, nearer, closer
firrəst, farthest, most distant
nést, nearest, closest ne̋ n, from nearby
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for, before, beforehand, prior (to)
forə, ahead (of)
forən, from before, from the front fürr, fore-,
anterior
fürst frontmost, foremost (formə first)
bəforən, in front (of) təforən, at/to the front (of)
ätforən, in the presence of, (w. acc.) up to wiðforən, facing, opposite əforən, in one’s path, in the way (of)
forəwerd, facing forward, facing ahead, facing (towards) the front
forwerd, former, erstwhile
forməst foremost (fig.), leading
fürməst primary
in, in, into (a 3-dimensional space, or a bounded 2-dimensional or 1-dimensional space); (temporal) in (a certain
measure of time, e.g. in six minutes, in an hour, in a year)
ïnnə, inside (of)
ïnnən, from within,
from inside (of)
innərə inner, interior innəməst innermost, inmost bïnnən, within
wiðïnnən, on the inside (of) ənïnnən, indoor(s) inwerd, facing inward
út, out (+ gen. out of)
útə, outside (of)
exterior
útəməst outermost, farthest out
útwerd, facing outward
bútən, without
wiðútən, on the outside (of) forútən, besides
outside (of), in circumference (around)
útən, from without, from outside (of)
útərə outer,
űtərə, utter
űtəməst, utmost
əbútən, about (locational only)
ənútən, outdoor(s) ümbútən, round about, around the
nimðə, except, save, apart from, excluding, other than; unless
nevnə, only (= German nur)
uvən, from above
uvərə, upper uvəməst, uppermost, topmost
uvə, above
wiðuvən, on the surface (of) ənuvən, exceeding, in excess of
uvəwerd, facing up
superior
üvəməst, supreme (űmst maximum) üvəwerd, looking up (to someone)
prospering, succeeding
buvən, overhead
əbuvən, in excess (of)
ovr, over üvərə,
uvər, on the way up,
up, up uppə, high up uppərə, upper, higher (up) uppəməst, uppermost, highest (up) uppən, on top (of)
ənuppən as high as, at, to the point of, no higher than, in the amount of wiðuppən, at the top (of), atop
upwerd, upward, heading up, ascending, upstream
niðər, down nïðə, below nïðən, from below
niðərə, inferior
nïðəməst, most inferior, worst
bənïðən beneath (and fig.) wiðnïðən on the underside of niðərwerd,
nïðəwerd, facing down
downward, heading down, descending, downstream (låʒ low, låʒrə lower, lower down, låʒəst lowest, lowest
down)
undə, underground, underwater
undən, from under, out
undər, under undərə, deeper underground,
deeper underwater
undəməst, infernal, deepest underground, deepest underwater
undərnïðən
underneath (lying under a surface) ənundər, just under
forð, forward(s), forth
furð, on, onward
furðwerd onward
forðəməst, in/at the forefront
forðwerd progressive
furðər, further
furðəst, eventual(ly) furðərmå furthermore
furðərwerd ongoing furðərlik continued furðrə the further, later
aftə, afterwards
aftən, following, in consequence of äftər, (w. dat.) in keeping with, in agreement with,
by (the book), with (the grain), aligned with; (w. acc.) in pursuit of, for, to get; (w. gen.) according to, as per
äftərə, (the) latter
äftəməst, last
baftən, after (prep., adv.)
wiðaftən, immediately after, right
after aftəwerd later, future
äftərwerd subsequent
hïndə, in the rear
hïndən, from behind hindər, behind
hindərə, rear, hind-, posterior
10
hindəməst, hindmost
bəhïndən, in back of
wiðhïndən, immediately behind, right behind
äthïndən, pro-, for, behind (fig.), supporting
əhïndən, backing, supporting əhindər, backwards, in
reverse
hïndəwerd, facing back, facing the rear, rearward, backward(s)
hindərwerd, reversed, wrong
end first, backward(s)
əmiddən, amid(st), in the midst (of)
ənevn, next to, adjacent to
bəsídən, beside
əsídən, aside
bətwïx, between
əmang, among
əmellə, between, among, amid
andlang, along
bəyondən, on the other side (of)
bəyonən, beyond
yonə beyond yonən from beyond
yonr past
yondr over thither; to the other side yondə over there, over yonder
yondən from over there, from yonder; from the other side
üm, around; about (indicating vicinity, area, range, environs; perimeter, total surface, envelope; approximation;
reference, matter, concern); (temporal) at about (a certain time)
be, bə indicates: means, method, way; agent; viewpoint, judgment, estimation; cause, reason; and can also be
translated as: (agent, means, method) by; (way) by way of, via; (temporal) during, by; (circumstances) by,
during, under; (cause) from, by, of, for (all indicating cause or reason)
bí, by, next to, with (all indicating location); (temporal) around, circa
form bí...furð
bífurð, (going) by, past (as prep. has
te, tə, (indicating definition, function, purpose) as, as a, in the function of, in the function as a; for (e.g. ‘he’s
pretty big for a puppy’); (indicating change) into
ät, at = at (a geographical location), at the scene of (an event), at the location of (a business, organization), at
the house of, at the office of, on the grounds of; (temporal) at the time of, at the occasion of; indicates also
coincidence, attendance, presence, scene, occasion
mid, with (indicating accompaniment, simultaneity, instrument, etc.); (temporal) during
fër, for (the benefit of), representing, on behalf of; supporting, defending, favoring; (temporal) for (the future,
tomorrow, next week, etc.)
til, for (the purpose of), in order to, with the goal of, with the aim of, to get, to gain; (temporal) (planning,
aiming) for (a certain time); (before gerunds) to
11
until, headed for (w. dat.), in the direction of (w. dat., acc.), towards (w. acc.) (a place, person, being, or
object), (headed) to (w. dat.)(a destination, e.g. of departing trains, flights, trips, etc.); (temporal) towards (a
certain time)
tó, (w. acc.) to (a location), (w. dat.) at (a point; having reached a place or a goal); (temporal) to, toward
tówerd imminent
untó, (just) up to, up close to (a person, being or object), approaching, (coming) on to (indicating lustful
approach); (temporal) going on (a certain time or length of time)
oð, till, until, as far as, up to (a limit)
ov, of, made (out) of, coming from, from (a country, town, region; land); (cause) because of, owing to, due to;
(temporal) from; unstressed prefix ov- indicates a result achieved by doing the action of the verb, whether this
be a thing or a state; also source, origin, provenance, base, basis, cause, reason
av off, off of (+ gen.)(and prefix)
on, (w. dat.) in (a geographical location, a country, town, region; an unbounded 2-dimensional or 1-dimensional
space; a state, condition; a situation); (w. acc.) to, into (a country, town, region, state, condition, situation);
(temporal) in (e.g. in April, in 1972, in winter); as prefix, it represents unstressed *ana- and signifies: 1)
inception; 2) conception; 3) perception; 4) reception; 5) presence, involvement; 6) influence, effect; 7)
unanalyzable meaning; or it represents the preposition combined with the following word into one word; ənrepresents *and- (unstressed; stressed and- as in nouns and adjectives), with reversing or nullifying meaning
an, on, upon, against, at, onto, to (= German an in its primary sense), indicating contact with a non-horizontal
surface, attachment (w. acc. motion thereto); (temporal) at
pan on, upon, onto (= German auf in its primary sense), indicating support by or contact with a horizontal
surface (with same sense as prefix, as well as figurative meanings derived therefrom)(w. acc. motion thereto);
(temporal) on (day, date, the hour)
from, from; (temporal) since; adv. and pref. off, forth, away, out (departure, leaving, commencement etc.)
fromwerd departing, leaving, commencing, headed out
frå, in the opposite direction to, against, counter to, contrary to, in violation of; fråwerd contrary
əyayn, in return, back; w. acc.: back at; w. dat.: in return for
regards, with respect to; (w. acc.) (looking, aimed, coming) at
acc. straight to, right to, all the way to
təyeyn, facing towards; (concern, matter) as
yeynəm straight, right, all the way (adv.); w.
wið, (indicating relations, dealings, comparison, reactions, stances) with, to, at, of, by; (indicating a side,
cardinal direction) to, on; (indicating general location) towards (e.g. towards the top, towards the end); (w. acc.,
indicating counterpart, answer, remedy, counteraction, preparation, anticipation, waiting) to, for; (answer, reply,
retort, requital, payment, exchange, barter) in return for, in reply to, in response to, in exchange for; (temporal)
by, no later than (a certain time)
wiðər, (w. dat.) against, opposing, fighting, versus; (w. acc.) at, towards (indicating hostile or harmful
approach); wiðərwerd opposing, countering
12
əwey away (+ gen. away from)
əþwert, in the way of
yond, throughout
þurʒ, through (in all English senses)
sundr, separate(ly) onsundrən, apart, asunder sundrlik, special
sundri, distinct; various, sundry
sundrlépə(ƨ), especial(ly)
sundriən to set apart, isolate sündriən, to segregate
sündri, odd
sündrlik, peculiar
sündrlépə(ƨ) exceptional(ly)
mislik, diverse, various
elr, (an)other, else (= different)
apart from, besides (that)
se elrə, the other
elləƨ, otherwise, (or) else
elcər, other than,
óðr, another (= an additional), a second; se óðrə, the second
norð, northward, north
norðə, in the north norðərə, north (adj.), more north (adv.)
norðəməst, north(ern)most (adj.), furthest north (adv.)
norðən, from the north
norðərnə, northern,
of the north bənorðən north of (+ gen.) norðwerd, facing north
sï norðə the North, the north
súð, southward, south
súðə, in the south
súðərə, south (adj.), more south (adv.)
súðən, from the south
súðərnə, southern, of
súðəməst, south(ern)most (adj.), furthest south (adv.)
the south
bəsúðən south of (+ gen.)
súðwerd, facing south
sï súðə the South, the south
ást, eastward, east
ástə, in the east
ástərə, east (adj.), more east (adv.) ástəməst east(ern)most (adj.),
furthest east (adv.)
ástən, from the east ástərnə, eastern, of the east bástən, east of (+ gen.)
ástwerd, facing east sï ástə the East, the east
west, westward, west
westə, in the west
westərə, west (adj.), more west (adv.)
westəməst, west(ern)most (adj.), furthest west (adv.)
westən, from the west
westərnə, western, of
sï westə the West, the west
the west
bəwestən, west of (+ gen.) westwerd, facing west
Indefinite Article (not used with non-countable nouns)
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Animate
Inanimate
a, ə (an, ən before vowels)
an, ən
am, əm
aƨ, əƨ
a, ə (an, ən before vowels)
a, ə (an, ən before vowels)
am
aƨ, əƨ
Definite Article
Sg
Animate
Nom
se, sə
Inanimate Count
ðät, ðət
Inanimate Non-Count
sï, sə
Pl
ða, ðə
13
Acc
Dat
Gen
ðan, ðən
ðam, ðəm
ðäƨ, ðəƨ
ðät, ðət
ðam, ðəm
ðäƨ, ðəƨ
ða, ðə
ðär, ðər
ðär, ðər
ða, ðə
ðäm, ðəm
ðar, ðər
Demonstrative “that (one, person), those (ones, persons)”, pointing:
Sg
Male
Inanimate
Female
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
sé
þanə
þam
þäƨ
þät
þät
þam
þäƨ
sı̋
þå
þa̋ rə
þa̋ rə
Pl
þå
þå
þa̋ m
þårə
Demonstrative “this (one, person), these (ones, persons)”, shown:
Sg
Male
Inanimate
Female
Pl
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
þés
þisnə
þïssəm
þissəƨ
þis
þis
þïssəm
þissəƨ
þı̋ s
þås
þissə
þissə
þås
þås
þïssəm
þïssə
Demonstrative “that”, just mentioned by you or him/her/them, and Relative Pronoun “who, which, that” (and
these forms are also used as pronouns meaning “the one”):
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
ðé
ðanə
ðam
ðäƨ
Inanimate Count
Inanimate Non-Count
ðät
ðät
ðam
ðäƨ
Pl
ðå
ðå
ða̋ m
ðårə
ðı̋
ðå
ða̋ rə
ða̋ rə
Demonstrative “this”, just mentioned by me or us:
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
ðés
ðisnə
ðïssəm
ðissəƨ
Inanimate Count
Inanimate Non-Count
ðis
ðis
ðïssəm
ðissəƨ
Pl
ðı̋ s
ðås
ðissə
ðissə
ðås
ðås
ðïssəm
ðïssə
3rd person pronouns:
Stressed
Male Female Inanimate
Nom
Acc
Dat
hé
hinə
him
hı̋
hí
hirə
hit
hit
him
Pl
Unstressed
Male Female Inanimate
Pl
þey
Nom
þey
Acc
þeym Dat
e
inə
im
ðey
ðey
ðeym
ï
i
ir
it
it
im
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Gen
hiƨ
hirə
hiƨ
þeyrə Gen
iƨ
ir
iƨ
ðeyr
The above pronouns are used reflexively. To express non-reflexive objective cases, use ðé etc. or ðés etc.
(depending on where in the sentence the antecedent is).
The reflexive possessive adjective of the 3rd person “his, her, its, their” is as follows:
Sg
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Animate
sín
sínnə
sínəm
sínəƨ
Inanimate Count
sín
sín
sínəm
sínəƨ
Inanimate Non-Count
sín
sínə
sínrə
sínrə
Pl
sínə
sínə
sínəm
sínrə
hiƨ etc. mean primarily “of him” etc. in phrases requiring a genitive construction; “of his” expressed by placing
the reflexive possessive adjective after the noun.
2nd person pronouns:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
Pl = you and you
Pl = you and him/her/them
þú, ðú
þek, ðek
þé, ðé
þín, ðín
yé
ı̋ wik
ı̋ w
ı̋ wr
yit
inkit
ink
inkr
The second forms are the unstressed forms.
The “general” pronoun, employed like colloquial English you when this means “a person, any person”, in
formal English one, is mon, declined like a singular noun ending in a consonant, and corresponds to German
man, Dutch men, French on.
Possessive Adjectives:
1. 2nd person singular
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
þín, ðín
þínnə, ðínnə
þínəm, ðínəm
þínəƨ, ðínəƨ
Inanimate Count
þín, ðín
þín, ðín
þínəm, ðínəm
þínəƨ, ðínəƨ
Inanimate Non-Count
þín, ðín
þínə, ðínə
þínrə, ðínrə
þínrə, ðínrə
Pl
þínə, ðínə
þínə, ðínə
þínəm, ðínəm
þínrə, ðínrə
2. 2nd person plural = you and you
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
ı̋ wr
ı̋ wrnə
ı̋ wrəm
Inanimate Count
ı̋ wr
ı̋ wr
ı̋ wrəm
Inanimate Non-Count
ı̋ wr
ı̋ wrə
ı̋wərə
Pl
ı̋ wrə
ı̋ wrə
ı̋ wrəm
15
Gen
ı̋ wrəƨ
ı̋ wrəƨ
ı̋wərə
ı̋wərə
3. 2nd person plural = you and he/she/they
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
inkr
inkrnə
inkrəm
inkrəƨ
Inanimate Count
Inanimate Non-Count
inkr
inkr
inkrəm
inkrəƨ
inkr
inkrə
inkərə
inkərə
Pl
inkrə
inkrə
inkrəm
inkərə
1st person pronouns:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
Pl “I and you”
Pl “I and he/she/they”
ik
mek
mé
mín
wit
unkit
unk
unkr
wé
úƨik
úƨ
úƨr
Inanimate Count
Inanimate Non-Count
Pl
mín
mínə
mínrə
mínrə
mínə
mínə
mínəm
mínrə
Inanimate Non-Count
Pl
Possessive Adjectives
1. 1st person singular
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
mín
mínnə
mínəm
mínəƨ
mín
mín
mínəm
mínəƨ
2. 1st person plural = I and you
Sg
Animate
Inanimate Count
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
unkr
unkrnə
unkrəm
unkrəƨ
unkr
unkr
unkrəm
unkrəƨ
unkr
unkrə
unkərə
unkərə
unkrə
unkrə
unkrəm
unkərə
3. 1st person plural = I and he/she/they
Sg
Animate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
úƨr, úr
úƨrnə, úrnə
úƨrəm, úrəm
úƨrəƨ, úrəƨ
Inanimate Count
úƨr, úr
úƨr, úr
úƨrəm, úrəm
úƨrəƨ, úrəƨ
Inanimate Non-Count
úƨr, úr
úƨrə, úrə
úƨərə, urrə
úƨərə, urrə
Pl
úƨrə, úrə
úƨrə, úrə
úƨrəm, úrəm
úƨərə, urrə
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Interrogative Pronouns:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Anim
Inanim
hwå
hwanə
hwam
hwäƨ
hwät
hwät
hwam
hwäƨ
Declined as strong adjectives:
hwilk “what (adj.), what man, what thing”,
hwäðər “which (one)”,
húlik “of what sort/kind, what kind/sort of”.
Note:
swelk “such, such a, of that description”,
þüllik “of this description, such, such a”,
swålik “that kind or sort of, of that kind or sort”,
þuslik “this kind or sort of, of this kind or sort”.
Indefinite Pronouns
a) with the prefix ät-:
äthwå “anyone (in questions and negatives), someone”,
äthwät “anything (in questions and negatives), something”,
äthwilk “some or other, any (one)(in questions and negatives)”,
äthwäðər “either, any (one) of them (in questions and negatives)”,
äthúlik “of any kind (in questions and negatives), of some sort”.
b) with the prefix å-:
åhwå “anyone (at all)”,
åhwät “anything (at all)”,
åhwilk “any (one) (at all)”,
åhwäðər “one or the other, any of them”,
åhúlik “of any kind, any kind of”.
c) with the prefix nåt-:
nåthwå “someone (or other)”,
nåthwät “something (or other)”,
nåthwilk “some (unknown)”,
nåthwäðər “one (or the other) of them”,
nåthúlik “of some sort, some kind of”
d) with the prefix yə-:
yəhwå “everybody (here, there)”,
17
yəhwät “everything (here, there)”,
yəhwilk “every (one)”,
yəhwäðər “each (one)”,
yəhúlik “of each kind, each kind of”
e) with the prefix a̋ y-:
a̋ yhwå “everybody (in the world)”,
a̋ yhwät “everything (in the world)”,
a̋ yhwilk “every (one), all (in the world)”,
a̋yhwäðər “all of them”,
a̋ yhúlik “of every kind, every kind of (in the world)”
f) with the prefix wel-:
welhwå “nearly everybody”,
welhwät “nearly everything”,
welhwilk “nearly every (one), nearly all”,
welhwäðər “nearly all of them, each one almost”,
welhúlik “nearly every kind of, of nearly every kind”
g) with the prefix swå-:
swåhwå “he who, whoever, whosoever”,
swåhwät “that which, whatever”,
swåhwilk “whichever (who), whatever (one that)”,
swåhwäðər “the one of them which, whichever of them”,
swåhúlik “whatever kind that, whatever kind”
h) with the prefix lók-:
lókhwå “no matter who, anyone possible, it doesn’t matter who”,
lókhwät “no matter what, anything possible, it doesn’t matter what”,
lókhwilk “no matter what (one), any (one) possible, it doesn’t matter what (one)”,
lókhwäðər “no matter which (one), it doesn’t matter which (one)”,
lókhúlik “no matter what kind of, of no matter what kind, it doesn’t matter what kind of, it doesn’t matter of
what kind”
i) with the prefix nå-:
nåhwå “no one, nobody”,
nåhwät “nothing”,
nåhwilk “no, none”,
nåhwäðər “neither, none (of them)”,
nåhúlik “of no kind, no kind of”
Pronominal Adverbs and Conjunctions
Place
18
At which:
þár “there” (pointed to; also used with prepositions meaning “on that, in that”, etc. (þárpan, þárin, etc.)), ðár
“there” (mentioned; conjunction “where, at the place where”; also used with prepositions meaning “on it, in it”,
etc. and “on which, in which”, etc. (ðárpan, ðárin, etc.)),
hér “here” (also used with prepositions meaning “on this, in this”, etc. (hérpan, hérin, etc.),
hwár (questions “where”, assertions “anywhere, somewhere”);
åhwár “anywhere (at all)”,
äthwár “somewhere”,
yəhwár “everywhere (here, there)”,
a̋ yhwár “everywhere (in the world)”,
welhwár “nearly everywhere”,
swåhwár “wherever, any place which”,
lókhwár “no matter where, anywhere possible, it doesn’t matter where”,
nåhwár “nowhere”
To which:
þidər “thither, (to) there, in that direction” (pointed to),
ðidər “thither, (to) there” (mentioned; conjunction “whither, to the place where, in the direction that”),
hidər “hither, (to) here, in this direction”,
hwidər (questions “whither, to where, in what direction”, assertions “(to) anywhere, (to) somewhere, in any
direction, in a direction (that I don’t know)”),
åhwidər “(to) anywhere (at all), in any direction (at all)”,
äthwidər “(to) somewhere, in some direction”,
yəhwidər “(to) everywhere (here, there), in every direction (from here, from there)”,
a̋ yhwidər “(to) everywhere (in the world), all over, to all destinations”,
welhwidər “(to) nearly everywhere, in nearly every direction”,
swåhwidər “(to) wherever, in whatever/whichever direction, to whichever place that, in whatever direction
that”,
lókhwidər “(to) no matter where, (to) anywhere possible, it doesn’t matter (to) where, in no matter what
direction, in any direction possible, it doesn’t matter what/which direction”,
nåhwidər “(to) nowhere, in no direction”
From which:
þanən “thence, from there” (pointed to),
ðanən “thence, from there” (mentioned; conjunction “whence, from the place which”,
hønən “hence, from here”,
hwanən “whence, from where” (questions), “from anywhere, from somewhere” (assertions),
åhwanən “from anywhere (at all)”,
äthwanən “from somewhere”,
yəhwanən “from every direction”,
a̋ yhwanən “from everywhere”,
welhwanən “from nearly everywhere”,
swåhwanən “from wherever, from whatever place that”,
lókhwanən “from no matter where, from anywhere possible, it doesn’t matter from where”,
nåhwanən “from nowhere”
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Time
þannə “then, at that time”,
ðannə conjunction “when, at the time that”,
nú “now”,
hwannə “when” (questions), “anytime, sometime” (assertions),
åhwannə “anytime (at all)”,
äthwannə “sometime, someday”,
yəhwannə “at every time (then)”,
a̋ yhwannə “always”,
welhwannə “nearly always”,
swåhwannə “whenever, at whatever time that”,
lókhwannə “no matter when, at any time possible, it doesn’t matter when”,
nåhwannə “at no time”
Degree
þan “to that degree, that, so”,
ðan: conj. “to the degree that, as far as, as much as”; swå...ðan “as...as”; ðan...ðan “the...the”
swå “to this degree, this, so”,
hwan “to what degree, how” (questions), “to any degree, to a degree, somewhat” (assertions),
åhwan “to any degree (at all)”,
äthwan “to some degree”,
yəhwan “quite”,
a̋ yhwan “completely”,
welhwan “nearly, almost”,
swåhwan “to whatever degree (that)”,
lókhwan “to no matter what degree, to any degree possible, it doesn’t matter to what degree”,
nåhwan “to no degree, not at all”
Manner, Means, Method, State, Condition
swé “like this, so, thus, in this way, in this manner”,
swa “as, exactly like, in the same manner as”
(lík “like”),
þus “like that, so, thus, in that way, in that manner”,
ðus “consequently; so (as a consequence)”,
hú “how, in what way” (questions), “in a way, in any way or manner, by any means” ,
åhú “in any way or manner (at all), by any means (at all)”,
äthú “somehow, by some means, in some way”,
yəhú “in every way or manner (visible), by every means (mentioned)”,
a̋ yhú “in every way or manner (possible), by every means (possible)”,
welhú “in nearly every way or manner, by nearly every means”,
swåhú “however (that)”,
lókhú “in no matter what way or manner, in any way or manner possible, it doesn’t matter in what way or
manner, by no matter what means, by any means possible, it doesn’t matter by what means”,
nåhú “in no way or manner, by no means”
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Reason, Cause, Motive, Purpose
þű “for that reason, therefore, thus, because of that”,
ðű “because of which, for which reason”,
þűs “for this reason, thus, because of this”,
ðűs “hence, thus, therefore”,
hwű “why” (questions), “for a reason, for any reason” (assertions),
åhwű “for any reason (at all)”,
äthwű “for some reason”,
yəhwű “for every reason”,
a̋ yhwű “because of everything”,
welhwű “for nearly every reason”,
swåhwű “for whatever reason (that)”,
lókhwű “for no mater what reason, for any possible reason, it doesn’t matter for what reason”,
nåhwű “for no reason, for nothing”
Other common indefinite pronouns/pronominal adjectives/adverbs:
ne not;
all all (referring to totality);
a̋ lk every, all, any (referring to universality);
a̋ ni, any;
na̋ ni, not any, no, none;
nån not a, no;
å ever;
na̋ vrə never (a̋ vrə always, nå no interj.)
åwə forever;
nåwə nevermore;
ilk same; swé ilkə in the same way; swå ilkə just the same
sëlv oneself (myself, yourself, himself, themselves, etc.), emphatic; se sëlvə the very, just the; swé sëlvə just so,
just like that; swå sëlvə just as;
sum (a) certain, (a) particular;
åwiħt = äthwät;
nåwiħt = nåhwät; (åwiħt, nåwiħt are used especially when the constitution, substance, or species of the thing
is not known and this is being emphasized);
nalləƨ not at all,
alləƨ at all,
ák “also, too”;
nåwðər...né neither...nor;
åwðər...oþþə either...or;
húrə at least, at any rate;
yå, “yes” (in response to a positive question),
nå, “no” (in response to a positive question),
yeƨə, “yes” (in response to a negative question),
neƨə, “no” (in response to a negative question),
yey “yea, yay”,
ney “nay, boo”
ey “okay”
21
Relative Conjunction “that”: ðe, ðə
Other conjunctions and adverbs:
and “and”;
oþþə “or”;
ye “but also”; ye...ye “not only…but also”, “both...and”;
ak “but”;
þå “then (next, immediately after that)”;
ðå “as (causal), seeing as, seeing that”
ðen “than”
þennə “then (consequently, in that case, in those circumstances)”;
ðennə “in which case, in which circumstances (conjunction)”
hwennə “in what case, in what circumstances”;
þonən “from that time”
ðonən “from which time (conjunction)”
hwonən “from what time”
yev “if”;
hwen “whether” (indirect question); hwen...oþþə “whether...or” (indirect questions)
ðəla̋ stə “lest”
nåðəla̋ stə “nevertheless, nonetheless”
hin “gone, lost, irretrievable”
ðár iƨ, ðár sind “there is, there are” (= ‘il ya’ (Fr), ‘hay’ (Sp), ‘es gibt’ (Ger), ‘er is’ (Du))
lók ðár = “voilà” (Fr)
lók hér = “voici” (Fr)
forðəm “because”
forðə “since (causal)”
mittə “as (temporal)”
tilðə “in order that, so that”
tóðə “for (explanatory)”
swåðə “so as to”
swilkə “all the same”
allswå “just as, quite as”
allswé “with (all) that, for all that”
allmåst “nearly all, almost all”
ne̋ licə “nearly, almost” (ne̋ = closely, ne̋ lik = nearby, neighbouring)
yənaħħə “fairly, pretty”
þáʒ “although”;
þäʒ “anyway, in any case”
ðäʒ “even though, even if”
þoʒ “= German doch” (except as an affirmative to a negative question), i.e. indicates what is contrary to
expectation;
ðoʒ “yet” (conj.)
þánə “nevertheless”;
yén “yet, still” (adv.)
yét “hitherto, up to now”
nimðə “except, (with subjunctive) unless”;
húrə “anyhow, in any event”
nu “now” (in non-temporal senses)
22
nunə “as it is, as it stands, as things are”
núðə “already (with present tense), just now, just (with past or perfect tense)”
núnə “now = as of now, beginning now”
sïþþən “as soon as, once; as soon as that, (by) then; by (a certain time)”
Other adverbs:
nevnə “only” (= German nur),
twíʒ “two at a time, in pairs”,
bətwı̋n “in the meantime”,
þendən “meanwhile (adv.), while (conj.)”
a̋ nə “once (upon a time, formerly), at one time”
Numerals
1. ån (declined like regular adjectives); a̋ n “unit”
2.
Animate
Inanimate
“both”
Animate
Inanimate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
tweyn
tweyn
twåm
tweyrə
twå
twå
twåm
tweyrə
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
beyn
beyn
båm
beyrə
bå
bå
båm
beyrə
Combining form of “two” is twí-. “A couple” is tú.
3.
Animate
Inanimate
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
þrí
þrí
þrim
þrı̋ rə
þrı̋
þrı̋
þrim
þrı̋rə
Combining from of “three” is þrí-.
Numbers 4-99 are declined when not immediately before the noun; they follow the same declension as fe̋ wr
below, except aħtə is replaced by the stem aħt-.
4. fe̋ wr, combining form fe̋ wr-:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
fe̋wrə
fe̋wrə
fe̋wrəm
fe̋wərə (fívrə, sëxrə, sïvnrə, etc.)
5. fív
6. sëx
7. sïvn
8. aħtə, declined stem aħt-.
23
9. nïʒn
10. tén
11. enlïvn
12. twelv
13. þríténə
14. fe̋wrténə
15. fífténə
16. sëxténə
17. sïvnténə
18. aħtténə
19. nïʒnténə
20. twenti
30. þríti
40. fe̋ wrti
50. fífti
60. sëxti
70. sïvnti
80. aħtti
90. nïʒnti
100. hundrəd; when not immediately before the noun, declined as fe̋ wr; when used as a noun, declined as
below:
Nom
Acc
Dat
Gen
Sg
Pl
hundrəd
hundrəd
hundrədə
hundrədəƨ
hundrədəƨ
hundrədəƨ
hundrədəm
hundrədə
200. túhund; as a noun twå hundrəd
300. þríhund; as a noun þrí hundrəd
400. fe̋ wrhund; as a noun fe̋ wr hundrəd
500. fívhund; as a noun fív hundrəd
600. sëxhund; as a noun sëx hundrəd
700. sïvnhund; as a noun sïvn hundrəd
800. aħthund; as a noun aħtə hundrəd
900. nïʒnhund; as a noun nïʒn hundrəd
1000. þúƨənd; as a noun declined like hundrəd
2000. túþúƨənd; as a noun twå þúƨənd
etc.
Ordinals
1. formə
2. óðrə
3. þriddə
4. fe̋rðə
5. fíftə
24
6. sëxtə
7. sïvəðə
8. aħtəðə
9. nïʒəðə
10. te̋ðə
11. enliftə
12. twelftə
13. þríte̋ðə
14. fe̋wrte̋ðə
15. fífte̋ðə
16. sëxte̋ðə
17. sïvnte̋ðə
18. aħtte̋ðə
19. nïʒnte̋ðə
20. twentiʒəðə
30. þrítiʒəðə
40. fe̋ wrtiʒəðə
50. fíftiʒəðə
60. sëxtiʒəðə
70. sïvntiʒəðə
80. aħttiʒəðə
90. nïʒntiʒəðə
100. hundrədə
200. túhundə
300. þríhundə
400. fe̋ wrhundə
500. fívhundə
600. sëxhundə
700. sïvnhundə
800. aħthundə
900. nïʒnhundə
1000. þúƨəndə
Fractions
whole hål,
half halv
third þriddə da̋ l
fourth fe̋rðə da̋ l
fifth fíftə da̋ l
sixth sëxtə da̋ l
seventh sïvəðə da̋ l
eighth aħtəðə da̋ l
ninth nïʒəðə da̋ l
tenth te̋ðə da̋ l
eleventh enliftə da̋ l
twelfth twelftə da̋ l
thirteenth þríte̋ðə da̋ l
twentieth twentiʒəðə da̋ l
25
thirtieth þrítiʒəðə da̋ l
hundredth hundrədə da̋ l
thousandth þúƨəndə da̋ l
Multiplicatives
ånfald single,
twífald double,
þrífald triple,
fëðrfald, quadruple,
fívfald, quintuple,
sëxfald, sextuple,
sïvnfald, septuple,
aħtfald, octuple,
nïʒnfald, nonuple,
ténfald, decuple,
enlïvnfald elevenfold,
twelvfald, twelvefold,
þríténfald, thirteenfold,
twentifald, twentyfold,
þrítifald, thirtyfold,
hundrədfald, hundredfold,
þúƨəndfald, thousandfold
Others
ånlépi single, unmarried a̋ nlépi, solitary, ånlik singular, a̋ nlik unique, åni, alone, ånə, only, just (adv.), ångə
only, sole, ånsum lonely, a̋nəƨ, once, one time, a̋nə once, formerly
twinn, twin, tuwə, twice
þrïwə, thrice
fe̋ wr síðəm four times
fív síðəm five times
etc.
hwón some, sevral several
Verbs
Note that the present subjunctive functions as the subjunctive in Greek (including reporting indirect
speech in present time); it can also express in main clauses, with or without inversion of pronoun and verb, a
possibility; in addition to expressing a subjunctive clause in past time or indirect speech in past time, the past
subjunctive also expresses, after yev (which can be omitted, especially if the past subjunctive form is clearly
distinct from the past indicative form) or by inversion of pronoun and verb, something hypothetical or unreal
(“Irreales”). (Note that the conditional is expressed by mündə, mündən plus infinitive, and future in past by
mundə, mundən plus infinitive.) The imperative of maʒən serves to indicate precative statements.
The infinitive endings are -ən (-n), -iən (-yən); -ənə (-nə) and -iənə (-yənə) are the (indeclinable)
gerunds (i.e. verbal nouns, often appearing after prepositions, corresponding to English constructions such as
‘by saying..’, ‘in revealing...’ as well as the form used after til ‘for (to), in order to’, but also used after on to
form a quasi-progressive ‘in the process of...’). The present participle is -əndə (< *-ende < *-andjaz).
26
1. Strong Verbs
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
ríd, I ride
rídəƨ
rídəð
rídəð
rídə
rídə
rídə
rídən
ríd
ríd
ríd
rídəð
Past
Sg
Pl
råd
rïdən
ridə
ridən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
rídən
rídənə
rídəndə
ridən
Peculiarities:
Umlaut in 2nd, 3rd sing. pres. indic.: e>i, u>ü; other vowels unchanged.
Contraction, Gemination: see below.
Classes of Strong Verbs
Principal parts:
1. Infinitive (also vowel of pres. indic. pl. and 1st pers. sg.)
2. Pres. indic. 3rd pers. sg. (also vowel of pres. indic. 2nd pers. sg.)
3. Past indic. sg.
4. Past indic. pl.
5. Pres. subj. sg. and pl. (also vowel of imper.)
6. Past subj. sg. and pl.
7. Past Participle (passive for transitive verbs, active for intransitive verbs)
Class I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
rídən, ride
ríƨən, rise
sníwən, snow
blíkən, stand out
stíʒən, climb
wrı̋ n, overlay
sı̋ n, filter
rídəð
ríƨəð
sníwəð
blíkəð
stíʒəð
wríð1
síð2
råd
råƨ
snåw
blåk
ståʒ
wråʒ
såʒ
rïdən
rïƨən
snïwən
blïkən
stïʒən
wrïʒən
sïwən
rídə
ríƨə
sníwə
blíkə
stíʒə
wríə
síə
ridə
riƨə
sniwə
blikə
stiʒə
wriyə
siwə
ridən
riƨən
sniwən
blikən
stiʒən
wriyən
siwən
Plural wrı̋ ð (1st person sg. wrı̋ , subjunctive wríə), gerund wrı̋nə, imper. wrı̋ ʒ.
2
Plural sı̋ ð (1st person sg. sı̋ , subjunctive síə), gerund se̋nə, imper. sı̋ ʒ.
1
27
Class II
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
be̋dən, offer
bre̋wən, brew
ce̋ƨən, choose
ce̋wən, chew
brúkən, use
sme̋kən, smoke
fle̋ʒən, fly
fle̋ n, flee
te̋ n, pull
be̋dəð
bre̋wəð
ce̋ƨəð
ce̋wəð
brúkəð
sme̋kəð
fle̋ʒəð
flı̋ ð1
tı̋ ð2
bád
bráw
cáƨ
cáw
brák
smák
fláʒ
fláʒ
táʒ
budən
bruwən
cuƨən
cuwən
brukən
smukən
fluʒən
fluʒən
tuʒən
be̋də
bre̋wə
ce̋ƨə
ce̋wə
brúkə
sme̋kə
fle̋ʒə
fle̋
te̋
budə bodən
bruwə browən
cuƨə coƨən
cuwə cowən
brukə brukən
smukə smokən
fluʒə floʒən
fluʒə floʒən
tuʒə toʒən
Plural fle̋ ð (1st sg. fle̋ , subjunctive fle̋ ), gerund fle̋ nə, imper. fle̋ ʒ, pres. part. fle̋ndə. As a strong verb chiefly
literary or poetic, now usually weak class I.
2
Plural te̋ ð (1st sg. te̋ , subjunctive te̋ ), gerund te̋ nə, imper. te̋ ʒ, pres. part. te̋ndə.
1
Class III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
bindən, bind
brinnən, burn
helpən, help
yeldən, pay
fëlən, penetrate
bërʒən, keep safe
wërpən, throw
wërðən3, become
kërvən4, sculpt
cërrən, jar
spurnən, kick
fëħtən, fight
breydən, move quick
brestən, burst
þrescən, thresh
freynən, ask
bindəð
brinnəð
hilpəð1
yildəð
filəð2
birʒəð
wirpəð
wirðə
kirvəð
cirrəð
spürnəð
fiħtəð
briydəð
bristəð
þriscəð
friynəð
band
brann
halp
yald
falʒ
barʒ
warp
warð
karv
carr
sparn
fäħt
bräyd
bräst
þräsc
fräyn
bundən
brunnən
hulpən
yuldən
fulʒən
burʒən
wurpən
wurdən
kurvən
currən
spurnən
fuħtən
bruydən
brustən
þruscən
fruynən
bində
brinnə
helpə
yeldə
felʒə
berʒə
wërpə
wërðə
kërvə
cërrə
spürnə
fëħtə
breydə
brestə
þrescə
freynə
bundə
brunnə
hulpə
yuldə
fulʒə
burʒə
wurpə
wurdə
kurvə
currə
spurnə
fuħtə
bruydə
brustə
þruscə
fruynə
bundən
brunnən
holpən
yoldən
folʒən
borʒən
worpən
wordən
korvən
corrən
spurnən
foħtən
broydən
brostən
þroscən
froynən
1st sg. help, pl. helpəð.
2 st
1 sg. fël, pl. fëləð, imper. fëlʒ, pres. part. fëləndə.
3
This and fëlən are the only non-anomalous uncontracted verbs to retain variation of consonant due to Verner’s
Law.
4
Initial k- generalized from past participle (as originally in modern English carve).
1
Class IV
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
28
bërən, bear
felən2, put aside
kwëlən, be killed
snëwən, hurry
nïmən, take
strïmən, resist
kumən, come
brëkən, break6
gevən, give
birəð1
filəð
kwiləð3
sniwəð
niməð4
striməð5
küməð
brikəð
givəð
bär
fal
kwäl
snäw
nam
stram
kwam
bräk
gav
bérən
fálən
kwélən
snåwən
nómən
strómən
kwómən
brékən
gávən
berə bérə
felə fálə
kwelə kwélə
snewə snåwə
nimə nómə
strimə strómə
kümə kwómə
brekə brékə
gevə gávə
borən
folən
kwolən
snowən
numən
strumən
kumən
brokən
govən
1st sg. bër, pl. bërəð, imper. ber, pres. part. bërəndə.
2
Originally same verb as fëlən above (Gmc *felhan), but borrowed from Scandinavian with different sense. 1st
sg. fel, pl. feləð, imper. fel.
3 st
1 sg. kwël, pl. kwëləð, imper. kwel, pres. part. kwëləndə.
4 st
1 sg. nïm, pl. nïməð, imper. nim, pres. part. nïməndə.
5 st
1 sg. strïm, pl. strïməð, imper. strim, pres. part. strïməndə.
6 st
1 sg. brëk, pl. brëkəð, imper. brek, pres. part. brëkəndə.
1
Class V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
mëtən, measure
kwëðən, claim 2
trëdən, tread3
yëvən, yield4
wëʒən, weigh5
se̋ n, see
yəfe̋n, rejoice
ple̋ n, risk
biddən, ask
licgən, lie
mitəð1
kwið
tridəð
yivəð
wiʒəð
síð6
yəfíð7
plíð8
bidəð9
liyəð10
mät
kwäð
träd
yäv
wäʒ
säʒ
yəfäʒ
pläʒ
bäd
läy
métən
kwéðən
trédən
yévən
wéʒən
såwən
yəféʒən
pléʒən
bédən
léyən
metə
kweðə
tredə
yevə
weʒə
se̋
yəfe̋
ple̋
biddə
licgə
métə
kwéðə
trédə
yévə
wéʒə
såwə
yəféʒə
pléyə
bédə
léyə
metən
kweðən
tredən
yevən
weʒən
sewən
yəfeyən
pleyən
bedən
leyən
1st sg. mët, pl. mëtəð, imper. met, pres. part. mëtəndə.
1st sg. kwëð, pl. kwëðəð, imper. kweð.
3 st
1 sg. yëv, pl. yëvəð, imper. yev.
4 st
1 sg. trëd, pl. trëdəð, imper. tred.
5
1st sg. wëʒ, pl. wëʒəð, imper. weʒ.
6
Plural se̋ ð (1st person sg. se̋ , subjunctive se̋ ), gerund se̋nə, imper. sëʒ, pres. part. se̋ ndə.
7
Plural yəfe̋ð (1st person sg. yəfe̋, subjunctive yəfe̋), gerund yəfe̋nə, imper. yəfëʒ, pres. part. yəfe̋ndə.
8
Plural ple̋ ð (1st person sg. ple̋ , subjunctive ple̋ ), gerund ple̋ nə, imper. plëʒ, pres. part. ple̋ndə.
9
Plural biddəð (1st person sg. bidd, subjunctive biddə(n)), imper. bidə.
10
Plural licgəð (1st person sg. licg, subjunctive licgə(n)), imper. liyə.
1
2
Class VI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
farən, travel
färəð1
fór
fórən
färə
fórə
färən
29
standən, stand
slán, strike
lán, criticize
hebbən, lift
sweriən, swear
sceþþən, injure
hleħħən, laugh
steppən, step
waskən, wash
standəð
sléð2
léð3
hevəð4
swerəð5
sceþþ6
hléð7
stepəð8
waskəð
stód
slóʒ
lóʒ
hóv
swór
scóð
hlóʒ
stóp
wósk
stódən
slóʒən
lóʒən
hóvən
swórən
scóðən
hlóʒən
stópən
wóskən
standə
slá
lá
hebbə
sweriə
sceþþə
hleħħə
steppə
waskə
stódə
slóʒə
lóʒə
hóvə
swórə
scóðe
hlóʒə
stópə
wóskə
standən
släyən
läyən
hävən
swärən
scäðən
hla̋ n
stäpən
waskən
1st sg. far, pl. farəð, imper. fär, pres. part. farəndə.
2
Plural sláð (1st person sg. slá, subjunctive slá), gerund slánə, imper. släʒ, pres. part. slándə.
3
Plural láð (1st person sg. lá, subjunctive lá), gerund lánə, imper. läʒ, pres. part. lándə.
4 st
1 sg. hebb, pl. hebbəð, imper. hevə.
5 st
1 sg. sweri, pl. sweriəð, imper. swerə.
6 st
1 sg. sceþþ, pl. sceþþəð, imper. sceðə.
7 st
1 sg. hleħħ, pl. hleħħəð, imper. hlé.
8 st
1 sg. stepp, pl. steppəð, imper. stepə.
1
Class VII
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
håtən, command
hattən, be called
ráðən, advise
måwən, mow
þråwən, twist
wåwən, blow
bátən, beat
hlápən, leap
knódən, attribute to
blótən, sacrifice
spówən, succeed
flówən, flow
fallən, fall
haldən, keep
bannən, summon
blandən, blend
gangən, walk
fón, seize
létən, let
rédən, read
drédən, fear
slépən, sleep
wőpən, cry
håtəð
hattə
ráðəð
måwəð
þråwəð
wåwəð
bátəð
hlápəð
knódəð
blótəð
spówəð
flówəð
falləð
haldəð
bannəð
blandəð
gangəð
főð1
létəð
rédəð
drédəð
slépəð
wőpəð
hét
heħt
réð
me̋ w
þre̋ w
we̋ w
be̋ t
hle̋ p
kne̋ d
ble̋ t
spe̋ w
fle̋ w
fëll
hëld
bënn
blënd
gëng
feng
lërt
rërd
drërd
sle̋pə
we̋pə
hétən
heħtən
réðən
me̋wən
þre̋wən
we̋wən
be̋ tən
hle̋pən
kne̋dən
ble̋ tən
spe̋wən
fle̋wən
fëllən
hëldən
bënnən
blëndən
gëngən
fengən
lërtən
rërdən
drërdən
sle̋pən
we̋pən
håtə
hattə
ráðə
måwə
þråwə
wåwə
bátə
hlápə
knódə
blótə
spówə
flówə
fallə
haldə
bannə
blandə
gangə
fó
létə
rédə
drédə
slépə
wőpə
hétə
heħtə
réðə
me̋wə
þre̋wə
we̋wə
be̋ tə
hle̋pə
kne̋də
ble̋ tə
spe̋wə
fle̋wə
fëllə
hëldə
bënnə
blëndə
gëngə
fengə
lërtə
rërdə
drërdə
sle̋pə
we̋pə
håtən
hattən
ráðən
måwən
þråwən
wåwən
bátən
hlápən
knódən
blótən
spówən
flówən
fallən
haldən
bannən
blandən
gangən
fangən
létən
rédən
drédən
slépən
wópən
1
Plural fóð (1st person sg. fó), gerund fónə, imper. fóʒ, pres. part. fóndə.
30
2. Weak Verbs
Class I
A)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
hér, I hear
hérəƨ
hérəð
hérəð
hérə
hérə
hérə
hérən
hér
hér
hér
hérəð
Past
Sg
Pl
hérdə
hérdən
hérdə
hérdən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
hérən
hérənə
hérəndə
hérd
Assimilation:
Past indic. and subj.
*pd > pt
*td > tt
*ċd > ħt and often loss of umlaut in older short-stemmed verbs; > ct in newer verbs
*cd > kt
*ffd > ft
*ssd > st
*hsd > xt
*lġd > lid
*rġd > rid
*nġd > njd
*ld > ld and usually loss of umlaut in older verbs; no loss of umlaut in newer verbs
*rwd > rud
*lwd > lud
*twd > tud
B)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
fremm, I further
freməƨ
freməð
fremməð
fremmə
fremmə
fremmə
fremmən
fremə
fremə
fremə
fremməð
Past
Sg
Pl
fremədə
fremədən
fremədə
fremədən
31
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
fremmən
fremmənə
fremməndə
freməd
C)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
neri, I save
nerəƨ
nerəð
neriəð
neriə
neriə
neriə
neriən
nerə
nerə
nerə
neriəð
Past
Sg
Pl
nerədə
nerədən
nerədə
nerədən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
neriən
neriənə
neriəndə
nerd
D)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
blok, I block
blokəƨ
blokəð
blokəð
blokə
blokə
blokə
blokən
blok
blok
blok
blokəð
Past
Sg
Pl
blokt
bloktən
bloktə
bloktən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
blokən
blokənə
blokəndə
blokt
E)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
mőt, I meet
mőtəƨ
mőtəð
mőtəð
mőtə
mőtə
mőtə
mőtən
mőt
mőt
mőt
mőtəð
Past
Sg
Pl
möttə
möttən
möttə
möttən
32
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
mőtən
mőtənə
mőtəndə
mött
Contracted Verbs
A)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Past
Sg
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
wő, I crook
wőƨ
wőð
wőəð
wőə
wőə
wőə
wőən
wő
wő
wő
wőəð
wődə
wődən
wődə
wődən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
wőən
wőənə
wőəndə
wőd
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
díən, suckle
fríən, set free
fa̋ n, paint
scűən, suggest
tűən, instruct
héən, elevate
bəfe̋n, deprive of
money
scı̋ n, shy
búən, farm
díð1
fríð2
fa̋ ð3
scűð4
tűð5
héð6
bəfe̋ð7
dídə
frídə
fa̋ də
scűdə
tűdə
hédə
bəfe̋də
dídən
frídən
fa̋ dən
scűdən
tűdən
hédən
bəfe̋dən
díə
fríə
fa̋
scűə
tűə
héə
bəfe̋
dídə
frídə
fa̋ də
scűdə
tűdə
hédə
bəfe̋də
díd
fríd
fa̋ d
scűd
tűd
héd
bəfe̋d
scı̋ ð
búð8
scı̋ də
búdə
scı̋ dən
búdən
scı̋
búə
scı̋ də
búdə
scı̋ d
búd
Plural díəð (1st person sg. dí, subjunctive díə), gerund díənə.
Plural fríəð (1st person sg. frí, subjunctive fríə), gerund fríənə.
3
Plural fáð (1st person sg. fá, subjunctive fa̋ ), gerund fa̋ nə.
4
Plural scűəð (1st person sg. scű, subjunctive scűə), gerund scűnə.
5
Plural tűəð (1st person sg. tű, subjunctive tűə), gerund tűnə.
6
Plural héəð (1st person sg. hé, subjunctive héə), gerund héənə.
7
Plural bəfe̋ð (1st person sg. bəfe̋, subjunctive bəfe̋), gerund bəfe̋nə.
8
Plural búəð (1st person sg. bú, subjunctive búə), gerund búənə.
1
2
Irregular Verbs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
33
ta̋cən, instruct
ra̋cən, reach
sőcən, seek
rőcən, take care
brenjən, bring
þencən, think
þüncən, seem
würcən, make
kwellən, kill
dwellən, confuse
sellən, sell
stellən, place
tellən, recount
reccən, explain
kweccən, shake
dreccən, afflict
leccən, irrigate
streccən, stretch
þeccən, cover
weccən, wake
wreccən, arouse
läccən, catch
kaccən, capture
klüccən, clench
sticcən, stitch
bücgən, buy
lecgən, lay
settən, set
hreddən, free
sendən, send
habbən, have1
liviən, live2
säcgən, tell3
hücgən, think of4
ta̋cəð
ra̋cəð
sőcəð
rőcəð
brenjəð
þencəð
þüncəð
würcəð
kweləð
dweləð
seləð
steləð
teləð
recəð
kwecəð
drecəð
lecəð
strecəð
þecəð
wecəð
wrecəð
läcəð
kacəð
klücəð
sticəð
büyəð
leyəð
setəð
hredəð
sendəð
havəð, hað5
livəð
säyəð
hüyəð
tåħtə
råħtə
sóħtə
róħtə
bróħtə
þóħtə
þúħtə
worħtə
kwaldə
dwaldə
saldə
staldə
taldə
reħtə
kweħtə
dreħtə
leħtə
streħtə
þeħtə
weħtə
wreħtə
läħtə
kaħtə
klüħtə
stiħtə
boħtə
leydə
settə
hreddə
sendə
hävdə
livdə
säydə
hoʒdə
tåħtən
råħtən
sóħtən
róħtən
bróħtən
þóħtən
þúħtən
worħtən
kwaldən
dwaldən
saldən
staldən
taldən
reħtən
kweħtən
dreħtən
leħtən
streħtən
þeħtən
weħtən
wreħtən
läħtən
kaħtən
klüħtən
stiħtən
boħtən
leydən
settən
hreddən
sendən
hävdən
livdən
säydən
hoʒdən
ta̋cə
ra̋cə
sőcə
rőcə
brenjə
þencə
þüncə
würcə
kwellə
dwellə
sellə
stellə
tellə
reccə
kweccə
dreccə
leccə
streccə
þeccə
weccə
wreccə
läccə
kaccə
klüccə
sticcə
bücgə
lecgə
settə
hreddə
sendə
häbbə
liviə
säcgə
hücgə
tåħtə
råħtə
sóħtə
róħtə
bróħtə
þóħtə
þúħtə
worħtə
kwaldə
dwaldə
saldə
staldə
taldə
reħtə
kweħtə
dreħtə
leħtə
streħtə
þeħtə
weħtə
wreħtə
läħtə
kaħtə
klüħtə
stiħtə
boħtə
leydə
settə
hreddə
sendə
hävdə
livdə
säydə
hoʒdə
tåħt
råħt
sóħt
róħt
bróħt
þóħt
þúħt
worħt
kwald
dwald
sald
stald
tald
reħt
kweħt
dreħt
leħt
streħt
þeħt
weħt
wreħt
läħt
kaħt
klüħt
stiħt
boħt
leyd
sett
hredd
send
hävd
livd
säyd
hoʒd
Imperative sg. havə, pl. habbəð; so declined also nabbən, to not have, to have not; originally class III
Imperative sg. livə, pl. liviəð. Originally class III.
3
Imperative sg. säyə, pl. säcgəð. Originally class III.
4
Imperative sg. hüyə, pl. hücgəð. Mixture of class I and (originally) III.
5
The second form is the informal unstressed form (2nd sg. havəƨ, haƨ, 1st sg. habb)
1
2
Class II (and original III)
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
luvi, I love
luvəƨ
luvəð
luviəð
luviə
luviə
luviə
luviən
luvə
luvə
luvə
luviəð
34
Past
Sg
Past
luvədə
luvədən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
luviən
luviənə
luviəndə
luvəd
luvədə
luvədən
Contracted Verbs
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Past
Sg
Pl
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
smáy, I consider
smáƨ
smáð
smáyəð
smáyə
smáyə
smáyə
smáyən
smá
smá
smá
smáyəð
smádə
smádən
smádə
smádən
smáyən
smáyənə
smáyənd
smád
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
twı̋yən, doubt
frı̋yən, show love
fı̋yən, antagonize
blı̋yən, colour
te̋yən, appoint
ne̋yən, approach
þráyən, threaten
táyən, till
fåyən, set at variance
bóyən, flaunt
góyən, moan
scóyən, shoe
knúyən, jab
twı̋ ð
frı̋ ð
fı̋ ð
blı̋ ð
te̋ ð
ne̋ ð
þráð
táð
fåð
bóð
góð
scóð
knúð
twı̋ də
frı̋ də
fı̋ də
blı̋də
te̋ də
ne̋ də
þrádə
tádə
fådə
bódə
gódə
scódə
knúdə
twı̋ dən
frı̋ dən
fı̋ dən
blı̋dən
te̋ dən
ne̋ dən
þrádən
tádən
fådən
bódən
gódən
scódən
knúdən
twı̋yə
frı̋yə
fı̋yə
blı̋yə
te̋yə
ne̋yə
þráyə
táyə
fåyə
bóyə
góyə
scóyə
knúyə
twı̋ də
frı̋ də
fı̋ də
blı̋də
te̋ də
ne̋ də
þrádə
tádə
fådə
bódə
gódə
scódə
knúdə
twı̋ d
frı̋ d
fı̋ d
blı̋ d
te̋ d
ne̋ d
þrád
tád
fåd
bód
gód
scód
knúd
Preterite-Present Verbs
Class I
wïtən, to know
35
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
wåt, I know
wåst
wåt
wutən
witə
witə
witə
witən
witə
witə
witə
witən
Past
Sg
Pl
wistə
wistən
wistə
wistən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
wïtən
wïtənə
wïtəndə
witən
nutən, to not know
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
nåt, I don’t know
nåst
nåt
nutən
nütə
nütə
nütə
nütən
nütə
nütə
nütə
nütən
Past
Sg
Pl
nüstə
nüstən
nüstə
nüstən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
nutən
nutənə
nutəndə
nütən
åʒən, to possess
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
åʒ, I possess
åħt
åʒ
åʒən
a̋yə
a̋yə
a̋yə
a̋yən
a̋yə
a̋yə
a̋yə
a̋yən
Past
Sg
Pl
åħtə
åħtən
a̋ ħtə
a̋ ħtən
Inf.
Gerund
åʒən
åʒənə
36
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
åʒəndə
åʒən
nåʒən, to not possess
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
nåʒ, I don’t possess
nåħt
nåʒ
nåʒən
na̋yə
na̋yə
na̋yə
na̋yən
na̋yə
na̋yə
na̋yə
na̋yən
Past
Sg
Pl
nåħtə
nåħtən
na̋ħtə
na̋ħtən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
nåʒən
nåʒənə
nåʒəndə
nåʒən
Class II
duʒən, to avail
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
dáʒ, I avail
dáħt
dáʒ
duʒən
düyə
düyə
düyə
düyən
düyə
düyə
düyə
dűen
Past
Sg
Pl
doħtə
doħtən
döħtə
döħtən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
duʒən
duʒənə
duʒəndə
duʒən
Class III
unnən, to grant, “not begrudge”, indulge, wish
Present
Sg
1.
2.
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
ann, I grant
anst
ünnə
ünnə
ünnə
ünnə
37
Pl
ann
unnən
ünnə
ünnən
Past
Sg
Pl
úðə
úðən
űðə
űðən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
unnən
unnənə
unnəndə
unnən
3.
ünnə
ünnən
kunnən, to know how, understand (mental skill or aptitude)
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
kann, I know how
kanst
kann
kunnən
künnə
künnə
künnə
künnən
künnə
künnə
künnə
künnən
Past
Sg
Pl
kúðə
kúðən
kűðə
kűðən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
kunnən
kunnənə
kunnəndə
kunnən
þurvən, to need
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
þarv, I need
þarft
þarv
þurvən
þürvə
þürvə
þürvə
þürvən
þürvə
þürvə
þürvə
þürvən
Past
Sg
Pl
þorftə
þorftən
þörftə
þörftən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
þurvən
þurvənə
þurvəndə
þurvən
durrən, to dare
38
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
darr, I dare
darst
darr
durrən
dürrə
dürrə
dürrə
dürrən
dürrə
dürrə
dürrə
dürrən
Past
Sg
Pl
dorstə
dorstən
dörstə
dörstən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
durrən
durrənə
durrəndə
durrən
Class IV
sculən, to be obliged, owe; as auxiliary = have to, must, am to
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
scal, I am obliged
scalt
scal
sculən
scülə
scülə
scülə
scülən
scülə
scülə
scülə
scülən
Past
Sg
Pl
scoldə
scoldən
scöldə
scöldən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
sculən
sculənə
sculəndə
sculən
munən, to be going to, will (and so yəmunən, ənmunən, fərmunən)
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
man, I will
mant
man
munən
münə
münə
münə
münən
münə
münə
münə
münən
Past
Sg
Pl
mundə
mundən
mündə
mündən
39
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
munən
munənə
munəndə
munən
Class V (possibly)
yənuʒən, to suit (the preferences of)
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
3
Pl
3
yənäʒ
yənuʒən
yənüyə
yənüyən
yənüyə
yənüyən
Past
Sg
Pl
yənoħtə
yənoħtən
yənöħtə
yənöħtən
3
3
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
yənuʒən
yənuʒənə
yənuʒəndə
yənuʒən
bənuʒən to have enough of
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1
2
3
Pl
bənäʒ
bənäħt
bənäʒ
bənuʒən
bənüyə
bənüyə
bənüyə
bənüyən
bənüyə
bənüyə
bənüyə
bənüyən
Past
Sg
Pl
bənoħtə
bənoħtən
bənöħtə
bənöħtən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
bənuʒən
bənuʒənə
bənuʒəndə
bənuʒən
Class VI
mótən, to be allowed, may, can (neg. may not; must not in cond.)
Present
Sg
1.
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
mót, I am allowed
mótə
mótə
40
2.
3.
Pl
Past
Sg
Pl
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
móst
mót
mótən
mótə
mótə
mótən
móstə
móstən
mőstə
mőstən
mótə
mótə
mótən
mótən
mótənə
mótəndə
mótən
Class VI (possibly)
maʒən, to be able, can
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
mäy, I am able, I can
mäħt
mäy
maʒən
mäyə
mäyə
mäyə
mäyən
mäyə
mäyə
mäyə
mäyən
Past
Sg
Pl
maħtə
maħtən
mäħtə
mäħtən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
maʒən
maʒənə
maʒəndə
maʒən
Anomalous Verbs
willən, to want
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
Past
Sg
Pl
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Indicative
Subjunctive
willə, I want
wilt
wilə
willəð
willə
willə
willə
willən
woldə
woldən
wöldə
wöldən
willən
willənə
willəndə
41
Past Part.
wold
nüllən, to not want
Indicative
Present
Sg
1.
nüllə, I don’t want
2.
nült
3.
nülə
Pl
nülləð
Past
Sg
Pl
noldə
noldən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
nüllən
nüllənə
nülləndə
nold
Subjunctive
nüllə
nüllə
nüllə
nüllən
nöldə
nöldən
dón, to do, to put
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
dó, I do, put
dőst
dőð
dóð
dő
dő
dő
dőn
dő
dő
dő
dőn
Past
Sg
Pl
düdə
düdən
düdə
düdən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
dón
dónə
dóndə
dón
gån, to go
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
gå, I go
ga̋ st
ga̋ ð
gåð
ga̋
ga̋
ga̋
ga̋ n
ga̋
ga̋
ga̋
ga̋ n
Past
Sg
Pl
ı̋də
ı̋dən
ı̋də
ı̋dən
42
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
gån
gånə
gåndə
gån
wëƨən, to be = Spanish estar approx.
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
ëm, I am
arð
is
sindən
arən
sind
sí
sí
sí
sín
sín
sín
weƨ
weƨ
weƨ
wëƨəð
wëƨəð
wëƨəð
Pl
wäƨ, I was
wäst
wäƨ
wérən
wérə
wérə
wérə
wérən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
wëƨən
wëƨənə
wëƨəndə
wëƨən
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
1.
2.
3.
Past
Sg
1
2
3
noƨən, not to be = Spanish ne estar approx.
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
nëm, I am not
narð
nis
ne sindən
narən
ne sind
ne sí
ne sí
ne sí
ne sín
ne sín
ne sín
nöƨ
nöƨ
nöƨ
noƨəð
noƨəð
noƨəð
Pl
näƨ, I was not
näst
näƨ
nérən
nérə
nérə
nérə
nérən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
noƨən
noƨənə
noƨəndə
noƨən
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
1.
2.
3.
Past
Sg
1
2
3
43
bı̋ n, to be = Spanish ser approx.
Indicative
Subjunctive
Present
Sg
1.
2.
3.
Pl
bı̋ m, I am
bist
bið
bı̋ ð
bı̋
bı̋
bı̋
bı̋ n
Past
Sg
Pl
bı̋də, I used to be
bı̋dən
bı̋də
bı̋dən
Inf.
Gerund
Pres. Part.
Past Part.
bı̋ n
bı̋nə
bı̋ ndə
bı̋ n
VOCABULARY
abandon adv.
abandonən wk. I
abascən wk. I
abay
abayanzə
abaysən wk. I
abayə adv.
abbəd
abbəddóm
abbədesə
abbədhåd
abbədlást
abbədrícə
abet
abetən wk. I
ablawt
abominabl
abominázyon
abondant
abondanzə
abondən wk. I
abortiv
abrejən wk. I
abråcən wk. I
abrəkok
abstrakt adj.
under one’s control
to subject to another’s control
to abash
condition of being at bay
abeyance
to abase
at bay
abbot
abbatial jurisdiction
abbess
abbatial rank
lack of an abbot
abbey, abbacy, office of an abbot
abetment
to abet
ablaut
abominable
abomination
abundant
abundance
to abound
abortive
to abridge
to broach (a cast)
apricot
abstract
44
abstrakzyon
abstraction (abstract idea)
abátən wk .I
to put an end to, do away with
abávən wk. I
to flabbergast
abútiən wk. II
to lean forward, stick out
abűƨyon
abuse
abűƨən wk. I
to abuse
acarnən wk. I
to become greedy for flesh, to thirst for blood
acat
purchase, thing bought
acatur
the officer who purchased provisions for the royal household; a purveyor
acatən wk. I
to lay in provision of
acévən wk. I
to bring to an end
adhlað
abacus
ading
adding; summation
adiw interj.
adieu
adj.
bluish grey
adjútant
(military) adjutant
adliħt
covered with feces, waste, or sewage
adlsáð
septic cistern, septic tank
adlə
sewage
adrenalin
adrenalin
a plant (OE = feverfew)
adrəmintə
adƨə
adze
adúrən wk. I
to adore
adən wk. I
to add (esp. in arithmetic)
afayrə
(love, romantic) affair
to affect (influence)
afaytən wk. I
affodillə
daffodil
afondrən wk. I
to founder (a horse)
afrey
a disturbance or startling from sleep or quiet
afreyən wk. I
to disturb or startle from sleep or quiet
Afrika
Africa
afterwards
aftə adv.
aftən
prep., adv. following, in consequence of
aftənwerd
adj., adv. following
later, future
aftəwerd
afólən wk. I
to befool
aglət
tag of a lace
agrévən wk. I
to aggrieve, grieve (tr.)
Agustus
August
agű
ague
ajistən wk. I
to agist (see OED)
ajurnən wk. I
to adjourn
ajustən wk. I
to suggest, propose
ajüstən wk. I
to adjust
ak conj.
but
akadőmyə
academy; college (for instruction of a more advanced or professional kind
than that given at school, but unconnected with university)
akitən wk. I
to acquit
akolűtus
acolyte
45
akont
akontkwidə
akontscepə
akontscáwiən
akontscáwung
akontscáwərə
akontən wk. I
akontərə
akord
akordiən wk. II
akoyən wk. I
or bold)
akråcən wk. I
akt
aktinyum
akzyon
akålən wk. I
akúpən wk. I
akút adj.
akən str. VI
akəton
al
alabastr
alambik
alarjən wk. I
alaskiən wk. II
alb
albenc
album
ald adj.
aldbäkən adj.
alddaʒəƨ pl.
alddóm
aldfå
aldfädər
aldfı̋ nd
aldhlåvərd
aldhríð
alding
aldiən wk. II
aldküþþ
aldküþþəƨ pl.
aldland
aldlandrédən
aldlik adj.
aldmódr
aldnes
aldr
(money-) account
statement of account, balance sheet, financial statement
accounting, bookkeeping
to audit (often just scáwiən (akontəƨ))
audit
auditor (often just scáwərə)
to keep account(s) (of money, transactions)
accountant
accord
to accord? make an accord?
to soothe or coax (the alarmed or shy), to tame, silence, or daunt (the forward
to draw to oneself, catch, attract, acquire
act (of parliament; of theatre)
actinium
action (movement; activism)
to embody, comprise
to incriminate, inculpate
acute (angle), sharp (musical note)
to ache
a sort of quilted jacket
beer (fermented malt) not flavoured with hops, ‘ale’
alabaster
alembic
to grow too big (tr., intr.)
to let loose, ‘let one’s hair down’, get comfortable
alb
ale-bench
album (book)
old (opp. young)
day-old, expired (baked goods, bread)
the old days, former times
antiquity (?)
old foe
grandfather
old enemy, hereditary enemy, the devil
hereditary master
old head of cattle (i.e. cow or bull)
old man
to grow old, age
old stomping ground, old dwelling place, familiar location; old acquaintance
familiar haunts
ancestral land/land which has long been untilled
established law of landed property
characteristic of old people
grandmother
age; deterioration, depreciation of age
lifetime, lifespan, life
46
aldr2
major, overarching, etc.
aldrbalu
aldrbanə
aldrbiscəp
aldrbold
aldrburʒ (pl. -bürʒ)
aldrduʒəð
aldrdäy
aldrdı̋ vl
aldrdóm
aldrdómlik adj.
aldrdőmə
aldrfrá
aldri adj.
aldrkar
aldrkwal
aldrlang adj.
aldrlik adj.
aldrláƨ adj.
aldrlëy
aldrmann (pl. -menn)
aldrnër
aldrpersónə
aldrposl
aldrsakərd
aldrscepə
aldrstól
aldrwíƨə
aldrwïtə
aldryard
aldryədål
aldryəscäft
aldryəwald
aldryəwinnə
aldrëħt
aldrþeyn
aldrə
aldspell
aldspréc
Aldsäxə pl.
aldung
aldwrítərə
aldwärʒ
aldwív
aldwïtə
aldwürħt
aldyəfőrə
aldyəma̋ rə
patriarch of a clan, chief; in cpds. often = chief, presiding, most important,
‘life-bale’, ruin of life
‘life-killer’, harmful substance such as toxic drugs
archbishop
mansion, palace
metropolis
supremacy; ‘the supremacy’, cabinet members, the cabinet
day in the life
chief of the devils
preeminence, superiority, authority, magistracy, power
preeminent, magisterial
chief authority
a senior
chief, princely, supreme
authoritative concern
parricide (murder of one’s parents or a patriarch)
lifelong
parental
deprived of parents, orphaned
defeat of life, death
senior (in a corporation, ruling body, etc.)
that which one is dependent on for a lifetime
protagonist
chief apostle
high-priest (pagan)
seniority, headship, supremacy, sovereignty
throne
chief, ‘head guider’
prime minister, premier
‘lifetime-court’, poetic for the world
end of one’s lifetime, death
creation of a lifetime
patriarchy
lifetime adversary
ancient law
chief subordinate
parent
old news, old story
antiquated way of speaking
Old Saxons, Continental Saxons
process of growing old, aging
writer on ancient history (?)
one accursed from ancient times
old woman
senator
former craft, trade or occupation
old associate
ancient boundary
47
aldyənát
aldyəriħtə
aldyəstrı̋ n
aldyəsäyən
aldyəsíð
aldyəwinn
aldyəwinnə
aldyəwërk
aldyəwürħt
aldəð (or aldəħt, aldət?)
alegən wk. I
alejən wk. I
alert adj.
alertə
alevnə
alexandrə
aleyən wk. I
alfa
alful
alfät
algavl
algorism
algål adj.
algålnes
alhúƨ
aling
alingkunnərə
alinglik adj.
aljebra
alkalisc
alkalí
alklëvə
alkə
all adj.
allandwerd adj.
allbërħt adj.
allcirclik adj.
allegro
allergisc
allergíə
allfolklik adj.
allfël adj.
allgrédi
allgrőnə adj.
allgód adj.
allgódwebb
allgódwebbən adj.
allgüldən adj.
allhwít adj.
old land-tenant
ancient right
ancient treasure
ancient tradition (?)
old companion
ancient conflict
ancient adversary
ancient work, the world
ancient feat
dugout
to allege = plead as an excuse, adduce or urge as reason
to alleviate
alert
alert
nutrient
horse-parsley
to alloy, mix (metals)
alpha; alpha ray
nutritious; nutritive
‘ale’-vat (‘ale’ here meaning beer that has not been flavoured with hops)
tribute paid in ‘ale’
algorism
lusty with ‘ale’
drunken wantonness
alehouse
nourishment; nutrition
nutritionist
nutritive
algebra
alkaline
alkali
beer-closet, beer-cabinet (for beer not flavoured with hops)
auk
all (referring to totality)
omnipresent
resplendent
ecumenical
allegro
allergic
allergy
for everyone; exoteric
very much (indecl. with gen. of noun)
greedy for everything
all-green; young, ignorant, innocent
all-good
‘holosericus’, all-silk cloth
all-silk
all-golden
all-white, entirely white
48
allhåli adj.
allik adj.
allkald
allkräfti adj.
allkúð adj.
allmaħt
allmaħti adj.
allmiddə
allmåst adj.
allmäyn
allmürkə
allnakəd adj.
allnes
allnı̋ wə adj.
alloffrung
allrëħt adj., interj.
allrëħtə adv.
allsalv
allsilkən adj.
allspízə
allstavlik, allstavallstrïming
allswelk adj.
allswå conj.
allswé conj.
allta̋ wə
alltëlə adv.
allungə adv.
allwaldə
allwaldənd
allwaldəndə adj.
allwey adv.
allwit
allworəld
allwritən adj.
name it appears
allwundr
allwïtəndə adj.
allwïħtəƨ pl.
allyaru adj.
allyəliƨwordbók
allyəlávlik adj.
allyəma̋ nə
allån adj.
allíƨi adj.
allíƨrən adj.
allód
allþe̋ dlik adj., allþe̋ dallə adj. pl.
all-holy, most holy
total
frigid
skilled at everything
known to everyone
omnipotence
omnipotent, almighty
exact middle
almost all, nearly all
utmost effort
one entirely black
entirely naked
totality
all-new, wholly new
‘holocaust’, an offering the whole of which is burned
all right, okay
just, exactly
‘ambrosia’, an aromatic plant
entirely of silk
allspice
alphanumeric
impedance
just such
just as, even as
for all that
absolute
perfectly, beautifully, excellently; interj. perfect! beautiful! excellent!
altogether, utterly
ruler of all, supreme sovereign; God
one who rules over all, sovereign
all-ruling
in all directions, every which way
omniscience
universe
‘holograph’, written entirely in the handwriting of the person under whose
marvel
omniscient, all-knowing
all things
all ready, all prepared
encyclopedia
universally believed, catholic
general, universal
united
all-icy, very cold
entirely of iron
allodium
international
all
49
alləƨ adv.
on the whole, in all, all told, altogether; (in questions and negatives) at all
almalt
malt for brewing
almanaħ
almanac
almaryə
ambry
almoynər
almoner
alney adv.
in perpetuity, unchangingly
alowən wk. I
to sanction, approve
alr
alder (tree)
alrbark
alder-bark
alrbedd
alder bed
alrdrenk
drink made of alder sap
alrholt
alder-trees for use as timber
alrən
of an alder tree
alscerwən
beer-deprival, ale-deprival; deprival of merriment, joy, etc. (or soothing of
anxiety) that comes with beer and ale
alscop
singer at an alehouse
alselə
beerhall (where beer that has not been flavoured with hops is drunk, ‘ale’)
alsum
nutritious
alto
alto
altər
reredos
alum
alum
alumina
alumina
aluminyum
aluminum
alv
changeling
alwoƨə
ale-tippler (? wosan < *weosan, wesan = Goth. waila wisan ‘be merry’?)
beer-vessel (of beer that has not been flavoured with hops, ‘ale’)
alwa̋ yə
alwërð
nutritive value, nutrition
alwə
aloe
alyanzə
alliance
alyəwërk
brewery (for beer not flavoured with hops, ‘ale’)
alé
aisle
sanctuary (building, room), worship-place
alʒ
alʒiən wk. II
to reinforce, fortify (defenses)
alʒnes
reinforcement, fortification
outdoor worship-place, outdoor sanctuary
alʒstedə
alʒung
reinforcement, fortification (act)
alí
ally
alíən w. I
to ally
alópən wk. I
to elope
alűrə
loggia
alən str. VI
to nourish
amarant
amaranth
amatőr
amateur
amatőrisc
amateurish
amayl
enamel
amaylən wk. I
to enamel
ambassador
ambassador (of a nation)
ambiħt
ministry, attendance, waiting on, ministering to (considered as a function,
duty, or office)
50
ambiħthérə
obedient servant
ambiħthúƨ
building where an attendant served his lord, such as for outfitting him for
combat or other duties
minister
ambiħtmann (pl. -menn)
ambiħtmäcg
attendant youth
ambiħtnes
ministry, attendance, waiting on, ministering to (considered as a philosophy,
ideal, etc.)
ambiħtscalk
retainer
ambiħtsecg
squire (man attending a woman), gallant
ambiħtsmið
court smith
ambiħtþeyn
squire (young man attending a knight)
ambiħtən wk. I
to minister to, attend to (someone), wait on
ambiħtərə
attendant
amblən wk. I
to amble
amboħt
handmaid
ambr
tankard
ambages
ambájəs
amendə
reformation, correction (of criminals)
amendən wk .I
to reform, correct (criminals)
amerziən wk. II
to amerce
ameþüst
amethyst
amiral
admiral
amizə
amice
amiʒdal
almond (or amand, almand?)
aml
sacred vessel
ammónya
ammonia
amont
amount
amprə
hernia
ampér
ampere
ampələ
vial
amr
scorellus (a bird)
to mollify
ama̋ƨən wk. I
̋
ames
bishop-weed
amín
amine
amínsúrə
amino acid
amúr
illicit love; illicit love affair, intrigue
amə
a liquid measure
anprefix indicates 1) the sense of the preposition/adverb an; 2) forward
inclination; 3) attack, assault, onrush; 4) onset, inception, beginning; 5) conception; 6) perception; 7) reception;
8) presence, involvement; 9) influence, effect; 10) unanalyzable modification of meaning
an prep., adv.
on, onto, against (= German an in its primary sense of contact with a surface
(esp. vertical or inclined) or an edge, border, or point (= ‘at’); and various figurative derived senses of these);
temporal: at
anakonda
anaconda
ananas
pineapple
anarʒiən wk. II
to make cowardly
anbelʒən str. III
to take offense
anbid
delay, tarry, wait, sojourn
anbidiən wk. II
to stay put, not move, tarry
51
anbidstów
anbidung
anbirying
anbiryən wk. I
anbirħtən wk. I
anblést
anbléstən wk. I
anbod
anbrenjən wk. I
anbrennən wk. I
anbreydən str. III
anbring
anbringən str. III
anbrinnən str. III
anbrukl
anbrúkən str. II
anbrürding
anbrürdnes
anbrürdən wk. I
anbåƨniən wk. II
anbérə
anbéyən wk. I
anbërən str. IV
anbe̋ dən str. II
etc.)
anbídən
anbítən str. I
anbı̋ tiən wk. II
anbúʒən str. II
anbəlévən wk. I
ancanjing
ancanjnes
ancanjən wk. I
ancova
ancärrən wk. I
ancéying, ancéynes
ancéyən wk. I
and
andante
andbákniən wk. II
andbérə
andbïtə
andbürdnes
andbürdən wk. I
andevn
andfang
andfangl
andfangstów
andfeng
tarrying-spot
remaining in one spot
tasting, sampling
to have a taste of, sample
to shed light on (usu. fig.)
onrush, attack (like a sudden blast of air)
to rush against or into; to break in (both like a sudden blast of air)
recommendation; anbodəƨ references (for a job)
to bring on (bring something on)
to set on fire
to (begin to) move, start, start up
instigation
to put on (a show); to get going, get in motion; to instigate
to take fire
rugged
to apply (a law, regulation, force, etc.)
motivation
incentive
to stimulate to action, motivate, impel, drive
to expect, feel entitled to, take the receipt of for granted
self-restraint?
to subjugate
to carry off, plunder
to recommend (someone or something to someone, recommend for a task,
to wait on, attend upon
to have a bite of, taste of, partake of
to impend
to bow to a greater power, submit, yield to, agree with
to accredit
declension, conjugation, inflection
(an) inflection
to inflect, decline, conjugate
anchovy
to turn to, face
invocation
to invoke
conj. and
andante
to make signs to
gesture
feast of unleavened bread
resistance
to strive against, resist, oppose
quantity, amount, measure, portion
reception
receptive
place to receive (guests, customers, etc.), reception-place
receipt, receiving
52
andfengnes
andfengstów
andfenjnes
andfenjə adj.
andfenjə
andfenjənd
andfäx
andhwërvən str. III
andhád
andhővə adj.
supported (of evidence)
andi
andiən wk. II
andiəndlik
andkwidə
andkwiss
andkwëðən str. V
andkűðnes
andkűðən
andlang
andlang
andlangkempə
andlangəƨ
andlbérə
andlán
andlïvskatt
andlïvsurƨ
andlïvə
andlómə
andmittə
andrecfät
andrencən wk. I
andribb
andrinkən str. III
andriƨnlik
andriƨnə
andrunkiən wk. II
andryildə
andráʒniən wk. II
Andréaƨmessə
andréding
andrédən str. VII
andrédənlik
andsak (or andsacc?)
andsakiən wk. II
andsakə
andspell
andspurnnes
andspurnən str. III
acceptance, receiving
receptacle, spot that receives things
acceptableness
acceptable, agreeable, approved, fit, suitable
undertaker (of the dead)
collector (of taxes, revenue)
having a shaven head
to move against, make moves against
heading, unploughed headland of a field
that can be maintained (said of a position, view, opinion, argument, etc.);
grudging
to hold a grudge against
grudgingly
reply
repartee
to reply
attestation
to attest
prep. w. gen. along
adj. continuous, extended, entire (e.g. andlangnə daj/næħt all day (night) long)
soldier fighting in line
adv. along
reversed, inside-out, upside-down
retribution, retaliation
income tax
source of income
income; brukənlik andlïvə disposable income
implement, piece of equipment, tool
weight = any unit of weight
#(OE = wine or oil press)
to fill with water
ribcage? thorax? (OE = breast)
#(OE = to drink)
respected, obeyed, feared
respect, deferential fear
to gradually get drunk
in repayment, in compensation
to adsorb
St. Andrew’s day (30 Nov.)
nervousness, anxiety
to be uncomfortable in the presence of (tr.)
awful, terrible, dreadful
oath of purgation, denial, disputation
to dispute, deny, oppose, be adversarial
adversary
conjecture
a stumbling against or into
to stumble against, stumble into
53
andswar
rebuttal
andswariən wk. II
to rebut
andswarlik adj.
in rebuttal
repugnant, odious
andsétə adj.
andung
grudge-holding
andustriən wk. II
to seek to avert by prayer
andustrung
avoidance, elusion by prayer
andwerd adj.
present
andwerdiən wk. II
to present, bring before one
andwerdlik
present, actual
andwerdnes
presence; present time
andwerdtens
present tense
andwist
supplies
andwisttill
depot
andwlitful
full of airs, affected, stuck-up
andwlïtə
looks, appearance
andwråð
hostile, directing rage towards
andwrëðiən wk. II
to corroborate
andwërk
gist, purport, tenor
andwíy
resistance(-fighting)
andwíƨ adj.
expert
andwíƨmann
expert
andwíƨnes
experience, knowledge
andwürding
answering service, e.g. customer information
andwürdə
answer
to answer
andwürdən wk. I
andyet
common sense, sense (as in “that has no sense”), senses (“come to one’s
senses”), reason, understanding, intellect, wits
andyetful
wise, intelligent, sensible
andyetlik
intelligible, clear
andyetlást
fatuousness, inanity
andyetláƨ
fatuous, inane
andyétə adj.
plain, manifest, self-evident
andyëtl
sensible
andyər
andiron, fire-dog
andáw
ostentatious
andáʒəƨ
eye to eye, in plain sight
andåsən wk. I
to load the back
andə
grudge
andəting
confession, profession
andətlə
declaration, confession
andətnes
confession
andətə
one who confesses
andətən wk. I
to confess
aneriən wk. I
to plough up
anfallən str. VII
to attack (of illness, disease, or calamity)
anfangənlik
to be accepted, worthy of acceptance
anfangənnes
acceptance, reception
anfasniən wk. II
to secure in position
54
anfeng
anfestən wk. I
anfindən str. III
anforwardəm adv.
anforħt
anforħtiən wk. II
anfreynən str. III
anfräyn
anfundən adj.
anfundənlik
anfundənnes
anfäll
anfëħtən str. III
anfón str. VII
anfónd
anfőyən wk. I
ang adj.
angalnes
angalən str. VI
angalənd
angang
angangən str. VII
angard
angardi adj.
angbre̋ st
anginn
anginnən str. III
angiən wk. II
angl
Angl2
Anglfolk
Anglkünn
angltwiccə
Anglþe̋ d
angmód
angmódnes
angnes
angnäyl
angnərə
angr
angri
angripə
angriƨlik
angriƨlə
angråp
angrən wk. I
angset
angsum adj.
angsumiən wk. II
acceptance, receipt
to make fast to something, attach securely, affix
to experience
in the first line, in the fore part, in front, above all
fearful, timid
to be fearful or timid
to interpellate
interpellation
(something) experienced
experiential; empirical
experience
an attack or onset (esp. of disease or calamity)
to attack, assault, fight with
to accept (willingly)
acceptor
to fit on
anxious, nervous
recitation of a charm or spell
to recite, chant (a charm, spell, etc.)
reciter of a charm or spell
charge (e.g. of the light brigade, of a bull); outset
to start walking, leave by walking (away)
cockiness
cocky
asthma
beginning, start
to begin, start
to be anxious or nervous
fishhook
Anglen (region in Germany whence came the Angles)
people of Anglen
race originating in Anglen
worm used as bait
Anglen
troubled, disturbed, anxious, sorrowful
troubled state of mind
anxiety
corn (on the foot)
ball in the corner of the eye? or is this a tearduct?
resentment; angr yəfőlən wið to resent
resentful
attack, offensive
hideous
hideous monstrosity
a grabbing at
to make resentful, offend, hurt, injure, aggrieve
eruption, outbreak (of a skin disease or infection)
difficult, trying, perplexing
to be trying or perplexing, vex, trouble
55
angsumlik
angsumnes
angwiscə
angwiscən wk. I
angån anom.
out
angürnən
angə
anhaldən str. VII
verbal noun)
anhangiən wk. II
anhaʒiən wk. II
anhebbən wk. I
(= uphebbən)
anhendə adj.
anhendən wk. I
anherdən wk. I
anhittən wk. I
anhlïniən wk. II
anhniʒənnes
anhníʒən str. I
anhrinyəmärk, anhrinlínə
anhrinə
anhre̋ dən str. II
anhrínən str. I
anhróp
anhrópən str. VII
hearing
anhrőrən wk. I
anhwärvən wk. I
anhålʒiən wk. II
anhåt
anhåtlik adj.
anhåtən adj.
anhåtən str. VII
anhåwiən wk. II
anhäldnes
anhäldən wk. I
anha̋ tən wk. I
anhélə adj.
anhíʒiən wk. II
anhókiən wk. II
anhón str. VII
anhóxniən wk. II
anhücgən wk. I
anhüring, anhürnes
anhüriən wk. I
anhüscən wk. I
anilín
troubling, trying
perplexity, difficulty
anguish
to anguish
to charge (lunge forward in attack, etc., of troops, a bull, etc.); go forth, set
to impose, inflict
tight spot, difficult situation; (esp. financial) difficulties
to keep (peace), cause to continue, maintain; keep on (+ infinitive = English
to hang on (intr.)
to be possible or convenient; to be at leisure
to begin, start, commence (especially something difficult, or slowly); to lift up
on hand, requiring attention
to hold on
to strengthen, encourage
to hit upon
to lean on
adoration
to bow down to, worship, adore
commissure
touch, contact
to put on as decoration
to touch, just make it to, just reach
loud address; loud reproach
to address loudly, as in reproach or because the one spoken to is hard of
to move, disturb, arouse, excite
to turn on (lights, electrical or electronic equipment)
to inaugurate, induct
command, order
imperative
commanded, ordered; mandatory
to command, order
to regard as
a leaning, inclination towards
to incline against, lean
to heat, inflame
cryptic
to attack, prosecute, be aggressive towards
to hook on
to hang up (tr.)
to kick? spurn?
to envisage
following in the footsteps of, following the lead or example
to follow in the footsteps of, follow the example of, follow the lead of
to jeer at, vilify, mock
aniline
56
anjuynən wk. I
to adjoin
ankallien wk. II
to appeal to (for advice, etc.)
ankl
ankle
anklívend
adhesive
anklívən str. I
to adhere (tr.)
anklívəndə adj.
adhesive
anklíðən str. I
to get stuck on a surface
anklïpə
obstruent, occlusive
anklïviən wk. II
to adhere (intr.)
anklïviəndə adj.
sticking to, tenacious
anknåwing, anknåwnes
acknowledgment
anknåwən str. VII
to acknowledge
anknåwənd
one who acknowledges
ankna̋ wə adj.
known, recognized, identifiable
anknüssən wk. I
to shock, jolt, jar
ankr
anchor
ankrbend
cable (for an anchor)
ankriən wk. II
to anchor
ankrmann
man in charge of the anchor
ankrråp
anchor-rope, cable
ankrsetl
prow of a ship (where the anchor stays)
ankrstreng
cable
ankumən str. IV
to come onto the scene, arrive on the scene, come into play
ankunning, ankunnes
understanding, appreciation, recognition
ankunnən pret.-pres.
to come to understand, absorb, digest; appreciate, recognize
ankust
contingent cost
to conceive (a child); to formulate (an opinion, an idea); to spark (outrage,
ankëniən wk. II
rebellion, uprising); to concoct, hatch (plans, schemes, designs, ideas, etc. - but this often fərkëniən)); to
originate (a movement, drive, campaign, crusade, organization, party)
ankënung
conception (of a child); formulation (of an opinion, idea); origination
ankümə
advent
anküþþ
notoriety
ankűðdéd
publicizing of something appropriate to a particular person, tattletaling
ankűði
publicized, known
to publicize, tattletale
ankűðən wk. I
anlecgən wk. I
to lay (something) on (a surface), apply
anleyən
application (to the face, skin)
anlicgəndə adj.
contiguous, adjoining
anlán
award
anlániən wk. II
to award
anlån
grant (esp. from a superior)
anläccən wk. I
to catch on, hook on, latch on
anla̋ nən wk. I
to lease (to)
anlétən str. VII
to leave on (clothes, etc.); to let loose, let fly?
anléƨnes
absolution
anléƨən wk. I
to absolve
anléƨənd
one who absolves
anlík adj.
resembling, (somewhat) similar
anlíkiən wk. II
to resemble
57
anlíknes
anlíkð
anlı̋ n str. I
anlı̋ ħting, anlı̋ ħtnes
anlı̋ ħtən wk. I
anlı̋ ħtənd
anlókiən wk. II
anlők
anlúting
anlútən str. II
anmeldiən wk. II
anmeltən str. III
anmärrən wk. I
anma̋ lən wk. I
anmődlə
anmődən wk. I
annemnən wk. I
annïmən str. IV
(a certain expression, airs)
annümə
airs, etc.)
anod
anopniən wk. II
anopnung
anoy
anoyuƨ adj.
anoyən wk. I
anred
anrinnən str. III
anriħtən wk. I
anråd
anréƨ
anréƨən wk. I
anréƨənd
anrídən str. I
anrím
anrímlik
anrímən wk. I
anríƨən str. I
anrünə
ansakən str. VI
ansang
ansaʒ
anscendən wk. I
anscuniən wk. II
anscuniənd
anscunung
anscunədlik
anscáwiən wk. II
resemblance
likeness
to grant (esp. of a superior)
enlightenment, illumination (fig.)
to give light to, enlighten, illuminate (fig.)
enlightener
to judge (as, to be); to form an opinion of
aspect
aquiescence
to acquiesce
to report (wrongdoing, crimes, problems, etc.)
to soften (intr.)
to get in someon’s way, interfere
to speak to
self-confidence
to invigorate, animate, stimulate; to encourage, hearten
to give a name to, name
to adopt, assume, embrace (an attitude, position, belief, etc.); put on, assume
adoption, assumption (of an attitude, position, belief, etc., also an expression,
anode
to open (for business; a play, movie)
opening (for business; of a play, movie, etc.)
displeasure
noxious
to displease
name of a plant
to run against or into, attack, assault
to adjust, set, focus, tune in (TV, radio, camera, binoculars, telescope, etc.)
(ridden) raid
attack, onrush
to rush (on), attack
attacker
to ride into, run into (on a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, etc.)
number, quantity, amount
quantitative
to number (e.g. ‘they numbered in the thousands’)
to rise up (against)
running against or into, assault, attack
to contest, dispute
singing meant to soothe or heal, incantation, imprecation, lullabye
assertion
to confound
to shun, treat with avoidance or ignoring
shunner, one who shuns
shunning
to be shunned
to inspect (in the military); to scan
58
anscáwung
anscütə
ansendən wk. I
person to a posting, etc.)
ansetnes
ansett adj.
ansettən wk. I
ansittən str. V
ansleyə
anslán str. VI
anslépən str. VII
ansmirunes
ansmirwən wk. I
ansmítən str. I
ansníðən str. I
anspaning
anspanən
anspanəndə adj.
anspanənlik adj.
anspiliən wk. II
anspiliəndə adj.
anspilə
ansprék
ansprëkə
ansprëkən str. V
ansprëkənd
anspurnən str. III
anstall
anstallfín
anstallhúƨ
anstalliən wk. II
anstallsäl
anstandən str. VI
anstandəndə adj.
anstellən wk. I
ansteppən wk. I
ansting
anstrı̋ nən wk. I
anstål
anstäl
ansta̋ lən wk. I
anstépən wk. I
anstëkən str. V
anstíʒən str. I
anstı̋ ring
anstı̋ rən wk. I
anstüriən wk. I
ansund
ansundnes
(military) inspection; scanning
a shooting at, onslaught of arrows or missiles
to send forth, discharge, emit; to dispatch, discharge, transmit, transfer (a
annex; appendage; affix
annexed, appendant
to annex, append; affix (to a word)
to occupy, seat oneself in
attempt on a peron’s life
to make an attempt on a person’s life
to go to sleep
spread (butter, peanut butter, nutella, jam, margarine, etc.)
to spread, smear on (butter, etc.)
to smear on, apply (makeup, etc.)
to make an incision, cut against or into (a surface)
influence
to influence
influential
easily influenced
to allude to
allusive
allusion
imputation, charge, claim
claimant
to speak against someone, accuse, impute, make a claim against
claimant; accuser, plaintiff
to stumble
stock, provision, supply
stockpile
warehouse
to stock (goods, wares, supplies)
stock room
to be persistent, press
urgent, persistent
to mount (on a wall), place on or against
to step against, stub (the toe, e.g.)
right of intervention
to accumulate (esp. possessions, money, capital)
charge, blame
position (esp. in order)
to blame
to raise against, erect so as to lean against
to affix
to mount (tr. and intr.)
governing body, governing party
to govern
to move, rouse, disturb, stir, agitate, excite
solid
solidity
59
answebbən wk. I
answívən str. I
answíðlik adj.
answőyən wk. I
ansäcgən wk. I
ansa̋ yə adj.
ansa̋ yən wk. I
ansén
ansétnes, ansétnung
anse̋ n str. V
ansíʒən str. I
ansókn
ansőkən wk. I
ansőðing
ansőðən wk. I
ansümblnes
antak
enterprise
antakən str. VI
antal
antarktik
antarktisc adj.
Antartikyëvn
antendnes
antendən wk. I
antendəndə adj.
antifon
antimbr
antimbrən wk. I
antimónyə
antiyə
Antiħrist
antrı̋ wən wk. I
antrə
ante̋ n str. II
ante̋ nlik adj.
ante̋ nə
antüyə
antüħting
antüħtən wk. I
antəvn
antəvnərə
anung
anviltə
anwadən str. VI
anwakən str. VI
anwald
anwaldi
anwaldiən wk. II
to put to sleep in death, bury
to lurch?
overpowering, overwhelming
to sound forth
to assert
condescending
to prostrate, lay low (tr.)
looks, aspect, mien, outward appearance or form
fixture, as of a light
to take a look (at)
to impend; to assail (esp. in words), come down on (esp. in words)
offense = attacking, assailing (party)
to attack
corroboration
to confirm, corroborate
celebration (of mass)
assumption (of responsibility, command, etc.); (new) undertaking, (new)
assume (e.g. responsibility, command); undertake, begin, commence
claim at law
Antarctic
antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
incitement, fuel
to set on fire
incendiary, inflammatory
antiphon
material
to cultivate, civilize
antimony
complaint, accusation
Antichrist
to put (someone) in one’s trust; to entrust (someone acc. with something gen.)
radish
to pull on, pull at, draw, attract, draw on
offensive (comment, etc.)
offense, affront
attractive pull, a pulling on or at, draw
aim, intent(ion), attention, application, focus (on a matter)
to train (ones’ gaze, a gun, binoculars), aim; to be intent on, be focused on
anthem
book of anthems
drive, energy, zeal
anvil
to encroach, intrude; wadən an to encroach on
to arise, come up (in figurative senses)
regime
in power (esp. temporarily)
to gain or hold power (esp. temporarily)
60
anwaldnes
anwaldə
anwalkən str. VII
anwallən str. VII
anwalʒ
anwalʒnes
anwariən wk. II
anwaxən str. VI
anweccən wk. I
anwedd
anwendlik
anwendnes
anwendən wk. I
anwerd adj.
surface?)
anwey
anwillə adj.
anwinnən str. III
anwircən wk. I
anwirking
anwirkən wk. I
anwirkəndə adj.
anwissiən wk. II
anwissung
anwritənnes
anwrítbådə
anwrítən str. I
anwuniən wk. II
anwunung
anwäknes
anwäknən wk. I
anwällən wk. I
anwälwən wk. I
anwästm
anwa̋ kən wk. I
anwërpnes
anwërpən str. III
anwíkən str. I
anwürdi adj.
anyeldən str. III
anyëtən str. V
anyəscådən str. VII
anäðələ adj.
ana̋ lən wk. I
ana̋ lənd
anélən wk. I
anéwing
anéwən wk. I
anís
coup
person in power (esp. at a certain time)
to ride (waves), float on
to start to boil, seethe, rage, toss, etc.
“untouched”, virginal; pristine, unsullied, unspoiled; uncorrupted
pristine, unsullied, uncorrupted, or virginal nature
to guard oneself against
to accrete
to awaken (tr.)
security, pledge
changeable (in fortunes, faring)
change, turn (in fortunes, predicament, etc.)
to take a turn (for the better or for the worse), have a turn in fortunes
inclined upward (or: leaning against, supported by or against a vertical
entrance (onto a highway)
wished for, agreeable, welcome
to attack (a problem), take on (a burden, responsibility, opponent)
to activate
effect (on something)
to have an effect (on), be effective (against)
effective
to hint
hint
subscription
subscription fee
to subscribe (fër to, e.g. a magazine)
to set up in a place, lodge, stay
lodging, stay, setting-up in a place
realization, awareness
to wake up to, realize, become aware
to stir up, fig. to bring to the surface (feelings, emotions, etc.)
to roll along (tr.)
accretion
to weaken, shake (a resolution, resolve); to mollify, soften, subdue
onpouring (of guilt, acrimony, etc.)
to throw on; to begin the web (in weaving)
to back down, relent
known, acknowledged, confessed, admitted
to recompense, remunerate
to get the idea, get the impression (that); get an impression of
to regard as, deem
natural (to, dat.)
to ignite
one who ignites (OE = ‘incensor’)#
to become out of breath, lose one’s breath
symptom
to display symptoms of
anise
61
anþalop
anþencən wk. I
anþenklik adj.
anþenkən wk. I
anþicgən str. V
anþrakiən wk. II
anþrakung
anþringən str. III
anþráyung
anþráyən
anþräcə
anþrëkən str. V
anþrűstən wk. I
anþrűstəndə adj.
anþuniən wk. II
anþwán str. VI
anþwäyənnes
anþélyon
anþëniən wk. II
anþëwiən wk. II
anþı̋ dən wk. I
anþı̋ n str. I
anűðiən wk. II
anə
anəting
anətən wk. I
anəwürm
apart adv.
apartáʒə
apartéyə
apayƨən wk. I
apayən wk. I
apendən wk. I
apert adj.
apeynən wk. I
aplíən wk. I
Apokalüps
Apokrüfa
aposl
aposlhåd
aposllik
apostatə
Aprilis
aprotanə
apråcən wk. I
aprővən wk. I
apálən wk. I
apåƨən wk. I
apə
antelope
to hold to be
conceivable
to conceive of (in the mind)
to take part in
to be imposing
imposing posture or stance
to press on or forward, press forth
(verbal) intimidation
to intimidate, especially verbally
formidable, frightful
to domineer
to obtrude
obtrusive
to exceed bounds
to wash the surface of, wipe clean
state of being wiped clean
anthelion
to stretch forth, extend
to serve on, attend
to affiliate (to, with); pret. anþïdd affiliated
to be fruitful?
to become rough (of the sea)
spindle-tree
forestalling, obviation
to forestall, obviate
intestinal worm
apart, in opposite directions
divergent strabismus
having divergent strabismus
to settle (an argument)
to drop one’s argument against, withdraw from argument or dispute
to belong (to, dat.)
unreserved, unhesitant, unreticent, outspoken, frank, direct
to put oneself to trouble, exert oneself, try with all one’s might
to implement
Apocalypse
Apocrypha
apostle
apostleship
apostolic
apostate
April
southernwood/wormwood
to come close to, approach (in fig. senses)
to make valid, validate, authorize, approve, certify, accredit, sanction
to appall
to confront with objections or hard questions, cross-question
monkey, ape
62
apəldr
apple-tree
apəldrbark
bark of apple-tree
apəldrtún
apple-orchard
Arab
Arab
arabesk
arabesque
Arabisc
Arabian
Arabyə
Arabia
araynən wk. I
to arraign
araysonən wk. I
to call to account
arblast
arbalest
arbr
arbor (of a lathe)
arcbiscəp
archbishop
arcbiscəpdóm, arcdóm
domain (area of influence) of an archbishop
arcbiscəphåd, archåd
post of archbishop
arcbiscəprícə , arcrícə
archbishopric
archiepiscopal see
arcbiscəpstól, arcstól
arcdíakon
archdeacon
arcdücesə
archduchess
arcdűk
archduke
arcə
archiepiscopal pallium
artichoke
arcəkokk
ardaʒ
quantity of land that can be ploughed in a day, a measure of land area
ardent adj.
ardent
arey
array; (verb-, noun-) paradigm
areymən wk. I
to set at large
to array
areyən wk .I
argentillə
argentilla (plant)
argon
argon
argot
ergot
argoyl
argol
ark
ark
arktik
Arctic
Arktikyëvn
Arctic Ocean
arktisc adj.
arctic
earnest-money, an instalment of money; foretaste (of something afterwards to
arləƨ
be received in abundance)
arm
arm
arm adj.
poor (in non-monetary senses), unfortunate, pitiable
armbáʒ (open), armhring (closed) bracelet
armcari adj.
frugal, parsimonious
armful adj.
pitiable, pathetic
armhrád
arm-adornment
armhërt adj.
compassionate
armhërtnes
compassion
arming
pitiable person, poor soul
armiən wk. II
to pity
armlik adj.
pitiful, pathetic (attempt), lousy
armrest
armrest
armscankə
foreleg
63
armscapən adj.
armslévə
armstokk
armstrang adj.
armswíð adj.
armung
armyärlə
armð
armé
arn
arniən wk. II
aromat
arr
arsenik
art
artful adj.
artháʒskól
artikl
artistə
artknåwərə
artkräft
artlik adj.
artláƨ adj.
artmestyər
artscepə
artselə, arthúƨ
artsümbl
artwërk
arvl
arw adj.
arwfar
arwung adj.
arwungə adv.
arwə
arzon
arácən wk. I
arð vb.
arðr
arérə
arʒ adj.
arʒiən wk. II
arʒlik adj.
arʒnes
arʒscepə
arívən wk. I
arútən wk. I
arəd adj.
arədlik
arədnes
‘poorly created’, disadvantaged, unfortunate
sleeve
#(OE = sleeve)
strong of arm, muscular
having powerful arms, very muscular
pity
arm-accessory
misfortune, poverty, disadvantage
army, Army
earnings
to earn
aromatic essence or oil; flavouring
scar, cicatrix
arsenic
art (painting, sculpture, music, literature)
artistic (person)
academy of art
article (of grammar)
artist (in painting, sculpture, music)
connoisseur
artistry (artistic ability)
artistic (objects)
inartistic
artistry (occupation of an artist)
artistry (artistic characteristics)
art gallery
arts festival
work of art
funeral feast
quick-growing
flight of arrows
without cause, without justification, gratuitous
without cause, without justification, gratuitously
arrow
saddlebow
to uproot (esp. fig., change residence)
2nd sg. pres. indic. of wëƨən: (thou) art
small plough, makeshift plough
arrear (ovrdue debt)
cowardly, cowardly hesitant, cowardly reluctant
to be cowardly, be reluctant or hesitant
shameful, vile, base
cowardice
cowardliness
to wash ashore
to send away
pert
sassy, saucy
pertness
64
arədscepə
energy, vivacity, verve
asay
attempt
asayən wk. I
to attempt
asendant adj.
ascendant (of astronomy, astrology)
asendant
ascendant (of astrology)
asensyon
(astronomical) ascension
asenyən wk. I
to assign
aseð
reparation, compensation, amends (esp. monetary)
asfalt
asphalt mixed with sand or gravel for paving, roofing, cementing, etc.
asfodel
asphodel
as though, as if
askanzə adv.
askbäkən
baked on ashes
askfalu
ashy-hued
askgréy
ash-gray
askyəswa̋ pə
sweepings of ashes or cinders
askét
an ascetic
askétisc
ascetic
askə
ash(es)
asottiən wk. II
to infatuate
aspid
asp
aspr
rough (fig., of circumstances, treatment, etc.)
jackass
assə
assən
she-ass
asteryon
asterion
astrolabyə
astrolabe
to assuage
aswájən wk. I
Asya
Asia
Asyánisc
Asian
aséjən wk. I
to launch a siege
asíƨə
trial by jury
atayndr
attainder
to subject to attainder
ataynən wk. I
atemprən wk. I
to modify the temperature of, make (air, etc.) warmer or cooler
atemprənd
air conditioner
to attend, listen
atendən wk. I
atl
hideous, disfigured, deformed
Atlantisc
Atlantic
Atlantyëvn
Atlantic Ocean
atlhı̋ wiən wk. II
to deform, disfigure, make hideous
atliən wk. II
to disfigure
atllik
horrendous
atom
atom
atomlik
atomic
atoniən wk. II
to attune (to)
atrəm
black shoe polish
atámən wk. I
to poke a hole into to let out some liquid; to pour or drain off excess liquid
from
av, avprep., adv., prefix: off, off of, indicating detachment, disembarkment, fall
from, removal, distance, separation
65
avantájə
avanzən wk. I
avblı̋ yən wk. II
avbátən str. VII
avbéyən wk. I
avbúʒən str. II
avcápiən wk. II
avdrinkən str. III
avdrúʒiən wk. I
avdwëlə
avdón
avdőmən wk. I
aventaylə
aventűrsum adj.
aventűrə
avenzə
avfallən str. VII
avfle̋ʒən str. II
avflüyə
avfrettən wk. I
avfäll
avfällən wk. I
avfőstrə
avfüllə
avfülyən wk. I
avgnid
avgnídən str. I
avgravən str. VI
avgrävənnes
avgrővə
avgån anom.
avgütə
avhabbən wk. I
avhakkiən wk. II
avhaldən str. VII
avhang
avhangiəndə adj.
avhaʒiən wk. II
avhendə adj.
avhwärvən wk. I
avháwən str. VII
avkastən wk. I
avklåƨən wk. I
avkërvən str. III
avköyrən wk. I
avkümə
avkürv
avkűðən wk. I
avl
headstart (and fig.), advantage
to advance (esp. militarily)
to discolour, make off-coloured, make dingy
to beat to death, kill
to deflect
to swerve, deviate
to bargain off
to quench (thirst)
to dry off
a going astray, wandering
to take off (clothing, jewelry, etc.), doff
to take away from someone by judicial decision
movable front of a helmet
adventurous
adventure
the plant avens geum, ‘avencia’
to fall off
to fly off, fly away
takeoff (of an aircraft)
to erode (by corrosion)
offal
to strike down
nurse not living in the house
surfeit, glut, excess
to stray from someone, wander, cheat, be unfaithful to
erasure
to rub off, erase, efface
to erode (esp. geological erosion)
detritus
sheriff
to start from, begin
secretion
to hold off
to hack off
to keep off
dependence
dependent
to be incovenient
absent, missing
to turn off (lights, electrical or electronic equipment)
to chop off
to cast off
to cut off (in figurative senses, e.g. in speech), cut out (e.g. of an inheritance)
to cut off (from a sculpture, from a carcass or roast)
to drive off (in a vehicle)
result, development, outcome; the product of multiplication
something cut off; apocope
to abdicate
might
66
avlang
avlecgən wk. I
avlåd
avlåst
avlétən str. VII
avlíkiən wk. II
avlúkən str. II
avlən wk. I
avmeldiən wk. II
avnïmən str. IV
avr
avrím
avrímtikət
avscakən str. VI
avscift
avscådən str. VII
avscërən str. IV
avsce̋ tən str. II
avscürtən wk. I
avsettən wk. I
avsküppən wk. I
avslán str. VI
avsnid
avsníðən str. I
avsprék
avsprüng
avstandən str. VI
avsteppən wk. I
avstiyə
avstíʒən str. I
avsweriən str. VI
avswíkən str. I
avse̋ðən str. III
avsüdə
avtakən str. VI
avtal
avte̋ n str. II
avtüyə
avuk adj.
avunnən pret.-pres.
avvérən wk. I
avwendən wk. I
avwennən wk. I
avweriən wk. I
avwey
avwrit
avwrïʒiən wk. II
avwërpən str. III
oblong
to lay down, off, or aside; discard; give up, drop (a habit)
detour (in another direction)
side-pursuit
to let off; to let go, lay aside, leave behind
to be incompatible with
to shut off, turn off
to manage (to), be (just) able (to); to win, make (money, income), earn
to resign
to subtract
draught-horse
discount (reduction in price)
coupon (for discount)
to shake off, move so as to cause to fall off
variant
to separate from the main group, splinter off
to cut off, clip off, shear off (hair)
to shoot down, hit, kill
to curtail, cut short
to set down, set aside, put down
to ricochet
to smite off
amputation
to cut off
circumlocution
offspring, progeny
to stand off, stand away
to step off
dismount(ing)
to dismount, step off, disembark, climb off
to abjure, deny on oath
to desert
to boil off
decoction
to let go of
verdict against a claim
to pull off
a pulling off
inappropriate, improper, unseemly, untoward
to begrudge
to veer off, veer away
to turn aside, turn away
to come off (drugs, smoking, addictions)
to deflect, repulse
exit (from a highway)
summary, epitome, abstract, compendium, digest
to digress
to throw off
67
avwërðən str. III
accident)
avwídð
avyeldən str. III
avyëvən str. V
avye̋ tən str. II
avzentrisc
aválən wk. I
discredit, make obsolete
avíƨ
avíƨən wk. I
avőħtən wk. I
avþünkən wk. I
avúcən wk .I
avúən wk. I
avərə
avəð
awbl
awburn adj.
awdit
awditur
awdyenzə
awfin
awl
awməryə
awniən wk. I
awra
awróra
Awstralya
awtur
awvent
aydə
aydən wk. I
aygr adj.
aygretə
aygrən wk. I
aymant
aymantbrücg
aymantisc
aymantron
aymən wk. I
ayni adj.
aynstaynyum
aynə
ayr
ayryə
ayðr
ayƨi adj.
ayƨə
to come off, come away (in such-and-such a condition, after an event or
astron. amplitude
to pay off (someone acc., a debt dat.)
to give up, resign, leave, quit, desert
to secrete
eccentric (in geometric sense)
to bring down, topple, demolish, tear down; defeat, humble, weaken;
idea, suggestion
to come up with
to persecute away
to fall below standard, disappoint
to appeal to, cite, or allege, as warrant, authority, or testimony
to avow
descendant
endurance
abele, white poplar
blond(e)
audit
auditor
audience
bishop at chess
grapnel
safe (for keeping valuables, money, provisions, etc.)
to look (a certain way, look good, look bad, look clean, etc.)
aura (electrical, pathological)
aurora, northern lights, southern lights
Australia
author
awning
aid
to aid
hot (to the taste), pungent
egret
to spur to do something
magnet
armature of a magnet
magnetic
magnetron
to gauge, estimate, guess
first-born, eldest
einsteinium
glume
air, aura, demeanour
aerie
eider-duck
at ease, comfortable
ease, comfort; a comfort, convenience
68
ayəl
predecessor; precursor
azimút
azimuth
azetát
acetate
azetón
acetone
aðamans
adamant (n.)
aðl
profit
aðllik
for profit, profitmaking
aðlən wk. I
to profit, reap the rewards
aʒ
magpie
aʒful
full of awe
aʒiən wk. II
to awe, put in awe
aʒlik
awesome
aʒlåk
monstrosity
aʒla̋ cə
monster
aʒn
awn
awe
aʒə
aħates
agate
aħt
esteem
aħtfald adj.
eightfold ()
aħtfót
octopus
octagon
aħthürnə
aħtiən wk. II
to estimate (value, measurements); to esteem (persons)
aħtlegg
arachnid
aħtneħtə adj.
eight days old
aħtsídnes
octahedron
eighty
aħtti adj.
aħttiʒəðə adj.
eightieth
aħtténwintrə adj.
of eighteen years old
aħtténə adj.
eighteen
aħtte̋ðə adj.
eighteenth
estimation
aħtung
aħtwintrə adj.
of eight years old
aħtə adj.
eight
aħtərə
one who estimates, appraiser, censor
eighth
aħtəðə adj.
aƨbest
asbestos
aƨur
lapis lazuli; its colour, azure
babi
baby
bablən wk. I
to babble
babuyn
baboon
baccə
batch
bacg
badge
bacə
gully, ravine, vale of a stream or rivulet
bacələr
undergraduate, bachelor (of arts, sciences, etc. -- academic rank)
badminton
badminton
baflən wk.I
to baffle
baftən adv., prep.
prep., adv.: after, following, later than, subsequent to ; from baftən a
posteriori; (temporal) after, in: ic kum baftən am wïkən I’ll come in a week, in a week’s time
baggə
bag
69
baggən wk. I
seeing)
bakkə
bakscoppə
bakə
bakən str. VI
bakərn
bakərə
bakəstrə
bal
baladə
balanzkwidə
balanzə
balanzən wk. I
balata
balays
bald adj.
baldiən wk. II
baldr
baldscepə
baldwürdi
baldə
balk
balkon
balkə
serving as a boundary
balkətən wk. I
ball
ballast
ballon
ballottə
ballpennə
balluk
ballwërp
ballwïħt
balsam
balsmintə
balsmőðə
baltrən wk. I
balu
balubend
balubenn
balublandən
baludéd
baluful
balufúƨ
baluhücgəndə adj.
baluhüydi
baluklamm
to look away, squint (because something is too bright or similarly hard to bear
ridge
bakeshop, bakery (place where baked goods are sold)
barking
to bake
bakery, bakehouse (place where baked goods are baked)
baker
female baker
ball (social dance)
ballad
balance sheet, statement of account, financial statement
(financial) balance
to balance (financially)
balata (tree); balatasäp balata (gum)
balas
brave
to be brave
pioneer
bravery
brave of speech
bravely, confidently, without hesitation, immediately
tie-beam
balcony
strip of land left unploughed, intentionally or unintentionally, sometimes
to splutter, bring up, bubble up (often used of natural phenomena)
globe; globular body; globule; round lump, ball
ballast
balloon
ballot
ballpoint pen
little ball, globule; also alternate word for testicle
shotput, shot put
coccus
balsam
spearmint/watermint
bergamot
to dance clumsily
‘bale’, evil, ill, harm, ruin, destruction, peril
pernicious bond
mortal wound
pernicious
destructive deed
destructive (person), wicked, cruel, malicious
bound to be destructive
imagining bale, imagining destruction or evil
destructive-minded
oppressive grip
70
balukräft
balukwalm
balustr
balwi adj.
balé
balénə
balʒ adj.
bambú
band
connection (mostly in fig. sense)
bandit
bandon
bandulyər
bandájə
bandə
bandərólə
bangár
bangən wk. I
banjo
bank
banklån
bankoðə
bankrott adj.
bankrottscepə
bankrottur
bankrán
bankyər
bankə
bankərə
bankət
bannuk
bannən str. VII
bannənd
bantam
bantr
bantrən wk. I
banwërk
banyərə
banə
barakə
barattə
barattən wk. I
barattənd
barayn adj.
barbakan
barbakó
barbar
barbarisc adj.
and Greeks
wicked art, black magic
baleful death
banister
‘baleful’, destructive, deadly, pernicious, harmful, ruinous, wicked, perilous
ballet
baleen
bloated
bamboo
band, binding (= string or fibre used to bind e.g. books, bundles); tie,
bandit
discretion, call (“it’s your call”); disposal (in “at one’s disposal”)
bandolier
bandage
band = musical group
banderole
murdering spearhead
to bang, strike noisily, thump noisily
banjo
bank (for money)
bank loan
fatal contagion
bankrupt
bankruptcy
bankrupt person
bank robbery
a covering, generally of tapestry, for a bench or chair
(sand-, cloud-) bank
banker
banquet
bun
to summon
summoning
bantam
ridicule, making fun of a person
to make fun of
homicide, manslaughter
(commercial, etc.) banner
killer, slayer, murderer (and fig. bane, cause of death)
barracks
bullying
to bully
bully
fruitless, unprofitable; waste, useless; futile
barbican
barbecue (in original sense)
barbarian (n.), as used by Romans and Greeks of the barbarian tribes
barbarian (adj.), referring to the barbarian tribes with respect to the Romans
71
barbur
barber
barburparlur
barbershop
barbə
barb
bard
bard
bardə
beaked ship
bardə2
a protective covering for the breast and flanks of a war-horse, made of metal
plates, or of leather set with metal spikes or bosses, but sometimes merely ornamental, and made of velvet or
other rich stuff
bargaynə
bargain (good price)
bargaynən wk. I
to negotiate the price, haggle
baril
barrel
bariən wk. II
to lay bare, uncover
barjə
barge
bark
bark
barkiən wk. II
to bark (leather); become covered with a bark
barkklivr
nuthatch/woodpecker
barm
bosom
barmham
brassiere, bra
barmklåð, barmhräyl
apron
barmə
verge
barn
child
child support
barnfultəm
barnhåm
day nursery
barnkënijə
mother
barnluvə
affection for a child
barnlást
childlessness
childless
barnláƨ adj.
barnmürðrə
murderer of a child
barnmürðrən
murderess of a child
barnsälð
orphanage
barntám
procreation of children
barnward
babysitter (of non-infants)
barnwäyn
baby carriage, pram, perambulator (esp. for non-infants)
barnyəbürd
child parentage
one’s children, all the children of a family
barnyəstrı̋ n
barnákən
pregnant
barok adj.
baroque; barokstíl baroque (style)
baron
baron
barras
a barrier or outwork in front of a fortress
barrijə
#(OE = ‘braugina’, ‘baruina’)
barrə
barrier, bar
barrən wk. I
to bar (from)
barsünnyə
notorious sinner, publican
baru
trees acting as a boundary of land, as a windbreak, or as shade
baruness
tree-lined spit of land
barð
barque
basalt
basalt
bascən wk .I
to destroy the confidence or self-possession of
basilisk
basilisk
72
baskən wk. I
baskət
bass adj.
basso adj.
bassogitar
bastard
non-literal sense)
bastilə
baston
bastyon
basón
bataylscip
bataylə
batiən wk. II
batl
batnən wk. I
batrən wk. I
batt
batűrə
batəryə
bawbl
bawd adj.
bawdə
bawdəryə
bawmə
bawmən wk. I
bawzan adj.
of horses)
bay adj.
bay
bayl
bayl2
or fortress)
bayli
stronghold, citadel, or fortress)
baylən wk. I
bayonet
bayƨ
bayə
(variety of myrtle)
bazinet
baðiən wk. II
baʒl
baƨing
baƨu adj.
baƨuháwən
baƨwiən wk. II
baƨən wk. I
to bask
basket
base (adj.)
bass
bass guitar
term of contempt, hatred, or resentment for a man (like English bastard in its
bastille
a policeman’s billy, truncheon
bastion
bassoon
battleship
battle
to get better, recover, heal
nourishing, nutritious (to sheep and cattle)
to grow fat (of animals), improve in bodily condition by feeding
to batter
bat (club, cudgel)
metal or article of metal wrought by hammering
(electric) battery
bauble
bawdy
bawd
bawdiness
balm
to embalm
having a white patch on the forehead or a white stripe down the face (chiefly
bay (colour); auburn
bay (of an aircraft, ship, or spacecraft, eg. cargo bay, bomb bay, sick bay)
bail (to get out of jail)
one of the walls or fortifications encircling a castle, fort, stronghold, citadel,
bailey (one of the courts between the walls or fortifications of a castle, fort,
to bail (someone) out of jail
bayonet
baize
bay (tree) - but probably rosebay (rhododendron or oleander) or bayberry
basinet
to bathe (intr.)
bishop’s crosier
cloak
purple
bluish purple
to stain pruple
to baste (flog, bruise, punish corporally)
73
be, bə prep.
by (indicating: means, method, way; agent; viewpoint, judgment, estimation),
by way of, via; (temporal) during, by (day, night, etc.); (circumstances) by, during, under; etc.
becə
stream (brook)
bedd
bed
beddbolstr
bolster, pillow
beddbér
portable bed
beddbúr
bedchamber
beddfelt
felt bed-covering
bedding
bedding
beddiən wk. II
to provide with a bed
beddklåð
? bedcloth, bed-covering
beddklëvə
bed-chamber
beddkovə
bedroom
beddling
effeminate or womanish man
beddrest
bedrest
beddridə
bedridden
beddsträw
straw for bedding
beddstów
place where the bed lies
beddtíd
bedtime
beddwåʒrift
curtain over the bed
cohabitation, sharing a bed
beddyəmånə
beddyərid
#(OE = food in an ant’s nest)
beddþeyn
chamber-servant, chamberlain
bedríp, bőnríp
compulsory service rendered to a landowner at harvest-time
bedəkiən wk. II
to beg, importune, beseech, entreat
to beg
beggən wk. I
beggərə
beggar
bekk
creek
bekkə
beck (implement)
bekkən wk. I
to make a slight acknowledging gesture, nod, bow slightly, curtsy slightly, in
recognition of someone’s presence, etc.
spectre, ghost
beklə
bekən wk. I
to peck at (food), nibble
belkən wk. I
to burp
bell-wether’s fleece
bellflı̋ ƨ
bellhrinj
bell-ringing
bellhúƨ
bellhouse, belfry
belltåkn
indication of the hour by a bell
belltíd
a canonical hour indicated by the ringing of a bell
bellə
bell
bellən str. III
to roar, bark, bellow, make a loud sound (usu. of animals)
belt
belt
belʒən str. III
to be angry, offended, or irritated
benc
bench
benciən wk. II
to make benches
bencsittənd
one who sits on a bench
bencswőy
the sound of revelry at benches in a hall etc.
bencþël
wainscotted place where benches stand
bend
bond
74
bendl
little band or scarf, ribbon, fillet
bendə
band (= strip used for binding, or a strip used at the collar, wrist, cuffs, waist,
as part of a hat or cap, etc.; a stripe or layer of a certain colour or consistency, etc.)
to draw tight, make taut, tensen (= German spannen); to flex (muscles)
bendən wk. I
benefizə
benefice
beneyƨon
benison
benk
counter (of a bank, of a kitchen)
benn
wound
benngat
gash
benniən wk. II
to wound
bennə
cattail
bent
grounds
benzlfäll
anticlimax, bathos, empty feeling after tension
benzlə
tension
benƨín
benzene
barberry
berberyə
berbrüttə
barnkeeper
berbőnə
verbena
berbən wk. I
to barb
berflór
barn-floor, threshing-floor
berfreyð
a wooden tower, usually movable, used in besieging fortifications
bergamot
bergamot
bergavl
rent paid in barley
bergräƨ
barley-grass, fodder
berhalm
barley-haulm, straw
berhul
barley-husk
granary
berhúƨ
beridrenk
drink made of berry juice
beriən wk. I
to make bare, clear (e.g. a shelf, a room)
beriən2 wk. I
to pommel
berkorn
barley-corn
berkroft
barley-field
berland
barley-land
berm
berm
bern
silo
bernak
barnacle (apparatus to quiet a horse)
berngréd, bernhéy
silage
berntə
barnacle
berserk
berserk(er)
berséd
barley-seed
bertún
threshing-floor, threshing-hut
berwində
bearbind, navel-wort
berwästm
barley-crop
berwík
demesne farm
beryə
berry
berzl
archer’s butt
berzwel
a disposition of fighting-men in a triangular phalanx with the apex towards
the enemy
berð
berth
75
berüll
beryl
berə
barley
berən adj.
of barley
bet adv.
to boot
bet
bet
betborən
of higher birth
betlik
grand, excellent
betonikə
betony
betriən wk. II
to improve
betrə
better (adv. betər)
betüħtən wk. I
to dress appropriately (tr., intr.)
betən wk. I
to bet
bevi
bevy (company of women, esp. young women)
bevl
bevel
beyn adj.
candid, frank
beynnes
candor, frankness
beysk adj.
pungent, acrid, irritating, corrosive (affecting the taste, the eyes, the skin, or
the mucus membrane)
sailyard (esp. the one to which the sail is attached)
beytáƨ
beytə
bait
to bait (lure a fish or animal with a piece of food)
beytən wk. I
beyðən wk. I
to give into the demands of someone, grant
bezt adj.
best
beztborən
of highest birth
beðiən wk. II
to foment, bathe in a warm liquid
beðung
fomentation
to baste (with juices, gravy, etc.)
beðətən wk. I
beƨilən wk. I
to embezzle
beƨmə
broom (besom)
beþþən wk. I
to heat unseasoned wood in order to straighten it, to beath
to enjoy alcohol, drink plenty, go out drinking
bibbən wk. I
biblioþeka
library
biccə
bitch
bid
wait, waiting, tarrying, delay, hesitation
biddən str. V
to request, ask (for, to do something); bidd please!
biddənd
one who asks, requests
biddərə
petitioner
bigg adj.
having a large, powerful build; stocky, brawny, muscular, well-built; of
things: sturdy, well-built/constructed
bigot
bigot
bikr
bickering, fight
bikrən wk. I
to bicker
bikər
beaker
bili (or büli?)
young fellow
biljə
bilge
bilk
intentional non-payment of a bill, taxes, etc.
bilkən wk. I
to bilk, get away without paying
bill
bill (weapon)
billard
billiards
76
billhetə
billhók
billswað
billyəsläħt
billərə
bilwit adj.
bilwitnes
bilyon
bilə
bilədə
binding
bində
bindələ
bindən str. III
bindərə
bing
binn
binnən
binnənfar
binnənlírlik, binnənlírbinnənskóllik adj.
binnənveynlik, binnənveynbircbark
bircholt
bircraʒ
bircə
biretta
birmwïħt
birmən wk. I
birn
biryən wk. I
birħtə
birħtən wk. I
biscəp
biscəpdóm
biscəpfolʒəð
biscəphåd
biscəphåm
biscəphírəd
biscəpiən wk. II
biscəpkünn
biscəpland
biscəplik adj.
biscəprokk
biscəprícə
biscəpród
biscəpscír
biscəpsetl
biscəpstól
murderous hate (with a bill)
billhook
track of bill, wound
clash of bills
bibulta (plant)
simple, unsophisticated; honest, direct, sincere; gullible
simplicity, lack of sophistication; honesty, sincerity; gullibility
billion (US)
bill (of a duck, goose, swan, hummingbird, etc.)
having a bill (of duck, goose, swan, hummingbird, etc.)
binding
tourniquet
volume, tome (of a book)
to bind (often in sense “restrain by tying”, also frbindn)
binder (except in sense of ‘document holder’)
garbage can
bin
within
cabotage
intramuscular
intramural (sport)
intravenous
birchbark
birch-wood
lichen from a birchtree
birch
biretta
bacterium; pl. bacteria
to ferment, leaven
she-bear
to taste (tr.), have a taste of
brightness, brilliance
to brighten; to illuminate; to enlighten
bishop
the authority of a bishop
episcopate
bishophood, office of bishop
bishop’s estate
clergy subject to a bishop
to confirm (religious ceremony)
episcopal (high-priestly) stock
episcopal or diocesal land
‘bishoply’, episcopal
bishop’s rochet, dalmatic (= OE meaning)
bishopric
bishop’s cross
diocese
bishop’s seat (literal or figurative)
bishop’s see (physical)
77
biscəpsun
biscəpsa̋ tə
biscəpsïnəð
biscəpung
biscəpwërəd
biscəpwítə
biscəpwürt
biscəpwürtl
biskit
bissëxtus
bitlə
bitméləm adv.
bitr adj.
bitriən wk. II
bitrmód adj.
bitrnes
bitrwürdi
bitrwürt
biträppl
bitt
bitúmen
bitə
bivwak
biƨarr
biƨi adj.
biƨines
biƨmər
biƨmərful adj.
biƨmərglı̋ w
biƨməriən wk. II
biƨmərlik adj.
disparaging (words, statement)
biƨmərláƨ adj.
biƨmərle̋ ð
biƨmərnes
biƨmərsprék
biƨmərung
biƨmərword
biƨʒiən wk. II
biƨʒlik adj.
biƨʒung
biƨʒə
blabbə
blabbən wk. I
blabrən wk. I
bladiən wk. II
bladƨiən wk. II
bladƨung
blakiən wk. II
godson at a confirmation or ‘bishoping’
bishop’s see (figurative)
synod of bishops
confirmation (religious ceremony)
bishop’s company
fine payable to a bishop?
bishop’s-wort/betony/marshmallow
vervain
cracker (to be eaten)
the extra day intercalated in leap year
beetle
bit by bit, piecemeal
bitter; bitrə bitterly, sharply, painfully, severely
to be bitter
acrimonious
bitterness
bitter in speech
bitter herb
bitter-apple, colocynth
bitt (nautical term, see OED)
asphalt (not mixed with sand or gravel)
a bite
bivouac
bizarre
busy
business (in sense ‘busy-ness’)
scorn
scornful, contemptuous (person)
Schadenfreude?
to scorn; to degrade, denigrate, demean, disparage
scornful, contemptuous, derogatory, degrading, denigrating, demeaning,
free of scorn, harmless, innocuous
scurrilous song
insult, slight
contemptuous talk
degradation, disparagement, denigration
scornful word(s), insult
to occupy, keep busy
occupational
occupation, employment
occupation
blabber, tattletale, tell-tale
to blab
to blabber
to remove the leaves (of herbs chiefly)
to incandesce
incandescence
to look black
78
blakə
the colour black
blamanjər
blancmange
blanc
white paint
blancard
white horse
blancən wk. I
to blanch (esp. as in cooking, chemistry); to etiolate
blancət
white powder for the face
bland
blend
blandhlað
blender
blandhåwiənd
stereoscope
blandiscən wk. I
to blandish
blandlíkə
stereograph
blandswőyənd
n. stereo (set)
blandswőyəndə
adj. stereo(phonic)
blandsón
stereo (sound)
blandən str. VII
to blend (esp. fluid items, or to mix any items so that their individuality is lost
and a homogenous or single product results); merge
grizzly-haired, salt-and-pepper-haired
blandənfäx
blank adj.
blank
blankə
thoroughbred horse
blankət
bedsheet
blasc
watery stuff, very liquid mud, poor tea, watered milk
to blather
blaðrən wk. I
blaʒətən wk. I
to blubber, sob
blaƨiən wk. II
to torch, set on fire
blebb
a swelling or blister on plants
black grease used on axles or other revolving parts; shoemaker’s or currier’s
bleccə
black used for leather
bleccən wk. I
to blacken (tr.)
blek
ink
blekhorn
inkhorn
blekkən wk. I
to enter or inscribe with ink
blemiscən wk. I
to deface
blenc
bluff(ing)
blencən wk. I
to bluff
to dazzle
blendən wk. I
blenk
a shirk, flinch, swerve, etc.
blenkən wk. I
to shirk, flinch, swerve, shy, shrink, avoid, elude; to disappoint, let down
bleriən wk. II
to dim (the eyes) with tears, rheum, or inflammation to dim the vision of
blerə adj.
bald
blescən wk. I
to slake
blestr
blister
bleyk adj.
bleak (< Scandinavian)
bleykən wk. I
to make bleak
bleyn
boil, furuncle
blezən wk. I
to drub, beat with a stick, club, etc.
bleħt
blight (Icel. bléttr stain, spot, blot)
bleƨə
blaze = a white spot on the face of a horse or ox; a white mark made on a tree
by chipping off bark
blicə
(easy) visibility, obviousness, conspicuousness
79
blikiən wk. II
to glare?
blikkətən (bliccətən?) wk. I
to glitter, quiver
bliknən wk. I
to light up (often of the face, or figuratively of the mood), become lit up
blind adj.
blind
blindborən
born blind
blindfell
blindfold
blindfelliən wk. II
to blindfold
blindiən wk. II
to be unable to see, be blind, be dazzled, be obstructed from seeing
blindnes
blindness
blindənetlə
archangelica (plant)
blinkən wk. I
to look with twinkling eyelids, as one half-asleep or dazzled by light; to flutter
the eyelids, blink repeatedly, twinkle the eyes
blinn
interlude, interval
blinnes
suspension (e.g. of talks, from school)
blinnən str. III
to suspend, intermit, cancel, call off, discontinue, cease, stop
to blear (the eyes)
bliriən wk. II
blirtən wk. I
to burst into tears
bliss
humour (ability to laugh or to make laugh)
blissi
laughing, humorous (in a good humour)
blissiən wk. II
to be humorous, joke, make merry
not serious, in fun
blissiəndlik
blisslik
humorous
blissung
fun, joking, jest, amusement, merriment
blobb
blob
bloc
blotch
blok
block
blokən wk. I
to obstruct or close with obstacles (and orig. put blocks in the way of)
blond adj.
red-haired
blondiən wk. II
to stumble
bloscən wk. I
to blush
fireside
blossə
blotnən wk. I
to bloat, puff up, swell, become turgid
blott
blot
blottən wk. I
to blot
blow
concussion
blowlik adj.
concussive
blowt adj.
full of sap or moisture, succulent, juicy; puffy (face), puffed (with fat),
swollen (with fat or moisture)
blubr
effervescence, fizz
blubrən wk. I
to effervesce, fizz
blujon
bludgeon
blundr
blunder
blundriən wk. II
to blunder
blunkən wk. I
to goof up; to mismanage (business)
blunt adj.
blunt, dull (of edges)
blurr
blur
blurrən wk. I
to blur
blurtən wk. I
to lazily and audibly emit breath from the mouth; to snort, as in sleep; to
‘pooh’, puff in scorn
80
blustrən wk. I
to bluster
blutrən wk. I
to blurt (out)
bluðrən wk. I
to blubber (weep with gurgling sounds, etc.)
blámə
blame
blámən wk. I
to blame
blárən wk. I
to blare
blást
fanfare
blát adj.
vulnerable, exposed; without armour or defenses, defenseless
bláð adj.
meek, timid, lacking courage; weak, slow, dull of wit; liable to capture (of
animals hunted by predators)
bláƨən str. VII
to sound (a horn), blow (a wind instrument); intr. to trumpet, sound horns;
bəbláƨən to greet, herald, or announce with fanfare
blå adj.
livid, black-and-blue, bruised (< Scand); dark blue, blue-black
blåk adj.
pale, wan
blåkhle̋ r
palefaced
to turn pale
blåkiən wk. II
blåkung
a turning pale; pallor
blåmann
nigger
blåt adj.
ghastly, ashen, deathly pale, the colour of dead bodies
blåtiən wk. II
to be or turn deathly pale, ashen, or ghastly
blåw
pigment
blåwing
blowing (from the mouth)
blåwən str. VII
to blow (from the mouth)
blåwənd
one who blows
blåwərə
blower (of glass, e.g.)
lamp-black
bläccə
bläd
blade (of grass, of grain or cereal, of leaf, of an oar, of shoulder, etc. also flat
part of knife, sword, or cutting edge); leaf (of paper, of a herb)
bläk adj.
black
bläkfäxədə
black-haired
bläkyimm
jet
oil-lamp
bläkərn
̋
bläkərnleħt
light from an oil-lamp
bläƨə
firebrand
incendiary
bläƨərə
bla̋ cpütt
bleaching-pit
bla̋ cə
bleach
bla̋ cən wk. I
to bleach
bla̋ kðə
#(OE = leprosy)
bla̋ kə
pallor
bla̋ w adj.
blue
bla̋ wcéƨə
cheese
bla̋ wha̋ wən (OE blǣhǣwen)
bla̋ wə
blue colour
bla̋ wən adj.
light blue
bla̋ ƨm adj.
in heat
blécən wk. I
to punish by inflicting pain
bléd
breath = an instance of breathing, current of air from or in mouth or nose,
odour of breath (cf. éðm); a blowing (often anbléd a blowing upon; yəbléd = (constant) blowing)
81
blédbäli
blédful adj.
bléding
blédklïpə
blédorgan
blédrgland
blédrkalwər
blédrə
blédən wk. I
blérən wk. I
blést
bléstbeli
bléstfurnays
bléstm
bléstmklïpə
bléstən wk. I
blétən wk. I
bléyə
bléƨ
bléƨhorn
blëd
blëdfétəlƨ, blëdklëvə
blíkən str. I
blíkəndə adj.
blívən str. I
blíðgamn
blíðhërt adj.
blíðiən wk. II
blíðlik adj.
blíðmód adj.
blíðnes
blíðə adj.
blíðən wk. I
blı̋
blı̋ bord
blı̋ brüyd
blı̋ d adj.
blı̋ fåʒ
blı̋ kräft
blı̋ le̋ ħtlíkə
blı̋ líkə
blı̋ metə
blı̋ rád
blı̋ scepə
blı̋ sta̋ ning
blı̋ yən wk. II (hé blı̋ ð)
blód
blóddolʒ
blóddrünk
bellows
aspirated
inflation
aspirate
wind instrument
prostate (gland)
isinglass
bladder
to inflate
to protrude the tongue, stick out one’s tongue
blast
bellows
blast furnace
explosion
plosive
to blast
to bleat
bleak (small fish), gudgeon
the blast of trumpets, later of cannons, guns, and similar weapons
alarm-trumpet, signal-trumpet? (OE = trumpet, but see sarʒə)
eating- or drinking-vessel (ða blødəƨ the dishes)
cupboard for dishes
to stand out, be easily visible, be obvious, be conspicuous
conspicuous; obvious; salient
to remain
merriment
jovial, jolly
to cheer up
genial, jocund
cheerful, bright, buoyant, chipper, optimistic
cheerfulness, merry disposition
merry, gay, cheerful
to make blíðə, cheer
colour
coloured board, chess-board
combination of colours, scintillation
coloured
variegated
art of colouring (esp. clothes)
colour photograph
colour picture; colour photograph
colourful food
magenta, fuchsia
coloration
tesselated pavement
to colour
blood
sepsis
drink of blood?
82
blódeyƨə
blódflów
blódfåʒ
blódgevənd
blódgütə
blódhrécing
blódhwërving
blódi adj.
blóding
blóditóð
blódklott
blódklåð
blódkund
blódlást
blódláƨ adj.
blódlétə
blódlétərə
blódléƨ
blódléƨtíd
blódlürə
blódovərgütə
blódprőv
blódrinnəndə adj.
blódrád adj.
blódrádə
blódre̋ w adj.
blódrüft
blódrünə
blódscáwung
blódsetn
blódsibb
blódsibblik
blódspíwing
blódsäx
blódsïħtə
blódwan
blódwätr
blódwítə
blódwóƨ
blódyëv
blódye̋ t
blódye̋ tənd
blódye̋ təndə adj.
blódyəmang
blódyəmenjd
blódzellə
blódzükr
blóda̋ trung
blódʒiən wk. II
bloody horror
bloodflow
blodd-stained
blood donor
blood serum
spitting of blood
blood circulation
bloody
black pudding (= blood pudding?)
bloody-toothed
blood-clot, thrombus
dishcloth
blood type
anaemia, anemia
bloodless
blood-letting, bleeding
blood-letter
blood-letting
blood-letting time
blood loss
blood transfusion
blood sample
having an issue of blood
blood-red
hemoglobin, haemoglobin
bloodthirsty
hemorrhage, haemorrhage
issue of blood, bloody flux
examination of blood
something to stop bleeding
consanguinity
consanguine
spitting of blood
scalpel
voluminous bleeding
anaemic
(blood) plasma
‘bloodwite’, penalty for bloodshed (see OED)
(blood) serum
blood donation
bloodshed
shedder of blood
shedding blood
a blood-mixture
mixed with blood
blood cell, corpuscle
blood sugar
blood poisoning
to make bloody/be bloodthirsty
83
blódþiyən
blódþrücnes
blódþürsti
blódən
blóm
blómbläd
blómdúst
blómharl
blómiən wk. II
blómkodd
blómlim
blómscoppə
blómsteng
blómsäp
blómə
blósmbérə
blósmi adj.
blósmiən wk. II
blósmsümbl
blósmə
blót
blótmónəð
Nov.)
blótork
blótən str. VII
blótərə
blówən str. VII
blówəndlik
blőd
blődhwät
blődingådl
blődyəlëƨnes
blődən wk. I
blőziən wk. II
blőzung
blőzungbók
blőzungsalm
blúrə
blút
blúƨ
blúƨ2`
blúƨi adj.
blüscən wk. I
blüsnən
blüƨiən wk. II
blüƨə
bob
boban
bobbə
tasting of blood
blood pressure
bloodthirsty
bloody
flower
petal
pollen; mid blómdústə taðən pollinate
filament of a stamen
to bloom, flower (only in literal sense; blówən also figurative)
anther
stamen
flower shop, florist’s
spadix
nectar of flowers
ingot
blossom-bearing
flowery
to blossom (of trees, shrubs)
floral festival
blossom (especially one about to bear fruit, as on a tree)
sacrifice
month of sacrifice, October (dictionary says November but also 8 Oct. - 8
vessel to pour the blood from a sacrifice?
to sacrifice
sacrificer
to bloom, flower, flourish, blossom (of any plants, and fig.)
flourishing
bloom, blossoming, blossoming-time (and fig.)
growing quickly and profusely
hemophilia
anthology
to bleed
to bless
blessing, benediction
blessing-book, benedictional
the Benedicite
gall bladder
the sudden outbreak of a storm; a sudden wind and rainshower
blouse
blues (music)
frowzy, slovenly, unkempt, slatternly (esp. of women)
to glow red
to coruscate
to weld
welding-torch, blowtorch
a bob
ostentation, pomp
a poisonous beetle that stings cattle (?)
84
bobbən wk. I
boc
bocə
bocən wk. I
bod
bodi
bodiən wk. II
bodiənd
bodlåk
bodscepə
bodung
bodungdäy
bodə
bodədlik
bodərə
boggisc adj.
boglən wk. I
bol
bold
bold(yə)strı̋ n
boldtäl
boldward
boldwëlə
boldåʒənd
bolkiən wk. II
bolkə
bollə
bolstr
bolstriən wk. II
bolt
bolttimbr
bolwerk
bolʒiən wk. II
bolʒnən wk. I
bolʒən adj.
bolʒənmód
bombardə
bombardən wk. I
bombə
bombən wk. I
bonayr
boncev
boncən wk. I
bondájə
bondə
bondən wk. I
boni
bontəð
bonyə
to knock against lightly, rap
botch
boils or sores as a malady
to botch
offer
chest (cavity of body, upper part of trunk), thorax
to announce
one who announces
ordinance, decree
announcement
annunciation
Annunciation day
herald
to be announced
announcer
cocky
to boggle
tree-trunk
residence, house, mansion, castle, large dwelling
household goods
number of houses
housekeeper, steward
splendid dwelling, paradise, heaven
residence-owner, homestead-owner
to ejaculate (words), give vent to
gangplank (= Brit. gangway)
vesicle; boll
bolster
to bolster
bolt
building timber, beams?
bulwark
to elate
to engorge
enraged
habitually enraged, temperamental, testy
bombard
to bombard
bomb
to bomb
debonair
easy circumstances
to bonk
bondage
terminus of a race, journey, or course
to rebound
supplied plentifully, substantial, ample
bonus
bunion
85
bonət
bonnet
bor
borer, auger
boras
borax
bord
board; wooden shield; on bordə on board
bordel
brothel
bordhabbəndə adj.
bearing a wooden shield
bordhaʒə
phalanx of wooden shields
bordhre̋ðə
phalanx of wooden shields
bordklåð
protective cloth for a board
bordrand
rim of a wooden shield
bordríði
a stream running in a channel made of planks
bordrïmə
edge of a board
bordstað
wharf or landing-pier made of boards
bordwall
side of ship; wall of shields
bordwud
wood of/for a board
defense with wooden shields
bordyəlåk
bordþakə
wooden shield-covering, testudo
bordűrə
edging
bordə
embroidery
boriən wk. II
to bore, drill
to bark (commands)
borkiən wk. II
borlikə adv.
extremely
boron
boron
borʒ
collateral (for borrowing, for a loan); security, pledge, guarantee (for the safe
return of something borrowed); on borʒə bücgən buy on credit; on borʒə sellən sell on credit
non-return of borrowed item(s), breach of agreement to return borrowed items
borʒbrücə
safely
borʒfäst adj.
bound by an agreement to return borrowed item(s) safely; obligated to return
borrowed item(s) safely
borʒhand
security, surety (person)
to borrow
borʒiən wk. II
borʒiənd
borrower
borʒláƨ adj.
without credit
borʒsorʒ
trouble on account of lending or security
to bind by an agreement to return borrowed item(s) safely
borʒstëkən str. V
borʒwedd
pledge, security, or guarantee offered for the safe return of something
borrowed
borʒyeldə
creditor
borə
bore(-hole)
borənlik adj.
portable
borətən wk. I
to move up and down
boskájə
the pictorial representation of a wooded landscape
Bosnisc
Bosnian
Bosnya
Bosnia
botl
dwelling
botm
bottom
botmþarm
caecum, blind gut
bott
bot, bott (larva of flies of the genus Œstrus, see OED)
bowlən wk. I
to bawl
86
box
box (esp. wooden)
̋
boxtre
box-tree
boydəkin
bodkin
boystuƨ
raucous
boyə
(little) boy
bozə
boss (e.g. of a shield), decorative knob, stud
boðm
basis
boðn
rosemary
boʒinkləƨ
parentheses, brackets
boʒiħt adj.
full of bends
boʒiən wk. II
to buckle (under pressure, heat)
boʒn
some plant
boʒsceld
curved shield?
boʒwey
arcade
boʒə
bow (for arrows); arc (= buʒ)
wicker basket with a narrow neck for catching fish
boʒənett
boʒətung
contour
boħtlik adj.
venal
brablən wk. I
to cavil, quibble
bracə
brach (hound)
bradd
brad
to be surprised bradiənd surprised bradung surprise (emotion)
bradiən wk. II
brag adj.
overly loud, painfully loud
bragat
bragget (drink made of honey and ale fermented together, or ale and sugar and
spice)
braggət
bracket
bragən wk. I
to sound loudly, bray (e.g. of trumpet, horn, alarm)
brak
ballista
brakisc adj.
brackish
brakiən wk. II/abrakiən wk. II to engrave (an ornament, piece of jewelry, etc.), emboss
strip of untilled land?
brakkə
brakkəƨ
breeches (that come down to the knee)
brakliən wk. II
to crackle (of leaves, materials, etc. when stepped on)
braknə
bracken
branci
branched; ramose
brancə
branch
brancən wk. I
to put forth branches
brand
brand (as on cattle), mark burned into cattle
brandhord
collection of branded animals
brandhåt
burning hot
brandiscən wk. I
to manipulate (a sword, metal object, etc.) so as to catch the light and reflect it
as a flash, to flash (one’s sword, etc.)
brandling
a young salmon before it becomes a smolt
brandråd
fire-dog, trivet (for the hearth)
fire-grate
brandrïdə
brandwín
brandy
brandíƨərn
branding-iron
brandóm
#(OE = ‘rubigo’ (rust, etc.))
brandən wk. I
to brand
87
brank
buckwheat
brankən wk .I
to caper
brant adj.
perpendicular, straight up, erect
brantfox
brantfox (fox with black feet, ears, and tail)
brantgóƨ
brant(-goose)
brantstävnə adj.
high-prowed (ship)
brasc
a belching of stomach acid, pyrosis
brascən wk. I
to breach ( a wall or other defense)
brasliən wk. II
to crackle (of fire, flames, burning logs)
braslung
crackling (of fire, flames, burning logs)
brassik
cole slaw
bratt
pinafore (like a hospital gown)
bravada
bravado
brawl
brawl
brawlən wk. I
to brawl
brawn
brawn, muscularity, musculature
brayl
small rope fastened to the edge of sails to truss them up before furling; a rope
attached to a fishing net for a similar puropose
brayƨən wk. I
to braise
brayən wk. I
to make the cry of the ass, also used of horses, deer, oxen
brasil(-wood)
braƨil
braƨiən wk. II
to make of bronze, add bronze to
braƨə
light bulb, lightbulb
braƨərə
bronze-worker
bred
tablet (for writing, inscribing), small board, trencher (the latter also køtbred);
(of paper) pad
bredd
lip of a vessel
bredwall
wall of small boards, palisade
bredən
of (small) boards, wooden
brek
break (n.)
broken condition
brekðə
bremmən wk. I
to be in heat, rut, copulate
bremməndə
in heat (of animals)
bren
sawdust
brend adj.
tabby (cat etc.)
brenjnes
oblation
brenjən wk. I
to bring, cause to come
brennes
burning
brenning
burning
brennlåk
burnt offering
brenníƨərn
branding-iron
brennə
a burn (on skin, etc.)
brennən wk. I
to burn (tr.)
brennət
arson
brenting
steep-sided ship
brerd
brim (of a cup, glass, or other vessel)
brerdful adj.
brim-full, full to the brim
brest
snap, break; burst (of cords, bonds, etc.)
88
brestən str. III
to snap, break suddenly under tension (of cords, etc., also of dry branches,
spears, etc.); to burst (esp. cords, bands, bonds, ropes, etc.)
bretescə
brattice
brevət
brevet
breydən
stunt
breydən str. III
to make a sudden movement with (the hand, foot, etc.); to swing, brandish (a
sword); to deal (a blow); to move quickly, tug, jerk, shove, shift, swing, shake, throw (wrestling); útbreydən to
draw (a weapon from its sheath); fərbreydən to practise sleight of hand (and so deceive); əmelləbreydən to
switch; bəbreydən to feign, pretend; avbreydən to vary, change colour; əbreydən to start, be startled, be
roused, awake(n); to startle, rouse, wake; əðbreydən to snatch away, remove quickly or suddenly (esp. to
safety); wiðbreydən to check (a blow, swing, strike), parry, block
breydəndə adj.
shifting, moving, variable, vacillating, inconstant, unsteady
breyən wk. I
to triturate (esp. pharmaceuticals)
breʒðən str. III
to rush, flow swiftly (e.g. “the wine rushed to his head”)
breƨnə adj.
enormous, massive
bridd
young bird, chick (most often of non-domestic birds)
brigade
brigadə
brigand
irregular soldier
briguƨ
dissenting
brigə
difference of opinion, disagreement; incompatibility
brik
brick
dilemma
brikə
brim
surf, breaking waves (orig. from the sound, = words meaning “roar” in other
IE languages)
brimfarəð
surge of the surf
brimflód
tsunami
shorebird, seagull
brimfuʒl
brimhenjəst
surf-stallion, ship
brimhläst
flotsam upturned and carried by the waves
brimkald
cold as the surf
brimkliv
cliff by the sea (by the surf)
brimlåd
course along the surf
brimlíðənd
surf-sailor
brimmann
surf-rider, sailor, pirate
brimmə
a) the projecting edge or marginal rim of a hat; b) flange
brimråd
surf-riding
brimstäð
(poetic) seashore
brimwalm
ocean surge, sea-wave
brimwud
(poetic) ship
brimwulv
she-wolf of the waves, pirate ship
brimwíƨə
guide on the surf, captain
brimyest
stranger come on the waves
brimƨə
gadfly (person)
brimþüssə
#(OE = ship)
brimə
burning heat, direct heat of a fire
bring
what is produced, brought forth, presented: offering
bringən (pret. sg. brang, past part. brungən) str. III
to produce, bring forth, show, present
brink
brink
brinning
burning, combustion
89
brinnsum adj.
pyrophoric
brinnən str. III
to burn
brinsən wk. I
to drink to
brisk
brisk
Brit
Briton (person)
Britisc adj.
British (pertaining to the island of (Great) Britain)
Britən, Britland
(Great) Britain
Britənrícə
kingdom of Britain
Britənwaldə
Bretwalda, ruler of Britain, chief king of Britain
brixl
remonstrance, expostulation
brixlən wk. I
to remonstrate, expostulate (against wiðər, with wið, about/on üm)
briyd
freak; freak of mind, freak of nature, etc.
briydl
bridle
briydlhring
bridle-ring
briydliən wk. II
to bridle, curb
briydlþwang
rein
to seize, recover, or reclaim property improperly held by another
briydən wk. I
brodd
antler
broddiən wk. II
to sparkle (of glass, ice, etc.)
brok
affliction, adversity
to afflict, affect adversely
brokiən wk. II
brokk
badger
brokkholʒ
badger’s hole
brokkiən wk. II
to jolt
brokkə
broken-off bit or piece
of badger’s skin
brokkən
broklik adj.
afflictive
brokung
action of afflicting, affliction
brokájə
the trade of a broker
brokənlik adj.
fragile
brocket
brokət
broll
brat
brord
stimulus
brorddrift
impulse
brorddriftlik adj.
impulsive
brot
fragment; shard, potsherd
brotda̋ l
fraction
broð
broth, (soup-)stock
broðfäll
epilepsy
broðl
a worthless abandoned fellow, a wretch, scoundrel, scapegrace, good-fornothing
broʒ
broch (structure of prehistoric times, especially of the Orkney and Shetland
islands and adjacent mainlad areas of Scotland, being a sort of round tower, having an outer and an inner wall of
dry stone, the interstitial space containing little chambers for human habitation, while the open central area
might be used for cattle)
broʒdiən wk. II
to gesticulate
broʒdung
gesticulation
broʒdətən wk. I
to brandish
broʒnə
bough
90
broħt
broƨniən wk. II
broƨnung
broƨnədlik adj.
bruk
brukl adj.
brukən adj.
brunnbäð
brunnselə
brunnstów
brunnə
brunt
bruscə
bruscən wk. I
bruscət
bruskin
brusliən wk. II
brust
light reading material, etc.)
brustən wk. I
brusə
brusən wk. I
brutl
bruylən wk. I
bruðl
bruʒ
brá
brád
brádovət
brákə
brákən wk. I
bráv adj.
bráw
bráwlåk
bráwərn
bráz
brázən wk. I
brace oneself
bráð adj.
bråd adj.
brådax
brådbrim
brådhand
brådiən wk. II
brådlingə adv.
brådlák
brådung
bråkur
bräk
giblet
to crumble, fall to pieces, be corrupted
corruption, ruin, decay
corruptible, perishable
disposal (e.g. have at one’s disposal)
tending to break (things), destructive
used; second-hand
spring-bath
spa = establishment with a mineral spring
place of a mineral spring or spa
mineral spring, (natural) spa
brunt
brush (implement)
to brush (hair, etc.)
thicket, low forest
buskin
to crackle or rustle muffedly
young shoots and twigs used as fodder by cattle; that which is browsed (incl.
to browse (of animals only)
underbrush
to brush (against, by, through)
decrepit, rundown, shabby, ramshackle
to broil
decadent
mirage
the steep bank bounding a river valley; rising ground, ridge, bank, ledge
bread
breadfruit
(flax-, hemp-) brake
to brake (flax, hemp)
responsible, dutiful, good; heroic (as when one saves someone’s life)
brew
brewing
brew-house
brace (device)
to brace (make firm or strengthen as by offering resistance, propping up); refl.
irascible, quick-tempered, hotheaded
broad, expansive, vast (refers to areal or surface extent)
broad axe
poet. wide sea
palm of the hand
to become broader, broaden, become more expansive, expand
with the hand open or flat
type of leek or similar vegetable (endive? bok choy?)
expansion; (areal) extension
broker
crash, crack, noise, clap of thunder (all sounds)
91
bräkhwíl
bräkse̋ k
bräkse̋ knes
bräyd
bräydboʒə
bräydwíƨ adj.
bräydən adj.
bräyn
bräynfilmən
bräynlik adj.
bräynlokə
bräynpannə
bräynse̋ k adj.
bräyntoʒ
bräħtm
bräħtmi adj.
bräħtmiən wk. II
bräħtmung
bräƨ
bräƨən adj.
bräþþ
bra̋ ding
bra̋ dð
bra̋ də
bra̋ də adv.
bra̋ dəlƨ
bra̋ dən wk. I
bra̋ mə
bra̋ w
bra̋ðə
bréc
bréc2 pl.
brécdrenk
brécklov
bréckoðə
brécse̋ k
brédpannə
brédə
brédən wk. I
brék
brér
brérhlåw
brérþürnə
bréting
brétən wk. I
brév adj.
brév
brévən wk. I
bréð
moment, instant
ill with apoplexy
apoplexy
sleight of hand, trick
deceptive bow
crafty
deceptive
brain
brain membrane, arachnoid
cerebral
brain-stronghold, head, skull
brain-pan
‘brain-sick’, mad, insane
apoplexy, stroke
ruckus; boisterousness
boisterous, rowdy
to raise a ruckus; be boisterous
rowdiness
bronze
(made) of bronze, bronzen
ire
expansion, broadening
scope, compass, extent, breadth
expanse, breadth, vastness, (areal) extent; phys. area (e.g. of a square)
broadly, expansively
a canvas
to make broad, broaden, make expansive, expand, spread, extend (areally)
bream
eyelid
irascibility, temper, hotheadedness
catarrh, congestion
pants, trousers (sing. brók leg of pants, rarely used)
cough or congestion medicine (drink)
fly (of pants, trousers)
bronchitis
bronchitic
roasting-pan
a roast (of meat)
to roast
destruction, breaking (apart)
brier (briar) (includes the bramble also)
brier-covered tumulus (?)
brier-bush
crushing
to crush (esp. hard objects)
brief, short (in duration)
brief, official document
to take notes (of)
whiff
92
bréðiən wk. II
to give a whiff of
bréðl adj.
brittle
brëdiən wk. II
to recuperate, regenerate
brëdwiən wk. II
to wipe out, eradicate
brëking
breaking, breakage
brëknes
breach
brëkən (past part. brokən) str. IV to break
brëtn adj.
ample; spacious, roomy; generous, large
brëtngrund
broad earth
brëtnküng
generous king
spacious plains
brëtnwangəƨ pl.
brëʒ
prince, ruler of a small or vassal state
brëʒrícə
principality
brëʒróv adj.
majestic, mighty
brëʒstól
princely throne
regent
brëʒward
bre̋ st
breast (man’s (muscular, = pectoral muscle) or woman’s (mostly fatty, =
mammary gland))
bre̋ stbån
breast-bone, sternum
̋
brestbüdn
(poetic) chest
pectoral fin
bre̋ stfinn
̋
bresthlüsnənd
stethoscope
bre̋ stkar
heart-care, anxiety (semipoet.)
bre̋ stkovə
cavity of the chest, thoracic cavity
bre̋ stlik adj.
pectoral
tightness of chest
bre̋ stnerwət
bre̋ strokk
chest-clothing
bre̋ stsceld
plastron
̋
brestsëvə
heart, sympathies
bre̋ sttoʒə
chieftain, leader of the heart
̋
breastwork, rampart
brestwall
bre̋ stwalm
emotion, surge of emotion
̋
brestwärk
pain in the chest
bre̋ stwërðung
breast-medal
sceptre
bre̋ styärd
bre̋ styəbërʒ
breast-armour
bre̋ styəhüyd
deepest feelings
bre̋ styəwéd
attire for the breast
bre̋ styəþank
deepest thoughts
̋
brestþing
affair of the heart
bre̋ tən str. II
to demolish, tear down
̋
brewən str. II
to brew
bre̋ðən str. II
to decay, deteriorate, degenerate
bríbə
obtainment by abuse of trust
bríbən wk. I
to obtain by abuse of trust
brínə
brine
bríw
porridge (of cereal(s) or meal), mush (of cornmeal)
bríwþikk adj.
as thick as porridge
bríwən wk. I
to make porridge
93
bríƨə
sea-breeze or land-breeze, cool wind from the sea that blows onto the heated
land by day, or conversely from the land to the sea by night
Brït
Breton (person)
Brïtisc adj.
Breton (adj., language)
Brïtland n., Brïtaynə
Brittany
brı̋ƨə
locust
brócə
a pointed rod of wood or iron of any length or size
bród
brood
bródi adj.
‘broody’, ready to brood
brók
torrent
‘brookmint’ = horsemint, wild mint
brókmintə
brókríð
torrential brook
bróm
broom plant
brómfästən
enclosure of broom
brómi
broomy
brómín
bromine
bróðr (pl., dat. sg. brőðr)
brother
bróðrbanə
brother-killer, fratricide (person)
bróðrdoħtr (pl. -döħtr)
brother’s daughter, niece
bróðrhåd
brotherhood (association)
bróðrkwal, bróðrmorðr
fratricide (act)
bróðrlik adj.
brotherly
bróðrliknes
brotherliness
bróðrluvə
brotherly love
bróðrláƨ adj.
brotherless
brotherhood (condition)
bróðrrédən
bróðrscepə
fraternity
bróðrsibb
kinship of brothers
bróðrslaʒə
brother-slayer
bróðrsleyə
slaughter of one’s brother
bróðrsun
brother’s son, nephew
bróðrwürt
erigeron
bróðryeld
vengeance for brothers? Wergeld for a brother?
bróʒful
panicked, panicky
terrifying threat
bróʒþrá
bróʒə
panic
brömbl
bramble
brődən wk. I
to incubate, brood, cherish (a brood)
brőmdlik adj.
rumoured, reputed
brőml
blackberry bush
brőmlbark
blackberry-bark
brőmlberyə
blackberry
brőmlláv
blackberry-leaf
brőmlþürnə
blackberry-bush
brőmnes
rumour (?) -- rampant rumour?
brőmə adj.
(of rumours, stories, news) rampant
brőmən wk. I
tr. to spread (rumours, stories, news), intr. spread news, rumours, or stories
brőyful adj.
spooked, haunted (person)
brőylik adj.
spooky, haunted (thing, place)
94
brőynes
spooking, haunting
brőyə
concoction
brőyən wk. I
to spook; haunt (the mind)
brőyəndə adj., brőyəndlik adj. haunting
brú
eyebrow
brúding
brocade
brúdən wk. I
to brocade
brúk
using, use (of something or someone)
brúkən (past part. brukən) str. II to use
brúkənd
user
brúkəndkündə adj.
user-friendly
brún adj.
brown
brúnbaƨu adj.
brownish-purple
brúnfåʒ adj.
brown-hued?
brúniən wk. II
to become brown
brúnlik adj.
brownish
brúnwürt
‘brownwort’, water-betony, wood-betony
brúnzükr
brown sugar
brúnðə
erysipelas
brúət
thickened broth (? -- see browet, brewis in OED)
brücg
bridge
brücgbót
repairing of bridges
brücgiən wk. II
to bridge, make a bridge or causeway (for)
brücgward
keeper of defender of a bridge
brücgwërk
work of building or repairing bridges, bridgework
brücl adj.
violative
brücə
breach, infringement, violation, infraction
brüddən wk. I
to petrify
brükiən wk. II
to serve (as, for), function (as), be in service
brükiəndlik adj.
virtual
fire-terror
brünbróʒə
brünhåt adj.
burning hot
brüni adj.
fiery, burning
brünle̋ mə
fire-beam, flame
corslet
brünnhamə
brünnwíʒənd
corsleted warrior
brünnwïʒə
corsleted fighter
brünnə
corslet
brünstån
brimstone
brüntár
hot tear
brünwalm
wave of burning heat
brünyeld
burnt offering
brünyon
nectarine
brünyə
breastplate
brünådl
fever
brünə
burning; passion, fervour; heat, fire, flame(s)
brürdnes
incitement, instigation
brürdən wk. I
to incite, egg on, encourage; instigate
brüsk adj.
brusque
95
brüskət
brüst
at a loss
brüstful
brütiən wk. II
brütl adj.
brütlən wk. I
brütniən wk. II
brütnung
brütnərə
brüttiən wk. II
brüttə
brüyd
brüyt
brüytən wk. I
brüzn
brüzniən wk. II
brüznyəliƨə
brüðl
(habitually) unemployed person
brüðn
brűcə adj.
exploitable
brűd
brűdal
brűdbedd
brűdblőzung
brűdbodə
brűdfar
brűdgift
brűdgumgróm
brűdgumə
brűdhlowp
brűdhúƨ
brűdiən wk. II
brűdkovə
brűdlik adj.
brűdlokə
brűdluvə
brűdlåk
brűdle̋ ð
brűdnäħt
brűdrest
brűdra̋ v
brűdsang
brűdyiftə
brűdyëv
brűdþing
brűdþiynən
brisket
death, injury, damage, mishap, calamity, disaster, loss, anything that puts one
constituting a brüst, disastrous, calamitous, unfortunate
to chop, cut up; mince, hash; cut into pieces or portions
rickety, shaky, liable to break down or collapse or fall
to fragment
to dispense, distribute
distribution
steward (responsible for financial affairs, on a ship or otherwise); purser
to provide
provider
quick movement
report noised abroad, rumour, tidings; matter noised abroad
to noise, report, rumour
portion; quantum
to parcel out
quantum mechanics
loafer, one who does not work, who lives off the generosity of others;
any brewed beverage
rich, fertile (esp. soil, land), productive, valuable, good, useful, profitable,
bride
reception after a wedding, wedding-feast
bridal bed
marriage blessing
bridesman (member of the groom’s party)
honeymoon
gift of a bride (from the bride’s father)
groomsman, bridesman
bridegroom
the walk down the aisle of the bride
bride-chamber
to wed
bride-chamber
bridal, nuptial
bride-chamber
love of a bride
marriage ceremony
epithalamium
wedding-night
bridal bed
wedding-garment
wedding-singing
espousals
dowry
nuptials
bridesmaid
96
brűƨl
brűƨə
brűƨən wk. I
brűƨəwürt
bubl
bubldrenk
bubldrünk
bublwätr
bublwín
bublən wk. I
bucərə
bud
buddə
buffə
buffən wk. I
bufət
bugg adj.
buggə
buj
bujən wk. I
bujət
bukkə
bukl
buklən wk. I
bukram
bukət
bulazə
buldr
bulet
bulki adj.
bulkə
bull
falsehood
bulletin
bullə
bullək
bulr
bultən wk. I
bulwerk
bulyon
bulyə
bulə
bulənzə
bumblən wk. I
bumbən wk. I
bumm
bump
bumpən wk. I
fragile (person)
bruise, contusion
to bruise, contuse; to strike, beat, or pound bluntly or with a blunt object
‘daisy, soap-wort’
bubble
soft drink
soda pop
carbonated water
sparkling wine
to bubble (form bubbles)
butcher (slaughterer)
bud
cockroach
outburst
to burst (into laughter, etc.), make an outburst
a low stool
pompous; self-important, conceited, proud; pretentious
bugbear
a budge
to budge
budget
young male deer, goat, or sheep without horns or antlers
buckle
to buckle, clasp
buckram
decanter
bullace
boulder
bullet (of firearms)
voluminous, bulky
volume (mass, size, capacity); on bulkən in bulk
self-contradictory statement; nonsense; (blatant) fallacy; (blatant) lie,
bulletin
(papal or episcopal) bull
young bull (sexually immature)
rapids
to pummel
bulwark of a ship
bullion
boyfriend
bull; Taurus
ragged robin, cuckoo-flower
to bumble
to resound deeply, such as when a large metal drum is struck
bum (buttocks)
bump (esp. on the ground, but also = kűlə)
to bump
97
bunc
rounded folds)
buncən wk. I
bund
bundl
bunglən wk. I
bungə
bunk
bunkr
bunt
bunting
bunƨbra̋ dəlƨ
bunƨən wk. I
bunə
burbl
burblən wk. I
burdi adj.
burdlik adj.
burdon
burdə
burgájə
burgər
burjes
burjeshåd
burjeslik adj.
burjesyə
burjon
burjonən wk. I
burl
burlesk
burlən wk. I
burlət
burnə
burnən wk. I
burrə
burtən wk. I
burájə
burð
burðbodə
burðdäy
burðiən wk. II
burðlik adj.
burðrə
burðtíd
burðwar
burðwering
burðwítʒə
burðwïʒlərə
burðþiynən
a bunching, bunching up (of a garment, or of anything compressed into tight
to bunch up
bundle
bunch (of flowers), bouquet
to bungle
bung (stopper)
bunk (sleeping-berth)
bunker (underground fortification)
bunt (in nautical senses)
bunting (bird)
trampoline
to bounce (esp. up and down, as a ball)
test tube
gurgle (of streams, running water
to gurgle (of streams, running water)
always joking, jocose
jocular
bourdon, undersong
joke
burgage
burgher
citizen
citizenship
civic, civil
status as a citizen
bud of a zoophyte
to burgeon
a small knot, clump, or frayed end in a cloth or item of clothing
burlesque
to dress (cloth) by removing knots and lumps
a padded roll of cloth for a woman’s head, or serving as a support for a ruff
destination
to burnish
(metal) burr
to dig (the heels, nails, elbow, etc.) in
borage
birth
herald of a birth
birthday
to be born
of one’s birth, native (land, etc.)
birth, issue (of an animal)
time of birth
contraceptive
contraception
= burðwïʒlərə
birth-diviner, astrolger
midwife
98
burʒ pl. bürʒ
city, town
burʒaldr
burgomaster, mayor
burʒbiscəp
bishop of a city
burʒbrücə
breaking into a city or town
burʒbót
urban repair
burʒfolk
the people of a city or town, townspeople
burʒfästən
citadel, acropolis, city-fortress, town-fortress
burʒheyə
hedge around a city or town?
burʒhlið
sloped embankment upon which a city was founded
burʒisc adj.
urbane, sophisticated
burʒland
urban area
burʒlaʒ
bylaw, municipal law
burʒlik adj.
urban, municipal
burʒliknes
urbanity
burʒlokə
stronghold in a city or town
city folk, town folk
burʒlı̋ də
burʒmakiən wk. II
to urbanize
burʒmann (pl. -menn)
urbanite, civilized man
burʒrecəd
city building
burʒrédən
civility, urban condition
municipal law
burʒrëħt
burʒrún
town oracle
burʒscepə
municipality, civil district
burʒscír
charge or oversight of a city or town
burʒselə
hall (one-roomed building) in a city
civil engineering
burʒserwing
burʒsittənd
town-dweller, city-dweller
burʒsprék
courtly speech, cultivated speech
burʒstall
?
burʒstaðl
city foundations (orig. of the city wall)
site of a city or town
burʒstedə
burʒstrét
city street, town street
burʒsäl
room in a municipally owned building
burʒsétə
city-dweller, town-dweller, urbanite
walled city, walled town
burʒtún
burʒwaldə
burgess
burʒwall
bulwark or rampart around a city or town
burʒward
guardian of a city or town; now refers to the (historical) bell-ringer of the
main cathedral of a town or city
burʒwey
any paved way in a city or town?
burʒwällə
spring in a city or town, fountain
burʒwëlə
wealth of a city or town
burʒwërəd
company of men from a city or town
burʒwíʒənd
warrior employed by a city or town
burʒwïtə
town councillor
burʒwər
inhabitant of a city or town, pl. city-folk, townfolk
burʒyard
city block
burʒyät
entrance to a city or town, city gate, town gate (the passage, not the metal
grating that forms the gate, which is the grindl)
99
burʒyəmet
measure used in a town
burʒyəmót
town’s meeting
burʒyəriħtə
town due
burʒyərővə
burgess (member of Parliament representing a town or city)
burʒyəþingð
municipal sale of property
burʒþël
pavement
burƨə
package, packaging
busc
a bush, shrub
a plantation in a garden, park, etc. of underwood and small trees
buscət
busk
bush-country, bushes, the bush
busl
bustle
buslən wk. I
to bustle
bust
bust (likeness)
bustard
bustardə
but
the end of a field (as opposed to its sides), incl. playing-fields
butl
bottle
butlhalƨ
bottleneck
butlər
butler (in sense ‘servant who has charge of the wine-cellar and dispenses the
liquor’)
buton
button (as on a dashboard, machine, etc.); small ornament
butras
buttress
butrək
leather bottle (? or some modernized meaning?)
butt
butt (= thick end, and associated meanings)
buttuk
buttock (one of the cheeks of the posterior)
buttə
butt (kind of fish, = fluke)
to head (in football = soccer)
buttən wk. I
butə
large cask; its measure (36 gallons)
butərfle̋ʒə
butterfly
butəri adj.
buttery
butəriən wk. II
to butter
butter-pail (in which butter was made or collected)
butərstoppə
butəryə
buttery (noun)
butərə
butter
buvən adv., prep.
above, overhead
bux
box (cuff, slap)
buxən wk. I
to box (cuff, e.g. the ears)
buyabes
bouillabaisse
buyl
bubbling, seething, agitation
buylən wk. I
(of water, sea, or liquids) to bubble, seethe, surge, be agitated, rage (often
used of springs, hot springs, waterfalls, rapids)
buylənd
ebullient, bubbling over
buystuƨ adj.
coarse in manner
buystə
small box, as for perfume, drugs, ointments
buzə
buss (kind of ship)
buzəkarl
mariner
buʒ
arch; arc
buħt
flection, flexure; flexion
buƨard
honey buzzard
bákn
signal; indicator, indication (and also: sign, symbol, emblem, portent)
100
báknfűr
beacon-fire, beacon
bákniən wk. II
to signal
báknle̋ ħt
beacon-light, beacon
báknstån
stone on which to light a beacon-fire
báknung
signalling, signal
báknword
cue
bákon
backbacon
bál
bale (package, bundle)
bám
beam (of wood); poet. tree
bámscäd
shade of a tree
bámteli
tincture from wood
bámwey
road made with logs
bámwór
wooden weir
bán
bean
bánkodd
beanpod, bean-husk
bánkünn
a kind of bean
bánlá
land where beans grow
bánmëlu
bean-meal
bánscal
beanpod
bánset
bean-plot
bánséd
bean-seed
of beans
bánən
bás
base (n.)
básblok
plinth
básrëʒl
principle (of behaviour, etc.)
to baste (sew or stitch loosely and temporarily)
bástən wk. I
bástən
to the east of
bástənnorðən
to the northeast of
básən wk. I
to base
bát
beat
to beat
bátən str. VII
bátərə
boxer
báw
gadfly
bázin
basin (a vessel or receptacle broader than it is deep, and not circular like a
bowl; anything, such as a natural land formation or a human construction, shaped like this)
báʒ
(open) ring, bracelet, (open) collar, garland, horseshoe - anything in the shape
of a ring whose ends don’t meet, semicircle
báʒhord
ring-hoard
báʒhrodən
adorned with rings or armlets
báʒiən wk. II
to crown (with) -- but not used of coronations, only in physical sense
báʒselə
hall in which rings are distributed
báʒwrïðə
armlet
báʒwíƨə
in a semicircular fashion
báʒyëv
ring-giving
báʒyëvə
ring-giver, generous chief
báʒþëʒ
receiving of rings
báƨ
boss, foreman
báƨar
bazaar
bå
both
101
båd
expectation (preconception)
bådiən wk. II
to take someone’s expected contribution, receive mandatory contributions
bådə
mandatory or expected contribution, imposed charge or fee; the amount one
must pay as one’s share, monetary burden; stake; ante (in poker)
bål
(accidental) fire, conflagration
bålhaƨard
fire hazard
bålkwenkərə
fire extinguisher
bålmann
fireman
fire station
bålrecəd
bålscildə
fire protection
bålsikr
fireproof
bålsta̋ yr
fire escape
bålwering
fire prevention, fire fighting
fire engine
bålwëʒ
bålwómə
fire alarm
bålþrát
fire brigade, fire department
bån
a bone
bånbrücə
fracture of a bone
bånbërʒə
bone-armour, greaves
bånecə
pain in a bone
adorned with bonework
bånfåʒ
bånfät
(poetic) body
bånhelm
helmet of bone
bånhring
vertebra
bånhúƨ
(poetic) body, chest
the bodily frame (poetic)
bånkovə
bånlok
joint
bånláƨ
boneless
bånrift
leggings
bånsalv
salve for pain in the bones
bånselə
(poetic) body
bånwärk
sharp pain in the bones
bånwürt
violet? small knapweed?
bånyəliƨə
osteology
bånådl
rickets
bånþrok
skeleton
bånþünnung
osteoporosis
bånən
made of bone
bår
boar (adult male domesticated pig)
bårhelm
helmet with the image of a boar
bårsperə
boar-spear
̋
bårspret
#(OE = boar-spear)
bårə
tidal bore, tidal wave in a river
båstən wk. I
to show off (proudly), parade
båt
boat
båthúƨ, båtränn
boathouse
båtsweyn
boatswain
båʒ adj.
without substance or stamina, weak, poor, pithless, indifferent
båƨniən wk. II
to expect
102
båƨniəndə adj.
båƨnung
bädd adj.
bäddl
bädu
bädufolm
bädugrímə
bäduhräyl
bädukräft
bädukräfti
bädukwalm
bädukåv
bädulåk
bädule̋ mə
bädumäyn
bädumécə
bädurink
bäduréƨ
bäduróv
bädurún
bädusaru
bäduscarp
bäduscrúd
bäduserk
bäduwra̋ d
bäduwépn
bäduwërk
bäduþrát
bäk
bäkbån
bäklingə adv.
bäksakk
bäksklot
bäkslup
bäksluplik
bäkslïtl adj.
bäksund
bäksám
bäkþarm
bälc
bälcən wk. I
phenomena)
bäldə
bäldən wk. I
bäli
bälʒiən wk. II
bälʒəƨ pl.
bälʒəƨpípə
bär adj.
expectant
expectation (anticipation)
worthless, of low esteem
hermaphrodite
tournament; (hist, poet., in some compounds) battle, war, warfare, warring
(poetic) battle-hand
tournament-mask
tournament-garment
skill in battle or combat
skilful in battle or combat
death by warfare; death at a tournament
energetic in warfare
tournament-play, jousting
battle-lightbeam, sword (poetic)
potency in battle, battle-strength
war- (or tournament-)blade, sword
honorable jouster
attack in a tournament
great in tournament
war-secret
war-device
keen in battle (sword)
tournament-clothing
coat of mail
war-garland
weapon of war
warlike operation
armed force of men
back
backbone
back to back
knapsack
buttock-cleft
anus
anal
backbiting
backstroke
backpack
rectum
hubris
to belch, splutter, emit, utter (often used of volcanoes and other natural
courage, braveness
to embolden, encourage
external ruminant stomach
to bellow
bellows
bagpipe
bare, uncovered
103
bärd
bärdláƨ
bärdədə
bärfót adj.
bärlik adj.
bärwə
bärʒ
bärħtm
bärħtmhwät
bärħtmhwíl
bärƨ
bäst
bästən
bäw adj.
bäwté
bäwtéful adj.
bäzərə
bäð
Bäðdäy
bäðfät
bäðhúƨ
bäðróbə
bäðsalv
bäðstów
bäðwey
bäðərn
ba̋ cə
ba̋ cən wk. I
ba̋ dwa̋ yə
ba̋ dən wk. I
ba̋ dənd
ba̋ k
ba̋ st
ba̋ tl
ba̋ tən wk. I
ba̋ wən wk. I
béknfar
béknfaring
béknfarən str. VI
béknfarənd
békning
béknəl
béknən wk. I
béknənd
bél
bélbläƨə
béleyƨə
bélfűr
bélstedə
beard
beardless, youthful
bearded
barefoot
open, public
wheelbarrow
barrow (castrated male pig)
white of the eye
momentary
moment, twinkling of an eye
bass (fish)
bast, phloem, cambium
made of bast
fair, beautiful
beauty
beautiful
baptist
bath
Epiphany (day of Christ’s baptism)
bathing-tub
bathhouse
bathrobe
bathing-salve
bathing-place
(poetic) sea
baths
the loose water-worn pebbles of the sea-shore
to give a beakful to (a bird), feed by the beak, regurgitate (of birds)
#(OE = drinking vessel)
to urge
inciter
beak
beast
bit (of a horse’s trappings)
to furnish with a bit or bridle; curb (horses); curb, check, restrain
to coddle (a baby, child)
hitchhike
hitchhiking
to hitchhike
hitchhiker
hand-, facial signal; beckoning, wink, nod, wave; indication
indicative
to make a sign, beckon, wink, nod, wave; (tóbéknən) to indicate, point to
index, indicator, discloser; forefinger
bonfire; immolation fire (as for witches, heretics, bibles)
funeral blaze
terrifying bonfire
balefire, funeral or sacrificial fire
site of a bonfire
104
bélwalm
bélwud
bélþrak
bémiən wk. II
bémə
bémərə
bén adj.
bér
bér2
bérdisc
bérmann (pl. -menn)
béta
bétl
bétə
béwən wk. I
béying
béynes
béyəlƨ
béyən wk. I
béʒl adj.
bëd
bëdiən wk. II
bëdl adj.
Bëlgarisc
Bëlgarya
bëlnə
bënət
bërhűd
bëring
bëringlik
bërk
bërkən str. III
bërmawmət
bërmtáʒ
bërmə
bërn
villain or villains (esp. in fiction)
Bërnicə pl.
bërnküng
bërnwïʒə
bërnþrát
bërðr
bërðrkräft
bërðrkwal
bërðrlécə
bërðrþiynən
bërʒ
bërʒaventűrə
bërʒhlið
flames of a bonfire
wood for a bonfire
onset of a bonfire
to blow the horn
horn (instrument, alarm)
hornblower
nice
bier; stretcher; litter
pasture (meadow, not the act)
handbarrow
bearer, porter
beta; beta ray
mallet
beet
to furbish, brighten by rubbing or wiping
bending
power of bending
curvature
to bend (tr.)
submissive, compliant; amenable (to dat.)
request
to request (esp. formally)
suppliant
Bulgarian
Bulgaria
henbane
bent(-grass)
bearskin
carrying; gestation
gestational
a bark (of dog)
to bark
teddy bear
#(OE = yeast-box)
barm
man of valour, great man (esp. poetic); honorable man, ‘good guy’ vs. a
Bernicians
king among great men
valiant warrior
force of valiant men
childbirth, labour of childbirth
obstetrics, midwifery
abortion
obstetrician
midwife
mountain
mountaineering
side of a mountain
105
bërʒiħt
bërʒlik
bërʒmann
bërʒmassə
bërʒsetl
bërʒstedə
bërʒstíʒən
bërʒstíʒənd
bërʒyəliƨə
bërʒälvən
bërʒən str. III
(persons); w. dat. obj.
bërħt adj.
bërħtblówəndə adj.
bërħtiən wk. II
bërħtlik
bërħtnes
bërħtnən wk. I
bërħtword adj.
bërħtə
bërə
bërən str. IV
bërənd
bërəndə adj.
bëvr
be̋ d
be̋ dbollə
be̋ dfät
be̋ dgest
be̋ dhräyl
be̋ diən wk. II
be̋ dklåð
be̋ dland
be̋ dlåvəƨ pl.
be̋ dra̋ v
be̋ dscát
be̋ dscétə
be̋ dtenez
be̋ dvers
be̋ dwist
be̋ dyərërd
be̋ dən str. II
be̋ dənd
be̋ dərn
be̋ dərə
be̋ r
be̋ rbüdn
be̋ rdrest
be̋ rhirdə
mountainous
orographic
mountaineer
massif
mountain dwelling
site of a mountain
mountain climbing
mountain climber
orology, orography
oread
to keep safe, store, save (items); to give shelter to, harbour, hide, protect
bright, brilliant
bright-blooming
to be bright, glare, dazzle, shine, glow, glisten
illustrious
= birħtə, but often in a more concrete sense
to grow bright
clear-voiced
brightly, brilliantly
bear
to carry, bear, bring (often with prefixes)
carrier, bearer
carrying, bearing
beaver
table
table-bowl
table-vessel, cup, glass
table-guest, dinner guest
table-covering
to do joiner’s work
table-cloth
land from which the table of manasteries, etc. were supplied, glebe-land
table-leavings
table-settings
triangular table-napkin
protective sheet to cover a table, e.g. in woodwork
table tennis, ping-pong
grace at meal-time
table-fare, repast
table-feast
to offer, present
one who makes an offer
dining room
joiner
beer (distinguished from al by the addition of hops)
drum full of beer
dregs of the fermentation of beer
cellarer, butler
106
be̋ rscalk
one of one’s men who revels with beer
̋
berscepə
revel or feast or banquet with beer available; party (with beer)
be̋ rselə
beer-hall
be̋ rsetl
seat on which one drinks (e.g. in a drinking-hall, at a party or feast, in a bar),
barstool
be̋ rþëʒ
partaking of beer, drinking (of beer)
be̋ st
colostrum
be̋ w
cereal, grain (plant)
̋
bewtreƨur
breadbasket
bí prep., adv.
prep. adv. near; by (of location only); with (indicating assistance, attention);
to one/any side (of); pref. para-, byBíblə
Bible
bídfäst
fixedly waiting
bíding
waiting, tarrying; waiting-place
bídstall
halt, stand
to wait (for, gen.); əbídən to await; yəbídən to wait out, endure; anbídən to
bídən str. I
wait on, attend upon
bífadung
parataxis
bífurð
adv. (going) by, past; prep. bí...furð
bífőrən wk. I
to march in parallel
bífülc
neighbouring tribe
bígeng
ritual; rite of worship
bígengnes
worship
bígenjə(r)
worshipper
bígenjəstrə
female worshipper
bígån anom.
to go by the side of, go beside; to parallel (and fig.)
bígürdl
belt-pouch, belt-purse (purse or pouch attached to belt)
bíhaldən str. VII
to keep (things) longer than one should, hold onto (fond hopes, habits,
superstitions, delusions, memories)
bíimájə
metaphor
nest of wild bees, hornets, wasps (distinct from hűv)
bíkə
bílang adj.
parallel
bílangfigúrə
parallelogram
bílåkərə
accompanist
to grant an annuity, pension, or allowance to
bílïviən wk. II
bílïvə
annuity, pension, allowance; unearned income
bínamə
alternate name, cognomen
bírëħt (prep. in OE)
right beside
bísakk (or bísäcc, LL bisaccium) wallet carried about the waist
bísamda̋ l
analogue (analogous part of a plant or animal)
bísamiən wk. II
to be analogous to
bísamiəndə adj.
analogous
bísamkünn
analogue (species, tribe)
bísamlik adj.
analogical
bísamung
analogy
bísamword
analogue (word)
bísamåħt
analogue (object)
bísamþing
analogue (immaterial thing)
bísaʒ
proverb
107
bíspell
bíspellbók
bístíʒ
bísunnə
bíswik
bísäk adj.
bísäyən
bísénə adj.
bísőc
bítən str. I
bítəsamnsetting
bíwey
bíwist
bíword
bíwordiən wk. II
bíwordung
bíwürdə
bíyəlåk
bíƨ adj.
bíƨə
bïtl adj.
bïtə
bïviən wk. II
bïviəndlik
bïvung
bı̋
bı̋ brád
bı̋ cërl
bı̋ gang
bı̋ kərə
bı̋ módr
bı̋ n anom.
bı̋ nd adj.
bı̋ nd
bı̋ nlik
bı̋ nnes
bı̋ nyəliƨə
bı̋ sting
bı̋ t
bı̋ tful
bı̋ tiən wk. II
boastfully
bı̋ tlik
bı̋ tmäcg
bı̋ tung
bı̋ tword
bı̋ würt
bı̋ þe̋ v
bóa
parable
book of parables
by-path
parhelion, sundog
secondary betrayal
contested, disputed
parenthesis, parenthetical statement
purblind (partly blind)
secondary quest
to bite
parasynthesis
byway
essentials, necessaries
epithet
to paraphrase
paraphrase
allegory
(musical) accompaniment
dark grey
north wind
biting, keen, caustic
bit, morsel, piece
to tremble
terrible, terrifying
trembling; tremor
bee
honey with the comb
bee-keeper
swarm of bees (more accurately, ‘procession’ of bees)
bee-master, head bee-keeper
queen bee
to be = Spanish ser
being, existing (adj.)
being, entity (noun)
essential (except in sense “necessary”)
essence (in philosophical sense)
ontology
beestings
boast, boastful promise
boastful (person)
to boast (that one will do something or can do something, etc.), promise
boastful (thing said)
boastful youth
boasting
boastful words
beewort, sweet flag
bee-thief
boa
108
bódl
estate (landed property) (< MDutch)
bók
book (pl. bők)
bókblek
ink
bókcest
book-chest
bókfell
parchment, vellum
bókfóðr
case or casing of a book
bókhaʒə
#(OE = beech-hedge)
bókhord
treasury of books
library
bókhúƨ
bókisc
bookish, academic
bókiən wk. II
to book, enter in a book, register, record, make reservations for, etc.
bókkasnərə
bookcase
bókkräft
book-learning, erudition, scholarship, literary skill
bókkräfti adj.
learned, educated, scholarly
bókland
land held by written title (with bók in an old sense of “deed, charter”; this
word would today be only a historical word)
bóklik adj.
of books: literary, scientific, scriptural
literary or learned language
bóklädən
bókla̋ rə
teaching or instruction from books; lessons from books or reading
bókråd
red colour used in illuminating manuscripts, vermilion
bókréding
reading of books
selection to be read from a book
bókrédə
bókrédərə
reader of books
bókrëħt
(Historical) right given by will or charter
bókscoppə
bookshop
bookseller, book vendor
bóksellə
bókskelv
bookshelf
bókskrá
bibliography
bókstav
letter (of the alphabet, distinguished from numerals, punctuation, etc.)
bókstrı̋ n
mass or accumulation of books
bóktal
narrative written in a book
beech-tree
bóktre̋
bókta̋ cing
instruction in a book
bókung
booking
bókward
librarian
bókwud
beechwood
bókwërk
study of books
bókyəliƨə
philology, study of literature, scholarship, history, etc.
bókyəsamnung
collection of books
bókäkrəƨ
freehold lands
bókərisc adj.
scholarly
bókərə
scholar
bóm
boom (of a ship)
bón
boon, blessing, something one is grateful for
bóndə
freeholder, franklin
bóndəland or bóndland
land held by a freeholder or franklin
bóniən wk. II
to be a boon or blessing
bórlik
burly
bóst
boost
109
bóstən
to boost
bót
remedy; repair; amends; penance, atonement; compensation
bótiən wk. II
to atone for, make amends for
bótláƨ adj.
without remedy; irreparable; unpardonable
bótnən wk. I
to be restored
bótscoppə
(auto) repair shop, garage
bótwirðə adj.
reparable, pardonable
bótwítnung
purgatory
to improve, repair
bótətən wk. I
bóyung
flaunting, advertising
bóyən wk. II
to advertise, make obvious, flaunt
bózən wk. I
to swell out, project
bóð
booth, stall (for selling), kiosk
bóðl
chrysanthemum
bóʒ
upper arm; bough
humerus
bóʒbån
bóʒinkl
little bough
bóʒiən wk. II
(OE = būan)#
bóƨ
upper part of a cow-stall where the fodder is placed
bóƨi
cow-stall
woman’s breast
bóƨm
bóƨmi adj.
buxom
böystən wk. I
to beat up
böyʒl
hoop-shaped handle for a bucket or kettle; hoop-shaped support for holding
up the cloth of a canopy, etc. (= ‘bail’2 in Webster)
beech
bőcə
bőcən
beechen, made of beechwood
bőkən wk. I
to suffuse with genial warmth; to expose to the pleasurable warmth of sun,
fire, etc.
bőn
petition; application (e.g. for employment)
Rogation days
bőndaʒəƨ
bőnerð
ploughing required from a tenant
bőnfayt
noble deed
bőnfërm
#(OE = food during (or after) compulsory labour for the lord?)
to petition; (+ til) to apply for, apply to; üm a̋ w bőniən propose (marriage) to
bőniən wk. II
(dat.)
bőnlik adj.
that may be entreated
bőntíd
Rogation days (prayer time)
bőntíðə adj.
granting requests, gracious
bőnung
application (to a job, etc.)
bőnƨiən wk. II
to supplicate
bőnə
suitor, petitioner; applicant
bőting
repairs, maintenance
bőtnes
amendment; reparation, atonement
bőtə
one who makes amends
bőtən wk. I
to amend, repair, restore; to reform, rehabilitate, cure (of evil of any kind); to
make amends for, atone for
bőtənd
restorer
bőtərə
repairman
110
bőv
bőƨming
bőƨməd
bőƨmən wk. I
bú pl. bű
búcə
búdə
bújə
búk
búkiən wk. II
búlik adj.
búlə
bún adj.
búnes
búnən wk. I
búr
búrknëħt
búrkot
búrrecəd
búryəteld
búrþeyn
búskən wk. I
bústiħting
bústiħtərə
bút
bútiən wk. II
bútmetə
bútún
bútən
búyə
búʒl adj.
búʒldisk
búʒsum
búʒən str. II
búƨ
búƨən wk. I
búəl
búən wk. I
on or at (land, farm, etc.)
búənd
bücgən wk. I
bücgənd
büdl
büdläkr
büdn
büdnbotm
büfl
bügg
bügglik adj.
beef
curve, curvature; bellying, billowing (of sails, etc.)
bellied (of sails)
to curve, bulge; belly out, fill, billow (sail, sheet, curtain, clothing)
farm
allowance of victual granted by a king or noble to his household
silverfish
leather bag, bag made of hide or leather
trunk of the body, torso
to buck = to steep or boil in an akaline lye as a first step in buck-washing
agricultural; agrarian
marble (plaything)
set (= prepared, fixed, ready); (of bed) made
agriculture, farming
to set, make ready; set (the table), make (the bed)
apartment, flat
chamberlain, eunuch
cabin?
apartment building, block of flats
canopy covering a pavilion?
chamberlain (bedchamber attendant)
to perform maintenance (on a ship, airplane, vehicle), maintain (a vehicle)
agronomy, husbandry
agronomist
can (for beverages or canned food, = Brit. tin)
to can (foods)
canned goods, tinned goods, canned food, tinned food
farmstead; ranch
prep., adv. without (= not having); out of (= not having)
buoy
flexible, pliable
floppy disk
inclined to bend (also fig. of people)
to bend (intr.)
booze
to booze
bowel
to farm, live as a farmer, practise agriculture; bəbúən to practise agriculture
farmer, peasant, landworker, rustic
to buy
buyer
beadle, apparitor, warrant officer
land of a bydl
(oil-) drum, barrellike metal container
bottom of an (oil-)drum
(Eurasian) buffalo
a coarse kind of barley, with four rows on each head
commodious, habitable
111
büggnes
settlement (place of residence)
büggən wk. I
to settle (set up one’s residence in)
bülding
residency, occupancy, tenancy
resident, occupant
büldə
büldən wk. I
to occupy, reside in; inbüldən to take up residence (in), set up house (in),
move into
büljə
bilges of a ship (but not bilge sg., which = bilge water, see biljə)
büllə
bill (parliamentary document)
bült
elimination
bültən wk. I
to eliminate
bülʒə
billow (ON)
bün
doughnut
bünd
parcel, package
bür
force (phys.; force of nature, etc.)
bürd
a carrying, carriage, transportation (esp. the lifting and carrying part of it)
bürdijə, bürdəstrə
embroideress
bürding
embroidering
bürdling (berdling?)
tortoise
bürdscepə
carriage, vehicle, transport
bürdə adj.
well-born, of high rank or social status
to fringe, embroider
bürdən wk. I
büribold
mausoleum
bürilik
of or belonging to the burial of the dead, mortuary
bürilov
eulogy
bürile̋ ð
funeral hymn
bürines
burial
bürisang
dirge-singing
bürisïd
funeral
büriən wk. I
to pertain to, be associated with (+ acc.); to be proper to, befit (+ dat.); mé
bürəð I should, ought to; büriənd due (time, manner, course, humility, civility, care, etc. = appropriate, as is
fitting or required)
bürkwal
prolicide
bürlə
chest (of the body); thorax
bürnus
burnouse, burnoose
bürst
bristle
bürsti adj.
bristly
bürstən wk. I
to bristle
bürying
burial, burying
büryə
guarantor (or: bail, one who gives bail)
büryəlƨ
tomb, sepulchre
büryəlƨinwrit
epitaph (inscription)
̋
̋
büryəlƨleð, büryənleð
epitaph (composition in prose or verse, not the inscription)
büryəlƨsang, büryənsang
singing of the epitaph
büryən wk. I
to bury, inter
2
büryən
burying-place, grave, sepulchre
büryənd
burier, gravedigger
büryənstów
burying-place
büryərə
corpse-bearer
bürð
responsibility
112
bürði adj.
responsible
bürðl adj.
prolific, productive
bürðling
carrier
bürðrə
bearer, supporter
bürðtrügging
liability insurance
bürðən
burden; load, weight
bürðənméləm
one load at a time
bürðənmét
burdensome
bürðənstrang
strong at carrying burdens
bürðənstån
stone which bears a weight
bürðəstrə
female bearer or supporter
bürə
child = son or daughter, offspring
bürəliən wk. II
to attend to guests at parties, offer drinks and appetizers
bürələ
cupbearer; servant who serves drinks and hors-d’oeuvres at parties
bürəs
graving tool
büsk
busk = strip of wood, whalebone, steel, or other rigid material passed down
the front of a corset, and used to stiffen or support it
büstən wk. I
to trounce
bütliən wk. II
to build, erect
bütlung
building, construction, erection
builder
bütlə
bütming
hold of a ship
bütmə
opening of a valley or dale
büttə
canteen (flask)
büxən adj.
of boxwood
bend, curve
büyə
büyən
purchase
büðmə
underside
büħt
bay (of the sea)
Büƨant
Byzantium
Byzantine
Büƨantisc
bűgl
bugle
bűliħt
having a carbuncle or staphylococcus infection
bűlə
carbuncle, staphylococcus infection
cultivated, inhabited, occupied (opposed to deserted, desert, desolate, barren,
bűnə adj.
waste, etc.)
bűret
burette
bűrə
shed
bűti
booty (profit?)
bűƨn
example, pattern, model
bűƨniən wk. II
to give as an example
bűƨnung
example
bəprefix indicates 1) covering all surfaces, enveloping, encompassing,
surrounding; 2) conversion of an intransitive verb to transitive; 3) privation, deprivation; 4) specialized meaning
bəbaðiən wk. II
to bathe (tr.)
bəbindən str. III
to bind about, bind fast
bəblåwən str. VII
to blow upon
bəblédiən wk. II
to aspirate
bəblédung
aspiration
113
bəblődən wk. I
bəbod
bəboddäy
bəbodiən wk. II
bəbodrédən
bəbreydən str. III
bəbra̋ dən wk. I
bəbrëkən str. IV
bəbrúkən str. II
bəbéwən wk. I
bəbërkən str. III
bəbërʒən str. III
bəbërən str. IV
bəbe̋ dən str. I
bəbe̋ dənd
bəbe̋ dəndlik
bəbítən str. I
bəbúʒən str. II
bəbücging
bəbücgən wk. I
bəbürdən wk. I
bəbürines
bəbürying
bəbüryən wk. I
bəcantən wk. I
bəcarmən wk. I
bəcápiən wk. II
bəcärrən wk. I
bəcéping
bəcépingiðənscepə
bəcépən wk. I
bəcëriən wk. II
bəce̋ wən str. II
bəcídən wk. I
bədaggən wk. I
bədaƨən wk. I
bədelvən str. III
bədernən wk. I
bədervən wk. I
bədiħtən wk. I
bədotiən wk. I
bədrevliən wk. II
bədrinkən str. III
bədropiən wk. II
bədrépən wk. I
bədre̋ƨən str. II
bədrítən str. I
bədrívən str. I
bədrúʒiən wk. II
to cover with blood
injunction, an enjoining, authoritative command or prohibition
appointed day
to proclaim
authority, authoritative power
to feign, pretend
to expand over
to break throughout
to put into practice, make use of
to furbish all over
to bark at
to defend; to defend the actions, behaviour, beliefs, etc. of someone
to carry to, supply with
to enjoin
one who enjoins, enjoiner; authority, one responsible for something
injunctive
to bite all over
to turn from, avoid, abandon, shun, ignore
payment of a fee
to pay a fee for
to fringe, border
state of being buried under something (of living persons, or things)
burying (of something not dead)
to bury (something not dead, or in fig. senses, as with work, in shame)
to mesmerize
to enamour, infatuate
to bargain, haggle, wrangle
to turn on someone, desert; tergiversate
advertising, (with article) advertisement
advertising industry
to advertise (wares, products, merchandise, commercial stuff)
to murmur or complain murmuringly about
to chew upon
to berate, upbraid
to splash with clay, bemire
to desensitize; to dampen, dull (pain); to anaesthetize
to dig round
to conceal, suppress
to be problematic, trouble
to tax (in fig. senses), burden
to make to dote, make foolish
to dribble on (one’s beard e.g.)
to drink up, absorb
to cover or wet with drops
to moisten in drops
to let down, disappoint
to defecate upon, befoul with excrement
to follow up, pursue
to dry (fruits, vegetables)
114
bədwëliən wk. II
bədáwiən wk. II
bəda̋ lən wk. I
bəda̋ nə adv.
bədépən wk. I
bədéʒliən wk. II
bədéʒlung
bədíkiən wk. II
bədón anom.
bədúvən str. II
bədüdriən wk. II
bədüppən wk. I
bədüttən wk. I
bədűvən wk. I
bəebbiən wk. II
bəendiən wk. II
bəeyðən wk. I
bəfaldiən wk. II
bəfaldən str. VII
bəfallən str. VII
bəfar
bəfarən str. VI
bəfarənd
bəfasniən wk. II
bəfesting
bəfestən wk. I
engage (for)
bəfindən str. III
bəfiriən wk. I
bəflán str. VI
bəfle̋ n str. II
bəfle̋ tən str. I
bəfle̋ʒən str. II
bəflítən str. I
bəflóking
bəflókən str. VII
bəflówən str. VII
bəflődən wk. I
bəfobbən wk. I
bəforzing
bəforzingflokk
bəforzingmann
bəforzən wk. I
bəforħtiən wk. II
bəforən
bəfreyning
bəfreynən str. III
bəfräpiən wk. II
bəfre̋ƨən. str. II
to distract, cause (one’s mind) to wander, be seductive
to bedew
to separate from, deprive of, rob of
pretty, fairly, sufficiently
to steep
to obfuscate, keep difficult to see, perceive, or learn
obfuscation
to surround with a dike, embank, fortify
to garnish
to immerse, submerge (cause to dive)
to persuade or convince by deceiving
to treat to a dipping
to obstruct, occlude
to cause to plunge, sink, immerse, submerge
to leave aground by the ebb tide, strand in the ebb tide
to end, terminate (tr.)
to dig up by harrow
to enfold
to fold about, fold over (with), wrap, envelop
to befall; to fall to, be assigned to
tour; travelling (of a road, a sea)
to travel (tr.), e.g. travel a road; to tour (a country, city)
tourist
to bind to by contract
reservation (of a room, a restaurant)
to reserve (a room), make reservations for; to commit (something) to; to
to find (e.g. guilty), deem (e.g. intelligent)
to personify
to strip
to flee from, avoid, evade, escape
to drift around
to fly upon
to dispute (tr.), call into question
applause
to applaud
to flow around or over
to inundate
to fob off (a person)
enforcement
(sheriff’s) posse
enforcement officer
to enforce, put in force (a law, etc.)
to dread
prep., adv. in front of, in front
questioning, inquiry
to question
to beat about
to keep (food, provisions, etc.) frozen
115
bəfrísum
bəfríən wk. I
bəfríənd
bəfullən
bəfällən wk. I
bəfättiən wk. II
bəfäðmən wk. I
bəfévrən wk. I
bəfëlən str. III
bəfërʒiən str. II
bəfëħtən str. III
bəfe̋ n wk. I
bəfïkiən wk. II
bəfón str. VII
bəfótiən wk. II
bəfőrən wk. I
bəfőynes
bəfőyən wk. I
bəfüllən wk. I
bəfülyən wk. I
bəfűlən wk. I
bəgabbən wk.I
bəgalən adj.
bəgalən str. VI
bəgang
bəgangbalanzə
bəgangbank
bəgangbətåħtdiħt
bəgangdőmə
bəgangfar
bəgangflotə
bəgangfrídóm
bəgangfe̋ rðing
bəganglaknes
bəganglik
bəgangmann
bəgangnes
bəgangskól
bəgangstok
bəgangstrét
bəgangtulk
bəgangwér
bəgangzentr
bəgangən str. VII
bəgapən wk. I
bəgeng
bəgenglik adj.
bəgengnes
bəgenjə
liberative
to liberate, manumit
liberator
adv. completely, entirely, quite
to deprive of by killing, bereave
to fatten (?)
to encircle
to enfever (throw into a fever, of potions, etc.)
to entrust (something) to someone
to invigorate, exhilarate
to take by fighting
to deprive of money or property
to dupe
to contain, include, encase
to cut the feet off of
to cover (a distance) by marching
qualification (of a statement)
to qualify (a statement)
to fill all over
to persevere with
to pollute, defile, befoul
to mock
infatuated, prepossessed
to enchant, cast a spell on
business, trade, industry, commerce
balance of trade
commercial bank
trade commission
Chamber of Commerce
business trip
merchant marine, mercantile fleet
free trade
business quarter
trade deficit
of business, commercial
businessman
distance, extent, reach, scope
business school, business college
shopping centre
commercial street
commercial attaché
trade agreement
commercial centre
to cover (a distance), extend, reach
to gape at
routine (n.)
routine (adj.)
application, study
dealer
116
bəgetən str. IV
bəgiftən wk. I
bəginn
bəginnən str. III
bəgleddiən wk. II
bəglídən str. I
bəglı̋ wiən wk. II
bəgnaʒən str. VI
bəgnorniən wk. II
bəgnídən str. I
bəgravən str. VI
bəgreyðing
bəgreyðə
bəgreyðən wk. I
bəgrindən str. III
bəgriniən wk. II
bəgrippən wk. I
bəgripə
bəgriwən
bəgrorən adj.
bəgruccən wk. I
bəgråtən str. VII
bəgräviən wk. II
bəgrédən wk. I
bəgrípən str. I
bəgrówən str. VIII
bəgrőtən wk. I
bəgån anom.
deal in
bəgälwing
bəgälwən wk. I
bəgílən wk. I
bəgüldən wk. I
bəgürdən wk. I
bəhabbən wk. I
bəhabbəndlik
bəhaldnes
bəhaldən str. VII
bəhaldənd
bəhalv
bəhamliən wk. II
bəhammən
bəhangiən wk. II
bəhaspiən wk. II
bəhatiən wk. II
bəhattiən wk. II
bəhaʒ
bəhaʒiən wk. I
bəhellən wk. I
to obtain
to entrust with a gift of
commencement
to commence, begin
to bespeckle
to slide past, glide past
to mock lightly, poke fun at
to gnaw at
to mourn for
to rub thoroughly
to grave, sculpt, carve
upholstery (work)
upholstery (material)
to upholster
to mark with lines, grooves and holes caused by grinding
to ensnare, entrap (with a gin)
to clutch round
comprehension; sense (of a word)
steeped (in) (+ gen.)
overwhelmed
to begrudge
to weep over
to entrench
to cry out against
to comprehend
to grow around (of vegetation), grow over, overgrow
to welcome (as with a smile, etc.)
to go about, be occupied with; bəgån mid to deal with; bəgån in (+ dat.) to
(psychological) trauma
to traumatize
to beguile
to adorn with gold
to gird, surround with a belt, girdle, etc.
to comprise, include, contain, cover, subsume
inclusive
observation
to observe, watch (= observe doing something, guard)
observer
behalf
to mutilate
patched (of shoe), studded with nails
to hang about, loiter
to fasten with a hasp
to disapprove of
to cover with a hat
ease, comfort
to suit perfectly, not be a problem for
to wash by pouring
117
bəhelmiən wk. II
bəhemmiən wk. I
bəhenjən wk. I
bəheʒiən wk. II
bəhildən wk. I
bəhlemmən wk. I
bəhleħħən wk. I
bəhlápən str. VII
bəhla̋ nən wk. I
bəhle̋ tən str. II
bəhlídən str. I
bəhlíʒən str. I
bəhlőðən wk. I
bəhorsiən wk. II
bəhorwiən wk. II
bəhoʒ
bəhoʒful
bəhoʒhaʒə
bəhoʒiən wk. II
bəhoʒəd
bəhoʒədnes
bəhringən wk. I
bəhre̋ wən str. II
bəhre̋ƨən str. II
bəhrímən wk. I
bəhrı̋ wƨiən wk. II
bəhrı̋ wƨung
bəhrı̋ wƨungtíd
bəhrópən str. VII
bəhrúmiən wk. II
bəhwarv
bəhwälvən wk. I
bəhwärvən wk. I
bəhwërvən str. III
bəhádiən wk. II
bəhádung
bəháwən str. VII
bəhådiən wk. II
bəhåt
bəhåtland
bəhåtlik adj.
bəhåtwer
bəhåtwív
bəhåtən tr. VII
bəhåwiən wk. II
bəhävəd adj.
bəhävədnes
bəha̋ s
bəhépən, bəhépiən wk. II
to top off
to hem round
to decorate with hanging things
to hedge round
to combat
to dash together
to deride, exult over
to leap upon, settle on, fix upon
to lean on
to assign by lot
to cover, close, cover up, close up
to question, challenge
to rob by a gang
to deprive of horses
to defile with excretions
interest (in something or someone); bəhoʒ weccən to arouse interest
interested (in a subject, pastime, story, issue)
area of interest, an interest
to have an interest in, be interested in
interested (esp. financially, romantically, dutifully)
interest (esp. financial (interestedness), romantic, dutiful)
to encircle, surround with a ring
mek bəhre̋ wəð þå I am sorry for that
to divest of
to cover with hoarfrost
to repent of
repentance, repenting (of)
time of repentance, Septuagesima
to importune, harass (with shouting)
to coat (with), accidentally – bəhrúməd coated, dusted
interchange (of place, order), mix-up
to vault over, cover with a vault
to interchange, change around, mix up
to orbit; to circle attentively, lavish attention on someone
to behead
beheading
to cut off from (+ gen.)
to unfrock (a priest)
promise
promised land
promissory
fiancé
fiancée
to promise
to view
temperate, restrained
temperance, restraint
bidding, beck and call
to heap up, make heaps, on all sides of
118
bəhëliən wk. II
bəhëlən str. IV
bəhe̋ viən wk. II
bəhïndən
bəhïnən adv., prep.
bəhı̋ wiən wk. II
bəhón str. VII
bəhóv
bəhóviən wk. II
bəhóvlik adj.
bəhóvnes
bəhődən wk. I
bəhővlik adj.
bəhővnes
bəhővð
bəhővə adj.
bəhücgən wk. I
betər bəhücgən think better of
bəhüldən wk. I
bəhüllən wk. I
bəhürniən wk. II
bəhüyd
bəhüydi
bəhüydines
bəhüħtən wk. I
bəhűdnes
bəhűdən wk. I
bəhűring
bəhűrən wk. I
bəhűðlik
bəinsiyliən wk. II
bəjápən wk. I
bəkaccən wk. I
bəkalliən wk. II
bəkariən wk. II
bəkarkiən wk. II
bəkastən wk. I
bəkaħtlik adj.
bəkennən wk. I
divulge, declare, confess, admit
bəklappən wk. I
bəklartən wk. I
bəklemmən wk. I
bəklencən wk. I
bəklingən str. III
bəkla̋ mən wk. I
bəkla̋ nƨiən wk. II
bəklïpiən wk. II
bəklútiən wk. II
to bedeck in camouflage
to cover over, hide
to lament (tr.)
prep., adv. at the rear (of)
on this side (of)
to make appearances, pretend
to hang round
requirement, requisite
to require, take (need for some end or purpose)
mandatory, requisite
utility
to guard, protect, keep (from)
proper (behaviour, language, etc.)
propriety
necessity, demand
appropriate
to think (it, things) over, stop to think; óðərwíƨ bəhücgən change one’s mind;
to remove flesh from bones, as of a carcass
to veil all over, veil round about; to cloak
to hide in a corner
consideration, reflection, contemplation, second thoughts
thinking things over or through, contemplating, reflecting
tendency to think things over or through, contemplative nature
to regard with optimism
concealment (from all sides)
to hide all around, hide from all sides
offer for hire
to offer (a person) for hire
sumptuous
to stamp with a signet
to make sport of, ridicule
to embroil
to call upon
to be careful about?
to be anxious about
to cast about
Math. rational (number)
to identify (oneself, as); to make known or knowable or evident, reveal,
to embrace with a ‘clap’ sound
to foul up, louse up
to close in on, press from all sides
to hold fast
to bind (ingredients)
to paste all over or thoroughly
to clean the surface of
to call out to, address (loudly)
to cover with patches
119
bəklüpping
encompassing
bəklüppən wk. I
to encompass, hold
bəklűƨing
enclosure, cell; imprisonment
bəklűƨən wk. I
to lock up, imprison, shut up
bəknåwən str. VII
to get to know, familiarize oneself with
bəknëdən str. V
to knead thoroughly
bəknüttən wk. I
to tie knots in
bəkrustən wk.
to encrust
̋
bəkrepən str. II
to creep into
bəkumən str. IV
to come to pass, come about, happen (eventually)
bəkwiddiən wk. II
to bespeak
bəkwälmən wk. I
to torment over and over
bəkwëlən str. IV
#(OE = to die)
bəkwëðən str. V
to speak to, address, exhort
bəkwëðərə
interpreter, translator (one who speaks to or addresses someone in another
language)
to bring to life, bring alive, cause to live
bəkwïkiən wk. II
bəkäviən wk. II
to embellish all over
bəkërvən str. III
to sculpt all over, shape
bəkítən wk. I
to liquidate (a company, firm, business)
to refrigerate
bəkőlən wk. I
bəkőping
surveillance
bəkőpən wk. I
to surveil
bəkümlik adj.
eventual
bəkümə
eventuality
to lose power, run out of steam
bəkűmən wk. I
bəlang adj.
adjunct; accessory; auxiliary; ancillary
bəlangiən wk. II
to go along with, or accompany, as an adjunct, function, or duty; to be an
accessory; to assist
bəlecgən wk. I
to lay (a thing) about with other objects (by putting them around it), to
surround, environ, invest, enclose with; to lay with (a margin of gold, etc.); to beset with armed men, troops,
etc., line with armed men or troops
bəlendən wk., bəlandiən wk. II to deprive of lands
bəlenjə adj.
related to, pertaining to
to lie around, surround, hedge in, encompass; to beleaguer; to lie with, know
bəlicgən str. V
carnally; to lie near, be pertinent to
bəlimp
happening, affair, event, thing; ov bəlimpə by chance
bəlimpən str. III
to happen to, befall (+ dat.)
bəlinnən str. III
to quit, resign, give up
bəlisniən wk. II
to ravish, rape, rob of one’s virginity (and dignity); (with male as object) to
sodomize
bəlokkiən wk. II
to beguile, bewitch, charm, captivate, infatuate
bəlokkəd adj.
infatuated (with a person)
bəluviən wk.II
to be pleased with, approve, like
bəluvəd adj.
liked, popular, favourite; bəluvəd makiən ät ingratiate (someone) with
bəlán str. VI
to fault someone (for something)
bəlådiən wk. II
to come up with excuses for, apologize for
bəlådiənd
apologist
bəlådiəndlik
apologetic, making excuses
120
bəlådung
bəlåkən str. VII
bəläccən wk. I
bəla̋ dən wk. I
bəla̋ vən wk. I
bəla̋ wing
bəla̋ wə(nd)
bəla̋ wən wk. I
bəla̋ðən wk. I
bəlévən wk. I
bəlévəndə adj.
bəle̋ viən wk. II
bəle̋ʒən str. II
bəle̋ƨən str. II
bəlícəmiən wk. II
bəlícəmnes
bəlímən wk. I
bəlíviən wk. II
bəlívən str. I
bəlíðən str. I
bəlı̋ rən wk. I
bəlı̋ rəndlik
bəlókiən wk. II
bəlöynən wk. I
bəlúkən str. II
bəlútiən wk. II
bəlüfting
bəlüftən wk. I
bəlürting
bəlürtən
bəlüstən wk. I
bəlüstəndə adj.
bəlütʒiən wk. II
bəmankiən wk. II
bəmankəd adj.
bəmanniən wk.II
bəmarkiən wk. II
bəmarkung
bəmaƨiən wk. II
bəmeldiən wk. II
bəmeldərə
bəmudrən wk. I
bəmurkiən wk. II
bəmurnən str. III
bəma̋ lən wk. I
bəma̋ nən wk. I
bəmëtən str. V
bəmíðən str. I
bəmúriən wk. II
excuse-making, apology
to infest
to catch on (understand)
to usher
to leave about, leave lying
double-crossing
double-crosser
to double-cross, betray, deceive
to make hateful
to credit
creditable
to hold dear, love
to tell lies about, calumniate, defame
to be deprived of
to embody, give a body or corporeal form to
embodiment
to glue together
to deprive of life
to remain
to depart life, pass away, die
to pass by, pass over
passing, fleeting
to look at (fig. = consider), consider, give regard to
to refuse to answer (a question) tr.
to confine; to shut (a person) in or out
to lurk hidden
aeration, ventilation
to aerate, ventilate
hoax
to hoax
to appetize
appetizing
to allure; to present an illusion to
to incapacitate
incapacitated
to man, furnish with men
to remark, observe
remark, observation, comment
to fascinate
to report, bring word of
reporter (professional)
to cover with dirt
to fret about
to worry about
to talk about, converse about, discuss
to bemoan
to account, consider, reckon
to pretend not to see, overlook, pass over
to surround with an (exterior) wall
121
bəmútiən wk. II
bəmüldən wk. I
bənakiən wk. II
bənemnən wk. I
bənerwən wk. I
bəneytən wk. I
bənorðən
bənotiən wk. II
bənuʒən pret.-pres.
bəna̋ mən wk. I
bənéding
bənédlik, bənédsum
bənédən wk. I
bəne̋ tən str. II
bənïming
bənïmən str. IV
bənïðən
bənüttiən wk. II
bəpayingmót
bəpayən wk. I
bəpenniən wk. II
bəpre̋ niən wk. II
bəpa̋ cing
bəpa̋ cən wk. I
bəpa̋ cənd
bəpa̋ cəstrə
bəreccən
bərendən wk. I
bəreyniən wk. II
bəreyƨiən wk. II
bərindən wk. I
bərinnən str. III
bəriynən wk. I
bərobən wk. I
bəráviən wk. II
bəráviənd, bərávərə
bəra̋ dlik adj.
bəra̋ dən wk. I
bəra̋ dərə
bərécən wk. I
bərédən str. VII
bərédəndlik
bərékən str. II
bəréving
bərévən wk. I
bərévəndə adj.
bəréƨən wk. I
bəre̋ tən str. II
bəre̋ vən str. II
to change around (a room, e.g.)
to bury in drifts of soil or dust
to denude
to name (a price, conditions, something demanded), stipulate
to confine, enclose, hem in
to veto
to the north of
to capitalize on
to have enough of
to take away, get rid of
coercion
coercive
to coerce
to deprive of the use of, deny
deprival, removal, taking away of something
to take (something, gen.) away from (someone, acc.)
beneath
to utilize
showdown, reckoning (to settle a matter)
to settle (a debt, argument, etc.); refl. or intr. to settle (for)
to shut up in a pen
to pin up
cheating (of another)
to cheat (tr.)
one who cheats another
female cheater, adulteress
to justify, excuse
to excoriate
to mount (fix in a setting, on a slide, arrange for exhibition, affix)
to raid
to remove the outside of, strip, peel off, lay bare, expose, decorticate
to run along, run the length of, run over; to run (a distance, a race)
to rain upon
to rob of
to deplete
one who depletes, exploiter of resources
editorial
to edit
editor; bəra̋ dərən tówrit editorial
to breathe on, exhale (visibly) on
to deliberate on
deliberative
to smoke out, fumigate
(de)privation
to deprive
privative
to rush on or into or against
to mourn (tr.), mourn over
to bereave
122
bərídən str. I
bərímən wk. I
bərípən str. I
bəríƨən str. I
bərówən str. VII
bərűpən wk. I
bəsaltən str. VII
bəscadiən wk. II
bəscadwiən wk. II
bəscavən str. VI
bəsceldiən wk. II
bəscencən wk. I
bəscendən wk. I
bəsceriən wk. I
bəscildən wk. I
bəscilən wk. I
bəscrádiən wk. II
bəscráwiən wk. II
bəscrëpən str. V
bəscríkən wk. I
bəscrűdən wk. I
bəscuniən wk. II
bəscáwiən wk. II
bəscáwiəndlik
bəscáwung
bəscáwərə
bəscåd
bəscådən str. VII
bəscërən str. IV
bəsce̋ tən str. II
bəscímiən wk. II
bəscínən str. I
bəscítən str. I
bəscïpiən wk. II
bəscúvən str. II
bəscüttən wk. I
bəsellən wk. I
bəsendən wk. I
bəsenjən wk. I
bəsenkən wk. I
bəservən wk. I
bəserwən wk. I
bəsettən wk. I
(something else)
bəsibb adj.
bəsiftən wk. I
bəsilvrən wk. I
bəsingən str. III
bəsinkən str. III
to cover (a distance) by riding
to keep count of
to pluck the fruit of
to be fitting, suit
to row round
to rummage
to salt, add salt to
to shade
to overshadow
to shave all over, shave thoroughly
to shield
to tend to customers (who are drinking or eating)
to bring to a state of disgrace
to cut off from, excommunicate, disown, disinherit
to shield
to look askance
to trim
to demoralize
to pare all round
to shriek about
to invest (in literal senses)
to give the cold shoulder
to survey; fig. to think over, contemplate, reflect
contemplative
survey; fig. contemplation, reflection
surveyor
differentiation, distinction
to differentiate
to cut, clip, or trim (hair) all around, shear all around
to shoot (a person), shoot at (a target)
to irradiate
to shine on
to shed waste on; to litter on; to shed droppings on
to man or equip a ship
to dislocate, displant
to put a bolt on
to trade one thing for another
to dispatch, send around
to singe all over
to overwhelm (with water), engulf with water (of ships, etc.)
to serve diligently
to catch unawares, take by surprise, surprise, ensnare, defraud
to affix all over, set (things, decorations, hangings) round, set (things) all over
related
to sprinkle by sifting
to silver, adorn with silver
to sing of, vocalize
to be overwhelmed or engulfed by water
123
bəsittən str. V
bəsiħt
bəskarniən wk. II
bəskrift
bəskriftword
bəskrívən str. I
bəslabrən, bəslavrən wk. I
bəslumriən wk. II
bəslán str. VI
bəslépən str. VII
bəslévən wk. I
bəslítən str. I
bəsmirwən wk. I
bəsmittiən wk. II
bəsmitənnes
bəsmokiən wk. II
bəsmotrən wk. I
bəsmuddən wk. I
bəsmuttən wk. I
bəsmáyən wk. II
bəsmítən str. I
bəsmïðiən wk. II
bəsna̋ dən wk. I
bəsníwən str. I
bəsníðən str. I
bəsníðərə
bəsnütrən wk. I
bəsnüðiən wk. II
bəsolkən
bəsorʒ adj.
bəsorʒiən wk. II
of, that)
bəsorʒlik
bəspanən str. VI
bəsparriən wk. II
bəspatrən wk.
bəspittən wk. I
bəspottən wk. I
bəsprenjən wk. I
bəspra̋ dən wk. I
bəspréc
bəsprëkən str. V
bəspa̋ tən wk. I
bəspüriən wk. I
bəstadd
bəstalkiən wk. II
bəstandən str. VI
bəstariən wk. II
bəstellən wk. I
to occupy, take possession of by settlement
visit (to a doctor, professional); rendezvous; provision; attention
to treat with scorn
description
adjective
to describe
to beslaver, salivate on
to cover (with something dirty, foul or undesirable)
to deprive of by violence
#(OE = to sleep)
to slip on, slip into
to slit all over
to anoint
to contaminate
#
to envelop with smoke
to seal with mud (as a straw hut, etc.)
to blight, spoil, infect (esp. fig.)
to besmut
to consider carefully, weigh all options
to besmear, bedaub
to work in (metals)
to circumcise
to cover with snow, snow in, snow under
to operate on, perform surgery on
surgeon
to rationalize
to take a swipe at
stupefied, dull, inactive, slow
effort, trouble, inconvenience
to trouble (oneself), go to pains, take pains (that), see to it (that), take care (to,
taking pains, very careful and diligent
to brainwash
to bar up, shut (up)
to bespatter
to spit upon
to bespot
to besprinkle
to bespread
mention(ing)
to speak about; to mention, speak of
to douse
to delve into
in place, in the right position, set
to stalk
to stand round or about, beset, surround (by standing); to beset, harass
to stare at
to position, put in a pose
124
bəstelnes
position, pose
bəstemniən wk. II
to voice (consonants); to endow with a voice
bəsteppən wk. I
to step on, step upon
bəstingən str. III
to thrust in, insert
bəstiyə
mounting (of a horse, etc.), embarkation, boarding (of ship, vehicle), ascent
(of throne) (action of bəstíʒən)
bəstoniən wk. II (?) wk. I
to be astonished at
bəstonung
astonishment, amazement
bəstrewiən wk. II
to bestrew
bəstreydən str. III
to bestrew, scatter things on, besprinkle
bəstrépən wk. I
to strip, plunder, raid (e.g. the kitchen)
bəstréyən wk. I
to coat (e.g. with breadcrumbs, soot, sand)
bəstrëkiən wk. II
to streak, mark
bəstrídən str. I
to bestride, mount
bəstríkən str. I
to brush all over (as with a paintbrush), coat (e.g. with paint, icing, oil,
lubricant, plaster, mortar, etc.)
to strip of all possessions, make destitute
bəstrúdən str. II
bəstrüþþən wk. I
to dot (with, e.g. of a landscape)
bəstuddiən wk. II
to be careful for, trouble about
̋
bəstalən wk. I
to charge (someone dat.) with (something gen.)
to adorn with stones
bəsta̋ nən wk. I
bəstémən wk. I
to immerse in steam, steam (vegetables)
bəstëkən str. V
#(ME = to shut, cf. stëkən)
bəstëlən str. IV
to move stealthily, steal away, steal upon (or: rob, steal from, as in the other
Germanic languages?)
to ascend, climb (tr.); to mount (a horse, animal, bicycle), embark, board, go
bəstíʒən str. I
aboard (a ship, vehicle), ascend (throne)
bəstı̋ pən wk. I
to deprive of (children)
bəstówiən wk. II
to put (somewhere) in storage, store (up)
bəstüntən wk. I
to check, rein in
to bestir, rouse into activity
bəstüriən wk. I
bəstürmən wk. I
to overwhelm as with a storm, storm (tr.)
bəsunniən wk. II
to expose to the sun, to insolate
bəsunnung
exposure to the sun, insolation
to engulf
bəswelʒən str. III
bəswemmən wk. I
to water (an animal), pour water on, douse
bəswencən wk. I
to beset (a person)
bəswenkən wk. I
to take pains
bəsweðiən wk. II
to swathe round
bəswik
treachery, deceit, fooling, duping
bəswikfallə
trap
bəswiliən wk. II
to replenish with drink
bəswingən str. III
to flog all over, scourge all over
bəswinkən str. III
to toil for, labour for, make with toil
bəswåpən str. VII
to engross, enmesh
bəswa̋ pən wk. I
to bundle up
bəswa̋ tən wk. I
to drench with sweat
bəswélən wk. I
to set fire to
bəswíking
fooling, duping, deception
125
bəswíkən str. I
to be false to; to fool, dupe, deceive, mislead
bəswíkənd
one who dupes or fools
bəswïkiən wk. II
to be unfaithful or disloyal to
bəswïkl
tending to fool
bəswïkə
false friend
bəswïkənnes
state of being fooled or duped
bəsåriən wk. II
to grieve (someone, tr.), pain (someone)
bəsårʒiən wk. II
to feel sorry for
bəsårʒung
compassion (feeling sorry for someone)
bəsåwən str. VII
to sow about
bəsäcgən wk. I
to recite
bəsäyən
recital (speech), recitation
bəsa̋ yən wk. I
to take down
bəséjən wk. I
to besiege
bəsétiən wk. II
to lie in wait for
to see (a doctor, a paramour), go to see, visit; to see to, attend to, make
bəse̋ n str. V
provision that; to look to, give heed to, pay attention to
bəse̋ðən str. II
to immerse in boiling water, poach
bəsídən prep., adv.
beside
bəsídənsettən wk. I
to juxtapose
#(OE = to rush)
bəsíʒən str. I
bəsïdiən wk. II
to regulate the size or quality of anything
bəsïʒriən wk. II
to be victorious over, defeat, triumph over
bəsı̋ wən wk. I
to sew into something (acc.)
bəsókn
visitation (upon a people, etc.)
to cover with soot
bəsótiən wk. II
bəsőcən wk. I
to beseech
bəsőkən wk. I
to come to, visit; visit, assail, afflict, inflict
bəsőmən wk. I
to fit in (with)
bəsúpən str. II
to sup up, swallow (?)
to besmirch
bəsútiən wk. II
bəsúðən
to the south of
bəsüliən wk. II
to spoil, make a mess of
bətakən str. VI
to consign, relegate
to shelter, cover (as with a tent or awning)
bəteldən str. III
bətellən wk. I
to defend oneself (against a charge), answer, exculpate oneself
bətimbrən wk. I
to build up (an area)?
bətirwən wk. I
to pitch, stain a dark colour
bətiħlən wk. I
to accuse
bətrappən wk. I
to entrap, take in a trap
bətravaylən wk. I
to excruciate
bətrendən wk. I
to circle (tr.)
bətrëdən str. V
to tread upon
bətrı̋ wðiən wk. II
to betroth
bətrümmən wk. I
to blockade
bətrűflən wk. I
to make light of
bətucən wk.I
to touch up
bəturniən wk. II
to turn about (intr.)
bətwix adv., prep.
between
126
bətwı̋ nən adv., prep.
meanwhile, in the meantime
bətáʒ
relations; (on gódəm oþþə üvləm) bətáʒə (on good or bad) terms;
allþe̋ dbətáʒ international relations
bətåkniən wk. II
to betoken, indicate, signify
bətåħtdiħt
commission (= authority committed or entrusted to any one, delegated
authority in some office, function, etc.; also warrant by which an officer in the army or navy exercises
command)
bətåħtdiħtiən wk. I
to commission
bətåħtflokk
commission (body of commissioners)
bətåħtmann
commissioner, commissary, delegate
bətävlən wk. I
to overcome in gambling
bəta̋ cing
assignment (duty), task, job, duty
bəta̋ cən wk. I
to instruct (someone to do something), entrust (someone with something),
assign (someone something)
bəta̋ knən wk. I
to represent, betoken
representative (portraying)
bəta̋ knəndə adj.
bətémən wk. I
to think fit or proper (v. beteem in OED)
bətéyən wk. I
to involve (in something, with something or someone)
bəte̋ n str. II
to draw over (as a covering); to pull at; to employ, spend, bestow (time, pains,
etc.); to bring about, arrange, manage
to tend to, cherish, cultivate, work to produce
bətïliən wk. II
bətïlung f.
tending, husbandry, care, culture
bətı̋ n str. I
to impeach
bətóvrən wk. I
to spellbind, fascinate
bətüllən wk. I
to decoy
to turn round (tr.)
bətürnən wk. I
bətűning
enclosure
bətűnən wk. I
to surround (as a wall, fence, hedge), enclose
bəwadən str. VI
to emerge
bəwakiən wk. II
to be or stay awake around: to watch, guard
to afforest
bəwaldiən wk. II
bəwaldung
afforestation
bəwaldən str. VII
to be in charge of, direct, command
bəwaldənd
director, executive, chief
to roll, toss (tr. )
bəwalkən str. VII
bəwalliən wk. II
to surround with a rampart
bəwallən str. VII
to immerse in boiling or bubbling water
bəwalwiən wk. II
to wallow about
bəwapiən wk. II
to delude by arousing astonishment, wonder, amazement, etc.
bəwardiən wk. II
to keep a close eye on
bəwariən wk. II
to be on one’s guard against, guard against
bəwarniən wk. II
to take warning, take heed?
bəwaxən str. VI
to grow into
bəwaytən wk. I
to watch for
bəweddiən wk. II
to betroth, engage (to be married)
bəweddung
betrothal, engagement (to be married)
bəwendən wk. I
to turn about
bəwering
warding off, keeping away, repulsion
bəweriən wk. I
to ward off, keep away, keep out, prevent, repulse
127
bəweriənd
one who wards off or keeps away: protector, defender
bəwerlən wk. I
to give a wide berth to
bəwestən
to the west of
bəweylən wk .I
to bewail
bəwicciən wk. II
to bewitch
bəwimplən wk. I
to cover with a wimple
bəwindlə
perimeter
bəwindən str. III
to wind (a thing) about; to involve, envelop with (bands, etc.)
bəwinnən str. III
to put up a fight (for, against)
bəwirking
effect, result
bəwirkmaħt
efficacy
bəwirkən wk. I
to effect; take effect; bring into or put in operation, make operative; make
work, cause to function; cause to be successful, cause to succeed
effective, efficacious
bəwirkəndə adj.
bəwirðing
valuation
to valuate, set a value on
bəwirðən wk. I
bəwist
regalement; haute cuisine
bəwistiən wk. II
to regale
bəwixlən wk. I
to change, substitute, switch
bəwlappən wk . I
#
to gaze upon
bəwlåtiən wk. II
bəwlítən str. I
to look at or consider in a general or comprehensive way, survey
bəwrappən wk. I
to bewrap
bəwrencən wk. I
to connive against, involve in a scheme or scam
bəwriyənnes
state of being covered up
to avenge
bəwrëkən str. V
bəwrëðiən wk. II
to stay (something, tr.)
bəwrítən str. I
to write about, document
bəwríðən str. I
to twine (something) round, wreathe (something) round
bəwrı̋ n str. I
to cover up
to tell on, rat on, betray
bəwrőyən wk. I
bəwun adj.
wont
bəwundriən wk. II
to marvel (at)
bəwundrung
marveling
to blow upon (of wind, sand, snow, dust, etc.)
bəwåwən str. VII
bəwåʒiən wk.II
to enclose by (interior) walls
bəwällən wk. I
to disquiet, ferment (emotions)
bəwälwən wk. I
to roll over
bəwäynə
proceeds
bəwäynən wk. I
to proffer
bəwa̋ lən wk. I
to harass
̋
bəwavən wk. I
to enshroud
bəwa̋ yən wk. I
to promise falsely
bəwépniən wk. II
to supply with arms
bəwétən wk. I
to hydrate
bəwëniən wk. II
to treat (a certain way; treat someone to something)
bəwërk
preparation, processing, production
bəwërkən wk. I
to work (something), work on, process
bəwërpən str. III
to pelt (someone)
128
bəwërðiən wk. II
bəwërðung
bəwëvən str. V
bəwëʒən str. V
bəwíkiən wk. II
bəwílən wk. I
bəwítən str. I
bəwïtiən wk. II
bəwïtən pret.-pres.
bəwïtərə
bəwïʒliən wk. II
bəwópənlik
bəwőld
bəwőpən wk. I
bəwürcing
bəwürcingkust
bəwürcən wk. I
produce, make, manufacture
bəyeldən str. III
bəyelpən str. III
bəyondən adv., prep.
bəyonən adv., prep.
bəyémən wk. I
bəyémən, bəyéming
bəyét
bəyëtən str. V
bəyëving, bəyëvnes
bəyëvən str. V
bəye̋ tən str. II
bəyínən str. I
bəyómriən wk. II
bəákniən wk. II
bəa̋wniən wk. II
bəécnes
bəécən wk. I
bəéyəðiən wk. II
bəövƨiən wk. II
bəƨamplən wk. I
bəþank
bəþankl adj.
bəþarvlik
bəþarvən wk. I
bəþarvəndə adj.
bəþeccən wk. I
bəþencən wk. I irreg.
bəþenkən wk. I
bəþennən wk. I
bəþrescən str. III
bəþringən str. III
to value
valuing
to complicate, involve (something in something else)
to matter, have weight
to set up camp on, encamp on
to overcome by wiles, ruses, etc.
to look after
to oversee, supervise
to superintend, administer
supervisor, superintendent
to overcome by witchcraft, clairvoyance, divining, or augury
lamentable, to be cried over
contaminated, polluted, unsafe (for drinking or eating, or swimming in e.g.)
to cry over, bewail, mourn
production
production cost
to produce, give rise to; to bring about, make happen; to produce (a film); to
to pay for
to boast of
on the other side of, beyond
beyond (in fig. senses), past
to monitor, keep an eye on; (+ dat.) to look after, take care of; to attend to
care, attention, monitoring
acquisition
to come into possession of, acquire
concession
to concede
to pour over, infuse, flood with, cover with fluid
to engulf
to complain about, grumble about
to impregnate
to join in marriage, marry
augmentation
to augment
to insulate
to clip round
to moralize about
thoughtfulness, consideration
thoughtful, considerate
needed, in demand
to have need of
needy, indigent
to cover over, bedeck
to weigh in the mind, ponder
to consider
to stretch on, stretch over, cover
#(OE = to winnow, thresh)
to close in (on)
129
bəþroħtiən wk. II
to substantiate
bəþrátiən wk. II
to come down on (someone for something)
bəþråwən str. VII
to entwist
bəþrïdiən wk. II
to circumvent
bəþrówiən wk. II
to excruciate, torment, torture; bəþrówiənd excruciating
bəþrüccən wk. I
to compact (e.g. snow)
bəþrüħt adj.
compacted, compact (e.g. snow)
bəþrűən wk. I
to encumber; beset; afflict
bəþurvən pret.-pres.
to be out of, be low on, need more of
bəþwiriən wk. II
to deprave
bəþwágraysə
moisturizer, moisturizing cream
bəþwál
moisturization (of skin, hair)
bəþwán str. VI
to moisturize (the skin, hair), massage (onto the skin or hair)
bəþı̋ding, bəþı̋dnes
interpretation; reading (of dreams, cards, body language, etc.); explanation (of
a mystery or arcane knowledge)
bəþı̋dscepə
erudition, arcane knowledge
bəþı̋dən wk. I
to interpret; explain (a mystery, something very difficult to understand, etc.);
read (dreams, cards, body language, etc.)
bəþóħt
consideration
bəþüncən wk. I
to seem right or good
compression
bəþűwing
bəþűwən wk. I
to compress
aldrdaʒəƨ
era, epoch, age, period, characteristic time
ax
axe
caggə
buckthorn (genus Rhamnus)
to snap the teeth; to make a sound similar to this
cakkən wk. I
calandr
a bird of the lark kind
caliz
chalice
calon
sleeping bag
calonjə
false accusation
to accuse falsely, make a false accusation against
calonjən wk. I
calonjənd
false accuser
cambr
chamber
camfr
chamfer
campartyə
affiliate, affiliation
campayn
country (not town, for which land may also be used, just as land can also =
country = territory = þe̋ d)
campaynisc adj.
provincial (manners, speech)
campaynlik adj.
rural
campaynlív
rural life, pastoral life; as prefix = pastoral
campyon
champion
campən wk. I
to chomp, champ
candlər
shopkeeper, chandler
canjən wk. I
to change (one for something else, substitute something different) (whereas
sciftən means to substitute with another of the same kind); to become different, change (but this also inwendən
and others); to make different, change (but this also inwendən and others)
canjəndlik adj.
changeable, mutable
canjəndnes
changeability, mutability, vicissitude
cant
a chant
130
cantən wk. I
to chant
cantəryə
chantry
cantərə
chanter
canzl
chancel
canzə
odds, chances
canzələr
secretary (to a king or nobleman); Secretary
canəl
gutter (along the side of a road or street)
capp
chap (in the skin)
‘chops’, cheeks and jaws, lower part of the face
cappə
cappən wk. I
to chap, crack (used esp. of the skin, lips)
captər
chapter (of a book)
capəlayn
chaplain
capələ
chapel
capəron
chaperone
carbukl
carbuncle (precious stone)
carjə
charge (in sense ‘responsibility, oversight’)
carjən wk. I
to charge (with a duty, task, imposition, burden, tax)
carki
jerked beef
carmful
charming, attractive, entertaining
carmláƨ
without charm, unattractive, unentertaining
charm
carmə
carmən wk. I
to charm
carnəl
charnel(-house)
carri/carrukə
barouche
carrə
carriage (wheeled vehicle kept for private use for driving in, especially an
elegant four-wheeled vehicle having accomomodation for four persons inside, and drawn by two or more
horses)
carrət
chariot (= triumphal car, car of state)
cartr
charter, deed, title (document granting or proving ownership of land)
cartə
chart
caryot
truck (vehicle for transport)
cat
samara (seed/fruit of the elm, ash, maple, etc.)
catl
chattel, item of movable property; without article chattels, movable goods or
property
catr
chatter
catriən wk. II
to chatter
cattən wk. I
to chat
caviən wk. II
to separate the chaff from
cawd adj.
cooking, being cooked
cawdron
a dish of entrails
cawfən wk. I
to chafe
cawl
creel (lobster-trap, etc.)
cayn
chain
caynballwïħt
streptococcus
caynən wk. I
to enchain
cayr
armchair
cayƨl
camisole
cayƨon
occasion, cause, reason (to do something, say something, etc.)
caħħə
jackdaw
131
caħħəting
caħħətən wk. I
ced
cek
celdə
emotionlessness, listlessness
celdən wk. I
celi adj.
cellistə, cellolåkərə
cello
cellə
celwartə
celə
cemiƨ
cemné
centawr
centawryə
centur
ceriscən wk. I
cerlik
cerm
cermən wk. I
cern
cert
certərə
cerub
cervələ
cervən wk. I
cest
cestən
cestəntre̋
cetl
cetlflódə, cetlwällə
cetlhrúm
cetwór
cevalri
achievements
cevalrisc
cevanzə
ceviscən wk. I
cevəs
cevəsborən adj.
cevəsdóm
cevəshåd
cevəsyəmånə
cibulə
cild (pl. cildr)
cildfar
cildfődəndə adj.
loud laughter, guffawing
to guffaw, laugh loudly
ship’s boat (dinghy, pinnace)
cheque
lifelessness, bleakness, barrenness; motionlessness; spiritlessness,
to deaden, dull, dampen, dispirit, devitalize
chilly
cellist
cello
brazier (flat pan or tray for holding burning charcoal)
goosebump; pl. celwartən goosebumps
chill
chemise
chimney
centaur
centaury (plant)
centurion
to cherish
charlock, field-mustard
hullabaloo, noise, shouting
to cry out, complain loudly and vocally, make a noise (about)
sweet wine boiled down to increase the flavour
wild common land
charioteer
cherub
chervil
to double over (as in pain)
suitcase, briefcase
chestnut
chestnut-tree
cauldron
bubbling spring
kettle-soot
weir for catching fish
military art of knights, knightly skill and practice in arms and martial
practising military art of knights
raising of money
to work out (for the better)
concubine
bastard (adj.), illegitimate
fornication
status of being a concubine
fornication, intercourse with concubines
Allium fistulosum, stone-leek, rock onion, Welsh onion
infant, baby (also ‘fetus’ in mid cildə ‘with child’)
#(OE = carrying of children)
nursing
132
cildfőstrə
nurse, nanny
cildhamə
afterbirth
cildhåd
infancy
cildhåm
nursery (for infants)
cildisc adj.
infantile (in behaviour, character)
to give birth to children, bring forth children
cildiən wk. II
cildklåðəƨ pl.
swaddling-clothes
cildkradl
cradle (= kradl)
cildlik adj.
of infancy, infantile (in features, characteristics)
cildrəmessdäy
Childermas, Innocents’ Day (Dec. 28)
cildward
babysitter (of infants)
cildwäyn
baby carriage, perambulator, pram
cildyung adj.
infant (adj.)
age of infancy
cildyuʒəð
cildƨiən wk. II
to be infantile, act like a baby
infantile behaviour
cildƨung
cildƨə
puerility
cili
chili
cillən wk. I
to chill (foods)
cilvr, cilvrlamb
ewe-lamb, female lamb
cimb
chime, chimb (the projecting rim at the ends of a cask, formed by the ends of
the staves); any similar lip or rim, on any vessel, especially when at the bottom of the vessel; cf. also bulwerk
cimbing
commissure
cimbiən wk. II
to chime
cimblən wk. I
to bind up, bundle
cimbstån
base, pedestal
joining-iron?
cimbíƨərn
cimbəl
chime (of a bell)
cimbən wk. I
to join, meet, form a commissure
cimpanƨé
chimpanzee
cinc
skimpy, scanty
to skimp
cinciən wk. II
cincíya
chinchilla
ciniħt adj.
cracked, chinky
cink
chink (sound)
cinkiən wk. II
to gasp convulsively for breath, lose one’s breath spasmodically in coughing
or laughing
cinkung
convulsive laughter or coughing
cinkən wk. I
to chink (sound)
cinn
chin
cinnbërʒ
chin-guard
cinntóð (pl. -tőð)
lower incisor
cinnən str. III?
to dehisce
cint
chintz
cinə
chink, fissure, crack, cleft, chasm
cipmunk
chipmunk
cipp
chip (of wood, stone, or other hard material)
cippən wk. I
to chip
circbellə
church-bell
133
circbrücə
circbók (pl. -bők)
circbót
circdur
circfrïð
circfultəm
circgang
circgrið
circhatə
circhåd
circhålʒung
circhärrə
circhíwə
circland
circlik adj.
circmangung
circmittə
circmérƨung
circnéd
circnüttə
circraʒ
circrán
circsang
circsangərə
circscätt
circsókn
circtíd
circtún
circward
circwarə
circwåʒ
circwäccə
circwéd
circyërn adj.
circyəmånə
circyəriħtə
circa̋ w
circþeyn
circþeynung
circþing
circþingərə
circə
cirkiən wk. II
cirkl
cirlisc adj.
cirn
cirnən wk. I
cirƨ
cirƨtre̋
sacrilege
church-book, manual of the church services
repair of churches
church-door
sanctuary, special protection (in or by a church)
support from the church
going to church, church attendance
sanctuary, refuge (in a church)
church-hater, church-tormentor, persecutor
an order of the church
consecration of a church
presbyter
sexton
land of the church
ecclesiastical
simony
church measure, of ale
dedication of a church
requirements of the church
church service
church lichen or moss
rapine of a church
church-singing, hymns
church-singer
money for the church, contribution
attendance at church
service-time
= kirktún
church-custodian
article from a church
wall of a church
church-vigil
vestment
zealous in church-going
church-membership
church-due
marriage to the church (as when one takes orders)
minister of a church
church-duty or service
#(late OE = object belonging to a church)
priest, intercessor for God
church (organization, society)
to chirp, twitter
orbit of a heavenly body
boorish, uncultured, uncivilized, uncouth, uneducated, unrefined, etc.
churn
to churn
cherry
cherry-tree
134
cisl
cist
cistiən wk. II
citrən wk. I
cittə
civriən wk. II
ciƨl
sea-beach)
ciƨlbérə adj.
ciƨlstån
cokiən wk. II
cokkən wk. I
cokolat
cokə
collə
copp
coppən wk. I
cow
coyƨ
coyƨən wk. I
cubb
cubbi adj.
cuffsprék
cuffə
cuffən wk. I
cuggən wk. I
cukk
cukkən wk. I
cuklən wk. I
cullən wk. I
cum
cumi
cump
cunk
cák
cákborə
cáp
cápdäy
cápiən wk. II
cápknëħt
cápland
cápmann
cápscaml
cápscip
cápstedə
cápstrét
cápstów
cápung
cápyeld
little chest (that swings open vertically like a large chest)
chest (box)
to lock up in a chest, box, or other sealed container
to chitter
young bear, lion, tiger, etc.
to chatter, of the teeth
fine, often rounded gravel (such as used on decorative walkways, also on the
gravelly, shingly
gravel-stone
to choke (on food, not with the hands, for which kwerkn)
to strike heavily, come against with a shock
chocolate
chock (for mooring)
head of a fish
chop
to chop
gum(s) of the mouth
choice, selection, options, pick (=what can be chosen from)
to opt for
chub (fish)
chubby
patois
boor, bumpkin
to aggrandize, magnify (a person)
to chug
chuck of a lathe, etc.
to throw underhand, ‘chuck’
to chuckle
to manipulate (someone)
chum
chummy
a short thick lump of wood chopped or sawn off from timber; an end-piece
chunk
pitcher
#(OE = yoke for buckets, but cák = ‘pitcher’ in this descendant)
a bargain, deal
market-day
to bargain, trade, traffic in
bought servant, slave (who is a youth)
purchased land
trader, dealer
bargaining-stool
trading vessel, merchant ship
site of a bargain?
market-street
market (in concrete sense)
trade, trafficking
payment or money to seal a bargain, purchase money, purchase payment
135
cápə
(see chape in OED) chape; hood for a nozzle, spout, or gunstock
cár
pulp
cás
chase
cást adj.
chaste
cástiən wk. II
to chasten
cástnes
chastity
cástung
castening
cásən wk. I
to chase
cáw
act of chewing
cáwtóð
molar
cáƨ
quarrel, argument
cáƨ2
cavity of a gun barrel; gun barrel or stock; Hist. the hollow furrow or gutter
on a crossbow wherein the arrow lies
argumentative, contentious
cáƨful adj.
cáƨlungr adj.
quick to argue or quarrel, hotheaded
excuse
cåƨ
cäffinc
chaffinch
cäld adj.
lifeless, bleak, barren, sterile; motionless, static; spiritless, emotionless,
listless
cäldhërt adj.
cold (of heart, of feeling, of emotions), frigid (sexually)
cälk
chalk
cälkiən wk. II
to coat in chalk
cälkpütt
chalk-pit
cälkstån
chalk ore
cälksáð
chalk-pit
cälliən wk. II
to hail, call out to
cäri adj.
chary (but in common use, unlike the English word)
cärkiən wk. II
to creak, moan (give a low creaking or moaning sound due to settling,
friction, etc.)
cärkətən wk. I
to make a grinding or gnashing sound
cärm
row, squabble, commotion
cärr
turn, rotation, shift
cärrdnes
state of being reoriented
cärring
orientation, reorientation
to turn oneself; to orient, reorient (tr., or oneself intr.); (of person) to turn
cärrən wk. I
around, turn back; (in army) to about face (often yäyncärrən)
cästr
walled town or city
cästrbúənd
farmer for a walled city or town
cästrherpäð
main road approaching a walled city or town
cästrhlid
city gate
cästrhov
inn within a (walled) town or city
cästrisc adj.
civilized
cästrlik adj.
civil (pertaining to citizens, their government, etc.)
cästrmúr, cästrwall
city wall
cästrwíc
quarter or district of a walled city or town
cästrwər
citizen of a walled town or city
cästräsc
black hellebore
cäv
chaff
cävl
mandible
136
cävlådl
disease of the mandible
cävr
chafer
ca̋ t
illegal acquisition
ca̋ tən wk. I
to acquire illegally
ca̋ tən2 wk. I
to untrouble
ca̋ vən wk. I
to fare
ca̋ ƨarsnid
caesarian section
cékbån
jawbone
cékådl
jaw-ache
cékə
(lower) jaw
cén
pinecone
cépdäy
market day
céphúƨ
store, shop, place of retail (esp. one in a separate building or a large room)
céping
marketing
cépisc adj.
mercantile
céplik adj.
for sale, vendible
cépmann (pl. -menn), cépərə
marketer
cépþing
(item of) merchandise
cépə
merchant
cépən wk. I
to market
marketer, vendor
cépənd
cér adj.
expensive
cér
mood, state of emotions
cétə
cubicle
cév
chief, head
céydnes
appellation
céying
calling, naming
céynes
appellation
céyword
noun, substantive
céyən wk. I
to call (by a word, name, or similar identification, identify, delimit, e.g. call a
batter’s swing a strike or ball), name; avcéyən call off, cancel; ancéyən invoke)
céyəndlik adj.
vocative (OE with ʒe-)
céyərə
(‘one who calls’) namer?
céƨfät
cheese vat
cheese-cake
céƨkakə
céƨláp
cheese-basket
céƨlübb
rennet
céƨstikkə
cheese-stick
céƨwïkə
the last week in which cheese was allowed to be eaten before Lent
céƨwürħtə
cheese-maker
céƨyərunn
curd-like mass
céƨə
cheese
cëd
package, close-fitting bag
cëldrə
carton (OE = milkpail)
cëlr
double chin
cëlwärk
pain in the throat
cëlə
esophagus, gullet
cëləƨ pl.
cold wind(s)
cëri adj.
disgruntled
137
cëriən wk. II
to complain mutteringly
cërl
common man, man of the people (in contradistinction to the nobility, clergy,
royalty, military), man without rank or title
cërlborən adj.
low-born, not noble, clerical, royal, or military
cërlfolk
common people
cërlisc adj.
simple, unsophisticated, ordinary
cërliən wk. II
to marry (take a husband)
cërllik adj.
common, of the common people
cërlmann (pl. -menn)
commoner
cërlstrang adj.
strong like a common man
to jar, to strike discordantly
cërrən (pret. carr, currən, pptl. corrən) str. III
cërung
muttered complaining
cëvlən wk. I
to trip, mince (words)
cëƨl
gizzard
ce̋ l
ship’s hull, the body of a ship excluding sails, mast, and rigging
deck of a ship (= þël)
ce̋ lþël
ce̋ wən (pret. cáw, cuwən, pptl. cowən) str. II
to chew
ce̋ƨən (pret. cáƨ, cuƨən, pptl. coƨən) str. II to choose
cícə
chickpea
cíding
scolding
to scold
cídən wk. I
cídərə
scolder
Cíle
Chile
Cílisc adj.
Chilean
Cína
China
Cínisc
Chinese
cínən str. I
to crack, chink, fissure, split
cíplák
onion
cípə
onion
cípən wk. I
to cheep
operculum (gill-covering)
cíwriyəlƨ
cíð
style (of a flower)
cíðfäst adj.
fixed to the style of a flower
cíə
gill (of a fish)
folder
cïnə
cı̋ kən
young chicken
cı̋ trling
chitterlings (or: souse?)
cı̋ ƨ adj.
fastidious, finicky, fussy
cı̋ ƨnes
fastidiousness, finickiness, fussiness
cüklops
cyclops
cümbal
cymbal
cüpr, cüprsalv
henna-ointment
cüpres
cypress
dabbə
a dab
dabbən wk. I
to dab
dablən wk. I
to dabble
dag
daglock
dagg
drizzle, light rain
daggən wk. I
to sprinkle lightly, spray lightly
138
daglən wk. I
dagon
dagr
dali
dalisc
dalk
dalkə
dall adj.
dalmatikə
dalyanzə
dalyən wk. I
damasin
damm
damp adj.
damp
dampma̋lə
dampwrítərə
dampéwərə
dampən wk. I
damə
dandlən wk. I
danglən wk. I
danjr
dank adj.
dans
dapl
daplədə
dappən wk. I
dapr adj.
dar
dariən wk. II
darlik adj.
darláƨ adj.
darnəl
dars
dart
daryol
darəð
darəðhabbəndə adj.
darəðlåkənd pl.
darəðscäft
dascən wk. I
dastard
dat
daw
dawb
dawbən wk. I
dawnsən wk. I
dawntən wk. I
to daggle (see OED)
a piece cut of cloth
dagger
dice game, boardgame
dedaleus (a plant?)
brooch
little dale or valley
exuberant; very proud
dalmatic (vestment)
dalliance
to dally
damson
dam
humid, muggy
humidity
hygrometer
hygrograph
hygroscope
to snuff out
dam (female parent of animals)
to dandle
to dangle
jurisdiction
dank
dance (esp. a formal, rehearsed dance)
dappling
dappled
to fish by letting the bait dip and bob lightly on the water
dapper, trim, smart, neat, well-dressed
harm
to become or remain motionless from fear
harmful
harmless, innocuous
darnel (plant)
dace (the fish)
small light spear; needlelike implement used in surgery
kind of sweet fruit-filled pastry, strudel, danish
javelin
bearing a javelin
javelin-users
javelin-shaft
to dash
dastard
date (fruit)
melancholy, depressed
whitewash
to whitewash
to dance (formally, rehearsedly)
to daunt
139
dað
daʒiən wk. II
daʒung
daʒən str. VI
daƨ adj.
daƨlən wk. I
daƨð
daƨən wk. I
daƨənd
daƨəndə
daþet interj.
debit
deftə adj.
deftən wk. I
dekad
deklíniən wk. II
deklínung
deklínədlik adj.
dekən
dekənhåd
delegát
delegátən wk. I
delfín
dell
delta
delv
delving
delvíƨərn
delvən str. III
delvərə
demm
demmən wk. I
demplən wk. I
dempən wk. I
dendəlyon
dengən
Denisc adj.
denjən wk. I
Denlaʒ
Denmark
denn
denniən wk. II
dennstów
dent
dentən wk. I
denyeld
denzin
Denə pl.
dering
mass of metal
to dawn
dawn
to brave
numb
to dazzle, strike dumb or speechless, stupefy
numbness
to benumb; narcotize
narcotic (n.)
narcotic (adj.)
= approx. go to hell!
debit
deft
to get right, accomplish
decade
to decline (grammatically)
declension
subject to declension
one in charge of ten monks
office of a dekən
delegate
to delegate
dolphin
glen, vale, dell, dale, hollow (narrow secluded short valley)
delta
hole dug in the ground
digging
spade, shovel
to dig
digger
misfortune, bad luck; interj. damn! darn!
to dam
to wrangle
to damp (a fire, instrument, sound, etc.), dampen, muffle
dandelion
to deal heavy blows
Danish
to ding
the Dane law, law for the part of England occupied by the Danes
Denmark
lair, den
to shelter as in a cave or den
place of hiding or refuge (of an animal)
dent
to dent
Danegeld
denizen
the Danes
harmful act(s)
140
deriən wk. I
to do harm to (dat.), harm
deriəndlik adj.
mischievous, noxious, that is a nuisance
dernha̋ mən wk. I
to clandestinely fornicate, be adulterous
dernlicgən str. V
to clandestinely fornicate, be adulterous
dernlik adj.
undercover
dernmaʒə
president at mysteries
dernnes
clandestinity
dernyəliyr
adultery, fornication
dernə adj.
clandestine, surreptitious
dernən wk. I
to cooperate, meet, or make clandestinely
derodin
scarlet dye
dervən wk. I
to trouble, cause difficulty for, afflict, grieve, burden
desert
dessert (esp. of fruit, the original meaning)
desk
desk
destrə
right (hand, side)
det
bond as = a written obligation to pay specified sums, or to do or not do
specified things
devat
divot
deyn
dislike
deynti
a dainty
to deign
deynən wk. I
deyʒə
female farmhand
deyƨ
Hist. high table (for distinguished persons at feasts, etc.); in modern use panel
(of guests, of judges, of jurors, etc.)
Dezembr
December
dezibel
decibel
deþþən wk. I
to soak up, sop up, sponge up
difþerya
diphtheria
dikr
dicker
dilettant
dilettante
dill
dill
dillən wk. I
to lull, trill
dilʒiən wk. II
to cancel; to strike out (something written); fig. to erase (sin, etc.), remove,
destroy (all traces, etc.); útdilʒiən to delete, útdilʒnes, útdilʒung deletion
cancellation
dilʒnes
dilʒung
cancelling, cancellation
dimm adj.
dim, not bright; poorly lit; difficult to see, faint, blurred, vague
dimmhov
shady inn
dimmhı̋ wə adj.
of vague appearance or form
dimmhúƨ
dimly lit house (prison)
dimmiən wk. II
to become dim, to dim
dimmnes
dimness; faintness, blurriness, vagueness
dimmscúwə
curtain of darkness?
dimpl
dimple
dinglə
dingle
dinər
dinner- or lunch-party
diplóma
diploma
diplómát
diplomat
diplómázi
diplomacy
141
dirgə
dirge
dirkən wk. I
to make dark or unlit, remove the light from, render obscure
disc
dish (for serving, preparing, or displaying food, or for baking)
dish-bearer, table-servant
discbërənd
discipəl
disciple
discipəlhåd
disciplehood
discipələ
female disciple
disciən wk. II
to dish up
discþeyn
busboy
disk
disk, disc
disko
disco
diskodrám
disco music
distäv
distaff (sense 1 in OED)
ditan
dittany (a plant)
diti
ditty
divriən wk. II
to be nervous or jittery
diħt
authority (e.g. something given on authority), authorization; warrant (e.g. to
search a room)
diħtfästərndäy
appointed fast
diħting
imposition, prescription, dictation
to authorize; diħtəd authorized (to do something, e.g.)
diħtiən wk. II
diħtkwidə
(verbal) formula
diħtung
authorization
diħtən wk. I
to impose (a task, burden, punishment), dictate (what shall be done, laws),
prescribe (remedy or punishment), appoint (day, time)
dictatorship
diħtərscepə
diħtəryəwald
despotism, dictatorship
diħtərə
dictator, despot
diƨmə
daphne
diƨur
professional story-teller
cat’s tail (plant)
doddə
doddən wk. I
to make the top or head of anything rounded, blunt, or bare; shave bald;
deprive of horns
dodr
dodder (a plant)
doggə
male dog
doggəd adj.
dogged
dogrəl
doggerel
dokk
dock (large structure or excavated basin for receiving ships, equipped with
gates to keep water in or out)
dokkiən wk. II
to dock, cut short
dokkə
stump of a tail; segment of a finger between knuckles (fingrdokkə)
dokkə2
dock (plant); súrdokkə sorrel
doktor
person with a doctorate degree
doktorlítə
doctoral candidate
doktorát
doctorate
dokument
document
dokumentáryə
documentary
dokət
docket
dol adj.
foolish
142
dolk
dollik adj.
dolma
dolman
dolmen
dolomít
dolp
dolscaðə
dolscepə
dolsprék
dolwillən adj.
dolwítə
dolyelp
dolʒ
dolʒbenn
dolʒbót
dolʒdrenk
dolʒiən wk. II
dolʒkla̋ nƨiən wk. II
dolʒkla̋ nƨiənd
dolʒrúnə
dolʒsalv
dolʒsleyə
dolʒswað
dolʒwund
dolə
domino
domnə
donjon
donki
dopenəd
dopfuʒl
dopp(ə)
doppiən wk. II
doppətən wk. I
dor
dori
Dorisc
dorward
dorə
dos
dosandevn
dosil
dosk adj.
doskiən wk. II
dosma̋ lə
dossal
dosərə
dotard
a blow with a point (or a beak) that scarcely penetrates or does not penetrate
foolhardy, audacious, rash, ill-advised
dolma
dolman
dolmen
dolomite
dollop
foolish fiend
folly, error
silly talk
rash, bold
punishment of the foolish
idle boast
infection
infected wound
compensation for sullying
drink for an infection, antidote
to infect
to disinfect
disinfectant
pellitory of Spain (plant)
application for an infection
infecting blow
scar or remnant of an infection
infected sore
fool
domino (in game)
dominant one (in sexual affairs)
dungeon
she-ass
moorfowl
waterfowl
plop
to plop (down)
to plunge in
gate
dory (fish)
Dorian
gatekeeper
bumblebee
dose
dosage
pledget
dark-haired, brown- or black-haired, brunette
to turn dark (of hair, skin)
dosimeter
an ornamental cloth forming a cover for the back of a seat or throne
pannier (large basket on the back of an animal)
dotard, silly old man
143
dotiən wk. II
to dote
dotrəl
dotterel
dott
dot, point; period (punctuation mark)
the plug of tobacco ash remaining in the bottom of a pipe after smoking
dottəl
doviən wk. II
to lose one’s mind
dovung
dementia
down
aroma
downlik
aromatic
to give off an aroma
downən wk. I
dowp
a deep dish or basin
dowv adj.
of sound: dull, hollow, muffled; of persons: dull, boring, uninteresting;
speaking little, taciturn, reticent, uncommunicative; uninclined to play or participate, retiring, reserved
dozent
associate professor, (Brit.) reader; senior research fellow
doʒiən wk. II
to cope with (problems, troubles, etc.)
doħti adj.
valiant, gallant
daughter
doħtr (pl., dat. sg. döħtr)
doħtrsun
daughter’s son, grandson
doƨən wk. I
(of limbs) to become asleep or numb; doƨd asleep, numb (of limbs)
drab adj.
drab
dragg
dredge (net)
draggən wk. I
to drag (for), dredge (with a net)
draglən wk. I
to draggle (make or become muddy or wet by dragging through mud or water)
drajé
hors d’oeuvre
drak
fig. ordeal, trial
drakfle̋ʒə
dragonfly
dragon-wort
drakonzə
Drakónisc
Draconian
drakə
dragon
drammə
dram
dran
drone
drap
drape (hanging, not curtain)
trapper, trap (cover on a horse)
drapűrə
drapən wk. I
to drape
dravuk
a plant, ‘zizanium’
draʒən str. VI
to draw (a cart, wagon, etc., anything with wheels)
draħma
drachma
draħt
draught, drawing (of a cart, wagon, etc., also in combination, as draughtanimal, draughthorse, etc.); traction
draħtwëʒ
tractor
dreccing
troubled sleep
dreccən wk. I
to sleep unsoundly, have troubled sleep; tr. to trouble, disturb (with bad
dreams)
drecg
dredge (for clearing or deepening channels, harbours, etc.)
drecgən wk. I
to dredge (clear or deepen a channel, harbour, etc.)
dreggəƨ pl.
dregs, lees
drenc
a drenching, overwatering, heavy rain
drencflód
inundation
drencən wk. I
to drench
dreng
hooligan, ruffian, thug (familiar term); coarse youth
144
drenk
a drink, beverage
drenkhorn
drinking-horn
drenkhúƨ
drinking-house, tavern
drenkkuppə
drinking-cup
drenklən wk. I
to immerse oneself in water, bathe
drenkən wk. I
to give to drink, serve someone a drink
drepə
killing blow
dres
garnish; (salad, turkey) dressing
dresur
table for preparing food
dresən wk. I
to garnish; to dress (a salad, turkey)
dretting
tuberculosis, consumption
drettən wk. I
(of diseases, poisons, etc.) to make thin, consume (the body)
drevliən wk. II
to drivel, slaver, dribble
drevlən wk. I
to talk in one’s sleep, to talk drowsily
drift
propulsion, impetus, impulse; drive (of a vehicle)
driftspring
mainspring (in non-fig. sense)
driliən wk. II
to defer
drill
drill (tool)
drillən wk. I
to drill
drink
a drink, draught, sip; drinking
to drink
drinkən str. III
drinkərə
drinker, alcoholic, drunkard
drit
feces, excrement, shit
driv
craze
drivl
tool for driving
driƨnful
fibrous
driƨnsénkräft
fibre optics
driƨnə
fibre, strand
dromedaryə
dromedary
dromond
a kind of war-vessel
spotted (?)
dropfåʒ adj.
dropiən wk. II
to drop, fall as a drop does
dropméləm adv.
drop by drop
droppəthúƨ
distillery
distillation
droppəting
droppətyətaw
still (for distillation)
droppətən wk. I
to distill
dropsi
dropsy, edema
dropstån
stalagmite
dropə
drop
drorənlik adj.
perishable (?)
drosard
prefect
drotiən wk. I
to mispronounce sounds or letters
drownən wk. I
to drone (make the sound)
droʒə
waste matter, wastes
droħt
experience, trial; what one has gone through
droħtiən wk. II
to spend (time, one’s life, one’s days); to live (a life), lead (a certain life); intr.
to live (a certain way), have a life(style), live from day to day
droħtung
lifestyle
145
droħtəð
condition or lot in life; reality, that which does not change or which one must
put up with
droƨ
dross
drucg
one employed in mean, servile, menial, or distasteful work: a drudge, hack
drucging
drudgery
drucgən wk. I
to drudge
drug
pharmaceutical, drug
druggən wk. I
to go forth laboriously, bent over and with bending knees, as under a heavy
burden
drugmann
druggist, apothecary, pharmacist
drugscoppə
drugstore, pharmacy
drummbákn
(military) tattoo
drummə
drum (musical instrument)
drunk adj.
drunk (differentiated from drunkən, “which is or has been drunk, imbibed”)
drunkiən wk. II
to get drunk
to be submerged
drunkliən wk. II
drunkla̋ w adj.
inebriated, impaired from drinking
drunknes
drunkenness
drunkung
getting drunk, inebriation
drunkwillən adj.
intent on drinking
drunkyërn adj.
eager to get drunk; alcoholic
to bead up (of raindrops, spray, etc. on skin, on glass, etc.)
drupiən wk. II
druʒ
parched earth (often with cracks in it)
drálən wk. I
to drawl
drám
music
dráma
drama (type of theatre, dealing with emotions, love, human relations, etc., and
often a tragedy or at least serious; behaviour similar to that found in a drama, acting up, emotional
demonstrativeness)
drámalbum
(music) album
drámatisc
dramatic (like or pertaining to the above)
̋
drámblı
timbre
drámdisk
phonograph, record
drámdisklåkərə
turntable, record player
drámfrı̋ ndlik adj.
philharmonic
drámful adj.
musical, having music
drámhabbəndə adj.
having music
drámiən wk. II
to make music
drámisc
musical (person)
drámkräft
art of music, (act of) musical composition
drámlik adj.
musical, pertaining to music
drámláƨ adj.
unmusical; unmelodious
drámlíkwa̋ vð
music video
drámnes
musicmaking
drámtäppə
(music) tape
drámwrit
written music
drámyəliƨə
musicology
drámərə
musician
dráp
cow or ewe (or she-goat, etc.) culled for slaughter (because it did not yield
milk or bear young)
146
drápiən wk. II
to trickle, drip slowly
drápung
trickling, slow dripping
dráriənd
inrushing tide
dráʒniən wk. II
to absorb
dráʒniəndə adj.
absorbent
dráʒnung
absorption
dråv
the action of driving (of beasts, people, waves, etc.); driven animals, drove
dråvhërd
drove
dräst
residue, residuum
drästi adj.
full of residue, dirty, grimy
dräv
sediment (of juice, wine, beer, cider, mixtures, etc.)
drävlik adj.
sedimentary (of juice, wine, beer, cider, etc.)
dräynett
drag-net
dräyə
cart or sled without wheels, used for dragging wood, turf, etc.
dra̋ vən wk. I
to hound, dog (with questions, etc.)
dréd
fear
drédful
fearful
drédlik
fearsome, terrible
drédláƨ
fearless
drédən str. VII (pret. drërd(ən)) to fear
melodious
drémə adj.
drémən wk. I
to put to music, put in song; to hum, sing, improvise musically, harmonize
drépən wk. I
to let fall in drops, to exude (a liquid) in drops
drëpən str. V
to slay
dre̋ pən str. II
to fall in drops, drip (of liquids)
tragedy
dre̋ r
dre̋ ri adj.
sad
dre̋ rimód
sad in mind
dre̋ rines
sadness
dre̋ rlik adj.
tragic
̋
to endure, persist, continue, last
dreʒən str. II
dre̋ʒəndlik adj.
durable, lasting
̋
dreʒəndə adj.
enduring, persisting
dre̋ƨən str. II (dráƨ, druƨən, droƨən) to fall, be overthrown by an enemy, fall (into enemy hands); to weaken,
succumb, give out, fail
drítswér
constipated
drítswérnes
constipation
drítən str. I
to defecate, void excrement, shit
drívən str. I
to drive (force to move or go forward, away, up, down, out, in), impel
drívənd
one who drives others
drı̋ ʒ adj.
long (in time, duration), lasting long (e.g. of a journey); taking a long time,
slow, tedious (person, thing, task, etc.) (< ON drjúgr)
drı̋ʒə, drı̋ ʒð
duration, length in time; slowness, tediousness
dróv adj.
turbid, muddy, dirty (water); troubled, disturbed, preoccupied
dróvi adj.
opaque, cloudy (water, glass, etc.)
dróviən wk. II
to become turbid, muddy, or dirty (of water or bodies of water); to become
unclear, confused, messed up, etc.
dróvlik adj.
disturbed, agitated, upset
147
dróƨ
sediment (of rivers, streams, lakes, seas), deposit (layer or coating of a
substance left behind)
dróƨlik adj.
sedimentary (rock)
dróƨn
ear-wax
drővdlik adj.
easily disturbed
drővdnes
commotion, turbulence
drőving
disturbing, disturbance
drővlik adj.
turbulent
drővə adj.
troublesome, vexatious, problematic, irksome, etc.
drővən wk. I
to stir up, disturb, churn (especially bodies of water, or of waves churning);
fig. to disturb, trouble, distress, worry, upset
drővənd
disturber
drővəndə adj.
disturbing
drúniən wk. II
to drown
drúpiən wk. II
to droop
drúpung
drooping, torpor, dejection
drút
girlfriend
drúʒiən wk. II
to dry up, be beset by drought
drúʒð
drought
drúʒðland
drought-beset land
sluggish, slow-moving, stagnant
drúƨi adj.
drúƨiən wk. II
to be or become sluggish, slow down, become stagnant
drúƨə
druse (of mining -- a crust of small crystals lining the sides of a cavity in a
rock)
drüknən wk. I
to dehydrate?
drünc
alcoholic drink
drünchov
tavern, pub
drünk
that which is drunk, (food and) drink, drinks, beverages
drünkfät
drinking vessel (for alcoholic drinks)
drünkla̋ n
scot-ale, the ale given by a seller to a buyer on concluding a bargain
to libate
drünkoffriən wk. II
drünkoffrung
libation
drünkwőri adj.
drunk
drünkyəmet
measure of (alcoholic) drink
trickle, leak, dripping flow
drüppə
drüppən wk. I
to drip, be leaky, shed drops (of taps, vessels, candles, etc.)
drürspurn
dropkick, punt
drürə
drop, release; fall, drop
drüħn
lord, Lord
drüħnbalu
great misfortune
drüħnbarn
princely child
drüħndóm
lord’s dominion
drüħnhold adj.
loyal
drüħnkwőn
noble queen
drüħnlik adj.
lordly
drüħnmåðm
princely present
drüħnscepə
lordship, majesty
drüħnward
lord, king
drüħnwërð adj.
of divine value
148
drüħnwërðə
theologian
drüħt
procession, marching troops; assemblage; wedding procession
drüħtaldr
father of the bride on wedding day, who gives the bride away
drüħtfolk
wedding guests
drüħtgumə
bridesman
drüħtlik adj.
soldierly
drüħtle̋ ð
marching song
drüħtmann (pl. -menn)
soldier (esp. in fig. senses)
drüħtscepə
soldiery; soldierly quality
drüħtselə
wedding-hall
drüħtsibb
relatives at a wedding procession
drüħtwërəƨ pl.
the men in a wedding procession
drüħtwőmərə
wedding-usher
drüħtyəstrı̋ n
princely treasure
drüħtyəsíð
retainer, warrior
awful, terrible
drüƨlik adj.
drüƨlən wk. I
to drizzle
drüƨmən wk. I
to become obscure or obfuscated
drüƨniən wk. II
to go away, be reduced in numbers or sightings, become extinct
drüƨnən wk. I
to decimate, greatly reduce in number
wizard
drű
drűjə
witch, sorceress, female conjurer
drűkräft
magic
drűkräfti adj.
skilled in magic
drűkräftyə
wizard, conjurer
love-token, keepsake
drűryə
drűsprekk
magic wand
drűyhlað
dryer
drűyə adj.
dry
drűyən wk. I
to dry
sweetheart, darling
drűð
dubbiən wk. II
to dub
dubbə
stagnant pool
dubl
a double (of something or someone else), doppelgänger
dublən wk. I
to duplicate, copy (esp. not a document, or a document in bad sense)
dublət
doublet; duplicate, copy (esp. when not a document, or of a document in bad
sense)
dud
dud
duddə
light coat or jacket, spring jacket
duk
a duck, ducking, lowering of the head
duldrum
doldrums
dull adj.
dull (in all modern English senses, although the sense ‘slow-witted’ is more
prominent in this language), obtuse (esp. in mind, feeling)
dullard
dullard
to be or become dull (in all senses of the word, but especially ‘fail to
dulliən wk. II
understand’)
dulmonus
a kind of warship
dult
dolt
dumb adj.
dumb, mute
149
dumbnes
dumbness, muteness
dumlən wk. I
to become somewhat cloudy, cloud over lightly
dump
dump
to dump
dumpən
dun
boom (sound)
duncən wk. I
to jab with the elbow or fist, as an admonition
dung
manure, dung
dunkiən wk. II
to dunk
dunkl
pit, dimple, hole, dint
dunklən wk. I
to dimple, pit, dint
dunn adj.
dun, grayish brown
dunnfalu adj.
tawny, yellowish brown
dunngréy adj.
slightly brownish grey
to darken, become discoloured (become dun)
dunniən wk. II
dunnling
sandpiper (bird)
dunnuk
wryneck (bird)
duns
dunce
dunt
a blunt or dull-sounding blow or impact
duntən wk. I
to knock or strike with a dull sound, as with the fist in the back or ribs
dunən wk. I
to boom (make the sound)
dur
door
doorkeeper
durhaldənd
durmattə
doormat
durpost
doorjamb
durra
durra, Guinea corn, Indian millet
durrən pret-pres
to dare
durstud
doorpost
durward
watcher at the door, doorkeeper
duryät
doorway
durþeyn
usher
durþiynən
female usher
durərə
folding door
duscən wk. I
to push or throw down violently
dusk adj.
dusky, somewhat dark, somewhat black
duv
a dive, diving down, plunge
duvscip
submarine
duzeynə
dozen
duʒlásting
efficiency
duʒlástən wk. I
to be efficient
duʒlástəndə adj.
efficient
duʒən pret-pres
to be good, strong, of value; to do good, to do a good deed (to dat.); (+ för,
til) to avail, come in handy, be of use, benefit, be good for; (+wið) to be competent (at), be capable (of)
duʒəð
high competence, excellence; (with indefinite article) good deed, heroic act
duʒəðlik adj.
excellent, superior
duʒəðmaħt
superior power
duʒəðyëv
munificence, generosity
duħti adj.
competent, capable
duƨil
removable spout?
dwaliən wk. II
to be delusional, rave
150
dwalm
stupor, daze; obliviousness
dwalə
delusion
dwellən wk. I
to lead astray; fig. distract, confuse
dwelƨiən wk. II
to ramble (in talking, writing, or thinking)
dwerə
suspense
dwol
wrong, in error, mistaken
dwoliən wk. II
to err, be wrong
dwolkräft
heretic arts
dwollik adj.
in error
dwolmann (pl. -menn)
one who is in error
chaos
dwolmə
dwolscepə
being in error, incredulity
dwolung
hogwash, nonsense - wrong, incorrect, or inaccurate statements
dwolþing
wrong subject or topic
dwolə
mistake, error (an individual error)
dwäl
unrealistic; given to fantasy, romantic, fatuous; wrongheaded, perverse, mad,
lunatic, delusional, out of touch with reality
dwäscən wk. I
to suppress, contain, stifle, subdue
dwéƨ adj.
stupid, dumb
dwéƨiən wk. II
to be or become stupid, act stupidly
moronic
dwéƨlik adj.
dwéƨmann (pl. -menn)
moron
dwéƨnes
stupidity
dwëliən wk. II
to go astray, wander (usu. mentally)
dwëlə
wandering, straying; mental wandering, rambling, delusion, nonsense
to be stupefied; be oblivious (dwëləndə adj. oblivious, stupefied, dazed)
dwëlən str. IV
dwërʒ
dwarf; pygmy
dwërʒdwoslə
flea-bane (plant)
dwínən str. I
to waste away, languish
dwïmr
(an) illusion, fallacy
dwïmrlik adj.
illusory, unreal
dwüld
faux pas
dád adj.
dead
dádborən adj.
stillborn
dádhräyl
shroud, death-robe
dádiən wk. II
to become figuratively dead, to die down, abate, to become still or quiet, to
come to an end
dádlik adj.
deadly, fatal, lethal
dádspring
a spring that doesn’t work
dádwällə adj.
nonproductive (well, oil well)
dákren wk. I
to walk totteringly as from feebleness or infirmity
dálə
a wooden tube or trough for carrying off water, as from a ship’s pump
dálər
dollar
dámə
lady, woman of manners or class, woman of high rank or social standing,
female member of the gentry or gentility; corresponding to gumə, and a title (Lady or Dame)
dát
date (calendar day)
dátən wk. I
to date (give a date to)
dáv adj.
deaf
dávnes
deafness
151
dáw
dáwdre̋ ƨ
dáwi adj.
dáwifeðrə adj.
dáwiən wk. II
dáwung
dáwwürm
dáð
dáðbodung
dáðbákniəndə adj.
dáðbérnes
dáðbérə adj.
dáðbërəndə adj.
dáðdrepə
dáðdäy
dáðdën
dáðfirn
dáðfáyə adj.
dáðgod
dáðiən wk. II
dáðkwal
dáðkwalm
dáðkwälməndə adj.
dáðlik adj.
dáðliknes
dáðléy
dáðmeld
dáðmäyn
dáðrecəd
dáðráv
dáðréƨ
dáðre̋ w adj.
dáðscúwə
dáðscüld
dáðscüldi adj.
dáðselə
dáðsleyə
dáðsperə
dáðstedə
dáðsünni adj.
dáðtre̋
dáðwang
dáðwa̋ yə
dáðwőri adj.
dáðwürd
dáðyədål
dáðþeynung
dáʒ
dáʒiən wk. II
dew; condensation
fall of dew
dewy
dewy-feathered
to become covered with dew
covering of dew
slug
death
obituary (in a newspaper)
boding death
deadliness, fatality
deadly, fatal, causing death
bringing death
death-blow
death-day
ravine of death
deadly outrageous act
doomed to death
infernal deities
to put to death; to bring to an end
execution
death-throes
tormenting or torturing to death
mortal, subject to death, perishable
mortality
deadly flame
notice of death
deathly power, power to kill
sepulchre
spoils from the dead
sudden death
murderous
infernal darkness
obligation to die, death-sentence
condemned to death
death-hall, hell
death-stroke
deadly spear
place of death
having committed a transgression worthy of death
death-bringing tree
field of death
deadly goblet
swooning before death
fate, death
separation of body and soul by death
exequies, last offices to the dead
dye
to dye
152
dáʒung
då pl. dån
dål
dåltitl
dår
dårən wk. I
dåʒ
däffə
däftə
däl
dälbrücg
därnungə adv.
därv adj.
därvnes
därvscepə
däy
däybók
däyfästərn
däyfërm
däyhlútr adj.
däyhwåm adj.
däyhwíləƨ pl.
däyjurnal
däykandl
däykúð adj.
däylang adj.
däylangəƨ adv.
däylik adj.
däylistə
däylóʒ
däymetə
däymél
däymélpréw
däymélscáwərə
däynlik adj.
däyrím
däyrïmə
däyrünə
däyrəd
däyrədlik adj.
däyrədle̋ mə
däyrədoffrung
däyrədsang
däysang
däysceld
däystërrə
däyswevn
däyswevniən wk. II
däyswéƨənd
dyeing, colouring
female deer, doe
a division
heading
mockery, making fun (of someone)
to make fun of
dough
nitwit
naïve
valley
viaduct (over a valley)
insidiously; därn adj. insidious
presumptuous
presumption
state of being presumptuous
day; gód däy (on meeting) hello!; (on parting) goodbye!
diary, journal
a day’s fast
a day’s food
as clear as day
daily
days, period in the past or present
daily newspaper
‘day-candle’, the sun
open, obvious, clear as the day
lasting a day
during a day
of the day, diurnal
(day’s) agenda
daycare centre, daycare
meal had during the day: breakfast, lunch, or (early) dinner
horologe
gnomon of a horologe
astrologer
of this day
number of days
edge of day, dawn, daybreak
course of the day
daybreak
of daybreak, early
beam of daybreak
daybreak offering
matins
daily service (sung)
something blocking the sun, as a large cloud
morning star
daydream
to daydream
treat of the day
153
däytíd
time of day
däytímə
day-time
däyward
day-watchman
wished for a day
däywillə adj.
däywinə
‘day’s friend’, day’s pay
däywist
day’s food
däywäccə
day-watch
däywërk
daytime work
däywërðung
#(OE = feast-day)
däywómə
the rush of dawn
däyyémən
daycare
däyðərlik adj.
today’s, of today, of this day
däyðərn adj.
everyday (adj.), commonplace, prosaic; for use by day
däyðərn
interval of a day, 24 hours
däyðərnlangájə
colloquial language
colloquial speech
däyðərnsprék
däyəƨ adv.
by day, during the day, days
da̋ l
part, portion; share
da̋ lbrév
share, stock (in a company)
̋
dalbrévbrókur
stockbroker
stock market
da̋ lbrévmarkət
̋
daldlik
divisible
da̋ ldsalə
retail
da̋ ldtäl
dividend, numerator (in mathematics)
da̋ ling
dividing, parting, portioning
partial
da̋ llik
da̋ lláƨ adj.
without a share
da̋ lméləm adv.
by parts, partly
̋
dalnes
division
da̋ lnïming
participation
̋
to take part, participate
dalnïmən str. IV
da̋ lnïmənd
participator
da̋ lnïməndnes
participation
da̋ lnümə
dividend (money)
instalment
da̋ lyeld
da̋ lən wk. I
to divide, part, portion; əmelləda̋ lən to share; útda̋ lən todue; fərda̋ lən to
divide up; inda̋ lən to make divisions in; each); anda̋ lən to impart; upda̋ lən to award, adjudge, give hand out,
deal out; panda̋ lən to allot; təda̋ lən to divide into pieces or parts; yəda̋ lən to bestow, dispense (fate), give one’s
rightful share or amount to; ümda̋ lən to distribute; avda̋ lən to partition off, divide off; tóda̋ lən to apportion;
əda̋ lən to dispense, distribute (one to
da̋ lənd
divider; distributor
̋
daləndlik
divisive; partitive (case)
da̋ ləndtäl
divisor, denominator (in mathematics)
da̋ lərə
divider, distributor
da̋ mon
demon
da̋ yə
dairymaid
dé
die (for playing)
déc
plaster
décən wk. I
to plaster
154
déd
deed, act
dédbanə
assassin (?) (OE = murderer)
dédbót
atonement, amends, penance, repentance, penitence
mitigation of penance
dédbótlíħting
dédbőtə
a penitent
dédbőtən wk. I
to atone for, make amends, do penance, be penitent, repent
dédfram adj.
forward, impatient, or eager in deed, eager to do or act
dédfrumə
the one who did the deed, perpetrator, culprit
dédhatə
hater in deed
dédhwät adj.
quick in deed
dédiən wk. II
to act, take action, perform actions
dédiənd
agent, that which or he who acts
dédiəndlik adj.
active (voice)
dédkőnə adj.
bold in deed
dédlatə
sluggard
dédlet adj.
slow to act
dédlik adj.
active, operative
dédlán
recompense
dédmann
agent (for another)
dédróv adj.
great in deeds, heroic
dédung
action
dédword
verb
dédwërk
mighty work
dédən wk. I
to execute by any means -- crucify, burn to death, poison, slay, stab to death,
shoot to death -- as imposed by the state, monarch, church, or people; dédən mid elektrik electrocute
actor, man of action, entrepreneur
dédərə
dépən wk. I
to immerse
Dérland
Deira (northern kingdom, precursor of Northumbria)
Dérə pl.
Deirans, inhabitants of Deira (see Djarland)
déying
perseverance
to persevere, last (through), hold out (much longer)
déyən wk. I
déðing
death-sentence, condemnation to death
déðən wk. I
to condemn to death (e.g. as a sentence)
déʒl adj.
secret (adj.), kept private; not generally known
having many secrets, secretive (person)
déʒlful adj.
déʒliən wk. II
to keep secret, hide, hush, cover up
déʒllik adj.
secretive (actions, behaviour); to be kept secret (information)
déʒlnes
secrecy
dël
teat
̋
dëlder
mammal
dëlde̋ rlik adj.
mammalian
dën
ravine
dënland
land dissected by ravines
dërk adj.
dark, unlit
dërkful adj.
somber, dismal, gloomy
dërkiən wk. II
to be dark (unlit)
dërklik adj.
morally dark, sinister
dërklingə adv.
in the dark, in darkness
dërknes
the dark
155
dërkung
dërv
dërvda̋ ling
dërvən str. III
de̋ p adj.
de̋ pdërk adj.
de̋ phücgəndə adj.
de̋ phüydi adj.
de̋ piən wk. II
de̋ plik adj.
de̋ pnes
de̋ pyəþankl adj.
de̋ pə adv.
de̋ r
de̋ r2 adj.
uncouth
de̋ rdóm
de̋ rfaləd
de̋ rfrïð
de̋ rfürħþ
de̋ rheyə
de̋ rkünn
de̋ rlik adj.
de̋ rlécə
de̋ rmód adj.
de̋ rnett
de̋ rscepə
de̋ rtún
de̋ ryät
de̋ ryəliƨə
díabétisc adj., n.
díabétés
díagramm
díakon
díakonhåd
díakonrokk
díakonyärlə
díakonþeynung
díal
díalton
díamant
díc
dík
díkiən wk. II
díkscard
díkung
díkərə
dímə
dín adj.
darkness
labour, work
division of labour
to labour, work hard
deep
pitch dark
pensive
deeply considerate
to get deep, deepen
profound
profundity, mystery
contemplative, very thoughtful
deeply
animal
brutish, strong, bold (especially without thought of consequences); boorish,
animal kingdom
enclosure for animals
preservation of game
hunting-park, game park
hedge or fence to keep out animals
animal-kind , the race of animals
of animals, animal (adj.); zoological
veterinarian
unthinking, inconsiderate; undaunted, fearless
hunting-net
fauna
pound (for animals)
entrance for animals
zoology
diabetic
diabetes
diagram
deacon
office of deacon
deacon’s robe
accessory of a deacon
deacon’s ministry
dial
dial tone
diamond
ditch
dike
to make a dike or bank
notch or crack in a dike
construction of a dike
dike-maker
dime
estimable
156
dínosawr
dínən wk. I
díoptra
díozesan
díting
dítən wk. I
díva
díyən wk. I
díyənd
día̋ t
día̋ tistə
día̋ tyəliƨə
díƨəlenjin
díƨəloylə
dïnər
dı̋ pð
dı̋ pə
dı̋ pən wk. I
dı̋ rborən adj.
dı̋ rling
dı̋ rnes
dı̋ rwirðlik adj.
dı̋ rwirðnes
dı̋ rwirðə adj.
dı̋ rår
dı̋ rð
dı̋ rƨiən wk. II
dı̋ rə adj.
dı̋ rən wk. I
dı̋ vl
dı̋ vldéd
dı̋ vlkräft
dı̋ vlkund adj.
dı̋ vlkünn
dı̋ vllik adj.
dı̋ vlscepə
dı̋ vlscinnə
dı̋ vlse̋ k adj.
dı̋ vlse̋ knes
dı̋ vlwítʒə
dı̋ vlyeld
dı̋ vlyeldhúƨ
dı̋ vlyeldə
dı̋ vlyízung
dók
dókinkl
dól
dólward
dóm
dinosaur
to dine
diopter, dioptre
diocesan
composition (written)
to indite
diva
to suckle
suckling
diet, dietary regimen
dietician, dietitian
dietetics
diesel engine
diesel oil
(L. denarius) some currency
abyss, deep water
depth
to deepen, make deeper
of prized birth, noble
darling, favourite
preciousness, dearness; costliness, expensiveness
invaluable, inestimable
prizedness
prized, valued
precious metal
scarcity, dearth
to prize
precious, dear; of high worth or price, costly, expensive
to hold dear or precious, treasure
devil
diabolical deed
sorcery, black magic, witchcraft
devilish
‘devilkind’, race of devils
diabolical; of the devil
idolatry
evil spirit, demon
possessed by the devil, lunatic
demoniacal possession
warlock, evil seer
devil-worship, idolatry
temple of devil-worship
devil-worshipper, idolater
mammon?
bastard
bastard child, or ‘bastard’ used with affection
goal (of a game, sport, then also fig.)
goalie, goalkeeper
judgment (arrived at by a judge, or someone with authority)
157
dómbók
justice
dómdäy
dómfäst adj.
dómfästnes
dómhwät
dómhúƨ
dómisc adj.
dómiən wk. II
dómlik adj.
dómselə
dómsetl
dómsetn
dómstów
dómwërðung
dómyërn adj.
dómádi adj.
concerened
dóməƨdäy
dón anom.
adverbs)
dónd
dónlik adj.
dóp
dópən wk. I
dóʒr
dóʒrrím
döggən wk. I
döws
döyən wk. I
dől
dőlful
dőmdlik adj.
dőmlik
dőmə
dőmən wk. I
dőmənd
dőmənflokk
dőmərə
dővə
dúd
dúdi adj.
dúett
dúk
dúkə
dúkən str. II
dúl
dún
dúnhuni
book of judgments, book of legal cases, code of laws, statute-book, manual of
judgment day (in a trial)
binding (arbitration, etc.); fixed or secured by law or by arbitration
binding arbitration, binding judgment
quick in (arriving at) judgment
courthouse
judgmental
to look up to
judicial
(law-) court; Üvəməst Dómselə Supreme Court; niðərə dómselə lower court
tribunal
jurisconsult, jurist
place of judgment, law-court
honour, credit
judgmental
having a fortunate judgment in a case, with a judgment in favour of the person
doomsday, day of judgment
(1) to do; (2) to put, take, remove (with prepositions or allative or ablative
doer
feasible, ‘doable’, practical
dope
to dope
working hours, the working day, (usual or habitual) work, job, occupation
number of working days/tally of working hours (?)
to drizzle, rain lightly
deuce
to die
grief, sorrow, mourning
doleful
that may be judged
authoritative
authority (person(s); source of correct knowledge)
to judge (in court); give or pronounce judgment (with person judged in dat.)
one acting as judge, arbiter
authoritative body, board, panel
judge
(of person) easy to take advantage of, trusting, gullible, naïve
a dowdy, dowdy woman
dowdy, frumpy
duet
duck (cloth)
duck
to duck
filament of a feather
treeless hill
wold honey
158
dúnland
dúnlendisc adj.
dúnlik adj.
Dúnsétə pl.
dúnälv
dúrən wk. I
dúsc
dúst
dústdrenk
dústi adj.
dústswarm
dústsúkənd
dút
dútful
dútmann
dútən wk. I
dúvə
dúvədoppə
dúvən str. II
dúz
dúzet
dúzur
dúzə
dúájə
dúájər
dúðhamr
dúƨə
dúəl
dúən wk. I
dúərə
dübbiən wk. II
dücesə
düci
düdriən wk. II
düdrung
düllən wk. I
dülstiħt adj.
dülstə
düng
dünging
düngən wk. I
düniən wk. II
dünjə
dünjən wk. I
dünt
düntən wk. I
dünyə
dünə
düppən wk. I
wold, treeless elevated land or chain of treeless hills
of the wold, of wold country
of a treeless hill, dwelling on a treeless hill
inhabitants of the mountains of Wales
wold-elf
to take hard, be upset about
douche
dust (esp. interior, or in the air)
drink made from the pulverized seeds of herbs
dusty (esp. interiorly or in the air)
dust-like swarm
vacuum cleaner
doubt = lack of belief, questioning; skepticism
skeptical
skeptic
to doubt = disbelieve, question
pigeon, dove (any species of which)
dabchick
to dive, plunge (intr.)
sober, steady, sedate, quiet, not flighty or frivolous
a sweet pie or custard (?)
a conciliatory present or gift, a bribe, a tip
sweetheart, a dear, a honey
receipt of dower, or condition of being a dowager or having a dower
dowager
some marsh-plant (OE = papyrus, sedge)
bossy woman
dowel
to endow
dower
to insist (on)
duchess
duchy
to delude
deluding, delusion
to hide, keep close, keep from appearing or being known, suppress
covered in or full of algae
alga; dülstən algae
basement
manuring
to manure
to make a din
compost
to compost
dint
to dint
a plant
din
to dip
159
dürn
framework of a doorway (?)
dürst
a dare, challenge
dürsti adj.
daring, venturesome, presumptuous, bold
dürstines
presumption, insolence, daring, boldness, arrogance, rashness
dürstla̋ cing
presumption, boldness
dürstla̋ cən wk. I
to presume, dare
düstən wk. I
to drop (something)
düttən wk. I
to stop up; to choke (of gas supply, etc.); to stall (of vehicle); to become
clogged or obstructed; to clog or obstruct
düvlungə adv.
headlong, with a plunge
düħti adj.
fit, trim, in good shape
düƨi adj.
silly (= unharmfully stupid, innocent, vacuous), blithely ignorant
düƨidóm
silly habit(s)
düƨiláting
antics
düƨines
silliness, ignorance
ditzy, dizzy (blonde, etc.)
düƨlik adj.
düƨʒiən wk. II
to be silly, be blithely ignorant
dű adj.
due (adj.)
Dűc adj.
German
Dűcland
Germany
a German
Dűcmann, Dűckwenə
dűk
duke
dűnə
dune
dűres
fortitude
dűrən wk. I
to last
diversion, that which leads astray from work or study
dűt
dűté
what is due; dues
dűving
immersion, plunging
dűvən wk. I
to plunge (tr.)
dűð
fuel
fuel injection
dűðinspirting
dűðker
fuel tank
̋
dűðmalə
fuel gauge
dűðzellə
fuel cell
natural gas
dűðħas
dűðþecging
fuel consumption
dəbawct
debauched
dəbawcən wk. I
to debauch
dədüyt
amusement (making to laugh or smile at something)
dəfawt
default
dəfawtən wk. I
to default
dəfendən wk. I
to defend (in court, or oneself, one’s motives), justify
dəfens
defense (in court; of one’s motives, of an ideology, etc.)
dəfinitiv
definitive
dəfinizyon
definition (of a word)
dəflúrən wk. I
to deflower
dəfrey
disorderly living
dəfázən wk. I
to deface
dəfíanz
defiance
160
dəfínən wk. I
to define (words)
dəfíən wk. I
to defy
dəfúlən wk. I
to talk down
dəgrádən wk. I
to degrade
dəgré
degree (of an angle)
dəgrébuʒ
protractor
dəlizis
delicious, luscious
dəlizə
tasty dish
dəlít
fascination
dəlítən wk. I
to be fascinated (on, by)
dəmeynə
property occupied by the owner himself (as opposed to held in tenure or
rented out)
dəmeynə2
bread of the finest quality
dəma̋ n
demeanour
dəmőr
demur
to demur
dəmőrən wk. I
dəním
denim
dəpresən wk. I
to depress
dəprávən wk. I
to defame
dərayn
vindication
to vindicate a claim
dəraynən wk. I
dərey
disarray
dəreyən wk. I
to disarray, throw into disarray
dəstreyntə
distress (legal sense)
dəstreynən
to distrain (legal sense)
dutiful act of civility or respect, pl. dutiful respects, courteous attentions,
dəveyr
addresses
ebbiən wk. II
to ebb
ebbə
ebb, low tide
ecelon
echelon (formation)
ecg
(cutting-)edge
murderer who uses a knife or sword
ecgbanə
ecghard adj.
hard of edge
ecghetə
hatred armed with edged weapons
ecghwäss adj.
keen-edged
ecging
sharpening
ecglåst
mark made by a sharp edge (knife, sword, etc.)
ecgplaʒə
swordplay, knifeplay, etc.
ecgþrak
attack with sword(s), knife/knives, or any edged weapon
ecgən wk. I
to give an edge to, sharpen
ecə
ache
ecəd
vinegar
ecədfät
vinegar-vessel
ecədwín
soured wine
edprefix indicating repetition, return, restitution, remedy (often differs from eftin indicating a repetition with an improvement or a change)
edburð
rebirth, renascence, renaissance
edbót
restitution, reparation; reclamation (of land, from wrongdoing)
161
edbőtən wk. I
to return to a former state or condition, restore; reclaim (from wrongdoing;
land); make good on past wrongdoing, make amends; reimburse
edbürdən wk. I
to regenerate (in religious or moral sense)
edbütliən wk. II
to rebuild, build over
edbəþenkən wk. I
to reconsider
edcärr
reversion
edcärrən wk. I
to revert
edcéyən wk. I
to recall
Edda
Edda
eddón anomal.
to redo
edfadiən wk. II
to rearrange
edfla̋ sciən wk. II
to reincarnate
̋
edflascung
reincarnation
edfüllən wk. I
to replenish
edgangən str. VII
to retrace one’s steps
to reconsider (a decision, etc.), take another look at, review
edgawiən wk. II
edgaynən wk. I
to win back
edgevən str. V
to give back, return
edgift
giving back, restitution
edgrówən str. VII
to grow again
regrowth
edgrőwð
edhald
retention
edhaldən str. VII
to retain, keep, conserve (articles); hold onto (memories)
edhaldəndə, edhaldsum adj.
retentive, conservative
edhirtən wk. I
to cheer up (someone), bring back to a cheerful mood
to reload; to recharge
edhladən str. VI
edhwarv
reversal
edhwärvdlik adj.
reversible
edhwärvən wk. I
to reverse
edhwërvən str. III
to keep going round, keep turning round
edhwürft
cycle
to rehabilitate (from illness or captivity)
edháblən wk. I
̋
edhıwiən wk. II
to reshape, reform, form again
edhı̋ wung
re-formation
edhücging
recollection
edhücgən wk. I irreg.
to recollect
edisc
game or wildlife preserve
ediscward
warden of a game or wildlife preserve
edizyon
edition (version of a book or publication)
edkwiddiən wk. I
to rehash
edkwidə
rehash
edkwik adj.
revived, restored to life
edkwëðən str. V
to report, relate, bring back news or information
edkwïkiən wk. II
to revive, restore to life, resuscitate
edkwïkumg
revival, resuscitation
edkwïkədə
person restored to life
edkëniən wk. II
to reproduce
edkënung
reproduction
edkóliən wk. II
to cool back to an original temperature, become cool again
162
edkőlnes
edkőlən wk. I
edlaðiən wk. II
edliviən wk. I irreg.
edlán
edlániən wk. II
edlániənd
edlánung
edla̋ cing
edla̋ cən wk. I
edléƨing
edléƨən wk. I
edlëƨing
edlëƨən str. V
edlëƨəndə adj.
edmenskən wk. I
edméltíd
edmélə
edmëten str. V
ednı̋ wingə adv.
ednı̋ wiən wk. II
ednı̋ wiənd
ednı̋ wung
ednı̋ wə adj.
ednı̋ wə adv.
edpay
edpayən wk. I
edpinƨiən wk. II
edreyƨən wk. I
edrist
edrok
edra̋ ring
edra̋ rən wk. I
edrökkən wk. I
edrökkənd
edrünə
edsamniən wk. II
edscellən wk. I
edsceppən str. VI
edscäft
edsendən wk. I
edsiħt
edslidə
edslídən str. I
edstaliən wk. II
edstalung
edstaðliən wk. II
edstellən wk. I
edstovnən wk. I
refreshment
to refresh
to reinvite (esp. to restore good relations or soothe feelings, etc.)
to relive
reward (esp. non-fig., tangible)
to reward (esp. non-fig., tangibly)
rewarder
rewarding (n.)
repetition
to repeat; reduplicate (letters)
redemption
to redeem (make amends or atone for)
check, review
to check, go over, review (the facts, e.g., to find errors, etc.)
checking, reviewing (adj.)
to rehabilitate (restore the character, reputation, privileges, etc. of a person)
(religious) festival time
religious festival
to remeasure
over again
to renew, renovate, restore
renovator, restorer
renewal, renovation, restoration
renewed
once more, once again (as before, as formerly)
recompense
to recompense
to reconsider (a matter, thing)
to resurrect (tr.)
resurrection
cud
rebuilding, reconstruction, restoration; Renaissance
to rebuild (fig.), restore
to ruminate, chew over and over
ruminant
rerun
to reassemble; to rally (an army)
to reverberate (and fig.)
to recreate
recreation [ri:krijeɩʃən], new creation
to refer (someone to someone)
a look again, review
relapse
to relapse
to restore
restoration
to reestablish; rebuild (friendship, reputation, etc.)
to repone, rehabilitate
to reinstate
163
edswaðiən wk. II
to retrace
edswőy
resonance, resonation
edswőyən wk. I
to resonate
edswőyənd
resonant (adj. and n.)
edsäcgən wk. I
to reiterate
edse̋ n str. V
to look (at) again; to review (a book, play, etc.)
edtakən str. VI
to repossess
edtimbring
reconstruction
to retouch
edtucən wk.I
edwalm
resurgent passion
edwend
return
edwendən wk. I
to return
edwindlik adj.
spiral
spirillum
edwindwïħt
edwində
spiral, helix
to recycle
edwirkən wk. I
edwist
consistency (being unchanged on repeated occasions)
edwistiən wk. II
to be consistent
edwistlik adj.
consistent
edwordiən wk. II
to reword, rephrase
edwordung
rephrasing, rewording
to rewrite
edwrítən str. I
edwällə
eddy
edwärping
recovery (from illness)
edwärpən wk. I
to recover (from illness)
edwít
reproach
edwítful adj.
reproachful
edwítlik adj.
reproachable
edwítlív
reproachable life
edwítscepə
opprobrim
edwítsprék
reproachful speech, a talking-to
person who reproaches people often?
edwítsprëkə
edwítən str. I
to make (a thing, acc.) a subject of reproach to a person (dat.), to remind
someone (dat.) of his failings or faults (acc.)
edyeld
repayment
edyeldən str. III
to repay
edyeldənd
one who repays
edyung adj.
rejuvenated, young again
edyëvən str. V
to return (on an investment)
edyüngən wk. I
to rejuvenate
edyəra̋ dən wk. I
to refit
edyəstrı̋ nən wk. I
to regain
edyəsäcgən wk. I
to recapitulate
edþencən wk. I
to reflect (upon)
edþenkən wk. I
to rethink
edþingiən wk. II
to reconcile, resolve (an issue, etc.)
edþóħt
reflection (thought)
edüppl adj.
#(OE = that is to be reviewed)
Efesisc
Ephesian
164
eft adv.
again, anew, a second time, once more (and prefix)
eftanfónd
one who accepts willingly again
eftanginn, eftantak
resumption
eftanginnən str. III, eftantakən str. VI
to resume
eftanyëtən str. V
to rethink, come to a new understanding of
eftbiddən str. V
to ask again, make a second request
eftborən adj.
born again
eftburð
rebirth
eftbót
restoration to health
eftbőting
restoration to health
eftbőtsum
analeptic, restorative
eftbőtən wk. I
to restore to health
eftcärrən wk. I
to turn again, turn around (in order to see the other side, to see both sides, etc.
as when checking or verifying one’s suspicions)
eftcéyən wk. I
to call again, call back, recall (the latter two also yäyncéyən, but the latter
with more emphasis on reversal)
eftflówing
redundance
eftflówən str. VII
to flow again, flow once more
eftfüllən wk. I
to refill
eftgadriən wk. II
to concentrate (?)
to shift again
efthwärvən wk. I
efthwërvən str. III
to recur
efthücgən wk. I irreg.
to think of again, bring to mind again
eftkalliən wk. II
to call again
eftkne̋ ris
a second generation (descent)
to come again, come back, visit again
eftkumən str. IV
eftkëniən wk. II
to regenerate (a limb, organ, etc.)
eftkënung
regeneration
eftkënəd adj.
regenerated
eftkóliən wk. II
to cool down once more
a coming again, revisiting
eftkümə
eftlaðiən wk. II
to invite again, invite once more
eftliviən wk. I irreg.
to live again, live once more, come back to life
eftlán
supplementary wages
eftlániən wk. II
to reward again
eftléƨing
rerelease
eftlív
revival (of a past thing)
eftlókiən wk. II
to look upon again or anew; to regard again or anew; to have a new opinion or
judgment of
eftmëtən str. V
to measure again
eftmündi adj.
recollecting (again), remembering (again)
̋
eftnıwung
#
eftnı̋ƨən wk. I
to visit again, revisit
eftprentə
reprint
eftprentən wk. I
to reprint
eftrédən str. VII
to read again, read a second time, reread
eftríƨən str. I
to rise again, resurrect (intr.)
eftrünə
continued course, flow, movement, or operation
eftsalə
resale
165
eftscáwiən wk. II
to look again
eftscóyən wk. II
to put on one’s shoes again (?)
eftsendən wk. I
to send again, resend
eftsittən str. V
to fall back, sink back (after climbing or rising); to sit back down; to subside;
to shrink back to normal size; to die down, quiet down, abate
eftspelliən wk. II
to recapitulate
eftspellung
recapitulation
eftsäcgən wk. I irreg.
to say again, repeat; tell again
̋
eftsen str. V
to see again; oð eftse̋ nə goodbye
eftsíð
revisiting, journey taken before
eftsíðiən wk. II
to revisit (by journeying)
eftsónə adv.
once again, once more (at this moment)
efttimbrən wk. I
to rebuild, build again
eftwërk
replica, reproduction
eftwürcən wk. I
to reproduce, replicate
eftwürd
recurrence
reunion
eftyəgadrung
eftyəmündi adj.
commemorative
eftyəmünʒiən wk. II
to recommemorate
eftyəåniən wk. II
to reunite (intr.)
to reunite (tr.)
eftyəa̋nən wk. I
eftérist
resurrection
eftʒiən wk. II
to repeat, reiterate
eftþencən wk. I
to think again
eftþenkən wk. I
to reimagine
eftþingung
re-intercession, re-advocacy
egal
indifferent
egg
ovum
eggən wk. I
to egg on, encourage, urge
Ekwador
Ecuador
Ekwadorisc adj.
Ecuadorian
eland
eland (type of antelope)
elboʒə
elbow
elcər adv. prep.
other than, apart from, besides; besides that, else
elefant
elephant
elektrik
electricity
elektrikinbütlərə
electrician
elektrikma̋ lə
electricity meter
elektriknett
electric supply network
elektrikserwing
electrical engineering
elektrikserwərə, elektrikenjinyur electrical engineer
elektriksokət
electrical outlet
elektrikwürħtə
electrician
elektrisc
electric(al)
elektroaymant
electromagnet
elektroaymantisc
electromagnetic
elektrobräynlíkə
electroencephalogram
elektrod
electrode
elektroevnyəliƨə
electrochemistry
166
elektrofetnes, elektrofetting
elektrohläd
elektrohåwərə
elektrohërtlíkə
elektrohërtma̋ lə
elektrolöyƨing
elektroma̋ lə
elektron
elektronik
elektronisc adj.
elektronlűtlhåwərə
elektronvolt
elektrostrïming
elektrotowʒ
elektroyépð
elektroþerapía
element
elfreməðung
elfreməðə
elfülcə
elhüyd
elixir
elland
ellendisc adj.
ellendə adj.
ellíps
ellípslik
ellən
battle
elləndéd
ellənful adj.
ellənhard adj.
ellənkräft
ellənlik adj.
ellənláƨ adj.
ellənla̋ cə
ellənla̋ cən
ellənmérð
ellənróv adj.
ellənstrív
ellənse̋ k adj.
ellənwërk
ellənwód adj.
ellənwódiən wk. II
ellənwódnes
ellənþrístə adj.
ellərn
ellərngråv
ellərnstubb
inductance
electric charge
electroscope
electrocardiogram
electrocardiograph
electrolysis
electrometer
electron
electronics
electronic
electron microscope
electron volt
(electric) resistance
electric cable
capacitance
electroshock therapy, electroconvulsive therapy
(chemical) element
alienation to another family or house
not related, of another family or house
foreign band or party, enemy
ecstasy (in old sense), distracted state of mind
elixir
foreign land or territory, foreign parts
unfamiliar, strange, different, unusual
alien
ellipse
elliptical
competitiveness, competitive spirit; zeal, passion, enthusiasm; Hist. zeal for
competitive act
competitive (person)
dauntless (esp. in battle or competition)
competitive skill
competitive, of competition
lacking competitive spirit, uninclined to compete
competitor
to compete
fame in competition
great in competition
competition
discouraged or disheartened from competing
competitive work
insanely competitive
to compete insanely
insane competitiveness
brazen in competition
elder (tree, bush)
elder-grove
decayed elder-stump
167
ellərntre̋
elder-wood
ellərntån
wicker (twig) made of elder
ellərnwürt
elderwort, dwarf-elder
elləƨ adv.
(or) else, otherwise
elləƨhwár adv.
elsewhere
elləƨhwät pron.
something else
elm
elm
elmbark
elm-bark
eln
forearm, lower arm; cubit (approx. 11/2 feet)
elnbån
ulna
elniən wk. II
to try to equal or surpass, emulate
elniənd
emulator
elnung
emulation (in the sense of trying to equal or surpass)
cubit-measure (approx. 11/2 feet)
elnyəmet
elrkost
alternative
elrkostlik adj.
alternative, alternate
elrkündha̋ mlik adj.
heterosexual
elrkünnlik adj.
heterogeneous
elrnamə
allonym
elrwíƨ
otherwise
elrërd
barbarism
elrërdi adj.
barbarous (mostly in non-specific and figurative senses, referring to use of
unrecognizable language, and from there uncivilizedness, lack of culture, etc.)
elrə adj.
another (a different, not the same), (the) other (not this one, not the same)
eltən wk. I
to pommel
strange creature, monster
elwïħt
elħtrə
lupine (plant)
elþe̋ d
foreign country
̋
elþedhatl adj.
xenophobic
elþe̋ dhetə
xenophobia
from another country, immigrant
elþe̋ di adj.
elþe̋ dilik adj.
born abroad
elþe̋ dines
foreign origin
elþe̋ disc adj.
foreign
to live abroad
elþe̋ diən wk. II
elþe̋ dung
foreign travel or residence
elþe̋ də
foreigner
embasad
embassy
embla̋ misc
emblematic
embla̋ mə
emblem
embrən
pail
emew
emu
eml
type of weevil or burrowing tree-worm
empríƨə
undertaking, enterprise (esp. of an adventurous or chivalric nature), emprise
emulƨifíən wk. I
to emulsify
emulƨyon
emulsion
enawntər conj.
in case that; lest by chance
endbürd
order (right sequence)
endbürdful
orderly
168
endbürdlik adj.
ordinal (numbers); pertaining to (right) order
endbürdnes
ordering, arrangement; organization
endbürdən wk. I
to order, put in the right order
endbürdənd
one who puts in the right order
endbürdəƨ adv.
in order (adv.)
enddaʒəƨ
last days, waning days, twilight (fig.)
enddáð
death as the end of life
enddäy
last day, day of death
endfurʒ
end-furrow
endiən wk. II
to end, finish (intr.)
endland
a strip of land in a ploughed field, left for convenience in turning the plough
at the end of the furrows, or near the border of the field (in which case ploughed last)
endlang
from end to end; endlangə from end to end, lengthwise, longitudinally
endlik
final
endlán
final reward
endláƨ adj.
endless, infinite, eternal
endláƨnes
endlessness, infinity, eternity
endlåv
last remnant, the last of something
endlív
life nearing its end
endmann (pl. -menn)
endman (in various sports); man of the world’s final age (in religious or
spiritual context)
endmél
endpoint; deadline
endnéxt adj.
extreme, final, last
endpuynt
endpoint; terminus
endpájə
last page
endr
latter
endspréc
epilogue
endstäv
end, conclusion
endtímə
end of life, end days
endung
ending
endwärk
pain in the buttocks
endive
endívə
endúment
endowment (permanent income provided by gift or bequest)
endúən str. I
to endow (provide a permanent income for an institution, society, or person
by gift or bequest)
endűment
induction (into something)
endűən wk. I
to induct (into)
endə
end
endəməst adj.
endmost
endəməƨ adv.
in secondment, secondingly; in agreement thereto
enerjíful
energetic
enerjíƨən wk. I
to energize
enerjíə
energy
enfiladə
enfilade (see OED, latest meaning)
eng
fertile plain
engl
angel
England
England
Englisc adj.
English
Engliscmann (pl. -menn)
Englishman
169
englkund adj.
of angelkind, angelic
englkünn
race of angels
engllik adj.
angelic, of angels
Englə pl.
the English
engrejən wk. I
to make (the heart, etc.) heavy
engråsən wk. I
to engross
engra̋ lən wk. I
to engrail (make a pattern of indentations on a knife, sword, edge, other)
enjin
engine
enjinyur
engineer
enjlírə
sphincter
enjnes
tightness, constriction; tight or constricted place
enjnesforħt
claustrophobic
enjnesfürħtə
claustrophobia
enjrokk
straitjacket
enjə adj.
tight (but not in senses ‘taut’, ‘tied’, rather ‘closed tight’, ‘tight-fitting’ (the
latter also sna̋ vr); cramped, confined, constricted, contained
enjən wk. I
to tighten, constrict
enklitik
enclitic (word)
enklitisc adj.
enclitic
enliftə adj.
eleventh
to enlist
enlistən wk. I
enlïvn adj.
eleven
ent
giant
entaylən wk. I
to entail (see OED, legal meaning is what I prefer, but ‘prescribe’ could serve
the purpose, I think)
entisc adj.
of the giants, of the giant race
entkünn
race of giants
entropyə
entropy
entríkən wk. I
to convolute
enta̋ cən wk. I
to imbue
envoy
envoy
envy
envyə
enƨüm
enzyme
enəd
drake
epakt
epact day, intercalary day
epistola
epistle (in all senses except “apostolic letter”, for which instead pisl)
epísod
episode (of a story, poem, etc.)
epísodisc
episodic
erbyər
first stomach of ruminants
eriən wk. I
to plough, till
erming
wretch, miserable person
ermð
(of things affecting people) vexation, harassment, affliction; (of condition)
distress, misery, unhappiness
ermən wk. I
(of things) to vex, harass, afflict (literally make someone unfortunate or
pitiable)
ernð
crop (of produce)
errant adj.
errant
ersc
stubble-field
erschanə
quail (male)
170
erschenn
erschennə
erting
ertsum adj.
ertən wk. I
ervbódl
ervbők, ervyəwrit
ervflit
ervfrist
ervhand
erviən wk. II
erviənd
ervland
ervlik
ervláƨ adj.
ervlåv
ervnes
ervnumə
ervstól
ervward
ervwardiən wk. II
ervwrítənd
ervyədål
ervyəstald
ervə
ervən wk. I
erw
eryən wk. I
erð
erðland
erðling
erðmärk
erʒð
erótisc
erótiscscepə
erə
on either side of the furrow
erədlik adj.
escən
esenzlik adj.
esenzə
esking
eskr
esping
espresso
essiən wk. II
ester
Estisc adj.
Estland
quail (female)
quail (either sex)
provocation
provocative
to provoke
patrimony (estate)
will, testament
dispute about an inheritance
legal formality or delay before entering on an inheriatnce
natural successor
to inherit
inheritor
inherited land
hereditary, heritable
without an inheritance, unprovided with an inheritance
heritage
heredity
heir
hereditary seat, home
guardian of an inheritance, estate manager
to guard an inheritance
will writer, testator
division of an inheritance
patrimony (property)
inheritance
to leave (by will), bequeath
depraved
to dishearten, dismay
ploughing
arable land
ploughman, husbandman, farmer
boundary of ploughed land
cowardice
erotic
eroticism
ridge between furrows, esp. the earth turned up by ploughing which heaps up
arable
wooden pail or shallow tub (wooden, not metal)
quintessential
quintessence
gutter under the eaves
esker
longboat
espresso
to waste away
ester
Estonian
Estonia
171
estr
situation
estrþema
leitmotiv (specifically of a character or situation)
Etruskisc adj.
Etruscan
ettən wk. I
to provide food for (esp. of land)
etənlik
edible
evn adj.
even (in all modern English senses)
evning
rival
evnlik adj.
chemical
evnlåst
some plant (similar to the herb mercury? See evenlesten in OED)
evnmidd adj.
exact middle (adj.), central
evnmőtən wk. I
to meet up to, meet (requirements, expectations, demands, needs, etc.); to
meet face to face
evnnes
evenness
evnnú adv.
just now, just (temporal)
evnserwing
chemical engineering
evnyəliƨə
chemistry
evnə adv.
evenly
evnə
substance (chem.)
evnən wk. I
to make even
evnət
plain, flatland
to rival
evnətən wk. I
evnəƨ adv.
adv. just
evətə
newt
ewd
sheepfold (?)
ewdə
flock (of sheep)
ewki adj.
yolky (of wool), greasy with yolk (lanolin), as unwashed wool
yolk, lanolin, the greasy substance excreted by the sebaceous glands in the
ewkə
skin of sheep to make their wool soft and moist
ewr
ewer
Ewrópa
Europe
Ewrópisc
European
ewrópyum
europium
ewstrə
sheepfold
ewə
ewe
exorcist
exorcist (probably will develop a native word for this)
extra adj.
extra, additional
ey interj.
okay
eyful adj.
terrified
eyl
tassel of maize
eylik adj.
terrifying
eylnes
(the giving or causing of) trouble, difficulty; state of being bothersome,
unwanted, unwelcome, troublesome, hated, annoying, irksome, etc.
eyláƨ adj.
undaunted, unperturbed
eylə adj.
bothersome, unwanted, unwelcome, troublesome, hated, annoying, irksome
eylən wk. I
to bother, trouble, bedevil, irk, irritate, pester, annoy, plague, molest, afflict
eymərə
embers
eyn
husk
eynes
uneasiness
eyrə
circuit court
172
eyðə
harrow
eyðən wk. I
to harrow
eyðərə
harrower
eyƨful adj.
terrible, dreadful, awful
eyƨgrímə
terror-mask, terrifying or frightening mask
eyƨi adj.
terrifying, dreadful
eyƨiən wk. II
to terrify
eyƨlik adj.
phenomenal
eyƨung
terrorizing, terror (active)
eyƨə
terrifying thing, event, or phenomenon, that which causes terror
eyə
terror
ezən wk. I
to etch (with acid)
eħidna
echidna
eƨnkund adj.
of the class of a labourer
eƨnlik adj.
of or like a labourer or hireling
= eƨnə
eƨnmann (pl. -menn)
eƨnwürħtə
labourer
eƨnə
labourer, hireling
facgən wk. I
to get on well, be happy, be comfortable (with; in a place); to ‘hit it off’ (with
a person), get along; to get on, succeed, thrive
fad
fad
to arrange, dispose, put in a particular arrangement
fadiən wk. II
fadiənd
arranger
fadlən wk. I
to fiddle with
fadung
(particular) arrangement, disposition
fagg
plaice
to work wearily and reluctantly or halfheartedly, work poorly
faggən wk. I
fagot
bundle of sticks, twigs, etc. used as fuel
fakiən wk. II
to get to (a place), get (somewhere), make it (somewhere, or to a goal)
fal
tube
fald
fold (ply)
faldkarton
folder
faldstól
folding chair (camping chair, etc.)
faldən str. VII
to fold
fali adj.
tubular
Falklandéyəƨ
Falkland Islands
fallə
trap-pit
fallən str. VII
to fall (also fig.)
falləndlik
unstable, perishable, transient
fallətən wk. I
to fall down, fall over, take a fall
falsetto
falsetto
faltrən wk. I
to falter
falu adj.
fallow, pale yellow, sallow, sickly yellow
falvr
some bird (OE = bittern)
falwiən wk. II
to become fallow, turn yellow, become pale or sallow or sickly yellow
falʒ adj.
fallow (adj.), sickly yellow, sallow
falʒiən wk. II
to fallow
falʒə
fallow land, fallow (n.)
falƨ adj.
false, not true; fraudulent
173
falƨdóm
falƨhåd
falƨiən wk. II
falƨlik
falƨnamə
falƨən wk. I
faləd
falədgang
falədhríðr
falədiən wk. II
famlən wk. I
fanbürdə adj.
fand
fandiən wk. II
fandlik adj.
fandléƨing
fandung
fandərə
fang
fangiən wk. II
fank
fann
fannbelt
fanniən wk. II
fanon
fantaƨm
fantaƨyə
fanzi adj.
fanə
far
farand
farbók
farbőnə
fard
Farisé
Fariséisc adj.
farkost
farkoðə
farkronik
farlust
farlávə
farm
farmazisc adj.
farmazyə
farmetə
farmiən
farmung
farmungkust
farnes
fallacy
falsehood
to be false
fallacious
pseudonym
to falsify
fold (enclosure, pen, sty, stall, stable)
going to the fold (enclosure)
stalled cattle
to make a fold (for), hurdle off (sheep, etc.)
to make a mistake in speech, stammer
standard-bearing
experiment, trial
to try (in all English senses)
tentative
(criminal) probation
try, attempt; trial, sampling
trier
prize; booty, plunder; prey, catch
to mortise, join fitting parts
dishwater
fan
fanbelt, fan belt
to fan
priest’s maniple
a vision, apparition
fantasy (especially as a form of fiction)
fancy
pennant
travel, trip, journey
sociable, convivial, gregarious
itinerary
stowaway (on a ship)
outset, setting out, start, departure
Pharisee
of the Pharisees
means of travel
epidemic
record of travels
wanderlust
passport
shipment, truckload
pharmaceutical
pharmacy
food for a journey, trip, or travel
to ship (goods)
shipping (of goods)
(cost of) shipping
traffic, passage
174
farnest
farniən wk. II
farr
farrlik adj.
farscattəƨ
fart
fartax
farwel interj.
farwey
farzűrə
farzən wk. I
farə
farəbringnes
farən str. VI
farəð
farəðhenjəst
farəðrídən str. I
farəðstrét
fas
fasca
fascism
fascistə
fascínə
fascən wk. I
fasniən wk. II
fasnung
fastiən wk. II
fastung
fasád
fatiən wk. II
fawcon
fawkon
fawl
fawn
fawnt
fawnzə
fawsət
fawt
fawti
fawtən wk. I
fawvəl
fax
faxhlað
faxən wk. I
fay
fayd
fayl
faylən wk. I
fayləndə adj.
food for a journey
to do well, make money
ox = castrated adult bull
of an ox
passage-money, money for a journey
paint (esp. white paint) for the face
fare
farewell
thoroughfare
stuffing
to stuff (chicken, turkey, sausages, etc.)
traveller
travelogue
to travel, journey
current; stream (in fig. senses)
poet. stream-stallion, ship
to sail
navigable current, ‘streamway’
phase
fascia (architecture)
fascism
fascist
fascine
to give trouble, cause hassle, be difficult
to fasten
fastening
to commit oneself, commit to
commitment
façade
to hold, contain
falchion
falcon
evil spirit
faun, satyr
immature adult, childish man or woman
affiance
vent-peg, stopper
(moral, character) flaw, fault; fault, failing, defect
faulty
to be faulty
cheap imitation (of something)
fax
fax machine
to fax
fairy
feud (violent quarrel between clans or families, vendetta)
shortcoming
to be lacking, be deficient, be wanting, fall short
deficient, wanting, lacking, falling short
175
fayryə
fairy-land, imaginary place
fayt
feat
faytis
skilfully made, neat
faytlik adj.
impressionable
faytur
impostor
faytűrə
feature (visible feature)
faytən wk. I
to impress, put in awe of
fazon
fashion (clothes)
fashion show
fazonwa̋ vð
fazət
facet
faðsun
father’s sister’s son
faðə
paternal aunt
faʒniən wk. II
to fawn
fegg
handsome
fel adj.
fell
feld
open or cultivated (i.e. unwooded) land, open country, plain
feldbiscəpwürt
field-bishopwort
feldbı̋
bumblebee
feldcircə
country church
feldgangəndə adj.
roaming through the fields and open land
feldhríð
field-cow or field-bull (one out to pasture)
feldhríðr
field-cattle
feldhúƨ
field-house, cabin, tent
feldland
level open plain or unenclosed land
feldlik adj.
of the open country, wild
feldléƨu
pasture in open country
feldmintə
fieldmint, wild mint
feldmorə
parsnip
feldmädrə
fieldmadder (Sherardia arvensis)
feldoxə
field-ox, but see oxə and feldhríð
wild rue
feldrúdə
feldsetn
? country plantation ?
feldsparr
feldspar
feldswamm
toadstool
feldwarə
fieldfare
feldwóp (feldhoppə?)
plantain
feldwőstən
barrenlands
feldwürt
gentian
feldälvən
nymph
fell
hide, skin (of an animal, usu. with the hair, fur, or wool); coat (of a living
animal, skin with hair, fur, or wool)
fellkürv
cutting of hide? (OE = foreskin)
fellnes
felled trees?
fellstüccə
piece of hide
felmə
pellicle
felon
felon
felonyə
felony
felt
felt
feltrən wk. I
to mat together (hair, etc.)
176
feltwurmə
wild marjoram
feltwürt
mullein (plant)
feltún
dunghill, dungheap
feltúngrép
sewer or channel from a dunghill
feltən wk. I
to felt
feltərə
some plant
felʒ
felly/felloe, circular part of a spoked wheel; circumference
felʒrolə
polypody, rockcap fern
felən str. IV pret. fal, fálən, ppl. folən
to put away, put aside, put by, keep in reserve (<Scandinavian)
femələ
female (of an animal)
fendən wk. I
to fend
feng
seizure, seizing (by force); taking, capture (of a stronghold, of enemies, etc.);
(forceful, active) acquisition
fengl
entertainment star
fengnett
catching-net
fengtóð
canine tooth
fenl
fennel
fenlséd
fennel-seed
fenn
bog (esp. as wet, spongy soil, but also as a type of swamp)
fennamprə
some bog plant
fennfisc (?)
bog-fish (if such a thing can exist!)
fennfrïð
bog-refuge
fennfuʒl
moorfowl
fennfärn
bog-fern
fennhlið
slope of a bog
fennhop
dry land surrounded by bog
fenni adj.
boggy
fenniħt adj.
deeply boggy
fennkressə
type of cress
fennland
boggy land
fennlik adj.
pertaining to bogs
water-mint
fennmintə
fennyəlåd
bog-path, route through a bog
fennþäcc
thatch obtained from a bog
fennűcə
salamander that lives in bogs
fenogrék
fenugreek
fens
barrier
fensən wk. I
to block, prevent
fent
the slit in a robe closed by a brooch or trimmed with fur
fenəstrsparərə
screensaver
fenəstrtåkn
desktop (computer start screen)
fenəstrə
(tv-, computer-) screen, monitor
ferfərlimp
traffic accident
fering
transport, transportation; conveyance
feriən wk. I
to convey, transport, carry (by vehicle)
ferkiən wk. II
to get somewhere, make it somewhere
ferkung
journey, course, progress (i.e. ‘getting somewhere’, ‘making it to
somewhere’)
ferliən wk. II
to furl
177
ferlə
ferm adj.
fermison
fermyon
fermyum
fermə
fermən wk. I
fern adj.
ferndóm
fernes
fernlik adj.
ferntens
feromón
ferrishwe̋ l
fersókə
ferwáð
feryə
feryəbåt
feryəmang
ferð
ferðingwürt
ferðə
ferħþ
ferħþbanə
ferħþcari adj.
ferħþfrek adj.
ferħþfriðiən wk. II
ferħþgláw adj.
prudent, careful, or thoughtful
ferħþgrimm adj.
ferħþklëvə
ferħþkovə
ferħþlokə
ferħþluvə
ferħþsëvə
ferħþwőri adj.
ferħþyəníðlə
ferħþyəwitt
festing
festr
festón
festű
festən wk. I
relationship, connection, etc.)
fetisc
fetiən wk. II
fetl
fetlak
fetlhilt
ferule
subsidized, controlled (rent, price)
close time when animal are not allowed to be killed
fermion
fermium
subsidized dwelling, rent-controlled dwelling
to subsidize (rent, dwelling); control, fix (prices, rent)
past, former; last; ðə fernə yér = last year; fern Wónƨdäy = last Wednesday
the past (also grammatical)
means of transportation, vehicle (including sea-, air-, and space-vehicles)
of old, of the past, former
past tense, preterite
pheromone
Ferris wheel
vehicular itinerant
phloem
ferry ((route of or place for) conveyance by boat)
ferryboat (in North America, often simply ‘ferry’)
(vehicular) traffic
coterie, circle
camomile
lining of the stomach
deepest feelings or thoughts, soul, mind, heart, spirit, conscience
one who kills ones’ deepest feelings, killjoy
deeply careful or cautious
wayward
to be at peace (with), to still one’s demons (about)
deeply perceptive, discriminating, or discerning; deeply sagacious; deeply
deeply savage
breast, bosom
breast, bosom
breast, bosom, body
heartfelt love
deep or profound understanding, profound compassion
confused, scatterbrained, irrational
profound enemy
deepest conscience
a securing, fixing
fistula
festoon
fescue
to secure, make secure, fix, make fast, fasten, make firm, confirm; establish (a
fetish
to fetch, (go and) get, obtain; pick up (in a vehicle for a rendezvous or outing)
waist-band, cummerbund, waist-sash (sasc = shoulder-sash)
fetlock
swordhilt with a ribbon or belt around it
178
fetting, fetnes
fettən wk. I
Fevərəl
few
fewd
fewlik adj.
fewtr
feynd adj.
feyning
feynt
feyntíƨə
feynən wk. I
feyrə
feyð
feyðful
feyðláƨ
feðr
feðrbedd
feðrbérə adj.
feðrbërəndə adj., n.
feðrhamə
feðrkräft
feðryarwəƨ pl.
feðryəwërk
feðrən wk. I
fes
fibrin
fibrinojen
ficcən wk. I
ficgən wk. I
ficiw
figgən wk. I
figúrə
filandrə
filberd
fild
fildkumb
fildə adj.
Filippisc
Filipínisc
Filipínland
Filistin
fillə
fillən adj.
filmən
filmənscåding
filosof
filtr
filtrən wk. I
induction
to induce, bring on
February
right to or condition of holding land in return for service or tribute
fee-simple
feudal
lance point
affected (mannerisms, accent, etc.)
pretending, pretence; affectation
half-conscious
pretense, affectation
to pretend; to affect (airs, an accent; assume a false appearance of)
a fair
faith
faithful, full of faith, believing, trusting, confident
faithless, diffident, lacking faith
feather
feather-bed
having feathers, feathered
bearing feathers; feathered creature
plumage, covering of feathers
embroidery with feathers
feather-gear, the feathers of an arrow
work of feather-embroidery
to provide with feathers; to become fledged
fez
fibrin
fibrinogen
to drive in (a nail or similar); to force in (a door)
to be restless or impatient, fidget
polecat
to pace impatiently
figure
(thread-like) intestinal worm
filbert
curdled milk
#(OE = milk-pail)
field-like, of the nature of a plain
Philippian
Philippine, Filipino
Philippines
Philistine
thyme
made of hide (animal skin)
membrane
dialysis
philosopher
filter
to filter
179
filəðə
finanzisc
finanzə
finding
findən str. III
fingr
fingrdokkə
fingrlik adj.
fingrlið
fingrmél
fingrnäyl
fingräppl
finiscən wk. I
Finn
finn
Finnisc
Finnland
fintə
firkund adj.
firlik adj.
firlən adj.
firma
firmð
firmə
firmən wk. I
firmətən wk. I
firn
firnbalu
firndéd
firnfremməndə adj.
firnful adj.
firnhücgənd
firniən wk. II
firnkräft
firnlik adj.
firnliyriən wk. II
firnlust
firnlustful adj.
firnlustyërn adj.
firnläħtr
firnsünn
firnsünni adj.
firntåkniən wk. II
firnwërk
firnwürcəndə adj.
firnwürħtə
firnyërn adj.
firnärvəð
firnþarv
fine-cut straw or hay used as fodder
financial
finance
finding
to find
finger
finger-muscle (or sinew)
belonging or pertaining to a finger or the fingers
finger-segment
finger’s length
fingernail
finger-shaped fruit (date?)
to finish
a Finn
fin; flipper
Finnish
Finland
tailfin
personal, subjective
personal
remote, distant, far off
firm, company
entertainment (of guests), accommodation, harbouring (of guests)
the cleaning, upkeep (of a house or similar institution)
to clean (around the house or similar establishment), do the cleaning
#(OE = to ask, beg; see Köbler)
outrage (outrageous act)
outrageous harm
outrageous deed, crime
promoting outrageous activity, promoting sinful harm
excessively violent or harmful (person), outrageous (person)
one who considers or meditates on doing outrage
to outrage
wickedness
outrageous (act, behaviour, etc.)
to commit fornication
evil lust, evil desires or appetite, appetite for reckless harm
lewd, wanton, bawdy (act, thought, place)
lusty, lascivious, randy, wanton (person)
outrageous vice
outrageous sin
sinning outrageously
to mean outrageous harm
outrageous doing(s)
wreaking outrage
outrage-practitioner
violence-loving, excessively reckless
outrageous difficulty
dire need
180
firnþe̋ v
firnəm adv.
firr adv.
firrma̋ lə
firrsiħt
firrə adj.
firrə
firrən wk. I
first
firsthróv
firwíƨlik
firwíƨə
firʒən
firʒənbukkə
firʒənbërʒ
firʒəngåt (pl. -ga̋ t)
firʒənholt
firʒənstrám
firʒəntre̋
firƨn
firə
fisc
fiscbrínə
fiscdáʒ
fiscflód
fischúƨ
fisciən wk. II
fisckájə
fisckünn
fisclowʒ
fiscmerə
fiscnett
fiscpark
fiscpól
fiscwällə adj.
fiscwällə
fiscwór
fiscþrút
fiscərə
fiscəð
fisk
fisklik
fiskən wk. I
fisl
fitlfót adj.
fiton
fitrstikkə
fitrən wk. I
fitt
dastardly thief
malignant(ly)
further, farther
telemeter
(visual) perspective
the far, further (side, one)
distance
to distance (oneself), set apart, set off, set at a distance from; refl. withdraw
ridgepole, ridge of a roof
ceiling with a ridgepole
idiosyncratic
idiosyncrasy
wooded upland, high forest
wild goat, ibex
wooded mountain
mountain-goat
upland woods or standing timber
mountain- or woodland- (wooded upland-) stream
upland tree
ankle-tendon
individual, person
a fish; Fiscəƨ Pisces
fish-brine
fish-dye
‘fish-flood’, sea
place where fish is sold
to fish
aquarium (in a house)
‘fish-kind’, the ‘race’ of fish, fish in general
pool or reservoir of fish
large fishpond
fishing-net
(public) aquarium
fishpond
abounding in fish
fishpond with an upwelling
weir, fish-weir
school of fish
fisherman
fishery
exchequer, treasury (esp. of a state)
fiscal
to scamper about
fistula
#(OE = white-footed)
a fiction, invention
#(OE = tent-nail)
to become worn
crisis
181
fitt2
fittiən wk. II
fittən wk. I
fivlə
fix adj.
fixing
fixən wk. I
fiðlə
fiðlərə
fiðləstrə
fiðrkiən wk. II
fiðrláƨ adj.
fiðrsläħt
fiðrə
fiðrən wk. I
fiħl
fiƨlən wk. I
flabb
flabbi adj.
flagg
flagg2
flaggən wk. I
flagrant adj.
flak adj.
flakkən wk. I
flakon
flakr adj.
flakriən wk. II
flakrən wk. I
flakə
flakən wk. I
flakət
flamengo
flamikə
flan
Flandrəƨ
flank
flanəl
flapp
flappiən wk. II
flarən wk. I
etc.)
flascə
flascən wk. I
flaskə
flat adj.
flatriən wk. II
flatriəndə adj.
flatrərə
stanza, canto, section of a poem or song
to be in crisis
to go together, match (e.g. colours), be compatible
barrette
fixated; immobile; stuck
fixation
to fixate, stay fixed (on); to get stuck (on, in)
fiddle
fiddler
female fiddler
to flutter
without wings
flapping of wings (?)
wing
to provide with wings
shred
to fizzle
flab(biness), loose flesh
flabby
flag
(hot or cold) compress (applied to a sore or inflamed location)
to flag, signal with a flag
flagrant, gross (violation, e.g.)
hanging down, drooping, pendulous; sagging
to flap (the wings, the arms) (< Scandinavian)
flacon
fluttering, flying about
to flutter about
to flap (such as a flag), hang loose (as a cloth, garment, etc.) (<Scandinavian)
flake
to fall as a snowflake does
barrel-shaped vessel for holding liquor
flamingo
a confection made of eggs, cheese, and butter
puff of wind
Flanders
flank (mil.)
flannel
flip
to flip
to flare (curve outward or upward, as the nostrils, or the bell of a trumpet,
lapping, lashing (of waves, etc.)
(of waves, etc.) to lap or lash (against)
flask
flat
to propitiate
propitiatory
one who propitiates
182
flattən wk. I
to flatten
flatəryə
propitiation
flawmlik
flammable, inflammable
flame
flawmə
flawn
crêpe
flawntən wk. I
to strut coquettishly, swivel the hips, walk with swivelling hips, to get men’s
attention or admiration
flawtiən
to play the flute
flawtə
flute
flayr
sense of smell
flaðə
filet, fillet
flaʒ
floe; tectonic plate
flaʒə
piece of sod (esp. cut out from turf)
flaʒə2
flagstone
flaƨə
blaze
to blaze
flaƨən wk. I
fleccən wk. I
to wince
fleccərə
fletcher, (bow and) arrowmaker
fleggə
flag (plant), ‘acorus’
flekk
fleck
flecked, spotted
flekkədə
flekə
a frame, rack, or stage used for drying or storing produce, fish, provisions,
etc.
flencən wk. I
to flinch
flett
corridor, hall(way)
flettpäð
hallway
flettrest
bench in a corridor
flettsittənd
sitter in a hall, courtier, guest
flettwërəd
hall-company, bodyguard(s)
flettyəfëħt
(fighting in the corridor)?
(corridor-property)?
flettyəstald
flewm
fleam (blood-letting instrument)
fleyl
a weapon consisting of a lead or iron ball covered with spikes, attached to a
chain which is itself attached to a staff
fleyðing
flirtation
fleyðən wk. I
to flirt
fleyðən, fleyðsum adj.
flirtatious
fleðr
blarney
fleðrən wk. I
to blarney, use blarney on
fliccə
side of bacon, flitch
flikkən wk. I
to snap or flick the fingers
flikr adj.
unsteadfast, wavering
flikriən wk. II
to bat the eyelashes; to flirt
flindr
fragment, piece, splinter
flindrən wk.
to scamper
flingən str. III
to fling
flint
flint
flintən adj.
of flint
flip
fillip
183
flipən wk. I
flirtən wk. I
flirən wk. I
fliscən wk. I
fliski adj.
fliskən wk. I
flit
flitful adj.
flitkräft
flitkräftlik adj.
flitlik adj.
flitrən wk. I
flityërn adj.
floggiən wk. II
flokk
flokkiən wk. II
flokkméləm adv.
flokkråd
flokkə
flonzə
flonzən wk. I
floppi adj.
floppən wk. I
florin
flot
flotde̋ rəƨ
flotfódə
flotgrőwð
flotherə
floti adj.
flotines
flotiən wk. II
flotlik adj.
flotmann (pl. -menn)
flotriən wk. II
flotscip
flotske̋ lə
flotsmëru
flotwey
flotə
flowstr
flowstrən wk.I
floxfőtə /floxfótədə adj.
floxən wk.
floðr
floʒferərə
floʒkarpentərə
floʒknoss
floʒrán
to fillip
to turn up one’s nose, scoff, sneer
to fleer, sneer
to lop, lop off, cut off (flesh esp.)
restive
to make uneasy
(convincing) argument, item of logic; nédəƨ flit syllogism
logical (person), methodical
logic, reasoning
of logic
logical (reasoning, etc.); nédəƨ flitlik syllogistic
to flicker, flutter, move or dance (fig.) about from a fixed position
fond of argument or reasoning
to pounce
body of persons (functioning as a unit); flock
to congregate, flock together
in flocks, in bodies
infringing flock (of animals)
flock of wool
flounce (ruffle)
to flounce
floppy
to flop
florin
drift
zooplankton
plankton
phytoplankton
piratical fleet
buoyant
buoyancy
to float
naval, nautical
sailor, member of a fleet or the navy
to bob (up and down)
bark (ship)
pontoon (float)
floating grease
ocean
fleet
fluster
to fluster
web-footed
to jerk, kick
lamina, flake (of metal, wood)
airplane pilot
air mechanic
plane crash
hijack; rán dón am floʒən hijack a plane
184
floʒränn
floʒstrét
floʒstı̋ rə
floʒsund
floʒtill
floʒðə
floʒə
floʒətən wk. I
floħtə
floħtənfőtə, floħtənfótədə adj.
floƨ
flumbarding
flumpən wk. I
flundr
flundrə
flunjen wk. I
flunkən wk. I
flunƨən wk. I
fluretə
fluriscən wk. I
fluron
flurr
fluscən wk. I
fluskən wk. I
flustr
flustriən wk. II
flutriən wk. II
fluʒl adj.
flá
flám
flámdóm
Fláming
Flámisc
flámlåst
flámyəhüyd
flán str. VI
flát adj.
fláw
fláwürt
flån
flånboʒə
flånhräð adj.
flåniħt adj.
flånyəwërk
flånþrak
flåʒ adj.
flärd
flärdiən wk. II
flärdərə
hangar
runway, landing strip, airstrip
captain (of an airplane)
butterfly stroke
air terminal
liquor
airplane
to fluctuate
state of agitation or excitement, flurry
web-footed
floss
fiery, ardent person
to flump, plump (down)
lighter
flounder (fish)
to fly or be flung out with sudden impetus
to back out (of an agreement, a commitment, etc.)
to flounder
little flower
to blossom (fig.), be in one’s prime
floral decoration, flower-ornament
flurry
to flush
to fly up suddenly and quickly, to start up and fly away
braid, plait
to braid, plait
to hover
elusive (evasive?)
flea
flight, exile; refuge, retreat (from the world)
refuge, exile, retreat (all in abstract sense)
Fleming
Flemish
pursuit of retreat from the world
escapism
to flay
near the (water’s or ground’s) surface, not at depth
thin, diluted, watery; not dense, sparse
fleabane
dart, small arrow
bow for darts or small arrows
arrow-swift
bearing darts or small arrows
shooting gear, collection of small arows or darts
onset or attack with small arrows or darts
sly, crafty, deceitful
nonsense, folly, vanity, superstition
to indulge in nonsense or nonsensical beliefs, waste one’s time, be vain
one who wastes time on nonsense or vanity
185
fläx
fläxhamm
fläxlínə
fläxyəskot
fläxäkr
fläðə, fläðrwürt
fläðəkamb
fläħt
fla̋ cən wk. I
talk into, coax, cajole, wheedle
fla̋ sc
fla̋ scbanə
fla̋ scburð
fla̋ scbəsmitənnes
fla̋ sccéping
fla̋ schamə
fla̋ schord
fla̋ schúƨ
fla̋ sci adj.
fla̋ sciħt adj.
fla̋ sciən wk. II
fla̋ sckovə
fla̋ sckwellərə
fla̋ sclik adj.
fla̋ scliknes
fla̋ scmangərə
fla̋ scmaðə
fla̋ scmetə
fla̋ scnes
fla̋ scrot
fla̋ scsand
fla̋ scstrét
fla̋ sctawung
fla̋ sctawərə
fla̋ sctóð (pl. -tőð)
used to chew meat)
fla̋ scwürm
fla̋ scét
fla̋ scétə
fla̋ scþeynung
fla̋ scəd adj.
fla̋ scən adj.
fla̋ ħþ/flåʒnes
flé
fléming
flémə
flémən wk. I
flémənfërm, flémənbërʒ
flétə
flax
flax field
line made of flax
levy of flax
land devoted to growing flax
water-lily
weaver’s comb
shred or strip of fur or (usually fur-covered) hide
to say what people want to hear, to compliment, flatter, console, support; to
flesh
one who murders by assaulting the flesh
incarnation
#(OE = defilement of the flesh)
selling of flesh (i.e. usually in sexual sense)
body, carcass
hoard of flesh
bawdy house, brothel
fleshy
full of flesh, excessively fleshy
to incarnate
body
executioner (by assaulting the flesh)
fleshly, carnal, corporeal
incarnate condition
pimp or madam (seller of carnal delights)
maggot
meat, animal food, kind of food consisting of flesh
incarnation
gangrene
#(OE = portion of meat)
redlight district of a town or city
toning of the flesh, body workout
bodybuilder, one who works out the muscles
one of the teeth (which one is unknown, but probably a molar since these are
maggot
meal of flesh
carnivore
prostitution
incarnate
of flesh
slyness, craftiness, deceitfulness
albugo, a white spot in the eye
fugitive, exile (n.)
fugitive (n.)
to put to flight, banish, exile, drive away
offence of sheltering fugitives from justice
cottage cheese
186
fléyən wk. I
wish to leave
flëniən wk. II
flëħtə
flëƨwiən wk. II
fle̋ n str. II
fle̋ t
fle̋ t adj.
fle̋ twürt
fle̋ tə
fle̋ tən str. II
fle̋ təndə adj.
fle̋ tərə
fle̋ ʒkünn
fle̋ ʒnett
fle̋ ʒrift
fle̋ʒə
fle̋ʒən str. II
fle̋ʒənd
fle̋ʒəndə adj.
flíp
flípən wk. I
flítən str. I
flítərə
flı̋ ƨ
fló
flód
flódblåk adj.
flódeyƨə
flódhamm
flódlik adj.
flódwall
flódwalm
flódward
flódwey
flódwud
flódűð
flódə
flódən adj.
flók
flókə
flókən str. VII
flór
flórstoff
flórstån
flótə
flów
flówing
flówsum adj.
to disconcert, make discomposed, uneasy, or uncomfortable, make (someone)
to splay out, spread, sprawl
shutter, (window-)blind; Venetisc flëħtə Venetian blind
to grimace
to flee
estuary
rapid, swift
seaweed
raft
to drift
drifting
type of ship
‘fly-kind’, the species of fly
fly-net
fly-screen
fly
to fly (tr. and intr.)
flying thing
flying
flap
to pull off, strip
to argue, quarrel, dispute, contend; nédəƨ flítən to syllogize
disputer, disputant, brawler, schismatic
fleece
splinter of stone, stone chip
flood
pale as water? pale through fear of drowning?
flood-terror
piece of land surrounded by water?
of or produced by a flood
levee, embankment to prevent the overflow of a river
flood surge
flood-barrier
flood-channel, overflow channel
wood, logs, etc. in a flood or stream
flood-wave, tsunami
channel, gutter
of a flood, originating from a flood
fluke (of an anchor or a whale’s tail)
sole (fish)
to clap
floor
flooring
stone of the floor, stone tile
ensemble
flow
flowing (n.)
fluid
187
flówən str. VII
flówəndə adj.
flöw adj.
flöy
flőding
flődə adj.
flődən wk. I
flőking
flőkt
flőktnes
flőkən wk. I
flőring
flőwƨə
flúr
flúri adj.
flúrid
flúrisc adj.
flúrkawl
flúrmann
flúrscímiən wk. II
flúrscímung
flúrscíməndə adj.
flúrín
flücgə adj.
flüm
flünə
flütt
flüttən wk. I
flütə
flüyfering
flüyfirma
flüyfärd
flüyhåst
flüyhåstesə
flüyhävn
flüymann
flüymálə
flüynakə
flüypíl
flüyre̋ w adj.
flüysnoffi
flüyspürd
flüytax
flüytikət
flüywíƨung
flüywíƨərə
flüyə
flüħt
flüħthwät adj.
to flow
flowing (adj.)
maudlin
little ship
flooding
in flood
to flood
complication
complicated, complex
complexity
to complicate, make complicated or complex
storey, floor (of a storeyed building)
flux (rate of flow)
flowering plant, flower
flowery, full of flowers
fluoride
flowery (language), florid
cauliflower
florist
to fluoresce
fluorescence
fluorescent
fluorine
fit to fly, having the feathers fully developed, fledged
channel (of a river or the sea)
batter
move (change of residence)
to move (change residence) (tr. and intr.)
flotilla (fleet of boats)
air transport
airline
air force
(male) flight attendant
stewardess, (female) flight attendant
airport
aviator
air mail
aircraft
flying dart (without feathers or wings)
savage or wild in flight
airsick
aerodrome
airfare
flight ticket, airline ticket
air traffic control
air traffic controller
flight (flying)
flight (fleeing); escape
brisk of flight, quick-flying
188
flüħtwűsc
escapism
flüħtə
plaid
flű
fluff, flue
flűm
flume
fnorə
sneeze
fnäd
ruff (of a bird or animal)
fnäƨ
frill, ruffle
fnérən wk. I
to breathe heavily
fnést
snort
fnéstiən wk. II
to snort
fnëƨən str. V
to wheeze
fne̋ƨən str. II
to sneeze
fobb
secret pocket
to fob off (goods, merchandise)
fobbən wk. I
fodiən wk. II
to lead on, entertain with delusive expectations, encourage in a foolish
purpose or opinion, soothe in fancied security
fogg
coarse grass, weeds, i.e. grass that has been left unmown
fok
drift of snow or sand; snåwfok snowdrift, sandfok sand-drift
fokus
focus, focal point
fokusblunt
out of focus
focal length
fokuslengə
fokusscarp
in focus
fokusscarpnes
(in, out of) focus
fokusən wk. I
to focus
fokə
bannock, ‘bake’ (as in Trinidad), unleavened semi-sweet bread
foldbold
earthen dwelling
cultivator of the earth
foldbúənd
foldgräv
earth-grave
foldgréy adj.
grey as the earth
foldhrőrəndə adj.
walking or moving on the earth (and thereby disturbing it)
foldlik adj.
of the earth, of the soil, of the ground, of the land
foldrest
rest in the earth
foldränn
earth-house, grave
foldwang
soil-covered field
foldwey
dirt road
foldwästm
fruits of the earth
foldwëlə
earthly riches
foldåʒənd
earth-possessor, earth-dweller
foldə
earth, soil, ground, land (synonymous with ërðə except in the sense ‘world’,
‘planet Earth’, but more often used than ërðə in the sense ‘terra firma, land’ for which it is a synonym of land
but unlike land is limited to the meaning ‘terra firma’ and is therefore a more precise term)
foleyən wk. I
to play the fool
foliən wk. II
to foal
folk
the people, public, citizens, population, populace
folkbalu
destruction or damage of the people
folkbarn
‘child of the people’, average person?
folkdrüħt
assemblage of the people, popular assembly
folkeyƨə
general terror (terrifying thing or happening)
folkfrá
comman man
189
folkfrí adj.
folkfärd
folkherpäð
folkisc adj.
folkkwidə
folkkwőn
folkkú
folkküng
folkland
folklaʒ
folklik adj.
folkláƨung
folklår
folkmann (-menn)
folkmäyn
folkmérə adj.
folkméyð
folknád
folkréd
folkrédən
folkrëħt
folkrëħt adj.
folkríclik adj.
folkrícə
folkrím
folkscar
folkscaðə
folkscepə
folkslit
folkstedə
folkstów
folkswe̋ t
folksäl
folksóð
folktal
folktoʒə
folktrumə
folktäl
folkwer
folkwëli adj.
folkwïtə
folkwïʒə
folkwóʒ
folkyədrővnes
folkyəfëħt
folkyəmót
folkyərővə
folkyəstallə
folkyəstrı̋ n
having full rights of citizenship
militia
public highway
common, popular, vulgar
popular saying
queen of the people, people’s queen
people’s cow
king of the people, people’s king
land heritable by common law (folkreħt)
a law of the people, a public law
public; popular, of the people
public falseness, public lying, slander
folklore
man of the people
power, influence, etc. of the common people
renowned among the people
kin from the people
public emergency
folk-wisdom
‘peoplehood’
common law, law of the people
according to common law
republican (with small ‘r’)
republic
census
division of the people? community?
public enemy (criminal, etc.), public menace
population
?(OE = sedition)
public ground(s), meeting-place(-site) of the public
public place
military unit from the people
public room (see säl)
popular truth
story of the people
demagogue
battle-array made up of ordinary people
number of people
hero of the people
populous
public councillor, senator
warrior from the people?
wrong against the people, popular injustice? unjust to the public?
popular disturbance
fighting among the people
meeting of the people of a town or district
public official
public advocate/reperesentative, free attorney?
people’s treasure, people’s reserves
190
folkyəsíð
folkyətrum
folkyəwald
folkyəwinn
folkåʒəndə adj.
folkþeynung
folkþíħt adj.
folkþı̋ dlik
folkþı̋ dnes
folm
folt
foltisc
foltiən wk. II
foltəryə
folyo
folyə
folʒfrőding
folʒiən wk. II
folʒiəndə adj.
folʒsum adj.
folʒərə
folʒəð
folə
fond
fond adj.
fondrən wk. I
fondű
fondən wk. I
fonil
fonisc adj.
fonn
fonnisc adj.
fonniən wk. II
fonnəd
fonnən wk. I
fonsüstéma
font
fontayn
fontbäð
fontfät
fonthåli
fonthålʒung
fontwätr
fontə
fonwandlung
fonyəliƨə
fonzən wk. I
fonə
foppisc
‘companion of the people’, people’s representative
popular (civilian) battalion or regiment #
democracy
conflict among the people
ruling (‘possessing’) the people
public service
populous
social
society
the hollow of the hand; a handful
daredevil, showoff
show-offish, daring
to show off, dare
daring, showing off, bravado
folio (sheet of paper folded once to form four pages of a book)
folly; naïveté
synaesthesia (sensation in another part of the body)
to follow (w. dat.)
following, coming after, subsequent
sequacious
follower, disciple
train (of people), suite, retinue; anything that follows
foal (young horse, mule, donkey, or camel of either sex)
fund
absurd; ridiculous (person)
to founder
fondue
to cast, found (make by pouring molten metal into a mould)
hopper of a mill
phonetic
a dupe
idiotic
to lose flavour or savour, become insipid
insipid, tasteless; characterless, lacking spirit
to dupe
phonology (of a language)
baptismal font
water cooler, water fountain
baptismal bath(ing)
baptismal font
holy from connection with the font
consecration of a font
font-water, water used at baptism, laver of baptism
font (in printing)
allophone
phonetics
to fix one’s attention on
phoneme
foppish
191
foppə
fop
for adv., pref.
adv., pref. very, extremely, superfor prep., adv.
Prep., adv. “before” as it is used in English; as adv. also = beforehand,
previously, in advance; prefix indicates 1) performance or arrangement in advance, beforehand; 2) situation at
the front; 3) presence before or facing, being in someone’s or something’s presence; 4) occurring earlier than
forakt
prologue, introduction (to a dramatic performance)
foraldrlik
ancestral
foraldrə
ancestor
forayn adj.
farfetched
forbiryən wk. I
to foretaste, taste beforehand, have a foretaste of
forbiscəp
a clerical title
forbiƨʒiən wk. II
to preoccupy
forblésting
#(OE = shoot, branch)
forbod
warning
forbodiən wk. II
to announce in advance
forbodung
advance announcement
harbinger (person)
forbodə
forbodərə
one who announces in advance, herald, crier
forbrenjən wk. I
to bring forward, adduce, produce
forbringən str. III
to introduce, present
parastatic
forbringəndə adj.
̋
forbradən wk. I
#(OE = to prolong; to overshadow)
forbre̋ st
prominence of the chest
forburð
previous birth
forburʒ
outwork of a city or town
forbákn
harbinger (thing)
to be in charge, manage, direct, conduct, captain
forbërən str. IV
forbe̋ dən str. II
to warn
forbí prep., adv.
past, by (in front of one, as opposed to bífurð which normally signifies beside
one); along, on one’s way (esp. in front of something or someone)
forbı̋ nd
precedent
forbőtən wk. I
to repair or restore in advance (of reuse)
forbücgən wk. I
to preempt (= obtain by preemption)
forbüyən
preemption
person or thing presented as a model or example, in advance of the real thing
forbűƨn
forbűƨnən wk. I
to exemplify
forbəgån anom.
to get done in advance
forbəhóv
prerequisite
forbəra̋ dən wk. I
to redact (arrange or prepare for publication)
forbətåkniən wk. II
to betoken beforehand, foresignify
forcáp
forestalling (in trade)
force̋ƨən str. II
to choose beforehand, preselect
ford
ford
fordiħtiən wk. II
to preauthorize
fordiħtən wk. I
to predestine (events, one’s fate)
fordréd
dread, apprehension
fordrédən str. VII
to dread, be apprehensive
fordur
front door
fordwór
weir at a ford
192
fordátən wk. I
to antedate, predate
̋
fordal
privilege, preferential treatment or advantage over others
fordéd
previous deed
fordóm
judgment pronounced beforehand
fordőmən wk. I
to form a judgment of beforehand, prejudge
fordürsti adj.
presumptuous
fordüƨlik adj.
incredibly stupid
forendə
front end; early part (of time)
forerð
(see forierð in Clarke) headland in the case of land with furrows at right
angles to those of the adjacent land
forfang
recovery or rescuing of stolen property
forfendən wk. I
to secure or protect by precautionary measures
forfingr
forefinger, index finger
forflit
premise (of an argument)
forfle̋ n str. III
to flee beforehand
forfront
forefront, van
precognition
forfrőding
forfädər
ancestor, forefather
forfäx
hair on the forehead
forfäyr adj.
extremely goodlooking or attractive
forfón str. VII
to take possession of before another, preoccupy, usurp; in hüyən forfangən
preoccupied (mentally)
forfót
forefoot
forfőlən wk. I
to have a presentiment of
forfőrən wk. I
to march ahead, lead in marching
to plot or contrive beforehand
forfərrédən str. VII
forgang
the lead; precedence, priority
forgarð
front yard, foreyard
forgengl
predecessor
forgenjə
one who walks ahead of another, forerunner; precursor
to guess in advance, anticipate, expect, predict
forgessən wk. I
forgláw adj.
foreseeing, provident
forgreyðən wk. I
to prepare, make ready
forgrund
foreground
forgån anom.
to go before, precede; to go in front (of), lead
forgånd adj.
going before, preceding, foregoing
forgörən wk. I
to prearrange (that something get done)
forgőtən wk. I
to cancel (an upcoming event)
forgülti
extremely guilty, criminal
forgürnən wk. I
#(OE = to show before)
forhaldən str. VII
to reserve, store in advance
forhard adj.
extremely hard
forhatiən wk. II
to be prejudiced against
forhatl
prejudiced
forherə
vanguard
forhetlik adj.
prejudicial
forhetə
prejudice
forhov
forecastle
forhradiən wk. II
to do or get done quickly beforehand
193
forhraðə adv.
very soon, quickly, right away
forhwíl
the space of time or interval before a future event happens
forhád
forehead (= stern)
forhåli adj.
extremely holy
forhåwiən wk. I
to look ahead
forhérən wk. I
to hear beforehand
forhődən wk. I
to take care against beforehand, provide against
forhúƨ
porch (esp. one enclosed by walls, glass, or screen)
forhücging
anticipation; provision (for)
forhücgən wk. I
to anticipate; to provide (for an exigency)
forhűd
foreskin
forinkə
presentiment, advance suspicion, hunch
forjd adj.
forged, counterfeit
forge (hearth for heating or melting metals)
forjə
forjən wk. I
to counterfeit, forge
forgery
forjəryə
forkalliən wk. I
to call beforehand
forkasl
forecastle
forkenning
prognosis
forkennən wk. I
to prognose
prognostic, predictive
forkennəndə adj.
forkl
electric plug
forklåƨən wk. I
to preclude
forklïpiən wk. II
#(OE = ‘proclamare’)
forkne̋ ris
previous generation
forknüll
first ringing (of a bell)
forkonten wk. I
to project (forecast, e.g. sales)
forkostiən wk. II
#(OE = to profane (why?), forecostung profanation)
forkumən str. IV
to come before, precede
forkuməndə adj.
coming before, preceding
previously alleged or reputed
forkweðən adj.
forkwidə
preface
forkwëðən str. V
to claim beforehand, allege previously
forkümə
antecedent
forkünnréd
previous ethnicity
forkűðən wk. I
to make known beforehand
forkə
fork
forland
foreland (strip of land in front of something; also land between hills or
mountains and sea)
forlangə adv.
long ago
forlattu
leader (in a race, competition, etc.)
forlaʒ
window of opportunity
forlecgən wk. I
to lay (a trap); to lay out (food) for a meal or feast; to predestine,
predetermine (one’s fate, an outcome); to lay (a deal, terms, plan, bargain, etc.) before someone, to spell out,
make plain; to offer, set out (food, a sacrifice, gifts) for someone
forlegg
foreleg
forlettən wk. I
to forestall, hinder (in advance of)
forlok
a wedge thrust through a hole in the end of a bolt in order to keep it in its
place
194
forlokk
forlustlik adv.
forläccən wk. I
forla̋ dən wk. I
forla̋ rhall
forla̋ rə
forla̋ rən wk. I
forlı̋ rən wk. I
forlókiən wk. II
forlűtl adj.
form
formal adj.
formaldehüd
formalnes
formani adj.
formaniən wk. II
formann
formanyə adj. pl.
formarkung
formarkəd
formaħti
formennisc adj.
formet
formicl adj.
formiən wk. II
formlik adj.
formnes
formula
formularyə
formunt
formärrən wk. I
formäst
formäyn
formél
formérlik
formérnes
formérə
formə adj.
formələ
formən wk. I
forməst adj.
fornamə
fornemnən wk. I
forne̋ ʒ adj.
fornïmən str. IV
fornöytə
fornümlik adj.
fornümə
fornütt adj.
forelock
very (extremely) willingly
to intercept
to lead (in a race, competition, etc.)
lecture hall, assembly hall (in university or college)
lecture (before an audience)
to lecture (before an audience)
to pass by, pass in front of
have a preformed opinion or view of
extremely small, tiny, minute, minuscule
form (paper, to be filled out)
official
formaldehyde
officiality
a great deal of
to admonish beforehand
chairman
extremely many, extremely numerous
heading
headed (in writing)
extremely powerful
prehuman
first entrée, first course (of a meal)
extremely great
to formalize
primary
primacy
(mathematical, chemical) formula
formulary
promontory
to prevent
foremast
Math., Phys. coefficient
(preliminary) negotiation(s), (preliminary) agreement, treaty
eminent
eminence, illustriousness
illustrious, highly renowned
first
workbench
to formulate, formularize
foremost, leading
first name
to name, or mention, beforehand
extremely close; adv. very nearly, close to
take as, take to be, in advance; to presume, assume in advance
forepurpose
presumptive
presumption, assumption in advance
extremely useful
195
fornə
fornətəƨfolm
foroft adv., adj.
forpart
forplaʒə
forpájə
forrennən wk. I
forridl, forrinnərə
forrinnən str. III
forrinnənd
forra̋ ding
forra̋ dən wk .I
forréd
forrédən str. VII
forréƨwən wk. I
forrëħt adj.
line of one’s course (of a wind)
forrëħtəƨ adv.
forrídən str. I
forrím
forrünl
forrəl
forsakən str. VI
forsaʒ
forscadu
forscip
forscot
forscáwiən wk. II
forscáwung
forscáwədlik
forsce̋ tən str. III
forscüldi adj.
forsellən wk. I
forsendən
forsetl
forsetnes
forsettən wk. I
deposit; to serve (at table)
forseyl
forsingənd
forsittən str. V
forsittənd
forsiħt
forslévə
forsmáyən wk. II
forsnotr
forsníðən str. I
forspanən str. VI
forspréc
trout
some plant
extremely often
first part of a play or book?
prelude (to an event)
front page
to race ahead of
forerunner
to be a harbinger or precursor
harbinger, precursor
(computer, plan) program
to program (a computer, a person); intr. to program
provision (for something), providence
to read beforehand
to presuppose
directly in front of one, straight forward (of a path, road, etc.); straight on the
straight ahead
to ride ahead of or in advance of
prologue
harbinger
a case or covering for a book or manuscript
to blame in advance, esp. when lacking evidence
introduction (to a book); introductory remark
passing shadow
foreship
advance (of money)
to preexamine; to contemplate beforehand
preexamination; contemplation in advance, forethought
with forethought
to advance (a sum of money)
deep in debt (or liabilities or obligations)
to sell in advance (before receiving money for it)
to send beforehand, send in advance
first seat
prefix
to set in advance (time, clock), set before; to prefix; to prearrange; to pay as a
foresail
precentor
to preside
speaker (of Parliament); presiding judge (of the Supreme Court); etc.
foresight
foresleeve
to vet
extremely sensible, extremely rational
to curtail, cut short, interrupt
to prefigure, foreshadow
preface, prologue, preamble, proem
196
forsprëkə
forsprëkən str. V
moderate a discussion or debate
forstall
forestalling
forstalliən wk. II
forstandən str. VI
forstapl
forstelling
forstellən wk. I
preferentially
forstemmən wk. I
forstepping
forsteppən str. VI
forsteppənd
forstiyə
forstiħting
forstiħtən wk. I
forstrang adj.
forstreccən wk. I
etc.)
forstäy
forsta̋ yr
forstíʒən str. I
forstı̋ rə
forstór adj.
forstör
forstörlik adj.
forsutl adj.
forswíð adj.
forswíðə adv.
forsäcgən wk. I
forsäl
forsäyd
forsëvə
forse̋ n str. V
forse̋ ndə
forse̋ nes
forsídə
forsőkən wk. I
fort
fortal
forte adv.
fortelling
fortellən wk. I
fortissimo adv.
fortres
fortråmt
fortrümmən wk. I
discussion-leader or -moderator
to make a (verbal) introduction; to lead a discussion or conversation; to
obstruction (of justice); intervention, hindrance, interference; stoppage, block;
to forestall, obstruct, hinder, interfere, intervene, block, stop
to preside, lead, be at the (fore)front, excel
#(OE = going before)
prothesis
to place before or ahead; to promote (e.g. to a better job or rank); to treat
to preclude
advantage, lead, being ahead
to step before, beat (fig., in a competition), precede, have an advantage
predecessor?
front step, stoop
planning, preparation, prearrangement
to plan out, arrange in advance, oversee preparations of
extremely strong
to lay out in advance, set out in advance (also terms, conditions, demands,
forestay
staircase on the outside of a house or apartment building
to excel early or prematurely?
look-out man on a ship
imposing (of appearance)
prehistory
prehistoric
extremely clear, plain, or evident
extreme, extremely powerful or intense
extremely, very much, utterly
to say in advance, tell (someone something) beforehand
anteroom
aforesaid
presentiment (of good or ill), feeling, hunch
to foresee
prescient
prescience
front side, front
to appeal (for justice, etc.)
fort
prologue, introduction (to a story)
forte (in music)
foretelling, prediction, forecast
to foretell, predict, forecast
fortissimo (in music)
fortress
preamble (to a document, deed, etc.)
to strengthen in advance
197
fortåkn
fortåkniən wk. II
fortíyə
fortïħħiən wk. II
fortïħħung
fortı̋ n str. I
fortőð
fortűnat
fortűnə
fortűnəl, fortűnus
fortəlez
forviƨyon
forvű
forvűən wk. I
forvűəndə adj.
forwall
forwar adj.
forward
forwardə
forwarniən wk. II
forwel adv.
forwerd adj.
forwerdnes
forwerdəƨ adv.
forweriən wk. I
forweriənd
forwit
forwiti
forword
forwrit
forwritən
forwundrlik adj.
forwërk
forwërðful adj.
forwërðən str. III
forwëƨən anom.
forwítʒiən wk. II
forwítʒung
forwíƨ
forwïtl adj.
forwïtlnes
forwïtən
forwïʒliən wk. II
forwőri
forwürdiən wk. II
forwəst
foryard
foryarwung
foryarə
portent, presage, prognostic, harbinger, omen
to presage, portend, bode
forecourt
to predetermine; to decide in advance, decide beforehand
predetermination
to accuse or charge before the fact, prejudge
front teeth
fortunate
chance, fortune
fortuitous
fortification
prior (mystical) vision
prospect
to look towards the future, have an outlook on the future, have prospects
prospective
rampart or bulwark out in front
wary
advance watcher, scout
advance watch, outpost
to caution in advance, forewarn
very very well, superbly (etc.)
former, erstwhile
former times, former situation
formerly, previously
to prevent; defend against
prophylactic
foreknowledge
knowing in advance, informed in advance
stipulation, (pre)condition
draft (of something written); hrá forwrit rough draft
above- or before-written
extremely wonderful
a defensive structure in the front of a building or fortified place
sublime, distinguished, excellent (person)
to be destined (to be)
to be over (in rank, etc.); to rule over
to prophesy
prophecy
having prior knowledge
prescient
prescience
to know in advance, have previous knowledge of, be informed of (in advance)
to predict
excessively weary
to stipulate, make conditions
captain, chief
forecourt
preparation (in advance of something)
extremely thoroughly
198
foryedd
foryeldən str. III
foryärwən wk. I
foryät
foryémnes
foryërn
foryíƨl
foryəbiddən str. V
foryəbiri
foryəce̋ƨən str. III
foryəhang adj.
foryəhåtən str. VII
foryəlåk
foryəsäcgən wk. I
foryəþungən adj.
forzful adj.
forzlik adj.
forzə
forzən wk. I
foráðə adv.
foråð
foräldə
forð adv.
forðan adv.
forðblåwən str. VII
forðbléstən wk. I
forðbrenjən wk. I
forðbringən str. III
forðbérə adj.
forðbërən str. IV
forðbəkumən str. IV
forðcéyən wk. I
forðdråv
forðdrívən str. I
forðdéd
forðdón anom.
forðfallən str. VII
forðfarən str. VI
forðfetiən wk. II
forðfle̋ tən str. I
forðframiən wk. II
forðframung
forðfór
forðgang
forðgangən str. VII
forðgenjə adj.
forðgetən str. IV
manifestation, etc.)
forðglídən str. I
ancient tale
to prepay
to prepare (in advance); to draw up, redact
front entrance
prior attention
extremely eager
preliminary hostage
to consult in advance, consult beforehand
foretaste
to preapprove
predisposed
to dedicate in advance, dedicate beforehand
(musical) prelude, preamble
to sum up in advance
precocious; premature
dynamic, active, potent, energetic, effective, forceful
exertive
energy, strength, dynamism, ability to work or exert oneself
to exert (force, pressure, influence, etc.)
(all) too easily, unfortunately (but not unexpectedly)
preliminary oath
extreme old age
adv., pref. forward, forth
forthwith
to blow forth
to blast forth, explode
to bring forward, lead up to the front
to bring forward, adduce, produce (witnesses, evidence)
productive
to bring forth, produce
to come to pass, come true
to call forth
propulsion
to propel
initiative
to put forth, put forward
to fall forward
to depart, die, pass on
to fetch forth
to drift forth
to bring up to maturity
bringing up to maturity
departure, death, passing on
procession, advance, going forth, going forward; progress, advance
to walk forward, advance
thriving, growing, prospering, successful, effective
to elicit (what is latent or potential into sensible existence; a response,
to glide away, pass
199
forðgån anom.
forðgürd
forðhald
forðhaldən str. VII
forðheryə
forðhlápən str. VII
forðhlíviən wk. II
forðhlíviəndə adj.
forðhníʒən str. I
forðhre̋ƨən str. II
forðhwarv
forði adj.
forðiən wk. II
forðiənd
forðkalliən wk. I
forðkastən wk. I
forðklïpiən wk. II
forward
forðkumən str. IV
forðkümə
forðkűðən wk. I
forðlik adj.
forðlátən str. VII
forðla̋ dnes
forðla̋ dən wk. I
forðla̋ stən wk. I
forðlétən str. VII
forðlı̋ rən wk. I
forðlókiən wk. II
forðlútən str. II
forðmann
forðməst adj.
forðnïmən str. IV
forðpasən wk. I
forðreykə
forðreykən wk. I
forðrinnən str. III
forðrokkətən wk. I
forðra̋ cən wk. I
forðréƨwing
forðréƨwlik
forðréƨwən wk. I
forðréƨən wk. I
forðrëħt adj.
forðrëħtə adv.
forðrünə
forðscakən str. VI
forðscencən wk. I
forðscepə
to proceed, go forth, go forward; progress, advance
martingale (or better forgürd?)
bent forward, stooping; inclined, steep
to keep up, hold to
van (of an army)
to leap forth, leap forward
to be prominent, protrude
prominent, protruding
to bow forward
to rush forth to disaster
progression
forward, outspoken, unrestrained
to launch (a vessel, an enterprise), send off, start, initiate, get going
initiator; (movie) producer; originator; person who gets the ball rolling
to call forth; to educe
to cast forth
to call forth, in the sense of making a calling sound that stimulates to move
to come forth, come forward
coming forth, appearance
to announce (to everyone), declare
advanced
forðlátən te to purport to
leading forth, bringing out, bringing forward
to lead forth, bring out, bring forward
to carry out (orders); to persevere in, accompish
to emit
to pass on, move on
to favour?
to defer up (to)
man of a vanguard
at the forefront, in the forefront
to take the lead
to be let forward, come up
promenade (stroll, ostentation)
to promenade
to run forth
to belch forth
to reach forth, extend (forward), stretch out in front of one
hypothesis
hypothetical
to hypothesize
to rush forth
forthright (adj.), direct, frank; plain, clear, unmistakable
forthright (adv.), straightaway, directly; unmistakably, plainly
forward course
to move up, shift forward
to serve up (food, drinks)?
progress
200
forðsellən wk. I
to display for sale
forðsettən wk. I
to propose
forðsetənnes
proposition
forðspell
announcement (of news)
forðspówən str. VII
to succeed, advance, progress
forðstepping
stepping forth, advance
forðsteppən str. VI
to step forth, advance
forðstrangiən wk. II
to hold forth (intr.)
forðstreccən wk. I
to extend (an arm, hand), stretch forth
forðstävn
prow
forðsíð
transition (to something else)
forðtellən wk. I
to tell forth, publish abroad
forðte̋ n str. II
to draw forth, bring forth; to educe
forðung
initiation, inauguration, inception, kickoff; getting-going, putting into action,
setting in motion, etc. (and the actions necessary to achieve this)
forðwaxən str. VI
to grow forth, increase
forðwerd adj.
progressive, progressing
forðwerdnes
progressiveness, progress
forðwerdəƨ adv.
progressively, progressingly, forwards, onwards
forðwey
way forward; departure, journey, setting forth
forðwind
a wind that blows a ship forward on its course, a favourable wind
to throw forward, throw to the front, throw up to someone
forðwërpən str. III
forðwív
matron
forðwíƨə
procedure
forðyërn
eager to advance
to issue forth, stream forth
forðye̋ tən str. II
forðyərímd
in unbroken succession
forðyəscäft
creation, the beginning
forðyəsénə
predictable, easy to see (what’s coming)
forðyəwítən str. I
to move on, proceed, go on to the next thing; to pass away, die
to protrude, project
forðþrűstən wk. I
forðþı̋ n str. I
to thrive forward, progress
forðüppən wk. I
to put on display, put out in the open
forðə conj.
since (causal)
conj. because, since, for; adv. for that reason, because of that, therefore; prep.
forðəm
because of, due to, owing to
forðərinnən str. III
to emanate forth, issue forth
foréwən wk. I
to show signs of, indicate beforehand, forebode
forħt adj.
afraid
forħti
humble, submissive, deferent
forħtiən wk. II
to be afraid (of)
forħtiəndlik
timorous
forħtlik adj.
anxious, nervous
forħtmód adj.
timorous, timid
forħtnes
fear, timidity
forħtung
fear, anxiety
foróvr
foreshore
forþank
preconception
forþankful adj.
extremely grateful
201
forþankl
prudent, thinking in advance
forþanklik
preconceived; imagined (before seeing)
forþencən wk. I
to think beforehand, be cautious or prepared (mentally), prepare mentally,
think ahead, plan
forþenkən wk. I
to preconceive
forþeyn
chief of staff
forþwertən wk. I
to anticipate, forestall, frustrate
forþärl adj.
extremely severe, unrelenting
to surpass
forþı̋ n str. I
forþóħt
forethought
forümþencən wk. I
to premeditate
forüppə
proscenium
forəblíkən str. I
to indicate beforehand, give promise or warning of, foreshadow, prefigure
forəd adj.
defunct
forədiħtən wk. I
to foreordain, predestinate
from before, from ahead, from the front (the 6 OE compounds with foran- are
forən adv.
here passed over, since in OE this and other foran(-) mean simply ‘front, before, opposite’)
forəst
woodland district set aside for hunting wild beasts and game, king’s forest
forəvwërkən, forəvsmïðiən
to prefabricate
forəwerd adj.
facing forward, facing the front, facing ahead
fosfor
phosphorus
to phosphoresce
fosforscímiən
fosforscímung
phosphorescence
fosforscíməndə
phosphorescent
fossil
fossil
fossillik adj.
fossil (adj.), fossilized
to fossilize
fossilmakiən wk. I
fossə
fosse
fox
fox
foxholʒ
foxhole
foxhüll
fox-hill (?)
foxung
foxlike wile, craftiness, sleight
foxəsklivə
greater burdock?
foxəsklåtə
type of plant similar to a burdock
fox-foot, xiphion
foxəƨfót
foxəƨglóvə
foxglove
foy
parting-gift (esp. for or by one setting off on a journey)
foybl
foible
foyl
foil (of metal)
foynə
beech-martin
foyƨon
profusion
fraccən wk. I
to speak peevishly, complain in a high-pitced voice
frakl adj.
gross (disgusting)
frakəð adj.
vile (appalling, despicable, disgraceful, nefarious, low, mean, base, immoral,
foul, filthy, horrible, corrupt, nasty, sleazy, awful, repugnant, revolting, etc. etc.)
frakəðdéd
vile act, nefarious doings
frakəðlik adj.
obscene
frakəðliknes
obscenity
frakəðnes
vileness (etc., see frakəð)
202
frakəðscepə
frakəðword
frakəðə adv.
fram adj.
framiən wk. II
framə
francíƨə
francíƨən wk. I
frank adj.
frank
franklayn
Frankrícə
Frankə pl.
frankə
frankən wk. I
fras
fraternité
frawd
frawdən wk. I
frayl adj.
frayt
fraytur
fraħt
fraħtən wk. I
fraƨən wk. I
frek adj.
frekful adj.
freklik adj.
frekmåƨə
frekn
freknes
frekwåƨənd
fremming
fremmən wk. I
fremnes
helping hand, help
fremə adj.
weight
freməðiən wk. II
freməðla̋ cən wk. I
freməðə adj.
freməðən wk. I
Frencisc
frencə
frentisc adj.
frenƨyə
fresc adj.
frescən wk. I
frescətə
scandalous conduct
insulting word
shamefully, awfully, appallingly, etc.
adj. forward, cheeky; impatient; eager, excited
to foster; cherish, develop, encourage, stimulate, promote
fosterage; development, encouragement, stimulation
franchise
to enfranchise
open, honest, transparent, free with information
pen for fattening cattle or birds
franklin
France
the Franks
fibula (bone)
to hold in a pen for fattening
phrase, expression, cliché
fraternity
a defrauding, fraud
to defraud (esp. in a legal context)
frail
breach or passage made by the sea
hall for meals
freight (method of delivery)
to send by freight
to crinkle, rustle, crackle (as paper when crushed)
demanding, greedy
desirous, covetous, greedy
bold, forward, unreserved
type of bird (OE = titmouse (cf. spikmåƨə))
freckle
avidity
loud, vociferous
furthering, advancement; bringing about of (someone’s, something’s) success
to further, advance (tr.); to cause to succeed
contribution, benefaction, donation, bestowal, beneficence, augmentation,
spoiled, over-gratified, over-indulged; overweight, having gained undesirable
to become estranged
to alienate
estranged; unfriendly, inimical
to estrange
French
a coarse cloak
frenetic, frenzied
frenzy
fresh
to freshen
freshet
203
fresko
fresco
frett
an ornament, esp. for the hair, consisting of jewels or flowers in a network
frett2
premonition
frettl adj.
corrosive; erosive; wearing (also with prefixes to narrow the meaning)
frettən wk. I
to corrode; to erode (also with prefixes to narrow the meaning)
freyning
questioning, asking
freynnes
interrogation
freynpunkt
question mark
freynyërn
inquisitive
freynən str. III
to ask (pose a question, to someone dat.)
freynəndlik
interrogative
freyst
trial
freystən wk. I
to try (at court), put on trial
freyən wk. I
to fray
friblən wk. I
to busy oneself to no purpose, fiddle, twiddle
town crier
friccə
fricgən str. V
to inquire, try to find out, ask (someone for information)
frik adj.
lusty
frikl
craving
friklən wk. I
to crave
frisk adj.
frisky
to frisk
friskən wk. I
frist
grace (delay of obligation); remission (of a debt, punishment, sentence, etc.);
respite (from hardship, demands, etc.)
fristdiħt
moratorium
terminus of a period of grace
fristmärk, fristyəmärk
fristən wk. I
to grant a period of grace, grant a respite; remit (a debt, punishment,
sentence, etc.)
fritűrə
fritter
frið
peace
surety for peace
friðborʒ
friðbrücə
breach of the peace (OE has friþbrǣc)
friðburʒ
town with which there is peace
friðbákn
emblem or symbol (indicator) of peace
friðbőnə
petitioner for peace
friðful adj.
at peace (with)
friðiən wk. II
to keep peace (with); anfriðiən to make peace (with)
friðláƨ adj.
peaceless, warring, violent
friðmann
man under special peace-protection
friðmél
peace treaty
friðscalk
peace-worker
friðscip
ship for defence
friðsibb
those who profess kinship (only) during a time of peace? (= fairweather
friends)
friðspőd
achievement of peace, success at gaining peace
friðsum adj.
peaceable, pacific
friðsumiən wk. II
to seek peace (with)
friðtåkn
sign of peace
friðwang
peaceful field
204
friðwar
peaceful defence, defence in time of peace
friðwebbə
peacemaker
friðwér
peace accord
friðyërn adj.
eager for peace, peaceable
friðyíƨl
peace-hostage, hostage kept to maintain or buy peace
friðyədål
(OE = death; possibly for *ferhþġedāl) loss of the peace
friðyəyild
association of parties who make paid contributions in order to guarantee
peace between them (in OE as friþġild)
friðyəyildə
member of a friðyəyild
friðåð
oath of peace
friðþáwəƨ pl.
peace-customs, protocol
friðərə
peacekeeper
Friƨisc adj.
Frisian
Friƨland
Frisia
Friƨə
a Frisian
frog (but used chiefly in transferred senses, e.g. part of a horse’s foot,
froggə
fastening for carrying a sword or bayonet on a belt, decorative fastener, etc. -- frosk used more commonly in
literal sense)
frok
smock
from
prep., adv., prefix: from; as a result of; (temporal) beginning at or on;
indicating point of departure, starting point, commencement, separation, beginning; from; (temporal) since; adv.
and pref. off, forth, away, out (departure, leaving, commencement etc.)
frombringən str. III
to show the door, point to an exit, ask to leave
frombuʒ
avoidance, shirking, shunning; #
fromcärrən wk. I
to turn one’s back toward
fromdón anom.
to remove, subtract
fromfar
departure, leaving, embarkation (on a journey)
fromfaring
outset
fromfarən str. VI
to set out, embark on a journey
fromfle̋ tən str. I
to drift off, drift away
departure (of an aircraft)
fromflüyə
fromfundiən wk. II
to tend to depart or go away
fromfőrən wk. I
to march off
fromgang
departure (on foot); commencement
fromgangən str. VII
to get going
fromgån anom.
to be off, set off
fromhaldən str. VII
to hold off, keep at bay
fromheldən wk. I
to decline (an offer, question, suggestion, invitation - sense “slope downward”
is either avheldn or dʉnheldn, the former esp. fig.)
fromköyr
departure (in a vehicle)
fromkümə
appearance, arrival
fromkünn
ancestors, predecessors, forerunners
fromlåd
course, heading, bearing
fromlókiən wk. II
to ignore, disregard
fromlőc adj.
ignoring, disdainful, disregarding of
fromnédən wk. I
to repel, keep off
fromrinning
running off, flowing away
fromscakən str. VI
to move aside, move out of the way
fromscriðə
departure (of a bus, train, airplane, etc.)
205
fromslitənnes
fromstüriən wk. I
fromswenjən wk. I
fromsíð
fromtërən str. IV
fromte̋ n str. II
fromwendən wk. I
fromwerd adj.
fromwërpən str. III
fromwëƨəndə adj.
fromyəwitənnes
fromyəwítən str. I
frond
front
fronton
frontyər
frontəl
fronz
fronzən wk. I
frorən adj.
frosc
frosk
frost
frostdrűyən wk. I
frosti adj.
frostlik adj.
frostrot
frostrotən adj.
frowklik
frowkə
froyƨə
froðiən wk. II
froðkakə
froðə
fruktos
frum adj.
frumbarn
frumberdling
frumbring
frumbringən str. III
frumbrungənə
frumbürd adj. (?)
frumcärr
frumde̋ r
frumdüƨi adj.
frumenti
frumevnə
substance is composed
frumfrődkräft
#(OE = desolation)
to be off
to thrash so as to drive away
start (of a race, process, game, etc.)
to tear away from
to draw away from
to turn away (from); turn one’s back toward
departing, leaving
to cast away
absent, away, off (somewhere)
departure, leaving, exit, exodus, removal
to abandon
frond
front
pediment
frontier
frontal (ornament)
knitting of the brows, angry expression
to knit the brows, look angry
bitterly (bitingly) cold
nut, crazy or delusional person
frog
frost
to freeze-dry
frosty
glacial
frostbite; (of plants) frost damage
frostbitten; (of plants) frost-damaged
amphibious (living in water and on land), amphibian
amphibian
omelet
to froth
soufflé
froth
fructose
original, primal
first-born child
youth (‘with first beard’)
debut, début
to debut, début
debutante, débutante
of the original generation
first turn (cärr = turn, rotation, shift)
protozoan; pl. protozoa
#(OE = first offence, beginning of sin)
frumenty (wheat boiled in milk), cream of wheat
element = one of the relatively simple substances of which a complex
metaphysics
206
frumfrüyt
frumgårə
frumhräyl
frumhı̋ wung
frumkne̋ ris
frumkëniəndə adj.
frumkënnes
frumkënəd adj.
frumkünn
frumlik adj.
frumle̋ ħt
frumlïdə
frumlı̋ htən wk. I
frummëlk
frummünətslay
frumnót
frumréd
frumrédən
frumrípə pl.
frumsceppənd
frumscäft
frumscäpən adj.
frumscätt
frumsetnes
frumsetnung
frumslép
frumspell
frumspellung
frumsprék
frumstaðl
frumstävn
frumstól
frumsünn
frumtal
frumtiħlə
frumtíd
frumtüp
frumwelm
frumwästm
frumwa̋ vð
frumwërk
frumwívung
frumwürħtə
frumyeld
frumyëv
frumyəscäp
frumyəstål
frumyəwrit
frumyəwërk
first fruits
first leader, patriarch, first chieftain
original garment (of fig-leaves)
original formation
primal generation
first-begetting, first-bearing (parents or ancestors in history)
nativity
first-begotten, first-born (in history)
original race, primal race
primitive, primeval, primal
first light (at the creation of the world)
first voyager (? - perhaps some legendary voyager?)
to give off the first (original) light; to dawn (on someone, wið äthwam)
‘original milk’ (OE = ‘nectar’); colostrum?
first coinage
protocol (original note or minute)
original plan, original idea
primeval condition, primal state
first fruits
original creator
first formation, creation, origination
first created, original
original currency (? - OE = first fruits)
original deposition
#(OE = foundation, creation)
first sleep
original story
original discourse (OE = frumspell)
opening words
initial foundation
#(OE = prow)
first throne
original sin
first or original story, first or original account
first accusation, first charge
beginning times
prototype
newborn passion (fervour, ardour, zeal)
first growth
première
primeval work, creation
first marriage (of a man)
original worker, creator, Creator
first instalment (payment)
prerogative, privilege
primal or primeval creature
principle, fundamental truth
primal scripture
original construction
207
frumájə
early age, infancy, childhood (often fig.)
frumäldə
onset of old age
frumə
originator, inventor, founder, creator
fruscən wk. I
to frazzle
frusti adj.
stuffy (room, air), stale (air)
frá
mister, Mr.; sir; gentleman (used of someone unknown to the speaker); polite
form of address to a man (usually married or older)
frábodiən wk. II
to proclaim publicly, declare publiclly
frábreyd
stroke of genius
frábërħt adj.
illustrious
frábërħtiən wk. II
to illuminate
frádrémən wk. I
to exult
frádrüħn
lord and master
fráfätt adj.
very fat
frágláw adj.
supremely adroit, perceptive, etc.
fráhrodən adj.
ornate
fráhräð adj.
super-quick
frámaħt
super-strength, superior strength
frámicl adj.
enormous, gigantic, huge
frámérə adj.
preeminent
post haste
fráovəstlikə adv.
fráreccərə
#(OE = prince)
frátorħt adj.
magnificently splendid, resplendent, dazzling, grandiose, lustrous, ornate,
refulgent, sumptuous
fráwinə
lord and patron/sponsor
fráwliti adj.
magnificently beautiful
splendid tie (around and hanging from the neck)
fráwråƨn
fráþankiən wk. II
to thank profusely, express great thanks
frå prep., adv.
against (the grain, flow, etc.), in the opposite direction to, contrary to, counter
to; wrong; negative
fråcärrd adj.
averse
fråda̋ l
(the) opposite (of something else)
frålik adj.
opposite (being the opposite of something else)
fråsetnes
contrast, opposite, antithesis
fråsetən
antithetic, contrasting, opposite
fråtən wk. I
to rub with perfume (both of the skin and of garments)
fråwerd adj.
converse
fråwerdəƨ adv.
conversely; vice versa
fråword
antonym
fråƨiən wk. II
to put in doubt, question, test, try, imperil
fråűst
anticyclone
fräpiən wk. II
to frame (someone for a crime)
frätlappə
dewlap
frätudnes
state of being perfected or finished, ‘all decked out’
frätwing
putting the finishing touches on, ‘decking out’, finishing, perfecting
frätwə pl.
finery
frätwən wk. I
to put the finishing touches on, ‘deck out’, finish, perfect
frävl
cunning (n.)
frävllik adj.
cunning (adj.)
208
frävlnes
scheme, scam, ruse
frävlən wk. I
to be cunning, scheme
fräyn
question
fräynform
questionnaire
fräynseldlik adj.
wonderful, incredible
fräynþärl adj.
inquiring, prying
frér
friar
frét adj.
perverse (= persisting in error or fault, stubbornly contrary; obstinately
disobedient or difficult, intractable); obdurate (= hardened in wickedness or sin)
frétgenjə
#(OE = apostasy) perverse path? one who follows his own perverse path?
fréti adj.
unwilling to submit, obey, serve, or work; proud, perverse, intractable
fréyscepə
mastery, condition of being served or attended to
fréyə
one who is served or attended to, (personal) master
fréƨə
misgiving
frëkiən wk. II
to be demanding or greedy
bold, enthusiastic warrior, willing to risk suicide like the kamikaze
frëkə
frëm
advantage
frëmbérə or frëmlik adj.
advantageous
frëmful adj.
beneficial
frëmfulnes
beneficiality, benefit
frëmiən wk. II
to benefit; profit; redound to
frëmiəndlik adj.
that constitutes a profit
frëmiəndə adj.
benefitting, beneficial; profitting; redounding
frëmlik adj.
of benefit
frëmsum adj.
beneficent, benign, benevolent
frëmsumlik adj.
benignant, kind
frëmsumnes
beneficence, benignity, benevolence
frëmung
benefit
frëmədnes
advantaged position
frëtl adj.
voracious
to eat, feed on (of animals); to gorge (on)
frëtən str. V
frëħt
psychic ability, extrasensory perception (including mindreading,
clairvoyance, foretelling, etc.)
frëħtlik adj.
psychic
to speculate
frëħtriən wk. II
frëħtrung
speculation
frëħtərə
psychic, mindreader, clairvoyant, etc.
fre̋
sperm, seed (fig.)
fre̋ ri adj.
freezing cold, frigid
̋
̋
freriferħþ, frerimód adj.
cold-hearted
fre̋ðən str. II
to froth
fre̋ƨən str. II
to feel cold, ‘freeze’ (impers. + dat.); to be cold (below the freezing point), be
freezing (outside)
frí adj.
free (except “free of charge”)
Frí
Frigg, Venus
fríbarn
child of genteel birth
fríborən adj.
freeborn
fríbróðr
#(OE = own brother)
fríburʒ
free city (?)
209
frídoħtr
freeborn daughter
Frídäy
Friday
frídóm
freedom
frílik adj.
classy
frílåk
free-will offering, oblation
frílétə
freed man
frílétən str. VII
to set free
frímann
free man, freeman
fríméy
free kinsman
frínamə
surname
Frínäħt
Thursday night
frírávərə
freebooter, filibuster (person)
fríscätt
free currency
fríwërk
freelance work
fríwërkərə
freelancer
rights of freemen
fríyəriħtəƨ
fríð adj.
stately, grand
fríðkandl
‘stately candle’, the sun
Fríévən
Thursday evening
fríƨ adj.
frizzy
frieze
fríƨə
fríƨən wk. I
to put a nap on (cloth)
fríə
affection, love
fríən wk. I
to free
fríən2 wk. I
to deep-fry
frïk
‘joie de vivre’
to dance in figurative sense, be agitated
frïkiən wk. II
frïkung
agitation, agitated motion
frïð
refuge, asylum, sanctuary; protection, security
frïðhúƨ
asylum, sanctuary (-house)
to provide refuge, asylum, or sanctuary to, protect, preserve
frïðiən wk. II
frïðlik adj.
inviolable, sacrosanct
frïðstól
(OED frithstool b.) a seat, usually of stone, formerly placed near the altar in
some churches, which afforded inviolable protection to those who sought privilege of sanctuary
frïðstów
place of refuge, asylum, sanctuary
frïðsókn
resort to asylum or sanctuary
frïðyard
asylum, sanctuary (-area)
frïðə
protector (under peace)
frı̋
(a man’s) mistress, lover (female)
frı̋ d
amity
frı̋ lik adj.
charming, graceful, attractive, blessed with graces
̋
frılƨ
freedom from work, time off, free time, break; vacation
frı̋ lƨanda̋ ling
vacation (time)
frı̋ lƨdäy
holiday (including both religious and civil holidays)
frı̋ lƨfar
vacation (trip)
frı̋ lƨiən wk. II
to take or have time off work; vacation; make holiday; take it easy
frı̋ lƨiənddäy
day off work
frı̋ lƨiəndə adj.
off work; vacationing
frı̋ lƨlik adj.
pertaining to time off from work; pertaining to holidays or vacation
210
frı̋ lƨnäħt
frı̋ lƨstów
frı̋ lƨtíd
frı̋ lƨung
frı̋ lƨyér
frı̋ lƨévən
frı̋ nd (pl. frı̋ nd)
frı̋ ndhald adj.
frı̋ ndhaldlik adj.
frı̋ ndlað
frı̋ ndlik adj.
frı̋ ndluvə
frı̋ ndlást
frı̋ ndláƨ adj.
frı̋ ndla̋ rə
frı̋ ndlíð adj.
frı̋ ndmünə
frı̋ ndrédən
frı̋ ndscepə
frı̋ ndspőd
frı̋ ndspődi adj.
frı̋ t
frı̋ tbrücə
frı̋ tbók
frı̋ tiən wk. II
frı̋ tlik adj.
frı̋ tmann
frı̋ tyëv
frı̋ tyëvə
frı̋ yən wk. II
frı̋ yənd
fró
fród adj.
fródiən wk. II
fródnes
fródsaʒ
fródə
frólik
frón wk. I
frónd
fróndlik adj.
fróvr
fróvrbók
fróvrgåst
fróvriən wk. II
fróvrlik adj.
fróvrnes
fróvrword
vacation-night
vacation-place
time off work
the enjoyment of time off work
year off from work
eve of a vacation
friend
amiable
#(OE = related, akin)
friendly invitation
friendly
friendly love
want of friends
friendless
friendly advice or teaching
kind to one’s friends
loving memory (of a friend)
friendly terms
friendship
(state of) having many friends, success at acquiring friends
successful at acquiring friends, having many friends
immunity, privilege
breach of immunity
charter of immunity
to grant immunity or special privilege to
of or pertaining to immunity or privilege
man or person enjoying immunity or privilege
emancipation
emancipator
to show love to, caress, embrace; make love (to)
lover
soothing, relief, comfort
wise
to be wise
wisdom
maxim, aphorism, adage
wise man
frolicsome, sportive, full of merry pranks
to soothe, relieve (pain)
painkiller, analgesic
analgesic
consolation, comfort; compensation; fig. refuge, joy
book of consolation
consoling spirit, Holy Ghost (as consoler), Comforter
to console, comfort
consolatory
consolation
word of consolation
211
frówə
Mrs.; ma’am, madam; lady (used of someone unknown to the speaker); a
polite form of address to a woman (usually married or older)
fróʒ adj.
stale
fröddlik
sensible; perceptible
frőding
sensing, sense (of something), sensation (of something)
frődinginwending
synaesthesia (sensation in another form)
frődkräft, frődyəliƨə
(study of) philosophy (‘wisdom-craft’)
frődlik adj.
philosophical
frődnes
sensation (and fig.)
frődscepə
sentience
frődə
(does not occur in OE or ME) wisdom; (a) philosophy, piece of wisdom
frődən wk. I
to sense, perceive
frődəndə adj.
sentient
frőkniən wk. II
to menace
frőknlik adj.
menacing
menace, quality of being dangerous (of a person or animal)
frőknnes
frőknə adj.
dangerous (person, animal), scary, fearsome, terrible (person, animal)
frővr
compensatory gift
frővring
= frővrnes
frővrnes
compensation (for deficiency, inferiority)
to compensate (for deficiency, inferiority)
frővrən wk. I
frúdə
bullfrog
frúnən wk. I
to frown
frúƨi adj.
frowzy
Frügisc
Phrygian
Frügya
Phrygia
frümdi adj.
nosy, intrusive, prying
frümð
beginning, origin, first state, original condition
frümðlik adj.
primeval, early, primordial
frümətling
yearling calf
toddler, tot
früscə
früsti adj.
frigid
früyt
fruit (chiefly in abstract sense), product, produce, offspring; result, benefit
früytbérə adj.
fruitful; prolific (writer, etc.)
to implicate, incriminate
frűyən wk. I
fudlən wk. I
to befuddle, take advantage of by confusing
fuggərə
a person (esp. a professional, often a lawyer) given to underhanded practices
for the sake of gain or profit
full adj.
full (but not having eaten one’s fill)
fullblíðə adj.
very cheerful, buoyant, sunny
fullborən adj.
fully born
fullbrestən str. III
to burst completely, fail (of a mechanism, etc.)
fullbrëkən str. IV
to violate the peace
fullbrücə
complete breach of the peace
fullbërħt adj.
very bright, resplendent
fullbőtən wk. I
to make full amends
fulldón anom.
to complete; get done, complete (an action)
fulldónd adj.
complementary, completory
fulldónd
the thing, quantity or amount that completes or fills, complement
212
fulldóndlik adj.
perfective (verb)
fullendiən wk. II
to conclude, bring to a conclusion
fullfaldən str. VII
#(OE = ‘explicare’) to implicate? to envelop?
fullfarən str. VI
to go the distance
fullfle̋ n wk. I
to take to flight (fleeing) and thereby escape completely
fullforðiən wk. II
to accomplish
fullframiən wk. II
to develop (a project, an idea)
fullfremmən wk. I
to bring to completion, conclude
fullfrëmiən wk. II
to give (an) advantage to, favour, influence (positively)
fullfüllən wk. I
to fill full, fill up, fill to the full, make full, fill completely
fullfülyən wk. I
to devote oneself to (a person)
fullgangən str. VII
to go at full speed, go ‘full steam ahead’, proceed at full velocity or with full
engagement (or concentration, etc.)
to cultivate to maturity (of plants, and fig.)
fullgrówən str. VII
fullgån anom.
to ‘go all the way’, go to the end (of), engage or immerse oneself completely
(in)
fullgód adj.
very good; thorough; effective, efficient
fullhaldən adj.
well-kept, contented
fullhelə
panoply (covering, clothing)
fullherwéd
panoply (armour)
very soon, presently
fullhraðə adv.
fullhål adj.
complete
fullhår adj.
entirely grey (-haired), very hoary
fullik adj.
full (investigation, authority, rights, answer, etc.)
fulliən wk. II
to become full, fill up (intr.)
fully clean, immaculate
fullkla̋ nə adj.
fullkumən str. IV
to see something through, carry through with
fullkúð adj.
well-known, known to everyone
fullmannəd adj.
fully manned
fullmäyn
full strength, full power, full might
excellent, superb
fullmëdmə adj.
fullnes
fullness, plenitude
̋
fullne adv.
very nearly, virtually, practically
fullne̋ ʒ
very near
fulloft adv.
very often
fullrekn adj.
instantaneous
fullrípəd adj.
fully ripened, mature
fullslán str. VI
to kill outright
fullsum adj.
ample, abundant
fulltrúwiən wk. II
to trust completely
fulluk (full-luk)
final or definite agreement
fullungə adv.
completely, thoroughly, absolutely, utterly
fulluħt
baptism
fulluħtbäð
baptismal bath
fulluħtbőnə
applicant for baptism
fulluħtfädər
baptismal father, godfather, baptizing father
fulluħthåd
baptismal order or vow
fulluħtnamə
baptismal name, christened name
fulluħtstów
baptistry
213
fulluħttíd
fulluħtwätr
fulluħtölə
fulluħtþeynung
fulluħtþáw
fullwarm adj.
fullwaxən str. VI
fullweryeld
fullworħt adj.
fullwépnəd adj.
fullwëli adj.
fullwőri adj.
fullwürcən wk. I
fullyarwiən wk. II
fullyarə adv.
fullyërn adj.
fullyəfasniən wk. II
fullást
fullástən wk. I
fulläðələ adj.
fullþungən adj.
fullþungənnes
fullə adv.
fullən wk. I
fullərə
fultəm
fultəmiən wk. II
subsidize
fultəmláƨ adj.
fultəmə
fultəməd
fulwiən wk. II
fulwərə
fumlən wk. I
fundiən wk. II
fundling
fundung
funkzyon
funkə
funtə
fur
furbiscən wk. I
furcə
furcən wk. I
furgon
furiən wk. II
furlang
furmə
furmən wk. I
time of baptism
laver of baptism
baptismal oil
baptismal service
rite of baptism
fully warm, very warm, snug, toasty
to grow to maturity
complete compensation for a person’s life
perfected
fully armed
stinking rich, obscenely wealthy
dazed, confused, swooning
to perfect
to finish, finish off, perfect
quite thoroughly (sufficiently, effectually, etc.)
very eager, avid, enthusiastic
to ratify fully
complete or perfect execution
to carry out to completion, perform or execute completely
of the highest level of nobility
full-grown
full development
fully, completely
to full (cloth)
fuller
support (esp. monetary or necessities), help, (monetary) assistance, subsidy
to assist (monetarily), help, support (esp. monetarily or with necessities),
unassisted, unsupported, independent
supporter, helper (esp. monetary)
subsidized
to baptize
baptizer, baptist
to fumble
to set out, start; to set about (to); to be about (to)
foundling
setting out, setting about, beginning, start; heading
(mathematical) function
(electric) shock
spring water, mineral water
groove, flute, stria
to furbish up, refurbish (the latter also edfurbiscən)
crotch, fork of the body
to fork (of harts)
poker (for the fire)
to groove, striate
furlong
form (shape, etc.)
to form
214
furnayƨ
furniscən wk .I
furrajə
furriən wk. II
furung
furð adv.
furðbuʒ
furðdéd
furðdón anom.
furðfle̋ tən str. I
furðfärəld
furðgån anom.
furðhaldən str. VII
furðhäldən wk. I
furðnédən wk. I
furðrinnən str. III
furðrə
furðscakən str. VI
furðstüriən wk. I
furðtoʒənə
furðtërən str. IV
furðte̋ n str. II
furðwendən wk. I
furðwerd adj.
furðwërpən str. III
furðəm adv.
furðəmlik adj.
furðər adv., pref.
furðərháʒskólərə
furðərlik adj.
furðərmå adv.
furðərwerd adj.
furðəryəliƨən
furðəst adj., adv.
furʒ (pl. fürʒ)
furʒiən wk. II
fustayn
fuyl
fuylən wk. I
fuyn
fuynən wk. I
fuʒl
fuʒlbanə
fuʒldoppə
fuʒldäy
fuʒlhwatə
fuʒlwïʒlərə)
fuʒlhúƨ
fuʒliən wk. II
furnace
to furnish, provide, get, procure
forage
to forage
striation
on, onward
bypassing, onward movement past or around something else
process
to continue with
to drift onward
passing, death; disappearance, loss
to go on, continue
to keep going, hold out, survive, continue
to tend (in a certain direction)
to compel onward
to run on, keep going
adj. the further, the later
to move on
#
continuant
#
to draw on(ward); to continue (tr.)
to decide to go on, decide to continue
onward
#
adv. even; sïþþən furðəm just as soon as
luxurious, indulging
further
graduate student
continued, additional
furthermore
ongoing
graduate study (studies)
eventual(ly)
furrow
to furrow, make a furrow, cut a furrow
fustian
foil (fencing sword)
to foil (an opponent)
hypodermic needle
to lunge (at) with a pointed instrument
bird
fowler
diving-bird
day on which fowl might be eaten
bird-augur (one who divines the future from the flight of birds; cf.
birdhouse
to catch birds
215
fuʒlkünn
fuʒllím
fuʒlnett
fuʒlstowp
fuʒltimbr
fuʒltre̋
fuʒlung
fuʒlwällə adj.
fuʒlwïʒlərə
fuʒlhwatə)
fuʒlyəliƨə
fuʒlərə
fuʒləð
fuʒləƨbán
fuʒləƨwíƨə
fyasko
fuƨ
fá
fábl
fábllik adj.
fáblsum adj.
fábləd adj.
fáblən wk. I
fád adj.
fádən wk. I
fáful
fájən wk. I
fálik
satisfaction)
fámuƨ
fámə
fár
fárhirdə
fárhërd
fárlik
fárwäscə
fárən adj.
fárənhayt
fáscepə
fáscäft adj.
fáscäftnes
fásum
misfortunes
fávur
fávurlik adj.
fávursum adj.
fávurən wk. I
fáz
fázən wk. I
race of birds, bird-kind
birdlime
birdnet
birdbath
#(OE = young bird)
prop of a snare for birds
bird-catching
swarming with birds
bird-augur (one who divines the future from the innards of birds; cf.
ornithology
fowler
bird-catching, fowling
some plant (OE = vetch)
larkspur
fiasco
fuzz
glee (also = gloating joy or satisfaction)
fable
of the nature of a fable, fabulous, incredible
fabulous, belonging to fable, mythical, legendary
fabled
to tell fables, make up stories, lie
faded
to fade
gleeful (also = gloatingly joyful)
to cajole, coax, talk into, wangle
joyous (occasion, coincidence, happening, etc.); causing glee (gloating
of good repute, reportedly good
a (widespread) report of a favorable or laudatory nature
sheep (collective) < Scand
shepherd
flock of sheep
of sheep
place for washing sheep
of sheep
Fahrenheit
mortal enmity
destitute
destitution
happy, merry, gay, delighted; feeling pleasure or delight at other’s
favour
favourable, worthy of favour
favouring, partial
to favour
facial expression
to be unabashed, be impudent
216
få adj.
få
fåk
fåkn
fåkndéd
fåknful adj.
fåkniən wk. II
fåknlik adj.
fåknsaru
fåkntåkn
fåknyəkwiss
fåla̋ cən wk. I
fåm
fåmann (pl. -menn)
fåmi adj.
fåmibank adj.
fåmibóƨm adj.
fåmihalƨ adj.
fåyən wk. II
fåʒ adj.
fåʒiən wk. II
fåʒnes
fåʒung
fåʒwürm
fåʒən wk. I
fåʒətung
fåʒətən wk. I
fäd adj.
fädər
fädərfe̋
fädərhåd
fädərkwal
fädərland
fädərlik adj.
fädərscepə
fädərslaʒə
fädərswïkə
fädəryard
fädəryəstrı̋ n
fädəräðəlscepə
fädərőðl
fädərə
fädərən adj.
fädərənbróðr
fädərənhalvə
fädərənknóƨl
fädərənkünn
fädərənméy
fädərənméyð
mortally inimical, mortally hostile
mortal enemy
difficult to work or deal with, uncooperative
deceit
deceitful deed
deceitful (person)
to deceive, be deceitful
deceitful, deceptive (thing, practice)
intrigue, plotting, conspiracy
deceptive sign
deceitful conspiracy
to be an enemy to, show hostility to
foam
party to a blood-feud, object of a blood-feud
foamy
with foaming banks (of a stream)
with foamy bosom
foamy-necked
to set at enmity
spotted, striped, speckled, dappled; variegated (animals)
to change colour
variegation, variety of colour
change of colour
cockatrice
to touch up, polish (off)
prevarication
to prevaricate
dominant
father
father’s assets, inherited property
fatherhood
patricide (act)
land owned by one’s father, inherited land
fatherly
paternity
patricide (person)
traitor to one’s father
#(OE = father’s dwelling, but only in Genesis)
patrimony, father’s goods
nobility on the father’s side
fatherland
paternal uncle
paternal
brother from the same father
father’s side
paternal lineage
paternal ancestry
paternal kinsman
paternal kin
217
fädərənnamə
patronym(ic)
fädərənyəsibb
agnate
fäk
a space, distance between two bounding objects; stretch (of a distance); leg
(of a race, a journey); interval, space, stretch (of time)
fäkful adj.
extensive, long
stopwatch
fäkhorlojə
fäklə
torch
fäklən wk. I
to torch
fäll
fall
fällmécə
guillotine
fällnəs
stumbling-block, ruin (?)
fällse̋ k adj.
epileptic
̋
fällseknes
epilepsy
fällwőri adj.
(feeling) faint, about to fall
fällyəteld
parachute
parachutist
fällyəteldhlápərə
fällþing
# (OE = mass, load)
fällən wk. I
to fell
fär
way (as in: Which way? Do you know the way to London? On the way there,
etc.)
färd
military force, army, military fleet
färdeƨnə
soldier
färdfar
military experience, military service
färdfärəld
military procession
färdfór
military expedition
military outfit
färdhamə
färdhräyl
piece of armour
färdhwät adj.
militarily adventurous
färding
military operation(s)
färdiən wk. II
to serve in the military
färdkräft
military strategy, tactics
färdkräftlik adj.
strategical, tactical
färdlik adj.
military (adj.), martial
färdláƨ adj.
without an army or military force
färdlåv
remnant of a military expedition
färdle̋ ð
military poem
färdmann (pl. -menn)
soldier, member of a military force
färdnes
militia
färdnəð
liability to military service
färdrink
honorable soldier
färdriən wk. II
to recruit
färdsang
marching-song
färdsaru
stratagem
färdscip
battleship
färdscorp
fittings and accessories for military service; armour
färdstevn
fixed term of military service
färdstrét
military road
färdsókn
military service, military attendance
färdtivr
military sacrifice
218
färdtrumə
färdung
färdward
färdwirðə adj.
färdwäyn
färdwërəd
färdwík
färdwítə
färdwíƨə
färdwíƨə2
färdyätwə
färdyəbann
färdyəmakə
färdyəstallə
färdyətrum
färfinding, färfindsport
färfindən str. III
färfindənd
färma̋ lə
färn
färnbedd
färnbrak
färnedisc
färnheyə
färni adj.
färnléƨu
färʒ
färʒhamə
färəld
fäst adj.
fästgangl adj.
fästhald adj.
fästhavl adj.
fästhavlnes
fästhüydi adj.
fästing
fästingmann (pl. -menn)
fästland
fästlik adj.
fästmód adj.
fästnes
fästréd adj.
fästrédlik adj.
fästrédnes
fäststall adj.
fästən wk. I
fästən
fästəndíc
fästənyät
martial band
military service
military watch or monitoring
militarily distinguished
military tank
military company (platoon, squad?)
military camp or encampment
fine for evading military service
military style, military way, military fashion
colonel?
military accoutrements
conscription; bannən tó färd conscript
mate in the military
comrade in arms
moving battalion or regiment #
orienteering
to find the (right) way, find one’s way
orienteer
odometer
fern
fern-bed
fern-brake
fern-pasture
hedge with ferns
fern-covered
fern-pasture
pig (adult, boar or sow)
hide of pig
passage, transit
fixed, fast, secure(d), settled; stable; sure; firm
tending to stick to routine
of fixed slope, incline, or declivity
retentive, tenacious; sparing, miserly, stingy
retentiveness, tenaciousness; miserliness, stinginess
steadfast, constant (in intentions, attitude, respect, caring thought)
fasting
a kind of retainer
land easily defended
staunch
constant in mind; resolute
fixedness, securedness, stability, firmness; firmament
of fixed opinion, purpose, or intention; inflexible (mentally)
unquestionable, without doubt
inflexibility of opinion, purpose, or intention
standing firmly
to fast, abstain from food
fastness, stronghold, fortress, fort
fort-ditch, moat
entrance of a stronghold
219
fästənyəwërk
fortified construction
fästərn
fast, fasting (abstinence from eating)
fästərnbrücə
breach of fast
fästərndäy
fast-day
fästərnlik adj.
of fasting, quadragesimal, lenten
fästərntíd
Lent
fästərnwïkə
week of fasting
fät
vessel (usu. for holding liquids (and of any size), but also sometimes any
container, such as a box, case, chest, coffin, casket, etc.)
fätt adj.
fat (adj.)
fätti
fatty, fat-filled (esp.of tissues, flesh, parts of the body, the skin, etc.)
fättiən wk. II
to become fat
fättnes
fatness, obesity
to fatten
fättən wk. I
fäwhevi
imponderable
fäwlik adj.
scanty
fäwmikl adj.
insignificant, minor
fäwnes
paucity; meagreness, scantiness
fäwté
fealty
fäwwittə
imbecile
fäwwërði
of little importance, insignificant, minor, trivial
little (quantity), few (number) (indecl. with gen. sg. for non-countables and
fäwə
gen. pl. for countables)
fäx
hair of head, head of hair
fäxbenn
wound under the hair
fäxfalling
falling off of hair
fäxfeng
seizing by the hair
fäxklåð
cloth to wrap around the hair of the head
fäxnett
hairnet
fäxnédl
crisping-pin
̋
fäxpren
hairpin
fäxscérə
scissors for the hair
fäxwund
sore under the hair
fäxədə adj.
full of (head-) hair, having much hair on the head
fäyn adj.
glad
fäyniən wk. II
to be glad
fäynnes
gladness
fäynung
expression of relief or gladness
fäyr adj.
goodlooking (also of things), pleasing to the eye (less impressively than
wliti), pleasing to the senses; fair (in literary sense); attractive, handsome, pretty; of good appearance, orderly,
clean, well-maintained
fäyriən wk. II
to embellish, prettify, dress up, make more attractive or presentable
fäyrlik adj.
goodly
fäyrnes
good looks, good appearance; pleasingness to the senses; attractiveness,
handsomeness, prettiness; orderliness, cleanness, well-maintained appearance
fäyrtellən wk. I
to whitewash
fäyrword
euphemism
fäyrwordlik
euphemistic
fäyrə adv.
nicely, agreeably, pleasantly, pleasingly
220
fäðm
embrace; outstretched or encircling arms
fäðmlik adj.
embracing, enclosing; outstretched (arms)
fäðmən wk. I
to embrace, enclose, envelop
fäƨ
border, trimming
fäƨl
semen
fa̋ cnes
ambition
fa̋ csum adj.
ambitious
fa̋ cən wk. I
to set one’s sights on (a goal, prize, target, pursuit, endeavour)
fa̋ kni adj.
sly, crafty
fa̋ knə adj.
underhanded
fa̋ lƨiən wk. II
to separate the good from the bad, weed out
fa̋ lə adj.
genuine, legitimate, authentic
fa̋ mnhåd
spinsterhood
fa̋ mnlik, fa̋ mnhådlik adj.
spinsterly
fa̋ mnə
old maid, spinster
to foam
fa̋ mən wk. I
fa̋ n wk. I
to paint (a painting or picture)
fa̋ ng
painting, art; painting (picture)
fa̋ ngart
art of painting
̋
fanol
phenol
phenyl
fa̋ nül
̋
fanülkétonúrya
phenylketonuria
fa̋ st
feast
fa̋ stən wk. I
to feast
fa̋ wërk
painting (picture)
imminent death, moribundity
fa̋ yð
fa̋ yə adj.
close to death, moribund, dying, about to die
fa̋ ʒing
beauty care, toilette
̋
faʒparlur
beauty parlour
fa̋ʒən wk. I
to tidy up, spruce up, put on makeup
̋
vendetta
faħþ
fa̋ ħþbót
payment for engaging in a vendetta
fé
fee (payment, service, or homage due a superior, especially a feudal lord)
fébl adj.
feeble
féblən wk. I
to enfeeble
féf
fief
féfən wk. I
to enfeoff
fégən wk. I
to do away with
fér
sudden turn of events, sudden calamity, sudden attack, sudden danger, sudden
mishap; shock, scare, surprise (usu. in a bad sense)
férbléd, férblést
sudden blast
férbrünə
sudden passion, sudden inflammation
férbəfangən adj.
beset by sudden calamities or attacks
fércelə
sudden chill
férdrürə
sudden fall (from a height), sudden drop
férdáð
sudden death
férful adj.
scared, frightened, alarmed
férfäll
sudden fall (of people, animals, or things on the ground)
férgripə
sudden grasp, sudden hold
221
férgrürə
férhaʒə
féringə adv.
férklamm
férkoðə
férkwalm
férlik adj.
férníð
férréƨ
férréƨəndə adj.
férsaru
férscaðə
férscot
férslidə
férspell
férsprüng
férsticə
férstult
férstërvə
férswïʒ
férsáð
fértr
féruntrumnes
férwundr
férzə
férådl
férƨ adj.
férƨamen
férƨaminən wk. I
férən wk. I
fét
fétgold
fétəd adj.
fétədhle̋ r adj.
fétədsink
fétəlƨ
fétəlƨiən wk. II
févr
févrfúʒə
févri adj.
févriən wk. II
févrkünn
févrse̋ k adj.
févrådl
féƨiən wk. II
fël
gen. pl. for countables)
fëlbəhabbəndə adj.
fëlduħti adj.
sudden horror
# (OE = hedge of terrors)
suddenly; unawares; unexpectedly
sudden grip
sudden attack of contagious disease
sudden painful death
sudden, unexpected; frightening
# (OE = hostile attack, but this should be *níðfér)
sudden rush or onrush
rushing headlong
snare, trap, plot
vandal or burglar out from lying hid
sudden shot
sudden slip or fall (as on ice)
unwelcome tidings
sudden eruption of water
sudden stitch (pain), sudden cramp or gripe
sudden daze
sudden pestilence
sudden silence
precipitous well
feretory
sudden infirmity
stark wonder
the queen at chess
apoplexy
ferocious
quiz
to quiz
to frighten, scare, shock (suddenly)
beaten out metal, plating
beaten gold, gold plating
ornamented with plating
with ornamental face-plating
beaten out treasure
receptacle, holder
to place in a receptacle
a fever
feverfew
feverish
to be feverish, suffer from fever
a kind of fever
feverish
fever
to deter
a lot (of), much, many (indecl. pron. with gen. sg. for non-countables and
comprehensive
versatile
222
fëlfald adj.
manifold, many times over, multiple
fëlfaldnes
multiplicity
fëlfarð
tripe
fëlfarən
well-travelled (person)
fëlfródə
polymath
fëlfrőknə adj.
very dangerous or fearsome
fëlfa̋ knə adj.
very underhanded
fëlgenjə adj.
much-travelled
fëlgodyəláv
polytheism
fëlgodyəlévənd
polytheist
fëlhabbəndə adj.
having much; rich (food)
fëlhrór adj.
very active
fëlhürnə
polygon
fëlkant
polyhedron
fëll
barren plateau, fjeld
very dear
fëlle̋ v adj.
fëlmaħti adj.
very mighty
fëlmódi adj.
very spirited
fëlsprécnes
loquacity
fëlsprécə adj.
loquacious
fëlsprék
loquacity
fëlsprëkl adj.
talkative
fëlsprëklnes
talkativeness
fëlsüllablik
polysyllabic
fëlsüllabə
polysyllable
fëlsünni adj.
much transgressing
polyandrous
fëlwerədə
fëlwerəryə
polyandry
fëlwlank adj.
very stately; very pompous
fëlwívmann
polygamist
fëlwívədə
polygamous
fëlwívəryə
polygamy
fëlwürdi adj.
loquacious
fëlwürdines
loquacity
fëlyung adj.
very young
fëlyómr adj.
very miserable
fëlétə adj.
eating much
fëlídlspréc adj.
engaging in much idle or empty talk
fëlən (= OE fēolan, feolan) pret. falʒ, fulʒən, pple. folʒən str. III to be joined to, be adhered to; to persevere
with, stick at, persist at
fër, fər prep.
prep. for = representing, on behalf of; supporting, defending, favoring; for the
benefit of
fërbén (fër ‘for’ + bőn ‘petition’) intercession
fërbőtən wk. I (with stress on fër) to make legal amends (vicariously)
fërdéd
a deed done on behalf of someone, a favour
fërm
fare (= type of food); board (in room and board, board and lodging); food
served (in an institution, to guests, or for pay)
fërmiən wk. II
to entertain, receive as guest, feed (travellers, guests); fərfërmiən to board,
provide regular meals for pay
223
fërmiənd
one who entertains (receives guests), or feeds travellers
fërmung
entertainment (of guests), feeding (of travellers, guests)
fërmərə
purveyor
fërnún
pronoun; comb. form pronominal; åʒəndlik fërnún possessive pronoun,
wissiəndlik fërnún demonstrative pronoun, freynəndlik fërnún interrogative pronoun, dédiəndlik fërnún
relative pronoun, untïħħəd fërnún indefinite pronoun
fërr adj.
far, distant (comp. firr, sup. firrəst)
fërrgläƨ
telescope
fërriən wk. II
to keep apart
fërrland
distant land
fërrlik adj.
alien, far off, characteristic of distant lands
fërrnes
distance
fërrpuynt
aphelion; (món-, planét-) apogee
fërrse̋ ndə adj.
farsighted
fërrung
separation, distance, distancing
fërrwey
long way
fërrþe̋ d
distant country
fërrən adv.
from afar
fërrənhlað
television set
fërrənkall
telephone call
come from afar (pple.)
fërrənkumən adj.
fërrənkumən str. IV
come from afar (inf.)
fërrənkund adj.
of distant origin, exotic
fërrənsewən adj.
seen from afar; on television
fërrənsiħt
sight from afar; television (viewing)
telephone number
fërrənsprëktäl
fërrənsprëkə
telephone;
fërrənsprëkən str. V
to talk by telephone
fërrənse̋ n str. V
to see from afar; to watch television
fërrəntäl
telephone number, phone number; a fërrəntäl ce̋ƨən dial a number
distant view, vista
fërrənvű
fërrənwrit
telegram
fërrənwrítən str. I
to telegraph
fërrənwrítərə
telegraph
teleconference
fërrənyəþaħtung
fërspréc
advocacy
fërsprëkə
advocate, intercessor, mediator
fërsprëkən str. V
to speak or answer for, advocate for, intercede for, be surety for
fërstandən str. VI
to represent (constituents, voters)
fërsóð adv.
forsooth, indeed, verily
fërtən str. III
to fart (audibly)
fëryeldən str. III
to defray
fërʒ
vitality, vigour, energy, spirit, vim, pep; life-force, that which gives life or
keeps one living, spirit
fërʒbalu
‘vitality-destruction’, cancer (fig.), blight (fig.), sickness, vitiation
fërʒbanə
one who or that which kills vitality, poison (esp. fig.), toxic person or
substance
fërʒbenn
wound to vitality or spirit, toxic wound
fërʒbold
poet. body
224
fërʒborə
fërʒbërənd
fërʒbërəndə adj.
fërʒdaʒəƨ pl.
fërʒdolʒ
fërʒful adj.
fërʒfäyn adj.
fërʒgevənd
fërʒgift
fërʒgóm
fërʒhirdə
fërʒhord
fërʒhúƨ
fërʒkwal
fërʒkwalm
fërʒkünn
fërʒlik adj.
fërʒlokə
fërʒlán
fërʒlåst
fërʒlëy
fërʒlürə
fërʒnër
age, e.g.)
fërʒréd
fërʒsweng
fërʒse̋ k adj.
fërʒwund
fërʒyəbërʒ
fërʒyədål
fërʒyəner
fërʒyəníðlə
fërʒákən adj.
fërʒful
fërʒådl
fërʒþarv
fërħt adj.
fërƨiən wk. II
fërþingiən wk. II
fërþingiənd
fërþingrédən
fërþingung
fëtr
fëtriən wk. II
fëtrwråƨn
fëtən str. V
fëðrbrüst adj.
fëðrbürə
fëðrda̋ ld adj.
one infused with vitality
sprightly or spry person
still alive, living, with life-force; sprightly, spry
vital days
infection of one’s spirit, corruption
vivacious
glad of spirit
giver of the life-force, giver of (one’s) spirit
gift of (the) spirit
#(OE (Bosworth-Toller) = fatal jaws, deadly jaws)
guardian of the spirit (?)
poet. breast, bosom, heart
poet. body
extinction of one’s spirit
painful sickness
living things?
vital
body
reward of vitality/vigour
pursuit of vitality
poet. death (‘laying down of the spirit’)
loss of spirit; loss of vitality, energy, etc.
preservation of the spirit; preservation of spirit, vitality, vim, etc. (into old
vital expedient
powerful stroke
sick in spirit; depressed, listless, lacking energy, etc.
wound to the spirit
refuge for the spirit
departure of vitality or spirit, death, terminal illness
salvation of the spirit
mortal foe
(‘pregnant with life’) full of vim, pep, spirit, vitality, vigour, etc. Also
melancholy, listlessness, dispiritedness
vital need? spiritual need?
gullible, naïve, simple, artless
to remove
to plead for, intercede for, defend (in court)
intercessor, defender (in court)
the defense (in court)
intercession, defense (in court)
fetter
to fetter, enfetter
neck-chain and collar
to copulate
#(OE = split into four)
quadruplet
quadripartite, quartered
225
fëðrecgədə adj.
fëðrfald adj.
fëðrfaldən wk. I
fëðrflówəndə adj.
fëðrfétə, fëðrfót(ədə) adj.
fëðrfótde̋ r
fëðrhwe̋ ldrift
fëðrhwe̋ lədə adj.
fëðrhı̋ wə adj.
fëðrhürnə
fëðrkant
fëðrneħtə adj.
fëðrrícə
fëðrríkə
fëðrscátəƨ pl.
fëðrscétə adj.
fëðrsídədə adj.
fëðrtémə adj.
fëðrwintrə adj.
fëðryeld
fëħt
fëħtgar
fëħthorn
fëħtling
fëħtlåk
fëħtsum adj.
fëħtwítə
fëħtən str. III
fëħtənd
fëħtərə
fe̋
sense), wealth
fe̋ aydə
fe̋ bígenjə
fe̋ bót
fe̋ bəhåt
fe̋ fang
fe̋ gavl
fe̋ gód
fe̋ haldərə
fe̋ húƨ
fe̋ land
fe̋ laʒlik adj.
fe̋ laʒrédən
fe̋ laʒscepə
fe̋ laʒə
fe̋ lik adj.
assets)
fe̋ lást
four-edged, square
fourfold, quadruple
to quadruple
flowing in four streams
four-footed
four-footed animal, quadruped
four-wheel drive
four-wheeled
(OE = having four forms) of four appearances?
quadrangle, quadrilateral
tetrahedron
four days old
tetrarchy
tetrarch
four quarters of the earth
four-cornered
four-sided, quadrilateral
with four horses abreast
four years old
#(OE = fourfold compensation)
fight
militant (n. and adj.)
battle-horn
fighter, combatist
fighting, combat, battle
pugnacious
penalty for fighting
to fight
fighter, combatant
(professional) fighter, boxer, wrestler
assets, capital, property, goods (a̋ ħtfe̋ ); money (esp. in general, nonphysical
financial aid
money-worshipper
financial compensation
promise of money (or goods)
offense of taking a bribe
tribute in kind
capital good
trustee (in legal senses)
treasure-house
profitable land
that works well with others
company, corporation
partnership
partner (in business)
monetary, pecuniary, financial (esp. referring to intangible money, wealth,
want of money, want of wealth, want of assets or property or goods
226
fe̋ láƨ adj.
fe̋ la̋ ning
fe̋ maʒnes
fe̋ rling
fe̋ rðing
fe̋ rðinglik adj.
fe̋ rðə adj.
fe̋ rðə da̋ l
fe̋ rédən
fe̋ scätt
fe̋ spilling
fe̋ spődəƨ pl.
fe̋ stiħting
fe̋ strang adj.
fe̋ wr adj.
fe̋ writ
fe̋ wrti adj.
fe̋ wrtifald adj.
fe̋ wrtilik adj.
fe̋ wrtiyérə adj.
fe̋ wrtiʒəðə adj.
fe̋ wrténnäħt
fe̋ wrténwintrə adj.
fe̋ wrténə adj.
fe̋ wrte̋ðə adj.
fe̋ wítə
fe̋ yarkiən
fe̋ yërn adj.
fe̋ yërnnes
fe̋ yízung
fe̋ yízərə
fe̋ yəhåt
fe̋ yərővə
fe̋ yəscot
fe̋ yəstald
fe̋ yəstrı̋ n
fíalə
fífti adj.
Fíftidäy
fíftifald adj.
fíftiwintrə adj.
fíftiʒəðə adj.
fíftyəsmann
fífténneħtə adj.
fífténwintr adj.
fífténə adj.
fífte̋ðə adj.
fíftə adj.
fíftə da̋ l
moneyless, penniless, bankrupt, without assets or property or goods or capital
money-loaning
funds, monetary resources; brukənlik fe̋ maʒnes disposable funds
quarter (coin)
farthing; quarter, fourth
quarterly (publication, etc.)
fourth
a quarter, fourth (part)
finances, financial state
piece of currency
waste of money, waste of (capital) resources
riches
economy, economics
strong in money or assets, well-off, affluent
four
financial statement
forty
forty-fold
quadragesimal
of forty years
fortieth
fortnight
fourteen years old
fourteen
fourteenth
fine, monetary penalty
to finance, fund, supply capital for
avaricious
avariciousness
cupidity, avarice
one covetous of (another’s) money
commitment of money
treasurer
#(OE = payment of money)
monetary property or assets
accumulation of wealth or money
phial
fifty
Pentecost
fifty-fold
fifty years old
fiftieth
captain of fifty
fifteen days old
fifteen years old
fifteen
fifteenth
fifth
a fifth (part)
227
fífə
Fíji
fík
fíkláv
fíktre̋
fíkwürm
fíkwürt
fíkådl
fíkən str. I (or wk.?)
fílə
fílən wk. I
fín adj.
fín
fíniən wk. II
fínə
físt
fístən wk. I
fív adj.
fívaldə
Fívbők pl.
fívbürə
fívecgədə adj.
fívfald adj.
fívfaldən wk. I
fívfingrə
fívflőrə adj.
fívhundrəd adj.
fívhürnə
fívl
fívlappədə adj.
fívldur
fívlkünn
fívlstrám
fívlwey
fívláv
fívlínə
fívmäyn
fívneħtə adj.
fívplëʒən pl.
fívwintrə adj.
fívyér
fíƨ
fíən wk. I
fïkiən wk. II
fïkl adj.
fïkung
of less worth)
fïrð
fı̋ l
fife (flutelike instrument)
Fiji
fig
figleaf
figtree
intestinal worm
figwort
venereal ulcer
to fidget
(office) file
to file (papers)
fine (refined, splendid, good, well-made, elegant, costly)
pile
to pile
woodpecker
a silent fart
to fart silently
five
butterfly
Pentateuch
quintuplet
having five edges
fivefold, quintuple
to quintuple
oxlip
five-storeyed, having five floors
five hundred
pentagon
huge sea-monster
five-lobed
‘door of sea-monsters’, river EIder
sea-monster-kind
‘sea-monster-stream’, ocean, sea
ocean, sea
cinquefoil
pentagram
#(OE = magic power, related to fīfel)
five days old
pentathlon
five years old
period of five years, lustrum
puffball fungus
to stomach (something)
to switch
tricky, unreliable
fraudulent exchange, deception by switching (one thing for another inferior or
firth, fjord
file (grinder)
228
fı̋ lhard adj.
hard as a file/hard enough to resist a file/ file-hardened
̋
fıliən wk. II
to file (grind down)
fı̋ nd (pl. fı̋ nd)
enemy, foe
fı̋ ndgråp
enemy’s grip
fı̋ ndisc adj.
inimical
fı̋ ndlik adj.
hostile
fı̋ ndmód
animosity
fı̋ ndrédən
enmity
fı̋ ndréƨ
hostile attack
fı̋ ndscaðə
fiend
fı̋ ndscepə
hostility
fı̋ ndsläħt
slaughter of enemies
̋
̋
fındsek adj.
possessed by compassion for the enemy
fı̋ ndulv
public enemy, malefactor, criminal
fı̋ ndyeld
payment to the enemy
to antagonize
fı̋ yən wk. II
fı̋ yəð
antagonism
fódinwending
metabolism; fódinwending- metabolic
fódmə
produce (of the land)
fódmən wk. I
to bear fruit (and fig.)
foodstuff
fódnəð
fódr
fodder, animal feed
fódrbrüttə
distributor of fodder among animals, animal-feeder
fódriən wk. II
to feed (animals)
fódrnəð
(animals’) sustenance
rack for fodder
fódrrekkə
fódrwëlə
wealth of animals’ food
fódryëv
ration of fodder
fódrþëʒ
(animals’) meal
fódə
food (Nahrung); with indefinite article or in plural: article of food
fól
simpleton, empty-headed person, person wanting intellect
fólhardi adj.
foolhardy
fólisc adj.
wanting intellect, empty-headed; excessively optimistic or credulous
fóllik adj.
implausible (dreams, hopes, etc.)
fón str. VII
to seize (lands, possessions, property), to capture (a city, stronghold), to take
(prisoners, captives), to (actively or forcibly) gain possession of, take possession of
fór
expedition
2
fór
hog
fórbedd
portable bed
fóriən wk. II
to go on an expedition
fóstr
foster-care
fóstrbarn
foster-child
fóstrbróðr
foster-brother
fóstrcild
foster-child (infant)
fóstrfädər
foster-father
fóstring
(child) ward, charge
fóstriən wk. II
to foster, bring up, rear, raise (children, rarely animals), i.e. to nurse, feed,
and/or raise another’s child (or a pet) as one’s own
fóstrland
land granted for the support of the recipients (?)
229
fóstrling
fóstrlán
fóstrmann
fóstrmódr
fóstrswëstr
fóstrəð
fót pl. főt
fótbord
fótbred
fótecə
fótfëtr
fótgangəndə adj.
fótiən wk. II
fótklåð
fótkosp
fótkoðə
fótleyk
fótlik adj.
fótlåst
fótmél
fótméləm adv.
fótnäyl
fótråp
fótscaml
fótscankə
fótsetl
fótspor
fótspurə
fótstakə
fótstapl
fótstån
fótswamm
fótswað
fótswülə
fótsíd adj.
fóttrində
fótwärk
fótyəmet
fótyəmärk
fótyəwéd
fótådl
fótådli adj.
fótþwál
fóðr
fóðr2
fóðriən wk. II
fóðrən wk. I
fóðərn
foster-child, nursling, ward
payment for child-rearing
man responsible for the rearing of another’s child
foster-mother
foster-sister
fostering, rearing of another’s child as one’s own
foot
footboard (=?)
treadle
ache in the foot
foot-fetter
going on foot
to ‘step on it’, hasten, accelerate
‘footcloth’, cloth covering for the foot (cloth slipper? foot bandage?)
restraints for the feet
a contagious disease of the feet
football, soccer
of the foot, pertaining to the foot, podiatric
footprint, impression of the foot
mark measuring one foot
step by step, gradually
toenail, = tånäyl
the loose part of the sheet by which a sail is trimmed to the wind, ‘propes’
footstool
pastern
ottoman, footstool
trail of footprints
heel, sole of foot containing the heel
supporting ‘stake’ or rod
sandal, slipper, low-cut shoe
pedestal, base
athlete’s foot
vestigial footprint
varicose vein in the foot
reaching to the feet
football, soccer ball
sharp pain in the foot
measure of one foot, foot as a unit of measure (also simply ‘fót’)
line not to be stepped past
footwear
foot-disease
diseased in the feet
washing of the feet
case (enveloping cover), casing
shipment, load, cargo
to encase
to fother (see OED)
lancet arch
230
fóʒ
German mit Fug und Recht)
fóƨi adj.
fóƨlən wk. I
förrə
förrən wk. I
főding
fődəlƨ
fődəlƨfuʒl
fődəlƨswín
fődən wk. I
főling
főllið
főlláƨ adj.
főlnes
főlə
főlən wk. I
főnix
Főnízisc
Főnízya
főr
főr2
főrð
főrə adj.
főrən wk. I
főrənd
főrəndə adj.
főstrə
főstrən wk. I
főying, főynes
főyən wk. I
főð
főðgang
főðherə
főðhwarv
főðing
főðkempə
főðláƨ adj.
főðlåst
főðmann
főðmund
főðriən wk. II
főðrə adj.
főðspődi adj.
főðwíy
főðyest
főðyërn adj.
főðə
főðən wk. I
good reason (to do something), justification, right (mid fóʒə and mid rëħtə =
spongy, porous
to make a mess of, screw up
lining (covering an inner surface, e.g. of a coat, sheath, case, casket, etc.)
to line
feeding
feeding, keep, board
fatted bird
fatted swine
to feed
feeling, touching
tentacle
without feeling or sensation, numb
sensation
feeling, sensation
to feel (tr.)
phoenix
Phoenician
Phoenicia
standard retail price, undiscounted (and uninflated) price
a march
fitness, able-bodiedness, soundness
fit (as for military service), able-bodied, healthy, sound, strong
to march
marcher
marching
nanny
to nurture
fitting
to fit (tr., intr.)
gait
journey on foot
(hostile) infantry
change or rotation of infantry troops
travel on foot
footsoldier
having no footmen
footprint or track of infantryman
pedestrian
# (OE = forepaw)
to load down, weigh down, overload (?)
loaded, with a load
speedy on foot
strife on foot
stranger come on foot
eager to set out on foot
footman, foot-soldier
to go on foot, travel on foot
231
főðənd
one who travels on foot
fúdr
thunderbolt, bolt of lightning
fúl adj.
unpleasant to the senses, foul, ugly, stinking, putrid, dirty, messy, bad-tasting,
rotten, disgusting, yucky, repulsive, repugnant; also morally repugnant (encompasses all of these meanings,
with separarate words for the more specific meanings -- although the dominant sense is ‘repulsive or repugnant
to the senses, ‘yucky’, and esp. to the sense of smell, ‘stinking, fetid, putrid’’)
fúli adj.
person: rotten, corrupt, no good; action, words: objectionable, shameful, base;
thing: junky, garbage (adj.), worthless
fúliən wk. II
to be fúl, stink, be unpleasant or offensive to the senses, be repugnant or
disgusting, be dirty, messy, ugly, foul, rotten, bad-tasting, repulsive, or morally repugnant
fúllik adj.
obnoxious
fúlnes
foulness, condition or quality of fúl
fúlstinkəndə adj.
foul-smelling
fúltre̋
black alder
fúħt adj.
damp
to become damp
fúħtiən wk. II
fúƨ adj.
bound (for a destination); about to: hé is fúƨ til hlápənə he is about to jump
fúƨiən wk. II
to head (for a destination)
fúƨlik adj.
ready to start, ready to go
̋
fúƨleð
death-song, dirge
readiness or intention to depart (for some destination)
fúƨnes
fúƨə
fuse (for a bomb, etc.)
fülcə
tribe
fülidlik
that can be loyal to, that can be faithful to
fülines
loyalty, attachment, bond
fülkiən wk. II
to marshal troops
fülkən wk. I
to populate
fülling
(action of) filling
füllingtíd
compline
füllə
fill (n.), fullness, something that is full, state of being full
to fill
füllən wk. I
fülləndlik adj.
expletive
fülləð
filling (e.g. for pastry); (land-)fill
fülləðflód
#(OE = high tide)
fülon
phylum
fülsnə
hideout
fülsnən wk. I
to skulk
fülst
assistance
fülstə
assistant
fülstən wk. I
to assist
fülstənd
enabler (with both good and bad senses)
fülying
(loyal) following
fülyə
filly (young female horse, mule, donkey, or camel)
fülyən wk. I
to be faithful/loyal to, follow loyally
fülyənd
loyal follower, adherent
fülyərə
adherent
fülyəstrə
loyal female follower
fülð
fullness
fünd
a find, what is found, discovery, finding
232
fündi
fündəl
füni adj.
fünʒiən wk. II
fünə
fürkliən wk. II
fürməst adj.
fürn adj.
fürndaʒəƨ pl.
fürndóm
fürni adj.
fürnisc
fürnkunnərə
fürnkwa̋ ð
fürnlik adj.
fürnlívájə
fürnmakiən wk. II
fürnmann
fürnnes
fürnrédən
fürnscaðə
fürnstráməƨ pl.
fürnstånájə
fürnsäyən
fürnsa̋ tə
fürnwinn
fürnwërk
fürnwïtə
fürnyedd
fürnyér
fürnyérəƨ pl.
fürnyəflit
fürnyəflïtə
fürnyəliƨə
fürnyəmünd
long gone and forgotten)
fürnyəscäp
fürnyəstrı̋ n
fürnyəwërk
fürnyəwürħt
fürnåħt
fürnűƨájə
fürrə adj.
fürskóʒ
fürst adj.
fürstyəstür
fürwald
fürwit
fürwitful adj.
irrepressible
a lucky find; windfall
mildewy, moldy, musty
to become mildewy, moldy, or musty
mildew
to flicker
primary
old (opp. new), ancient, antique
days of yore
antiquity
old-fashioned
archaic
archeologist
archaism
antiquated
Palaeozoic
to antiquate
yesterday’s man, man of old times
age (opp. newness)
former state, former condition
old fiend, devil
poet. ocean
Palaeolithic; fürnstånáj- palaeolithic
old legend, ancient legend
former seat (e.g. of government)
primeval struggle
ancient work, work of old, creation
longtime counsellor, sage
(same) old story
a former year, past year
former years, years past, long ago
former quarrel, old argument
long-standing opponent (in an argument, quarrel, or debate)
archaeology, antiquities
‘ancient history’ (as the expression is used in English, to mean something
ancient creature
ancient treasure
ancient construction
former deed or performance
antique
archaism
fore-, anterior
evergreen woods
frontmost, foremost (in literal physical sense), most at or towards the front?
avant-garde (movement)
evergreen forest
curiosity, inquisitiveness
full of curiosity or inquisitiveness
233
fürwiti adj.
fürwitspell
fürwityërn adj.
fürwityërnlik adj.
fürwityërnnes
fürðring
fürðrən wk. I
fürðrənd
fürħtisc adj.
fürħtə
fürħtən wk. I
fürħþ
fürƨ
fürƨgårə
fürƨpenn
fürƨéy
fürə
fürət
füsegnomyə
füsik
füsikistə
füxə
füxən adj.
füxənhűd
füytə
fű interj.
fűlð
fűlə
fűlən wk. I
fűm
fűmən wk. I
fűr
fűrbend
fűrbrünə
fűrbäð
fűrbérə adj.
fűrbőtə
fűrdrakə
fűrfäxən adj.
fűrfódə
fűrgnåst
fűrhard adj.
fűrhåt adj.
fűrhúƨ
fűriən wk. II
fűrklamm
fűrkrúkə
fűrkünn
Fűrland
curious, inquisitive
anecdote
eager to know
studious? (if this word is necessary)
eagerness to know
furtherance, promotion
to further, promote, advance, benefit
promoter
phobic
phobia
to intimidate, frighten (not as suddenly as hräddən)
sparsely wooded land, semi-wooded clearing between forested areas, parkland
furze, gorse, whin
furzy corner
a pen of furze?
furzy island
conifer, evergreen tree
ferret
physiognomy
physics
physicist
vixen, she-fox
of a fox
fox-skin
escape-hatch
fie! for shame! shame on you!
filth; putrid or fetid matter
pariah
to taint
noxious gas
to gas
fire
bond forged in the fire
conflagration
fire-bath, hellfire
fire-bearing, fiery
fireman
fire-spewing dragon
fiery-haired
fuel for the fire
starting of a fire (esp. by natural causes)
hardened by fire
hot as fire, burning, ardent
house with a fireplace in it, as opposed to outbuildings
to fire up (a furnace, oven, etc.)
deadly grip of fire
crucible (for melting metals), kettle
fire-kind
Tierra del Fuego
234
fűrlokə
fiery prison (?)
̋
fűrlemə
fire-beam, beam of firelight
fűrle̋ ħt
firelight
fűrmél
(measuring-)mark burnt in by fire
fűrpannə
fire-pan, brazier, chafing dish
fűrrakə
fire-rake
fűrscovl
fire-shovel
fűrsmërtəndə adj.
smarting like fire
fűrsparkə
fire-spark
fűrstån
firestone, stone used for striking fire, flint
fűrswart adj.
(of skin) blackened by smoke
fűrtangə
(fire-)tongs
fűrtorr
beacon, lighthouse
fűrur
furor, furore
fűrwalm
wave of fire
preparation by fire, cooking, heating
fűryarwung
fűryärwing
preparation by fire (cooking, tempering, etc.)
fűryəbrek
(loud) crackling of a fire
fűryəbërʒ
keeping safe from fire, fire-insulation
fűrþollə
sacuepan for the fire (perhaps on a raised platform)
of fire, fiery
fűrən adj.
fűrən wk. I
to castrate (esp. a man); fig. to emasculate
fűrənfäklə
fiery torch
fűrəntåkn
fiery sign
fűsliən wk. II
to strike with the fist, punch
fist
fűst
fűstsläyən adj.
struck with the fist
fűstyəbát
pounding with the fist
fűħtən wk. I
to make damp, wet, moisten
fűƨil
gunlock
to dispatch, send forth, off or away speedily; (refl.) to set out hastily, hurry,
fűƨən wk. I
hasten
fərprefix indicating loss, ruin, destruction; consumption, perversion, finishing, to
the end, to all ends, to the limit; occasionally = trans-; excess; evil, harm; error; omission, neglect; opposite;
pejorative
fəraldiən wk. II
to age, decay, wear out with age
fəraðlən wk. I
to profiteer
fəraðlərə
profiteer
fərbaðiən wk. II
to bathe deeply, imbrue
fərbelʒən str. III
to become enraged
fərbindən str. III
to restrain by tying, tie up, bind up
fərblendən wk. I
to dazzle, blind
fərblindiən wk. II
to be dazzled or blinded (by bright light)
fərblåwən str. VII
to blow away
fərblédən wk. I
to inflate to bursting
fərblődən wk. I
to bleed to exhaustion
fərbod
prohibition, interdiction
fərbodiən wk. II
to ban, proscribe
fərbodung
ban, proscription
235
fərborənlik adj.
fərbrennən wk. I
fərbrestən str. III
fərbreydən str. III
fərbrinnən str. III
fərbrokən adj.
fərbrétən wk. I
fərbrëkən str. IV
fərbrúk
fərbrúkən str. II
fərbrütiən wk. II
fərbrüttən wk. I
fərbrűƨən wk. I
fərbéyəlƨ
fərbéyən wk. I
fərbërʒən str. III
fərbërən str. IV
fərbe̋ dən str. II
fərbe̋ dəndlik adj.
fərbítən str. I
fərbı̋ tiən wk. II
fərbúʒən str. II
making a circuit
fərbücgən wk.I
fərbürd
fərbürdi adj.
fərbürdiən wk. II
fərcellən wk. I
fərcippiən wk. II
fərcásən wk. I
fərcärring
fərcärrnes
fərcärrən wk. I
fərce̋ wən str. II
fərdelvən str. III
fərdemmən wk. I
fərdillən wk. I
fərdilmenjən wk. I
fərdilʒiən wk. II
fərdimmiən wk. II
fərdraʒən str. VI
fərdrencən wk. I
fərdrenkən wk. I
fərdrinkən str. III
fərdrunkən adj.
fərdrédən str. VII
fərdre̋ʒən str. II
fərdre̋ƨən str. II
fərdrívən str. I
dispensable
to destroy, torture, or injure by burning
to give way, fail, snap, break (esp. in yielding to pressure)
to practise sleight of hand, play tricks on
to be destroyed, tortured, or injured by burning
broken down; decrepit
to crush up
to break down
use, consumption, wear
to use, use up, consume, wear
to be contrite
to chop up
to cover in bruises
arched roof (dome?)
to warp
to harbour (criminals, doubts)
to dispense with, do away with, (be able to) do without, not need
to forbid, prohibit
prohibitive
to bite through (?)
to boast in public, trumpet forth
to bend from, refrain from, avoid, decline; (in cards) pass; pass by or avoid by
to redeem, get back or recover by paying a fee; set free by paying a ransom
doing without, making do (with)
doing without, making do (with)
to make do (with)
to chill (the air, the ground, a person -- cf. cillən)
to chip away
to tire with chasing
turning from duty or right, perversion, seduction
state of being turned from duty or right, perversion, seduction
to turn from duty or right, pervert, seduce
to chew up
to hide by burrowing
to dam up
to soothe, calm by lulling
to gloss over
to exterminate, abolish
to dim, dim down, obscure, darken
to draw along, lead (into a trap or a deception, etc.)
to saturate
to make drunk, intoxicate, inebriate
to become drunk, become intoxicated or inebriated
drunken
to be terrified (of)
to bear patiently, endure; to put up with; to submit to
to plummet, plunge, fall or drop sharply; to tumble (prices)
to drive to ruin
236
fərdrővnes
fərdrővən wk. I
fərdrúʒiən wk. II
fərdublən wk. I
fərdulliən wk. II
fərdwelmən wk. I
fərdwínən str. I
fərdáwiən wk. II
fərdáwung
fərda̋ lən wk. I
fərdërvən str. III
fərdíciən wk. II
fərdón anom.
fərdőmdlik adj.
fərdőmdnes
fərdőmnes
fərdőmən wk. I
fərdőmənd
fərdüttən wk. I
fərermən wk. I
fərfallən str. VII
crumble
fərfalləndə
fərfang
fərfangənnes
fərfarən str. VI
perish
fərfendən wk. I
fərfinding
fərfindən str. III
fərfirrən wk. I
fərfléyən wk. I
fərfle̋ n str. II
fərfle̋ tən str. I
fərflüttən wk. I
fərfolʒiən wk. II
fərfonnən wk . I
fərfreyning
fərfreynən str. III
fərfreynərə
fərfruscən wk. I
fərfrëtən str. V
fərfäll
fərférən wk. I
fərfëħtən str. III
fərfón str. VII
fərfőrən wk. I
fərfüllən wk. I
fərfülyən wk. I
perturbation
to perturb
to desertify
to plagiarize (a document, etc.)
to fail to understand; to fail to achieve, perpetrate, etc.
to entrance (?) (en-trance)
to decompose, disappear by chemical action
to condense (of vapour, steam becoming liquid)
condensation (of water vapour)
to divide up
to become exhausted with labour
to shut out by a ditch
to bring to naught, undo (in sense ‘destroy, ruin’)
condemnable
being condemned, condemnation
condemnation
to condemn
one who condemns
to close up, block up, barricade
to reduce to poverty
to fall in character or worth; to decline, deteriorate, diminish, degenerate; to
declining, decadent, deteriorating, going downhill (fig.)
forfeiture
forfeit
to get lost (also as a curse); to go far away (and never come back), disappear;
to prohibit, ban, bar
reconnaissance
to reconnoitre
to banish to a remote location
to cause (a crowd, etc.) to disperse or thin out
to get away (from)
to drift aground
to move away or out of reach
to pursue, follow with evil intentions
to become silly or senseless
interrogation
to interrogate
interrogator
to make or become physically or emotionally exhausted
to wolf down, devour
decline, decadence, deterioration
to petrify, scare stiff
to become exhausted with fighting
to forfeit
to go (far) away, disappear, be lost
to saturate, fill completely
to be partisan to
237
fərfülyənd
fərfülyəndə
fərgabbən wk. I
fərgadriən wk. II
fərgangən str. VII
fərgetən str. IV
fərgevən str. IV
fərglendrən wk. I
fərglopnən wk. I
fərgnaʒən str. VI
fərgnídən str. I
fərgrindən str. III
fərgrindət
fərgrávən wk. I
fərgrëmiən wk. II
fərgrípən str. I
fərgríwd
fərgríwən wk.?
fərgrówən adj.
fərgründən wk. I
fərgån anom.
fərga̋ lən wk. I
fərga̋ ying
fərga̋ ynes
fərga̋ yən wk. I
fərgört
fərgúmiən wk. II
fərgültən wk. I
fərgürdən wk. I
fərhabbən wk. I
fərhabbənd
fərhalding
fərhaldnes
fərhaldən str. VII
fərhangiən wk. II
fərhardiən wk. II
undesirably
fərheccən wk. I
fərhellən wk. I
fərhengən wk. I
fərherdən wk. I
undesirably, “overharden”
fərherʒiən wk. II
fərherʒiənd
fərherʒung
fərhoʒiən wk. II
fərhoʒiənd
fərhoʒəd adj.
fərhoʒədlik
partisan (n.)
partisan (adj.)
to parody
to collect (intr., of garbage, sediment, etc.); to pool (resources)
to lose one’s way (in walking)
to run out of, no longer have
to surrender (tr. and intr.)
to gorge on
to be flabbergasted, blown away (slang)
to gnaw away, wear away
to chafe
to grind down, wear down
attrition
to aggravate, exacerbate
to deprive of by displeasing God
to assail
dissolute, dissipated
to sink (into vice), degenerate, dissipate
overgrown
to send to the bottom; to abase
to pass over, pass by, omit, neglect, ignore; to forgo, abstain from
to avoid duty or duties
trespassing, transgressing
trespass, transgression
to trespass, transgress
forlorn
to disregard
to render guilty
to encircle, enclose
to hold in, restrain, retain, keep back; to draw back, refrain from, avoid
continent person
detention
that which detains
to detain
to be hanged
to harden (intr.) unwantedly or undesirably, become hard unwantedly or
to fence in (and so seclude or segregate)
to transfuse
to suspend
to harden (tr.) unwantedly or undesirably, to make hard unwantedly or
to ravage
ravager
ravaging, devastation
to lose interest in
uninterested party
uninterested
that causes one to lose interest, uninteresting
238
fərhoħt
fərhradiən wk. II
fərhrőrən wk. I
fərhuʒiən wk. II
conscience, etc.
fərhwärvdlik
fərhwärvdnes
fərhwärvən wk. I
fərhwërvən str. III
stalemate
fərháwən str. VII
fərhåriən wk. II
fərhåtən str. VII
fərhävəd adj.
fərhävədnes
fərha̋ tən wk. I
fərha̋ðən wk. I
fərhénən wk. I
fərhëliən wk. II
fərhëlən str. IV
fərhı̋ wiən wk. II
fərhı̋ wung
fərhı̋ wərə
fərhón str. VII
fərhónən wk. I
fərhórən wk. I
fərhőding
fərhődən wk.
fərhücgən wk. I
fərhüllən wk. I
fərhülmən wk. I
fərhüngrən wk. I
fərhüscən wk. I
fərhűdən wk. I
fərirkən wk. I
fərjustən wk. I
fərjüjən wk. I
fərkaccən wk. I
fərkastən wk. I
fərklaymən wk. I
fərklemmən wk. I
hunger pains)
fərklingən str. III
fərkla̋ mən wk. I
fərkle̋ vən str. II
fərklüccən wk. I
fərklűƨən wk. I
fərkostiən wk. II
fərkraviən wk. II
disinterest
to do or act prematurely
to unsettle
to forget about, disregard, ignore, pass over, lose from one’s mind, attention,
adulterable
state of being adulterated
to adulterate
to go in circles without getting anywhere or progressing, to stagnate,
to demolish (fig. an argument, a reputation, etc.)
to grow hoary, esp. prematurely, grow prematurely grey
to denounce
continent, abstemious
continence, abstinence, self-restraint
to overheat
to burn up (of summer heat), parch
to defeat, humble, humiliate, outdo, clobber, cream, trounce
to disguise (fig.), hide (fig.), conceal, make difficult to see
to keep hidden, keep from view
to make appearances, feign, dissimulate, pretend
pretence, hypocrisy
dissembler, hypocrite
to hang (a criminal e.g.), hang to death
to vilify, vilipend
to debauch
inattention
to ignore, not pay attention to
to disdain
to screen, protect, cover, hide
to refuse obedience to
to be starving, be famished: mé fərhüngrəð I am starving, I am famished
to denigrate, insult, slight, affront
to hide away
to turn off (someone)
to overthrow, defeat (in a joust)
to nitpick
to drive or lead into a trap, entrap
to cast away, reject
to arrogate (something, tr.)
to pinch with hunger, fasting, or thirst (mín maʒə fərklemməð (mek) I have
to become clumpy or clumped
to coat or stop up with paste or an adhesive
to destroy by cleaving or splitting
to stop up by clenching
to lock away (in prison, etc.)
to tempt
to insist upon (getting)
239
fərkraƨən wk. I
fərkrempən wk. I
fərkumən str. IV
fərkunniən wk. II
fərkursiən wk. II
fərkwolstən wk. I
fərkwéƨən wk. I
fərkwëðən str. V
fərkwínən str. I
fərkëniən wk. II
fərkërvən str. III
fərköyrən wk. I
fərkúð adj.
fərkűðən wk. I
criticize, reprove
fərlangiən wk. II
fərlecgən wk. I
fərleyəs
fərlicgən str. V
fərlicgənd
fərlimp
fərlimptrügging
fərlimpən str. III
fərliviən wk. III
fərliyr
fərliyrbedd
fərliyrgang
fərliyrhúƨ
fərliyrlik adj.
fərliyrwív
fərliyrən adj.
fərliðən adj.
fərliðənnes
fərlokkiən wk. II
fərlokkung
fərlor
utter degeneracy
fərloriən wk. II
decayed, or degenerated
fərloynən wk. I
fərloƨiən wk. II
fərlán str. VI
fərlåkən str. VII
fərla̋ dən wk. I
fərla̋ rən wk. I
fərla̋ vd
fərla̋ vən wk. I
fərla̋ðən wk. I
fərléting
to destroy or ruin by pressure, compression, or squeezing
to syncopate
to wind up (somewhere), end up (somewhere)
to lapse in one’s studies or learning
to doom, condemn
to guzzle
to bash (in physical sense)
to arrogate (that, intr.)
to pine away
to concoct, hatch (evil plans, schemes, stories, etc.)
to carve up
to lose one’s way when going by vehicle
notorious, infamous, ill-reputed
to make (a fault, flaw, vice, bad trait acc.) known to someone (dat.), to
to be possessed with longing
to lay aside, lay down, put down (e.g. weapons)
prostitute, adulteress, concubine
to commit fornication or adultery
fornicator, adulterer
accident
accident insurance
to happen by accident
to live a bad, poor, wanton, or misguided life
fornication, adultery
bed of fornication
act of fornication
house of fornication, brothel
of fornication
mistress, adulteress
fornicating
shipwrecked
shipwreck
to seduce
seduction
complete and irreparable loss, damage, decay, or degeneration; perdition;
fig. ‘to go to hell’, become irreparably and completely lost, damaged,
to stray, be disloyal
to go missing
to criticize harshly, find great fault with
to be misleading, to be deceptive
to lead astray
to teach wrongly
abandoned, deserted, derelict
to abandon, leave for good, leave to one’s own devices
to demonize
dissolution of responsibility
240
fərlétnes
disengagement from an issue, matter, concern, problem, responsibility, duty,
etc.
fərlétə (pl.?)
losses, sufferings
fərlétən str. VII
(with persons as object) to (allow oneself to) have nothing to do with, absolve
oneself of responsibility for, disengage oneself from, emancipate (children), renounce, forsake, cut off; (with
things as object) to neglect, abandon, leave to decay or rot; disengage oneself from (an issue, responsibility,
problem, etc.), forsake (the law, e.g.), renounce (a duty, custom, habit, sin)
fərléynən wk. I
to disavow; disown; disclaim, renounce (principles)
fərléƨing
dismissal
fərléƨnes
discharge
fərléƨən wk. I
to dismiss, discharge, release from duty or obligation
fərle̋ʒən str. II
to be caught in a lie, be caught lying, contradict oneself
̋
fərleƨən str. II
to lose, have something go missing
fərlítnən wk. I
to minimize
fərlíðən str. I
to suffer shipwreck
to learn wrongly, learn amiss
fərlïrniən wk. II
fərlı̋ rnes
passing away; transmigration
fərlı̋ rən wk. I
to pass away, die; fərlı̋ rən in (acc.) to transmigrate into
fərmaniən wk. II
to admonish
fərmanung
admonition
to inform against, report on (someone)
fərmeldiən wk. II
fərmeltən str. III
to melt away, liquefy (intr.)
fərmenjən wk. I
to assimilate (something into something else)
fərmiskiən wk. II
to mix up, mess up, confuse
fərmoltənnes
state of being liquefied
to disintegrate
fərmolƨniən wk. II
fərmoʒiən wk. II
to corrupt, damage irreparably
fərmältlik, fərmoltənlik
liquifiable
fərmältən wk. I
to melt away, liquefy (tr.)
fərmärrən wk. I
to ruin (plans, party, occasion, enjoyment, etc.)
to go into hiding
fərmíðən str. I
fərmót
confrontation; conflict (in battle), clash
fərmőtən wk. I
to confront; to meet in battle
fərmútiən wk. II
to transmute, transubstantiate
transmutative
fərmútiəndə adj.
fərmútung
transmutation, transubstantion
fərnarwiən wk. II
to be restricted, be limited (passive)
fərnerwən wk. I
to restrict, limit
fərna̋ mən wk. I
to fatigue
fərnéding
compulsion
fərnédən wk. I
to compel, force, compel by force
fərnédənd(lik)
compelling, compulsive
fərne̋ tən str. II
to exploit (in evil senses)
fərnïmən str. IV
to usurp
fərnőðən wk. I
to flout
fərpamprən wk. I
to pamper
fərpeynən wk. I
to trouble greatly, distress
fərplantiən wk. II
to transplant
fərprïkiən wk. II
to spur violently
241
fərpuscən wk. I
to toss up and down
fərpérən wk. I
to turn (someone) against oneself, make hostile or vengeful
fərpíniən wk. II
to taunt, tease, torment
fərpündən wk. I
to distrain
fərreccən wk. I
to fail to account for
fərrennən wk. I
to weary (a horse, etc.) with riding
fərrepən adj.
exempt, unaffected
fərrinnən str. III
to elapse
fərrotiən wk. II
to rot away, decay, putrefy
fərráðən str. VII
to advise falsely
fərrédə
plotter
fərrédən str. VII
to plot
fərrëkən str. V
to go too far (with something), overstep (the bounds of good taste, propriety,
decency, etc.)
fərsaking
denial; refusal, decline (of an offer); disregard (of a command)
= fərsaking
fərsaknes
fərsakən str. VI
to deny (an accusation, an alleged fact, etc.); to decline or refuse (something
offered); renegue, resile from (a contract, agreement, statement); to disregard a command, duty, etc., refuse
compliance or obedience; to refuse to have anything to do with, or to bear, encounter, or undertake
fərscakən str. VI
to move out of the way, move aside
to make ashamed (impers.); put to shame (personal subject)
fərscamiən wk. II
fərscamung
humiliation, shamefulness
fərscapiən wk. II
to develop amiss
fərscapung
bad development
fərscending
mortification
to chagrin, mortify
fərscendən wk. I
fərsceppən wk. I
to transform
fərsceppərə
transformer
fərsceriən wk. I
not to tally, to remove from a tally
fərscrencədnes
being supplanted
to supplant, overcome, vanquish, cast down
fərscrencən wk. I
fərscrencənd
supplanter
fərscrinkən str. III
to shrink to nothing, shrink away
fərscrívən str. I
to proscribe
to discriminate
fərscådən str. VII
fərscädən adj.
#
fərscäp
bad outcome?
fərscërvən str. III
to scarify with evil intent
fərscúvən str. II
to displace, shift (tr.; refl. = intr.)
fərscüldʒiən wk. II
to encumber with debts or liabilities
fərscürtən wk. I
to abbreviate
fərscüttən wk. I
to exclude, obviate, prevent
fərscüvə
displacement, shift(ing)
fərsellən wk. I
to sell at a much lower price than something is worth; to sell (oneself) out, let
(oneself) be bought; to sell (a human being, human beings) for money, esp. when considered immoral
fərsendən wk. I
to deport
fərsenjən wk. I
to sear (flesh); to cauterize (wound)
fərsenkən wk. I
to ‘sink’ e.g. a project, a production, etc.: cancel, stop, end, cause to ‘go
under’
242
fərsetnes
fərsetniən wk. II
fərsettən wk. I
fərsewən adj.
fərsewənlik adj.
fərsewənnes
fərsewəstrə
fərsingən str. III
fərsinkən str. III
fərsittən str. V
required to sit), sit out
fərslakiən wk. II
fərsloknən wk. I
fərsluggən wk. I
fərslán str. VI
fərslåwiən wk. II
fərslåwən wk. I
fərsläħt
powerful feeling
fərslépən str. VII
fərslítən str. I
fərsmoriən wk. II
fərsmítən str. I
fərsmïðiən wk. II
fərsníðən str. I
fərsorʒiən wk. II
fərspaning
fərspanən str. VI
fərspendən wk. I
fərspennən wk. I
fərspennənd
fərspennəndə adj.
fərspennəstrə
fərspercən wk. I
fərspild
fərspildnes
fərspildən wk. I
fərspilliən wk. II
fərspillən wk. I
fərsprëkən str. V
fərspődiən wk. II
fərstaddən wk. I
fərstaliən wk. II
fərstandən str. VI
fərstelling
fərstellən wk. I
fərstelnes
fərstoppiən wk. II
fərstormən wk. I
transposition; transfer; transplant
#(OE = to beset)
to transplant, transpose, transfer
overlooked, missed; disregarded, ignored; contemned
of poor appearance; contemptible; to be overlooked or disregarded
contempt, disregard, overlooking
(is this word necessary?) female contemner
to tire with singing
to sink away
to absent oneself (from)(e.g. from court, lectures, congress -- anywhere one is
to lose or spoil by slackness
to spoil, ruin (enjoyment, a good time, a date, a party, etc.)
to neglect one’s duties or responsibilities
to smite; fərsläyən smitten
to dawdle, dilly-dally, be reluctant or unwilling, vacillate, linger
to put off (event, thing), to slow down, interfere with, overtax (person, thing)
blow or stroke with powerful or disastrous effect; also the onslaught of a
to overcome with sleep
to mangle
to asphyxiate
to smear, soil by smearing
to coin
to injure by cutting
to despond
intimation; innuendo
to intimate
to squander
to procure (women, children for prostitution); to allure, entice, attract (for sex)
procurer (for prostitution)
seductive, voluptuous; alluring, enticing; attractive, sexy
procuress (for prostitution)
to catch fire from sparks
destruction, annihilation
perdition
to destroy, annihilate
to wanton, use or spend luxuriously, extravagantly, or frivolously
to lose, make irretrievable
to speak in vain; to state amiss, speak wrongly
to speed, make successful, make prosper
to translocate
to steal away, sneak away or out, dart away or out
to stand up for, defend, represent
transposition; (vúəl-) epenthesis
to transpose
transposition; (math.) permutation
to put a stop to (something illegal, unpleasant, unwanted)
to toss about with storms
243
fərstreydən str. III
to precipitate (in meteorological sense)
fərstroydənnes
precipitation (in meteorological sense)
fərstëlən str. IV
to make away with, steal (something) away
fərstültən wk. I
to stupefy
fərstüntən wk. I
to stunt (the growth of)
fərswellən str. III
to become swollen
fərsweltən str. III
to become comatose, fall into a coma
fərswelʒən str. III
to swallow (something one should not swallow)
fərsweriən str. VI
to swear falsely, forswear (intr.)
fərswiftən wk. I
to hurtle
fərswindən str. III
to disappear, vanish (especially of things whose supply or abundance is taken
for granted, or of strength, stamina, etc.), be consumed, be used up completely
fərswinkən str. III
to become exhausted with persistent labour
fərsworkən adj.
obscure, hard to see; cloudy, shadowy, shady (and fig.); unclear; mysterious;
bewildering, perplexing
fərsworkənlik adj.
concealed by darkness; shady (fig.); under-the-table; backroom (adj.)
fərsworkənnes
obscurity; cloudiness, shadowiness, shadiness (and fig.); indistinctness, lack
of clarity; mysteriousness; perplexity
fərswåpən str. VII
to sweep away
fərswärtən wk. I
to blacken (tr.)
forsworn, perjured
fərswärən adj.
fərswärənnes
perjury
fərswa̋ tən wk. I
to spoil with sweating; to cover with sweat
fərswélən wk. I
to incinerate
fərswëlən str. IV
to rage (of fires, anger)
to become unclear, obscure, or hard to see (also fig. speak in riddles,
fərswërkən str. III
equivocate, etc.)
fərswërvən str. III
to file down, file to powder, file away
fərswëʒing
deviation
fərswëʒən wk. I
to deviate
to betray
fərswíkən str. I
fərswíðən wk. I
to intensify, amplify
fərswïʒiən wk. II
to conceal by silence, suppress, pass over (in silence)
fərswült
coma (deeply unconscious state)
to sear, dry up
fərsáriən wk. II
fərsäcgən wk. I (III)
to say ill (of someone gen.), to blaspheme, curse, swear, revile, abuse,
badmouth, insult etc.
fərsétiən wk. II
to ambush
fərse̋ n str. V
to overlook (unintentionally); to miss, not see
̋
fərseðən str. II
to boil too long, ‘overboil’
fərsíðiən wk. II
to perish on a journey
fərsőcən wk. I
to seek thoroughly, seek out
fərsőkən wk. I
to attack; to afflict
fərsúkən str. II
to suck up (so that something becomes irretrievable)
fərsúʒən str. II
to overdraw (liquid)
fərsünʒiən wk. II
to sin greatly
fərtendən wk. I
to sear?
fərtimbrən wk. I
to build obstructively
fərtoʒ
gripes
244
fərtoʒiən wk. II
(of the stomach) to get gripes
fərtoʒnes
griping, spasm
fərtoʒən adj.
drawn over to evil, perverted, corrupt
fərtreddən wk. I
to overstep
fərtrendən wk. I
to block by rolling a stone in front of
fərtrëding
treading down, crushing (with the feet)
fərtrëdən str. V
to tread down (on); to crush with the feet
fərtrúwiən wk. II
to be too trusting, be gullible, be duped
fərtrúwung
over-trusting, gullibility
fərtrúwəd adj.
duped
fərtrúwədnes
being duped
fərtrümmən wk. I
to reaffirm
fərtätrən wk. I
to tear in tatters
fərtéyən wk. I
to entangle, involve (in something evil, or with evil consequences),
complicate (by)
fərte̋ n str. II
to draw over or away (to evil), seduce
fərtı̋ n str. I
to frame for an offense, such as murder; falsely incriminate
fərtüllən wk. I
to mislead, lead on, lead astray, entice, allure
fərtüħtən wk. I
to misguide, misinstruct, mistrain (?)
fərtűnən wk. I
to shut up, imprison, impound
to become exhausted with watching
fərwakiən wk. II
fərwaldən str. VII
to get the better of
fərwalkiən wk. II
to shrivel up
fərwallən str. VII
to rage, toss, churn, seethe (of waters, sea, etc.)
fərwandiən wk. II
to be reluctant
to become exhausted with wandering
fərwandriən wk. II
fərwandung
reluctance
fərwanə
shortcoming
fərwaxən str. VI
to grow too much, become overgrown
fərweddiən wk. II
to mortgage
mortgage
fərweddung
fərweddungdet
mortgage bond
fərweddungscüld
mortgage debt
fərweddungwrit
mortgage deed
mortgageable
fərweddədlik adj.
fərwelkən wk. I
to wilt until death
fərwendən wk. I
to pervert
fərwennən wk. I
to accustom to ease, luxury, bad habits, etc.
fərwerdən wk. I
to bring to ruin, bring to naught, destroy, nullify
fərwerndlik
disavowedly?
fərwernnes
repudiation
fərwernən wk. I
to repudiate
fərwinn
that which is won by fighting or force of arms; a possession or acquisition
made in war (incl. countries)
fərwinnən str. III
to gain by fighting or force of arms
fərwirkən wk. I
to fail to take effect, fail to work (of machines, medicine, plans, schemes,
ideas, systems, organs), miscarry; to fail to put into effect, fail to make operative, fail to make successful, ruin,
botch, bungle
fərwirðən wk. I
to despise, regard as worthless
245
fərwixlən wk. I
fərwiƨniən wk. II
fərwlencən wk. I
fərword
fərwordənlik adj.
fərwordənnes
fərworpənlik adj.
fərworən adj.
fərwrappən wk. I
fərwreccən wk. I
fərwrit
fərwräknəd adj.
fərwrëkən str. V
fərwrítən str. I
fərwríðən str. I
fərwrı̋ n str. I
fərwrőyən wk. I
fərwundiən wk. II
fərwundriən wk. II
fərwunlik adj.
fərwunə
fərwäryən wk. I
fərwëlʒiən wk. II
fərwëniən wk. II
fərwënəd adj.
fərwërpnes
persons)
fərwërpən str. III
fərwërðən str. III
fərwërən str. IV
fərwëʒən str. V
fərwíʒən str. I
fərwïrniən wk. II
fərwïrnəd adj.
fərwőnnes
fərwőnən wk. I
fərwőpən str. VII
fərwőryən wk. I
fərwőstən wk. I
fərwőən wk. I
fərwünnsumiən wk. II
fərwürcən wk. I
fərwürd
fərwürp
fərwürħt
fərwürħtə
fəryeld
fəryeldən str. III
fəryelpən str. III
to exchange, switch (places), reverse (roles), transpose (poles, letters)
to wither away
to magnify, exalt, aggrandize excessively; to puff up with excessive pride
iota
perishable
loss, destruction, death (‘perishing’)
disposable (articles)
worn out
to wrap up, cover up
to rouse to wrath
transcription
lost, wandering, out to sea (all also and esp. fig.)
to hunt down (a fugitive, criminal, etc.)
to transcribe
to tangle, entangle (tr. and intr.)
to cover up (crimes, misdeeds, plots, plans, etc.)
to malign, mistreat, abuse
to aggrieve
to amaze, astonish
habitual, habit-forming, addictive
bad habit
to curse, condemn to damnation
to go limp
to spoil by indulgence
spoiled (child), insolent, impudent
disposal (e.g. of garbage), throwing away, discarding; dismissal, rejection (of
to throw away, dispose of, discard (things); to dismiss, reject (persons)
to perish, come to naught; to degenerate into, become (something inferior)
to wear out
to transport (in the mind), carry away (fig.), captivate, spellbind, etc.
to defeat in battle
to crumble, fall apart, go to pieces, become ruins
decrepit
suspicion
to suspect
to become exhausted with crying
to weary out
to wreak havoc
to bend awry, distort
to take great pleasure or delight in
to do wrong, sin, do harm; to perpetrate
ruin, end, doom
disposal, discard; dismissal, rejection
evildoing, criminal activity
evildoer, malefactor
requital
to requite
to brag or boast loudly
246
fəryevən adj.
forgiven
fəryevənlik adj.
forgivable
fəryift
a forgiving
fəryémən wk. I
to disregard, neglect
fəryëlwiən wk. II
to yellow, fade
fəryëtl adj.
forgetful
fəryëtlnes
forgetfulness
fəryëtən str. V
to forget
fəryëv
pardon
fəryëving
the forgiving or overlooking of something
fəryëvnes
forgiveness
fəryëvsum adj.
forgiving (person)
fəryëvən str. V
to forgive (someone dat. something acc.), overlook
fəråʒnətən wk. I
to expropriate
fərälding
postponement; prorogation
to postpone; prorogue
fəräldən wk. I
fərälkiən wk. II
to procrastinate beyond a deadline
fəra̋ cən wk. I
to perpetuate
fərídliən wk. II
to become useless
fərþaħtiən wk. II
to exhort
exhortation
fərþaħtung
fərþeccən wk. I
to cover up (in all its senses)
fərþencən wk. I
to think upon with pain; regret; be sorry for; hate (a thing, task, etc.)
fərþenkən wk. I
to change one’s mind
fərþicgən str. V
to receive (stolen goods)
to stick out, stand out, be noticeable (because of size)
fərþindən str. III
fərþingiən wk. II
to negotiate
fərþingung
negotiation
fərþiƨmən wk. I
to befog
fərþoliən wk. II
to put up with
to beat down
fərþrescən str. III
fərþringən str. III
to elbow out, displace
fərþråwən str. VIII
to distort
fərþra̋ stnes
stress
to stress (someone)
fərþra̋ stən wk. I
fərþrüccən wk. I
to put pressure on, put high expectations on
fərþrücnes
pressure, high expectations (placed on someone)
fərþrüƨmən wk. I
to suffocate, deprive of air; choke (fire, gas supply in an engine)
fərþe̋ viən wk. II
to pilfer
fərþíħtən wk. I
to condense; to concentrate (bring into closer union so as to reduce the
volume or compass of, and often thereby increase intensity or power; to concentrate solutions or liquids)
fərþı̋ striən wk. II
to become very gloomy
fərþüldiən wk. II
to bear out, wait (out) patiently (tr. and intr.)
fərþülmən wk. I
to encompass, envelop, overwhelm
fərþüncən wk. I
to rub the wrong way, be disagreeable
fərþürriən wk. II
to wither away
fərþürstən wk. I
to be overpowered with thirst
fərþűwən wk. I
to oppress, weigh heavily on
fərútən adv. prep.
besides; apart from, excluding
247
gabbə
mimicry, parody
gabbən wk. I
to mimic, parody
gablən wk. I
to gabble (see OED)
gabyon
gabion
gabətə
side-dish (as for bread, condiments, refuse from eating, etc.)
gadd
spike (large nail, pointed object)
gaddiən wk. II
to prod, poke or prick with a gadd
gaddən wk. I
to gad (about)
gadinkə
old bachelor
gadr adj.
joint
gadriən wk. II
to gather (tr., intr.)
gadriəndlik adj.
collective (adj.)
gadrscepə
a collective
gadrtang adj.
continuous (in space)
gadrtangnes
continuity (in space)
gadrung
gathering
gadrwist
companionship, company, conviviality, togetherness
gadə
buddy, chum, pal
gaffətung
scoffing
gaffətən wk. I
to scoff (at)
gafl
a steel lever for bending a crossbow
gaff
gafə
gagates
jet
gagl
formation of geese flying
gajət
gadget
gal
spell, incantation
gala
gala, gala affair
galaktos
galactose
galant adj.
socially polished, well-dressed, attractive in manners, courtier-like
galban
the gum galbanum
galdr
incantation; enchantment
enchanter
galdrgalərə
galdrijə
enchantress
galdrkräft
magic of incantation
galdrkräftyə
one who practises the magic of incantation
galdrkwidə
incantation, spell
galdrle̋ ð
incantational song
galdrsang
incantational singing
galdrword
incantational word
galdrə
enchanter, wizard, warlock, magician
galentínə
a kind of sauce
galey
galley of a ship (?)
Galilé
Galilee
Galiléisc adj.
Galilean
galing
(the practise of) incantation
galingal
a kind of spice
galiən wk. II
to sing (of birds); make a loud steady sound
gall (back-formation from gallədə) galled spot on skin (of horse)
galli
a Gaul
248
galliland
galliəƨ pl.
gallstån
galluk
gallwaləƨ pl.
gallådl
gallə
gallə2
gallədə adj.
galon
galosc
galp
galping
galpiən wk. II
galpən wk. I
galpəting wk. I
galpətən wk. I
grandiose
galstrən wk. I
galtə
galu
galvanisc adj.
galvanism
galvaníƨən wk. I
galyot
galʒ adj.
galʒleyk
galʒmód adj.
galʒtre̋
galʒə
galən str. VI
galəryə
galərə
gambeson
Gambisk
gamblik adj.
Gambya
gambə
gamenʒ
gaml adj.
gamlferħþ adj.
gamlfäx adj.
gamliən wk. II
gamlənyémən
gamma
gamn
work, fighting, hardship, etc.)
gamniən wk. II
gamnlik adj.
Gaul
Gauls
gallstone
gall-nut, oak-gall, oak-apple, gall; galluksúrə gallic acid
Gauls
jaundice
bile, gall
weak point in a structure or material
galled (of horses)
gallon
galosh
bombast
eruption
to speak bombastically
to erupt
empty boasting or bragging, grandiosity
to boast or brag in vain, make empty (and especially grandiose) promises, be
to behave in a noisy, boisterous, swaggering fashion
young boar
(emotional) shock
galvanic
galvanism
to galvanize
small galley
sad (story), depressing; dreary (weather)
hangman (game)
melancholy (adj. and n.)
gallows-tree
gallows
to practise incantation, sing charms or spells
gallery (piazza, portico, colonnade)
snake-charmer (type)
quilted doublet
Gambian
tributary (of the nature of tribute, owed or paid as tribute)
Gambia
tribute, tax, rent (paid to a lord, king, or superior)
gamin
elderly; ða gamlən the elderly, senior citizens
senile
grey-haired
to grow old, become elderly, become senile
geriatrics
gamma; gamma ray
fun; amusement, diversion, pastime, leisure activity, play (as opposed to
to have fun, play, be at leisure
fun (adj.), amusing, entertaining
249
gamnung
pastime, fun, play, amusement, leisure
gamnwud
wooden plaything
gamnwåðing
loitering, roving?
gandrə
gander
gang
(a) going: walk, journey, trip (on foot usu.); passage (through something, or
corridor, alley); errand, business, affair; proceeding, course; occurrence, happening; operation, functioning;
time, turn; way, route, path, alley, corridor -- a word with a very broad, general scope, with other words for each
of the more specific meanings
gangdäy
one of the three processional days before Ascension day, Rogation day
gangherə
army or horde of foot-soldiers
gangl adj.
peripatetic, itinerant
ganglik adj.
able to walk, ambulatory
gangpütt
outdoor toilet
gangsetl
toilet seat
gangstrét
pedestrian mall
gangstäv
walking-stick, cane (walking stick)
gangstól
toilet
gangteld
portable tent
gangtälhlað
laptop computer
gangtún
privy (latrine?)
gangwey
walkway
Rogation week, the week of Holy Thursday
gangwïkə
gangən str. VII
to walk; move, go; pass, continue, proceed
gangəndə adj.
walking, going on foot; moving; proceeding, continuing
gangərn
privy, outhouse
#(OE = spider)
gangəwivrə
ganət
gannet (= solan goose)
gap
gap; interstice
gapiən wk. II
to miss (a spot, a duty, an appointment), fail to notice, fail to remember
gapən wk. I
to gape
gar adj.
ready (and willing)(to do something); garə gladly
garanté
warranty (assurance or proof of good condition, and a promise to pay for
repairs if found not to be in good condition at sale)
garbajə
discarded parts of edible matter, e.g. the rind of fruits and vegetables, the
stalks and leaves of cereals [which sense is nearest the source, s.v. French gerbeie as “Botte de fanes, de tiges de
céréales, etc., servant de fourrage”], the skin, bone, and sometimes fat of meat, etc; refuse, leavings
garblən wk. I
to suppress or distort parts of (a story, etc.) in telling, so as to mislead or
misrepresent; to doctor, make suitable or improve by altering in a certain way, to tamper with or change in order
to deceive
garbuyl
hubbub
gard
guard (watching, protecting)
gardeyn
guard (person)
gardin
(vegetable-, fruit-, flower-, or ornamental, and now esp. ornamental) garden;
Gardin ov Eden Garden of Eden
gardingrówing, gardinbətïlung horticulture
gardingrówərə, gardinbətïlərə horticulturist
gardinmann
gardener (male or female)
gardnappə
placemat
gardscepə
guarding, guard
250
gardən wk. I
to guard
gardəvíanz
lunchbox
garguyl
gargoyle
garret
garitə
garn
catgut
garnison
garrison
garnəment
piece of furniture
garrən wk. I
to whirr (of machines, etc.)
garsə
gash
garsən
to gash
gartyərə
garter (of the type of a fastener suspended from a band or girdle; cf.
scankbend, hoƨbend, which represent a garter that is a band around the leg)
garwə
yarrow
garð
yard
gas
gasoline, gas (fuel)
gaskət
gasket
gat
opening, aperture
gatlopp
gauntlet (military or naval punishment)
gattóðədə
having interstices between the teeth
gatə
driveway; lane off a street leading between buildings to the entrance of a
house or building
to be scurrilous
gaviən wk. II
gavl
Historically tribute (payment to lord or king); any tax or rent paid to a
superior, ruler, or government; (in modern use) rent (regular periodic payment for use of property or tenancy)
gavlberə
‘tribute-barley’, barley paid as rent
gavlerð
ploughing and/or tilling done by a yəbúr as part of his rent (historically
tribute)
gavlfisc
‘tribute-fish’, fish paid as rent
gavlfrí adj.
requiring no tribute, tax-free; (in modern use) rent-free
gavlhwítl
#(OE = tribute-blanket, a legal tender instead of coin for the rent of a hide of
land)
gavlhërd
taxable herd (?)
gavliən wk. II
to rent (something acc. from someone gen.), pay rent (to dat.); distinguished
from la̋ nən which is to rent something (acc.) to someone (dat.), and from leyʒən which can have a person as
object, and when having a thing as object implies only a one-time payment, not periodic payments; not a direct
descendant of OE gafelian which was used like modern la̋ nən or meant ‘to seize as tribute’
gavlland
leased land, land let for rent or services (tribute of some kind); (in modern
use) rented land, leased land
gavllik adj.
(hist.) tributary; (in modern use) rental
gavlmanung
(hist.) admonition to pay tribute; place where such are administered
gavlmédu
meadow which was (or is) mown as part of the rent (tribute)
gavlpenning
tribute-penny (hist.)
gavlrédən
condition of having to pay tribute; (in modern use) condition of having to pay
rent or being rented (of land or dwellings)
gavlswån
farmhand who pays rent or tribute to his landowner
gavltűning
fencing-material (wood, steel) given as part of the rent (tribute)
gavluk
crowbar
gavlwud
firewood supplied as part of the rent (tribute)
gavlyeld
Historically tributary payment; (in modern use) rent payment
251
gavlyeldə
Historically tribute-payer, tributary, tenant; (in modern use) renter (who pays
rent)
gavlyərővə
tribute-gatherer, tax-gatherer; (in modern use) rent-collector
gavsprék
scurrility
gawd
showy ornament; showiness, ostentation, gaudiness
gawdi adj.
gaudy
gawiən wk. II
to take a look at, have a look at, consider
gawjə
gauge
gawm
black powder, such as is used in printers
gawnt adj.
gaunt
gawntlət
gauntlet (glove in medieval armour)
gawrisc adj.
garish
gay adj.
gay (in non-sexual senses)
Gayal
Gael
Gayalisc adj.
Gaelic
Gayana
Guyana
Gayanisc
Guyanese
gayn
winnings
gaynən wk. I
to win (tr.)
gayté
gaiety
gale, bog-myrtle
gaʒl
gaʒlkroppən
clusters of gale (plant)
gaʒn
avail; practicality, practical use
gaʒnlik
practical
gaʒnláƨ
impractical
pragmatism
gaʒnscepə
gaʒnən wk. I
to be suitable, fit (an occasion), be advantageous; to be practical (for)
gaƨel
gazelle
gaƨən wk. I
to gawk
geddə
hake
Gehenna
Gehenna
gekko
gecko
geld adj.
of female animals (and pejoratively of women): barren, sterile, infertile, not
producing young; of male animals (and pejoratively of men): sexually impotent
gelding
gelding; (pejoratively) eunuch
geldən wk. I
to geld, castrate, neuter (esp. male animals; of men only in a deprecative
sense); (of female animals) to sterilize
gellət
wok-like pot
geng
gang, band (with good connotation; with bad connotation see hlóð), group of
friends, colleagues, etc.
genjnes
prevalence
genjə adj.
prevalent
genjən wk. I
to be prevalent, prevail
Germánisc adj.
Germanic, Teutonic
Germánya
the land of the Germanic tribes, Germania
germányum
germanium
gerund
gerund
gerzl
material used for a fence, fencing (wire, steel mesh, brushwood, etc., but
today usually indicates a type of steel mesh)
252
gerðən wk. I
to delimit, to bound
gessən wk. I
to guess, make a guess
gest
guest
gesthov
hotel
gesthúƨ
guesthouse
gestiən wk. II
to lodge, be a guest
gestlik adj.
for guests, of guests
gestliviənd
commensal
gestliviəndə adj.
commensal
gestlíðiən wk. II
to be hospitable, show hospitality
gestlíðnes
hospitality
gestlíðə adj.
hospitable
gestmäyn
#(OE = band of guests)
guest-hall
gestselə
gestung
lodging
get
what is gotten, received, or obtained
getto
ghetto
getən str. IV (pret. gat, gátən, ppl. gotən) to get (be given, receive, have (a baby), catch, contract, obtain,
fetch)
gevscätt
gift-money
gevən str. IV (pret. gav, gávən, ppl. govən) to give
gevənd
giver
gevənd
giver, donor
gevəndbend
coordinate bond, dative bond
gevəndə adj.
giving, generous
an isolated patch of tender grass (e.g. amid heath, forest, meadow, rocky
geyrə
ground)
geyspən wk. I
to gasp
geʒn adj.
direct, short(est), straight, near (of ways, roads, indicating a way that is
immediately before one); ready, well-disposed, kindly; available, handy, convenient; geʒnə adv. straight, right
(on, through, to, away, etc.); directly
ideal, perfect (for some use, etc.), well-suited
geʒnlik adj.
geʒnstrám
direct current (electr.)
geʒnwerd adj.
opposite, facing
to be good for; to be suited (for, to), be right for
geʒnən wk. I
gibbon
gibbon
gift
gift
giggə
whirligig
giglən wk. I
to giggle
gil
narrow mountain ravine, often from which a waterfall emerges (‘hanging
valley’)
gild adj.
fullblown; (of cattle) full-grown, of full value
gild
guild
gilddaʒəƨ pl.
guild-days, festival-days (honouring a particular guild)
gildhall
guild-hall
gildlik adj.
of a guild, pertaining to a guild
gildrédən
membership in a guild
gildrə
pitfall (esp. fig.), trap, danger
gildrən wk. I
to catch unawares, trap (esp. fig., e.g. in a fraud)
253
gildscepə
gildə
gili
gillən wk. I
gimblət
gimp
gimpə
ginnən str. III
Ginéa
girdən wk. I
girnən wk. I
gisningskól
gisnən wk. I
gisnənd
gitar
gittərn
giƨən adj.
gladiən wk. II
gladung
glam
gland
glandrə
glansən wk. I
glappə
glatriən wk. II
glatrung
glavrən wk. I
glaynən wk. I
glayrə
glayvə
glazən wk. I
glaƨiən wk. II
glaƨə
gleddiən wk. II
glemm
glemə
glencən wk. I
glendriən wk. II
glendrən wk. I
gleng
glengful adj.
glenglik adj.
glenjnes
glenjən wk. I
glentən wk. I
glenə
glet
gleym
gleymi adj.
status of a guild or guild-member
member of a guild
a sportsman’s attendant or guide
to disembowel (fish)
gimlet (tool)
gimp1 (see OED)
gimp2 (see OED)
to try (to), endeavour (to)
Guinea
to rebuff (see gird v.2 in OED)
to have the hots for (see green2, v., in OED)
boarding school
to lodge, board
lodger, boarder
guitar
gittern
leaky, open at the joints (of a barrel, cask, etc.)
to gleam
gleaming, gleam
noise, ruckus, racket
gland
glanders (disease, esp. of horses)
to glance off, be reflected
buckbean (= bogbean)
to shine = reflect light brightly
shining = bright light reflection
to talk plausibly and deceitfully, to say what one wants to hear
to scavenge, rummage
egg-white
halbert
to strike obliquely, glance (off)
to glaze
glaze
to speckle
leucoderma or vitiligo (with indef. article, = a patch of leucoderma or vitiligo)
resplendence?
to glance (at)
to precipitate (dregs, etc., as in chemistry)
to devour
medal, medallion
decorated with medals
medallic
trimming(s), trim
to trim (= decorate, finish)
(of surfaces) to shine, glisten
a warm blaze of sunlight
smegma
goo, goop
gooey
254
gleymən wk. I
to cover with goo or goop
glibr adj.
glib
glidriən wk. II
to slip, shift, be unstable
glimm
a light of any kind, a candle, lantern, torch, flashlight
glimmən str. III
to emit light, shine, glow, gleam, burn
glimr
glimmer
glimriən wk. II
to glimmer
glimsən wk. I
to glimpse
glind
railing
glintən wk. I
to glint
glisniən wk. II
to glisten
glitniən wk. II (OE) or glitriən wk. II (ON) to glitter
glitnung
coruscation
glob
a mass, growth, tumour, wart, etc.
glokkən wk. I
to shake violently
glompi adj.
glum, sulky
to drop the jaw in wonder or amazement
glopnən wk. I
gloryə
doxology
glottən wk. I
to cast amorous or admiring glances upon
glowtən wk. I
to pry
to sweet-talk
gloðrən wk. I
gloƨ
gloss (superficial lustre)
gloƨi
glossy
gloƨiən wk. II
to gaze with pleasure or admiringly
gluggən wk. I
to peer
glukol
glycol
glukos
glucose
glut
glut
gluton
glutton
glutən wk. I
to glut
glade, natural open area in a wood or forest
gládə
glám
party, celebration; revelry; festivities
glárən wk. I
to glare (emit constant light, be too bright)
gláw adj.
perceptive, observant, discerning, discriminating, perspicacious, sharp of
mind or senses; sagacious; prudent, careful (in action); precise (in words, action)
gláwferħþ
deeply perceptive, deeply discerning, deeply discriminating
gláwhüydi adj.
(carefully) thoughtful
gláwlik adj.
refined, sophisticated
gláwmód adj.
careful (in dealings, interactions), diligent
gláwnes
discernment, discrimination, perspicacity (i.e. keen perception and judgment);
sagacity; prudence, care(fulness) (in action); precision (in words, action)
gláwscepə
technicality, quibble
glåƨə
note, footnote; (written) comment, explanation
glåƨən wk. I
to note, append a note or footnote
gläd adj.
shiny, gleaming, polished
glädlik adj.
beaming (with happiness, etc.)
glädmód adj.
very happy, glad, joyous, joyful, gladsome
glädmódnes
joy, gladness, happiness, joyful mood
glädnes
shininess, polish, gleam
255
glädnə
gladiolus
glädscepə
hilarity
glär
rosin
of rosin
glärən adj.
gläƨ
glass (material)
gläƨbrot
shard of glass
gläƨfull
glassful
gläƨfät
glass vessel, glass
gläƨhlútr adj.
transparent (like glass)
gläƨinfaƨlung
in vitro fertilization
gläƨmakiən wk. II
to vitrify
gläƨswåt
glass-gall, sandiver
gläƨyəgot
poured or molten glass
gläƨáʒə
monocle; gläƨáʒən glasses, eyeglasses, spectacles
gläƨən adj.
of glass, glassy, vitreous; gläƨən áʒə glass eye
glassy-eyed
gläƨənéyə adj.
gla̋ m
bright light
glébə
glebe
gléyən wk. I
to squint
glídleyk
curling; glídleykstån curling stone
glídreyl
runner (on a sled)
vernier
glídsteʒə
glídən str. I
to slide (horizontally), glide (as of skates, sleighs, etc.), coast (on a bicycle)
glïdr adj.
smooth, slippery, frictionless (used especially of surfaces that allow
conveyances or transportation, as opposed to sméðə which is mostly used of objects, fabrics, skin, creams, etc.)
peregrine falcon
glïdə
glïƨiən wk. II
to excel, be very successful, be very popular, show talent, be a ‘star’ (actor),
be renowned (artist, musician, composer, etc.)
glı̋ w
entertainment (show, performance, amusing or interesting thing)
glı̋ wdrám
musical entertainment
̋
entertaining pastime
glıwgamn
glı̋ whle̋ ðr
show, performance (a hle̋ ðr can also be a speech, an auction, etc.)
glı̋ wisc adj.
entertaining
glı̋ wiən wk. II
to entertain (with performance, show, or because amusing or interesting)
skill at entertaining (with performance, or because amusing or interesting)
glı̋ wkräft
glı̋ wkünn
kind of entertainment
glı̋ wlik adj.
theatrical, of entertainment or performance
glı̋ wlistə
(theatre, orchestral) program
glı̋ wmann
minstrel
glı̋ wmäydən
#(OE = female musician)
glı̋ wstäv
#(OE = melody, joy)
̋
glıwstól
#(OE = seat of joy)
glı̋ wtávr
cartoon
glı̋ wung
entertaining quality (also glı̋ wscepə)
glı̋ wword
song, poem (especially as performed)
glı̋ wwërəd
troupe
glı̋ wyërn adj.
fond of entertainment
glı̋ wərə
entertainer
glób
globe
256
glóblik, glóbisc adj.
glóm
glómiən wk. II
glómung
glórən wk. I
glóv
glóvklëvə
glóvung
glóvwürt
glóvədə adj.
glówən str. VII
glówəndə adj.
glögg adj.
glőd
glődbrédən wk. I
glődeyƨə
glődfät
glődscovl
glődstedə
glődə
glődən wk. I
glős
glősing
glőslistə
glősən wk. I
glúm
glúmi adj.
glúmiən wk. II
glútamát
glútamín
glúten
glútenunþolə
glútən wk. I (str. II?)
glüdrung
glüf
glüffən wk. I
glüftən wk. I
glüzerin
gnaccən wk. I
gnak
gnappən wk. I
gnariən wk. I
gnarrən wk. I
gnarə
gnastən wk. I
chalk on a blackboard
gnaʒde̋ r
gnaʒən str. VI
gneystən wk. I
globular, globose
evening twilight, dusk (and this time of day)
to draw near dusk
gloaming
to glare at someone
glove
glove compartment
supplying with gloves
glovewort, dog’s tongue, lily of the valley (?)
gloved
to glow
glowing
keensighted, clear-sighted; accurate (aim)
(a) glow, glowing, glowing light
to charbroil
fiery terror, glowing terror (poetic)
chafing-dish
fire-shovel, shovel for the coals
site for glowing coals
glowing coal, live coal
to phosphoresce
gloss (of a word)
glossing, explanation
glossary
to gloss
moroseness, sullenness
morose, sullen
to look morose or sullen
glutamate
glutamine
gluten
coeliac disease/celiac disease
to gloat
hallucination, phantasm (?)
glyph
to dazzle, look bright, impress (esp. of clothes, art, painting)
to check out (look inspectingly at)
glycerine, glycerol
to gnash
knack
to bite in a snapping fashion
to bag (animals as game)
to growl
booby-trap
to make a strident noise, as when metal grinds against metal, or the sound of
rodent
to gnaw
to bang, crack, pop
257
gnidl
rubber, thing for rubbing, eraser
gnit
ladybug
gnorn adj.
malcontent, disaffected
gnorncäri adj.
chary because of malcontent or disaffection
gnornhov
prison (of the mind)
gnorniən wk. II
to be malcontent or disaffected; to express malcontent or disaffection
gnornscündəndə adj.
inciting malcontent or disaffection (?)
gnornsorʒ
depression or sorrow because of malcontent or disaffection
gnornung
expression of malcontent or disaffection
gnornword
lamentation
gnov
churl
gnuddiən wk. II
to massage
gnuddung
massage
masseur
gnuddərə
gnuddəstrə
masseuse
gnáð adj.
niggardly, frugal, parsimonious
gnáðnes
niggardliness, frugality, parsimony
gnåst
igniting-spark, ignition
gnät
gnat
gnéðə adj.
skimpy, scanty, little, small (in amount given, opposite of liberal or generous
(helping, serving, etc.))
gníding
rubbing, friction
gnídən str. I
to rub
gnóm
gnome
gnürn
malcontent, disaffection
gnürnwrak
retaliation out of malcontent or disaffection
gnürrən wk. I
to make a high-pitched sound, squeak
gobbə
gob (of a slimy substance, of meat)
gobbət
large lump or mouthful of food, esp. formed into a ball or pellet, for feeding
poultry and sometimes other livestock
goblin
goblin
to gobble up
goblən wk. I
goblət
goblet
god
god; God
godbarn
godchild
godborʒ
solemn pledge (to God)
godbót
penitence before god
goddoħtr
goddaughter
goddrám
divine music
godforħt adj.
godfearing
godfrődə
theosophy
godfädər
godfather
godfódə
ambrosia (food of gods)
godhåd
godhood, divinity
goding
Son of God
godkund adj.
of or from God; heaven-sent
godkundlik adj.
sacred, religious, godly, spiritual, holy, divine
godkundmaħt
divine power
godkundnes
divine origin or nature
258
godkundspőd
godkunnərə
godkünd
godlicwërðiən wk. II
godlik adj.
godláƨ
godmaħt
godmäyn
godmódr
godnes
godróv
godscüld
godscüldi adj.
godsibb
godsibbrédən
godspréc
godstı̋ r
godsun
godséd
godwebb
godwebbkünn
godwebbwürħtə
godwebbyärlə
godwebbən adj.
godwrék
godwréklik adj.
godwürcən wk. I
godyeld
godyeldlik adj.
godyimm
godyəliƨə
godyəlávə
godþrümm
godət
goffiən wk. II
goglən wk. I
gold
goldblı̋ adj.
goldblómə
goldburʒ
goldbërħt adj.
goldfald adj.
goldfell
goldfillən adj.
goldfinc
goldfingr
goldfrätwə
goldfåʒ adj.
goldfät
success or prosperity bestowed by God
theologian
divine nature
to esteem as divine, worship or adore as a god, deify
godlike, divine
godless
divine power
divine might
godmother
deity
pantheon
impiety
impious
(child’s) sponsor, godparent
sponsorial obligations
oracle (speech of the gods)
(God’s) providence
godson
(God’s seed) divine progeny?
fine cloth
kind of fine cloth
weaver of fine cloth
accessory made of fine cloth
of fine cloth
sacrilege
sacrilegious
to make a god, deify
service to God, worship; heathen worship
of worship, of heathen worship
heavenly jewel?
theology
theism
divine force of people
winecup
to be vain
to goggle (tr. the eyes, intr. with the eyes)
gold
golden-hued
ingot of gold
city of gold?
bright with gold
layered with gold
gold plate or plating, gold leaf, gold foil (?)
of gilded leather
goldfinch
ringfinger
golden finery
variegated or speckled with gold
golden vessel
259
goldfétəd adj.
goldgevənd
goldhamə
goldhiltədə adj.
goldhlädən adj.
goldhord
goldhordhúƨ
goldhordiən wk. II
goldhrodən adj.
goldhwät adj.
goldláv
goldlävr
goldmåðm
goldmäsling
goldselə
goldsmið
goldsmiðkräft
goldspődi adj.
goldtorħt adj.
goldward
goldwecg
goldwevən adj.
goldwinə
goldwlank adj.
goldwlenkə
goldwërk
goldwürt
goldyarwə
goldyəwërk
golda̋ ħt
goldórə
goldþréd
goldþe̋ v
goldə
golf
golffeld
golv
golvən wk. I
gommi
gommihamr
gomorringəƨ pl.
gonorrőa
gonələ
gor
gori adj.
gorilla
goriən wk. II
gorjə
plated with gold
gold-giver, prince, lord
gold-adorned coat of mail
golden-hilted
laden with gold, loaded (cart, wagon, ship, etc.) with gold
hoard of gold
building (‘house’) where a hoard of gold is kept
to hoard gold
ornamented with gold
greedy for gold
gold leaf
thin plate or sheet of gold, gold lamina
present of gold
= mäsling (brass)
hall in which gold is distributed
goldsmith
goldsmith’s art
(of a mine, etc.) rich in gold
resplendent in gold
keeper of gold (and = dragon hoarding gold)
wedge of gold
woven with gold
someone who is generous with gold
richly adorned with gold
rich adornment in gold
work of gold
dandelion?
trinkets of gold
work in gold
wealth in gold
gold ore
gold thread
stealer of gold
marigold
golf
golf course, golf links
platform
to raise on a platform
rubber (substance)
rubber hammer, plexor
inhabitants of Gomorrha
gonorrhea
long gown worn over armour
filth
filthy
gorilla
to look about, be on the lookout
gorge (of a river)
260
gorjət
insect, etc.
gorst
gorsttre̋
gorətən wk. I
gotisc adj.
gotə
gowk
gowlən wk. I
threatening to fight
gowm
gowmful
gowmlik
gowmláƨ
gowpn
that this holds
gowri adj.
gozpel
gozpelbodung
gozpeliən wk. II
gozpellik adj.
gozpeltraħtəð
gozpelərə
goðlən wk. I
grabbən wk. I
grablən wk. I
graf
grafik
grafít
gram adj.
grambérə adj.
gramhërt adj.
gramhücgəndə adj.
gramhüydi adj.
gramiən wk. II
gramlik adj.
grammatika
grammatikkräft
grammatikərə
grammatisc adj.
grammód adj.
grammə
gramwordəƨ pl.
gramə
gran
grand adj.
grandr
granjə
grankən wk. I
a piece of armour for the throat; a patch of colour on the throat of a bird ,
gorse, juniper
juniper tree
to stare about, as in wonder
of the Goths, Gothic
Goth
geek
(of dogs, cats, etc.) to make a forbidding or threatening sound, as when
tact
tactful
sensitive, delicate (topic, situation, problem)
tactless, gauche
the two hands cupped and placed together so as to form a cavity; the amount
stupid-looking
gospel (in religious senses)
gospel-preaching, new dispensation
to preach the gospel, evangelize
evangelical
gospel commentary, homily
gospeller, evangelist
to grumble, rumble (of the stomach, bowels)
to grab
to scramble (for something), scuffle, struggle (to get something)
stylus
graph
graphite
angry
passionate
hostile-minded
bent on out of anger
malignant, hostile, unfriendly
to anger, madden; to become angry
anger-provoking, infuriating
grammar
art of grammar, skill in grammar
grammarian
grammatical
ill-tempered
gram (measure of mass)
angry words, diatribe
anger
mustache
paramount, preeminent, supreme
guile
grange
to be cranky, grumble, be reluctant (and express it vocally)
261
grant
grant (of something requested)
grantən wk. I
to grant (what is requested, e.g. permission, wish, credit, loan, asylum); to
agree to fulfill (a demand, assignment, etc.)
granwisc
whisker
granít
granite
grappil
grapple (n.)
grappiən wk. II
to grapple
grapsən wk. I
(of muscles, bowel) to cramp
graspeys
killer whale, orca
gratenʒ
au gratin
gravmerkə
glyph, hieroglyph
gravsäx
graving tool
gravəl
(glacial) till
gravəlbakkə
kame
gravəlháp
moraine
to engrave; make a groove, line, trench, or channel by digging
gravən (pret. gróv) str. VI
gravərə
engraver
grayl
grille
graylwërk
reticle, reticule
grayn
grain of wood, leather, stone, paper, etc.
graysə
creme (cosmetic or emulsion)
graysən wk .I
to cover with a creme
graðl
gradual, antiphon (song)
graƨiən wk. II
to graze
gredil
griddle (flat hot surface for frying etc.)
to aggravate, make worse
grejən wk. I
gremming
provocation
gremmən wk. I
to enrage, provoke
gremə
(feeling of) irritation (ON gremi, see OED ‘greme’)
Grenada
Grenada
grenat
garnet
grenn
grin
grenniən wk. II
to grin
grennung
grinning
greyn
fork between two boughs; fork (branch) of a stream; arm of the sea; valley
branching out of another
greyning
ramification, branching (out)
greynən wk. I
to ramify, branch out
greyp
pitchfork
greyvə
inspector
greyð adj.
groomed, decent, dressed
greyðlik adj.
decent (= suitably dressed)
greyðsäl
boudoir
greyðə
grooming accessory (comb, toothpaste, makeup, hairspray, shaving cream,
razor, etc.)
greyðən wk. I
to groom
greðə
old friend, crony; close friend to whom favoritism (cronyism) is shown
greƨilən wk. I
to stand on end (of hair)
grifon
griffin
262
grill adj.
glaring; shrill, loud; aggressive
grillə
gridiron, grill, barbecue
grillən
to grill, barbecue
grimm adj.
fierce; dire, severe, bitter, painful
grimmlik adj.
fierce-looking, grim (in aspect, appearance)
grimmnes
ferocity; direness, severity
grimmån
terrible wrongdoing
grimmən str. III
to rage
grimnə
a kind of locust without wings (OE = ‘brūchus’)
grimƨiən wk. II
to snap at, speak or act harshly with
grimƨung
harsh behaviour or words
grin
gin (snare, net, or trap for catching animals or fish)
grind
grille
grindl
portcullis
grindlə
a fish similar to the herring
tooth of a grinding, sharpening, filing, or sanding tool or machine
grindtóð (pl. -tőð)
grində
sandpaper
grindən str. III
to grind
grindənd
grinder
griniən wk. II
to ensnare, trap
a grasp, clutch, grip, hold
gripə
gripənnes
#(OE = seizing, snare, captivity)
grið
truce
griðbrücə
breach of a truce
griðiən wk. II
to make a truce
law of temporary or local peace
griðlaʒ
griðláƨ adj.
unresolved (conflict)
griƨəl adj.
streaked with grey, grizzled
griƨəlbërə
grizzly bear
gromil
gromwell (greymillet)
firkin
gropə
grorn, grornhov, grorniən wk. II, grorntorn, grornung see gnorn, etc. which in OE was synonymous with
grorn, etc.; unknown which is the earlier or more authentic, although grorn etc. may be related to OE gryre
‘horror’ and so mean originally something a little different from ‘sad’ (‘horrified’? cf. begroren ‘overwhelmed’)
grost
cartilage
grot
particle
grotesk adj.
grotesque
groti adj.
particulate
grotən pl.
groats
growt
coarse porridge, thick soup
groynə
a wall or timber-framework run out into the sea to prevent its encroachment,
breakwater
groynən wk. I
of a buck: to utter its peculiar cry at rutting-time
grubbə
grub
grubbən wk. I
to burrow, dig with the paws, nose, or mouth
grucci adj.
grouchy, grumpy
gruccən wk. I
to grudge, grumble, be a grouch
grumlən wk. I
to grumble
263
grund
ground (as surface of the earth), also fig. (foundation, base, reason); bottom
(of the sea or other body of water), esp. as referring to it as a surface upon which things rest or can have friction
(as the deepest part, botm may be preferable)
grundbedd
plot of ground
grundbúənd
soil-cultivator?
grunddı̋ pə
deepest bottom of the sea
grundfúƨ adj.
hastening to the ground, headlong
grundhirdə
#(OE = keeper of the abyss)
grundiən wk. II
to ground; to found (on some basis)
grundl
groundling (fish)
grundlingə (grundlungə?) adv. fundamentally? from the foundation, completely (e.g. unstable)? to the
ground, completely (e.g. destroyed)?
grundláƨ adj.
bottomless, unfathomable
grundláƨlik adj.
#(OE = boundless, vast)
grundscepə
terrain
grundscätt
acreage
hall at the bottom of something
grundselə
grundskól
elementary school, primary school
grundsopə
#(OE = cartilage)
grundstaðliən wk. II
to establish firmly
grundstån
foundation-stone
grundwall
foundation (in non-fig. sense)
grundwalliən wk. II
to lay a foundation
grundwang
unvegetated field
grundwey
surface way
grundwäryən
#(OE = water-wolf (=??))
grundwëlə
riches of the earth, soil, or ground
grundyəliƨə
topography (science)
grundəswelʒə
groundsel
grunkiən wk. II
to be ambitious (?)
to grunt
grunniən wk. II
grunnung
grunting
grunnətən wk. I
to grunt repeatedly
grup
group
grutt
canyon (rocky valley)
grá
fiend; man of questionable morality
grád
grade
grádə
lap (on which someone sits)
grádən wk. I
to grade
grál
Grail, holy grail
grálax
grilse
grápə
cluster, bunch (of grapes or other fruits, berries, vegetables, on the vine or
attached to branches, shoots, etc.)
grát adj.
big, fat, thick, massive, broad, having great girth, voluminous (opp. of smäl)
grátiən wk. II
to grow massive (or thick, fat, big, broad, etc.)
grátjet(floʒə)
jumbo jet
grátþarm
large intestine, colon
grátə
grate, grating
grátən wk. I
to grate
264
grátəwürt
gráv adj.
grázful
grázə
gråd
grån
gråniən wk. II
grånung
gråp
gråpballwïħt
gråpiən wk. II
gråpung
gråpədlik adj.
grås adj.
gråt
gråtful
gråtən (pret. grét) str. VII
gråtənlik adj.
gråv
gråvə
gräft
gräftyəwërk
grällə
grällən
gräv
grävhúƨ
grävəlƨ
grävət
gräƨ
gräƨbedd
gräƨcíð
gräƨerð
gräƨevnət, gräƨfeld
gräƨgrőnə adj.
gräƨhoppə
gräƨmoldə
gräƨstapə
gräƨswín
gräƨtún
gräƨtúndík
gräƨwang
gräƨwürt
gra̋ pə
gra̋ və
gré
gréd
grédi adj.
grédines
grédən wk. I
meadow saffron
grave (adj.)
graceful
gracefulness, grace
level (n., in all senses except that referring to the instrument)
a groan
to groan
groaning
clutch, embrace, grasp, grip, clasp; comprehension, understanding
staphylococcus
to grope, feel, handle, touch
groping, feeling, handling, touching
tangible
gross (weight, income, pay)
weeping, cry(ing)
tearful, sad, sorrowful
to weep
lamentable, deplorable, to be wept over
planted grove
wooded depression (surrounded by open land)
sculpture, carved object, graven image
(art of) sculpture
(feeling of) affront, offense
to offend, affront, be impudent or insolent to
trench
grave
quarry
flowerbed? (OE = trench = gräv)
grass
grass-bed, grave
grass spikelet
the November ploughing of grass-covered land
prairie, savannah, steppe, flat grassland
grass-green
grasshopper
greensward
= stapə
pasturage-swine
grassy enclosure, enclosed meadow
meadow-dike (?)
grassy field, meadow
the plant grass
pliers
natural grove
step or stage in a process or method
herbage
greedy (mostly for food), gluttonous
greediness, greed (esp. for food)
to sing whimsically or nonsensically
265
grék, pl. grékəƨ
a Greek, Greek person
grékisc adj.
Greek (adj.)
grétə
mass, size, bulk, corpulence, thickness, breadth, volume
grétən wk. I
to enlarge
grév adj.
grim
grév
depression, melancholy
grévisc adj.
depressed, melancholy
grévən wk. I
to depress (emotionally)
gréy adj.
grey
gréygóƨ
grey (wild) goose
gréyhamə
grey coat, longcoat
gréyha̋ w adj.
bluish-greenish grey
gréyling
grayling (fish)
gréymél adj.
#(OE = grey-coloured)
grëmiən wk. II
to irritate, irk
grëmlik adj.
irritating, vexing, irksome
grëmung
(act of ) irritation
grëmədlik adj.
irritable
grëmədliknes
irritability
gre̋ t
gravel
gravel road
gre̋ tråd
̋
gretən str. II
(intr.) to be moved to tears; (tr.) to bring to tears; to be deplorable,
lamentable, tragic, etc. (ðet gre̋ təð mek that brings me to tears, I find that tragic or highly regrettable)
gre̋ və
‘girdle’ = flat round piece of iron upon which cakes are baked or toasted;
bakesheet
grím
grime, buildup
grímbal
masquerade
grímhelm
helmet with visor
gríming
apparition
grímə
mask
grín
front of the abdomen (between the lower ribs and the pubes)
gríp
hippogriff, hippogryph
grípən str. I
to grasp (and fig.)(OE had different meaning: 1) to assail, attack; 2) to seize,
snatch, take, apprehend; but the primacy of the meaning “grasp” is suggested by its derivatives, meaning “grip,
grasp, handful” etc.)
grípənd
one who grasps
grísful
awful
gríslung
#(OE = gnashing)
gríst
(process of) grinding
grístbitiən wk. II
to gnash the teeth
grístbitung
gnashing of the teeth
grístbitə
baring of gnashed teeth (such an expression)
grístrə
meal-grinder (person)
grístən wk. I
to grind out, turn out (as if by grinding), churn out
gríƨ adj.
past one’s prime, old, veteran
gríƨ
young boar, male immature pig
gríƨlik adj.
grisly
gríƨə
horror, shock
grïn adj.
#(OE grinu = ‘avidius’, said of some colour)
266
grïpl adj.
rapacious
grïppən wk. I
to clutch
grïpə
handful
grı̋ ƨn
loose rocks
gróm
valet, personal attendant (male, the masculine of þiynən)
gróp
moat
gróvə
shaft of a mine; (large) pit, opening in the earth’s surface
grówhúƨ
greenhouse, hothouse
grówing
cultivation (of plants, crops)
grównes
that which is cultivated, plants, crops, greenery
grówən str. VII
to cultivate, grow (tr., plants or crops)
grówərə
cultivator (of plants, crops)
gröwt
grout (thin mortar)
gröy
abused woman
gröyhund
greyhound
greenish grey
grőnha̋ wən adj.
grőniən wk. II
to be green, flourish
Grőnland
Greenland
grőnlandisc
Greenlandic
grőnlik adj.
greenish
greenness, verdure; grőnnesəƨ pl. green things, plants
grőnnes
grőnə adj.
green
grőnə
green colour
grőp
sewer
grőting
greeting, salutation
audience chamber
grőtinghúƨ
grőtingword
word of greeting
grőtən wk. I
to greet, accost, salute (esp. more formally or fully than heylən)
grővə
overseer or manager of a farm or estate, estate manager
grőwð
vegetation
to growl
grúlən wk. I
grús
grouse
grúsum adj.
gruesome, horrific
grút
coarse meal
grúvling adj.
submissive; reverent
grúvə
submission; reverence; obedience
grúvən wk. I
to be submissive or reverent, bend over submissively or reverentially
grúƨiən wk. II
to browse, browse through (the paper, a book, the internet, etc.)
grúən wk. I
to be horrified
grüməting
aggressive or threatening display; bravado, machismo
grümətən wk. I
to make an aggressive or threatening display (as when a cat etc. makes
himself look larger when confronting an opponent); also of humans (and often implying mere show or putting
on a brave face before an opponent)
gründ
foot of a mountain; valley bottom, valley floor
to base, ground (on)
gründən wk. I
grüppə
gutter in a cowbarn (see grip, gripple in OED)
grürbróʒə
horrified panic
grürfåʒ adj. used as sb.
spotted horror
grürfäst adj.
fixed in horror
267
grürhwíl
grürlik adj.
grürle̋ ð
grürmaħt
grürrən wk. I
grürsíð
grüryest
grüryätwə
grürə
grüslə
grütt
grüttə
grüttəƨ
grűt
grűəl
gujon
gul
gulcən wk. I
gulf
guli
gull
gullisc adj.
gulsoħt
gulyon
gulé
gulə
gulət
gumdrám
gumdrüħn
gumfrá
gumfőðə
gumkund adj.
gumkünn
gumküst
gumlik adj.
gummann
gumrink
gumrícə
gumstól
gumþeyn
gumþe̋ d
gumə
landowner, Lord
gund
gundi adj.
gundlik adj.
gunnpúdr
gunnə
gunnərə
terrible time
horrible; abhorrent; horrifying; terrible, awful, dreadful
awful song
terrible power
to make the sound ‘grrr’, growl
horrifying journey
horrifying stranger
instruments of horror
horror; abhorrence
gristle
grit
bran
grits
the spent grain after brewing
gruel
gudgeon
pale yellow
to swallow greedily
gulf
mouthful (of words)
lustre, sheen
lustrous
jaundice
characteristic dress (of a particular ethnicity, social class, etc.)
mouthful (of words)
person easily tricked or duped, gull
strait
genteel music
lord who is a member of the gentry
(e)squire = landed country gentleman, and as a form of address or title
gentrified footman
belonging to the gentry or upper classes or polite society
gentry; upper classes or polite society
gentility
genteel
a gallant, ladies’ man
defender or champion of women
dominion of the gentry
seat of a landowner
man who waits on a woman
the class of landowners
gentleman, man of manners or class, member of the gentry or gentility;
abscess, infected area or swelling of the body
abscessed, infected
septic (pertaining to putrefying infection)
gunpowder
gun
gunner
268
gupi
guppy
gupə
hind quarters (of an animal)
gurdə
gourd
gurglən wk. I
to gurgle (in the throat)
gurnard
gurnard (a fish)
guru
guru
guscən wk. I
to gush
gust
gust
gusset
gusət
gutt
vagina
gutyər
gutter
guvərn
supervision, discipline (of children)
guvərnən wk. I
to supervise, discipline (children)
gwagg
an abandoned mine
gwako
guaco
gwana
iguana
gwanako
guanaco
gwano
guano
gwarant
guaranty (pledge by which a person commits himself to the payment of
another’s debt or the fulfillment of another’s obligation in the event of default)
gwarantən wk. I
to give a guaranty (for)
gwardin
caregiver
gwardən wk. I
to care for (the aged, sick, etc.)
gwariscən wk. I
to cure (a disease)
gwarison
emergency provisions
gwasc
gouache
Gwatemala
Guatemala
gwava
guava
gwayako
guaiacum
gwepard
cheetah
gwerdon
great rewards, riches, profits
gwerpən wk. I
to leave, abandon (a loved one), break up with (someone in a relationship)
gwidej
jugular vein
gwit
bird of the genera Caereba or Dacnis (‘guit-guit’, see OED)
gwídon
guidon (type of flag, see OED)
gábl
gable
gájə
guarantee
gájən wk. I
to guarantee
gán
yawn
gániən wk. II
to yawn
gánung
yawning
gár
spearhead, arrowhead; point; point of intersection, vertex (Geometry)
gár!
interj. look out!
gárbërənd
warrior (bearing a spear)
gárfar
warlike expedition with spear(head)s
gárholt
spear-shaft
gárháp
pile of spear(head)s?
gárklivə
agrimony
gárkwalm
death-throes of a spear-wound
269
gárkőnə adj.
bold with a spear(head)
gárlák
garlic
gármitting
telling blow with a spear(head)
gárníð
armed vendetta (with spear(head)s)
gárréƨ
armed onrush (with spear(head)s)
gársecg
#(OE = ocean, sea; possibly originally ‘sea-marsh’ with reference to a spearshaped sedge that populates such hypothetical marshes)
gártorn
fighting rage (with spear(head)s)
̋
triangular-shaped tree (such as a pine and other evergreens)
gártre
gárwinn
struggle with spear(head)s
gárwud
#(OE = spear-shaft, lance)
gárwïʒə, gárwíʒənd
spearman, warrior armed with spears
gáryətrum
battalion or regiment armed with spear(head)s
gáräkr
a pointed strip of land
gárþrak
armed attack (with spear(head)s)
gárþrístə adj.
fearless in armed conflict (with spear(head)s)
gáƨə
gauze
gåd
goad
gådíƨərn
goading-iron
gål adj.
‘horny’, ‘randy’, sexually excited, lustful, lascivious, licentious, lecherous;
(older) wanton, gay, light, merry, playful, frolicsome
gål
lust, sexual desire
gålferħþ adj.
lighthearted
gålfrı̋ lƨ
revel
gålful adj.
lustful, lascivious, libidinous, licentious, lecherous, salacious (more so, or
more frequently or more undesirably so, than gål)
to be horny, randy, sexually excited, lustful, etc.; gåliən äftər + acc. to lust
gåliən wk. II
after
gållik adj.
lewd
gållust
libido
gållübb
aphrodisiac, philter
gålmakiəndə adj.
erogenous
gålmód adj.
thinking only of sex
gålnes
horniness, randiness, sexual excitement
gålscepə
lechery, lasciviousness, licentiousness, lecherousness
gålsma̋ rə adj.
jocose, facetious, given to laughing (esp. inappropriately or at inappropriate
times)
gålstråkiən wk. II
to fondle (in bad sense)
gålƨiən wk. II
to make sexual advances
gålƨərə
licentious person, one who makes sexual advances
gån anom.
to go
gånd adj.
going; current; operative
gårə
a triangular patch left over after a piece of land is divided up (if the sides are
not parallel); a triangular patch of cloth used to even out a garment; a triangular neckline of a woman’s garment
gåst
spirit (of those after death; essential or influential quality, character, etc.;
vivacity, courage, vigor, enthusiasm, etc.), ghost (disembodied spirit); spirit = incorporeal being
gåstbanə
spirit-killer, devil
gåstbrúkəndə adj.
‘using the spirit’ (OE = practising in the spirit, but check Bosworth-Toller)?
gåstbërəndə adj.
spirit-bearer, human being
270
gåstdóm
gåsthåli adj.
gåstkovə
gåstkund adj.
gåstkwal
gåstküng
gåstlik adj.
gåstluvə
gåstláƨ adj.
gåstlår
gåstlåru
gåstmessə
gåstsun
gåstwinn
gåstwőnə
gåstwőnənd
gåstyëv
gåstyədål
gåstyəhüyd
gåstyəmünd
gåstyəníðlə
gåstyərűnə
gåstən wk. I
gåt (pl. ga̋ t)
gåtbukkə
gåthirdə
gåthár
gåthúƨ
gåttre̋
gåƨrík
gäd
gädling
gältə
ga̋ d
ga̋ di adj.
ga̋ ling
ga̋ lisc adj.
ga̋ lƨiən wk. II
ga̋ lƨlik adj.
ga̋ lƨə
ga̋ lə
ga̋ lən wk. I
ga̋ rd adj.
ga̋ stlik
ga̋ stən wk. I
ga̋ tláƨ
ga̋ tə
ga̋ tən adj.
ga̋ tən wk. I
spirituality
holy in spirit
‘chamber of the spirit’, breast
ghostly, spectral
extinction of the spirit
king of the spirit, God
spiritual; ecclesiastical, clerical, religious (order)
spiritual love
spiritless; lifeless, dead
(doctrine of) spiritualism
spiritualist (holder of the doctrine)
(mass of) requiem
spiritual son (godəƨ gåstsun = Christ)
struggle of the spirit, spiritual or religious suffering (?)
(belief of) spiritualism
spiritualist (believer)
special gift of the Holy Spirit (e.g. gift of tongues)
departure of the spirit, death
spiritual consideration, religious care (?)
spiritual monument
spirtual enemy, devil
spiritual or religious mystery
to meditate
goat (male or female adult); Capricorn
he-goat
goatherd
goathair
goat-house
cornel tree, or some other tree
savage animal
fraternal order (‘lodge’ as a society)
partner
gilt (young sow, female immature pig)
shortage
short (of), lacking
loitering, wasting time; fooling around
frivolous, flippant
to go on a spree or binge, indulge
luxurious; excessive
luxury; excess; spree, binge
frivolity, flippancy
to loiter, to waste time; to fool around (in all English senses)
pointed, pointy
ghastly
to frighten
inattentive, remiss (to that which one has in one’s keeping or care)
care, ward, watch, keeping, custody, attention
of or pertaining to goats
to tend (herd, flock, animals, plants, the sick, a store or business)
271
ga̋ ƨnə adj.
ga̋ ƨnən wk. I
géri
gérə
gétr
in OED)
gërn adj.
gíding
gídráð
gídə
gídən wk. I
gígə
gílful
gílə
gílən wk. I
gínə
gíur
gívr adj.
gívə
gívən
gíƨə
gíƨən wk. I
gïln
gïrð
gı̋
gód adj.; n.
góddéd
góddónd
gódfremmənd
gódiən wk. II
gódlik adj.
gódláƨ adj.
gódla̋ rə
gódlív
gódnes
gódscepə
gódspell
gódspőd
gódspődi adj.
gódwilləndə adj.
gódəƨ pl.
góf
gófisc adj.
gólik adj.
gómlik adj.
gómsäcging
gómsäcgən wk. I
gómə
góp
infertile (soil, land); unproductive; waste, unused (land)
to make infertile, impoverish (soil), make unproductive
manic
manic episode, mania
covering for the ankle, or ankle and lower leg, made of cloth or leather (gaiter
wholehearted; gërnə adv. wholeheartedly
guiding, guidance
guidance, counselling
guide
to guide
jig
deceptive, false
subterfuge (?)
to use subterfuge on
wild cherry
conductor (incl. of an orchestra)
exorbitant, immoderate
gyve
to shackle with a gyve or gyves
guise
to dress, prepare (esp. in a costume or such)
whisker
girth (circumference, esp. of a living thing or body part)
narrow firth, narrow inlet
good; good thing, benefit, advantage, gift, virtue, good deed
good deed
benefactor, doer of good
doer of good?
to make good (on); to do good (to)
goodly
devoid of good (in any sense)
good teaching
good life
goodness
virtue; kindness; kindliness; goodwill; beneficence
glad tidings, good news
good luck, godspeed
lucky, fortunate
well-wishing
goods
goof
goofy
lavish
palatal
palatalization
to palatalize
hard palate
bondservant
272
góyung
moaning
góyən wk. II
to moan
góƨ pl. gőƨ
goose
góƨfuʒl
goose (?)
góƨhavuk
goshawk
góƨling
gosling
góƨsumr
Indian summer, St. Martin’s summer
görsum
token (of friendship, gratitude, etc., a gift-object in token of something)
equipment, gear, tackle
görwə
görwən wk. I
to equip
görən wk. I
to get done; have something done by another (e.g. ik gördə mínnə húƨ
peyntəd I had or got my house painted); to arrange (that something should happen or be done), prearrange
göwləƨ
gules
gő adj.
(see gethe in OED) curt; abrupt, blunt (statement, in words)
gőr
chummy, intimate, close, sharing mirth and camaraderie
banter, joking, camaraderie
gőrscepə
gőting
annulment, cancellation, abrogation, abolishment
gőtən wk. I
to annul, cancel, abrogate, nullify, neutralize, abolish
gőð
curtness, abruptness, bluntness (in words, statements, etc.) - see gő
gőħt
(OE gebedgiht bedtime, sungihte solstice, Goth gāhts a going) (usu. in
compounds) a going (as in: a going to bed, a going home; the movement of the sun)
unhappiness, displeasure, sorrow
gőħþ
gőən wk. I
to disagree
gújə
gouge (tool)
gúmiən wk. II (gumiən wk. II?) to look after, see to, take care of
gown
gúnə
gúti adj.
gouty
gútə
gout
gúð
duel; (poetic) battle; (poetic) war; the compounds which follow are frequently
historical or historically poetical
gúðbill
fighting-bill
gúðbord
duelling-shield
gúðbrünnə
duelling-corslet
gúðbërn
dueller
gúðdáð
death at a tournament
gúðfanə
pennon
gúðfloʒə
fighter airplane
gúðflån
(poisoned) dart used in warfare
gúðfrek adj.
eager for or loving duels
gúðfremmənd
one who promotes duels
gúðfrá
warlord (?)
gúðfrëkə
fearless combatant in a duel
gúðfuʒl
(poetic) bird of war, eagle
gúðhard adj.
battle-hardened, strong in combat
gúðhavuk
(poetic) war-hawk, eagle
gúðhelm
helmet (= helmət)
gúðherə
(combative) warlike host, army of fighters
gúðhorn
horn which announced a duel, etc.
gúðhrőð
triumph in a duel
273
gúðhwät adj.
gúðkar
gúðkräft
gúðkwőn
gúðküng
gúðküst
gúðla̋ cə
gúðla̋ cən wk. I
gúðle̋ ð
gúðmirkə pl.
gúðmäcgə
gúðmódi adj.
gúðplëʒiən wk. II
gúðplëʒə
gúðrink
gúðráv
gúðréƨ
gúðre̋ w adj.
gúðróv adj.
gúðsaru
gúðscar
gúðscaðə
gúðscorp
gúðscrúd
gúðselə
gúðseyn
gúðskóʒ
gúðspell
gúðswërd
gúðward
gúðwinn
gúðwinə
gúðwërk
gúðwïʒə
gúðwőri adj.
gúðyätwə
gúðyəla̋ cə
gúðyəmót
gúðyəwinn
gúðyəwéd
gúðyəwërk
gúðyəþinjə
gúðþrak
gúðþrát
güdi adj.
güdən
güdənlik adj.
güldingwecg
güldən adj.
quick at duelling
anxiety before a duel
skill at duels
warrior queen
warrior king
those picked for a duel
dueller
to duel
song played at duels
#(OE = Ethiopians, but WHY?)
participant in a duel
combative (in mind)
to duel
duelling, duello
one who seeks or agrees to settle a conflict by one-on-one combat or duel
duel-clothes or armour
onslaught, attack, charge
fierce (wild, savage, brutal, etc.) in one-on-one combat
great in combat, victorious in combat (or at duel)
duelling tactics
cutting down in a duel
one who does not observe protocol in a duel
combat-(or duel-)gear
clothing for a duel
hall for a duel
(hist.) war-banner, ensign
wood near a site of a duel (?)
tidings of a duel (?)
sword for one-on-one combat, or a duel
‘second’ (witness) at a duel
duel-struggle
friend in combat, weapon (?)
offensive action (in battle or sport)
participant in a duel
weary of duelling
accoutrements for a duel
= gúðla̋ cə
duel, confrontation
duelling
duel-dress
venue of a duel
battle-(strictly duel-)rendezvous
offensive attack in a duel
offensive force
possessed; delusional; colloq. high, under the influence of a drug
goddess
befitting or pertaining to a goddess; diva-like
#(OE = gold mine)
golden
274
güldən wk. I
to gild
güldənbend, güldənband
golden band
güldənbáʒ
golden open ring (such as a bracelet or crown)
güldənfäx adj.
golden-haired
güldənhilt adj.
golden-hilted
güldənmúðə
a plant, (golden-mouthed) Chrysostom
güliən wk. II
to chatter, prattle, make idle conversation
gült
guilt
culprit
gültborə
gülti adj.
guilty
gülting
trespass(ing), offense, violation (that which makes one guilty of an offense)
gültlik adj.
offensive, blameworthy (action), incommendable, bad
gültwítə
penalty for guilt
gültən wk. I
to be guilty, be guilty of a crime, offense, or sin; to sin, offend, trespass
gültənd
trespasser
gülung
idle conversation, smalltalk
gümbr
female kid
gümmiən wk. II
to gore
gür
glop
2
gür
scotch fir
gürd
waist
gürdl
girdle
gürdlbred
writing-tablet worn about the waist
gürdlhring
ring of a belt-buckle or similar
gürdən wk. I
to cinch, tighten a belt
to gird (take hits at, jest with, gibe at)
gürdən2 wk. I
gürl
(little) girl
gürn
sabotage
gürnstavəƨ pl.
objects used to sabotage
gürnwrak
revenge for sabotage
serous membrane
gütfilmən
gütfërm
#(OE = ploughing-feast)
gütstrám
stream of fluid
gütsél
carousal (at wine-pouring orig.)
gütə
fluid, secretion, serum, serous fluid; in compounds often = -fusion
ha ha!
ha ha!
habbing
having, possession
habbyízsum adj.
avaricious
habbyízung
avarice
habbədnes
continence
habbən wk. I
to have; used to form perfect tenses of transitive verbs (perfect used much as
in English), and in constructions such as ik habb a letr til wrítənə, “I have a letter to write”
habit
habitual dress
habitákl
frequented place, niche
habitən wk. I
to frequent, be a regular customer of
habərdascər
haberdasher
hacət
hatchet (= handax)
hadr adj.
tense, uptight, nervous, anxious, keyed up
haduk
haddock
275
hadə
a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of access
between two ploughed portions of a field
hafniən wk. II
to take prisoner or captive, detain, seize
hafnung
taking as prisoner, apprehension, detainment
hafnyum
hafnium
hafnəð
captivity, imprisonment (often fig.), confinement
haftung
#(OE = fetter)
hagard adj.
haggard
hagas
haggis
hagg
clearing
haggə
hag
haggən str. VII
to clear (forest), cut down (trees), demolish (buildings)
haglən wk. I
to haggle
hakbutə
harquebus
hakinə
sour wine
to staple
hakiən wk. II
hakkiən wk. II
to hack
hakkə
tool or implement for chopping up ground: hoe, mattock, or pick-axe or
similar
haklə
cassock (garment)
hakney
hackney (often a half-bred horse, as opposed to a purebred or a thoroughbred)
staple (fastening)
hakə
hakəd
pike (fish)
hald
retention, keeping, custody
hald adj.
sloping, inclined, tilted, leaning (over); inclined (to)
halding
keeping (= retention, detention, maintenance, preservation, observance, etc.),
but with more action or process implied than simple hald; holding (of land), tenement (in legal sense)
haldnes
reservation?
haldsum adj.
protective, careful, observant
haldsumnes
protectiveness, carefulness, observance
haldyəriħtə
lien
haldən str. VII
to keep (in all English senses); to hold (land, property; in a certain state, with
a certain quality)
haldərə
custodian, guardian, protector
halk
crater
hall
public building, hall (including temples, law courts, houses of parliament -originally any building supported by pillars or columns); in college or university: hall = dormitory, classroom
building, eating centre, etc.
hall2
rock face
hallgamn
amusement in a public building?
hallhålʒung
sanctification in a hall?
hallik
like or of a hall (public building, orig. with columns), palatial
hallrecəd
edifice in the form of a hall (building supported by columns or pillars)
hallráv
booty from a hall?
hallränn
small hall (building supported by columns or pillars)
hallsittənd
sitter-in-hall
hallwud
woodwork of hall
hallwåʒrift
wall-tapestry
hallélúyá
hallelujah
276
hallþeyn
halm
halmsträw
halojen
halprən wk. I
halstån
halstə
halt adj.
haltiən wk. II
halv (adj.)
halv (n.)
halvald adj.
halvbrokən adj.
halvdád
halvfrí adj.
halvfőðə adj.
halvgod
halvgülti adj.
halvhunding
halvhwít adj.
halvhád
halvhår adj.
halvhíd
halvkamp
halvklungən adj.
halvkla̋ md adj.
halvklïpiəndə adj.
halvkwik adj.
halvláƨ adj.
halvmann
halvmark
halvmónə
halvnakəd adj.
halvpenning
halvpenningwërð
halvrád adj.
halvrúʒ adj.
halvsestr
halvsfa̋ r
halvsinwalt adj.
halvslépəndə adj.
halvsoðən adj.
halvse̋ðən str. II
halvtründl
halvtwídott
halvungə adv.
halvvers
halvvúəl
halvwey
hall-officer
haulm, (rigid) stalk (as of cereals), pl. straw (of stalks), stubble
straw of stalks
halogen
to go backward and forward
crusty bun, crusty bread
neck of a tunic
lame, having difficulty walking
to limp, halt
half (adj.)
half (noun); þriddə halv, etc. = two and a half, etc.
half-grown
half-broken
half-dead
half-free
halting
demigod
partially guilty
cynocephalus (or: baboon?)
half-white, somewhat white
front of the head, away from the hair
half-grey(-haired)
half a hide (of land), i.e. half a family’s property in land
half-time
half-congealed (? - ‘half-clumped’)
half-pasted
half-vocal, muffled
half-alive
impartial, unbiased, neutral
eunuch? lesser man? one who is only half-human, or deficient in humanity?
half a mark (money)
half-moon
half-naked
halfpenny
halfpenny-worth
reddish
half-rough
half a ‘sester’ (measure of bulk)
hemisphere
forming a half-disk
half-asleep
half-boiled, parboiled
to parboil
hemisphere
semicolon
halfway, to a certain extent, partially, imperfectly
hemistich
semivowel
half-way, half the way
277
halvwittə
halfwit
halvwud
#(OE = field-balm)
halvyəmet
median
halvə
side (of a family, of an argument, dispute, war, or battle); party (legal)
halʒ
bay (of a wall); secluded spot, retreat
halʒiħt adj.
having bays (of a wall)
halƨ
neck, front of the neck
halƨbrünnə
corslet that includes neck-armour
halƨbáʒ
collar (in the form of an incomplete ring)
halƨbërʒ
neck-armour
halƨbók
a book worn about the neck as a phylactery
halƨfang
halsfang (‘fine prescribed in substitution for capital and other punishments,
preferential share of the ‘wergeld’’), or: some punishment characterized by some form of apprehension,
binding, or restraining by the neck (so speculated by OED as the original meaning of the OE word)
halƨfäst adj.
uppity
passage down the neck
halƨgang
halƨgund
abscess in the neck
halƨiən wk. II
to seize by the neck
halƨklåð
neckerchief
halƨleðr
neck-gear for a horse (and sometimes including the reins of leather)
beloved maiden
halƨmäyð
halƨmünə
neck-ornament (meant to commemorate something)
halƨrfeðrəƨ pl.
feathers of a pillow, down
halƨrə
headrest, pillow
halƨwrïðə
ornament similar to a lei (‘neck-wreath’)
pain in the neck
halƨwärk
halƨwürt
daffodil
halƨyəbeddə
beloved bedfellow, wife
halƨómə
inflammation of the neck
halƨəd
neck of a tunic
placenta
halə
ham
underwear, underpants, panties
hamaka
hammock
hamburgər
hamburger
haml adj.
rugged (person)
hamliən wk. II
to mutilate
hamlə
religious fanatic (orig. ‘man with cropped hair’)
hamlə2
#(OE = rowlock, or rower)
hamlət
hamlet
hamm
ham of leg (behind the knee, not behind the thigh, for which sperlírə)
hamm2
an enclosed pasture
hammland
enclosed pasture
hammsinu
hamstring
hamprən wk. I
to interfere
hamr
hammer
hamriən wk. II
to hammer
hamrsecg
hammer-sedge
hamrwürt
black hellebore, wall-pellitory
hamstr
hamster
278
hamə
outfit
hancən wk. I
to snap at, bite with violent or noisy action (of animals, and fig. of greedy
persons)
hand
hand
handax
hatchet
#(OE (North.) = to lament)
handbaftiən wk. II
handbanə
killer by hand
handbellə
handbell
handbred
#(OE = handbra̋ də)
handbra̋ də
breadth of the hand, span
handbók
handbook, manual
handdédə
doer with his own hand
handfasniən wk. II
to join hands in confirmation of a pledge or bargain
handfasnung
joining hands in confirmation of a pledge or bargain
handfestən wk. I
to seal, confirm (a bargain, deal, promise, etc.); to commit to marry, to betroth
handful
handful
handgang
submission, surrender
handgripə
handgrip
handgrið
peace, protection, or security given by the king’s hand
handgunnə
handgun, pistol, revolver
red-handed (thief)
handhabbəndə adj.
handhamr
handhammer
handhevə
burden in the hand
handhrinə
contact by or touch of the hand
handhräyl
shabby towel for the hand
handhwíl
instant
handi adj.
dexterous, dextrous; -handed
handklåð
cloth easy to be held in the hand, as a hand towel, napkin, or duster
handkosp
handcuff, manacle
handkräft
manual skill, dexterity
handkwërn
hand-mill
handlenjə
a hand’s length
handleyk
handball
handlik adj.
manual (adj.), of the hand
handlingə adv.
by hand (OE more commonly and ME always ‘hand to hand, at close
quarters’)
handliən wk. II
to handle, manipulate
handlukən adj.
joined together by hand
handlung
handling, manipulation
handlán
requital by hand (a blow)
handlín
maniple (cloth)
handlə
handle (of any kind, but especially when it is of similar dimension to the
entire tool or article, = German Griff)
handmäyn
manual strength
handnäyl
fingernail, = finɡrnajl
handplaʒə
hand-to-hand combat
handpre̋ st
domestic chaplain
handréƨ
#(OE = onrush, attack)
handróv adj.
noted for strength in combat (approx. meaning)
279
handsald adj.
handscol
handscüldi adj.
handsellən wk. I
handseln
handsetn
handskombring
handskombrən wk. I
handsläħt
handsmakk
handspitl
handspor
handstokk
handsum adj.
handswülə
handsäx
handtam adj.
handtundr
handworħt adj.
handwrist
handwrit
handwriðən adj.
handwundr
handwërk
handyift
handyədërv
handyəmakə
handyəmót
without shaking)
handyəscäft
handyəsellə
handyəstallə
handyəswing
handyəwald
handyəwinn
handyəwrit
handyəwërk
handþeyn
handþwál
hangiən wk. II
hangrə
hangwítə
hangələ
hank
hanklən wk. I
hankréd
hankrédtíd or hankrédtímə
hankrən wk. I
hankən wk. I
transferred (property)
cohort?
liable (to lose) a hand
to transfer (property)
transfer of property
ratification (by signature)
masturbation
to masturbate
blow, punch
smack of the hand
= spitl
hand-trail
cuff
easy to hold, handle, wield, or manipulate
swelling on the hand
knife of a size that is easily clasped by the hand, dagger, dirk
submissive to handling
grenade
handwrought, made by hand
= wrist
manuscript
hand-twined
marvel of handiwork
work of the hands, handwork
wedding present = yift
manual labour
short-term sexual companion (?)
shaking of hands (in Englisc society, rather a clasping together of hands,
handiwork
close colleague
new friend, new companion
swing of the hand, stroke of the hand, blow
immediate control, temporary charge, responsibility, or command
manual conflict
handwriting
(arts and) craft(s), things produced by hand
vassal attendant
washing of the hands
to hang (intr.), be suspended; fərhangiən be hanged
wooded slope or bank (‘hanger’)
penalty for miscarriage of justice
another term for ‘penis’, besides tërƨ
a loop of string, wire, or the like used to fasten things together
to fasten lightly
cock-crow
time of cock-crow
to hanker
to fasten by a loop or noose
280
hansang
cock-crow (= hankrjad)
hanzəl
handsel
hanə
rooster, cock
happ
chance; coincidence; randomness
happi adj.
chancy, risky, dicey
happlik adj.
chance (adj.), random, coming by chance
harang
harangue
hard adj.
hard (opp. soft)
hardecg
any implement with a hard edge, sword, knife, dagger, etc.
hardháw
chopper?
hardhërt adj.
hard-hearted
hardhërtnes
hard-heartedness
hardhücgəndə adj.
resolute, firm
hardi adj.
hardy
harding
fearless man (?)
hardiən wk. II
to be hard
hardlik adj.
tough (person); relentless, persistent (weather, misfortune, etc.)
hardliknes
toughness (of a person); relentlessness, persistence (of weather, misfortune,
etc.)
hardmód adj.
obstinate, stubborn
hardmódnes
obstinacy, stubbornness
hardnebbə
hard-beaked bird (raven, crow, finch, etc.)
hardnes
hardness
hardréd adj.
resolute, decided, firm
hardsoðən
hard-boiled
hardséli adj.
hard on one’s luck
hardsélð
hard lot, bad luck, a miss; mistiming, misfiring, etc.
hardung
being hard
hardwendnes
austerity; rigour; extreme discipline
hardwendə adj.
austere; rigorous; extremely disciplined
hardback (book)
hardþeħt
hardə adv.
hard (adv.), firmly, for sure, absolutely
hardərə
mullet (fish)
harl
filament; harl
harlhápwolkn
cirrocumulus cloud
harllecgwolkn
cirrostratus cloud
harlot
disorderly person
harlwolkn
cirrus cloud
harm
hurt (feeling of hurt, of having been hurt, especially emotionally), wounded
feelings or pride, wound to the pride, pique; dejection, depression
harmala
harmala, wild rue
harmbërʒ
#(OE = mound of calamity)
harmdäy
day of hurting
harmedwít
hurtful reproach
harmful adj.
hurt (adj.), with wounded pride
harmhërt adj.
emotionally wounded, sad, dejected, dispirited
harmhërtnes
emotional wound(s), dejection, dispiritedness, sadness
harmiən wk. II
to hurt (intr., especially emotionally, but also physically) - cf. hürtən (tr.); to
pique
281
harmkwal
mortification
harmkwiddiən wk. II
to calumniate
harmkwidə
hurtful words, invective, vituperation: abuse, calumny, slander, insult,
blasphemy
harmkwëdl adj.
abusive; calumnious; slanderous; insulting, offensive, hurtful; malicious (all
basically “evil-speaking”, “harmful or hurtful in words”)
harmkwëdliən wk. II
to speak abusively, calumniously, slanderously, insultingly, offensively,
hurtfully, or maliciously
harmkwëdlnes
= harmkwidə
harmkwëðən str. V
to revile, abuse verbally
harmkwëðənd
verbal abuser
harmlik adj.
hurtful
harmlokə
‘stronghold of hurting’, fig. hell, prison of the heart
harmle̋ ð
song of hurt(ing), song of the blues
harmplëʒə
quarrel, name-calling, fight, strife, argument
harmscar
diatribe
(usu. verbally) cruel person, one who calls people names or otherwise hurts
harmscaðə
them
harmskinnən adj.
made of ermine
harmsleyə
philippic
harmspréc
calumny
harmstäv
#(OE (poetic) = harm, sorrow, tribulation)
harmtån
#(OE (poetic) = shoot of sorrow)
harmyërn adj.
eager to hurt, loving to hurt: malicious, spiteful, malevolent, malignant
harmónika
accordion
ermine, stoat (the animal)
harmə
harneys
harness
harsc
harsh
harscard
harelip, cleft lip
harsk
unpleasant; inclement (weather, climate)
harwə
colter
haró interj.
a cry for help
harə
hare
harənhiy
hare’s foot (plant)
viper’s bugloss (plant)
harənsprëkl
harənstërrə
dogstar, Sirius
harəð
unsettled frontier land, the wild(s), the bush
hascə
hash
hask
husky (voice, cough)
haslət
haslet
haspiən wk. II
to hasp, fasten with a hasp
haspə
hasp
hassuk
crabgrass
hatiən wk. II
to hate, treat as an enemy
hatiənd
enemy
hatiəndlik
hateful
hatl adj.
tending to hate, unpleasant, unfriendly, mean; prejudiced, discriminatory,
hostile (toward a particular group, race, etc.)
hatlmakiən wk. II
to prejudice (someone)
282
hatting
hattingróv
hattiən wk. II
hattən str. VII
hatung
hatə
havl adj.
havlə
havniən wk. II
havrsakk
havuk
havukfuʒl
havukkünn
havukung
havukərə
havən
havənlást
havənláƨ adj.
havətiən wk. II
hawbard
hawberjon
hawberk
hawboy
hawncə
hawnt
hawntən wk. I
hawt, hawtayn adj.
hawzən wk. I
haxtald
these
haxtaldhåd
haxtaldlik adj.
haxtaldmann
haxtaldnes
haynuƨ adj.
hayƨən wk. I
haðr
haðriən wk. II
haʒ
haʒ2
haʒfinc
haʒiən wk. II
haʒl
haʒlfar
haʒlik
haʒliən wk. II
haʒlscúr
haʒlstorm
haʒlstån
name, appellation, designation, term
nomenclature
to top off
to be called, be named (pret. heħt, heħtən)
hatred
hater, one who is hostile or unfriendly, enemy
possessive (esp. in negative senses)
top or crown of the head; vertex
to (be able to) handle, manage, cope with
haversack
hawk
hawk
kind of hawk
hawking
hawker
possession
destitution, want, poverty
having no possessions, destitute, needy, poor
to heave
halberd
habergeon
piece of armour covering neck and shoulders
oboe
haunch
haunt, frequented place
to haunt, frequent
supercilious
to enhance
adult male living in his lord’s or parents’ house, often serving or working for
state of being a haxtald; adult dependence
dependent (as an adult)
= haxtald
adult dependence
heinous
to punish with needless overwork
restriction; curfew (of child, etc.)
to restrict; curfew (one’s child, etc.)
suitability; expedience
haw (fruit of the hawthorn)
grosbeak
to be right (for), be the right one (for); þet haʒəð! that’s it! You’ve got it!
hail(stones)
hailing, hailstorm
suitable; expedient; right, fitting, appropriate
to hail
hailshower
hailstorm
hailstone
283
haʒn
(city-)park, a city or town block set aside for trees, shrubs, lawns, flowers,
benches, paths, fountains, ponds, birds, etc.; also recreational city/town parks for skateboarders, cyclists, etc.
See also park for other meanings
haʒr adj.
handy (of a person)
haʒrún
magic word
haʒspind
chubby cheek(s)
haʒtäl
area code
haʒþorn
hawthorn
haʒə
area (= zone, place, region)
haƨard
hazard
haƨu adj.
dull, faded, washed-out (of colour or appearance)
haƨufeðrə adj.
with dull feathers
haƨufåʒ adj.
= haƨu
haƨupåd adj.
having a dull or faded coat
hebbən str. VI
to lift
uplifting
hebbəndlik
heben
ebony
Hebréisc adj.
Hebrew
heccláƨ
without a fence
heccə
fence
to fence in, bound by a fence
heccən wk. I
hecg
hedge
hecgklivə
hedge-clivers (see klivə)
hecgráw
hedgerow
hecgstów
place with a hedge
hecgsåʒl
hedge-post
hecgwey
road between hedgens
hecgən wk. I
to hedge (inhecgən to hedge in)
heclə
the long shining feathers on the neck of ceratin birds, as the domestic cock,
peacock, pigeon, etc.
hedklåð
scapular
hedn
windbreaker
heft
haft (handle of a knife, axe, etc.)
heftən wk. I
to imprison (often fig.)
imprisoner (= ?)
heftənd
heggberyə
bird-cherry
hekk
heck (type of grate to obstruct the flow of solid articles or fish in a stream or
channel of any kind)
hekl
heckle, hackle (for flax, hemp, etc.)
heklən wk. I
to heckle (flax, hemp, etc.)
heldr adv.
rather, preferably
heldəst adv.
most preferably
hell
hell
hellbalu
bale of hell
hellbend
bond of hell
hellbróʒə
hell-panic
hellbrünə
hell-fire, heat of hell, inferno
hellcävl
jaws of hell
helldor
gate of hell
284
helldur
helldı̋ vl
hellfirn
hellflór
hellfúƨ adj.
hellfűr
hellgod
hellgrund
hellgrutt
hellgrürə
hellgåst
hellhinkə
hellhund
hellhäft adj.
hellhäftling
hellhäftə
hellhërt adj.
hellhe̋ v
hellhúƨ
hellik adj.
hellisc adj.
hellklamm
hellknëħt
hellkräft
hellkund adj.
hellkwal
hellkwalm
hellkünn
hellmerə
hellmäyn
hellníð
hellokə
hellrún
hellrúnə
hellrűnyə
hellscalk
hellscaðə
hellstów
hellsáð
hellsúƨl
helltintreʒ
hellträv
helltrëʒə
hellwendə adj.
hellwërəd
hellwítbróʒə
hellwítə
hellwïħt
hellwərə pl.
door of hell
devil
hellish outrage
floor of hell
bound for hell
hellfire
god of the lower world
abyss of hell, deepest hell
hell-canyon, abyss of hell
horror of hell
spirit of hell (one of the departed who live in hell)
‘hell-limper’, type of demon
hellhound, helldog
captive in hell
captive or prisoner of hell
captive or prisoner of hell
terrified
wailings or howlings of hell
hellhouse
of hell, infernal
hellish
grip of hell, hellish incapacitation
demon, devil (of hell)
‘hellcraft’, powers of hell
of hell, of hell-kind
consignment to hell (by killing)
hell-pain, hell-torment
hellkind, race of hell, hellish race
lake in hell, Stygian lake
hellish power
hellish malice
hell-prison
prophet of hell, warlock, sorcerer
hellish monster
prophetess of hell, witch, sorceress
drudge of hell
hellish malefactor, demon, hell-fiend
infernal region
pit of hell
hellish misery, hell-torment
hell-torture
pavilion of hell (?)
hellish trouble(s)
destined for hell
company of hell
panic when facing hell-punishment
hellish penalty, penalty of being sent to hell
creature of hell
those who dwell or live in hell
285
hellyät
entrance or gateway to hell
hellyəþwing
confinement in hell
hellénhád
Hellenism
Hellénisc
Hellenic
hellénist
Hellenist
Hellenize
hellénmakiən
hellþeyn
servant of hell, vassal of the devil, demon
hellən wk. I
to pour (from a vessel)
helm
crown, top, canopy (of trees), (protective upper) cover; hood, bonnet (of a car,
stove, fireplace, etc.); (poet.) helmet
helmbérə adj.
having a canopy of leaves
helmbërənd
helmeted warrior
helmiħt adj.
canopied
helmiən wk. II
to cover, crown, bedeck; to put on or provide with a helmet
helmward
pilot (of a ship)
helmə
helm (of a ship)
helmən wk. I
to helm
helmət
helmet
help
help
helpful
helpful
helpsum
inclined to help
helpə
work done as an auxiliary, e.g. office-‘help’
helpən str. III
to help
helpənd
helper
helpəndråp
helping-rope
secret code (language)
helyəþı̋də
helə
pretext
hemm
hem
hemming
hide of the shanks of deer; shoe or brogue made of this - see hemming in
OED
hemmiən wk. II
to hem
hemmən wk. I
to tamp, ram down hard so as to consolidate
hemnes
tamping
heməðə
vest
hencmann
henchman
hendi adj.
meticulous; detailed, close (examination, e.g.)
hendə adj.
helpful, obliging
hendən wk. I
to hold (with the hand)
heng
crux (essential or deciding point)
hengl
device by which something hangs, esp. a rod for hanging curtains, or a part of
a hinge or set of hinges
hengwítə
fine for not detaining an offender
hengən wk. I
to depend, rest on
henjkliv
overhanging cliff
henjtre̋
gallows
henjən
hanging (form of execution)
henjənwítnung
hanging-punishment
henjəst
stallion
henn
hen
286
hennbellə
hennbroð
hennfuʒl
henna̋ y
hennə
heno interj.
henting
hentlik adj.
hentən wk. I
as apprehending criminals, etc.)
henəp
hepə
herbs, etc.
herawd
herbistlik adj.
herbistə
herblik adj.
herbláð adj.
herbmetə
herbróʒə
herbrünnə
herbákn
herbémə
herbétə
herbërʒ
herbërʒiən wk. II
herbə
herbər
hercerm
herdən wk. I
herfang
herfeld
herflotə
herflémə
herfolk
herfuʒl
herfe̋
herfőðənd
hergang
hergrímə
herhand
herhlóð
herhúð
hering, hernes
heriən wk. I
heriənd
heriəndlik adj.
heriəndsang
herkumbl
henbane
chicken broth
domestic fowl
hen’s egg
chicken, fowl
interj. well...
apprehension (of a criminal; conception)
apprehensible
to apprehend (in all English senses, including ‘catching on’ to a hint, as well
hemp
curved blade with knobs at each upper corner to hold on to, for chopping
(radio-, TV-) announcer, broadcaster
vegetarian
vegetarian (person)
vegetable, vegetal
cowardly in battle
vegetable(s), greens
war-panic
war-corslet
military ensign
war-horn, war-trumpet
herbivore
lodgings, quarters
to take up one’s quarters, lodge
herb = non-woody plant; (when eaten) vegetable
flowerbed
war-cry
to harden (tr.), make hard
osprey
battlefield
battle-fleet, armada
deserter
the members of the military; the military as opposed to civilians
bird of prey, raptor
war-booty, spoils of war
footman, footsoldier, infantryman
invasion or devastation by an army
war-mask
#(OE = violence of war)
war-band
people or things taken in battle, booty, plunder, prey
commendation
to commend, praise, express approval; to worship (a person)
worshipper (of a person), fan
commendatory
song of praise, commendation, or worship (of a person)
standard
287
herküst
those picked for war or battle, choice warriors
herlik adj.
martial, belligerent
herlov
‘war-praise’, glory, glorification
herlåv
remains (leavings) of a war-host
hermann
soldier, warrior, militiaman
hermäcg
(virginal, young) warrior
hermäyn
military power
hermäðl
national assembly
hernumə
prisoner of war
herníð
wartime hostilities
heroín
heroin
herpåd
coat of mail (lit. “army-coat”)
herpäð
military road
herpés
herpes
herrink
war-hero
herrlik adj.
senior
herráv
spoils of war
herréƨ
hostile raid
herréƨwə
military strategist
herscäft
(poetic) spear
success in war
herspőd
hersting
frying
herstinghlåv
crust
herstpannə
frying-pan
herstrél
warhead
herstrét
boulevard
to fry
herstən wk. I
herswőy
martial sound
hersíð
wartime adventure or exploit
hersə
hearse (in historical sense, framework or similar over a tomb or coffin to bear
the palls and often tapers or candles)
(army) general
hertoʒə
hertám
team of soldiers or warriors
hertémə
member of or head of a team of soldiers or warriors
herudlik
blasphemable
herwey
highway
herwing
blasphemy
herwnes
blasphemy
herwoƨə
major (rank)
herwäƨmə
prowess in battle
herwa̋ðə
wandering warrior or soldier
herwéd
armour
herwépn
weapon of war
herwërk
war-work
herwíc
encampment??
herwíƨə
colonel/military captain
herwóp
the cry of an army
herwən wk. I
to blaspheme; speak to or of disrespectfully
herwənd
blasphemer
288
heryeld
war-tax
heryätwə pl.
military equipment, war-gear
heryət
heriot
heryəð
ravages of war
herzə
hearse
herðə
shagreen
herʒiən wk. II
to harry, harrow
herʒung
harrying, harrowing
herʒəð
havoc
herþrát
warforce (of men or people)
herþrümm
multitude of soldiers or warriors, parade or procession of soldiers or warriors
herə
(hostile) army, host, horde (in older (often non-literal) cpds. usually no
particularization to ‘hostile’ army, and often simply denote pertinence to battle or war (OE here could also mean
‘battle, war, devastation’ in addition to ‘army, host, horde’)
herədlik
commendable
hetful adj.
hateful (= full of hate)(person)
hetgrimm
fiercely hateful
hetl adj.
hostile, bitter, unfriendly, resentful, virulent
hetlik
hateful (words, attitude, deed, etc.), hostile, malignant
hetlnes
hostility, bitterness, unfriendliness, resentfulness, virulence
to embitter (a person)
hetlən wk. I
hetníð
malignant spite
hetr
coarse (in manner)
hetróv
hatefully proud
hetrún
charm which produces hate
hetsprék
hateful speech, hate speech
hetsweng
hateful swing (of the arms)
hettən wk. I
to persecute, discriminate hatefully
hettənd
hateful persecutor or discriminator
hetþank
resentful acknowledgment
hetþankl
with hateful thoughts
hate, hatred
hetə
hevdlik adj.
elevated, lofty, airy, ‘high-falutin’
hevful
burdensome, oppressive, grievous
hevi adj.
heavy
hevihërt adj.
serious (person), humorless, sombre
hevilik adj.
grave, serious, critical
hevimód adj.
heavyhearted
hevines
heavyness
hevitémnes
hard times, trouble, oppression
hevitémə adj.
having a hard time of it, experiencing difficulty, troubled, oppressed
heviən wk. II
to put the onus on (someone), to burden, make responsible
hevlik adj.
onerous
hevnən wk. I
to avenge
hevʒiən wk. II
to weigh heavily
hevə
onus
hevəld
heald (see OED)
hevəldiən wk. II
to fix the weft, begin the web (or prepare the heald, whatever)
hevəldyärd
the reed of a loom
289
hevəldþréd
thread for weaving
hey interj.
hey!
heyhümlə
hoop-plant
heyklivə
hedge-clivers
heyl adj.
in good condition (of both persons and things), well (as in “you look well!”,
“are you keeping well?”), not sick
heyl interj.
Hail!; Hello!
heylƨən wk. I
to introduce (people)
heylən wk. I
to say hello, greet, salute (esp. less formally or fully than grétən)
heyrivə
goose-grass
heyráw
hedgerow
heystall
spot for a hedge-bush
heystäv
bar to stop an opening in a fence
heystów
place of a hedge
heysuggə
hedge-sparrow
hedge-stake?
heysåʒl
heytən wk. I
to call names
heywey
way between hedges
heyə
hedge-bush; trimmed bush; in compounds = pertaining to a hedge or fence
heðən
hence (= therefore)
to isolate
heʒiən wk. II
heʒnən wk. I
to preserve (grass) from cattle; to preserve, set aside (tracts of land from
agriculture, settlement, or development)
hic
name of a bird, ‘parruca’
hiccən
to move jerkily or haltingly; to sputter (of a motor)
hideous
hiduƨ
hidər
hither, (to) here
hidərkümə
a coming hither, advent, arrival
hidərwerd adj.
hitherward, towards this place
hidərwerdəƨ adv.
hitherward, towards this place
hikk
hiccup
to hiccup
hikkən wk. I
hikəri
hickory
hild
combat; (poet., and often in composition) war, battle, violence
hildbedd
deathbed
hildbill
combat-bill
hildblåk
deathly pale
hildbord
wooden shield
hildde̋ r
violently brutal
hilddı̋ vl
battle-demon
hildeyƨə
violent terror
hildfram
forward in combat, bold in combat
hildfrekə
kamikaze warrior
hildfrumə
battle-chief
hildgråp
violent clutch
hildhard
violence-hardened
hildhlemm
clash
hildkallə
war-herald
hildkorðr
war-parade
290
hildküst
hildlatə
hildle̋ mə
hildle̋ ð
hildmäcg
hildmécə
hildnädrə
hildpíl
hildrand
hildrink
hildréƨ
hildscorp
hildscúr
hildserkə
hildsetl
hildspell
hildstapə
hildstrengə
hildswåt
hildswőy
hildsäd
hildtorħt
hildtúsk
hildwang
hildwråƨn
hildwulv
hildwépn
hildwíƨə
hildwómə
hildyekl
hildyest
hildyätwə
hildþrak
hildþrümm
hildþrűð
hilmədə
hilt(ə)
hilting
hiltláƨ
hiltswërd
hiltədə
him
hin
hind
hindberyə
hindbrér
hindfaləd
hindkalv
hindriən wk. II
those picked for combat
laggard in combat, coward
beam of battle (name for a sword)
war-song
hooligan (more or less legal term)
combat-blade, sword
war-snake, arrow
war-pencil, dart
poetic for shield
warrior, hero (poetic)
charge, attack
armaments
shower of arrows or darts
combat-shirt
combat-seat, saddle
tidings of battle or war
wanderer on the battlefield
combat-strength
sweat of combat
sound of combat
fed up of combat
resplendent in combat
tusk (as weapon)
(combat-)arena
neck-fetter for captives
rampaging warrior
weapon of combat
commander
battle-alarm
battle-icicle (blood dripping from a sword)(poetic)
violent stranger
war-harness
onset of combat
battle-multitude
magnificence of battle (or combat)
helmeted
hilt
the projecting bit of metal at the end of a hilt
having no hilt
hilted sword
hilted
(to) him (dat. sg. of hé); (to) himself (reflex.)
adv. gone, lost, irretrievable
female roedeer
raspberry
raspberry bush
hind-fold
fawn (= kid)
to hinder
291
hində
hindəməst
hindən
hindənwerd
hindər adj.
hindər
hindərdur
hindərgenjə
hindərgrund
hindərhók
hindərlampə
hindərleykərə
hindərling
hindərla̋ vən
hindərnes
hindərpájə
hindərscepə
hindərwerd
hindərwerdəƨ
hindərwrítən str. I
hindəryáp
hindəwerd
hinfúƨ
hingang
hinkiən wk. II
hinsíð
hinə
hirdbäli
hirdbók
hirding
hirdknapə
hirdlik
hirdláƨ
hirdmann
hirdnes
hirdrédən
hirdwürt
hirdə
senses)
hirdən wk. I
hirslən wk. I
hirting
hirtən wk. I
spirits)(esp. edhirtən)
hirzl
hirƨ
hirə pron.
(reflex.)
hissən wk. I
adv. in the rear
hindmost
from behind
reversed, wrong end first, backward(s)
rear, hind-, posterior, back
prep., adv. behind
back door
one who walks backwards
background (of a painting, etc.)
‘catch’ in a bargain
taillight
(movie) extra, walk-on (actor)
one who is behind
to leave behind
hindrance
back page
backwardness
hindward adj.
hindwards, going back
to endorse (= write on the back of something)
capacious in the rear
facing back, facing the rear, rearward, backward(s)
bound to die or depart
departure, death
to be undecided, waffle
departure, death
him (acc. of hé); himself (reflex.)
shepherd’s leather bag
pastoral book
herding
shepherd boy
pastoral
without a shepherd
= hird in literal senses
ranch
ranching
a plant
herdsman (shepherd, cowherd, swineherd, goatherd); shepherd (in figurative
to herd
to move or slide with great friction or grazing
heartening, encouragement, reassurance
to hearten, encourage, cheer, reassure; to revive, refresh, renew (in
flock of sheep under charge of a shepherd
millet
dat. sg., gen. sg., poss. sg. of hǿ she: (to) her, of her, of hers; (to) herself
to hiss
292
histamín
histamine
hit
pron. it; itself (reflex.)
hittən wk. I
to hit (in virtually all modern English senses)
hiyrə
jay
hiħtən wk. I
to add finishing touches, spruce up, jazz up, embellish, enrich
hiƨlik
condign
hlading
loading; lading
hladən str. VI
to load; to lay on, pile on, stack up; to fill up (a vessel with liquid, drink,
liquor); to charge, recharge (e.g. a battery)
hlakriən wk. II
to be rude or disrespectful
hlakrung
rudeness, disrespect
hland
(orig.) stale urine used for industrial purposes, chamber-lye (urine used for
washing); (modern) becomes word for various cleaning solutions (esp. ammonia-based), originally because they
resembled urine in smell or colour
hlandådl
strangury
hlank
loose from emptiness, not filled out or plump, shrunken, spare, hollow
hlað
appliance; (TV-, radio-) set
hlaðə
barn
hlaʒl
inclined to laugh
hlemm
detonation
to detonate
hlemmən
hlencə
chain-mail, mail (armour)
hlencən wk .I
to hook up
hlenk
link
hlenkiən
to link
hlenkstrik
hyphen
to laugh
hleħħən
hlid
lid; operculum (to close an aperture on a living thing)
hlidfäst
closed by a lid
hlidyät
lidded entrance
hlidədə
having a lid
hlimmə
raging torrent, roaring flood
hlimmən str. III
to rush, roar, rage, resound
hlin
deciduous tree
hlinc
terrace
hlincra̋ w
row of terraces
hlink
rolling, sandy, grass-covered land, esp. near a seashore
hlinscúwə
shade of deciduous trees
hlið
slope
hlokkətən wk. I
to snort by inhaling
hloppə
bedbug
hlopr
coagulated blood, curdled milk
hloprən wk. I
to curdle, coagulate
hlot
lot (pulled), object used in casting/drawing lots; lottery ticket
hlowpdrám
(modern) dance music
hlowpən wk. I
to jump up and down, dance
hloƨniən wk. II
to listen for, wait for, lurk, watch for
hloƨnərə
one who listens for, waits for, lurks, watches for
hláp
a leap, bound
293
hláping
hláplik
hlápwinkə
hlápyät
hlápən str. VII
hlápərə
hlápəstrə
hlápətən wk. I
hlåv
hlåvbrüttə
hlåvgang
hlåvhwa̋ tə
hlåvlást
Hlåvmessdäy
Hlåvmesstíd
Hlåvmessə
hlåvovn
hlåvrakə
hlåvseynung
hlåvward
hlåvyəbrek (-yəbrok)
hlåvëtə
hlåvərd
hlåvərddóm
hlåvərdgift
hlåvərdhold
hlåvərdhüldə
hlåvərding
hlåvərdlik
hlåvərdláƨ
hlåvərdsaru
hlåvərdscepə
hlåvərdswikdóm
hlåvərdswíkung
hlåvərdswïkə
hlåvərdsókn
hlåvərdwërk
hlåvərdþrümm
hlåw
hläd
hläddisc
hlädhwe̋ l
hlädl
hlädn
hlädtrendl
hläst
hlästing
hlästscip
hlästən wk. I
jumping (in gymnastics)
erratic, desultory
lapwing
low gate
to leap, bound
jumper (as in athletics, gymnastics)
female jumper
to caper
loaf
slave in charge of the bread store?
attendance at, or participation in, a meal; partaking of the Eucharist
bread-wheat
want of loaves, want of bread
Lammas-day
Lammas-tide
Lammas (August 1)
baker’s oven
oven-rake
blessing of loaves (bread) on Lammas-day
head of a noble’s kitchen
bit of bread
dependant
master over slaves and servants of a household
patronage
grant by the master of a household
devoted to the master of a household
devotion to the master of a household
son of the master of a household
masterly, lordly
without a master
masterly artifice
lordship, authority
high treason, treason to the master of a household
betrayal of the master of a household
traitor to the master of a household
visitation by the master of a household
masterpiece
masterly force
artificial mound, burial mound, tumulus, barrow
load; charge (also electr.), recharge; refilling
loaded dish
water-wheel, wheel for drawing up water
ladle
something to carry loads
loading-wheel
cargo, freight
loading of cargo
cargo ship
to load the cargo on a ship, plane, train, or other vehicle
294
hläyliən wk. II
hläħtr
hläħtrbérə
hläħtrful
hläħtriən wk. II
hläħtrlik
hläħtrsmið
hla̋ drstäv
hla̋ drwürt
hla̋ drə
hla̋ niən wk. II
hla̋ nnes
hla̋ nƨiən wk. II
hla̋ nə adj.
hla̋ nən
hla̋ vdyə
hla̋ vdə
hlé
hlép
hlét
winnings
hléwerd adj.
hléwerdəƨ adv.
hlëking
hlëksum
hlëkən str. V
hlënrtár
hle̋
hle̋ bord
hle̋ burʒ
hle̋ drüħn
hle̋ fäst
hle̋ lorə
hle̋ láƨ
hle̋ méy
hle̋ niən wk. II
hle̋ nəð
hle̋ r
hle̋ rbolstr
hle̋ rbån
hle̋ rbërʒ
hle̋ rdropə
hle̋ rfáng
hle̋ rlíkə
hle̋ rscam
hle̋ rsleyə
hle̋ rtorħt
hle̋ scorp
hle̋ stól
to convulse with laughter
laughter
hilarious, causing laughter
full of laughter, laughing a lot
to deride, laugh at
ridiculous, laughable
laughter-maker, funny person
rung of a ladder
ladderwort, Jacob’s ladder
ladder
to make skinny, starve
state of being skinny or thin, thinness, skinniness
to emaciate
skinny, thin
to lean (tr.)
mistress over slaves and servants of a household
bread rations
lee
headway, progress, advance?
lot (received), share, what is received by lot or chance; fortune, hap; lottery
leeward
to leeward
cohesion
cohesive
to cohere
hyssop
shelter, covering, protection
‘protective board’, OE = book-cover
protecting city
protector, patron
protecting, consoling
one who has lost protection or a protector
without shelter, comfortless
kinsman who is bound to afford shelter or protection
to cherish
a shelter (= building or institution for protection, refuge, etc.)
face
small pillow
cheekbone
face-protection, helmet that covers the face
teardrop
portrait (painting)
portrait (photograph)
shame such that one does not want to show one’s face
blow to the face
beautiful, comely
protective accssories
protected seat
295
hle̋ tən str. II
to cast lots, draw lots; to decide by chance
̋
hleðr
that which is heard by an audience, performance, whether music, oratory
speech, theatrical performance, comedic performance, auctioning, auditory exhibit, or other; also any great or
tremendous sound considered deliberate, such as the voice of God or fanfare
hle̋ ðrhó
intermission (in a performance)
hle̋ ðrhúƨ
theatre, concert hall, opera house, reception hall
hle̋ ðriən wk. II
to perform (before an audience), deliver a speech; recite (a poem, before an
audience); give (a lecture)
speech; monologue, soliloquy
hle̋ ðrkwidə
hle̋ ðrkümə
coming with fanfare
hle̋ ðrrecəd
auditorium
hle̋ ðrung
performing, performance; speech
hle̋ ðrungstrı̋ n
repertoire
hle̋ ðrərə
performer; orator
hlídən str. I
to open or close, swing open or closed (as a door or lid)
to count (on), depend (on), trust (that)
hlítən str. I
hlíviən wk. II
to tower (over)
hlíviəndə
towering
hlíʒən str. I?
to attribute to
hlïməkə
speedwell
hlïnbedd
sickbed, gurney
hlïndur
angled or horizontal door
hlïniən wk. II
to lean (intr.); to recline, lie down, rest (esp. niðərhlïniən)
hlïniənd
one who leans or reclines
hlïnrecəd
rest and rehabilitation building
hlïnung
leaning; reclining, rest
to slope, incline
hlïðiən wk. II
hlı̋ riən wk. II
to blow out the cheeks, puff out the cheeks
hlı̋ wing
sheltering, warming, protection
hlı̋ wk adj.
mild (of temperature)
warmth, state of being sheltered or away from the wind or cold
hlı̋ wnes
hlı̋ wstedə
sheltered site, site away from the cold and wind
hlı̋ wð
shelter (chiefly in fig. senses), warmth, sheltered location
hlı̋ wə adj.
sheltered, warm, sunny (facing the sun)
greenhouse
hlı̋ wə
hlı̋ wən wk. I
to shelter, warm
hlı̋ ƨbérə
reputed (e.g. the reputed owner)
hlı̋ ƨful
reputable
hlı̋ ƨi
of good repute, reputable
hlı̋ ƨádi
renowned
hlı̋ ƨádines
renown
̋
hlıƨə
repute, reputation
hlówing
lowing, mooing (= yəhlów)
hlówən
to low, moo
hlóð
gang, band (esp. of malefactors)
hlóðbót
penalty (as atonement) imposed on a gang of malefactors or a member thereof
hlóðiən wk. II
to maraud; to wander as a gang
hlóðsläħt
murder by gang
hlóðyəkrud
bullying by gangs
296
hlóðərə
hlóƨstedə
hlóƨə
hlúd adj.
hlúdklïpl
hlúdnes
hlúdstemnə
hlúdswőy
hlúdə
hlútr
hlútriən wk. II
hlútrnes
hlüniən wk. II
hlünn
hlünnən
hlünƨiən wk. II
hlüsnən wk. I
hlüst
hlüsting
hlüstlik
hlüstma̋ lə
hlüstən wk. I
hlüstəndə adj.
hlütm
hlütmən
hlüttə
hlütə
hlűd
hlűdi
hlűding
Hlűdə
hlűdə
hlűdən
hlűr
hlűtrən
hlűðsum
hlűðən
hnappiən wk. II
hnekkə
hnescde̋ r
hnesciən wk. II
hnesclik
hnescnes
hnescsoðən
hnescə adj.
hnevə
hnippən wk. I
hnok
hnoll
marauder
site of a quarantine
quarantine
loud
loud, clear
loudness; volume (of a radio, etc.)
loud-voiced
loud, noisy
loud noise or sound
transparent (also fig.); clean, pure, clear (water)
to be transparent, let in light
transparency; purity, clarity (of water)
to toll (a bell)
a noise
to make a noise, disturb, be unquiet; to toll (bell)
to sound, ring, peal
to listen
hearing (sense)
sound (of something)
acoustic, auditory
audiometer
to sound (a certain way, sound good, sound easy, sound like)
sounding, having a certain sound
arbitration by lot
to decide by lot, arbitrate by lot
arbiter by lot
the drawing/casting of lots; lottery
clamour; racket, tumult; dissension
clamorous, vocal
raising of the voice, vociferation, clamor, loud complaint
March
sound of a rushing river or torrent
to clamour, vociferate, make a disturbance, raise the voice
complexion
to clarify
obedient
to obey
to nod (to sleep), doze off
nape of neck, back of neck
mollusk
to make soft, soften
soft, luxurious, effeminate, overly easy (life, etc.)
softness
soft-boiled
soft (opp. hard)
fisticuffs, art or skill of fighting by hand
to deject
wether goat
top of the head
297
hnollscar
tonsure
̋
hnolla
toupée (to cover a bald spot on the top of the head)
hnossiən wk. II
# (OE = to strike, possibly for *cnossian?)
hnot
(orig.) hornless; (now normally) nonthreatening (person, animal, attitude,
situation), safe, noninvasive (question); blunt, dull (edge, knife)
hnut
nut
hnutkërnə
kernel of a nut
hnuttre̋
nut-tree
hnáw adj.
unfriendly, unkind, mean, nasty
hnáwnes
unfriendliness, unkindness, meanness
hnåʒ adj.
bent down, abject, humble, submissive, reverent
hnäpp
bowl (esp. a small bowl for soup, cereal, porridge, etc., contrasted with skål
q.v.)
hnäppən wk. I
to rap (on the shoulder e.g.)
hna̋ ying
neighing
to cause to bow, humble, vanquish
hna̋ yən wk. I
hna̋ yən2 wk. I
to neigh
hne̋ pən str. II
to yank
hnítən
to butt
hníʒən str. I
to bow
to sulk
hnïpiən wk. II
hnït (pl. hnit)
nit
hnïtl adj.
addicted to butting
hnïvl
brow (projection of the skull on which the eyebrows lie)
hnïvlkrumb
bent over and lying on the brow
hnïʒiən wk. II
to lower oneself, lower one’s standards, act disgracefully
hnók
nook (corner or recessed area of a room), alcove
hnögg adj.
stingy
hnöggard
miser
hnöggardlik adj.
miserly
hnüylən
clippings, trimmings (of hair, bushes, trees), broken or stripped off twigs,
leaves, etc. (esp. in preparation for use), discarded things, refuse, rubbish
hobin
hobby
hoblən wk. I
to hobble
to move suddenly upward or forward from a sitting position (and usually fall
hoccən wk. I
back to one’s original position), such as when one wakes suddenly from snoozing, or to get comfortable
hocpott
hotchpot (or: hotchpotch?)
hoddə
hod
hoggə
male piglet
hokk
marsh mallow
hokkláv
= hokk
hokr
ridicule
hokriən wk. II
to ridicule
hokrwürdi
ridiculing, derisive
hokyə
hockey (field- wang- or ice- íƨ-)
hokət
hiatus
hol n., adj.
(adj.) hollow; (n.) a hollow (as in a tree or rock), hollow place
hold adj.
devoted (to someone), deeply loyal with affection; devout (to a religion or
faith)
298
hold
carcass (especially to be cut up into meat, cf. hråw)
holdhlåvərd
devoted master
holdiən wk. II
to disembowel, cut up
holdlik
doting
holdmann
devotee
holdrédən
attachment (emotion), ties
holdscepə
devotion, deep loyalty and affection
holdungstów
slaughterhouse (for the butchering of carcasses)
holing
hollow place
holiən wk. II
to hollow out
holk
cavity
holki
having cavities
holkressə
some plant
holkən wk. I
to excavate, dig out
Holland
Holland
Hollandisc
of Holland
hollák
scallion
holm
island in a freshwater river, stream, or lake; islet
holnes
hollowness; a hollow
holpənlik adj.
to be helped
holstav
apex, tittle
holt
timber (standing or freshly hewn trees for use as a source of wood (cf.
timbr)); also uncut tree-trunk used as building beam (though branches are removed)
holthanə
woodcock
holtwud
timber (= first meaning of holt)
holá interj.
hello (there)! (to excite attention)
animal’s hole, burrow, lair, or den; small, sheltered valley or depression;
holʒ
secluded spot
holən adj.
concealed; latent
holən
holly
holly-bark
holənbark
holənláv
holly leaf
holənstubb
holly-stump
holət
little cavity or hollow
homage (act or token of fealty)
homájə
Hondúras
Honduras
Hondúrisc
Honduran
honiscən wk. I
to degrade
hontuƨ adj.
(of children) naughty; (of adults) reprehensible
hontájə
(of children) naughtiness; (of adults) reprehensibility
honur
honour, an honour, honouring
honurlik
honorary
honurən
to honour
honəst
honourable
hop
dry land surrounded by and rising above a marsh
hopful adj.
hopeful
hopiən wk. II
to hope
hopláƨ adj.
hopeless
hopp
head of flax
299
hoppiən wk. II
to hop
hoppskocə
hopscotch
hoppə
hop(s) (plant)
hoppərə
dancer
hoppəstrə
female dancer
hoppətən
to jump about, jump for joy
hopə
hope
hord
hoard; reserve(s) of money or capital
city with reserves of money or capital
hordburʒ
hordfät
vessel for hoarding or keeping
hordiən wk. II
to hoard; to keep (reserves of money or capital)
hordklëvə
hoarding-cabinet
hordkovə
small room where things are hoarded
hordlokə
treasure-chest, coffer
hordmåðm
present from a hoard
hordmäyn
wealth in reserve
hordward
guardian of a hoard
hordwirðə adj.
worth hoarding
hordwëlə
hoarded wealth
hordwërðung
honouring by gifts from a hoard
hordwünn
joy of hoarding
hordyät
entrance to a treasure-chamber
hordyəstrı̋ n
hoarded treasure
hordərn
storehouse, place where things are hoarded
hordərwíkə
office of treasurer
hoarder; treasurer
hordərə
horlojə
timepiece (clock, watch, sundial, hourglass)
hormón
hormone
horn
horn (mostly anatomical, not usually the instrument or drinking-vessel,
though these meanings are often found in old compounds)
hornblåwərə
hornblower
hornborə
horn-bearer, horned animal
hornboʒə
bow made of horn or tipped with horn
hornbérə
horn-bearing, horned
cornea
hornfilmən
hornfisc
garfish
hornfótədə
hoofed
hornláƨ
hornless
hornpík
pinnacle
hornscip
beaked ship
hornselə
hall with gables
hornsäl
room with a gable over it
hornyáp
broad between the gables
hornədə
horned, having horns
hors
horse
horsbér
horse-litter
horsgräƨtún
meadow in which horses are kept
horsherə
mounted force
horshirdə
horse-rancher
300
horshwäl
walrus
horsiən wk. II
to provide with horses
horsk
quick-witted, witty
horskamb
horse-comb
horsknëħt
groom, esquire
horskrät
biga, chariot
horsmann
equestrian
horsmannscepə
equestrianism
horsmaħt
horsepower
horsmintə
wild mint
horspäð
horse-track
horsscó
horseshoe
horsspürd
hippodrome
equerry
horswalʒ
horsward
care of horses
horswaʒn
horsedrawn carriage
horswey
bridle path, bridle road
horswäyn
chariot
horsëlnə
elecampane
horsþeyn
groom, hostler
stable
horsərn
hortə
whortleberry
horu
excrement, discharge, excretion (especially when on surfaces), defilement:
feces, urine, phlegm, semen, spit, blood (especially when these are lying about or on something as filth)
horupütt
privy, outhouse
horusáð
privy, outhouse
horuwällə
sewer
horwi, horwiħt
foul, nasty
horwiən wk. II
to befoul, defile
horʒ
excretion(s)
like excretions, nasty, runny, nasty and runny
horʒi
horʒiən wk. II
to excrete
horʒlik
excretive, excretory, excretionary
hosk
contumely
hosp
insult
hospkwidə
insulting words
hosplik
insulting
hospspréc
insulting speech, tirade
hospword
insulting word, contemptuous expression
hospətən
to put down, belittle
hostel
hostel
hotrən wk. I
to vibrate vertically, as when one travels over a rough surface
Hottentot
Hottentot
hottə
a basket or pannier for carrying earth, sand, lime, manure, etc.
hov
inn, public house; in compounds house or building lodging persons not of the
same family or household (such as a hotel, a prison, a brothel, a residence, a senior’s home)
hovding
bigwig, bigshot, V.I.P.
hovhaldərə
innkeeper
hovlik
pertaining to an inn
301
hovr
hump
hovrədə
humpbacked
hovward
innkeeper
natural mound; isolated hill; eminence; drumlin
howʒ
howə
hoe
hoydn
tomboy
hoynən wk. I
to gripe
hoðmə
grotto
hoʒ
care, careful thought, solicitude, delicate attention, sensitivity (to someone’s
feelings, etc.)
hoʒ adj.
careful, solicitous, attentive
hoʒful
full of careful thought, careful, solicitous, attentive
hoʒfulnes
carefulness (in thought)
hoʒfäst
cautious, wise
hoʒiən wk. II
to think carefully (about), be cautious, careful (especially in thought), or
solicitous; be delicately attentive (to a problem, sensitive matter, etc.)
doubtful, critical, serious, delicate, precarious (all = requiring careful thought)
hoʒlik
hoʒmód
pensive
hoʒung
= hoʒ
hoƨ
tendril
hose-band, garter
hoƨbend
hoƨə
hose (item of clothing), pantyhose
hradiən wk. II
to be punctual or prompt
hradung
punctuality, promptness
hrakkə
back of the head (esp. the round knoblike protrusion of the back of the head)
hraklik adj.
pharyngeal
uvula
hraktungə
hrakyəbrék
sore throat
hrakə
pharynx
hrammə
throe
wild (broad-leaved) garlic Allium ursinum
hramƨə
hramƨəkroppə
head of wild garlic
hran
beluga whale
hrap adj.
breakneck
hraping
fall, plunge; (airplane) crash; rush, precipitate motion
hraplik adj.
headlong, impetuous, precipitate
hraprenn
downhill race
hraprennən wk. I
to race downhill; n. downhill racing
hrapscrið
downhill skiing
hrapscríðən str. I
to ski downhill
hrapstån
meteorite
hrapstërrə
shooting star, meteor
hrapə
impetuosity, precipitateness
hrapən wk. I
to fall down, plunge; to crash (of aircraft); rush, speed, be precipitate; hurtle
or tumble downhill
hratlə
bobonica (plant)
hraðiən wk. II
to be quick, come quickly, do quickly, put briefly, etc.
hraðung
quickness, despatch, diligence
hraðə
quickly, fast
302
hraðəmúƨ
hredding
hreddən
hreddərə
hregg
hremming
hremmən wk. I
hrepping
hreppən
hrer
hrespən wk. I
hreym
hreymən wk. I
hreðr
hreðrbalu
hreðrgláw
hreðrkovə, hreðrlokə
hridr
hridriən wk. II
hrimpən
hrindən str. III
hrinfenəstr
hring
hringboʒə
hringbån
hringdanƨ
hringfingr
hringfåʒ
hringiən wk. II
hringlik
hringlokə
hringlət
hringmerə
hringmél
hringmélədə
hringnakə
hringnett
hringpütt
hringselə
hringsetl
hringsittənd
hringwällə
hringwërðung
hringwíƨə
hringwürm
hringyät
hringyəwindlə
hringådl
hringíƨərn
bat (animal)
liberation, salvation, getting rid of something
to free, free someone of something, rid someone of something
liberator
downblast (of air in a storm)
cumbrance, obstacle
to cumber, hamper, hinder
appurtenance, relation, concern, connection, interest
to pertain to, concern, have relation or connection to, have to do with
(of eggs) left soft in cooking; (of meat) underdone, rare
to sack
a continuous repetition of the same sound or word
to continuously repeat the same sound or word
core; essence; heart (of the matter)
destruction to the core
deeply perceptive or discerning
fig. breast, chest
riddle (type of sieve)
to sift with a riddle
to wrinkle
to prod
touch screen
ring (closed)
something curled so as to meet itself and form a ring
ring-shaped bone
ring-dance (the former meaning of ‘carol’)
ringfinger
ring-spotted
to form a ring, encircle, adorn with a ring
annular
coat of ring-mail
ringlet
ring-shaped lake
ring-like pattern
adorned with ring-like patterns
ring-prowed vessel
ring-mail
round pit
hall in which rings are bestowed
circus
spectator, onlooker (at a ring-shaped auditorium or circus)
circular well
ring-decoration (military decoration, etc.)
ringwise, in rings
ringworm
ring-shaped entrance
= yəwindlə
a disease, ringworm?
ring-mail
303
hringə
hringəd
hringədstävnə
hrinjən
hrinə
hrinənlik adj.
hrip
hripl
hriv
hrivfinn
hrivwund adj.
hrivwärk
hrot
hroʒ
hroʒn
hroʒə
hroƨənlik
hroƨənnes
hrukk
hrukkən wk. I
hrukə
hrumpən adj.
hrung
hrunə (v. Koebler, hruna)
hrurl
hruvə
hruxliən wk. II
hruð
hruðiən wk. II
hrá adj.
hrád
hrák
hrákmetə
hrám
hrån
hråw
nature)
hråwfäll
hråwlik
hråwwőri
hråwyívrə adj.
hråʒrə
hräd
hrädd
hräddə
hräddən wk. I
hrädlik
hrädnes
hrädrípə
horizon
ringed, made of rings
ring-prowed ship
to ring (make the sound)
contact, strike, meeting, hit
tangible
fish-basket
(flax-, hemp-) ripple (kind of comb)
abdomen
pelvic/ventral fin
sore in the abdomen
pain in the abdomen
(oil-)slick
rheum
turbot
fish-roe, the mass of eggs in the ovarian lining of fish
unstable, easily destroyed or ruined, perishable (of buildings, etc.)
downfall, ruin
crease
to crease
garbage-pile, garbage-heap; pile for burning, pile of combustible materials
wrinkled
rung of a ladder, cross-bar, rod connecting legs of a chair, etc.
squared-off trunk of a tree, large roughly hewn beam
deciduous
eczema
to flip-flop
shiver
to shiver
crude (unrefined, unprocessed, of materials, natural resources, etc.)
adornment, decking out
rick, heap, stack
food given to labourers on completion of a rick
hoot(ing), holler(ing)
reindeer
(dead) remains, carcass (especially lying on the ground or elsewhere in
falling dead (of an animal)
pertaining to dead carcasses
exhausted to the point of death
feeding on carcasses (of animals)
heron
punctual, prompt
frightened
fright
to frighten (esp. suddenly)
early, ahead of time
punctuality, promptness
ripening early
304
hränn
hrännflotə
hrätlwürt
hrävn
hrävnkünn
hrävnəƨfót
hrävnəƨlák
hräw
hräwnes
hräyl
hräylcest
hräylhúƨ
hräylscérə
hräyltäl
hräylyəwéd
hräylþeyn, hräylward
hräð
hräðbank
hräðbïtə
hräðférnes
hräðhüydi
hräðhüydínes
hräðlik
hräðliknes
hräðmód
hräðtävl
hräðwillnes
hräðwillə
hräðwríting
hräðwrítən str. I
hräðwäyn
hräðwürdi
hrécə, hrécing
hrécən
hrécətən
hrékə
hrémi
hrémən wk. I
hrérən wk. I
hrëniən wk. II
hrëpiən wk. II
hrëplik
hrëpung
hrëpyəwrit
hre̋ d
hre̋ dbedd
hre̋ di, hre̋ diħt
hre̋ dkünn
hre̋ dpípərə
tide
‘tide-fleet’?#(OE = ship)
rattlewort
raven
raven-species
ravensfoot, cinquefoil
orchid
raw
rawness
garment; hräyləƨ clothes
clothes-chest, trunk
vestiary
tailors’ shears
clothing inventory
choice apparel
keeper of robes
fast, quick
automated teller machine (ATM)
blackbeetle
fast march
quick-thinking
quick thinking
premature (reaction, ejaculation), overly early, sudden, unanticipated
prematurity, overearliness, suddenness
quick-tempered
quick at throwing dice?
haste, overeagerness
hasty, overeager
shorthand, stenography
to take shorthand
swift chariot
quick of speech, fast-speaking
clearing of the throat
to bring up phlegm, clear the throat, “hawk”
to hawk repeatedly
phlegm
clamorous, loud, noisy
to hoot, holler
to bring down, destroy, cause to fall
to be fragrant
to treat of, touch on, address (issues, concerns), deal with
topical
topic
essay
reed
reed-bed
reedy
reed-species, kind of reed
player of a reed instrument
305
hre̋ dən str. II
to adorn
̋
hrel
reel
hre̋ liən wk. I
to wind on a reel
hre̋ ri
dilapidated, rundown, decrepit
hre̋ v adj.
dry, rough (skin); dry (cake, bread, meat)
hre̋ ving
flake of skin
hre̋ vl adj.
leprous
hre̋ vlik adj.
#
̋
hrevlådl
leprosy
hre̋ vlə
leper
̋
hrevnes
dry or rough skin; dryness of food
hre̋ w
penitence, repentance, remorse, contrition
̋
hrewcäri
regretful, sad
hre̋ wful
rueful
hre̋ wi
remorseful, penitent
regrettable, grievous, unfortunate, pitiful
hre̋ wlik
hre̋ wmód
remorseful, penitent
hre̋ wnes
penitence, contrition, repentance
hre̋ wən str. II
to affect one with contrition; mé hre̋ wəð I repent, I am penitent, I am
remorseful, etc.
fender, bumper; (Hist.) phalanx
hre̋ðə
̋
hreʒ adj.
rough, stormy, tempestuous; fierce, violent, wild; disturbed, crazy
hre̋ ʒ
stormy weather, tempest
hre̋ ʒful, hre̋ ʒlik
stormy, tempestuous
hre̋ ʒmód
fierce, ferocious, wild, crazy, disturbed
to fall precipitously, tumble, crash (e.g. of the stock market); to fall to ruin; be
hre̋ƨən str. II
destroyed, defeated, overthrown, or ruined
hre̋ƨəndlik
perishable, ruinable
hríkiən wk. II
to become riddled with cracks
hrím
rime
hrímfrost
hoarfrost
hrími
rimy
hrímihard
frozen hard
hrímyekl
icicle
to touch
hrínən str. I
hríslə
rattle (sound)
hrístən wk. I
to make a rattling noise (not necessarily with a rattle)
hrívə
small hand-held rake
hríð
head of (bovine) cattle, cow or bull
hríðfaləd
cattle-pen
hríðr
(bovine) cattle
hríðrfaləd
cattle-pen
hríðrfrı̋ lƨ
holiday originally about the sacrifice of cattle
hríðrhirdə
cattle-herdsman
hríðrháwərə
(beef-)butcher
hríðrhërd
herd of cattle
hríðrən
of cattle
hríƨ
twigs and small branches on a growing tree
hríƨi,hríƨiħt
covered in twigs and small branches
306
hríƨl
bone of the lower arm, radius
hrïviən wk. II
to bring forth from the bowels of something
hrïƨiən wk. II
to shake, quake
hrïƨzentr
epicentre
hrı̋ vð
dandruff
hrı̋ wð
feeling sorry for something or someone
hrı̋ wðful
ruthful
hrı̋ wðláƨ
ruthless
hrı̋ wƨiən wk. II
to repent
hrı̋ wƨung
repentance
hrók
rook (bird)
hróm
(immodest) glory, pride
hróp
shout; (without article) shouting
to shout
hrópən str. VII
hrór adj.
stirring, busy, active
hrórə
commotion, activity
hróst
roost, perch
hróv
roof; ceiling
hróvfäst
with a firm roof or ceiling
hróvláƨ
roofless, having no ceiling
convertible (car)
hróvláƨə
hróvpannə
pantile
hróvselə
roofed hall
hróvstån
roofstone
hróvtimbr
material for a roofing
hróvtïʒl
roof-shingle, roof-tile
hróvwürħtə
roofmaker
hróðr
solace
hróƨ
compliment
hróƨən wk. I
to compliment
cairn; a heap or breastwork of stones used as a defense against rifle fire
hröyƨə
hrőmi
vaunting
hrőmən wk. I
to vaunt
hrőpword
expletive, profanity
to curse, swear
hrőpən wk. I
hrőrnes
commotion
hrőrən wk. I
to move (about, tr.)
hrővən wk. I
to roof
hrőð
triumph
hrőði adj.
triumphant
hrőðláƨ
inglorious, shamefaced
hrőðsïʒr
glorious victory, triumph
hrőðádi
glorious, victorious
hrőðən wk. I
to triumph
hrúdə f.(v. rūde in Anglo-Saxon Dict.)
mole (on skin)
hrúkən wk. I
to huddle together
hrúm
coating, surface accumulation (of dust, etc.), dusting (of icing sugar, etc.)
hrúmi
having a surface accumulation, dusting, or coating; coated, dusted
hrút
indigo
307
hrútən str. II
hrúƨə (hruƨə?)
hrücg
hrücgbån
hrücgbérə adj.
hrücgbéyəls
hrücgbőƨming
hrücgde̋ r
hrücghár
hrücgl
are improperly developed
hrücgláƨ adj.
hrücgláƨde̋ r
hrücgmärʒ
hrücgribb
hrücgriblə
hrücgsådə
hrücgwey
hrücgwóʒ
hrücgådl
hrümpl
hrünskálə
hrünə
hrürə
hrüsc
hrüscən
hrüst
hrüstwrítərə
hrüstyəwrit
hrüstən
hrűtə
huccə
hudlən wk. I
hudri adj.
hudrən wk .I
huffən wk. I
hugg
huggən wk. I
huk
hukkən wk. I
hukkəryə
hukkərə
hul
hulk
hulkə
hulstr
hulvr
hulvəstrə
hulyər
to snore
(top)soil
spine, backbone; ridge, elevated surface; bridge (of the nose)
backbone, spine
vertebrate
lordosis
kyphosis
vertebrate (animal)
hair on a quadruped’s back
an animal which has been imperfectly castrated or spayed, or whose genitals
invertebrate
invertebrate (animal)
spinal marrow
rib on the rear side of the body
flesh on either side of the spine
spinal cord
road on a ridge
scoliosis
polio(myelitis)
wrinkle
(musical) key
(musical) note
fall, downfall, descent, ruin, destruction, decay
sound of an impact, collision, blow, jarring, friction
to make a noise from collision, impact, a blow, jarring, friction
decoration
calligrapher
calligraphy
to decorate
olive, khaki (colour)
chest of drawers
to huddle
cuddly
to cuddle
to huff, slight
hug
to hug
hip of a cow or horse
to hawk, sell
huckster’s trade
huckster
hull (of grain, seeds, peas, beans, nuts)
hulk
great awkward fellow, oaf
holster
dogwood
plover
pimp
308
hulƨ
humblən wk. I
humdrum adj.
hummən wk. I
haw
hump
humpən wk. I
hun
Hun
Hunisc adj.
hund
hundlik
hundrəd adj., n.
hundrəd twenti ån
hundrəd twenti
hundrəd ån
hundrədfald
hundrədfót
hundrədmann
hundrədpenning
office
hundrədsetn
hundrədsókn
hundrədwintrə
hundrədyəmót
hundrədə adj.
hundrədə da̋ l
hundscalk, hundþeyn
hundən adj.
hundəƨfle̋ʒə
hundəƨhád
hundəƨkwelkə
hundəƨlúƨ
hundəƨmicgə, -tungə
hundəƨpı̋
hundəƨwürm
hungr
hungrbitən
hungri
hungrlik
hungrla̋ w adj.
hungrnád
hungryér
huni
hunibinn
hunibérə adj.
huniflówəndə adj.
hunigavl
hunikamb
racket, noise; fuss, commotion
to make a booming sound
humdrum
to make a sound without opening the mouth, mutter, grumble, hem, hum and
hummock (esp. in U.S. sense)
to walk unsteadily, stagger
some disease
Hun
Hunnish
dog
canine
one hundred; hundred (political district)
a hundred and twenty-one
a hundred and twenty
a hundred and one
hundredfold
centipede
centurion (or: captain of one hundred men)
contribution levied by the sheriff or lord of the hundred for the support of his
rules of the hundred
attendance at the hundred-moot
one hundred years old
hundred-moot
hundredth
a hundredth (part)
attendant on dogs
of dogs, canine
type of fly or external parasite that pesters dogs
snapdragon
colocynth
dog-louse
cynoglossum (plant)
dog’s parasite
dog’s worm or internal parasite
hunger
‘hunger-bitten’, starving
hungry, famished
of hunger
famishing, starving
famine
famine-year
honey
‘honey-bin’, vessel for honey
honey-bearing
flowing with honey
rent paid in honey
honeycomb
309
huniswőtə
hunisúʒə
hunitár
huniäppl
hunk
hunkrən wk. I
hunkətən
huntijə
huntiən wk. II
huntung
huntə
huntəð
huntəðfór
hupiən wk. II
hurakan
hurd
hurdeys
hurklən wk. I
hurlən wk. I
hurruk
hurrən wk. I
hurtlən wk. I
hurə
huscən wk. I
husk
husklik
huskword
huskə
huslən wk. I
huspilən w. I
huttə
huvl
huʒisc
huʒiən wk. II
huʒláƨ
huʒə
huʒəd
hwakk
hwakkən wk. I
hwall
hwalv adj.
hwalv
hwalvþäk
hwalvən wk. I
hwamm
hwammstån
hwan
hwannə
hwanən
honey-sweet, mellifluous
honeysuckle
honey which drips from the comb
variety of apple
hunk, chunk (of bread, meat, etc.)
to hunker
to lag?
huntress
to hunt
hunting
hunter
hunt
hunting expedition
to retreat (in the face of danger, opposition, difficulty)
hurricane
billboard
hoarding (temporary fence around a site of construction or repair, see OED)
to shrink from cold or pain, draw in the limbs because of cold or pain
to hurl, hurtle (throw)
the part of a boat between the sternmost seat and the stern
to whir
to slam into, hit (esp. of fast-moving objects or persons)
skullcap
to hush up
sarcasm; sarcastic, caustic or snide remark(s)
sarcastic
sarcastic, caustic, or snide remark
dogfish
to hustle, push roughly
to clobber
small heap (e.g. of dung, dust, sand, etc.)
hovel
moody
to be pensive, brood, mull over
emotionless, insensate, unfeeling
mood, state of mind, emotional state
minded, disposed, of a certain mind
whack
to whack
flamboyant, flaunting
arched, vaulted
vault (arched ceiling, roof, or covering of masonry)
dome
to turn upside down, turn over
prominence, edge created by the meeting of two or more planes
cornerstone
to what degree, how
when, at what time
whence, from where
310
hwanənhuʒ
from somewhere about
hwarfliən wk. II
to develop, evolve (of events, circumstances, situations, etc., but also of living
things by evolution)
hwarflung
evolution, development
hwarft
turn of events, development
to pronounce the letter r with a uvular articulation
hwarlən wk. I
hwarnə
at all
hwarv
shift, change, turn, progression
to migrate; to wander, roam (so esp. ümhwarviən); inhwarviən to
hwarviən wk. II
immigrate; úthwarviən to emigrate
hwarviənd
migrant
hwarvlik
migratory
hwarvung, hwarvnes
migration
hwat
omen
hwatiən wk. II
to augur
hwatlik
ominous
hwatung
augury
hwatə
augur
hwatənd
iris Illyrica (plant)
hwelkə
pustule
hwelp
puppy, pup
hwemm
corner (especially convex)
hwemmleyk
baseball (game)
hwemmtrində
baseball (ball)
hwemmən
to turn or incline sharply
hwen conj.
whether
in what case, when
hwennə
hwer
pressure-cooker, food-boiler
hwerhwettə
cucumber
hwetstån
whetstone
hwetting
stimulation
to whet, sharpen; stimulate, excite
hwettən
hwettənd
n. stimulant; adj. stimulating, stimulative
hweðən
why, how (a consequence of what?)
locker, locked chest or trunk
hwiccə
hwid
a quick noiseless movement, as of a hare
hwidər
whither, to where
hwidərhuʒ
somewhither (about)
hwiflən wk. I
to blow in puffs or slight gusts; to blow or drive by puffs of air
hwigg
buttermilk
hwikiən wk. II
to squeak (of mice, etc.)
hwikung
squeaking (of mice, etc.)
hwilk adj.
which, what (of several or many)
hwilkhuʒ
pron. one (of them, of all); adj. some, whatever, whichever
hwilknes
identity (e.g. of a criminal)
hwilpə
curlew
hwimpriən wk. II
to whimper
hwin
swamp grass
hwinyən wk. I
to whinny
311
hwinƨiən wk. II
to whine
hwinƨung
whining
hwip
the sound of a sword being drawn from its sheath
to whip (out, off, about, away, in, etc., not “flog”)
hwippən wk. I
hwirl
whirl
hwirlfloʒə
helicopter
hwirligigg
whirligig
hwirlwind
whirlwind
hwirlən
to whirl
hwirrən wk. I
(of business, economy, etc.) to be booming; (of an engine) to go full throttle
hwiscətən wk. I
to scritch, squeak, make a high-pitched but muffled sound
hwisliən wk. II
to whistle
hwislung
whistling
whistle
hwislə
hwislərə
whistler
hwispr
whisper, whispered voice
to whisper
hwispriən wk. II
hwisprung
whispering
hwonən
from what time
hwoppən wk. I
to whop
whorl (bot., zool.)
hworlə
hwoðriən wk. II
to surge, foam, break (of surf)
hwump
whump
hwurvl adj.
fickle
hwurvlnes
fickleness
hwár
where
hwárhuʒ
somewhere about
hwå
who (pron.); someone, anyone (somebody, anybody)
hwäl
whale
hwälhuntə
whale-hunter
whalehunt, whaling
hwälhuntəð
hwälmerə, hwälwey
sea
hwälmən wk. I
to whelm
hwälvən
to arch, bend over in a curve
whale-like
hwälən adj.
hwärvhåwərə
kaleidoscope
hwärvən wk. I
to shift (esp. ‘change position slightly’, but also ‘change’); to turn (in any
direction or into something or to another condition or state); to turn, change (e.g. of the seasons, weather);
ümhwärvən to turn around (trans.), reverse; yəhwärvən to convert (religiously, also fig. in tastes, attitudes,
etc.); yäynhwärvən to revert
hwäss
piercing, sharp; shrill; caustic (wit, humour, remark)
hwät adj.
sharp-witted, pert (generally with a negative connotation, cf. snell)
hwät pron.
what (pron.); something, anything
hwäthuʒ
slightly, somewhat
hwätmód
pert, saucy
hwätnəs
sharpness of wit, pertness
hwätréd
having a precise plan
hwätscepə
pertness, sharp wit
hwäy
whey
312
hwäðər
which of two
hwäðərə
however
hwa̋ tgrüttəƨ
wheaten grits
hwa̋ thalm
wheat-straw
hwa̋ tkorn
wheat-grain, wheet seed
hwa̋ tkroft
wheat-croft
hwa̋ tkünn
species of wheat
hwa̋ tland
wheat-land
̋
hwatmëlu
wheat-meal
hwa̋ tsmëdmə
wheat-flour
̋
hwatwästm
wheat-plant
hwa̋ tə
wheat
̋
hwatən
wheaten, of wheat
hwa̋ƨən wk. I
to whish, whoosh (make the sound)
hwést
hush
hwéstriən wk. II
to hush
hwéstrung
hushing, silencing
hwëliən wk. II
to suppurate
hwëlə
= hwelkə, often for a larger one
hwëlən str. IV
to bluster
hwërv
revolution
hwërvbån
rounded end of a bone that meets at a joint
hwërving
circulation
hwërvpól
whirlpool
hwërvə
whorl of a spindle
to go round, go in circles; to circulate; to course; ümhwërvən to revolve;
hwërvən str. III
bəhwërvən to orbit, circle, circuit; yäynhwërvən to return; efthwërvən to recur, come again; edhwërvən to
keep going round, keep revolving
hwëʒə
about, approximately
hwe̋ l
wheel
̋
skateboard
hwelbord
hwe̋ lbärwə
wheelbarrow
hwe̋ lfåʒ
having a circular border or decoration
hwe̋ lråd
rut
a brook that turns a wheel
hwe̋ lríði
hwe̋ lwey
cart-road
hwíl
while
hwílfäk
a space of time
hwílhuʒ
for some time
hwílstüccə
short space of time
hwíltídəm
at times
hwílwendlik
fleeting, ephemeral, evanescent, transitory
hwílwendə
temporary
hwílþråʒ
spell, interval
hwílə
while (conj.), meanwhile, in the meantime (adv.)
hwíləm
sometimes
hwílən
brief, momentary
hwínən str. I
to whizz, hiss, whistle (e.g. of an arrow through the air); whistle, moan (of
wind)
313
hwít
white
hwítfót
white-footed
hwítgóƨ
white goose
hwíthlåv
white bread
hwítingmëlu
whiting-powder
hwítingtre̋
whiting-tree, water-elder
hwítiən wk. II
to be white, shine white
hwítkla̋ vrə
white clover
hwítkorn
#(OE = manna)
hwítkud
mastic
hwítl
blanket
hwítling
albino
hwítlokk(ədə)
fair-haired, (light) blond
hwítlák
white leek
hwítnes, hwítə
whiteness
Hwítsundäy
Whitsun, Whitsuntide, Whitsunday
walleye, leukoma
hwítáʒə
hwítéyə
walleyed, having leukoma
hwítən
to whiten
hwïðə
breeze, air
hwó interj.
whoa
hwón
some; hwónə somewhat
hwónhlotəm
in small quantitities
hwónlik
slight, moderate, not too much (adv. slightly, moderately, a bit, not too, not
overly)
hwópən
to intimidate verbally, shout at (to do or not do something)
hwóstə
cough
hwóƨən str. VII
to cough
hwőnə
a little, somewhat
hwőƨən wk. I
to expectorate (of drug, medicine)
hwürft
circuit (course); lap (of running)
hwürftwey
circular road or path, circuit, orbit
hwürv adj.
dizzy, giddy
hwürvl
circumference, exterior
hwürvling
orb
hwürvlədə
round, circular
hwürvnes
dizziness, giddiness
hwű
why
hyú interj.
whew
hábl adj.
capable
hábling
capacitation, habilitation
háblnes
capability
háblən wk. I
to capacitate, endow with ability or fitness
hácən wk. I
to hatch (cut, engrave, or draw a series of lines, generally parallel, on (a metal,
wood, or paper surface), as for shading, etc.; inlay with strips of another substance or metal for decoration)
hád
head (also fig.); per hád per capita
hádbald adj.
impudent, cheeky, forward
hádbend
head-bond, fetter about the head
hádbenn
wound on the head
314
hádbiscəp
hádbollə
hádbolstr
hádbotl
hádburʒ
hádbáʒ
hádbån
hádbäð
hádbërʒ
hádbërʒ2
hádbërħt adj.
hádecə
hádfrätwə
hádgold
hádgült
hádhamə
hádhebbə
hádhräyl
hádhrı̋ vð
hádhár
hádiħt adj.
hádiən wk. II
hádkirkə
hádklåð
hádkwidə
hádland
hádlik adj.
hádling
hádlokə
hádláƨ adj.
hádläħtr
hádmann
hádmäyn
hádméy
hádmünstr
hádpannə
hádport
hádrest
hádrícə
hádrím
hádrúm
hádsalv
hádseyn
hádsläy
hádsmäl
hádstav
hádstedə
hádstokk
hádstrét
head bishop
skull
bolster for the head, pillow
primary dwelling, home?
capital city
crown (open at one end)
bone of the head
a bath or wash for the head
head-protection, helmet
prominent mountain
with a splendid, shining head (bald)
headache
‘finery for the head or hair’, head-ornaments
golden crown or jewelry
capital offense
headdress (e.g. of American Indians, etc.)
initiator, starter; prime mover
headgarment, kerchief for the head, headdress
dandruff
hair of the head
with a head (chiefly of plants)
to head, be the head of
cathedral
headcloth, headdress
chief statement
headland
capital; principal, chief, main
head, chief
skull
headless
deadly vice (?)
head man, foreman, captain (of a team)
chief strength, forté
chief relative
head monastery, principal monastery
brainpan
chief port(-town)
headrest
chief realm
headcount
headroom, headspace
head-salve
standard, banner
top of a pillar or column (= ‘capital’)
the hole in a garment through which the head passed
capital letter
chief place
stake on which the head of a beheaded criminal was fixed
main street
315
hádstól
seat of authority or dignity; headmaster’s chair; important or official position,
as a professorship or chairmanship
hádstów
place for the head
hádswímə
dizziness, giddiness
hádsår
pain in the head
hádsén
eyesight, eye
hádsünn
deadly sin
hádtäl
cardinal number
hádwalm
upwelling of tears
hádward
one who monitors one who is at risk of dying or being killed
hádwardə
watch over the head, deathwatch
hádwelm
burning pain in the head (?)
hádwey
main thoroughfare, main route
hádwind
chief wind (E, S, W, or N wind)
hádword
headword
hádwund
sore on the head
hádwärk
sharp pain in the head
hádwíƨə
director, chairman, executive
hádwóð
chief oration
hádwürħtə
chief workman
hádyimm
head’s gem, eye
chief (sexual) mate
hádyəmakə
hádyəmäccə
chief match, chief equal, chief rival
hádyərím
headcount = hádrím
hádyəwédə
apparel for the head (hats, scarves, hoods, jewelry, bands, etc.)
hádäkr
a strip of land an acre in extent, lying at the head of a field
cephalic vein
hádédrə
hádþwál
washing of the head
hádədə adj.
having a head
hálə
hydrocele
suffering from hydrocele, ruptured
hálədə adj.
hálən wk. I
to haul (someone somewhere) = to force to go
háml adj.
cheap (person), not generous
hámlscepə
miserliness
hame, collar of a draught horse
hámə
hán adj.
lowly, despised, abject, mean, inferior, poor, pitiable, pathetic
hánhåd
abjection, low self-esteem
hánlik adj.
debased, degraded; beneath one’s dignity
hánmód adj.
downcast, dejected, depressed, sad
hánnes
lowliness, abjection, inferiority, meanness, pitiableness, patheticness, etc.
hánspődi adj.
ineffective, ineffectual? (OE = poor)
háp
heap, pile; mass (incl. of people), number, multitude
hápiən wk. II
to heap up, pile up (intr.); to accumulate; to aggregate (intr.)
hápméləm adv.
in heaps; in large quantities or numbers
hápreynwolkn
cumulonimbus cloud
hápung
accumulation
hápwolkn
cumulus cloud
hápəm adv.
= hápméləm
hár
hair (< Scand)
316
hárgripə
hárgíƨərə
hári adj.
háriħt adj.
hárlokkəƨ pl.
hárnett
hársivə
hárwíƨə
hárþivl
hárə
hásti
hástə
hástən wk. I
háv
háviən wk. II
hávlik adj.
hávsang
háwən str. VII
háyə
háyən wk. II (*hauhōjan)
háð
háðful adj.
háʒ adj.
Háʒ
háʒald adj.
háʒaldr
háʒaldrmann
an executive
háʒaltər
háʒbiscəp
háʒbliss
háʒbodə
háʒburʒ
háʒbërʒ
Andes, maybe Carpathians)
háʒbütlung
háʒbütlə
háʒdaʒəƨ
háʒda̋ l
háʒde̋ r
háʒde̋ rhund
háʒde̋ rhuntə
háʒdíakon
háʒengl
háʒevnət
háʒflód
háʒframəd adj.
háʒfrá
háʒfrı̋ lƨ
grasping of hair
hairstylist, hairdresser
hairy
very hairy, hirsute
locks of hair
hairnet
hair-sieve
hairstyle, hairdo
curling-pin
a cold wet sea-fog or sea-mist
hurried, in a rush; hectic
hurry, rush
to rush, be in a rush, hurry
grief
to grieve
grievous = causing grief, showing or characterized by grief
singing of grief, wailing, keening, dirge
to hew, chop (wood, trees)
shark
to rise (of prices, thermometer, etc.)
disrespect (v. hath in OED)
disrespectful
high
the Hague
august (person)
patrician
officer of the highest rank, magistrate (member of the executive government);
high reredos
pontiff?
exultation
announcer or crier who serves a king
town on a height
high mountain (such as in the Alps, Pyrenées, Caucasus, Himalayas, Rockies,
architecture
architect
heyday, prime, day = time of flourishing, power, glory, success, etc.
highlight (of the day, of the evening, of a presentation, etc.)
any of the various types of deer
deerhound
deer hunter
archdeacon
archangel
plateau
deluge
highly developed, advanced, sophisticated
(male) senior (term of deference for aged men)
great or high festival
317
háʒfrı̋ lƨdäy
day of a great or high festival
̋
háʒfrılƨtíd
time of great of or high festivity
háʒfädər
patriarch
háʒfäst adj.
permanent, immutable, unchanging
háʒfästən
fortress on a height
háʒfűr
towering inferno
háʒgaldr
charm
háʒgnornung
deep sorrow
háʒgod
Most High, God the highest of all
háʒgreft
bas-relief?
háʒgåst
Holy Ghost
háʒheldə
some plant like elecampane
háʒhelm
high canopy (of trees)
háʒhirdə
Good or Great Shepherd, God
háʒhlið
high mountain-slope
of highest transparency; very pure, very clean (of water)
háʒhlútr adj.
háʒhwe̋ lədə adj.
having high wheels, high-wheeled
háʒhápwolkn
altocumulus cloud
háʒhåd
holy order
háʒhäv
high sea fishing station
having high self-esteem (usu. in a good sense)
háʒhërt adj.
háʒhültə
a high-placed shrubbery
háʒhüydi adj.
highminded
háʒhüyə
highmindedness
háʒkliv
high cliff
captain’s quarters (on a ship)
háʒklëvə
háʒkräft
high skill, one of the professions (or their skills) learned at university
háʒkräftyə
one who possesses high skill (learned at university): doctor, lawyer, architect,
engineer, scientist, economist, etc.
háʒkåƨərə
Holy Roman Emperor
high king; God
háʒküng
háʒland
highland(s)
háʒlecgwolkn
altostratus cloud
háʒlik adj.
sublime
love of God or one’s fellow human beings; charity, philanthropy, beneficence
háʒluvə
háʒla̋ rərə
university- or college-level teacher, professor, associate professor, reader, etc.
háʒlécə
senior physician, learned physician
háʒmann
personage (person of high rank, distinction, consideration, or importance)
háʒmaħt
higher power = god, God, or: (high) authority, aristocrat, power elite
háʒmessdäy
high mass day
háʒmessə
high mass
háʒmäyn
intellectual or spiritual strength
háʒmél
maximum
háʒmód adj.
euphoric
háʒmódnes
euphoria
háʒmódr
matriarch
háʒmór
high moor
háʒnamə
most exalted name
háʒnes
Highness; excellence, superiority, sublimity; high rank
318
háʒpuynt
háʒrecəd
háʒrodr
háʒrún
háʒrúnə
háʒsakərd
háʒsangərə
háʒscaðə
háʒscáwərə
háʒscírmann
háʒseld
háʒselə
háʒsetl
háʒsittəndə adj.
háʒskól
háʒskólərə
háʒstedə
háʒstrengð
háʒstrét
háʒstáp adj.
háʒstävnə adj.
háʒsa̋
háʒsa̋ þe̋ v
háʒséli adj.
háʒsélə
háʒsünn
háʒsünnlik adj.
háʒtimbr
háʒtorr
háʒtre̋ w
háʒtíd
háʒwey
háʒwërk
háʒwïtə
háʒwı̋ bəd
háʒyərővə
háʒyəsamnung
háʒyəscäft
háʒyəscäp
háʒyəstrı̋ n
háʒyətimbr
háʒyəwërk
háʒyəþring
háʒþarv
háʒþeyn
háʒþeynung
háʒþrá
háʒþrümm
háʒþungən adj.
climax, apex, culmination
high building, temple
highest sky, ether, high heaven
oracle (revelation or response of a medium)
oracle (medium, person)
high priest of pagans/heathens
singer of hymns or sacred songs
archfiend
pontiff, pontifex
alderman
rostrum (platform for speaking)
king’s hall, royal hall
judge’s seat (‘the bench’)
presiding (judge)
university
university student
high point
manly character, probity
a principal street, a main highway
towering
having a high prow (or: high prow?)
high sea
pirate of the high sea
blissful
bliss
deadly sin, crime
very sinful, deadly sinful
#(OE = lofty building)
high tower, very tall tower, skyscraping tower
solemn fidelity or compact (with a spouse or similar)
party, celebration, festivity (?)
roadway, paved portion of a road or highway
craftsmanship, highly skilled work
high councillor, senior or most respected councillor
high altar
high official
congress
the heavens
superior creature, man
best reserves, special reserves
lofty structure, lofty edifice
excellent work (thing produced) or construction (thing constructed) (?)
uprising
dire need
ecclesiastical minister?
ecclesiastical ministry?
grave threat, serious threat
great multitude?
of senior rank or experience
319
háʒþe̋ d
háʒə
háħt
háħtlik adj.
hå
håd
hådbrëkə
hådbrücə
hådbót
hådcarmə
hådcarmənd
hådgrið
hådiən wk. II
hådlik adj.
hådnot
hådr adj.
hådswa̋ pə
hådung
hådungdäy
hådwőnə
hådårung
hådəƨmann
hål adj.
hålbérə adj.
hålfäst adj.
håli adj.
hålidäy
hålidóm
hålidómhúƨ
hålilik adj.
Hålimónəð
hålines
håliportik
hålirift
håliwäccə
håliwäccənd
håliwätr
håliwërk
håliwərə pl.
håliyəsamnung
håliən wk. II
hålkaccing
hållíkə
hålnes
hålr
hålsalə
håltäl
hålwendlik adj.
hålwendnes
developed nation
altitude, elevation
susceptibility; proclivity, propensity
tempting; attractive, enticing
rowlock
individuality, personality, character, nature; holy order
violator of a person’s dignity
violation of a person’s dignity
compensation for violence or an affront to one’s person or personal dignity
charisma
charismatic
privilege (as regards peace) of holy orders
to invest, ordain
characteristic, idiosyncratic
holy office
distinct, clear (image, vision, sound)
maid of honour (at a wedding)
investiture, ordination
ordination day
individualism
respect of persons
member of a particular order
whole, entire
wholesome, salutary
having healthy habits, healthful
holy, sacred
holy day, (religious) holiday
holy doctrines; holy things
house of holy things
saintly (esp. somewhat pejorative)
Holy Month (OE = September; I suggest April or December)
holiness, sanctity
sanctuary of a church
‘holy screen’ = ?
‘holy vigil’ = ?
keeper of a ‘holy vigil’, = ?
holy water
saintly miracle
the saints
religious congregation, synagogue
to heal (intr.)
holography
hologram
wholeness, entirety
good luck, good fortune; safety, freedom from danger
wholesale
whole number, integer
salutary
salubrity
320
hålwendə
wholesome lifestyle
hålwendə adj.
salubrious, healthful, healthy (food)
hålyərn
chapel
hålʒiən wk. II
to sanctify, hallow
hålʒiənd
sanctifier
hålʒung
sanctification, hallowing
hålʒungbók
benedictional
hålʒungramm
consecrated ram
hålʒə
holy person, (living) saint (fig. person free of sin)
hålƨ
holy relic
hålƨiən wk. II
to declare, call upon or demand in the name of something holy: to adjure
(yəhålƨiən, in more formal sense); conjure (əhålƨiən); exorcize (úthålƨiən); implore, entreat (esp. spiritual
beings or divinities)(untóhålƨiən)
hålƨiənd
adjurer, conjurer, exorcist (see hålƨiən for explanation of varied meanings)
hålƨiəndlik adj.
imploring, importunate (?)
adjuration; conjuration; exorcism; entreaty (esp. of spiritual beings or
hålƨung
divinities) (see meaning of hålƨiən to explain the various meanings of this word)
hålƨungtíd
time for entreaty (of spiritual beings or divinities usu.)
hålƨungyəbed
supplication
hålƨwërðung
veneration of a holy relic
that may be entreated
hålƨədlik
hålƨərə
adjurer; conjurer; exorcist (see meaning of hålƨiən to explain the various
meanings of this word)
håləting
salutation
hålətən wk. I
to salute
middle finger (used in saluting)
hålətənd
håm adv.
home
håm
home
håmald adj.
vernacular
håmfar
journey home
håmfärəld
pass to go home, home-passage
håmfäst adj.
stuck at home
håmhennə
domestic fowl
håmiən wk. II
to make one’s home
homecooked, home-cooked
håmkókəd
håmkúð adj.
familiar
håmkümə
homecoming
håmlik adj.
domestic
håmláƨ adj.
homeless
håmscildə
home protection
håmscír
charge of the home, care of the home, responsibility for the upkeep, care, and
finances of the home
håmsittəndə adj.
living at home
håmstall
staying at home
håmstedə
location of residence, address
håmsíð
journey home (and especially the adventures thereon)
håmsíðiən wk. II
to head home, journey home
håmsókn
frequenting of the home, resort to the home
håmtún
homestead (in its modern meanings)
321
håmwerd adj.
håmwerdəƨ adv.
håmworħt
håmwërðung
håmwërəd
håmwürt
håmärd
håmƨír
håmƨírənd
håmþrak
håmətən wk. I
hån
håniən wk. II
hår adj.
hårhúnə
håri adj.
håriən wk. II
hårnes
hårung
hårwenjnes
hårwällə, hårwenjə adj.
hårəwürt
hås adj.
håsetə
håshrémən wk. I
håsiən wk. II
håsnes
håsswőyə adj.
håst
håstesə
håstən wk. I
håt adj.
håt2
håthirtən wk. I
håthërt adj.
håthërtə, håthërtnes
håthüynes
håthüyə adj.
håting
håtiən wk. II
håtiəndə adj.
håtlik adj.
håtlowʒ
håtnes
håtung
håtwendə adj.
håtə adv.
håtən str. VII
håv
homewards (adj.), towards or heading home, on the way home (all adj.)
homewards, towards home, heading home, on the way home (all adv.)
homemade, home-made
value of a home
household
kitchen herb
the place (town, village, country) where one’s home is
homesickness, nostalgia
homesick
offence of attacking a man in his own house; the attack itself
to domicile, put up (in a residence)
hone
to hone
grey- or white-haired, hoary
some variety of or a plant similar to the horehound
canescent, covered with a whitish down (of leaves, stems, etc.)
to become hoary or grey(-haired), grow grey
hoariness
greying, aging
greying about the sideburns or temples
greying about the sideburns or temples
‘colocasia’ (a plant)
hoarse
rower in a warship
to shout or holler hoarsely
to become hoarse
hoarseness
hoarse-sounding, sounding hoarsely
host (of guests)
hostess
to host
hot
command, order; suggestion
to impassion
passionate, ardent, fervent
passion, ardour, fervour
hotheadedness, wrathfulness
hotheaded, wrathful
bidding
to be hot; to be inflamed
hot, boiling, burning
heated (discussion, argument, etc.)
hotpool, jacuzzi, spa
(relative) heat, ‘hotness’, being hot
inflammation, burning, boiling, being hot
very hot, flaming, incandescent, blazing, blistering
hotly, fervidly
to tell someone to do something, bid (pret. hét, hétən)
trawl
322
håvən wk. I
håw
håw2
håwiən wk. II
håwung
håwərə
häcc
häccwór
häccyät
häccə
häccən wk. I
häffrə
häft
häft adj.
häftdóm
häfting
häftinkl
of endearment
häftklamm
häftlik adj.
häftling
häftmécə
häftnád
häftnédling
häftnédnes
häftnédən wk. I
häftworəld
häftədnes
häftən
häkk
etc.)
häld
hälding
häldə
häldən wk. I
hälftr
hältə
hälvə
German Stiel)
hälvən wk. I
hälə
häləð
häləðisc adj.
häləðle̋ ð
häppən wk. I
härpiən wk. II
härpnäyl
härpsang
härpsleyə
to trawl
look, glance
violet (in the spectrum)
to look at, look
observation, looking at
spectator, observer
hatch (type of door)
weir with a hatch
entrance with a hatch
crosier; fiddlehead; scroll of a violin
to hatch (eggs, of eggs)
heifer (young cow)
captivity, imprisonment, bondage
captive (adj.); n. a captive
being a prisoner or captive
imprisonment, putting into prison
‘little captive, little prisoner’, such as in sexual games or as an off-colour term
captive or confining grip (fig.)
tending to capture or (en)snare, captious
prisoner, captive, inmate
hilted blade
confinement, bondage, custody
detainee
detainment
to detain (in custody)
world under bondage
imprisonment
confinement
basket made of metal grate, hack (as for holding fodder, also in grocery carts,
observance
tilting; inclination, declination (from the vertical or horizontal)
tilt; inclination (preference)
to tilt; incline, decline (from the vertical or horizontal)
halter
lameness
handle that is smaller and narrower than the main part of the tool or article (=
to halve
insurgent, rebel, guerrilla, etc.
hero (but not in sense ‘demigod’); as prefix often = epic
heroic
epic poem
to take chances, take a chance
to harp
plectrum
psalm
harp-playing
323
härpstreng
harpstring
härpswőy
sound of the harp
härpung
harping
harpy
härpűya
härpə
harp
härpərə
harper, harp-player
härpəstrə
female harper, female harp-player
härrə
a (male) elder, to whom more respect is due (whether kin or not), also used as
a respectful form of address
härrəncircə
Presbyterian church; (comb. form) presbyterian
härstpannə
frying-pan
härstə
frying
härvəst
autumn
härvəstlik adj.
autumnal
Härvəstmónəð
September
‘autumntime’, like summertime, wintertime, springtime
härvəsttíd
härvəstwétə
autumn rainy period
härvəstþréd
gossamer
härʒ, härʒə
shrine (place, room, building)
härʒard
holy destination, mecca
of a shrine
härʒlik adj.
härʒtrev
large shrine
härʒward
warden of a shrine
hätr pl.
old clothes; rummage, odds and ends, junk, trash
hätt
hat
hättəfaʒl
#(OE = hǽrenfagol, igel ‘hedgehog’)
häv
deep-sea fishing ground or station
hävdlik adj.
obtainable, that can be had
hävn
harbour
hävnfərbod
embargo (of ships)
hävr
he-goat
pincer (of a crustacean)
hävrbitə
hävrblåtə
type of bird (OE = bittern? snipe?)
hävə
leavening agent (such as baking soda or powder)
crayfish
hävərn
häwm
heaume (see OED)
häy
infield, home field (the land of a farm which lies around or near the
homestead, as opposed to the outlying parts, which are usually on higher ground and may consist of moorland;
hence, arable land as opposed to pasture (hamm); land regularly manured and cropped)
häyhål adj.
safe and sound
häying
seclusion, isolation
häysuggə
hedge-sparrow
häytis
sorceress
häyward
keeper of cattle in a common field
häyən wk. I
to hedge in, fence in; seclude, isolate
häð
rebellion, uprising, revolt, insurrection, revolution
häðde̋ r adj.
fearless or undaunted, or strong, in rebellion or revolt (as against the king,
etc.)
häðfremməndə adj.
mounting rebellion
324
häðfűr
häðgrimm adj.
häðisc adj.
häðlik adj.
häðlind
häðløðə
häðlåk
häðlíðəndə adj.
häðmérə adj.
häðrink
häðréƨ
häðróv adj.
häðsweng
häðswåt
häðse̋ k adj.
häðtorħt adj.
häðwalm
häðwéd
häðwërk
häðwőri adj.
häðyung adj.
häƨl
häƨlhnut
häƨlra̋ w
häƨlwrid/wríd
häƨlən adj.
ha̋ də
ha̋ l
ha̋ lbarn
ha̋ li (hali?) adj.
ha̋ ling
ha̋ llik
ha̋ lnes
ha̋ lnesgrið
ha̋ lsum adj.
ha̋ ltíd
ha̋ lwürt
ha̋ lð
ha̋ lðstów
ha̋ lƨiən wk. II
ha̋ lƨung
ha̋ lƨərə
ha̋ lə
ha̋ lən wk. I
ha̋ lənd
ha̋ ləndlik adj.
ha̋ md (pl. ha̋ mdr)
ha̋ mdcërl
ha̋ mdlåk
fire of revolt, riotous fire
fierce in rebellion or revolt
rebellious, recalcitrant, contumacious, unruly
of rebellion or revolt, revolutionary, insurrectionary
linden-wood shield
#(OE = elbow)
rebelliousness, defiance, contumacy, insubordination
mutineer? (OE = seafaring warrior)
famed for revolt or rebellion
rebel (?)
rebellious attack
heroic in revolt or rebellion
stroke of rebellion
‘sweat of rebellion’, work involved in revolt, etc.
made sick by rebellion or defiance
glorious in revolt, rebellion, etc.
insurgency
rebel outfit
revolution, product of rebellion, revolt, or insurrection
weary of fighting in a rebellion
young and rebellious
hazel (shrub)
hazelnut
row of hazels
hazel-thicket (?)
of hazel
status; rank, order, degree
good omen
Saviour, Christ
unstable, inconstant
healing
auspicious
that which heals, remedy, healing medicine
#(OE = peace-privileges attaching to a sanctuary (hǣlnes))
used to heal, medicinal
time of well-being?
healing herb, medicinal herb
healing or curative property
spa
to cleanse spiritually or morally (also in modern usage, mentally)
spiritual (or moral or mental) cleansing
spiritual (or moral or mental) cleanser
cure
to heal (tr.)
saviour; Ha̋ lənd Saviour (Christ)
healthful, salutary
cohabitation
man who cohabits
coition, coitus
325
ha̋ mdscepə
(state of) common-law marriage
̋
hamdwív
woman who cohabits
ha̋ mdyəmånə
intercourse in cohabitation
ha̋ mdþing
common-law marriage
ha̋ ming
consummation of marriage; sexual relations or intercourse
ha̋ mlik adj.
sexual, of sexual relations
ha̋ mən wk. I
to cohabit (with); consummate a marriage; have sexual relations or
intercourse with, sleep with (the usual modern sense)
(sexual- or life-)partner (a semi-legal term)
ha̋ mənd
ha̋ mərə
consort, bedfellow, sexual partner
ha̋ nən wk. I
to stone
ha̋ s
command, charge, commandership, being in command
̋
hast
violence
ha̋ sti adj.
violent
ha̋ sən wk. I
to command, be in command
commander
ha̋ sərə
ha̋ tbelt
tropics
ha̋ tenerjíyəliƨə
thermodynamics
ha̋ ting
heating
ha̋ tlik adj.
thermal
thermometer
ha̋ tma̋ lə
ha̋ tovərflütt
convection
ha̋ tstïy
temperature
ha̋ tyəwäld
thermostat
ha̋ tyəþüll
a thermal
heat
ha̋ tə
ha̋ tən wk. I
to heat
ha̋ wə adj.
azure, turquoise, greenish-blue, the colour of shallow sunlit seawater
̋
hawən adj.
blue-grey, green-grey, greenish, jaundiced; the colour of some molds and of
the skin with some diseases; also generally, off- coloured, indicative of disease or pollution (but usually only
with a certain degree of greyness, rather than brownness)
sickly green, greyish green
ha̋ wəngrőnə adj.
̋
hawənhüdlə
some plant
ha̋ ð
heath, uncultivated thinly forested land, scrubland, moor, wasteland
whortleberry
ha̋ ðberyə
ha̋ ðfeld
heath-land
ha̋ ðing
disparagement
ha̋ ðiħt adj.
heathy
ha̋ ðiən wk. II
to swelter
̋
haðkolə
some plant
ha̋ ðlik adj.
disparaging
ha̋ ðstapə
‘heath-stalker’, animal which prowls the heath, such as a wolf or deer
ha̋ ðung
sweltering
ha̋ðə
heat wave, hot spell
ha̋ðən adj.
pagan, heathen (adj.)
ha̋ðən wk. I
to disparage, belittle (ON ha̋ ða, OED hethe)
ha̋ðəndóm
heathendom
ha̋ðənfolk
heathen people, heathen masses
̋
̋
haðənfe
heathen wealth
326
ha̋ðənherə
army of heathens; (in Anglo-Saxon period) Danish army
̋
haðənisc adj.
heathenish, heathen (in sense “irreligious, uncivilized, primitive”)
ha̋ðənküng
heathen king
ha̋ðənkünn
heathen race
ha̋ðənnes
(state of ) being a pagan or heathen
ha̋ðənscepə
paganism, heathenism
ha̋ðənstı̋ rik
golden calf of the Israelites (‘heathen male calf’)
ha̋ðənyeld
pagan worship, idolatry
ha̋ðənyeldə
pagan worshipper, idolater
ha̋ðənə
a pagan, a heathen
hé
pron. he; himself (reflex.)
hélyum
helium
hénnes
(act of) humiliation, abasement, humbling
hénð
humiliation
hénən wk. I
to humiliate, abase, humble
derogatory
hénəndə adj.
hépl
garbage dump
hépə
aggregate
hépən wk. I
to heap (up) (tr.); to accumulate (tr.); to aggregate (tr.); hépt
kuklər/kuklərmél heaping spoonful
hér adv.
here
héran
hereon, on this
hérbuvən adv.
above this (in a document), previously mentioned
hérbúənd pl.
ones who live off this earth
hérbəforən adv.
in front of this
hérdlik
audible
hérin adv.
herein, in this
héring
herring
héringtíd
herring-season (OE hǽringtíma)
hérkümə
coming here, advent
héron
herein, in this (on, q.v.)
hérov
hereof, of this (ov, q.v.)
hérsum adj.
hearing easily
hérsumiən wk. II
to pick up, hear, overhear, detect by hearing
hértó
thus far
hérwið
(of relations, dealings, reactions, responses, comparisons, etc.) at this, to this,
with this, by this, in relation to this, in response to this, in comparison to this, etc. (wið, q.v.)
héräftər adv.
hereafter, after this
hérð
hearing (legal, etc.)
hérə
haircloth
hérən wk. I
to hear
hérən adj.
(made) of hair
hérənd
hearer
hérənfaʒl
porcupine (OE = hedgehog, for which see iyl, OE igel, īl)
héy
hay
héyhúƨ
hay store
héysiyðə
hay-scythe
héyən wk. I
to hold (a meeting), conduct (business)
héħþ
height; high point; highest point, summit; the heavens, heaven
327
héħþforħt
héħþfürħtə
héən wk. I
héərə
hëliən wk. II
hëlkə
hëlr
Libra
hëlriən wk. II
hëlrung
hëlstr
hëlstrbläd
hëlstrhov
hëlstri adj.
hëlstrkovə
hëlstrlokə
hëlstrscadu
hëlstrscäd
hëlstrung
hëlung
hëlvr
hëlvri adj.
hëlən str. IV
hëləð
hëləðhelm
hëləðkünn
hër
hërblåk adj.
hërd
hërdiən wk. II
hërdnes
hërdolʒ
hërdrédən
hërdre̋ r
hërdre̋ ri
hërdrünk
hërdə
hërflån
hërfäðm
hërgrimm adj.
hërgrédi adj.
hërhókiħt adj.
hërkiən wk. II
hërkniən wk. II
hërkniəndəƨ
hërknung
hërknungsaru, hërkungsaru
hërnə
hërr
afraid of heights
fear of heights
to elevate
elevator
to camouflage
hoarfrost
balance (with articles for the instrument, without articles for state of balance);
to balance (in non-financial senses)
balancing, balance (as e.g. on a tightrope)
concealment, cover; mantle (fig.)
spathe
obscured dwelling
shadowy, obscure
dark recess, hiding-place
dark stronghold, hidden fortress
night-shadow, moonlight shadow (?)
concealing shade
#(OE = darkness)
camouflage
gore
gory
to conceal
concealment
helmet which makes the wearer invisible
species that uses concelament or camouflage
swordfight(ing)
mortally wounded
herd, flock
to herd, gather into a herd (tr. and intr.)
gathering oa herd
deadly infection
watch over a herd
deadly outcome of swordfight
fatal by swordfight
blood shed by the sword
hards of flax
deadly dart
deadly embrace
fierce in swordfight
bloodthirsty
savagely barbed (-hooked)
to demand the attention of (also used on animals)
to hearken, (begin to) listen, pay attention
audience
hearkening, attention; attendance (at an event)
gimmick (in commercial sense)
brains (esp. as food)
hinge
328
hërrə
hërscarp adj.
hërscorp
hërserk
hërswalwə
beak fighting
hërsweng
hërtbát
hërtecə
hërtful adj.
hërtgrürə
hërthamə
hërthoʒ
hërti adj.
hërtkellə
hërtklëvə
hërtkoðə
hërtlik adj.
hërtluvə
hërtláƨ adj.
hërtscräv
hërtsinwind
hërtstopp
hërtsår adj.
hërtsårnes
hërtse̋ k adj.
hërtveyn
hërtvowtə
hërtwärk
hërtyəsídə
hërtådl
hërtə
hërwalləndə adj.
hërwordəƨ pl.
swordfight or duel)
hërwulv
hërwärʒ
hërwépn
hëryívrə adj.
hërð
hërðbäkən adj.
hërðfäst adj.
hërðknëħt
hërðpenning
hërðswa̋ pə
lives at home
hërðwërəd
hërðyənát
hërðə
(north, south, magnetic) pole
sharp enough for a swordfight, very sharp
swordfight-equipments
fencing-shirt
some bird that has a beak that cuts like a sword, or that engages in beak-tosword-stroke
heartbeat
heartache
hearty, cordial; enthusiastic, spirited
heartfelt horror
pericardium
heartfelt interest or concern
heartfelt, from the heart
(serous membrane of the) pericardium
atrium (of the heart)
#(should be hërtådl heart disease)
of or pertaining to the heart, cardiac
heartfelt love
dispirited, listless, flat, dull
heart cavity
coronary artery
syncope
sore at heart, sad, depressed, unhappy
unhappiness, sadness, depression
ill from heart disease
cardiac vein
ventricle
pain or pang at the heart
viscera neighbouring the heart
heartdisease
heart
gushing with destruction (?)
speech meant to incite to fight or duel, hostile words, challenge (to a
‘sword-wolf’, warrior
bloodthirsty villain
weapon of swordfight, sword
fierce, greedy for slaughter
hearth, fireplace, fire in a building (for warmth, etc.)
baked on the hearth
having a settled home
one who attends to the fire (in the house)
‘hearth-penny’, tax for the Church, Peter’s penny
one who sweeps the hearth or fireplace; a marriageable young woman who
innermost circle of a lord, king, or other powerful person
lodger, tenant (in one’s house)
testicle
329
hërþëw
gladiator
hërət
deer (male or female)
hërətberyə
buckthorn-berry
hërətbrér
= hërətbrőml
hërətbrőml
buckthorn
hërətbrőmlláv
leaf of the buckthorn
hërətbukkə
male deer, stag (incl. without antlers, unlike staɡɡ)
hërətkla̋ vrə
hart-clover, hemp agrimony
hërətkroppə
cluster of hartwort floweers
hërətsmëru
deer’s grease
hërətsol
deer’s wallowing-place
hërətwürt
hartwort
hërətən adj.
of a deer
hëvn
heaven; the celestial abode of God or the heathen gods; the heavens, sky (esp.
as the domain of the stars, sun, moon, and other luminaries, so often used of the night sky)
hëvnbákn
sign in the sky, heavenly portent
hëvnbémə
heavenly horn (trumpet or similar)
hëvnbërħt adj.
heavenly bright
hëvnbüggəndə adj.
dwelling in heaven? (OE = chaste!)
hëvndrám
heavenly music
heavenly excellence
hëvnduʒəð
hëvndőmə
heavenly ruler
hëvnengl
angel of heaven
hëvnfle̋ʒəndə adj.
flying through the heavens
hëvnflód
torrent of rain
fowl of the air
hëvnfuʒl
hëvnfűr
fire from heaven, lightning
hëvnhabbənd
possessor of heaven, God
hëvnhall
heavenly hall
hëvnhlåv
bread of heaven, manna
hëvnhróv
vault of heaven (‘ceiling’ of heaven)
hëvnhrüst
ornament of the heavens
hëvnhwalv
vault of heaven
hëvnháʒ adj.
reaching to heaven, as high as heaven
hëvnhåli adj.
holy and heavenly
hëvnhåm
heavenly home
hëvnisc adj.
heavenly, divine
hëvnkandl
‘candle of heaven’, sun, moon, stars
hëvnkoləƨ pl.
‘heaven-coals’, heat of the sun
hëvnkund adj.
celestial, heavenly, coming from or dwelling in heaven
hëvnkënəd adj.
heaven-begotten, heaven-born
hëvnküng
king of heaven (God or Christ)
hëvnlik adj.
heavenly, celestial, of or pertaining to heaven or the sky
hëvnle̋ mə
beam of light from heaven
hëvnle̋ ħt
heavenly light
hëvnmäyn
heavenly power
hëvnrícə
kingdom of heaven
hëvnsetl
seat in heaven
hëvnstërrə
star of heaven
330
hëvnstól
hëvntorħt adj.
hëvntungl
hëvnwaldənd
hëvnward
hëvnwliti adj.
hëvnwolkn
hëvnwuldr
hëvnwërəd
hëvnwómə
hëvnwərə pl.
hëvnyətimbr
hëvnþrát
hëvnþrümm
hëð
he̋ pbrőml
he̋ pə
he̋ v
he̋ viən wk. II
he̋ viəndlik
he̋ vle̋ ð
he̋ vsíð
he̋ vung
he̋ vungdäy
hí interj.
hí pron.
híd
hídméləm
hín
hírəd
hírədknëħt
hírədkúð
hírədlik
hírədmann
hírədpre̋ st
hírədwist
hírədwívmann
hírədyərővə
hís
hísən
híwisc adj.
híwiən wk. II
híwkund
híwkúð
híwkúðnes
híwkűðən wk. I
híwlik
híwrédən
híwscepə
throne of heaven
of heavenly splendour
heavenly luminary
ruler of heaven, God
heaven’s keeper, guardian of heaven, God
heavenly beautiful
cloud of heaven
heavenly glory
heavenly company
terrible noise from heaven
inhabitants of heaven
heavenly structure
heavenly force
heavenly multitude, heavenly host
large building with only one room, = selə sense 3
dog-rose
(rose-)hip, seed-vessel of rose
lament
to lament (intr.)
lamenting, mournful
elegy
unfortunate adventure
lamentation, mourning
day of mourning (lamenting)
hi!
acc. sg. her; herself (reflex.)
the total farmland belonging to a single family or household
by the pieces of farmland belonging to a single family or household each
“the help”, servants collectively
household
domestic, servile member of a household
domestic, familiar (to a household)
pertaining to a household
member of a houselhold
chaplain?
domesticity, living together in a household
female member of a household
ex-consul
hoist
to hoist
servile, menial
(tr. and intr.) to wed
belonging to the servants’ class
familiar
familiarity
to familiarize
conjugal
housekeeping, ménage
body of domestic servants
331
híwung
wedlock
híwyədål
divorce
híwə
domestic servant
híwən
household
híwənlik
domestic
híʒ
hustle and bustle
híʒiən wk. II
to exert oneself
híʒð
exertion
hïkl
green woodpecker
hïnən
from here, hence; from now
̋
hı pron.
nom. sg. fem. of hé she
hı̋ däy
today (but apart from archaic use, is figurative and means ‘nowadays, the
present era, recent time(s), modern time(s), modernity’)
contemporary, of nowadays
hı̋ däylik adj.
hı̋ rə adj.
snug, cozy, comfortable; mild, moderate, gentle
regrettable
hı̋ vdlik adj.
hı̋ vən wk. I
to regret
hı̋ w
appearance, form
hı̋ wbërħt
radiant, beautiful
hı̋ wfäst
fixed in appearance or form
shapely
hı̋ wfäyr
̋
hıwiən wk. II
to form, fashion, make the appearance of
hı̋ wlik adj.
of form or appearance, formal; hı̋ wlikə in form, formally
hı̋ wláƨ
formless
hı̋ wla̋ cən wk. I
to assume a form, take shape
formation
hı̋ wnes
hı̋ wung
formation, synthesis
hı̋ wyəliƨə
morphology
hı̋ wədlik
?
hı̋ wərə
‘shaper’, artist
hó
a small plateau, a ridge of land with steep sides and a relatively flat top, =
mesa (but unlike this can be forested)
hó2
intermission, break, pause
hód
hood
hók
hook
hókiħt
having many hooks
hókiən wk. II
to hook
hókíƨərn
a small sickle
hókədə
hooked
hól
slander, libel, calumny
hólingə
in vain, without reason, for nothing
hóliən wk. II
to slander, libel, calumniate
hóltiħtə
calumny
hólwrit
libel
hón str. VII
to hang (tr.), suspend; fərhón to hang (to death), execute by hanging
hón
delay, hesitation
hónədə
having houghs
hónən wk. I
to hesitate, tarry, delay, wait
hóp
hoop
332
hóppådə
a coat supported by hoops
hór
prostitution, adultery, unlawful sexual relations
hórdóm
whoredom
hóring
(male) adulterer, fornicator
hóriən wk. II
to prostitute oneself, have promiscuous casual sex
hórkwenə
prostitute, whore, adulteress
hórə
whore
hóscankə
shank (of an animal)
hósinu
sinew of the heel (especially on animals, but also on humans); achilles’
tendon
hóv
hoof
hóv2
proportion; good proportion, seemliness, propriety, moderation, decency (esp.
as concerns size, amount, share, etc.)
hóvful
moderate, reasonable; measured, controlled, limited
hóvhring
print of a horse’s hoof
hóvi
proportional; seemly, decent, reasonable
hoof-shaped, ungulate
hóvi2 adj.
hóviən wk. II
to glide (in the air)
hóvlik
proportionate, proportional
hóvláƨ
without proportion; excessive, unseemly, unreasonable
violet (plant)
hóvə
hóvtávr
histogram
hóvədə adj.
hoofed, ungulate
hóʒ
hock (hough)
hóʒbankə
sofa
heel-turning, circle (made by the heel originally)
hóʒhwërving
hóʒspor
heel of an animal
hóƨ
company (visitors, guests); (visiting, lodging) party
hőcən
kid
hőd
heed, observation (of rules, warning, etc.), attention (to)
to heed, observe, pay attention to; mind, keep an eye on (the time, one’s
hődən wk. I
manners, one’s behaviour, portents, weather)
hőlspurə
base of the heel? see fótspur and spur
hőlə
heel
having large heels
hőlədə
hőlən wk. I
to calumniate, slander, libel
hú interrog. adv.
how
húdlum
hoodlum
húdniən wk. II
to buffet (in the wind or by waves)
húhuʒ
anyhow, anyway (conj.)
húj
huge
húlik
what kind of, of what kind or sort
húlən (wk.)
to howl
húmetə
in what way, how
hún
knob; durhún doorknob; mästhún knob at the top of a mast
húnə
horehound
húpən wk. I
to whoop
húrbendə
watch (on the arm)
húrgläƨ
hourglass
333
húrtáblə
húrə adv.
húrə
húrəþingə
húshaldən str. VII
húskən
húskənbläd
hústing
purposes)
hútən wk. I
húv
húviən wk. II
húvə
húzə
húð
húƨ
húƨbrukl
húƨbrëkə
húƨbrücə
húƨbrünə
húƨbóndə
húƨbóndən
húƨfäst
húƨhalding
húƨhaldərə
húƨhaldəstrə
húƨhaʒə
húƨhlåvərd
húƨhle̋
húƨhëvn
húƨinkl
húƨiən wk. II
húƨkatt
húƨl
húƨlbarn
húƨlbox
húƨldisc
húƨlfät
húƨlgang
húƨlgenjə
húƨlhålʒung
húƨliən wk. II
húƨllåv
húƨlportik
húƨlung
húƨlák
húƨlþeyn
húƨplantə
húƨrédən
timetable, schedule
at least, at any rate; (with a negative) even; anyhow, in any event
hour
especially
to keep house, do the housekeeping
calyx
sepal
a lord’s or king’s household assembly (usu. for council or deliberative
to hoot (of owl or similar bird)
side of a ship
to put a covering on the head
cap (on the head)
housing (ornament on a horse)
prey
house
burglarious
burglar
burglary, housebreaking
burning of a house, arson
householder, master of a house, head of a household
mistress of a household
housebound
housekeeping
housekeeper; steward
(female) housekeeper
premises
master of the house
housing, shelter
ceiling
little house, habitation
to house
housecat, domestic cat
housel, Holy Communion, Eucharist, Lord’s Supper
communicant child
housel-box
housel-dish, paten
sacramental vessel
going to, or partaking in, the Eucharist
communicant
attendance at the Eucharist, communicating
to administer the sacrament
remains of the Eucharist
sacristy
administration of the sacrament
houseleek
housel-attendant, acolyte
houseplant
household
334
húƨscepə
house (royal line)
húƨstedə
site of a house
húƨswalwə
housemartin
húƨtún
enclosure containing a house (as at an archaeological site, in old walled cities,
etc.)
húƨwist
being at home
húƨwív
housewife, homemaker
húƨəd
furnished with a house
hücging
fancy, imagination
hücgən wk. I
to be thinking of (doing), think about, have thoughts of; entertain (a notion);
suppose, guess; (wel, illə, etc.) hücgən üm think (highly, ill, etc.) of; hücgən til to resolve, determine, purpose
hücgəndlik adj.
(gramm.) subjunctive
hüddmarkət
black market (literally ‘hidden market’)
hüdra
hydra
hüdrojen
hydrogen
hüdrojeníƨən wk. I
to hydrogenate, hydrogenize
hüdrokarbon
hydrocarbon
hüdromanzi
hydromancy
hül
recess (in a rock, wall, bone, surface, etc.), (small) pit
hülc
sharp turn or corner
hülcəd(ə)
having sharp turns or corners, jagged
hüldi
stalwart
hüldrédən
fealty
hüldåð
tributary oath, homage
hüldə
devotion; affection; favour
to butcher, cut up meat
hüldən
hüldərə
butcher (meat-dealer)
hüll
hill
hülli
hilly
hüllwürt
hillwort, pulegium
hülləhåmə
cicada
hüllən wk. I
to veil, hide (esp. behind a screen of some kind)
hülmən
# (see OE forhylman, oferhylmend)
hülp
auxiliary (n.); auxiliary help
hülplik
auxiliary (adj.)
hült
grove or trees planted for timber, plantation for timber
hültə
shrubbery, ornamental shrubs planted and arranged for decoration and show
hülwən wk. I
to burrow; tunnel; excavate
hülƨung (or hül-sang?)
#(OE = ‘tympanum’)
hümbl
humble
hümblnes
humility
hümblən
to humble
hümlik
hemlock
hümlə
hop plant
hündən
community of 100 men
hündənmann
chief man in the community of 100 men
hüngrən wk. I
(impers.) mé hüngrəð I am hungry, something gives me hunger
hüpbån
hipbone
hüpbånecə
sciatica
335
hüperbola
hüpofüs
hüppən
hüpsäx
hüpə
hürd
hürdl
hüring
hüriən wk. I
hürnful
hürnfunkzyon
hürni
hürnstån
hürnyəliƨə
hürnþwërʒ adj.
hürnþwërʒlínə
hürnə
hürnədnebbə
hürnədə
hürnən wk. I
hürnən
hürnət
hürsiən wk. II
hürst
hürsum
hürt
hürtən wk. I
hürð
hüscən wk. I
hüscənd
hüspful
hüspnes, hüsping
hüspən
hüspənd
hüspəndlik
hüsterisc adj.
hüsterya
hüttə
hüybend
hüyblind
hüyblíðə
hüydi
hüydines
hüyfród
hüyfróvr
hüyfäst
hüygláw
hüygrimm
hüygár
hyperbola
pituitary gland
to hop on one foot (?)
short sword, dagger
hip
wicket (in sense ‘gate to the public of a cashier, teller, agent, officer, etc.’)
hurdle (framework of a fence or gate with crosswise timbers)
emulation
to emulate
having many angles or corners
trigonometric function
angular; -cornered, -angular
corner-stone, keystone
trigonometry
diagonal
diagonal (line)
angle; corner (especially concave)
horny-billed, horn-beaked
horned, beaked
to jut out like a horn; to jab with a horn
of horn
hornet
to go on horseback
wooded hillock (in a plain or meadow)
emulous
act of hurting someone, hurt
to hurt (someone, emotionally especially, but also physically) tr.
parchment
to jeer
one who jeers
insulting, contumelious
contumely
to insult, offend (verbally)
one who insults or offends verbally
abominable (words)
hysterical
hysteria
hut
mental bond, spiritual bond
mentally blind
blithe of personality, merry, cheerful
considerate; courteous
consideration; courtesy
wise, experienced
mental consolation
sane
astute
savage, cruel, terrible
mental or emotional jab
336
hüygål
hüyga̋ lƨə
hüyhlid
hüyhäft adj.
hüykla̋ nə
hüykräft
hüykräfti
hüykunnərə
hüylowƨ
hüylást
mindlessness; extravagance
hüyláƨ
extravagant, unbridled
hüyláƨlik
hüylécnung
hüylécə
hüylíkə
hüyméðə
hüyméðəm
hüynümlik
hüynümə
hüyrédən
hüyróv
hüyrún
hüysnotr
hüysorʒ
hüysoħt
hüysoħti adj.
hüystrang
hüyse̋ k
hüyse̋ kling
hüyse̋ knes
hüytre̋ w
hüyte̋ nə
hüywalm
hüyweyk
hüywill
hüywlank
hüyyómr
hüyyəliƨə
hüyyəsund
hüyådl
hüyådli
hüyådliʒə
someone, of a courtesy, etc.)
hüyþankl
hüyþrümm
hüyþrűð
hüyþóħt
frivolous
distraction, amusement, fun; hobby, pastime
epiglottis
rapt (in something)
pure of intention
mental skill, mental power
mentally skilful, mentally powerful
psychologist
insane
thoughtlessness, foolishness, rashness; senselessness; irrationality;
thoughtless, foolish, rash; senseless; irrational; mindless (fun e.g.);
extravagant, unbridled
psychiatry
psychiatrist
idea
weary in mind
thoughtfully, considerately; respectfully, reverently
conceptual
concept, (general) notion
mentality
having a great mind, genius
secret
sagacious
depression, unhappiness
schizophrenia
schizophrenic
having a strong personality
psychotic
psychotic person
psychosis
fidelity
insult
mental agitation, anger, rage
pusillanimous
deranged, mentally disturbed
haughty, overbearing
unhappy
psychology
of sound mind
mental illness
mentally ill
mentally ill person hüyþank
appreciation (of something done for
appreciative
intelligentsia
intellectual conceit
conception (in the mind)
337
hüyþüħti
brainy, very intelligent
hüyə
mind (as seat of thoughts); intention; thought(s); disposition, personality
hüħt
optimism; optimistic belief, hope, view, or outlook
hüħtful
optimistic
hüħtgevənd
one who promises much
hüħtgift
pleasing gift
hüħting
looking forward (to something) (n.), joyful anticipation or expectation
hüħtlik
expected or anticipated with joy, looked forward to; welcome (to come)
hüħtláƨ
despondent, despairing; (very) pessimistic
hüħtplëʒə
wishful thinking
hüħtwillə
what one looks forward to doing
hüħtwünn
joy of optimism
hüħtən wk. I
to look forward to, anticipate or expect with joy
hüħtəndlik
to be hoped for
hüƨbërðr
the bearing of an heir
woman who bears an heir
hüƨbërðrə
hüƨcild
infant successor
hüƨrink
prince or nobleman who is an heir
hüƨwíƨə
in the manner of an heir?
hüƨə
successor, heir (esp. of a king or other personage)
hüþþ
gain, advantage, facility, upper hand
hue and cry
hű
hűazinþ
hyacinth (flower)
hűd
skin (esp. separate from the hair of the skin); hide (of an animal, but without
the hair or fur or wool); dermis
pigmentation, skin pigment
hűdblåw
hűdnes
thing or place with which or in which one feels safe; comfort, security, refuge
hűdsakk
leather sack
hűdsmëru
sebum
hűdwriyəlƨ
cuticle (in botany and zoology)
fine to save one’s skin (instead of flogging)
hűdyeld
hűdəls
hiding-place, cache
hűdən adj.
made of skin
hűdən
to hide (tr.)
storeroom, storehouse
hűdərn
hűkə
tight-fitting garment, bodysuit
hűmur
fluid, humour (of the body)
hűr
interest (on a loan); hire, wages (for a brief job or task)
hűrborʒ
interest (on a loan)
hűrbürðən
interest burden
hűriħt
team of oxen or other beasts employed for some task
hűriən wk. II
to charge (an amount acc.) as interest (to someone dat./from someone gen.);
to exact interest from (gen.); not a direct descendant of OE hȳrian ‘to hire’ for which the Scandinavian-derived
leyʒən is used
hűrkustəƨ
interest costs
hűrling
hireling
hűrláƨ
interest-free
hűroxə
hired ox
hűrung
interest charges
338
hűryeldə
mercenary
hűrþingrédən
interest terms
hűrə
hireling, one who will do anything for pay
hűrən wk. I
to hire to a job, employ, give employment to
hűyə
larynx (Dutch huig uvula)
hűa̋ na
hyena
hűð
place to anchor, anchorage, landing-place, sheltered location safe for landing
or anchoring; fig. place of refuge, haven, asylum, shelter
a light piratical vessel
hűðscip
hűðward
one who watches a landing-place
hűðyeld
harbour sacrifice or service (?)
hűðʒiən wk. II
to facilitate
hűðʒung
facilitation; advantage
hűðən wk. I
to prey on, attack to eat
hűðənd
n. predator; adj. predatory
to set up a hue and cry
hűən wk. I
Iberisc
Iberian; Iberisc soméy Iberian peninsula
ibid
ibis
idea
ideal
idealisc adj.
ideal
ideawőnə, idealår
idealism
ideawőnənd
idealist
idi
enterprising, enthusiastic
idyótisc
idiotic
idyótə
idiot
idüll
idyll
idüllisc adj.
idyllic
idəs
damsel
iglu
igloo (dome-shaped snowhouse)
ignisc adj.
igneous
ik
I
ilde̋ r
paramecium
ilk adj.
same
ilkiən wk. II
to be the same, agree, correspond, be consistent
corresponding, correspondent, homologous
ilkiəndə adj.
ilkklïpə
homophone (sound, not word)
ilkkündha̋ mlik adj.
homosexual
ilkkündha̋ mənd
homosexual (person)
ilkkünnlik adj.
homogeneous
ilkspelling
homograph
ilkstamnəd adj.
cognate (word)
ilktídlik adj.
contemporary, of the same time or period
ilkung
consistency, uniformity, agreement, harmony, correspondence
ilkword
homonym, homophone
to agree, be of the same opinion
ilkwőnən wk. I
illing
poor quality
illə adv.
ill (adv. of bad, evil), badly, evilly, poorly
ilə
sole of the foot
imbə
bee-colony
339
impartən wk. I
to impart
impiən wk. II
to graft (plants)
impə
graft (from plants)
imájriə
imagery
imájə
image (in literature)
in, inprep., adv., prefix: in (w. dat.), into (w. acc.) (a 3-dimensional enclosed space
or an enclosed, bounded, or delimited 2-dimensional area, distinguished from on, q.v., and cf. French dans vs.
en, which this distinction resembles); prefix indicates motion inward, entrance, penetration, interior, privacy,
centrality; (temporal) within (= before the mentioned time is over)
inbataylən wk. I
to embattle (set troops in battle array)
inbeddiən wk. II
to embed
inbend
internal bond
inblandən str. VII
to blend in (tr. and intr.)
inblåwnes
inspiration
inblåwən str. VII
to inspire
inblést
implosion
to implode
inbléstən wk. I
inborʒ
collateral
inbrenjən wk. I
to bring in
inbreydən str. III
to burst in (upon)
inbringnes
introduction (to something)
to introduce (in all senses but ‘cause to greet, cause to meet or get to know’)
inbringən str. III
inbringəndə adj.
introductory, introductive
inbrëkən str. IV
to break in
inbrődən wk.I
to incubate
a breaking in, forcible incursion, break-in
inbrücə
inbrünə
inner burning, interior fire
inburʒ
downtown (n.)
inbátən str. VII
to beat in, drive in by beating
inbéyən wk. I
to bend inwards (tr.)
to carry in, bring in
inbërən str. IV
inbúʒən str. II
to bend inwards (intr.)
inbúən wk. I
to inhabit; to be a farmer in
inbúənd
inhabitant; resident farmer
inbürdling
slave born on a master’s estate or in his house
inbürdə adj.
born on the estate
inbütliən wk. II
to build in, install
inbəscáwiən wk. II
to introspect
inbəscáwiəndə adj.
introspective
incärrd adj.
introvert(ed)
index
index (in a book)
Indisc
(East) Indian
Indocína
Indochina
Indoewropéisc
Indo-European
Indonesisc
Indonesian
Indonesya
Indonesia
indrencən
to steep, saturate; fill to overflowing
indrinkən str. III
to imbibe, drink in
indrépən wk. I
to instill
340
indre̋ʒən str. II
indrüħn adj.
indrüħt
Induland
Induyëvn
indyum
Indyán
Indyánisc adj.
inda̋ l
inda̋ ling
inda̋ lən wk. I
indéd
indépən wk. I
indéʒl
indéʒlnes
indón anom.
indúən wk. I
inervə
infaldən str. VII
infallən str. VII
infar
infarən str. VI
infaƨliən wk. I
infering
inferingtoln
inferiən wk. I
inferno
infetiən wk. I
inficcən wk. I
infindən str. III
inflokkiən wk. II
infla̋ scnes
infle̋ n str. II
infle̋ tən str. I
inflów
inflődə adj.
infolk
infród
infärdiən wk. II
infärdung
infëħt
infón str. VII
infóstr
infőrən wk. I
infőying
infőyən wk. I
infúƨ
ingadriən wk. II
ingang
to take part in, experience
lordly, distinguished, noble, august
dignified manner
India
Indian Ocean
indium
(American) Indian, Amerindian, aboriginal person
(American) Indian, Amerindian, aboriginal
inner part
sector; ward, unit
to make divisions in
input
to dip in
esoteric
esoterism
to put in
to endow
household stuff, belongings
to fold in
to fall in; cave in
entrance, entry (into a country, city, or town)
to enter (a country, city, town)
to inseminate
importation
import duty
to import (goods)
inferno
to fetch in
to drive in, force in
to locate?
to flock in
incarnation
#(OE = to fly from)
to drift in
inflow; influx
full of water
native people
experienced, wise, knowledgable
to enroll for military service
enrolment (for military service)
brawl (in a house, tavern, etc.)
to adopt (an idea, practice, etc.)
bringing up, rearing
to march in
inset
to fit in(to); to inset
inbound
to gather in (e.g. the harvest)
entry; entrance; way in
341
ingangən str. VII
ingenjə
ingetən str. IV
ingl
ingraving
ingravən str. VI
ingån anom.
ingütə
inhabbən wk. I
inhald adj.
inhaldən str. VII
inhavən
inhellən wk .I
inherʒiən wk. II
inherʒiəndə adj.
inherʒung
inherə
inhliðiəndə adj.
inhold adj.
inhoʒ
inhriv
inhwarviən wk. II
inhwarviənd
inhwërvən str. III
inhåmisc
inhåwiən wk. II
inha̋ tən wk. I
inhërd
inhírəd
inhíwə
inimpiən wk. II
ink
inkempə
inkit
inkiən wk. II
inklåƨən wk. I
inklëvə
inklən wk. I
inknåwən str. VII
inknëħt
inkovə
inkoðə
inkr
inkumən str. IV
inkund
inkundnes
inkurb adj.
inkënəd adj.
inkërvən
to walk in
visitor, intruder
to realize, come to the realization (that)
catamite
inscription
to carve in, engrave, inscribe
to enter, go in
infusion
to contain (ingredients, contents, etc.)
in bas-relief
to keep in, hold in
content(s)
to pour in
to invade
invading, invasive
invasion
native army
obverse (= narrower at the base than at the top)
devoted in heart
intrigue, wonder; inhoʒ weccən in (dat.) to intrigue (someone)
womb
to immigrate
immigrant
to permeate
endemic
to see into (building, garden, etc.), face inward toward
to inflame (internally)
herd kept by a lord on his lands
community of an institution (such as a prison, hospital, retirement home, etc.)
inmate (of an institution)
to engraft, graft in
dat. of yit: (to) you pl. (you and you); (to) yourselves (reflex.)
#(OE = soldier of the same company)
acc. of yit: you pl. (you and you); yourselves (reflex.)
to be uncertain about, question, suspect, doubt, have misgivings
to close in
inner compartment
to give an inkling of, hint
to recognize innerly, remember
intern
inner chamber
internal (contagious) disease
gen., poss. adj. of jit
to come in, enter
intrinsic, inherent
intrinsicity, inherence
concave
inbred
to engrave, incise
342
inkúð
inkümə
inkünd
inkündlik
inkə
inland
inlaðiən wk. II
inlaðiənd
inlaʒiən wk. II
inlaʒə
inlecging
inlecgən wk. I
inlendisc adj.
inlendə adj.
inlendə
inlik
inlim
inlimwevəlƨ
inlodən adj.
inlák
inlåd
inla̋ dən wk. I
inla̋ rən wk. I
inlétə
inlétən str. VII
inléyən wk. I
inlïmiən wk. II
inlı̋ htən wk. I
inlı̋ htənd
inlı̋ xən wk. I
inlúkən str. II
inmarkə, inmarkung
inmaƨiən wk. II
inmicliən wk. II
inmärʒ
inma̋ nd adj.
inma̋ nən wk. I
inmődə adj.
inmünd
inn
inniən wk. II
Innuit
innung
innïmən str. IV
innümə
innəfe̋
innəlvə
innəməst
innərə adj.
esoteric
coming in, entrance, entry
(inner or inborn) nature
inborn, innate
question, scruple, suspicion, doubt, apprehension, misgiving
land in the lord’s own occupation, domain, demesne; inland, in-country
to invite in
one who invites in
to reverse sentence of outlawry
one who is within the law
inlay
to lay in; to inlay
endemic
native, indigenous
a native, indigenous inhabitant
internal, interior
internal organ
(bodily) parenchyma
ingrained, deeply rooted, inveterate
green onion
course or way in (e.g. a river, fjord)
to lead in
to indoctrinate
stream that feeds a lake
to let in
to inflame, set on fire from within
to incorporate (something into another)
to illuminate, enlighten (on or from the inside)
illuminator
to give off light from within
to shut in, close in; to include
inscription, mark inscribed
to stump someone, make unable to solve
to enrich (a language, understanding, knowledge, etc.)
marrow
implied; implicit
to imply
close to one’s heart, important in one’s estimation
recollection, memory
quarters, lodgings
to lodge, find lodging for
Inuit
lodging
to take in; admit (entry)
intake; admission (to university, theatre, etc.)
household goods, household property
innards
inmost
inner
343
inorv
inorðiən wk. II
inorðung
inplantiən wk. II
inplantə
inprentə
inprentən wk. I
inputiən
inputpillə
inpézə
inpïðə
inpündən wk. I
inrinnən str. III
inréƨ
inrünə
insamniən wk. II
inscáwiən wk. II
inscáwung
inscáwərə
inscäft
inscúvən str. II
inscürting
inscürtən adj.
insendnes
insendən wk. I
insetn
insetnes
insettən wk. I
inseyl
inseyliən wk. II
inseylung
insittən str. V
insittəndə adj.
insiylə
insiħt
inslán str. VI
insmittə
insmittən wk. I
insnidə
insníðing
insníðən str. I
inspaldən wk. I
inspinn
insprengən wk. I
inspa̋ tən, inspirtən wk. I
instandən str. VI
instandəndlik adj.
instapə
instapəƨ adv.
furniture
to be inspired (to)
inspiration
to implant
implant
imprint
to imprint
to insert
suppository, collyrium
component
stele (of a plant)
to impound
to invade, run into (a place)
inrush
invasion, incursion, raid, inroad
to assemble within
to inspect (something that has to be looked into)
inspection (into something)
inspector
internal generation
to push in; to interpolate (words in a book)
(gramm.) syncopation, syncope
(gramm.) to syncopate
a sending-in
to send in, send into something
installation; institution
infix
to install; infix (in a word)
seal (impression in wax etc.)
to seal, put a seal (impression) on
sealing (with an impression)
to sit within
sitting within
signet
insight
to hack into (anyone)
internal contamination; infection
to infect
incision
dissection; anatomy
to cut into; to dissect; anatomize
to gut (fish)
#(OE = spindle)
to burst in
to inject
to be among a group, be present
#(OE = required for present use)
entrance (location, not the action)
right now
344
instawnzə
instance
instellən wk. I
to place in; to insert; to furnish, position, station (within a building); to
include (additional items); to position (in order); to install (in an office)
to incuss, stamp in
instempən wk. I
insteppən str. VI
to step in, enter
insticə
internal stitch (pain)
instingən str. III
to penetrate by piercing, stabbing or stinging
instinkt
instinct
instinktlik
instinctive, instinctual
institút
institute
to install (in an office)
instiħtən wk. I
instrument
instrument
instäl
position (in order or in an arrangement)
instëk
fittings, mountings (of jewelry, etc.)
instëkən str. V
to infix; to mount (a jewel)
to climb in
instíʒən str. I
insulin
insulin
insutlung
epiphany, revelation, awakening, realization, insight
inswån
lord’s swineherd
inswóʒən str. VII
to interlope
interference in someone else’s affairs
inswóʒənnes
insåwən str. VII
to implant, instil
insäcgən wk. I
to put (an idea acc.) in someone’s (dat.) head
insétə adj.
dependent, residing in the dwelling of a householder
inse̋ n
to see (innerly), realize, understand
interior, inside
insídə
insókn
visitation inside a house (by legal, judicial, royal etc. authorities)
intakən str. VI
to grasp, comprehend, make sense of
intenjing
intrusion (into someone’s affairs, etc.)
intenjən wk. I
to intrude (disturb someone)
intrusive (questions, etc.)
intenjəndə adj.
intens adj.
intensive (swíð = intense)
interferon
interferon
intingiən wk. II
to cause
intingnes
causality
intingung
causation
intingə
cause (reason, source, motive, initiation)
intraħtiən wk. II
to interpret (a work of art, a composition)
intraħtung
interpretation (of a work of art or a composition)
intrepətən wk. I
to skip, hop, dance, trip
intrëdən str. V
to enter, step in
inte̋ n str. II
to pull in, draw in
intóm adj.
vacuous
intűnən wk. I
to shut in, fence in, hedge in
intəres
the fact or relation of being legally concerned; legal concern in a thing, esp.
right or title to property, or to some of the uses or benefits pertaining to property
inwadən str. VI
to wade in, enter (water or fig.) slowly; wadən in to wade into
inwalkiəndə adj.
involute
inwalkung
involution
345
inwar
services due to the lord on his ‘inland’
inwaxən adj.
ingrown; ingrained, deeprooted, deepseated
inwending
change; conversion (into another substance)
to change, become different, be converted, be turned; to change, make
inwendən wk. I
different (= canjən); to convert, change into another substance, etc.
inwerd adj.
inward
inwerdlik
introverted
inwerdəƨ adv.
inward
inwevən adj.
inwoven
inwidd
wickedness, evil, malice, destructive intent; conniving designs or behaviour,
connivance
inwiddfeng
evil hold, possession (as by a demon)
inwiddflån
dart of evil
inwiddful
conniving, wicked, malicious, evil, pernicious
inwiddgest
evil guest
inwiddgrin
treacherous gin
inwiddhlemm
harmful sound
inwiddhróv
unfriendly roof (ceiling)
inwiddnett
net of malice
inwiddníð
conniving malice
inwiddrún
connivance, conniving conspiracy
inwiddsaru
conniving intrigue
inwiddscar
#(OE = murderous attack)
inwiddsorʒ
#(OE = sorrow)
inwiddspell
evil tidings
inwiddstäv
#(OE = wickedness, evil)
oppressive neck-fetter
inwiddwråƨn
inwiddyəkünd
malicious nature
inwiddyəþank
conniving designs
inwiddə
evil one, adversary
to enwrap, enfold, involve
inwindən str. III
inwist
habitation
inwitt
conscience, consciousness, knowledge
inwríting, inwrit
entry (by writing in), enrolment, registration, etc.
inwrítən str. I
to enter (by writing, e.g. one’s name), enrol, enlist, register, fill in a blank, fill
in a form
inwrítərə
secretary
inwud
private woodland
inwund
internal sore or wound
inwuniən wk. II
to reside in
inwunung
residence in
inwåʒiən wk. II
to immure
inwärk
internal pain
inwétə
internal humour
inwërk
indoor work
inwërpən str. III
to begin (the weft)
inwërəd
retainers, household
inwëʒən str. V
to cave in
inyëlən str. IV
to infiltrate
346
inyëlənd
inyëtən str. V
inye̋ ting
inye̋ tən str. II
inyəborən
inyəfëħt
inyəhüyd
inyəmünd
inyəstald
inyəswell
inyəþank
inyəþanklik adj.
inyəþankyəlávə
inyəþóħt
inådl
inärdiən wk. II
inédisc
inédrlik, in édrən
inőðiən wk. II
inőðung
inþencən wk. I
inþenking
inþenklik
inþenkən wk. I
inþikkə adj.
inþiynən
inþrang
inþringən str. III
inþringənd
inþråwən adj.
inþrűstən wk. I
inþwán
inþe̋ d
inþűwing
inþűwən wk. I
ircon
iridyum
Iringəƨ Wey
irk adj.
irksum
irkən wk. I
irməngrund
irmənkoðə
irmənkünn
irmənlåv
irmənstrı̋ nd
irmənþe̋ d
irringə
irrlik
infiltrator
to comprehend
infusion
to infuse
native, indigenous, aboriginal
internal fighting
consciousness
personally well-remembered
household property
internal swelling
intent, purpose, design
deliberate, intentional
teleology
contemplation
internal disease
to dwell or reside in, inhabit
decorative furniture, ornamental belongings
intravenous
to breathe in, inhale
inhalation
to have in mind
visualization
visualized
to visualize, picture (in the mind)
crass
female domestic servant
intrusion
to intrude (into a house, country, etc.)
intruder
twisted or curled inwards
to interject, interpose
to purge
enclave, exclave
impression (mark)
to impress, press in
urchin
iridium
Milky Way
distasteful
irksome
to irk
wide world
pandemic
most powerful race, mankind
mankind’s legacy
human ancestry
nation of man
in a rage (adv.)
vehement
347
irrmód
irrnes
irrscepə
irrþwërʒ adj.
irrə adj.
irrə
irrən wk. I
irðən
irƨiən wk. II
irƨiəndlik
irƨung
iscing
iscən wk. I
islám
islámisc
isomer
isotop
Israel
Israelisc
Israelwər
iyl
iðən
iðənsceplik
iðənscepə
jabrən wk. I
jagonzə
jagwara
jagə
jagən wk .I
jakal
jakaranda
jaket
jakə
of a man for labour)
jaluƨ adj.
jaluƨyə
jam
Jamayka
Jamaykisc
jambews
jambé adj.
jambə
jamən wk. I
jangl
janglən wk. I
janisa̋ r
Janivər
jankən wk. I
jant
impassioned
passion, vehemence
volatile temper
cross
furious, enraged
rage, fury
to infuriate, enrage
of the earth, in the earth (esp. of animals, minerals, etc.)
to rage, be violently angry
passionate, emotional
violent emotion
issue (of a magazine, etc.)
to issue (esp. literature, publications, printed matter)
Islam
islamic
isomer
isotope
Israel
Israeli
Israelite
hedgehog
industrious; assiduous
industrial
industry
to speak volubly and with little sense, chatter, prattle
a sort of gem
jaguar
a jag
to jag
jackal
jacaranda
outer vest
jack (name of various contrivances, such as a lifting-jack, that take the place
jealous
jealousy
a jam
Jamaica
Jamaican
armour for the legs
active, moving or going about a lot
jamb
to jam
jangling
to jangle
janizary, janissary
January
to shuffle (the legs)
jaunt
348
jantən wk. I
to jaunt
Japan
Japan
Japanisc
Japanese
jardin
arbor, bower
jardinya̋ r
jardiniere
jargon
jargon
jasmín
jasmine
javl
wrangler
to wrangle
javlən wk. I
jaw
inner cheek
Jawa
Java
jawdwin
simpleton
Jawisc
Javanese
jawmbə
projection
jawnis
jaundice = bitter or prejudiced state of mind
jay
missel-thrush?
jayl
jail
jaylərə
jailer
jazinþ
jacinth
jaƨ
jazz
jeli
jelly, jam, preserve
to preserve (fruits, etc.)
jelyən wk. I
jemew
gimmal
jemə
bead
jen
gene
jendr
(grammatical) gender
to engender, beget
jendrən wk. I
jeneral adj.
(in) general, pertaining to the totality of a class, kind, or race
jenetə
genet
jenlik adj.
genetic
Jenova
Genoa
jenserwing
genetic engineering
jent
belonging to the upper classes or polite society; showing the taste and
refinement characteristic of the upper classes or polite society
jentil
genteel
jentrisə
gentility
jentüp
genotype
jenus
genus
jenuylər
armour for the knees
jenyus
genius (person endowed with genius)
jenyə
genius (remarkable talent or intelligence)
jeomanzyə
mensuration
jeometrisc
geometric(al)
jeometriə
geometry
jeranyə
geranium
jerfawkon
gerfalcon
jeri
a machine for shearing cloth
jerk
a jerk
jerkən wk. I
to jerk
349
jermandr
(herb) ‘germandra’
jermán
germane
jermə
microbe; microbe that causes sickness, germ
jerodin
some fabric
jerund
gerund
jest
jest
jestur
jester
jestən wk. I
to jest
jet
jet (issue; machine)
jetayƨon
jettison
jetfloʒə
jet plane
jetiən wk. II
to be theatrical or flamboyant
jetung
theatrics
jetur
theatrical or flamboyant person
jeté
projecting upper story
to jut
jetən
jeƨínə
childbed (state)
jib
jib
jiblət
unessential part or appendage
Jibraltar
Gibraltar
jibrisc
gibberish, unintelligible language
to speak unintelligible language
jibrən wk. I
jibən
to jib (sails)
jibət
gibbet
jig
jig (dance)
to dance the jig
jigən wk. I
jil
gill (unit of liquid measure); small amount of alcohol; amount of alcohol one
can drink before getting drunk; socially
jilofrə
gillyflower
jiltən wk. I
to jilt
jimp adj.
smart, spruce (in dress or appearance)
jin
mechanism
jinglən wk. I
to jingle
jinjivr
ginger
jinjivrbrád
gingerbread
jinjivrkókyə
ginger snap
jink
a dart to one side so as to elude
jinkən wk. I
to elude by darting to one side, dodge
jinn
the jinn
jinni
a member of the jinn, genie
jinur
mastermind
jinx
jinx
jinxən wk. I
to jinx
jinən wk. I
to orchestrate
jirafə
giraffe
jist
gist
job
odd job
jobard
blockhead
jobiən wk. II
to do odd jobs
350
joglən wk. I
to joggle
jogən wk .I
to jog (the memory), shake up
jokawnt
sportive
joki
jockey
jokund
jocund
joli
festive, merry, rejoicing
jolt
a shove
joltən wk. I
to shove
jolən wk. I
to talk angrily
jotən wk. I
to jot down
jowə
square, strong, prominent jaw
joyful
joyful
joylik
joyous
joyláƨ
joyless, sombre
joyə
joy
to revel, rejoice, be joyful
joyən wk .I
jug
stocks (shipbuilding)
juglən wk. I
to juggle
juglərə
juggler
julep
julep
jumbl
jumble
to jumble
jumblən wk. I
jumbo
jumbo
jumew
binoculars
jumpən wk. I
to jump
junk
salt meat used as food on long voyages
picnic
junkət
jupə
petticoat
jurdan
chamber-pot
jurnal
newspaper
jurnalistə
journalist
jurney
day’s work; day’s accomplishment; progress accomplished in a day: day’s
travel; the course of the sun across the sky from sunrise to sunset
juslə
cavorting; sexual indulgence
to cavort; indulge in sexual pleasure
juslən wk .I
just
joust
justizə
justice
justur
jouster
justən wk. I
to joust, tilt
juynt
joint, connection
juyntűrə
joining, junction, juncture
juynən wk. I
to join (to, with), connect
jádə
jade (mineral)
jápə
prank
jápən wk .I
to play a prank on
jápərə
prankster
jázə
kind of fringe
jázən wk .I
to jog along, trot along
jål
jole
351
jåtəƨ
mean people, vulgar people
̋
jalən wk. I
to congeal, gel, become jelly
ja̋ nə
jeans
jëngəl
jungle
jíant
giant, giant-sized person, animal, or thing (as opposed to ent which refers to
giants as a separate race, in folklore and mythology, similarly ëtn man-eating giant, ogre)
jíantmäcg
#(OE = son of a giant)
jíp
jeep
jíst f.
joist
jóglən wk. I
to con, defraud, trick
jóglərə
trickster, con artist
jót
jute (plant, fibre)
júdo
judo
Júdéisc
Jewish
Júdémann
a Jew
Júdéəƨ
the Jews
júel
item of jewelry, adornment (earring, bracelet, brooch, necklace, etc.)
jújuzu
ju-jitsu
júkən wk. I
to crouch, squat
júl
joule
Júpiter
Jupiter
tunic (blouselike garment worn to the hips or lower and gathered with a belt)
júpə
júrən wk. I
to tell off
jútə
stew
jútən wk. I
to stew
jüjing, jüjnes
criticism (of literature, art, music), critique
jüjment
faculty of judgment
jüjən wk. I
to judge (= estimate, discern); criticize (literature, art, music)
jüjərə
critic
jüps
plaster of Paris
jüsl
a dish in cookery
jüst adj.
exact, precise; adv. exactly, precisely
jüw
puzzle (game)
jüwparti
jeopardy
jury
jűri
jűrur
juror
jűƨ
gravy
kabal
cabal
kabala
cabala (cabbala, kabala, kabbala, kabbalah)
kaban
log cabin
kabaré
cabaret
kabinet
cabinet (polit.)
kablis
trees blown down, or branches blown off by the wind
kabocə
cauliflower
kabya
guinea-pig, guinea pig
kabús
caboose (in sense ‘cook-room or kitchen of merchantmen on deck’)
kaccən
to capture (also fig. an image); fərkaccən to drive or lead into a trap, entrap,
ensnare; əkaccən to capture (sunlight, radio signals, etc.); yəkaccən to make out, perceive, discern (a sound,
something in the distance, etc.); inkaccən to comprehend, fathom, be able to conceive of
352
kacgən wk. I
to tie, secure, bind
kacəpol
catchpoll
kadenza
cadenza
cadence
kadenzə
kadet
cadet
kadis
caddice (larva of the may-fly, which lives in water, and forms for itself a
curious cylindrical case of hollow stems, small stones, etc.; used as a bait by anglers)
kadmyum
cadmium
kadrant
quadrant
kafé
coffee
kaféhlað
coffeemaker, percolator
kaféhúƨ
coffeehouse (larger than a kaféscoppə)
kaféin
caffeine
coffeepot
kafékannə
kaféscoppə
café, coffeeshop
kafétíd
coffee break
keg
kaggə
kagr
amorous
kakatú
cockatoo
kakaw
cocoa
kakl
cackle
kaklən
to cackle
kakofonyə
cacophony
kaktus
cactus
kakə
cake
moor buzzard
kaladriə
kalament
calamint
kalamus
sweet flag (herb)
kalc
wine cup
kald
cold; mé iƨ kald I am cold
kaldhërt
coldhearted, cruel, compassionless
to be cold
kaldiən wk. II
kaldnes
coldness
kalendar
calendar
kalentúra
calenture
kalibr
calibre
kalifə
caliph
kalik
a fancy drinking-cup
kalité
trait
kalk
lime
kalkayn
calkin
kalkstån
limestone
kall
a call
kalliən wk. II
to call (someone)
kalliəndlik adj.
vocative (case)
kallward
operator (on the telephone)
kallə
hairnet (protective meshed cap)
kalm
calm (adj.)
Kalmïk
Kalmuck, Kalmyk
353
kalmə
calm (n.)
kaloryə
calorie
kaloryəma̋lə
calorimeter
kalp
gift or money in exchange for protection
kaltrip
caltrop
kalu
callow, having no feathers (and fig. and derived senses as in English)
kalv pl. kalvr
calf
kalviən wk. II
to calve
kalvlokə
calf-pen
kalvr
white scum on and within the flesh of salmon and other fishes
kalvə
calf of the leg
kalwər
gelatin
kalwərbríw
pottage of gelatin???
kalyon
a calcification, hard deposit in body tissue
kalyum
potassium
kalzyum
calcium
kaləbas
calabash
kalən str. VI
to become cold, turn cold; begin winter
kamb
comb (hanənkamb cockscomb)
kambiħt
combed, crested (with a cockscomb)
Kambodisc
Cambodian
Kambodya
Cambodia
kambr
camber
Kambrisc
Cambrian
kambrən wk. I
to camber
kambuk
hockey-stick
kameo
cameo
kamera
camera (photography)
Kamerún
Cameroon
kamfr
camphor
camlet
kamlət
kamm
cam
kammuk
cammock (plant, = rest harrow)
kamp
(football, etc.) game; (tennis) match; sam kamp tie
kampaldr
coach (in sports)
kampayn
campaign (political, figurative)
kampdóm
sports, games
kamphåd
athletic contest
kampiən wk. II
to play against (in football, tennis, etc.), be matched against; to contend or
compete in any sport or athletic contest
kampiənd
opponent (of football, tennis, etc.)
kamplik
of or relating to athletic competition
kamprédən
state of play (of an athletic game)
kampstedə
gamesite
kampstów
stadium
kampung
play (in play, rules of play, etc.)
kampwang
(sports) arena
kampwud
playing-stick
kampwépn
racket or stick used in a sport or game
354
kampwërəd
(sports) team
kampwíy
strife in sport
kampwíƨə
director of public games
kampyon
participant in an athletic contest
kampyəfőrə
teammate
kampərə
professional player (of football, tennis, etc.)
kamél
techn. camel (device to lift ships out of water) - see olvənd
Kanada
Canada
Kanadisc
Canadian
kanal
canal
kanapé
canapé
kanard
canard
kanaryəfinc
canary (bird)
kanasta
canasta
kandi
sugar candy
kandl
candle
kandlborə
acolyte
kandlbred
flat candlestick
kandlle̋ ħt
candle-light
kandlmessə
Candlemas, the feast of the Purification
candle-snuffer
kandlsnűtəlƨ
kandlstev, kandlstikkə
candlestick
kandltre̋
candelabrum
kandltwist
pair of snuffers
kandlwe̋ kə
candle-wick
kandlwürt
candlewort
candlemaker
kandlwürħtə
kang adj.
whimsical
kanglən wk. I
to dispute acrimoniously
kangscepə
whimsy
kangurú
kangaroo
kank
derision
kankr
canker
kankəting
boisterous laughter
to laugh boisterously
kankətən
kann
cognizance, averment, asseveration, clearance
kannabis
cannabis
kannon
cannon
kannə
(watering-) can, (coffee-) pot (made out of metal); handheld vessel made of
metal usu. with a spout for pouring
kanon
canon (rule)
kanonbók
book of canons
kanonik
canon (person)
kanonlik
canonical
kant adj.
keen (adj. = eager, ready, brave)
kant
oblique face of a polygon, cant
kantik
canticle
kantiən wk. II
to mete out
kantl
underpinning
355
kantlkåp
kantínə
kantərstäv
kantərə
kanvas
kanzr
kanzrmakiənd
kanzrwund
kanzələrə
Kanán
Kanánisc
Kanánwər
kapellan
kapital
kapitalism
kapitalistə
kapitolyə
kapitul
kapitulmessə
kapiən wk. II
kapl
kapon
kapparis
kappiən wk.II
kappuccíno
kapsik
kapstan
kapsul
kapsə
kapzis
kar
karabínə
karafə
karaktə
karamel
karapas
karat
karate
karaway
karbohüdrat
karbon
karbonblandən str. VII
karbonblandərə
karbontwíoxíd
karbonånoxíd
karborundum
kardamóm
kardinal
kardon
#(OE = cope)
canteen
staff of a cantor, by which he can keep time
cantor, precentor
canvas (material)
cancer
carcinogen
cancerous wound
chancellor
Canaan
Canaanitic
Canaanite
chaplain
capital (wealth)
capitalism
capitalist
capitol, citadel
chapter (cathedral or monastic, or of an organization)
early mass, first mass
to goggle, look with wide-open eyes
workhorse
capon
caper (plant and vegetable)
to cap (off)
cappucino
sweet (bell) pepper
capstan
capsule
container, box (for non-liquid items)
captious
care, concern, anxiousness, anxiety
carbine
carafe
character other than a letter of an alphabet
caramel
carapace
carat
karate
caraway
carbohydrate
carbon
to carburet
carburetor
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
carborundum
cardamom
cardinal
cardoon
356
kardə
kardən wk. I
karful
karfulnes
karfux
kargaldr
kari adj.
karikatúra
karikə
karitəð
kariən wk. II
karkan
karkanet
karkərn
karkərnward
karl
karlfuʒl
karlik
karlisc
karlmann
karlást
karláƨ
karneval
karnájə
karnázyon
karob
karol
karp
karpentərə
karpiən wk. II
karpung
karpə
karpərə
karpət
karr
karrbűrə, karränn
karrköyrərə
karrwërkhúƨ
karrə
karsetl
karsk
karsorʒ
karsíð
kart
kartfull
karthwe̋ l
kartiən wk. II
kartklút
karton
card (for fibres)
to card (fibres)
careful, attentive, painstaking
carefulness
crossroads
spell of anxiety
concerned, anxious
caricature
dried fig
charity
to be concerned, be anxious, not be at ease
an iron collar used for punishment
an ornamental collar, usually of gold set with jewels
jailhouse
jailor
guy, fellow, chap, bloke
male bird
grievous
of guys, male, masculine, guys’
ordinary man, man in the street, typical man
freedom from care, anxiety, anxiousness, or concerns
free from care, free of anxiety, anxiousness, or concerns; carefree
carnival (celebration before Lent)
carnage
carnation
carob
carol
big talk, exaggerated boast, hyperbole
mechanic
to boast or brag exaggeratedly
boastful exaggeration
carp (fish)
one give to exaggeration
carpet
car, automobile (usually for 1 to 6 people)
garage (of a house)
chauffeur
garage (for repair of automobiles)
car of a train, boxcar
home of anxiety, place of anxiety
spirited, swift, impetuous
‘headache’ (fig.), mental pain
anxiety-provoking journey
cart
cartful
cartwheel
to cart, carry in a cart
iron plate to protect the axletree
cardboard
357
kartpakkə
kartr
kartwürħtə
kartyər
kartúcə
kartə
kartərə
karuselə
karv
karwalm
karwan
karying
karyájə
karya̋ rə
karyə
karyən wk. I
karúsən wk. I
kasava
kascalot
kaschlað
kascmír
kascə
kascərə
kaset
kask
kaskət
kasl
kaslmann
kaslwall
kaslwërk
kasnərə
kassuk
kassuklávəƨ
kassya
kast
kastor
kastəlayn
kastən wk. I
compounds)
kaswari
kasə
kasən wk. I
kasərol
katalog
katamaran
katapult
katkin
katl
katt
deck of cards, pack of cards
quarters
cart-builder
quarter of an hour, fifteen minutes
cartridge
card
carter
carousel, merry-go-round
cut, wound
welling of care or anxiety
caravan
hauling, transport by wheeled vehicle
wheeled transport, such as a truck or train
racetrack, racecourse
load, shipment, load of passengers
to haul, transport by wheeled vehicle
to carouse
cassava
sperm whale
cash register
cashmere
cash
cashier
cassette
cask
casket (in its British meaning of ‘small box or chest, as for valuables’)
castle
resident of a castle
rampart or bulwark of a castle
castle-building
cabinet (piece of furniture)
hassock, thick clump of grass
hassock leaves
cassia
a cast, throw
castor (substance excreted by beavers)
master of a castle
to cast (= throw, esp. with violence or impetuosity, and also in adverbial
cassowary
book-covering
to dissolve (a partnership), invalidate, annul, etc.
casserole
catalogue, inventory
catamaran
catapult
catkin
assets; with aricle an asset (financial)
cat
358
kattmintə
kattə
kavalyero
kavl
kavlən wk. I
kavyar
kawdl
kawdron
kawk
kawkiən wk. II
kawkən wk. I
kawl
kawlin
kawlláv
kawlstëlə, kawlstokk
kawlséd
kawlwürm
kawtl
kawtlmeƨűrə
kawzi
kawzyon
kawƨə
kay
kayak
kayenpíment
kaylə
kayman
kaynard
kayr
kaytiv
kaħexyə
kaƨjú
kaƨl
kaþedral
kaþetér
kaþod
kaþolik
kaþolisc
kebb
kebbən wk. I
kecap
kecg
ked
kedluk
kef
kefl
kekkən wk. I
kelk
kelkə
catnip
female cat
cavalier
allotment (esp. of land)
to allot, apportion?
caviar
caudle
boiler
caulking, putty
to copulate, of birds
to caulk
cabbage
kaolin
cabbage-leaf
cabbage-stalk
cabbage-seed
kaleworm
precaution
preventive measure, precautionary measure
causeway
caveat
cause (= enterprise, objective), mission, purpose
key (low island)
kayak
cayenne pepper
quail
alligator, caiman
malingerer, shirker, deserter
quire
caitiff (adj. and n.)
cachexy (a depraved or morbid habit of mind or feeling)
cashew
casule, chasuble
cathedral
catheter
cathode
catholicism
catholic
having lost one’s young, said of an animal
to bicker, squabble
ketchup
funny (person), full of jokes
pet lamb
the herb mercury (of the spurge family)
kef
sorry horse, horse of little value
to feel an inclination to vomit, to retch
milt or sperm of fish
part under the chin (not necessarily hanging or prominent)
359
Kelt
Celt
Keltisc
Celtic
kelƨ
leather foot-covering, similar to a sandal but having a flexible sole
keləðonyə
celandine, swallow-wort
kembən wk. I
to comb
kempə
a professional fighter (gladiator, wrestler, boxer, etc.,)
kempən wk. I
to fight for entertainment, fight professionally
kempəstrə
female professional fighter
keməƨ
sweatshirt
kencən wk .I
to laugh loudly, guffaw
kenil
kennel
kenn
visual cognition, sight or view; range of sight
kennhring
horizon
kennhräð
quick at identifying or recognizing things
kenning
identification (recognition)
ID (card)
kenningkartə
kenningmerkə
mark of identification, identifying mark
kenningsang
theme song
kenningstån
identification-stone
kenningtäl
social security number
kennən wk. I
to identify (recognize)
Kent, Kentland, Kentrícə
Kent
Kenting
man of Kent
Kentwərə
inhabitants of Kent
kenəp
a facial hair
mother, female parent
kenəstrə
kenət
hound
ker
tank (for liquids or gases)
kerd
a travelling tinker
kerling
old woman
kermeƨin
crimson
kermiƨ
kermes (insect)
kern
kern (printing, the part of the (metal type of a) letter which projects from the
body or shank of the type or letter)
kernəl
battlement
kernələn wk. I
to crenellate, embattle
kerrelə
complaint/ground of complaint
kerwëʒ
tanker (truck)
kesrəl
kestrel (but cf. stannel, windhover)
kestə
wild goose chase
ketl
kettle
kettling
cub of a wild cat (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah, etc.)
ketton
kitten
kevil
cleat of an athletic shoe
kevlə
a gag
kevlən wk. I
to gag
kex
kex (see OED)
key adj.
awkward
keykən wk. I
to throw the neck back disdainfully
360
keyling
cod(fish)
keyƨərə
tyrant? despot?
kid
fawn
faggot (in non-derogatory sense, a bundle of twigs for burning or to give
kiddə
firmness to loose soil)
kidleðr
kid leather
kidəl
a dam, weir, or barrier in a river, having an opening in it fitted with nets or
other appliances for catching fish
to boot
kikən wk .I
kill
small tributary river
killik
a heavy stone used on small vessels as a substitute for an anchor
kilp
handle of a vessel (= German Henkel)
kilt
kilt, pleated skirt
kiltr
kilter
kiltən wk. I
to pleat (or: to tuck up, as a skirt)
kinc
glitch
kink
kink
kinkən wk. I
to kink
kintaynə
quintain
kinwa
quinoa
rooming house
kippə
kippən wk. I
to nab
kirktún
churchyard
kirkward
church-keeper, sexton
kirkə
church (building)
piston
kirnə
kirnən wk. I
to stroke or push up and down or back and forth
kistə
coffin
kit adj.
free of obligation, debt, liability, or duty; quits
kiting
factor; part, role
kitliən wk. II
to tickle
kitlung
tickling
kittə
kit
kitən wk. I
to play a role (in), be a factor
kiþara
cithara
kladr
rattle (toy, of a snake)
kladriən wk. II
to rattle (make the noise with a rattle)
kladrsnakə
rattlesnake
kladrstikkə
rattle-stick
klagg
a knot of hair etc. produced by a sticky substance
klaggən wk. I
to clot (hair) with anything sticky; to bedaub with something sticky
klak
malicious or spiteful act
klakiən wk. II
to get cracking, start quickly
klakkə
clack of a mill
klakkən wk. I
to clack
klakláƨ
without evil intent
klakən wk. I
to cry as geese; to chatter, talk so as to bore
klambriən wk. II
to clamber
klamm adj.
clammy
361
klamm
klammiən wk. II
klamprən wk. I
klampə
klampən wk. I
klamur
kland
klang
klangən wk. I
klank
klankən wk. I
klann
klaryon
klarət or klaré
klasc
klascən
klass
prime
klassdål
klassik
klassisc adj.
klassprék
klastr
klastrən wk. I
klatriən wk. II
klatrung
klattə
klavl
klavrən wk. I
klaw
klawiən wk. II
klawstr
etc. closed off to the public
klawƨə
klaym
klaymən wk. I
klecc
klef
klekiən wk. I
klementínə
klemmnes, klemming
klemmən wk. I
klenc
klencən wk. I
klenjən wk. I
klenkən wk. I
kleppiən wk. II
klerjes
klerjlik
grip
to grip
to put together hastily or clumsily; to botch, tinker, or paste up
clamp
to clamp
clamor
precarious situation, predicament, plight, trouble
clang
to clang
clank
to clank
clan
clarion
rosé wine
clash
to clash
class (social or qualitative division); formən klassəs first-class, first-rate,
class division
(a) classic
classical
sociolect
flummox
to flummox
to clatter
clattering
toy, plaything
lintel of a window
to talk nonsense; to say things that are untrue or inaccurate
claw; talon
to claw, scratch with the claws
portion of monastery closed off to laity; any portion of a building, institution,
clause
claim (to something)
to claim, make a claim to (something that rightfully belongs to one)
the children alone of a family
clef
to breed (intr.)
clementine
jam, pinch
to pinch (of shoes), not fit, be tight; to get in a pinch, get in a jam (tr.)
clinch
to clinch
to cause to contract or clump (as by the action of cold)
to cause to clink, clink (tr.)
to strike, sound, ring, resound
woman of the clergy (?)
clerical
362
klerjon
klerjé
klerjə
klerk
klerkhåd
klett
on the shore
kletə
kleviƨ
klevr
klibb adj.
klibbnes
klibr
klidrən
klikk
klikkən wk. I
klikət
klima
klimat
klimbən str. III
opposed to stíʒən with feet only)
klingən str. III
klink
klinkard
klinki
klinkən wk. I
klint
klippən wk. I
klipr
klitr
klitrən wk. I
klitə
kliv
klivi
kliviħt
klivr
klivriən wk. II
klivrung
klivstån
klivwürt
klivə
kliwən
kliðwürt
kliðə
kliðən adj.
kloaka
klod
klodhamr
kloggə
clerk in minor orders
clergy
clergyman
clerk (officeworker)
rank of clerk, condition of being a clerk
‘clet’, a rock or cliff in the sea, broken off from the adjoining rocks or cliffs
sticktight (plant)
clevis
clever
viscous, viscid
viscosity, viscidity
sticky
clatter
click
to click
clicket
zone of the earth between given lines of latitude
climate
to climb (especially trees, rocks, cliffs, i.e. with both hands and feet, as
to clump
small change
clinker
jagged
to clink (intr.)
outcrop (of stone, rock)
to clip (= cut)
bell-clapper
a thin vibratory rattle
to make a thin vibratory rattle
coltsfoot
cliff
steep
having a cliff, precipitous, abrupt
armature (of an organism)
to loosen or stir (topsoil)
loosening, stirring (of topsoil)
great steep rock
cliff-wort
‘clivers/cleavers’, goosegrass
ball of yarn or thread, clew
rubea minor
burdock
stuck
cloaca (physiological)
clod
fieldfare
clog (weight on an animal’s foot; kind of shoe)
363
klokkə
klokkən wk. I
klokkətən wk. I
klop
klopp
klosc
klotr
klotrsáw
klott
klottiən wk. II
klov
klovə
klow
klowv
kloynən wk. I
kloystr
kloyən wk. I
kloƨűrə
kloƨət
klubbə
kluggə
klukkən wk. I
klumm interj.
klummiən wk. II
klump
klumƨ
klumƨi
stiff movement)
klumƨən wk. I
kluncə
klunt
kluntr
klustr
klutr
klutrən
kluv
anything similar to these
kluviħt
kluvwürt
kluvþung
klá
klát
OED)
klåcər
klåk
klåm
klånə adv.
klåtə
klåwən str. VII
clock
to clock, time
to play on the drum
nodule (botany)
the sound of the impact of something hard on a solid surface
croquet
pancreas
pancreatic juice
clot
to clot
split; cleavage
counterpart (?)
clove (herb)
cloven hoof
to shoplift
cloister
to cloy
anything, such as an encircling barrier, that closes off an area
repository
golf- or polo-club, gaming club
large bell
to cluck
Silence! Quiet!
to murmur, mumble, mutter
clump
numb or stiff with cold
awkward, ungainly, clumsy (such as when one collides with things because of
to become numb or stiff with cold
lout
a heavy noisy tread, a clump
dumpling
cluster, collection
clutter
to clutter
clove of garlic; segment of orange, grapefruit, etc.; layer of an onion;
segmented (of plants, fruits, vegetables)
(‘batrachion’) buttercup
crowfoot
one of the divisions of a cloven hoof
cleat (esp. in the originally nautical and agricultural senses as documented in
belfry
frock
paste; mortar; any adhesive clay or mud
downright, utterly
burr (plant)
to grip with the claws
364
klåð
cloth (fabric); with article a cloth, piece of cloth; pl. pieces of cloth
klåðflëħtə
patch
klåðiən wk. II
to bedeck with cloth, clothe in cloth
klåðwe̋ kə
wick of cloth
klåƨ adj.
closed off, off limits
klåƨ
dead-end street
klåƨən wk. I
to close off, bar, limit
kläpp
a sudden abrupt noise as of two hard or flat surfaces colliding, or the report of
a gun; also a thunderclap
kläppə
clapper (of a bell, or the tongue of a garrulous person)
kläppən wk. I
to make a sudden abrupt noise as of two hard or flat surfaces colliding, or the
report of a gun; also of thunder
kläppəting
palpitation
kläppətən wk. I
to palpitate
kläsp
clasping, clasp
kläspən wk. I
to clasp
kla̋ cən
to hold on
kla̋ ming
pasting (together); application of an adhesive (incl. adhesive mud or clay)
kla̋ mən wk. I
to paste; apply an adhesive to; smear, spread clay or mud on (as an adhesive)
kla̋ nhërt
pure in heart
morally pure
kla̋ nlik
̋
klannes
cleanness
kla̋ nyërn
cleanly
kla̋ nƨiən wk. II
to cleanse; to purify (morally), chasten, cleanse of evil; expurgate (book, etc.)
kla̋ nƨung
cleansing; (moral) purifying, chastening; expurgation
purgative drink
kla̋ nƨungdrenk
kla̋ nƨərə
(moral) ‘cleanser’, priest
kla̋ nə adj.
clean
̋
klar adj.
clear, lucid, perspicuous (speech, writing, statement, exposition); loud and
clear (words)
clearness, lucidity, perspicuity
kla̋ rnes
kla̋ rən wk. I
to make clear, make unmistakable (in words); to say or speak loudly and
clearly; to point out (clearly), show (clearly), make a show of, thrust in one’s view, exhibit manifestly
kla̋ rəndə adj.
ostensive
clover, trefoil
kla̋ vrə
kla̋ y
clay
kla̋ yi
clayey
kla̋ ywürħtə
potter
kla̋ðən wk. I
to bedeck, attire; kla̋ ðd clad
klëvə
compartment; closet, space; cabin (in a ship)
klëðə
poultice
̋
klevən str. II
to split
kle̋ vərə
cleaver (large broad knife)
kle̋ðə
scratch (blemish)
klíent
client
klík
clique
klím (v. calwerclīm)
gel
klínən wk. I
to lean towards, favour, be inclined towards (doing, someone)
klír
glandular swelling
365
klívən str. I
to adhere, stick, cleave
klíðən str. I
to get stuck
klïpiən wk. II
to call, cry (of animals); make a vocal sound, vocalize (of humans)
klïpiəndlik adj.
vocal, aloud
klïpl
vocal, sounding
klïpung
vocalization
klïpə
call, cry (of animals), vocal sound (of humans)
klïviən wk. II
to cling
klón
clone
klónən wk. I
to clone
klóʒ
clough (a narrow gorge)
klúd
conglomeration, conglomerate; agglomeration, agglomerate
klúdi adj.
conglomerate, agglomerate
klúdiən wk. II
to conglomerate, agglomerate
klúkə
grasping hands, grip, tight hold, clutch(es)
klún
clown
klúp
the sound of a cork being removed
klúpiən wk. II
to make the sound of a cork being removed
klústr
cell (of a prison, etc.)
klút
patch (incl. patches of leather, metal, etc.)
klútiən wk. II
to patch
klúƨ
floodgate, sluicegate
klúƨiən wk. II
to stymie, stump; thwart, frustrate
klúƨə
impasse
klüccən wk. I
to clench; to curve (the fingers) in
klüft
split, cleft (n.)
to clamber?
klümmiən wk. II
klümprə
lump of metal, before forging
klümpə (v. calwerclympe)
jelly
klüniən wk. II
to clog (form an obstruction)
to bong
klünnən wk. I
klünə
clog (obstruction)
klüpp
(paper-, etc.) clip
klüppən wk. I
to clip (together, as sheets of paper)
klüster
enema, clyster
klüvəs
clevis
klűƨing
penitentiary
klűƨən wk. I
to lock up, shut away, make inaccessible
knablən wk. I
to nibble
knagg
a short spur or stiff projection from the trunk of a tree; the base of a branch,
especially if something protrudes from it
knakk
sharp abrupt noise, as wehn stones are struck together
knakkən wk. I
to make a sharp abrupt noise, as when stones are struck together
knall
type (for use in printing)
knalliən wk. II
to type, typewrite
knallmåħinə
typewriter
knappiən wk. II
to button (up)
knappən wk .I
to snap or break by a smart blow
knapə
attendant(-boy), page, squire, waiter
366
knark
knarr
knarrə
knavisc
knavə
kneccən wk .I
kneppən wk. I
knikk
knikkən
knippən wk. I
knobbə
knobl
knoll
knop
knoppə
knoss
knossiən wk. II
knot
knotl
knotméləm adv.
knottiən wk. II
knottə
knubbə
knuk
knukiən wk. II
knukl
knurl
ornamentation or other purpose
knurrə
knátiən wk. II
knátung
knåwla̋ c
knåwla̋ cing
knåwla̋ cən wk. I
knåwən str. VII
knäpling
knäpp
knétiən wk. II
knëdən str. V
knërd
knërdlik
knërdla̋ cən
knërdnes
knëw
knëwiən wk. II
knëwméy
knëwrím
knëwsibb
knëħt
a hard-hearted, unfeeling person
galley (ship)
knot in a tree; node
rascally, knavish
rascal, knave
to criticize strongly, attack in words
to snap (with the teeth), bite in a short or abrupt way
a light-sounding snap or crack as with the fingers
to snap, or crack lightly (the fingers, etc.)
of cattle: to bite or crop (grass)
knob, bump, protrusion
a small knob, bump, or protrusion
knoll
clitoris
knot in wool, fur, hair, etc. (cf. burl)
crash; clash
to clash (collision)
? (see below)
little knot
superficially, cursorily
to tie in a knot, tie a knot in
(tied) knot
nodule (mineralogy, geology)
knock
to knock (on a door, on wood)
knuckle
a small bead or ridge, esp. one of a series worked upon a metal surface for
hard swelling, excrescence, or concretion
to debate
debate
acknowledgment
owning up to, acknowledging, acknowledgment
to acknowledge; own up to
to know (someone), be acquainted or familiar with
youngster
button (for fastening)
to dispute
to knead
diligent
careful, exact, painstaking
to be diligent, take pains (to)
diligence
step in a pedigree, generation
to know carnally
kinsman, relation, ancestor
progeny, family
generation (related persons of the same generation)
(older) boy, youth, (male) adolescent, (male) teenager
367
knëħthåd
knëħtisc
knëħtlik
knëħtscepə
knëħtwëƨəndə adj.
knëħtwíƨə
knëħtyuʒəð
knëħtþáwəƨ
kne̋
kne̋ béying
kne̋ d
kne̋ holən
kne̋ käppə
kne̋ liən wk. II
kne̋ ris
kne̋ wrist
kne̋ wärk
kne̋ yəbed
knídən str. I
knív
knódən str. VII
knóƨl
knóƨlyəliƨə
knúyən wk. II
knüccən wk. I
knüklən wk. I
knüll
knüllən
knürnədə
knüssing
knüssən wk. I
knüttəlƨ
knüttən wk. I
kobbə
kobbən wk. I
kobl
koblərə
kodd
koddinkl
koddə
kodik
kodizill
kodling
kofin
kofr
koggə
koglən
when stepped on
kokk
adolescence, youth, being a (male) adolescent or youth
juvenile (in behaviour), pubescent
juvenile, of (male) adolescence
(male) puberty
as a (male) adolescent or teenager, when a (male) adolescent or teenager
juvenile way, boyishness
adolescent days, teenage days (of a male)
adolescent manners, boyish ways
knee
genuflection; curtsy
having big knees
knee-holly, butcher’s broom
kneecap, patella
to kneel
generation (descent)
knee-joint
pain in the knee
prayer on one’s knees
#(OE = to beat)
pocketknife, clasp-knife, penknife
to attribute to, assign to, load with
stock, pedigree, lineage, ancestry
genealogy (study)
to jab
to attach
to make a fist
sound of a bell
to toll a bell
gnarled, knotty
crashing, crash
to crash, crash into
tangle; plexus
to knit
big burly man; powerful man, influential man
to strike or beat with a flat instrument
cobblestone
cobbler
sac; (civet-, musk-)bag
follicle
buffer (to lessen shock or absorb impact)
‘lapsana’ = charlock
codicil (also ervbőktóécnes)
codling (fish)
crate
drawer (in furniture)
cog
to oscillate unsteadily, as a boat when people stand up in it, or a round stone
male bird
368
kokkl
kokkrəl
kokkə
kokkən wk. I
kokna̋ y
kokr
kokón
kokət
kol
kolbläk
koldr
kolfox
koli
kolik
kolkə
kollegisc adj.
kollegyə
kollekta
kollik
kollup
kollə
kollən, kollənferħþ adj.
kollənkroʒ
kolmåƨə
Kolombisc adj.
Kolombya
kolombín
kolossisc adj.
kolossus
kolpütt
kolr
kolrakə
kolswart adj.
kolt
koltgréy
koluk
kolumnə
kolyər
kolé
kolʒiən wk. II
kolþréd
kolə
kolən wk. I
kolərik
kombr
kombrnes
kombrən wk. I
komma
kommúnism
cockle (plant)
young male bird
haycock, cock of grain (or of dung, wood, turf, etc.)
to oppugn
spoiled child, milksop
quiver (for arrows)
cocoon
stuck up, proud
coal (mineral)
coal-black
male kid
brant-fox
coaly, covered or replete with coal; coal-black
colic
coke (form of coal)
collegiate
official body, board, college, directorial staff
collect (prayer)
carbonaceous, of coal
collop, minced meat
massacre
conceited
water-lily, nymphaea
coalmouse, titmouse
Colombian
Colombia
columbine (plant)
colossal
colossus
coal pit
collar
coal-rake
coal-black
colt (young male horse, mule, ass, or camel)
colt’s foot (plant)
wide-bellied drinking vessel with handles, ‘cantharus’
column (on a page)
collier, coal-dealer
accolade
to make black or dirty with coal-dust or soot; to blacken, smut, begrime
plumb-line
open vat
to embrace round the neck
choleric
inconvenience, bother, trouble, problem
encumbrance
to encumber; to inconvenience
comma
communism
369
kommúnist
kommúnistisc adj.
kommúnyə
komod
kompanyon
kompanyə
kompas
kompot
kompílən wk. I
kométa
koműn
koncerto
konfiryə
konfit
konfort
konfortiən wk. II
kongr
koning
koningər
konjeyə
konjeyən
konkrét
konsol
konsolbe̋ d
konsonant
konstruyən wk. I
konsul
konsulscepə
kont
konthlað
kontraband
kontrabasso
kontré
kontə
kontən wk. I
konvert
konyak
konzentriən wk. II
konzert
konzeyt
konzil
kopiən wk. II
kopl adj.
kopp
koppə
koppədə
kopr
kopyə
kopyən wk. I
a communist
communsit
song sung at Eucharist
commode
boarder
room and board
(navigational) compass
compote (food)
to compile
comet (also täylstërrə)
commune
concerto
comfrey
comfit, candied fruit or nut
moral or spiritual strength
to strengthen morally or spiritually
conger (eel)
rabbit
rabbit warren, rabbit burrow
leave to depart, permission to leave
to bid farewell to, dismiss
concrete (the substance)
console, ornamental bracket
console table
consonant
to construe
consul
consulate
earl, count
calculator
contraband
contrabass, double bass
landscape
computation, calculation
to calculate, compute
proselyte, convert
cognac
to concentrate (on); to focus (one’s attention, etc.)
(musical) concert
notion
council
to pilfer
rickety
summit
small spider
polled, lopped, pollard
copper
subject matter, material (for journalists, writers, etc.)
to report on (as a journalist, writer, etc.),
370
kopyər
journalist, writer (e.g. for a magazine, newspaper)
kor
core (of fruit, etc.)
koral
coral
korbl
corbel
korcíð
ovary of a flower
kord
chord
kordwánərə
cordwainer
kordəroy
corduroy
korkə
cork (substance)
korn
grain (seed of cereals; peppercorn; particle; grain of sand or salt; sg. without
article grain collectively, corn (Brit.))
kornbérə adj.
grain- or seed-bearing, having a grain or seed
kornellə
cornel (= dogwood)
kornhwiccə
corn-bin
kornhúƨ
granary
kornlik adj.
granular
kornlåd
leading of grain
kornséd
seed of grain
korntroʒ
grain-trough
kornte̋ ðung
tithe of corn
purple dye for grain
kornwurmə
kornwürcnes
grain product
kornyəbrot
grain dropped in carrying it to the barn
kornyəscot
payment in grain
kornyəséli
blessed in grain
kornäppl
pomegranate
chaff
kornäscədə
kornəlínə
cornelian
kornət
cornet
koronet
coronet
pome
korovət
korporal
corporal (military rank)
korposanto
St. Elmo’s fire
kors
(the) bulk (of something), main part, main mass
korsna̋ d
piece of consecrated bread which an accused person swallowed as a test of
innocence
korsət
corset
kortə
cohort
korv
hamper (clothes-basket, or a large lidded basket)
korvlbőv
ground beef
korvlhlað
food processor
korvliən wk. II
to mince (meat, vegetables), grind (meat)
korvlkït
ground meat, minced meat
korðr
parade
korən adj.
favourite
korənbáʒ
(semicircular) crown
korənfávur
favouritism
korənlik
preferred
korənnes
state of being favourite
371
kosekant
cosecant (of trigonometry)
kosin
cosine (of trigonometry)
kosp
band, bond (= restraint, chain, fetter, shackle, manacle)
koss
kiss
kossiən wk. II
to pucker up; to pucker (the lips)
kossətən wk. I
to kiss repeatedly or lengthily, smother with kisses
kost
option, alternative, choice, possibility
Kostaríka
Costa Rica
Kostaríkisc adj.
Costa Rican
kostiən wk. II
to test (someone), try (e.g. someone’s patience), make trial of; fərkostiən wk.
II to tempt
kostiənd
one who tests someone, tempter
kostlik
optional
kostnes
tribulation, trial
kostrələ
large glass vessel (such as used in a distillery, etc.)
kostung
trying of someone’s patience; fərkostung temptation
kostərə
annoying person
kot
cottage
kotanjent
cotangent (of trigonometry)
kotlív
villa
koton
cotton
kotsetlə
cottager
kotstów
cottage location, cottage area, cottage site
kotsétə
cotset, cottar
kottuk
okra
cottier (farmer who lives by his own labour)
kotyər
kotə
cote (small shed for animals)
kovgod
household god
kovinkl
closet
kovə
a small room, space, chamber; a recess in a rock, cave, den
successful move, stroke, attempt, etc.; a ‘hit’ (e.g. hit song, hit movie); with
kowp
genitive of word meaning ‘genius’: stroke of genius
kowpez
coppice
kowpron
ornament on the lid of a vessel, ‘capitellum’
kowpən (wk.)
to barter
kowə
a little hut built over a mineshaft (to protect it, or as a repository for tools, ore,
etc.)
koy adj.
coy
koyl
coil
koylən wk. I
to coil
koyn
quince
koynt
old-fashioned, befitting the past
koyntíƨə
experience, maturity, wisdom (positive qualities of age)
koytə
quoit
koyƨi adj.
queasy
koði adj.
suffering from a contagious disease
koðlik adj.
contagious; epidemic
koðə
contagion, contagious disease; epidemic
koħlya
cochlea (of the ear)
372
koħħiən wk. II
to cough (esp. a dry cough)
koħħə
cough (esp. a dry cough)
koħħətən wk. I
to cough repeatedly
krabbə
crab; Cancer
kraccən wk. I
to scratch (an itch, scratch off, etc.)
kradl
(rocking-)cradle
kradlcild
infant in the cradle
kragg
crag
krak
crack (noise)
krakiən wk. II
to crack (make the noise)
krakling
cracklings
krakliən wk. II
to crackle
kraknəl
cracknel
krakəting
croaking
krakətən wk. I
to croak
krall
bun (hairstyle)
to tie in a bun
krallən wk. I
kramb
a stick with hook at the end of it, to pull down the boughs of a tree, to draw
weeds out of ditches, etc.
kraml
small piece of dirt, litter, crumbs, refuse etc. left lying on the floor
krammiən wk. II
to stuff, cram
krammungpoħħə
#(OE = ‘viscarium’)
kramp adj.
difficult to make out, understand, or decipher
kramp
cramp (iron)
krampådl
tetanus
krampə
cramp (spasm)
kramƨən wk. I
to scratch or paw with the feet
kran
crane (machine)
krancən wk. I
to crunch
krani
cranny
krank
crank
krankstäv
weaving implement
krans
crance (nautical term, see OED)
kranuk
crane (bird)
krapawt
toadstone; piece of jewelry containing a precious stone
krappə
crap (and in American meanings as well)
krascən wk. I
to make a crashing noise (as when things collide or are struck together); to
clash (as cymbals)
krask
burly
kravant adj.
craven
kraviən wk. II
to demand
kravlən wk. I
to crawl (esp. of insects, arthropods)
kravung
demand
kraysət
cresset (drum containing oil, wood, rope, or coal, to be burnt for light; firebasket for giving light on a wharf, etc.)
kraʒə
craw, crop of bird
kraƨən wk. I
to break by squeezing or concussion
krecə
a rack to hold fodder for horses or cattle in a stable or cowshed
kredik
baking-dish, deep dish
373
kredit
kreditha̋ də
kreditkartə
kredityəmercə
kredl
krek
krekiən wk. II
krempən wk. I
krencəstrə
krenjən wk. I
krenkliən wk. II
krenəl
kreolə
kreosot
krescendo
kressant
kressiħt
kressə
krestə
kretonəƨ
kreyon
kribb
krikkə
krikə
kril
krimmən str. III
krimpən str. III
kring
kringlə
kringwrak
kringən str. III
krink
krinklən wk. I
krippiən wk. I
krisp adj.
krispiən wk. II
kriðə
Kroatisc
Kroatya
krocə
krocət
krod
krodsőcənd
kroft
krokkə
krokodíl
kronik
kronikwrítən str. I
kropp
(monetary) credit
credit status, credit rating
credit card
credit limit
cot
creak
to creak (high-pitched)
to tuck (in, e.g. the bed, one’s shirt, etc.)
spinster (?)
to cringe
to crinkle
crenel
creole (person)
creosote
crescendo
crescent (ornament, figure)
full of cress
cress, water-cress
crest
greaves (refuse of tallow)
crayon
crib
crick
inlet (of the sea, a river, etc.)
krill
to force in, cram
to crimp, corrugate, fold or compress into frills or wrinkles
downfall, slaughter, fall in battle
cringle
downfall as retribution
to fall in battle, be slain
buskin
to crinkle
to squash
crisp
to crisp = fry, roast or toast to a crisp
a movable rack for feeding beasts out of doors
Croatian
Croatia
a pole forked on top
crotchet (in music)
assemblage, group, pack, bunch, gang, band, troop, clique
gregarious
croft (small cultivated field adjacent to a house)
crucible (used in chemistry)
crocodile
log (of events)
to keep a log
goitre
374
kroppiħt adj.
bunched, clustered
kropplák
#(OE = garlic)
kroppə
bunch
kroppən wk. I
to crop
kross
cross (except as used for hanging); crossing
krossen wk. I
to cross (esp. ‘go across’)
krozə
question mark (= freynpunkt)
kroʒ
crocus
kroħħscärd
potsherd
kroħħwürħtə
maker of crocks, potter
kroħħə
crock, earthenware pot
krud
queue
kruddə
gastric juice
kruft
crypt
krukkən wk. I
to contort
krull
curl (esp. of hair)
krulli adj.
curly
krullən wk. I
to curl (esp. hair, or like hair)
krumb
crooked (not straight), bent
krumpet
crumpet
krumplən wk. I
to crumple
krumə
crumb
krundl
large broad pit, chalk-pit, quarry
krupər
crupper (see OED)
kruscən wk. I
to squish
krust
crust
quiche
krustadə
krustədə
having a crust
kruys
crossing, place where paths or roads cross
kruyƨé
crusade
croissant
krwasanʒ
krád
throng
krákə
crake (bird)
krám
stall or site where goods are sold in a market or fair (with article or in plural);
the wares offered for sale thereat (without article)
kráƨ adj.
delicate
kráƨlik adj.
dainty
kráƨnes
delicacy (delicate state or condition)
kråcə
croche (one of the buds or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn)
kråkiən
to utter a harsh grating cry (of certain birds)
kråwfót
crowfoot, buttercup
kråwlák
crow-garlic
kråwə
crow
kråwən str. VII
to crow, caw
kräft
skill, talent, art
kräftgláw
masterly, expert
kräfti
skilful, skilled, talented
kräftlik
artificial
kräftláƨ
unskilled, untalented
375
kräftmann
skilled worker, professional
kräftsprék
technical language, jargon
kräftwërk
skilled workmanship
kräftyə
craftsman, artisan
kräftʒiən wk. II
to make skilled
kräftən wk. I
to fashion, handcraft; əvkräftən to bring about, contrive
krät
two-wheeled chariot (such as used by the Romans and Greeks)
kräthors
horse that draws a chariot
krätwäyn
two-wheeled carriage
krätwíƨə
charioteer
kra̋ p
crepe, crape
krédə
creed
krémə
frosting, icing (on a cake)
kre̋ pde̋ r
reptile
kre̋ ping
crawling
to crawl, move slowly on all fours (as of humans either when young or when
kre̋ pən str. II
disabled, or reptiles), move slowly (as of traffic)
kre̋ pərə
crawler
kríʒən str. I
to seethe
kríən wk. I
to call out, announce (as a town crier does, or as a commentator at tourneys,
games, spectacles, etc.)
crier, announcer, commentator
kríərə
krı̋ pl
narrow passage (or: burrow?)
krı̋ plyät
narrow opening in a wall or fence
kró
offshoot
krók
crook (large hook)
to bend so as to deform
krókiən wk. II
krónə
crone
krónən wk. I
to croon
krótə
glob
a coop of wickerwork or metal spars placed at a weir as a fish-trap
króvə
króʒ
urn, vase
króʒkünn
kind of urn, wine-jar
króƨ
mesentery
crucible of a furnace
krösət
kröws
cruise
kröwsən wk. I
to cruise
krúcə
crucifix (cross with a figure of Jesus Christ on it)
krúcən wk. I
to crouch
krúcət
crucifixion
krúcəthúƨ
torture-chamber
krúd
rough, general, approximate, crude (figure, measurement, amount); not
carefully made or done, crude (work, job, product); lacking refinement, simple, rustic, crude, boorish, uncouth,
uncultivated, lacking breeding, lacking manners, lacking fashionability, etc. (person); lacking detail or
particularity (text, story, summary)
krúdlən wk. I
to draw oneself together, as for warmth
krúdən str. II
to shove, push around
krúkə
jug
krúniən wk. II
to crown (as king or queen only; see báʒiən wk. II)
376
krúnung
krúnə
krúpə
krúð
krúƨ
krúƨnə
krúƨə
krücc
krümbing
krümbən
krümiən wk. II
krümlik
krümmən wk. I
krüpl
krüplnes
krüppən
krüstallə
krűəl adj.
krűət
kub
kubbə
kud
kudlə
kudtre̋
kuffyə
kuffə (koffə?)
kuffən wk. I
kuk
kuklər
kuklərmél
kukstól
kukwald
kukən
kuld
kuldsetn
kuldtíd
kulis
kulling
kulm
kulmillə
kulpiən wk. II
kulplik
kulpon
kulpə
kult
kultr
kultúrláƨ, kultúrwan adj.
kultúrə
kulur
coronation
crown
horse’s ass
a stringed instrument similar to a fiddle
ill-humoured, out of humour
muffler for the hands
cruse
crutch
inclination, bent, tendency
to bend, tend, incline, lean over (because bent)
to coat with crumbs
crumbly
to crumble, break into crumbs
a cripple
paralysis
to crook (finger), close (hand), bend like a hook
crystal
callous
cruet
cube
young fox or wolf
gum (esp. of trees)
squid
gum-tree, eucalyptus
beret, tam (o’shanter)
cuff (of a sleeve)
to cuff
poop
spoon
spoonful
cuckingstool
cuckold
to poop
latter days, twilight, period of decline
first hours of night
evening
cullis
shipyard
anthracite
small centaury
to humble oneself, cringe
culpable
scrap of food (e.g. for the less fortunate, for the dog)
culpability
cult
coulter
philistine; kultúrwan firə a philistine
culture (social)
cosmetic, makeup
377
kulvrə
wood-pigeon
kulvərt
culvert
kulyon
a jerk, cad = arrogant, insensitive man or youth (esp. towards women)
to round up
kulyən wk. I
kumb
coomb (in specific sense in OED); ‘cirque’ (glacial feature)
kumbl
banner
kumblhaʒə
compact rank, phalanx
kumblhetə
hatred for another team, organization, or warring party
kumblwïʒə
warrior carrying a banner or standard
kumblyəbrek
crash of banners, battle
kumblyəhnåst
collision of banners, battle
kumfërm
entertainment for guests
kuml
hemorrhoid, haemorrhoid
kumling
one who has come to a place, as distinguished from its permanent residents:
an immigrant, newcomer, stranger, sojourner
kumliən wk. II
to flag, become limp
kumlíðiən wk. II
to treat (well) as a customer
kumlíðnes
friendliness toward customers
kumlíðə
customer-friendly
kummåƨə
‘parra’, kind of bird: green woodpecker? plover?
customer
kumə
kumən (past kwam, kwómən) to come
kunning
erudition; expertise; mastery (of a subject, discipline, skill, technique); knowhow, savvy
kunniən wk. II
to study (a subject, discipline, field), learn thoroughly, acquire (a skill,
technique)
kunnsum adj.
studious
kunnung
study; acquisition of a skill
kunnungbók
textbook
kunnungfultəm
scholarship (prize)
syllabus (study-list)
kunnunglistə
kunnunglåd
course of study
kunnunglån
student loan
kunnungskrá
curriculum
kunnungyəhwërv
(academic) course
kunnungyətı̋ ʒ
syllabus
kunnən
to know or understand (a subject, discipline, field of study, skill, technique)
thoroughly, have mastered, know how (to); to be conversant in; to know (a person) well, know intimately; past
kúðə, kúðən, hypothetical kűðə, kűðən
kunnəndə
erudite; conversant; expert; savvy; knowledgeable (in)
kunnərə
student, one who studies
kuntə
vulva
kunəglössə
hound’s-tongue
kunələ
wild thyme
kupl
coupling, union; wedded or engaged couple (also tweyn)
kuplən wk. I
to couple
kuppə
cup
kupron
ornament or handle on the lid of a vessel
kupé
coupé
378
kurant
kurarí
kurb
kurbə
kurbən wk. I
kurcév
kurfüw
kurkuma
kurliw
kurmallə
kurondam
kurrey
kurreyən
kurrə
kurrən wk. I
kurs
kurset
kursiən wk. II
kursung
kurt
kurteys
kurteysyə
kurtil
kurtin
kurtyər
kurvet
kurájful
kurájə
kurát
kurátur
kurƨumbr
kuscin
kuskus
kust
kustakont
kustil
kustlik
kustla̋ w
kustűm
kustən wk. I
kut
kutiən
kutlas
kutlər
kuttə
kuvert
kuvin
another)
kuvitsum
currant
curare, curari
curved, rounded
(street-) curb, kerb, raised edge or margin
to curve
kerchief
curfew
turmeric
curlew
centaury
corundum
a (military) detachment, armament, battalion
to curry
cur
to coo (like a pigeon or dove)
a curse, malediction
exemption from payment of taxes (such as granted to certain elected officials)
to curse, damn
cursing, damnation
king’s court
courteous; well-mannered
good manners, etiquette; courtesy
precinct(s) (esp. original English meaning)
curtain
courtier
curvet
confident, self-confident, assured
confidence, self-confidence, assurance
curate
curator
air freshener
cushion
couscous
cost
expense account
a double-edged dagger
costly
very expensive, sumptuous (in a bad sense)
costume
to cost
ration
to ration
cutlass
cutler
labia; micəlrə kuttə labia majora lűtəlrə kuttə labia minora
covert
covin, collusion (privy agreement between two or more to the prejudice of
covetous
379
kuvitən
kuvl
kuvé
kuvələ
kuyfə
kuyn
kuʒlə
kuƨin
kuƨinə
kwadrant
kwaggən wk. I
kwakiən wk. II
kwakiəndlik adj.
kwaksalvərə
kwakung
kwal
kwalm
kwalmbalu
kwalmbérnes
kwalmbérə
kwalmbérən
kwalmful
kwalmiən wk. II
kwalmlik
kwalmstedə
kwalmstów
kwalmþrá
kwant
kwantyəliƨə
kwappən wk. I
kwart
kwartett
kwarto
kwartərn
kwartərnlik
kwartərnward
kwarz
kwaternáryə
kwatiən wk. II
kwatrayn
kwatərn
kwaviən wk. II
kwavriən wk. II
kwavrung
kwaylən wk. I
kweccing
kweccən
kweddiən wk. II
kwellən wk. I
to covet
fall (of women’s coiffure)
covey (of partridges, quails, pigeons, etc.)
cowl2 (vessel)
coif
quoin
cowl
male cousin (on mother’s side)
female cousin (on mother’s side)
quadrant (instrument)
to shake (of soft or flabby things)
to vibrate
vibratory
quack(salver)
vibration
killing, violent death
death-throes, painful death, death-suffering; agony
the evil of death-suffering
condition for causing a painful death or agony
causing a painful death; agonizing
to cause a painful death
in the throes of death; in agony
to be in the throes of death; to be in agony, agonize
(insidiously) pernicious
site of agony (on the body)
place of painful death
threat of painful death
quantum
quantum mechanics
to pulse, pulsate
quart
quartet
quarto
prison
of a prison
prison guard
quartz
Quaternary (period)
to stuff (the stomach with food (and fig.); often ovərkwatiən wk. II overstuff)
quatrain
the number four at dice
to jiggle
(of the voice) to quaver, tremble
tremolo
to quail
jostling
to jostle
to address (a superior; in a letter)
to kill
380
kwellənd
killer
kwellərə
executioner
kwencən wk. I
to put an end to, stifle, suppress (something bad)
kwenfuʒl
female bird
kwenhirdə
eunuch
kwenisc
womanish; effeminate (of men)
kwenkən wk. I
to quench, extinguish, put out
kwenə
woman, female: a contemptuous term connoting the lesser attributes of
women, like German Weib and Dutch wijf
kwerk
the angle of the throat and the under part of the jaw
kwerkən wk. I
to choke (with the hands)
kwert
mellow (of people, sounds, light, colour; not of fruit, wine, earth, or
substances)
kweynən wk. I
to bother, disturb
kweyƨə
bruise, bleeding, or hardened blood, below the finger- or toenail (the visible
dark spot so produced)(see cweise in OED)
alleged, ostensible, reported, reputed; so-called
kweðənlik adj.
kwibl
pun
kwiblən wk. I
to pun
kwicə
couch grass (quitch grass)
kwidbók
book of statements, record of statements (e.g. like Hansard)
to state
kwiddiən wk. II
kwiddiəndlik adj.
(gramm.) indicative
kwidláƨ
speechless
kwidlə
trifling discussion or discourse
to discourse or discuss in a trifling way
kwidlən wk. I
kwidyedd
spoken tale or fable
kwidə
statement; declaration
kwik
alive, living
kwikbám
aspen
kwikbámbark
aspen bark
kwikbámən
of aspen
kwikfűr
moving fire
kwikheyə
living hedge
living and moving
kwikhrőrəndə adj.
kwiklik
viable
kwikling
animation
kwikliən wk. II
to move about rapidly
kwiklåk
a living sacrifice
kwiklíkə
movie, film
kwiklən wk. I
to animate, vivify; animate (movies)
kwikstån
(volcanic) magma
kwiksïlvr
quicksilver, mercury
kwiksúƨl
living hell
kwiksúƨlən
like living hell, purgatorial
kwiktre̋
aspen
kwiktre̋ bark
aspen bark
kwiktre̋ n
of aspen
̋
kwikaħt
livestock, living property
381
kwil
quill
kwinkən str. III
to be extinguished, go out, burn out; be eclipsed, vanish (of light)
kwintet
quintet
quip
kwippə
kwippən wk. I
to quip
kwirk
quirk
kwirki adj.
quirky
kwivr
agog
kwið
womb, uterus
kwiðútsnidə
hysterectomy
kwiðənlik
(‘from the womb’) inborn, genetic, natural
kwot
quote, quotation
kwota
quota
kwotən wk. I
to quote
kwozyent
quotient
kwád
crud, caked deposit
kwådə
cobbler’s wax
kwåni
displeased, dissatisfied, unhappy
kwåniən wk. II
to deplore
kwånung
lamentation, deploring (of something)
kwäkk
quack
to quack
kwäkkən wk. I
kwäld
plague; disaster causing widespread death, catastrophe
kwäldbérə
pestiferous
kwäldflód
deluge
kwäldful
disastrous, catastrophic, catastrophically deadly
plague-ridden
kwäldiħt
kwäldróv
catastrophic
kwällə
sprinkler
kwälming
torment, physical abuse
to be tormented
kwälmiən wk. II
kwälmstów
place of torment
kwälmən wk. I
to torment
kwa̋ ð
expression, manner of speaking, parlance, idiom
idiomatic
kwa̋ ðisc
kwéd adj.
ill-mannered, surly, bad-tempered, rude, uncivil, hostile (adult), poorly
behaved (child, animal), vicious (animal)
kwéd, kwédnes
‘venom’, hostility, bad temper, bad attitude; rudeness, surliness, incivility,
bad behaviour
kwéƨən wk. I
to dash (against)(OE cwȳsan, presumably for *cwīesan)
kwëdl
talkative (especially of things that have little basis in fact)
kwëlən (past part. kwolən) str. IV to be killed; to die a violent death as opposed to natural death by disease,
starvation, or bodily malfunction
kwërn
quern, handmill, grinder; food processor
kwërnbill
‘lapidaria’, a stone chisel for dressing querns
kwërnbrunnə
#(OE = mill-stream)
kwërnhlað
food processor
kwërnstån
quernstone (v. OED)
kwërntóð pl. kwërntőð
molar tooth
382
kwërrə
surfeit, indigestion
kwërrən str. III
to guzzle, gorge
kwëðən (past part. kweðən) str. V to claim, allege, say (without confidence or with little basis in fact);
kweðən alleged, reputed, supposed, said (to be)
kwínən str. I
to lose strength, lose power, become weak, become feeble, diminish, fade,
peter out
kwíðing
making a fuss, fussing
kwíðnes
fuss
to make a fuss, fuss
kwíðən wk. I
kwíʒə
female calf
kwïd
chewing tobacco; with article piece of chewing tobacco
kwïkiən wk. II
to come to life, come alive, become living
kwïkung
a coming alive, revival
pleasing, pleasant (person), nice
kwőmful
kwőming
pleasing, satisfaction (of someone)
of pleasing appearance, beauteous, neat, tidy, well-dressed
kwőmlik
kwőmnes
agreeability, acceptability, pleasing quality
kwőmə
pleasing, agreeable, acceptable (to a person dat.), fine, fair and square, all
right
kwőmən
to be pleasing, agreeable, or acceptable (to dat.)
queen
kwőn
kwőnlik
queenly
kyanti
chianti
ká
grackle
kábl
chain cable
kádə
a sheep-tick or sheep-louse
kájə
cage
kájən wk. I
to encage
kál
kale (plant of genus Brassica like cabbage but whose leaves are not formed
into a compact head, i.e. Brassica oleracea acephala, also known as borecole)
kámuƨ
pug-nosed
kámə
curb (for a horse)
kámədə
snub-nosed
kániən wk. II
to develop mould, rot, go bad; (of milk) turn sour
kánung
development of mould, putrefaction; souring (of milk)
kánə
cane (plant), sugarcane
káp
cape (landform)
Káp Verde
Cape Verde
kápə
cape (garment)
kás
case (grammatical; instance)
kásə
(large) case, (large) container, box, chest, crate, bin
kátur
caterer
káturiən wk. II
to cater
kátəryə
caterer’s service and establishment
kátəƨ
bought provisions
káv
cavern
kávi/káviħt
cavernous
kåkə
rabbet
kålənd
first day of the month
383
kåm
kån
kånrót
kåp
kår
kåstwardə
kåstə
kåtə
kåv adj.
kåvlik
kåvnes
kåvscepə
kåwl
kåy
kåƨərdóm
kåƨəring
kåƨərlik
kåƨərn
kåƨərə
käfstr
käfstriən wk. II
käldə
käldən wk. I
källə
amnion (umbrkällə)
käppə
käviən wk. II
kävrtún
kävung
ka̋ cən wk. I
ka̋ son
ka̋ t
ka̋ tən wk. I
ka̋ vən wk. I
ka̋ y
ka̋ yborə
ka̋ yhirdə
ka̋ yhrünə
ka̋ ylokə
kélə
kérosen
kérən wk. I
két adj.
kétonúrya
kétón
kétə
kétən wk. I
kéʒl
këft
grime (<ON kām; see coom in OED)
germ (of wheat, etc.)
radicle
cope
corps
coast guard
coast
garment made of animal skins, furs, or pelts (as worn by primitive peoples)
lively; animated, energetic, vivacious, enthusiastic, outgoing, bright, spirited
vigorous, strenuous (e.g. exercise, activity)
energy, enthusiasm, liveliness, vivacity, spirit
alacrity
cole (any plant of genus Brassica)
decoy
empire
drachma, didrachma (coin with Casar’s head on it)
imperial
empress
emperor
headstall
#(OE = to bridle, curb)
the cold
to make cold, to chill
serous membrane: peritoneum (þarmkällə), pericardium (hërtkällə), or
cap (of an oil-well, for a gun, etc.); bottlecap
to embellish
vestibule, entrance(-room)
embellishment
to draw (water, a breath; wisdom, strength, knowledge út from)
caisson
awesome (also in colloq. senses)
to condole
to enliven, liven up, animate
key (for a door, lock)
key-bearer, jailor
keeper of keys, person in charge
keynote
locked depository
a small cask for liquor, to be poured from directly
kerosene
to fish for (compliments, answers, etc.)
quiet (OF quiete)
ketonuria
ketone
quiet (noun)
to quiet, make quiet
pin in bowling or skittles; kéʒləƨ bowling, ninepin, skittles
bend of the jaw under the ear
384
këniən wk. II
to beget, engender, produce
këniənd
parent, progenitor
këniəndlik
genital
kënnes
production, creation
kënung
begetting, procreation, engendering
kënungtíd
time of procreation
këri
curry
kërnwürdi adj.
terse, pithy, sententious
kërnə
pip, small seed, kernel (of a nut or fruit)(ON kjarni); nucleus (of an atom or
cell, also called nuklews, esp. of the atom); fig. nucleus, heart, core, centre
kërr
boggy or fenny copse, a fen or bog grown over with low bushes, willows,
alders, etc.
kërv
cut of meat
kërving
sculpture
kërvsäx
sculptor’s knife
kërvən (pret. karv, kurvən, pptl. korvən) str. III to sculpt, carve, chisel; to carve (meat)
kërvərə
sculptor
ke̋ l
keel (boat) (ON kjóll)
kíbə
ulcerated chilblain
kíkən wk. I
to peep (look from a hole)
poor thing
kímə
kínin
quinine
kít adv.
quite
kítə
ham (meat from pig’s thigh)
kítən wk. I
to settle a debt or obligation, repay in full
kíwi
kiwi, apteryx
kiwi (fruit)
kíwiovət
kïl
keel (of ship) (ON kjǫlr)
kïlson
keelson/kelson
kït
meat (ON kjǫt)
kïtball
meatball
butcher’s shop
kïthúƨ
kïtklümpə
aspic
kïtmangərə
butcher, meat-seller
kïtmät
meat dish
kı̋
chough
kóbalt
cobalt
kóbl
coble (in Scottish sense, see OED)
kóbra
cobra
kóc
coach (type of carriage)
kók
cook
kóka
coca
kókiən wk. II
to cook, prepare food
kókniən wk. II
to season (food)
kóknung
seasoning (of food, for food)
kóko
coconut
kókpannə
cooking-pan, frying-pan
kókpott
cooking-pot, cooker
kókyə
cookie, biscuit
385
kókín
cocaine
kól
cool
kóla
cola
kóladrenk
cola drink
kólfétəlƨ
refrigerator, fridge
kóliən wk. II
to become cool; cool off, be refreshed
kólnes
coolness
kóp
t-shirt
kópniən wk. II
to await longingly
kópnərə
(esp. secret) lover
kópyuƨ adj.
copious
kóstr
a hanging for a bed or the walls of a room
kótə
coot (bird)
kóxiən wk. II
to cook, roast, bake, boil, fry
kóƨi adj.
cozy
coliander, coriander, cilantro
kölləndrə
köppən wk. I
to meet, intercept, throw oneself in the way of, stop the course of, receive the
force of (a blow), catch liqud so as to prevent from falling
köyr
a drive, trip (in a vehicle)
köyraz
cuirass
köyri
quarry, captured game
köyrjam
traffic jam
köyrlampə
headlight
köyrtåkn
traffic sign
köyrta̋ cərə
driving instructor
tr. to drive (a vehicle, or drive someone somewhere) intr. to drive, go (in a
köyrən str. I
vehicle, but usually as driver, not as passenger, for which rídən q.v.)
köyrənd
driver (of a vehicle)
köyrərə
chauffeur
kő
pigtail
a lump of congealed fat
kőc
kőcl
little cake; cupcake, muffin
kőlnes
cooling; keeling (see OED, esp. keel the pot)
kőlən wk. I
to cool; to keel (see OED, esp. keel the pot)
boldness
kőnð
kőnə adj.
bold
kőpniən wk. II
to look forward to, await eagerly
kőpən wk. I
to keep an eye on, watch, keep an eye out (for), be alert (for)
kőr
choir (group)
kőristə
chorister
kú (pl. kű)
cow
kúard
coward
Kúba
Cuba
Kúbisc adj.
Cuban
cow-shed
kúbűrə
kúcə
couch
kúcən wk. I
to couch
kúhirdə
cowherd
kúhorn
cow’s horn
386
kúla
koala
kúlomb
coulomb
kúmiggə
the drainings from cow-manure
kúmis
koumiss
kúmiʒðə
cow’s urine
kúmëlk
cow’s milk
kúpə
coop
kúpərə
cooper
Kúrasaw
Curaçao
kúrən wk. I
to cower
kúscotə
cushat, wood-pigeon
kúsk/kúsc
virtuous, chaste
kúsloppə, kúslüppə
cowslip
kúswån
cowboy
kútr
chewing gum
kútäyl
tail of a cow
kútərə
elbow-piece (of armour)
kúwarm
warm form the cow (milk)
kúáʒə
eye of a cow
kúð
known, well-known, familiar
kúði
acting as befits those who are well-known to each other, genial, friendly,
welcoming, warm and friendly, full of friendly familiarity
kúðiən wk. II
to become known (to)
kúðlik
needless to say, self-evident, obvious, known by everyone, well-known,
‘selbstverständlich’
kúðla̋ cən
to divulge, tell (a secret), reveal
kúðnamə
surname
kúðnes
familiarity, knowledge
kúðə
known or familiar person, acquaintance, relative
kúʒən wk. I
to cow
cow’s fat, suet
kúƨəlv
kücgl
gavel
kücl
cupckake, little cake
kücn
kitchen
külcə
deposit of stones or other hard material
külcən wk. I
#(OE = ‘ructare’)
küll
blow, knock
küllə
wineskin, leathern bottle
küllən wk. I
to knock out, knock unconscious; ədúnküllən to knock down
küln
cookstove, range
külp
kelp
kültə
quilt
külu
spotted, speckled
kümbling
mounted sink
kümn
cumin
kümrə
Cumbrians
kümə
coming, arrival, advent, approach
küməd
germander
künroyal
387
künbald
künbarn
künbend
künborən
künbotl
künbót
küncə
künd
kündhäldə
kündl
kündlik
kündla̋ rə
kündlən wk. I
kündrípð
kündrípə adj.
kündtåkn
kündóm
kündə adj.
kündən wk. I
kündəndlik adj.
kündəndə adj.
küng
küngfërm
küngold
küngsläħt
küngspelyə
küngód
küngəswürt
künhelm
künhlåvərd
künhov
künhåd
künhåm
künkünn
künlik
künlı̋ də
künmann
künn
künni
künnlik
ancestry, etc.
künnrecnes
künnréd
künráv
künrëħt
künrícə
künróv
künscepə
künsetl
royally bold, very brave
royal child
royal bond?
royally born
royal residence, palace
king’s compensation
small package, pack (e.g. of cigarettes)
sex, gender
sexual orientation, sexual preference
the young of an animal
pertaining to one’s sex or gender, sexual
sex education
to become parents, have children or offspring
puberty
pubescent
sex symbol
kingdom
kind (generous, friendly, helpful, good)
to begin, start, initiate, cause, originate, bring about
(chiefly Gramm. and Logic) inceptive, inchoative
incipient, inchoate
king
food served the king, king’s entertainment (food)
regal gold
regicide
regent
royally excellent, noble, aristocratic, well-born
marjoram
diadem
liege lord, king
king’s or monarch’s palace with its grounds
rank or state of king or monarch
home of the king or monarch
royal pedigree
royal, kingly, of the king or monarch
royalty = royal people, members of royalty
royal personage
kind, sort, type; breed, variety; often in compounds = künnréd
of good family, noble, upper-class, cultivated, well-bred
pertaining to one’s species or race; racial; pertaining to one’s pedigree,
genealogy
species, race; stock, pedigree, ancestry, birth, origin, etc.
royal robe
royal prerogative
monarchy, kingly government, kingly rule
regal
royalty
royal seat, capital city (city in which the king lives)
388
künstrı̋ nd
dynasty
künstól
(royal) throne
künwirðə
royally dignified, kingly
künwiþþə
royal with
künwíƨə
royal way, royal manner
künyeld
king’s or monarch’s compensation
künyärlə
kingly accessory
künyəwald
royal power or authority
künyəwéd
royal robes
künþrümm
royal force (of men), royal host
künþrümmlik
royally awesome in number
küprə
spawning salmon (or: male salmon, especially in spawning season)
küprən
made of copper, copper (adj.)
kürful adj.
volent
küriən wk. I
to make a choice, exercise free will
kürlik adj.
volitional
kürlív
chosen or free life
Kürn
harvest-feast; = Thanksgiving
kürnəl
granule
kürnən wk. I
to granulate
kürr adj.
benign, mild, tame, gentle; calm (of the atmosphere or sea)
kürtl
a short coat forming part of the uniform of soldiers, policemen, etc.
kürtən wk. I
to curtail
kürtən
cute (approx. = ‘childishly or youthfully attractive’)
kürtənla̋ cən wk. I
to make cute, prettify
cuteness
kürtənnes
kürv
cut of meat
kürvl
rivet
kürvət
squash (vegetable)
Küryol
the Kyrie Eleison
choice
kürə
küspən wk. I
to put in the stocks, restrain, bind, fetter (for coming punishment)
küssən wk. I
to kiss
küst
quality, good quality, goodness, choice attribute(s); (with article and gen. pl.
or in compounds) the choicest, the pick of the crop, the best of anything
küsti
of quality, fine, good, excellent
küstláƨ
worthless
küstlı̋ də
élite
küstwërð
merit, distinction
kütt
nick
küttən wk. I
to nick
küwré
cookery, cuisine
küþþ
acquaintance, familiarity; küþþəƨ kith (acquaintances, friends, relatives, those
known to one)
kűlə
bump, swelling
kűmnes
prettiness
kűmə/kűmlik
pretty
kűmən wk. I
to fall or let go from exhaustion
kűpə
back-basket; knapsack
389
kűryum
curium
kűrən wk. I
to cure (meat, fish, tobacco, leather, concrete, mortar)
kűtə
kite (bird)
kűv
sealed vat (as for storage, pressure-heating or cooking, closed on all sides
except for small ducts or tubes for release of contents)
kűvl
(large) bucket
kűði
noted, renowned
kűðing
statement, declaration
̋
kűðlacən wk. I
to become known
kűðnes
statement, profession, declaration
kűðən wk. I
to make known, declare, state, profess
kűðərə
one who professes, professional? (OE = witness, martyr)
labbə
talkative person, blabber
labbən wk .I
to harp on
lacesə
laches (see OED)
bowtie
lacə
lacət
latchet
laddə
lad
lagg
stave of a cask or barrel (ON lǫgg rim of a cask, but Swed lagg also ‘stave’;
see lag (= ‘stave’) in OED)
inner angle between the side and bottom of a vessel
laggən
lajə
colloquial word for semen
lak
failing, defect, flaw, shortcoming; shortfall, deficiency
lakka
lac
lakkay
footman, lackey
lakmúƨ
litmus
laknes
shortfall; deficit
lakr
laquer
lakross
lacrosse
lakə
dried-up watercourse
to fall short (quantitatively or morally), to be lacking (quantitatively or
lakən wk. I
morally), be or become flawed or defective
lamb pl. lambr
lamb
lamburð
imperfect birth
lamiən
to be crippled, paralytic, disabled, or handicapped
lampas
lampas (disease of horses)
lamprədə
lamprey
lampə
light (fixture), lamp (electric)
lamə adj.
crippled, paralytic, disabled, handicapped
land
land (in all English senses); also = country (territory, area, district, nation),
but more usual is þe̋ d; also = country (not town), but campayn is commoner in this sense
landbréc
first ploughing (after land has lain fallow)
landbók
land-book, written grant of land
landbúnes
living off the land, farming
rustic
landbúənd
landbúəndə adj.
farming the land, rural
landbəgang
extent of land
landbəgenjə
husbandman
landbəskrift
topography (description of the features of an area or locality)
390
landdrift
landevn
landfolk
landfrumə
landfärd
landfärding
landfästən
landfe̋
landgavl
landhabbəndə adj.
landhavən
landherə
landhlåvərd
landhredding
landkovə
landkóp
landlaʒ
landlik adj.
landláƨ
landlı̋ də
landlürə
landmann
landmarkə
landmärk
landmérə
landopnung
landplott
landrest
landrëħt
landrícə
landríkə
landscar
landscarlik adj.
landscepə
landscát
landsetlə
landsetn
landsittəndə adj.
landspőd
landspődi
landstedə
landstów
landstüccə
landsétə
landsïd
landsókn
landward
landwëlə
landwərə
continental drift
measure or proportion of land
rural population
ruler of a country, prince
land force, army
military operation(s) on land
natural fortress, land formation that serves as a fortress
real estate? (OE = recognitory rent for land)
land-rent, rent paid to a lord or landowner
owning land
real property, real estate
land force (opposed to naval force)
landlord, lord of the land, Lord
freeing of land
recess in the land
fine paid to the lord on the alienation of land
law of the land, country law
pertaining to the land; agrarian (law)
not owning land
country folk
loss of territory
countryman, rural resident, rustic
area of land
border
famous in one’s own country
first ploughing of land
plott of land
grave
land-right, right to own or occupy land
territory
landed proprietor
province; region, district
provincial
countryside, landscape
triangular tract of land (forming the tip of a larger tract of land)
occupier of land
occupation of land; occupied land, estate
occupying land
wealth in land
rich in land
rural location
country place, rural estate
piece of real estate, landed property
settler
custom of a country
search for land to settle on
coast-warden (warden of dry land)
wealth in land, property
population, inhabitants
391
landyəhwarv
#(OE = exchange of land)
landyəlaʒ
topography (whether hilly, flat, mountainous, etc.)
landyəliƨə
geography
landyəmakə
#(OE = neighbour, but see yəmakə)
landyəmercə
boundary, limit, frontier
landyəma̋ rə
boundary, border
landyəscäft
creation of a country
landyəwërk
fortified place, built-up land
landyəwürpə
landfill
landårə
landed property
landåʒənd
landowner
landåʒəndə adj.
owning land
landälv
land-elf
having landed property
landədə
lang adj. (comp. lengrə, superl. lengəst)
long
langaldr
longevity
Lombard
Langbardə
langfrist
long period of grace or respite
Langfrídäy
Good Friday
langférnes
long duration
langférə
protracted, lasting long
langiən wk. II
to lengthen (intr.), grow longer; to grow long, seem long; impers. with accus.
mek langəð I long (to, for) (til)
langlik
for a long time
langlívədə
long-lived
a thong, strap, rope or similar bound to an animal’s legs to prevent it from
langlə
straying
langmód
constant, patient
langmódi
long-suffering
langmódnes
constancy, patience
langrenn
long-distance race
langrájə
langrage (see OED)
langráƨ
long-distance running
langscip
man of war (or: longship?)
langscäft
having a long shaft
langsum
lengthy, protracted, prolonged
langsumlik
tedious
langsumnes
lengthiness, prolongedness, protractedness
langtoʒən
long-winded, drawn-out
langtwidi
lasting, assured
langung
longing; lengthening
langunghwíl
period of longing
langur
languor
langwey adj.
far away, having travelled far away
to languish
langwiscən wk .I
langwërp/würp
elongated
langájə
words, wording, use of words, parlance, idiom
langə adv.
long, a long time, far
langət
languet (see OED)
392
langəð
lann
lanternə
lanyər
lanzə
lanzən wk. I
lanzət
lanə
lapiən wk. II
lappə
larc
lard
lardyər
larjesə
larjə
larm
lasc adj.
lascə
lascən wk. I
laser
laserdrámdisk
laserdrámdisklåkərə
lask
laskə
laskən wk. I
last
lastən wk. I
lat
latiən wk. II
laton
lattis
latton
lattu
lattudóm
latung
latə
lava
lavascə
lavishness
lavascən wk. I
lavbaðiən wk. II
lavbäð
lavendr
laviən wk. II
shower (to clean oneself)
lavur
lawmərə
lawncən wk. I
lawnə
longing
cuff (of sleeve)
lantern
crisscross
lance
to lance
lancet
lane
to lap (up)
lappet, lobe (of the ear), dewlap, flap, hanging part or piece
larch
shortening
larder
largess
large, oversized
alarm (emotion)
lenient, indulgent, lax, slack, not strict
the flexible part of a whip, lash; cilium (of an organism)
to lash
laser
compact disk, CD
CD player
(older) girl, young woman, maiden
laxative; relaxant
to loosen the bowels; to relax (muscles, tension)
censure
to censure
lag
to run late, be behind in time
latten, a mixed metal similar to brass, ‘aurichalcum’
lattice
tin-plate
coach (person)
coaching
delay, tardiness
habitually late person, laggard
lava
profusion, effusion, extravagant outpouring, extravagant expenditure,
to lavish
to shower, take a shower (to clean oneself)
shower (bath)
lavender
to pour water on or over (and so cool off, refresh, or clean); to shower, take a
lavatory
deadbeat
to launch (a weapon)
lawn; (putting) green
393
lawr
lawrberyə
lawrisc
lawrtre̋
lawrədə
lay adj.
layisc
laymann
lays
laysc
layté
lazo
lað
laðgaffətənd
laðiən wk. II
invite to one’s house)
laðung
laʒ
laʒbrëkə
laʒbrëkəndə adj.
laʒbrücə
laʒfirma
laʒful
laʒhåd
laʒhådrecəd
laʒiən wk. II
laʒkóp
laʒlik
laʒmakiən wk. II
laʒmakiəndə adj.
laʒmakung
laʒmakungflokk
laʒmakərə
laʒmann
laʒrëħt
laʒróv
laʒskól
laʒslit
laʒwïtə
laʒə
laʒənkunnərə
laʒənyəliƨə
laħtukə
laƨi
laƨr
leccing
leccən wk. I
lecg
lecghápwolkn
laurel
laurel-berry
of laurel
laurel-tree
laurel-flavoured
lay (not of the clergy)
laic(al)
layman
lease
leash
laity
lasso
invitation
gatecrasher
to invite (esp. to do something; inlaðiən wk. II, ätlaðiən wk. II to invite in, to
invited assembly
(secular) law; laʒ makiən, laʒmakiən to legislate
law-breaker
law-breaking
breach of the law
law firm
lawful, legitimate
police
police station
to ordain (decree, enact)
money paid by an outlaw for restitution of legal rights
legal
to legislate
legislative
legislation
legislature
legislator, lawmaker, lawgiver
policeman
legal right
set of laws; code
law school
fine for breach of the law
lawyer
body of water
hydrographer
hydrography
lettuce
lazy
tare
irrigation
to irrigate
part of a weapon?
stratocumulus cloud
394
lecgstów
place where refuse, waste are laid (‘laystow, laystall’ in OED)
lecgwolkn
stratus cloud
lecgə
layer, stratum
lecgədə
layered, stratified
lecgən wk. I
to lay
lecgər
ledger
lecur
lecher
leftən wk. I
to condescend graciously to (an inferior)
legg
leg
legyə
legion
legát
legate
lejendisc
legendary
lejendə
legend
lek
leaky
lekk
a hard subsoil of clay or gravel
lekn
loincloth
lekðə
ship’s hold
lekə
a leak
lekən (passive participle lokən) str. IV
to leak
leləðrə
silverweed?
lemming
lemming
lemphalt
limping
lempəd
limpet
lempən wk. I
to limp
lempət
pelvis
lemur
lemur
lendn
loin
lendnbra̋ də
loin
lendnbån
loin-bone
lendnecə
pain in the loins
̋
diseased in the loins
lendnsek
lendnsíd
reaching to the loins (of hair)
lendnwärk
a disease of the kidneys
lendnådl
disease of the loins
lendən wk. I
to land
leng
longer (temporal adv.)
lengd adj.
elongated; prolonged
lenging
elongation; prolongation
lenglə
the leather straps of a horse’s harness
lengrən wk. I
to drag on
lengrəndə adj.
protracted
lengð
longitude
lengðbáʒ
meridian of longitude
lengə
length; height, stature
lengən wk. I
to lengthen, elongate, prolong, protract
lenjə adj.
belonging (to), belonging to the person named or in question
lenjə
belongingness, connection
lent
lentil
Lentən
Lent
395
lentənberə
lentənbrücə
lentəndäy
lentənerð
lentənfästərn
lentənlik
lentənlïvən
lentənmónəð
lentənsuvl
lentəntíd
lentənwïkə
lentənådl
leppən
lescə
letr
letrfrı̋ nd
letrmerkə
letron
letrwixl
letrwixlən wk. I
letrwixlənd
letting
lettə
lettən wk. I
lettəndə adj.
letwaryə
leving
levr
levrbedd
levé
levən wk. I
lewt
lewté
ley
leyk
leykn
leykskól
leykstów
leyktíd
leykyəmátə
leykåħt
leykən wk. I
leyr
leyrbedd
leyrbérə
leyrfäst
leyrstedə, leyrstów
Leyryeld
leyrə
Lent barley
breach of the lenten fast
day of Lent
land ploughed during Lent
fast of Lent
of Lent, lenten
lenten fare
month of Lent
relishes served in Lent
season of Lent
a week in Lent
spring fever/tertian ague/dysentery
to feed (hawks)
dried cured and spiced meat strip, as a snack
letter (= missive)
pen pal
letterhead
lectern
correspondence (by letters)
to correspond (by letters)
correspondent (by letters)
retardation
delay
to delay (tr.), make late, retard
dilatory
electuary
levy
iris (plant)
iris-bed
levee (reception)
to levy
lute
allegiance
lay (n., e.g. of the land); egg-laying; outlay (of money) ???
play; game; sam leyk tie, draw, stalemate
plaything
kindergarten
playground
playtime
playmate
plaything
to play (as children do, sport, have fun, not be serious)
lying, illness, lying ill; (dád-) lying in the grave
sickbed
noxious
ill, sick
burial location, burial place
Lupercalia
bole (type of clay)
396
leyrəd
confined to bed, bedridden
leyrən wk. I
to lay prostrate
leytbók
reference book
to look carefully; leytən til to look (carefully) for; leytən äftər to look up (in
leytən wk. I
a book)
leyð adj.
ugly
leyʒdrüħtmann
mercenary
leyʒflüyfirma
charter airline
leyʒflüyə
charter flight
leyʒmann (pl. -menn)
contract worker, temporary employee
leyʒə
hire (payment contracted for the temporary use of a thing or temporary
employment of a person)
leyʒən wk. I
to hire (to procure the temporary use of a thing or temporary employment of a
person for a stipulated payment)
lezon
lesson (esp. in sense “what is learned”; see rédə)
leðr
leather
leðrhelm
leathern helmet
leðrhoƨə
lederhose, leathern gaiter
leðrkodd
leather bag
leðrwürħtə
tanner, currier
leathern
leðrən
leħtlik adj.
irrigable
libel
booklet
licci
litchi (fruit)
licgən str. V
to lie, recline
lid
voyage
lidmann
seafarer, sailor, pirate
lidward
ship-master
lidwőri
weary of voyaging
likkiən wk. II
to lick
lollipop
likkswéƨənd
likur
liqueur
likuriz
licorice
lilyə
lily
lim
body part, whether external (head, hand, foot, back, arse, arm, leg, chest, etc.)
or internal (organ, e.g. heart, liver, lung, intestine, vein, artery, brain, etc.); element, part
limbo
limbo
limhål
sound of body
limlamə
debilitated
limláƨ
without organs
limla̋ w
organ failure
limla̋ wd
having failed organs
limméləm
by body parts
limnakəd
stark naked
limplik
relevant, appurtenant, apropos
limpən str. III
to concern (someone), pertain to
limrind
cortex (of an organ)
limrédən
physical condition (of a patient)
̋
limsek
having a dysfunctional body
397
limwästm
= wast
limwőri
weary in body
limyəlecg
configuration
limyəliƨə
anatomy
limyəwéd
clothing for the body
lind
linden (tree)
lindən
made of linden wood
lingə
ling (fish)
linn
quitting, resignation, giving up
linnən str. III
to cease, stop, leave off
linoleum
linoleum
lint
lint
linyol
a shoemaker’s waxed thread
lineage
linájə
lipplik adj.
labial
lippə
lip
lirk
a fold of skin
lirkən wk. I
to fold over (of the skin)
liss
reprieve
lissiən wk. I
to reprieve
list
cunning, craft, cleverness, special skill or talent (usu. used for evil or dubious
purposes)
listhendi
talented (esp. for evil or dubious purposes)
listi
artful, crafty, cunning, clever (with evil or dubious intent)
listlik
made by cunning, craft, cleverness
listwrenc
evil plot, evil scheme
list
listə
listəm adv.
deviously
listən wk. I
to list
lit
shade, tint, hue (of a colour)
litany
litanyə
litnən wk. I
to respect, concern
litrə
litre
litteratúra
literature
lityər
litter: straw, stalks, hay, etc. used for bedding, thatch, in plaster, etc.; (with
indefinite article or plural) bed or lying-place for animals overspread with straw, stalks, hay, etc.
liviən wk. I
to live, be alive
liviəndə adj.
living; that has life, that lives
livnəð
livelihood
livr
liver
livrbűlə
protuberance of the liver
livrhol
hollow in the liver
livri
clotted
livrlob
lobe of the liver
sick in the liver
livrse̋ k
livrse̋ knes
liver-sickness
livrwärk
pain in the liver
livrwürt
liverwort
livrådl
liver-disease, hepatitis
398
livré
liyr
liyrga̋ lƨərə
liyrha̋ mən wk. I
liyrkoðə
liyrlik adj.
liyrtám
liyrwítə
liz
itself)
lizenzbérə
lizenzə
lið
liðbend
liðbéynes
liðbéyə adj.
liðfäst
liði
liðkräft
liðkräfti
liðkräftines
liðka̋ y
liðlik
liðrlik
liðrə
liðstarkung
liðsáw
liðsår
liðwåk
liðwåkiən wk. II
liðwärk
liðwa̋ kən wk. I
liðådl
liƨyərə
liþarjə
liþyum
lob
lobbə
lobyə
loddərə
lodrung
loft
logariþm
lojə
lojən wk. I
lojənd
lok
lokiən wk .II
lokk
livery
sexual intercourse, sex
libertine
to have sexual intercourse with (formal term)
venereal disease
pertaining to sexual intercourse, sexual; venereal
procreation
fine for unlawful sexual intercourse
lists (palisade enclosing a tilting- or tournament-place; the enclosed area
licensed
(written) licence; lizenzən anlı̋ n to license
limb (arm, leg, or wing)
bond for the limbs
flexibility of limbs
flexible, nimble
coordinated in the body
lithe, limber, supple
agility
agile
agility
limbs serving as a key
pertaining to the limbs
of a sling
sling (for slinging stones)
ankylosis
synovia
pain in the limbs
of delicate build, slender, slight, frail, weak; flimsy
to be or become flimsy, give way
rheumatism, arthritis
to subdue bodily
disease of the limbs
edge of cloth
white lead
lithium
lobe (of the liver, brain)
pollack
lobby; foyer
tramp, vagabond
nonsense, rubbish
attic
logarithm
(masons’, guild’s) lodge
to lodge (intr.), be a lodger (guest)
lodger
lock (of door)
to lock
lock (of hair)
399
lokkborə
lokkiən wk. II
lokkədə
lokr
loksmið
lokstån
lokə
lokət
lollən wk .I
lonjən wk. I
loppə
lopstrə
lor
lorʒ (pl. lörʒ)
lorə
lorəl
lost
lot
lotiən wk. II
lotwrenc
lov
lovbérə adj.
lovdéd
lovhering
loviən wk. II
lovlik
lovlåk
lovla̋ cən wk. I
lovle̋ ð
lovsalm
lovsang
lovsingəndə adj.
lovsum
lovung
lovyërn
lown
frankly
lowʒ
lowƨ adj.
lowƨblädədə
lowƨfrı̋ yən wk. II
lowƨláti
lox
loðə
loðən
loʒðr
loʒə
loʒən wk. I
loƨ
one who wears her hair long, free woman
to allure, attract
having locks, having long hair
plane (tool)
locksmith
stone closing an entrance
stronghold
locket
to loll
to lunge
crab louse
lobster
destruction, loss, extinction, disappearance
small pole, as a component in machines
loser
good-for-nothing, worthless person
disappearance, loss, state of being lost or missing
fraud
to snoop
scam, fraudulent scheme
praise
praising, giving praise
praiseworthy deed
praising
to praise
laudable, praiseworthy
award in honour of someone
to shower with praise
panegyric
lauds
song of praise
singing hymns of praise
laudatory
praising, laudation
eager for praise
concealment, secrecy, privacy; bútən lownə without concealment, openly,
reservoir, (manmade) pool, contained water
loose
looseleaf (binder, notebook)
to philander
promiscuous, loose, libertine
lynx
sweater
coarse-haired; itchy (of a sweater, clothing)
evasive
flare
to flare
loss (of someone, an object, of something gone missing)
400
loƨenjə
loƨiən wk. II
loƨiəndlik
loƨnən wk. I
loƨwist
loƨəl
lubbən wk. I
purge, expurgate
lubur
luccən wk. I
ludduk
lugg
luggən wk. I
luk
lukanə
lukiən wk. II
lukklïpə
luklik adj.
lukword
lukyəwrit
lukþencən wk. I
lukþóħt
lukən adj.
lullən wk .I
lumpə
lumrən wk. I
lund
lundlaʒə
lungn
lungndretting
lungnkodd
lungnsalv
lungnwürt
lungnådl
lungnédrə
lungnþe̋ r
lungr adj.
lunkiən wk. II
lunt
lup
lurcən wk. I
lurdan
lurkən wk. I
lurkəndə adj.
lusc adj.
luscən wk. I
luskən wk. I
lust
lustbérlik
lozenge
to become lost
volatile, elusive
to loosen (intr.), come apart
state of being lost or missing
a loser (in life)
to remove objectionable matter from a book or other publication, censor,
landlubber, unseamanlike fellow
to lurch
buttock
ear-flap of a hat or bonnet; any similar thing
to tug playfully at (the hair, the ears)
closing (e.g. of a door, store, play); conclusion, end, ending
skylight
to conclude, finish, end, stop, close
stop, plosive, occlusive
conclusive; of closing, closingepilogue
thesis
to conclude (infer)
conclusion (inference)
closed, shut
to lull
lump
to lumber
disposition, nature
fat around the loins
lung
phthisic, phthisis
pulmonary pleura
lung-salve
lungwort
lung disease
vein of the lungs
pneumonia
spontaneous
to barely manage
a slow match
slipknot
to prevent a person from getting his fair share, deny someone their fair share
a slacker, shirker
to be latent
latent
lax, flaccid
to bolt (rush, spring)
to lie idly, indulge in idleness or laziness, laze about
desire, appetite, inclination
attractive; delightful
401
lustbérnes
lustbérə
lustdrünc
lustful
lustfullikə
lustfulliən wk. II
lustfullung
lustfulnes
lustgrin
lusti
lustiən wk. II
inclination to; to fancy
lustlikə adv.
lustmetə
lustsmokk
lustsum
lustsumlik
lustyërn
lustyërnnes
lustəm adv.
lut
lutful
lutiən wk. II
lutsum
luvafayrə
luvfangən adj.
luvfërm
luvgörsum
luviən wk. II
luviənd
luviəndlik
luviəndə adj.
luvlik
luvpuyƨon
luvrédən
luvstråkiən wk. II
luvsum
luvsumlik
luvsumnes
luvsëvə
luvtémlik
luvtémə adj.
luvung
luvwendə adj.
luvə
luvədlik
luvərə
luvəsticə
luvəstrə
a delight, that which causes desire
causing desire, desirable
aperitif
desirous, craving
heartily
to take (great) pleasure in, enjoy to the fullest
(great) enjoyment, pleasure
desirousness
snare of desire
voluptuous
to desire, feel for, feel like (having or doing), have an appetite for, have the
gladly, willingly, with desire, with appetite
appetizer
lady’s smock (plant)
fond (of)
desired, desirable
concupiscent
concupiscence
gladly, willingly
deference
deferential
to lie hidden, be unseen
deferential
a romance
enamoured, in love; luvfangən wërðən fall in love
food served with love, loving hospitality
love-token
to love, to like strongly
lover
affectionate
loving
amiable, loving
love potion
state of being in love
to caress, fondle (in good sense)
amorous
romantic
amorous nature
(feeling of) romance
kind (gesture)
lovely in personality
action of loving
showing love, genial, friendly, loving
love, strong liking
lovable
lover
lovage
female lover
402
luzernə
luʒn
luʒnən wk. I
luħ
lá
bér), or fallow (= falʒə)
lábl
lácən2 wk. I
lád
ládgotə
ládstäv
ládyədelv
ládyəwiħt
ládən adj.
lák
lákbläd
lákkressə
láktroʒ
láktún
láktúnward, lákward
lákən pl.
lán
lán str. VI
person)
lánes
lángevənd
lánhúƨ
lániən wk. II
lánlik
lánsteʒə
lánákə
lánümlə
láp
lásum
lát
láti adj.
láting
látlik
látrak
látə
látən (pret. lét) str. VII
láv
lávbérə adj.
lávful
lávgrőnə
lávhamə? lávhräyl?
lávhelmi adj.
lávhár
lávi, láviħt adj.
purple medick (Medicago sativa)
calm (of wind, sea)
to shelter, make calm by sheltering from the wind
loch
a tract of open cultivated ground, whether tilled (= äkr), used as pasture (=
label
to slight
lead
plumber
stick (bar?) of lead?
lead-mine
lead-weight, a scale of weight
leaden
allium: onion, garlic, leek, scallion, shallot, green onion, chives, etc.
segment of a bulb
nasturtium
vegetable-trough
vegetable garden
gardener (of a vegetable garden)
longjohns
(edlán) reward (esp. fig.); wages, pay
to find moral or character faults in (someone), be critical of, criticize (a
criticism (of a person); faultfinding
one who pays wages
tenement (house, building)
to reward (esp. fig.); to pay wages to, pay (a worker)
meritorious, rewarding
pay scale, wage scale
wage increase, pay raise
payroll
fish-basket, esp. a conical basket or wicker trap
captious, faultfinding, critical
appearance, pretense; pl. látəƨ appearances, show
showy, flamboyant
behaviour, actions
pretended, ostensible
pretext
(put-on) manners, behaviour, “act”
to act (a certain way), behave, have a certain manner; to pose (as)
leaf (of trees, woody plants; for herbs, grasses, cereals, see bläd)
having foliage
permissible
chlorophyll
foliage
leafy at the top
cilium (in botanical sense)
leafy, foliose
403
láviən
lávlik adj.
lávnes
lávscäd
lávselə
lávword
lávwürm
lávə
láz
láð
láðr
láðrwürt
láʒ
láƨ adj.
(leather, etc.); faithless; lying
láƨbreyd
láƨbreydə
láƨbreydən str. III
láƨbreydəndə adj.
láƨferħþ adj.
láƨferħþnes
láƨiən wk. II
lie, fool, be unfaithful, be in vain
láƨkräft
láƨlik adj.
láƨlíkəting
láƨlíkətən wk. I
láƨmakiən wk. II
láƨmann (pl. -menn)
láƨmód adj.
láƨnes
láƨsaʒl adj.
láƨscáwərə
láƨspaning
láƨspell
láƨspellung
láƨtre̋ w
láƨtrı̋ wə adj.
láƨtüħting
láƨtüħtən wk. I
láƨung
láƨungspell
láƨwürcənd
láƨyelp
láƨyəwitnes
láƨyəwïtə
láƨóleccing
láƨóleccən wk. I
láƨə adv.
to put forth leaves
foliar
permission
leafy shade
bower
password
caterpillar
permission, leave, licence
lace (fabric)
county
lather; soapsuds
soap-wort?
lye
feigned, fake, false, artificial, insincere; counterfeit; imitation, not genuine
cheating, trickery
trickster
to cheat, use trickery
tricky (person)
deeply false, corrupt
corruption
to feign (tr.); (intr.) to be false, be untrue, be feigned, be hypocritical, deceive,
false craft
false, sham, empty, deceitful; hypocritical
dissimulation
to dissemble
to falsify, corrupt, adulterate
jester, fool, buffoon, mime
pretentious
feignedness, falseness, fakeness, artificialness, insincerity
talking insincerely
spy
cajolery
fictitious news
empty or false discourse
perfidy
perfidious
cajolery
to cajole
feigning, deception, artifice; falseness; lying, falsehood; faithlessness
idle tale
charlatan, quack
vainglory
false witness, false testimony
a false witness
empty flattery, blandishment
to blandish, flatter emptily
falsely, feignedly, insincerely
404
láƨərə
hypocrite, liar, feigner, false person
láƨətən wk. I
to pretend (non-innocently), make a false appearance of
lå
interj. oh!
loach
låcə
låd
course (direction, path); låd lástən to navigate
lådiən wk. II
to excuse, let off, exculpate
lådmann
navigator
lådmerkə
landmark (in sense ‘conspicuous object which serves as a guide to the
direction of one’s course’)
lådrink
conductor, escort
lådscepə
leadership
lådstån
lodestone (magnet used to navigate)
lådstërrə
lodestar, polestar, North Star
lådtüyl
guiding rein
lådung
excuse, exculpation, letting off
lådədlik
excusable
låjə
gazebo
låk
a present, gift, object presented as a gift or present; offering (to the gods); -låk
suffix often indicates activity or state
låkdéd
bestowal
låkfästərn
denial of gifts
låkgevənd
giver of presents
låkiən wk. II
to give as a present; offer (to the gods) bəlåkiən wk. II to bestow
låklik
constituting a present, in the nature of a present; offertory
låknïmənd
recipient of a present
låksang
song as a gift
låkung
giving as a present
låkən str. VII
to play (an instrument); to wield (a weapon, etc.)
låm
clayey earth, clayey sand, clay in the earth
låmfät
vessel of loam/clay, the body (as created by God)
låmpütt
loampit
låmscall
earthen tile
låmsáð
loampit
låmwürħtə
potter (in loam)
lån
loan
lånlik adj.
on loan
låntrúwə
credit (for a loan)
lår
doctrine, tenet
lårfästərn
prescribed fast
lårkwidə
precept
lårlik adj.
doctrinal
lårspell
homily, treatise
låru
pedant
lårudóm
pedantry
lårulik
pedantic
lårula̋ rərə
pedagogue
lårusetl
teacher’s seat, pulpit
lårwïtə
learned man
låst
pursuit, following; succession (of rulers, e.g.); track, print
405
låstward
successor, heir, follower; pursuer, follower
låstword
fame after death
låv
what is left: remnant, remains, remainder, rest, legacy, relic
låvlik adj.
residual, remnant
låwərkə
lark
låz
congratulations
låzən
to congratulate
låð adj.
hated, despised, loathed, unwelcome, unwanted (these esp. of persons);
repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, abhorrent, unwanted (esp. of things or animals); adv. låðə inimically, in
detestation, loath
låð2
something hateful or hated: evil, harm, injury, misfortune; annoyance,
trouble; insult; injustice
låðiən wk. II
to cause repugnance, revulsion, disgust, aversion, hate, or loathing; be
revolting, repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, or despicable; be hated, be loathed, be despised, be unwelcome
låðiəndə adj.
loathesome
låðlik
invidious
harmless, inoffensive, innocent
låðláƨ
låðsaru
hateful contrivance
låðscepə
misfortune, tragedy, shame (in it’s a shame that...)
låðspell
unwelcome news
låðsíð
painful journey, death (poetic)
låðwendmód
inimical-minded, hostile-minded
låðwendə
inimical, hostile, evil, bad
låðwërk
foul play
låðətən wk. I
to loathe, hate very much
low
låʒ adj.
låʒmél
minimum
låʒméllán
minimum wage
låʒpuynt
lowpoint
låʒð
depression (also economic, meteorological), low-lying area or land
to catch
läccən wk. I
läcsäyən
catchphrase, slogan
läcword
catchword
Lädən
Latin (n.)
Latin book
lädənbók
lädənisc (adj.)
Latin (adj.)
lädənla̋ rə
teaching of Latin
lädənspréc
speech in Latin
lädənstavəm adv.
in Latin
lädənword
Latin word
lädənwərə
Latin people, Romans
lädənyəþı̋də
Latin language
läpəldrə
saucer
läpəwinkə
lapwing
läss adj.
less, fewer; lesser
lässiən wk. II
to lessen, reduce in number or amount (intr.)
lässnes
minority
lässən wk. I
to lessen, reduce in number or amount (tr.)
lät adj.
late, tardy (behind, after the expected, usual, or required time); adv. latə
406
lätburð
lätnes
lätra̋ də adj.
lätrə
lätsum
lätt
lätwerd adj.
lätəməst adj.
lävl
lävr
läx
läy
läztə
läħtr
läħtrful
läħtriən wk. II
läħtrkwidə
läħtrlik
läħtrung
läþþ
la̋
la̋ cə
la̋ cən wk. I
la̋ dþema
la̋ də
la̋ dən wk. I
la̋ dənd
la̋ dərə
la̋ mən
la̋ nd
la̋ ndaʒəƨ
la̋ nland
la̋ nléƨing
la̋ nə adj.
la̋ nən
la̋ nənd
la̋ nərə
la̋ nəstrə
la̋ raydən
la̋ rbodung
la̋ rbók
la̋ rbűƨn
la̋ rdóm
la̋ rfädər
la̋ rhlüsnənd
la̋ rhúƨ
la̋ ri
la̋ riþrücnes
la̋ rknëħt
late birth
lateness
slow, deliberate
later (more behind in time); adv. latər
inclined to be late, slow, tardy
lath
late, backward (crops, fruit, seasons of the year)
last
any vessel used for taking up drink or soup: cup, bowl, spoon, ladle, etc.
thin plate or sheet of metal, lamina of metal
salmon
bill (for payment)
last; latest (most behind in time); adv. latəst
vice
full of vice, dissolute, opprobrious
to find the vices in, reproach, reprove, revile, derogate, find fault in
unseemly statement
vicious (= of vice)
derogation
repugnance (of the thing or person hated)
wig, toupée, false hair
features (appearance, shape of the face)
to flare up, come up (of problems, difficulties, etc.)
leitmotiv (dominant theme)
leading, guidance
to lead
(temporary) leader
leader
clay-bearing (earth); earthen (pot, etc.)
leased, rented
days of earthly life
leased land
parole
temporary; transitory; easily lost
to rent (something to someone); to loan (money only)
(out-)renter
landlord
landlady
teaching aids
teaching, preaching
book containing instruction, textbook
instructional example
something taught, lesson, teaching, instruction
mentor
catechumen
school (especially the old-fashioned one-room schools of yore)
tire (of a wheel)
tire pressure
disciple
407
la̋ rkräft
teaching skill, skill as a teacher
̋
larlik
instructive; instructional
la̋ rlást
want of instruction or teaching, ignorance
la̋ rsmið
teacher, counsellor
la̋ rsum
teachable
la̋ rswicə
deceptive teachings
la̋ rsäl
classroom
la̋ rtraħtəð
dissertation
̋
larwájə
tuition fee
la̋ ryədévə
docile, easy to teach
̋
laryəset
class (at school, university, college, etc.)
la̋ rþeyn
tutor
la̋ rþäħt
syllabus (what is to be taught)
la̋ rə
teaching, instruction, education, tuition (= act of teaching); lesson (with
indefinite article)(= what is learned) but lezon is more usual in this last sense
la̋ rən wk. I
to teach, instruct
la̋ rərə
teacher
la̋ rəstrə
female teacher
la̋ st adj.
least, fewest
̋
last
boot
minimal
la̋ sti adj.
̋
lasting
execution (of something done), performance
la̋ stiwőnə
minimalism
la̋ stlik adj.
executive
la̋ stwürħtə
shoemaker (maker of lasts)
shoemaker’s last
la̋ stə
la̋ stən wk. I
to carry out, execute; to hold, conduct (a meeting, party, discussion), give (a
lecture, speech, concert)
la̋ stənd
executor
la̋ t
goings-on, business
accent (of a foreign language)
la̋ tə
la̋ vən wk. I
to leave (in all English senses, more precise meanings with prefixes)
la̋ w adj.
impaired, debilitated, feeble
la̋ wd adj.
vulgar
infirmity
la̋ wƨə
la̋ wən wk. I
to maim
la̋ wənd
one who maims another
la̋ðən wk. I
to detest, despise (person), abhor (thing)
la̋ʒən wk.I
to lower, make low
̋
laƨ adv.
adv. less, to a smaller extent; conj. minus
la̋ ƨborən adj.
of lower birth
léccest
medicine chest
lécdóm
medicine, medication, medicament
lécdómlik
medicinal
lécdómnes
course of medications
lécfingr
ring-finger
lécfe̋
doctor’s wealth
léchúƨ
hospice
lécklëvə
medicine cabinet
408
léckräft
(practice of) medicine
léckräfti
skilled in medicine
léckünn
physicians in general
lécniən wk. II
to treat (an illness, a wound)
lécniəndlik
medicinal
lécnung
treatment (of an illness or wound)
lécnungpiƨlə
medical practice, clinic
lécsalv
medicinal ointment
lécskól
medical school
lécsäx
scalpel
lécwürt
medicinal herb
lécyəliƨə
(study of) medicine
lécyətaw
medical apparatus
lécíƨərn
surgeon’s knife
lécə
physician, doctor, veterinarian
léd
fortunate, happy, prosperous
liege
léjə
lél
bruise, weal
léliən wk. II
to be bruised
lér adj.
having no burden or load; discharged; having no responsibilities, duties, or
obligations, free, available
lérnes
state of having no burden or load or being discharged; availability, freedom
lét
freedman, ex-slave
létən str. VII (pret. lërt(ən))
to allow to remain, let alone, leave (alone), refrain from taking, consuming,
using, etc.; to let, allow, let happen
lév adj.
nonfunctional; vestigial (in zoology and biology), degenerate, atrophied; of
person: feeble, infirm, weak, injured
lévmann
infirm person
lévn
flash
lévnhåwiənd
stroboscope (that pulses light)
to flash, pulse light
lévnən wk. I
lévsum adj.
permissive
lévəd
weak, sickly, aged
lévən wk. I
to permit, allow
léy
incandescence; bright flame, blaze
léybiƨi
busy with fire
léybrünə
incandescent burning
léybérə, léybërəndə adj.
incandescent; flaming
léybërənd
flame-bearer
léydrakə
fiery dragon
léyeyƨə
flaming terror
léyfa̋ məndə adj.
vomiting fire
léyfűr
bright fire
léykwal
death by fire
léylik
of incandescence, incandescent; fiery, fire-bright
léylokkədə
having flaming locks
léyle̋ ħt
light of the flame
léynən wk. I
to deny (a fact)
léyräscing
play of lightning
409
léyspïwl
vomiting flame
léyþrak
fiery onset, violence of flames
léyűð
wave of fire
léyə adj.
dormant; idle (land)
léyən
incandescent; flaming, fiery
léyət
lightning
léyəträsc
flash of lightning
léyətsläħt
lightning-stroke, thunderbolt
léyətən wk. I
to flash, light up
léðrən wk. I
to smear soap, cleansing crème, or lather on, to soap up
léƨing
release
léƨu
pasture (usu. the act, rather than the place, for which bér or hamm, q.v.)
léƨwiən wk. II
to pasture, let graze
léƨən wk. I
to release
lëft
paralyzed, palsied
lëftlik adj.
paralytic
lëftmakien wk. II
to paralyze
lëftådl
paralysis, palsy
lëmiən wk. II
to lame, disable
lëwə
league (distance)
lëy
defeat, surrender; resignation, acquiescence, deference, submission,
nonresistance
lëð
body of retainers, retinue
lëði
free(d) of pain, misery, difficulty, etc., at ease; in remission
lëðiən wk. II
to abate, go into respite, go into remission
respite (from pain, misery, difficulty, etc.), remission (of a disease); cessation,
lëðə
intermission, rest (from pain, misery, difficulty, etc.) see leath in OED
lëƨən str. V
to pick (fruit, etc.), gather (firewood, nuts, berries); yəlëƨən to collect;
uplëƨən to pick up; äftərlëƨən to glean (corn/grain)
le̋ (pl. le̋ n)
lion; Leo
̋
beam of light; flash of lightning
lemə
le̋ nfla̋ sc
lion’s flesh
le̋ nfót
lion’s foot (plant)
le̋ nhwelp
lion’s cub
lioness
le̋ nən
le̋ pard
leopard
le̋ skə
groin
le̋ str
leister (pronged spear for catching fish, esp. salmon)
le̋ v adj.
dear, beloved; nice, sweet
le̋ vfäst
precious (person)
le̋ viən wk. II
to be dear (to)
le̋ vlik
lovely
le̋ vmann
sweetheart
le̋ vspell
welcome news
le̋ vtélə
much in demand, having a quick sale
le̋ vwendə
kind, gracious, agreeable
le̋ w
ham (meat)
le̋ ð
poem; (poem set to music) song, lay, ballad
le̋ ðkräft
poetry
410
le̋ ðkräfti
skilled in poetry
̋
leðkwidə
poetic utterance
le̋ ðlik adj.
poetic
le̋ ðrún
secret given in poem
le̋ ðsang
singing of poems
le̋ ðword
a word in a poem
le̋ ðwrenc
trick in a poem, spurious passage
le̋ ðwërk
poetry, composition of poetry
̋
leðwíƨə
verse (of a poem)
le̋ ðwürħtə
poet
̋
leðyeddung
embellishment or exaggeration in verse
le̋ʒən str. II
to lie, tell a lie
le̋ʒərə
liar
le̋ ħt adj.
luminous, light-giving, bright
le̋ ħt
light (noun = that which is given off by shining bodies, not used in sense
‘light fixture, lamp’ for which lampə q.v.)
le̋ ħtborə
light-bearer
le̋ ħtbreydnes
#(OE = levity, frivolity, wantonness)
le̋ ħtbámədə
bright-shining (with light beams)
̋
leħtbérə
brilliant, luminous
light-bearer, Lucifer
le̋ ħtbërənd
le̋ ħtbërəndə adj.
light-bearing, luminous
le̋ħtevnyəliƨə
photochemistry
le̋ ħtfrumə
source of light
le̋ ħtfät
lamp (oil lamp)
receptacle for a lightbulb
le̋ ħtfétəlƨ
le̋ ħtgraving
photogravure
le̋ ħthring
halo; aureole; gloriole
̋
̋
leħthúƨ, leħttorr
lighthouse
le̋ ħtiən wk. II
to give light, illuminate; become light, dawn
̋
leħtkaccən wk. II
to photograph
le̋ ħtkaccing
photography
̋
leħtlik
light-giving, bright, radiant
le̋ ħtláƨ
dark
photogenic
le̋ ħtlíkfäyr
le̋ħtlíkfərfinding
photogrammetry
le̋ ħtlíkə
photograph
le̋ ħtlíkərə
photographer
le̋ ħtlöyƨing
photolysis
̋
̋
leħtmalə
photometer
le̋ ħtnes
luminosity
̋
leħtscáwiənd
examining the light
le̋ ħtsetnes
photoset
le̋ ħtsetting
photocomposition
le̋ħtsettən wk. I
to photocompose, photoset
le̋ ħtsfa̋ r
photosphere
le̋ ħtslup
(optical) aperture
le̋ ħtsåwənd
sower of light, God
le̋ ħttowʒ
fibre optic cable
411
le̋ ħtung
le̋ ħtwästm
le̋ ħtwërpərə
le̋ħtyəklovə
le̋ħtyəkle̋vən str. II
le̋ ħtyəskot
le̋ ħta̋ n
le̋ ħtíƨərn
le̋ƨən str. II
líard
líc
lícburʒ
lícbërʒ
lícfät
líchangə
líchord
líchräyl
líchrürə
líchúƨ
líclik
lícle̋ ð
lícmann
lícpütt
lícrest
etc.)
lícsang
lícscáwiən wk. II
lícscáwung
lícsercə
lícstów
lícsår
líctún
lícwund
lícwïʒlung
lícþeynung
lícþrówərə
lícþrúʒ
lícþe̋ tə
lícəminkl
lícəmiən wk. II
lícəmlik
physically, materially
lícəmláƨ
lícəmwáð
lícəmyémən
lícəmyəstal
lícəmyəstallik dj.
lícəmə
líes
illumination
photosynthesis
projector
photocopy
to photocopy
payment for providing lights in church
photon
iron candlestick
to lose (weight, attitude), shed, get rid of (something unwanted)
balsam poplar
corpse
cemetery
coffin, sarcophagus
corpse-vessel
gibbet
interior of a corpse
winding-sheet
bodily decay, death
morgue, mortuary
relating to the dead, funereal
dirge
pallbearer
grave (if not for *díc, pytt)
hearse (= framelike structure above a coffin or tomb, for candles, hangings,
dirge-singing
to conduct an autopsy
autopsy, postmortem
shroud for a corpse
place of burial
#(OE = wound)
burial-ground
#(OE = wound)
necromancy
obsequies, funeral
#(OE = leper)
another synonym for coffin
#(OE = pore)
corpuscle
to clothe with flesh; lícəməd incarnate
bodily, carnal, physical, material; lícəmlikə bodily, personally, in the flesh;
incorporeal
(bodily) tissue
care of the body, fitness (training)
body structure, anatomy
anatomic(al)
body; (floʒlícəmə) fuselage
lias
412
líg
lík conj.
lík
líkdisk
líkgraving
líkhre̋ dən str. II
líkhre̋ dəndə adj.
líkimájə
líkiən wk. II
líkjüw
líkkaset
líkkasethlað
líkkräft
líkkräftyə
líklik
líkmodel
líknes
líkning
líknsum
líknən wk. I
líkrekord
líkrekordərə
líktäppə
líkung
líkwaltlåkərə
líkwirðə
líkwa̋ vð
líkə
líkəting
líkətən wk. I
líkətərə
lím
límhı̋ wəd adj.
líming
límon
límonadə
límyər
límə
límən wk. I
lín
línfek
línháwən
líniən wk. II
línlik
línscåd
línséd
línwéd
línwürt
línə
league (association)
like (conj.)
leech (the perpendicular or sloping side of a sail)
digital video disc/disk, DVD
photoengraving
to illustrate
illustrative
simile
to suit, be suited to; be compatible with
rebus
videocassette
videocassette recorder, VCR
photography
photographer
compatible
photographer’s or painter’s model
agreeability, suitability
comparison
comparative
to compare, liken
video
videocamera
videotape
compatibility; suitability (to one’s character, tastes, etc.)
DVD player
agreeable, acceptable, pleasing; accepted, recognized, sterling
(TV, film) show, presentation; video
image; picture; illustration
feigning, dissimulation, flattery, hypocrisy
to feign, dissimulate, flatter
pretender, hypocrite
glue, cement, adhesive
colloid
gluing, cementing, adhesion
lemon
lemonade
bloodhound
lime (fruit)
to glue, cement
linen (cloth)
space between lines, spacing
of the colour of linen, white
to draw a line; to line (the face)
lineal
line break
linseed
linen cloth or garment
flax
line (in writing; series)
413
línən
línənhräyl
línətə
líri
líriħt
lírə
lístə
lítl
lítnən wk. I
lítə
líur
lív
lívbiƨi
lívbérə adj.
lívbəta̋ kning
lívdaʒəƨ
lívdóm
lívevnyəliƨə
lívfadung
lívfasniən wk. II
lívfestən wk. I
lívfrumə
lívfrá
lívful
lívfäk
lívfäst adj.
lívfüsik
lívkar
lívkunnərə
lívkust
lívkusttóécnes
lívlengə
lívlik
lívlást
lívláƨ
lívlåd
lívlürə
lívnër
lívspícə
lívtal
lívteħnə
lívtrügging
lívward
lívwey
lívwrað
lívwällə adj.
lívwëlə
lívwïħt
lívwünn
linen (adj.)
linen garment
linnet
muscular, sinewy
muscular, having big muscles
muscle
margin, strip, zone, border
miniature
to miniaturize
candidate
thickening for soup and other culinary preparations
life
struggling for life
life-bearing; organic (chemical compounds)
diorama
lifetime
all living things, life, flora and fauna
biochemistry
regulation of life
to enliven
to animate
source of life (God)
Lord of life, God
lively, vibrant
lifetime
animate
biophysics
care or anxiety of life
biologist
cost of living
cost of living supplement
longevity
of life, pertaining to life; biological
want of life, lifelessness, inanimateness
lifeless, inanimate, not endowed with life
course of life
loss of life
= nër; food, sustenance
vitamin
biography
biotechnology
life insurance
bodyguard
way of life, way in life
life-support
seemingly alive (water, fluid)
richness of life
organism
enjoyment of life
414
lívyədål
death
lívyəkünd
physiology (of an organism)
lívyəkündlik adj.
physiological
lívyəkündyəliƨə
physiology (the study)
lívyəliƨə
biology
lívyəscäft
creation of life
líð
alcohol
líðisc adj.
alcoholic
líðlik
soft (lights, music), mild, gentle (treatment)
líðnes
gentleness
̋
líðwayə
liquor-cup
líðwürdi
mild of speech
líðwürt
dwarf elder
líðʒiən wk. II
to mitigate, soften, relieve, alleviate, soothe, assuage, appease
líðə adj.
gentle; easy on
summer solstice; Líðə festival on this date
líðə
líðən str. I
to sail, navigate (tr. and intr., of a ship or any other vessel, not necessarily
with sails (incl. submarine), or of humans on a ship or other vessel)
líðənd
one who travels by sea
líðərkiən wk. II
to smooth down
lightening, making light
líħting
líħtən wk. I
to lighten (make light in weight, as by removing things)
líƨiən wk. II
to lose balance, lose footing
lïdə
voyager
lïrniən wk. II
to learn; study, read
lïrnnes
learning, knowledge, erudition
lïrnung
learning, study, reading
lïrnungbarn
pupil, student
lïrnunghúƨ
school
lïrnungknapə
(male) pupil
apprentice
lïrnungknëħt
lïrnungkräft
art of learning
lïrnungmann (pl. -menn)
pupil, scholar
lïrnungmäydən
female pupil
apprenticeship
lïrnungscepə
lïrnungskól
school
lïrnərə
learner, disciple
lïvən
sustenance
lïðiən wk. II
to unloose
lı̋ cə
leech
lı̋ d
a people, nation, tribe; ethnic group, ethnicity
lı̋ dbalu
calamity to a people
lı̋ dbiscəp
suffragan bishop, provincial
lı̋ dburʒ
town
lı̋ dbüyən
sale of one’s compatriots, slave-traffic
lı̋ dfrumə
preeminent citizen, prince, patriarch, chief
lı̋ dgrürə
ethnic atrocity
lı̋ dhatə
persecutor, tyrant
lı̋ dhetə
ethnic hostility
415
lı̋ dhrürə
lı̋ dhwät
lı̋ dkwal
lı̋ dküng
lı̋ dmärk
lı̋ dmäyn
lı̋ dméy
lı̋ drédən
lı̋ drëħt
lı̋ drúnə
lı̋ dscar
lı̋ dscaðə
lı̋ dscepə
lı̋ dstemn
lı̋ dwardə
lı̋ dwërəd
lı̋ dwïtə
lı̋ dwünn
lı̋ dyard
lı̋ dyəbüryə
lı̋ dyəliƨə
lı̋ dyəwinn
lı̋ dþáw
lı̋ də
lı̋ dən str. II
lı̋ dən
language
lı̋ dənkarr
lı̋ htən wk. I
lı̋ mən wk. I
lı̋ n str. I
lı̋ nd
lı̋ rnes
lı̋ rən wk. I
transitory, or temporary
lı̋ rəndə adj.
lı̋ vən wk. I
lı̋ xing
lı̋ xən wk. I
lı̋ xəndə adj.
lı̋ ħt adj.
lı̋ ħtherstən wk. I
lı̋ ħtiən wk. II
lı̋ ħtlik
lı̋ ħtmód
lı̋ ħtmódnes
lı̋ ħtsum
ló
lóbyə
fall of a people?
#(OE = very valiant)
genocide
king of a tribe, ruler
domain, country
might of a people, host
relative who is of one’s people
region (having a particular people), country
law of the land
#(OE = pythoness, sorceress)
division of a people
enemy of a people
ethnicity
voice of a nation?
government
host of a particular ethnicity
wise man of the people, elder, chief
enjoyment of one’s people?
ghetto
protector of the people, prince, king, lord
ethnology
ethnic struggle
ethnic custom
pl. people, folk(s)
fig. germinate, take root, be conceived
the speech or manner of speaking peculiar to a class of people, form of
sedan (car)
to light up, illuminate
to beam
to lend, loan
creditor; lender
passage (of time); transience
to pass (of time); to pass, be short-lived, last a short time; be transient,
passing, fleeting, transient, transitory, short-lived
to endear
emission of light (in any manner)
to give off light in any manner, shine, gleam, glitter, flash, glisten, beam
emitting light
light (in weight)
to sauté
to be lightened, relieved; to become lighter, lose weight
of little weight or importance, light, trifling, inconsiderable
easygoing
easygoing nature
light, graceful, elegant (of movement or form)
loop of rope, line, etc. acting as a pulley
klutz
416
lók interj.
lókiən wk. II
lóm
lómə
lómən wk. I
lópən wk. I
lóscäft
lótus
lóv
lóvlik
lóvlík
lóvwïʒl
lóvwïʒlərə
lóvə
lóʒ
lóʒiən wk. II
lóʒung
lörr
lörrən wk. I
löss
löynd
löynə
löynən wk. I
löyƨd
löyƨing
löyƨən wk. I
löƨiən wk. II
löƨiəndə adj.
lőc
lők
lőtrən wk .I
lúk
lúkən str. II
lúp
lúriən wk. II
for something or some action
lúskən wk .I
lútiən wk. II
lútən str. II
lúv
lúvwerd adj.
lúvwerdəƨ adv.
lúvən wk. I
lúvər
lúƨ (pl. lűƨ)
lúƨþorn
lübb
lübbkorn
lübbkräft
lo!
to regard (as, etc.); to give regard to, take notice of
loon
utensil, implement
to loom
to lope
stick with a strap to it
lotus
headband, fillet, chaplet
palmar
palmate
palmistry, palm-reading
palmister, palm-reader
palm of the hand
place, place to stay, accomodation, room
to place, find a place for, lodge, room; file (documents), save (computer files)
placement; accomodation, lodging, rooming
lure
to lure
loess
retreat (safe place)
refusal to answer a question
to refuse to answer a question (intr.)
disconnected, disunited, loose
loosening
to loosen (tr.), disconnect, disunite
to be missing
missing
attention, look, a looking-over
regard (consideration, esteem, aspect, concern)
to loiter
closure (e.g. of a bag), that which shuts or closes
to shut, close
loop-hole (opening in the top of a wall to let missiles pass or to peer through)
to bide one’s time, wait for the right, best, appropriate, or only possible time
to eavesdrop
to lurk
to defer (to a superior)
weather side of a ship (when sailing), opposed to lee
windward
to windward
to turn toward the wind, of a ship, tack, laveer
louver
louse; bug (in a computer)
spindle-tree
harmful drug or herb
a medicinal seed, wild saffron?
skill in the use of drugs or herbs, esp. for nefarious purposes
417
lübblåk
lübbla̋ cə
lübbəstrə
lübƨn
lücgə adj.
lüffəting
lüffətən
lüffətərə
lüft
lüftbaggə
lüftbåt
lüftdrivən adj.
lüftfarə
lüftfloʒə
lüftfle̋ʒənd
lüftflów
lüftflówlik
lüftflówyəbürdən
lüftflówyəliƨə
lüftfät
lüftfülld adj.
lüfthelm
lüftlik
lüftscaðə
lüftscip
lüftslup
lüftsprít
lüftstandyəliƨə
lüfttumbərtotr
lüfttumbərə
lüftwundr
lüftwïħt
lüftwünn
lüftyəliƨə
lüftyəlåk
lüftþrücnes
lüftþurv adj.
lüftþíħt
lüftə
lüftən adj.
lüftən wk. I
lült
lültən wk .I
lüm
lümfa
lümfalik
lünbor
lündə
lüng
use of drugs or herbs, esp. for nefarious purposes
sorcerer who uses drugs or herbs
sorceress who uses drugs or herbs
amulet, charm, talisman
lying, dishonest; false, untrue
flattery
to flatter
flatterer
air
airbag
airboat, swamp boat
pneumatic (contrivance)
aeronaut
flier in the air, dragon
flier in the air, bird
airflow
aerodynamic
aerodynamics (of a vehicle or aircraft)
aerodynamics (field of study)
an epithet of the moon or of a cloud
pneumatic (tire)
cloud cover, overcast sky
aerial
aerial robber (raven)
airship, dirigible, blimp
airhole
sylph
aerostatics
trapeze
trapeze artist
aerial wonder
aerobe
pleasure in flying
aeromechanics
flight through the air
air pressure
aerobic (= able to live, grow, or take place only where free oxygen is present)
airtight, hermetic
launch (into the air)
of the air, aerial
to launch (into the air)
lilt
to lilt
an opening in a roof, small aperture to let light in or smoke through
lymph
lymphatic
#(OE = borer, gimlet)
type of bacon
heather
418
lüns
linchpin
lürwrenc
scheme causing loss
lürə
loss (of money, property, worth, magnitude, size, number, etc.; i.e. noncriminal and expectable); attrition (loss of number, employees, etc.)
lüst
liking, pleasure, satisfaction
lüstayƨə
amenity
lüstən wk. I
to be pleasing (to); impers. mé lüstəð I please (to), choose (to), care (to)
lüti
sly, cunning, crafty; shady, dishonest
lütilik
shady, dishonest
lütines
cunning, craftiness, slyness, shadiness
lüttuk
small piece, particle
lütʒiən wk. II
to act dishonestly or crookedly
lüwtenant
lieutenant
lie detector
lüyma̋ lə
lüysaru
lying wile, trick
lüyspell
false news
lüysünni
prone to lying
lüytorn
feigned indignation
lüyword
lying word
lüywürħtə
liar, crafter of lies
lie (=untruth)
lüyə
lüyən
dishonesty
lüyəniən wk. II
to convict of lying
lüƨu
foul play
lüƨwən
corrupt
lucre
lűkr
lűkət
casement
lűnsum
frenzied, in a tantrum; lűnsumə amok, amuck
lűnə
tantrum, frenzy, fit of lunacy
lűra
lyre
a little, a bit (of)
lűt adv., adj.
lűt
lute (clayey cement)
lűthwón adv., adj., pron.
very little, very few
lűtl
small, little
microscope
lűtlhåwərə
lűtlhűdi, lűtlmód
pusillanimous
lűtling
little one, infant, child
lűtliən wk. II
to diminish, become smaller
lűtlnes
smallness
lűtlpokkådl, lűtlpokkoðə
smallpox
lűtlung
diminution, diminishment
lűtlworəld
microcosm
lűtlwïħt
microorganism
lűtlə
wench, lass
lűtləm adv.
little by little, gradually
lűtə
defect, flaw (esp. physical), damage
lűtəƨnə
barely
lűð
archaic: subjects, vassals (of a king); in modern use: staff (of a company,
business, etc.), subordinates
419
lűðrlik
sordid; squalid
lűðrnes
poor condition or quality; baseness, disgraceful or shameful conduct; laziness,
sluggishness, torpor
poor (in quality or physical condition); in a sorry state; base, low, disgraceful,
lűðrə adj.
shameful; lazy, sluggish, spiritless
macete
machete
madámə
madam, ma’am; lady, milady (in calling or addressing someone); pl. ‘ladies’
addressing an audience
to be delirious, go astray mentally
maffiən wk. II
maflən wk .I
to mispronounce
mafya
mafia, Mafia
magaƨín
military magazine (for weapons, gunpowder, ammunition)
maggən wk .I
to botch, mess up, muck up, goof up
magister
master, teacher, one who teaches an apprentice or learner
magisterdóm
mastery
magisterlik
magisterial
magisterscepə
role of master or teacher
magma
magma (not volcanic)
magnetə
lodestone (mineral; as a navigation aid see lådstån)
magnolya
magnolia
majesté
majesty (especially used of a sovereign)
majoran
marjoram
makaróni
macaroni
makiendlik adj.
causative
makiən wk. II
to make (someone or something do something), to cause (someone or
something to do something); to cause to be or become, make (+ adjective); to cause to become, make (into) (+
noun); to cause, occasion (cause to be, cause to happen)
makkərel
mackerel
makl
mackle, macle (blur in printing)
makung
causing, making (something happen)
makə
match, one of a pair
makərə
agent (in a process); catalyst; instigator, driver
maladyə
malady
malard
mallard
malayƨə
malaise; discomfort, sickness
maleyzon
malediction
malkin
oven cloth
mall
mace (club)
malm
mineral
malmiħt
bearing minerals (of rock)
malmstån
a soft, crumbly, greyish-white limestone, ‘malm’
malmyəliƨə
mineralogy
malscavə
a kind of caterpillar, Eruca, canker
malskriən wk. II
to mystify
malskrung
bewitchment; stupefaction, mystification
malt
malt
maltal
malt-ale
malthúƨ
malt-house
maltiən
to malt
420
maltowtə
maltwürt
maltyəskot
maltərə
malwə
malárya
malínən wk. I
mammi
mammot
mamr
mamriən wk. II
man
manatí
manbred
mand
mandarín
mandarínisc
mandola
mandolin
mandragə
mandril
mandrən wk. I
mandən wk. I
mang
manga
manganeƨə
mangiən wk. II
manglən wk. I
mangonel
mangråv
mangung
mangunghúƨ
mangús
mangərə
mani adj.
maniblı̋ adj.
manida̋ lədə adj.
manifald
manifaldlik
manifaldnes
manifaldə
manifaldən wk. I
manihı̋ wə
manikund adj.
manikundnes
manilik
manimëdmə
Manisc
manisídlik
an unjust or burdensome tax
malt-wort
payment in malt
maltster
mallow
malaria
to malign
mummy, mommy, mammy (child’s word for ‘mother’)
mammoth
sleepiness, lethargy
to doze
mane
manatee
memo pad
basket with handles
mandarin
Mandarin (language, people)
mandola
mandolin
mandrake
mandril
to move or act in a dreamy, idle, or inconsequent manner
to send for, summon
jumble, mess, medley, confusion, disorder; crowd, throng
mango
manganese
to hawk, sell or advertise aggressively
to mangle
machine for throwing stones
mangrove
hawking, aggressive selling
house of merchandise to be hawked
mongoose
hawker, huckster
numerous, more than one, many; with sg. many a; pref. multimulticoloured
having numerous parts, multipartite; elaborate (story, scheme, etc.)
manifold, multiple
plural?
multiplicity, abundance, complexity
a multiple
to multiply
multiform
miscellaneous
miscellany
multifarious
multimedia
Manx
multilateral, many-sided
421
manisíðəƨ adv.
manitéwə
maniwőnə
maniyérə adj.
maniþe̋ dlik
maniən wk. II
maniənd
manjur
mankən wk. I
mankəs
mann m. pl. menn
manna
mannbetrung
mannbérə
mannbót
manndrám
manndrüħn
mannfar
mannfultəm
mannhatə
mannhetə
mannhı̋ wədə
manniən wk. II
defense, etc.
mannkwalm
mannkwäld
mannkünn
mannküst
mannlik
mannluvyəlávə
mannluvə
mannláƨ
mannlíkə
mannmakiəndə adj.
mannmakung
mannmenyə
mannmerring
mannmäyn
mannmürðrə
mannrédən
mannrím
mannscepə
mannseln
mannslaʒə
mannsleyə
mannsläħt
mannswéƨ
mannwinə
mannwërð
often, oftentimes
multitalented
pluralism
perennial (= lasting many years)
multinational
to remind (to do something, let know)
one who reminds
manger
to cripple
mancus, one-eighth of a pound (= thirty silver pence)
(a) human, human being, person; (without article) man (in general sense)
manna
eugenics
producing persons
fine paid to the lord of a man slain
festivity, revelry
lord, master
procession of people
military force sent as a backup
misanthrope
misanthropy
anthropoid, anthropomorphous
to station men in, station troops in, furnish with a force of men for labour,
man’s (human’s) agony (as in battle)
pestilence, mortality, plague
mankind
human virtue
anthropoid
humanitarianism (belief)
love of mankind, philanthropy, humanitarianism
uninhabited
likeness (of a person), effigy
anthropomorphic
anthropomorphism
multitude of people
impediment to people, impeding of people
cohort
murderer of people
a supply of men for purposes of warfare
number of men
human nature; humanity, courtesy, civility
slave trade; human trafficking
homicide (person)
killing blow
homicide (act)
cutesy, endearing
humanitarian, philanthropist
value of a human beings
422
mannwërðung
mannwërəd
mannwíƨə
mannyəliƨə
mannzentrisc
mannákə
mannétə
mannþrümm
mannþwériən wk. II
mannþwérnes
mannþwérə
mannþe̋ v
mannə
mannəkin
mansyon
manteynən wk. I
mantis
mantiħora
mantə
mantəl
manung
manur
some feudal rights)
manyər
manzipl
manővrə
manƨ
mappbók
mappə
mapəldr
mapəldrən
marcpayn
marcə
mareys
margallə
marimba
marinadə
marinátən
mariħwana
mark2
markasítə
markesə
markis
markiən wk. II
note, observe
markung
markə
markərə
markət
adoration of humans
collection of people
manner of human beings
anthropology
anthropocentric
progeny
cannibal (n. and adj.)
a large force of men or soldiers
to humanize
altruism
altruistic
person-stealer
man (as a member of a crew, army, company, etc.); servant, slave, vassal
mannequin
country house
to practise habitually (a virtue or vice, an action)
mantis
manticore
mantilla
mantle (garment)
reminder
manor (district governed by a feudal lord; estate over which the owner holds
manner(ism)
manciple
manoeuvre
ecclesiastical residence
atlas
map
maple-tree
made of maple
marzipan
bordering land, neighbouring land, marches
morass
gentian
marimba
marinade
to marinate
marijuana
mark (money)
pyrites
marchioness
marquess, marquis
to mark; to brand; (esp. əmarkiən wk. II) to mark out, delimit; to write down,
marking, branding; mark, characteristic
space marked out, delimited area
notetaker; shorthand writer
market (for a good, those willing to buy)
423
markətbürəƨ
markətfloʒəting
markətfərfülling
markətpläzə
markətpríƨ
markətsmáyung
markəttəsmáyung
markətundərsókn
markətyering
markəta̋ scə
markətőkonomyə
markətəwirðing
marlə
marmoset
marmə
marməladə
marmənstån
marriən wk. II
marron
Mars
marscal
martr
martrdóm, martrhåd
martriən wk. II
martrkünn
martrrak
martrung
marxwőnə
marxwőnənd
maryonettə
maryən wk. I
wërðən to get married
Marz
marʒ
marə
mask
maskara
masklə
maskot
massə
massərə
mastodon
matras
matrix
matt adj.
mattuk
mattə
mawgré
mawk
market forces
market fluctuation
market saturation
market square
market price
market study
market analysis
market research
market trend
market survey
market economy
market assessment, market appraisal
marl
marmoset
marble (stone)
marmelade
piece of marble
to err, make a mistake
maroon
Mars
marshal
martyr
martyrdom
to martyr
race of martyrs
martyrology
martyring
Marxism
Marxist
marionette
to marry off (one’s daughter or son), provide with a husband or wife; marid
March
wild horse
nightmare
mesh (network, interlaced structure)
mascara
male of an animal
mascot
a mass (body of matter); mass (esp. Phys.)
loan shark
mastodon
mattress
matrix
lustreless, dull (of colours, metals, polished or glossy surfaces, etc.)
mattock
mat
despite, in spite of
woodworm, borer
424
mawmət
doll
Mawndé
Maundy Thursday
mawnjən wk. I
to feast; to eat excessively
Mawr
Moor
mawté
malice
maylə
hole for the passage of a lace, clasp, or other fastening of a garment; an
eyelet-hole, ‘eye’; eye of a needle
maynpernur
mainpernor (see OED)
maynpríƨə
mainprise (see OED)
maynpríƨən wk .I
to mainprise (see OED)
mayné
royal house, noble house (= family and lineage)
mayoneƨ
mayonnaise
mayrə
mayor
mayƨ
maize, (NAmer) corn
maðuk
flyblow
maðə
maggot
maʒ
young unmarried man, bachelor; pref. Mr. (applied to an unmarried man)
maʒdrüħt
the bridesmen at a wedding
maʒhåwərə
gastroscope
maʒiən wk. II
to come into power, take effect, come into force, be in force
emphatic, insistent, unequivocal, assertive
maʒl
maʒlik
unmarried (of men)
maʒliən wk. II
to emphasize
maʒllik
serious, in earnest
maʒlmód
earnest, strenuous
earnestness, strenuousness
maʒlmódnes
maʒlnes
emphasis, insistence, unequivocalness, assertiveness
maʒnes
means, resources, wealth, power, ability; military resources, forces, troops
maʒnən wk. I
to enable
maʒrink
young upright man
bachelor president
maʒréƨwə
maʒsnidə, maʒsníðing
gastrostomy
maʒyuʒəð
bachelorhood, bachelor days
maʒðə
mayweed
gastroenteritis
maʒþarmþe̋ r
maʒþeyn
unmarried vassal
maʒþe̋ r
gastritis
maʒþíħt
strong of stomach
maʒə adj.
having means, powerful, wealthy; able, adept, resourceful
maʒə
stomach
maʒən pret.-pres.
to be able (to), can; past maħtə, hypothetical mäħtə (“could” indicating
capability); impersonal “can be, is possible”; “may, might” expressed by impersonal 3rd sg. + ðe, relative
conjunction + subjunctive (= “it can (be), is possible, that...)
maʒəndnes
ability
maʒəndə adj.
able
maʒəndən wk. I
to enable
maʒənlik adj.
possible, doable, feasible
maʒənliknes
possibility, feasibility
425
maħt
power (= ability to do, influence, achieve, effect, also legally conferred);
(electric, diesel, solar, wind) power, power to move or drive
maħtful
having or enjoying power, in power
maħti
powerful, mighty (the latter usually only in reference to God or gods)
maħtláƨ
powerless
maħtmód
violent temper, passion
maħtsetl
seat of power
maħtyən wk. I
to empower
maƨiən wk. II
to confuse (someone), cause to misunderstand, mix up, or make a mistake
maƨlərə
sacristan
maƨləƨ
measles
maƨə
maze, labyrinth
maƨər
mazer (see OED)
meccə
match (for lighting a fire)
medprefix indicates mediocrity or inferiority
medley
medley
medlsum
meddlesome
medlən wk. I
to meddle, interlope
medmicl
of mediocre size or importance
medmiclnes
smallness (of mind)
medrícə
of low status or rank
medspődi
having limited success
medstrang
of limited strength
medsélð
untimeliness
medtrum
flimsy; unsound; weak, feeble; infirm, sickly, ill
medtrumnes
flimsiness; unsoundness; weakness, feebleness; infirmity, illness, sickness
medwíƨ
dimwitted
mek
me (acc. sg. of ic); myself (reflex.)
melanín
melanin
meld
notice (as to vacate an apartment, etc.), a notice
̋
meldfe
informant’s reward
meldiən wk. II
to declare, announce, tell, reveal; inform, notify, apprise (someone dat. of
something acc., usu. something previously hidden or secret); meld (at cards)
meldr
a quantity of meal ground at one time
meldung
declaration, revelation
meldə
informant
meldə2
orache (plant)
melk
a milking
melkfät
milking-pail
melkən str. III
to milk
melon
melon
melsc
excessively sweet, cloying
melsciən wk. II
to sweeten to excess
melting
melting
meltən str. III
to melt (intr.)
melu adj.
mellow (of fruit, wine, earth, substances)
membr
member (of a group, society, etc.)
menglən wk. I
to mingle
mengrəl
mongrel
426
menison
meniver
menjing
menjling
menjnes
menjən wk. I
menk
mennisc adj.
mennischåd
mennisckünn
mennisclik
menniscliknes
mennisclår
menniscmakiən wk. I
menniscnes
menniscwőnə
menniscwőnənd
menniscə
mennə (< *menənə)
mennən
menscilling
mensk
menskful
menskláƨ
menskən wk. I
menstral
mentl
mentlpre̋ n
menyə
menə
Mercisc
Mercland
Mercə pl.
mergrund
meriən wk. I
merking
Merkúryus
merkə
merkəlƨ
merkən wk. I
merlyon
merləƨ
mersc
merscberyə
merschop
merschóvə
merscland
merscmalwə
merscmargallə
dysentery
miniver
combination
hybrid; mulatto
composition
to combine, synthesize
mink
human; natural (for human beings, people)
humanness, being human (as opposed to animal, divine, etc.)
humankind, (all of) humanity
humane
humaneness, humanity
humanism, Humanism (doctrine)
to humanize
humanity (attribute)
humanism (system of belief)
humanist
human state, humanness, being human
maidservant
manservant
coin worn as an ornament
dignity
dignified
undignified
to dignify; to honour, distinguish
minstrel
suit (men’s outfit)
pin for a suit
multitude
necklace
Mercian
Mercia
Mercians
lake-bottom
to purify, refine
designation
Mercury
mark (esp. an identifying mark)
(commercial) brand
to designate
merlinhawk
merels (game, see OED); sg. merl counter used in this game
marsh
cranberry
high ground in fenny country
marsh hove (plant)
marshland
marshmallow (the plant, not the confection)
gentiana pneumonanthe
427
merscmüln
mill in a fen
merscwərə pl.
inhabitants of marches
meru
tender (also treatment, words, etc.)
merulendn
tenderloin
merulik
delicate, sensitive, requiring care or precision; tender, sore, inflamed
merunes
tenderness
merzi
a favour, kindness (for which no requital is expected)
merziful
kind, generous (and expecting nothing in return)
merchandise/trading dues (?)
merzə
merzərə
mercer
merð
marten
merðən adj.
made of marten-skins
merə
lake; the combining form merə- means ‘sea-‘ (in older and poetic
compounds) ; the combining form for ‘lake-‘ is mermerəbåt
sea-boat, vessel
sea-chest, ark
merəcest
merəcə
wild celery, smallage
merədáð
death at sea
merəde̋ r
sea-animal
merəfarə
sailor
sea-current
merəfarəð
merəfisc
sea-fish
merəflód
mass of sea-water, deluge
merəgrot
pearl
merəgrund
seafloor
sea-stallion, ship
merəhenjəst
merəhors
manatee, dugong
merəhräyl
sail
merəhwarv
seashore
merəhúƨ
sea-house, the ark
sea-course
merəlåd
merəlíðəndə adj.
seafaring
merəmann
merman
merəmennə
mermaid
sea-adder, ‘murena’?
merənädrə
merəsmült
quiet as the sea, calm
merəstall
stagnant seawater
merəstrengə
strength in swimming
merəstrám
sea-stream, current
merəstrét
sea-path
merəswín
porpoise, dolphin
merətorr
towering wall of the (Red) sea
merətorħt
(rising) bright form the sea
merəward
sea-warden
merəwív
water-witch
merəwőri
sea-weary
merəþüssə
#(OE = ship)
mesc
a mesh, one of the open spaces of a net, screen, sieve, etc.
mess
mess (hall)
428
messang
messdäy
messhaklə
messhräyl
messiən wk. II
messkrédə
messlåk
messnäħt
messpre̋ st
messpre̋ sthåd
messpre̋ stscír
messrávəƨ
messtall
messtíd
messung
messwín
messyärlə
messévən
Messías
messþeyn
messþeynung
messúħtə
messə
messərbanə
messərə
mestyər
mestən wk. I
metawl
metbäli
metflíung
metfät
metfétəlƨ
metgavl
methó
metiən wk. II
metklëvə
metknåwərə
metkorn
metkuklər
metkund
metkwërrə
metkú
metlik adj.
metlust
metlást
metláƨ
metlåv
metlómən pl.
metmann
singing at mass
mass-day
mass-vestment, cope, chasuble
mass-vestment, surplice
to celebrate or attend mass
creed said at mass, Nicene creed
mass-offering, host?
night before a mass
mass-priest
office or order of a mass-priest
district for which a mass-priest officiated
mass-vestments
place from which the priest said mass
time of saying mass
celebration or attendance of mass
wine used at mass
mass-accessory
eve of a mass
Messiah
mass-priest
service of the mass, celebration of mass
hour, or service, of matins on a feast-day
mass (service)
muderer of a priest
priest who celebrates mass
function
to feed with mast, fatten with mast
#(OE = meat-hook?)
food-bag
#(OE = atrophy; əflíən = ?)
dish
cupboard (for food)
payment (to a lord) in food
snack break, lunch break
to feed on
pantry
gourmet, food connoisseur
allowance of grain to dependants
tablespoon
of measurement, metrical
indigestion, surfeit
cow used for food
modest (esp. in size, quality, price, worth, etc. -- measurable attributes)
appetite (for food)
want of food, starvation
without food, starving
leftovers
cutlery
gourmand
429
metnád
metr
metränn
metrédərə
metscepə
metselə
metstikkə
metswamm
metsäx
metsókn
metta̋ cing
mettíd
metung
metyarwə
metyärd
meta̋ trung
metʒiən wk. II
metʒiənd
metʒung
metþarvəndə adj.
metþeyn
metþing
metþivl
metþiynən
metþíħt
metə
metənlik
metənnes
mewlə
meyn
meyósis
meyƨə
container
meziən wk. II
mezung
mezəryə
mezərə
meʒn
meʒnland
meʒnmät
meʒnsinwind
meʒnstrám
meʒnvers
meʒnveyn
meʒnþema
meħtlik
meħtliknes
meħtə adj.
meƨűrə
need of food
metre/meter (measurement)
refectory
reader at meal-times
the action of taking food; repast
(officers’) mess; dining hall
chopstick
edible mushroom
food-knife, knife (at table)
recourse to food
recipe
mealtime
diet, customary food
preparations of food
measuring-stick (or -rod)
food poisoning
to moderate, control, govern
moderator
moderation, governance
needing food, destitute
waiter
operation connected with cooking
chopstick
waitress
well-nourished
food (Speise, Essen)
measurable
dimension
(older) girl, female adolescent, female teenager
mean, middle
meiosis (biol.)
a measure of 500 fish, a basket to carry so many; later, any very large
to supply or deal in food
supply or dealing in food
grocery
grocer
main part; adj. main
mainland
main course (of a meal)
aorta
main current
chorus (of a song)
vena cava
motif
possible
possibility
potential
measure (to achieve or prevent something), action
430
meþod
method
meþodlik
methodical
meþodscepə
methodology; (scientific) protocol
micgərn
suet
micl
large, big, great
miclburʒ
metropolis
micldónd adj.
doing great things
miclhádədə
bigheaded
micliən wk. II
to magnify, make larger
micllik
grand, great, magnificent
miclmód adj.
magnanimous
miclnes
greatness
miclsprëkəndə adj.
boasting
miclung
magnification
miclwürdi adj.
grandiloquent, magniloquent
miclyəwald
(economic, political) superpower
miclétə adj.
greedy, gluttonous
miclə
size
micə
small loaf
mid
prep., adv., prefix: with, along with, together with, including, using; indicates
accompaniment, togetherness, association, coincidence, instrument; temporal = at the same time as
midd
middle (adj.), mid, median
middfle̋ ndbür
centrifugal force
middfle̋ ndə adj.
centrifugal
middfërʒ
middle age?
middle of the hilt
middhiltə
middhreðr
diaphragm, midriff
middhriv
diaphragm, midriff
middl
middle (n.), centre; adj. central, middle
middlentən
mid-Lent
middlfingr
middle finger
septum of the nose
middlflérə
middlfót
instep
middlhrücg
middle ridge
middlik adj.
intermediate; middlik stïy intermediate level
middliən wk. II
to halve, divide down the middle
middlrícə
the middle kingdom
middlskól
junior high school
middlung
halving
middlungə adv.
to a medium or moderate extent
middlyəma̋ rə
middle border
middlyəsculdr
part of the body between the shoulders
middlédrə
median vein (blood vessel)
middlívájə
Mesozoic
middlən
midst
middmät
middle course (of a meal), middle entrée (often the main course)
middnes
middle, intermediate point
middnäħt
midnight
middstrám
midstream
431
middsumr
middsőcəndbür
middsőcəndə
middwerd adj.
middwerdəƨ adv.
middwey
middwintr
middäy
pm, when the sun is highest)
middäylik adj.
middäymetə
undərnmetə)
middäysang
middäytímə
middäyþeynung
middërvən str. III
middəməst adj
middənärd
midervnumə
midhaldən str. VII
midhelp
midhlütə
midråd
midsingənd
midswőyən
midsíðiən wk. II
midtåkniən wk. II
midwist
midwitənnes
midwunung
midwërkən wk. I
midwïtəndə adj.
midwürħtə
midyəsíð
midþaħtiən wk. II
midþrówiən wk. II
midþrówiəndə adj.
midþrówung
midərävnənd
miggə
migraynə
mik
mikl
miklnes
mikə
milcə
mildhërt
mildhërtnes
mildiən wk. II
midsummer
centripetal force
centripetal
middle, central
through the midst or middle
midway
midwinter
midday (a broad time period anywhere from about 11:00 am to about 3:00
midday (adj.), meridian
midday meal, lunch, ‘tea’ (but not usu. a regular meal, unlike nónmetə and
midday service, sext
noon
lunch-service, (early) afternoon service
to cooperate
midmost
poetic for the earth as situated between heaven and hell
coheir
to attend (someone), escort, consort, chaperone, accompany, follow around
assistance
(football, etc.) pool, sweepstakes
riding in company
one who sings with another
to sound together
to accompany, associate with
to connote (in non-logic-related senses)
presence with, association; cooperation, participation
cognizance
living in company
to cooperate
cognizant
cooperator
companion
to consent
to sympathize
sympathetic
sympathy
accomplice, accessory
the drainings from manure, liquid manure (such as is drained from cowstalls)
migraine
buddy
important, significant, weighty; having high rank, powerful
importance, significance
forked support on which a boom rests when it is lowered
milch, giving milk (þrímilcə giving milk three times a day)
charitable, forgiving, tolerant
charitableness, tolerance
to be lenient, go easy (on)
432
mildlik
propitious
mildnes
leniency, clemency; softness (in punishment, policy, etc.)
mildáw
honeydew (sweet sticky substance on leaves and stems of plants, secreted by
aphids)
mildʒiən wk. II
to mitigate; extenuate (in legal sense)
mildʒiəndə adj.
mitigating; extenuating; mildʒiəndə ümrédən extenuating circumstances
mildə
lenient, merciful, indulgent; soft (on crime, on children, on bad behaviour);
clement; mild (punishment, winter), not severe; gentle, easy (treatment)
of milk
milkən adj.
milkən wk. I
to lactate
miltkoðə
anthrax
miltse̋ k
splenetic
miltwärk
sharp pain in the spleen
spleen
miltə
miltəstrə
prostitute
brothel
miltəstərn, miltəstrhúƨ
milyon
million
milz
mercy
milzful
merciful
milziən wk. II
to have mercy on, show mercy to
one who shows mercy
milziənd
milzláƨ
merciless
milzung
mercy, forgiveness; indulgence, pardon
milzədlik
pardonable, venial
mimp
pursing of the lips
to purse (the lips)
mimpən wk. I
mimriən wk. II
to memorize
min adj.
naughty
mind
bandanna
minn adj.
minor; insignificant, petty, trivial; measly; little, small
minnbəcépingəƨ
classified advertisements
minnlik
petty
minnword
(gramm.) particle
minnåħt
souvenir, memento
remembrance
minnə
minnən wk. I
to remember (< Scand)
minthamm
field of mint
mintə
mint
minyon
minion (of a sovereign, etc.)
minútə
minute (of time)
mircə adj.
eerie, mysterious
mirur
mirror
miskiən wk. II
to mix
misl
mistletoe
misllím
birdlime made from mistletoe
missprefix indicates 1) error, wrong; 2) immorality; 3) injustice, wrong; 4)
misfortune 5) amiss (English mis-, mal-, dis-)
miss adv.
amiss, wrongly, badly
missaventűrə
misadventure
433
missaʒ
missborən
missbroydən adj.
missbrúk
missbrúkən str. II
missburð
missbe̋ dən str. II
missbűƨniən wk. II
missbəþı̋dən wk. I
missceppən str. VI
or animal, freak
misscrenc
misscrűdən wk. I
misscärrən wk. I
missce̋ƨən str. II
misscíriən wk. II
missdéd
missdóm
missdón anom.
missdőmən wk. I
missendbürdən wk. I
missendən wk. I
misservis
misservən wk. I
missettən wk. I
missfadiən wk. II
missfadung
missfallən str, VII
missfarən str. VI
missfeng
missfle̋ tən str. I
missfäll
missfón str. VII
missfődən wk. I
missgang
missgetən str. IV
missgrőtən wk. I
missgån anom.
misshalding
misshaldən str. VII
misshandliən wk. II
misshapp
misshopiən wk. II
misshopə
misshérən wk. I
misshı̋ wiən wk. II
missilkiənd
missilkung
misskalviən wk. II
false saying, untrue saying
degenerate (or: abortive?)
drawn aside
misuse
to misuse
malformation (or: abortion?)
(w. dat.) to be unjust to, do wrong to
to set a bad example
to misinterpret
to deform; misscäpən misshapen, deformed; a misscäpənə deformed person
distorted, shrivelled
to clothe amiss
to disorient
to choose ill
to mismanage, oversee wrongly
misdeed
misjudgment
to do evil, do wrong, do amiss
to misjudge (at trial)
to disorganize, organize wrongly
to send to the wrong place or person
disservice
to do a disservice to
to set in a wrong place
to put in the wrong order; to disarrange, mess up, bring into disorder
wrong order or arrangement; disorder
turn out ill
to go the wrong way
mistake
to drift off (to sleep, etc.)
mischance
to make a mistake, be deceived
to malnourish
trespass
to fail to get
to greet amiss or with bad words
to go astray, err
mistreatment, abuse
to mistreat, abuse
to mishandle
misfortune
to despair
despair
to hear amiss, hear wrongly
to misform, mis-shape, form amiss
discrepant
discrepancy
to abort a calf
434
misskenning
misskennən wk. I
missknåwən str. VII
misskontən wk. I
misskonzeyt
misskwiddiən wk. I
misskwotən wk. I
misskwëðən str. V
misskwőmən wk. I
misskërvən str. III
misslecgən wk. I
misslicəm
misslik
missliknes
misslimp
misslimpən str. III
missliviən wk. I
misslår
missla̋ dən wk. I
missla̋ rə
missla̋ rən wk. I
misslíkiən wk. II
misslókiən wk. II
misslükk
missmakiən wk. II
missmarkiən wk. II
missmeldiən wk. II
missmerkən wk. I
missmicl
missminnən wk. I
missmünd
missnamə
missnemning
missnemnən wk. I
missnotiən wk. II
missnïmən str. IV
misspellən wk. I
misspendən wk. I
misspenƨ
missprentə
missprentən wk. I
missprék
missprëkən str. V
misspríƨyon
misspríƨən wk. I
misspówən str. VII
misspődən wk. I
etc.)
missrekniən wk. II
misidentification
to misidentify
to mistake (someone or something for another)
to miscalculate
wrong notion
to misstate
to misquote
to claim incorrectly or falsely, allege wrongly
to displease
to carve awry
to mislay
variously
various, sundry; divergent (from); adv. in various ways, diversely, aimlessly
variety
mishap
to go wrong, happen badly
to lead a bad life
false doctrine
to mislead
bad or evil teaching; misinformation
to teach amiss, teach wrongly, misinform
to not suit, be incompatible with, suit ill
to have no regard for
misfortune
to mar
to mark wrongly
to misreport
to designate wrongly
of varying sizes
to remember wrongly, misremember, remember falsely; be mistaken
false memory
misnomer (= wrong name)
misnomer (= mistake in naming; use of a wrong name)
to misname, name wrongly
to employ wrongly, employ amiss, misuse
to take by mistake
to misspell
to misspend
improper or wasteful expenditure
misprint
to misprint
incorrect speaking
to mispeak
a misdemeanour or failure of duty on the part of a public official
to fail to appreciate the good qualities in
to fare badly; to fail, be a failure (of a person)
to fail, fail to work, be unsuccessful (of plans, schemes, tricks, medicines,
to misreckon
435
missrempən wk. I
missráðən str. VII
missra̋ cən wk. I
missréd
missrédən str. VII
missrëkən str. V
missrímən wk. I
missríx
missríxiən wk. II
misstak
misstakən str. VI
misstellən wk. I
missteppən wk. I
misstepə
misstitliən wk. II
misstiħtən wk. I
misstowt
misstrowst
misstrowstən wk. I
misströystən wk. I
misstrúwful
misstrúwiən wk. II
misstrúwə
missta̋ cən wk. I
misstíd
misstídən wk. I
misstímiən wk. II
misstı̋ rən wk. I
misstüħtən wk. I
misswaxən str. VI
misswend
misswendən wk. I
misswirking
misswirkən wk. I
misswitriən wk. II
misswitrung
missword
misswrítən str. I
misswëniən wk. II
misswërk
misswërðiən wk. II
misswërðən str. III
misswëʒən str. V
misswíviən
misswíƨiən wk. II
misswïtən pret.-pres.
misswőnen wk. I
misswürcən wk. I
missyémən wk. I
to happen unexpectedly, for the worse
to misadvise, miscounsel
to reach awry or wrongly
folly, misguided idea or plan
to read wrongly
to go amiss, go astray
to miscount
misrule
to misrule
misapprehension
to misapprehend
to misplace
to make a mistep
misstep
to mistitle
to mismanage (a business)
wrongly proud
diffidence
to have no confidence (that)
to cause to be unsure or insecure
distrustful, mistrustful
to mistrust, distrust
mistrust, distrust
to show (how to) wrongly
bad time
to happen amiss
to time incorrectly
to steer in the wrong direction, steer amiss; to fail to discipline
to train wrongly
to grow improperly
wrong turn
to turn the wrong way
malfunction
to malfunction
to misinform
misinformation
evil word; harsh word, slander
to write incorrectly, miswrite
to mistreat
poor work, bad job
to dishonour, ill-treat, disrespect
to turn out badly, turn out amiss
to weigh incorrectly
to marry the wrong woman
to misdirect; misguide
to be unwitting
to think mistakenly or wrongly (that), be of the wrong opinion
to do ill
to pay no attention to
436
missyəbérən
to misbehave
missyəhűd
misjudgment
missyəlávə
erroneous belief, heresy
missyəlévən wk. I
to believe amiss, have an erroneous belief
missyəriħtən wk. I
to misgovern
missyəriƨniən wk. II
to mismatch; to not fit
missyəwidrə
(very) bad weather
missyəþı̋dən wk. I
to mistranslate
missäcgən wk. I
to say amiss, wrongly, or incorrectly; tell amiss, miinform
missőmən wk. I
not to conform
missþencən wk. I
to have evil thoughts
missþı̋ n str. I
to mis-thrive, degenerate, do poorly
missþóħt
misconception; bad idea
missþüncən wk. I
to seem wrong or amiss
missþünksum adj.
fallible
missþünkən wk. I
to be mistaken
missə
a miss; strike (in baseball)
missəklïpiən wk. II
to mispronounce
missən wk. I
to miss (a mark, target); (w. dat.) to escape the notice of one
missənyëtən str. V
to misunderstand
half-year, six months; semester
missərə
mist
mist
mistglóm
misty gloom
misthelm
covering of mist
misthlið
cloud-capped slope, misty slope
misti
misty
mistiən wk. II
to be misty
mitaynə
mitten
mitra
mitre (headdress)
mitting
lucky strike, successful hit, fulfilment of goal
mittə conj.
as (= at the same time that)
mittə
measure equal to two ambers
mittən wk. I
to hit upon (something sought), strike (e.g. gold, oil), hit the mark, reach (a
goal), be successful; to come across, run into (by chance)
mittəndlik adj.
accusative (case)
mitósis
mitosis
mixən
dung-heap, midden
mixənplantə
nightshade (plant)
mið
landmark (conspicuous object or site)
miðən adj.
ulterior (motives)
miʒðblód
uremia, uraemia
miʒðevnə
urea
miʒðlik adj.
urinary
miʒðsúrə
uric acid
miʒðþrung
urethra
miʒðþrúʒ
ureter
miʒðə
urine
mod
mode; (grammatical) mood
model
model
437
modern adj.
fashionable, trendy
modl
mould (form)
modlən wk. I
to mould, cast
modrən wk. I
to modify, alter
mok
mush, purée (esp. of fruit, vegetables)
mokkasin
moccasin
mokkən wk. I
to mock
mokkəryə
mockery
mol
debris
moldkorn
saxifraga granulata, and its granular tuber
moldwërp
mole (animal)
moldə
dust of the ground, dusty (dry, loose) earth; also the dust from which humans
were held to have been made and to which they return upon death
molecule
molekulə
mollə
marmot, woodchuck, groundhog (all synonymous)
molsc
humus
to moulder
molƨniən wk. II
molübda̋ na
molydenum
molən
curds
molənstüccə
a curd, piece of curd
mon pron.
one, you, people, they (indef., = German man, Dutch men, French on)
Mon
Isle of Man
money
coins, change, money in coins
monopólyə
monopoly
monopólíƨən wk. I
to monopolize
monstr
monstrosity
monstrous
monstruƨ
montəbank
mountebank
monyon
armour for the arms
monyəl
mullion
mop
moppə
morfín
morphine
morkin
wool pulled from the skin of a dead sheep
morknən wk. I
to decompose
tidbit, treat
morsəl
mort
a great deal
mortoyƨə
mortise
mortr
mortar (substance for cohering)
mortrewƨ
a kind of soup made of bread and milk
morð
death penalty, capital punishment
morðdéd
deadly sin, cardinal sin
morðhov
institution for capital offenders
morðhúƨ
institution for capital punishment
morðkovə
death chamber
morðr
murder
morðrbalu
destruction of murder
morðrbedd
bed where someone was murdered
morðrgülti
guilty of murder
morðrhetə
blood-feud
438
morðrhücgəndə adj.
morðrkräft
morðrkwal
morðrkwalm
morðrlán
morðrslaʒə
morðrsleyə
morðrsläħt
morðrwürħtə
morðwërk
morʒn
morʒndrenk
morʒnkald
morʒnkollə
morʒnlang
morʒnlik
morʒnle̋ ħt
morʒnmessə
morʒnmetə
morʒnreyn
morʒnspell
morʒnspréc
morʒnstërrə
morʒnswőy
morʒnse̋ k
morʒntorħt
morʒntíd
morʒnwlatung
morʒnwäknən wk. I
morʒnyëv
marriage
morʒnyəbedtíd
morə
morəl
morəð
moské
moskíto
mot
motlé
motto
motə
mowrhüll, mowrhúƨ
mowrə
mowsón
mowə
moylən wk. I
moyson
moyən
moƨ
with murderous thoughts
art of murder
assassination
fig. ‘murder’, torment, misery, pain, difficulty
retribution for murder
homicide (person), murderer
homicide (act), murder
slaughter, murder
murderer
deadly work, act which causes death, murder
morning
morning drink
chill at morn
massacre at morn
lasting a morning
matutinal, of the morning
morning light, dawn
morning mass, first mass
breakfast
morning rain
morning news
periodical meeting of a guild on the morrow after the guild-feast
morning star
sound of the morning
sick at morn
resplendent at morn
morning-time
morning sickness
to wake up early
gift by a husband to his wife the morning after the consummation of the
morning prayer-time
carrot
morel (edible fungus)
mulled wine
mosque
mosquito
mote (of dust, etc.), speck, smallest particle
motley
motto
hilltop fort, castle, camp, or town
anthill
ant
monsoon
grimace
to drudge in wet and mire, or labour under intolerable conditions
a ‘measure’ in music
means, agency, way, method
peat-moss, sphagnum
439
moƨi
moþþə
muddə
mudlən wk. I
muffə
mufl
muflən wk. I
mugg
muggi
muggwürt
mugl
mugling
mugət
mujə
muk
mukrən
mulato
mulluk
mulsc
mulscən wk. I
multűrə
mulət
mumblən wk. I
mummiən wk. II
mund
mundborə
mundbrücə
mundbërʒ
mundbürd
mundbürdnes
mundbürdən wk. I
mundiən wk. II
mundiənd
mundkräft
mundlowʒ
mundróv
mundwist
mundán
munn
munni, munnsum
munt
muntklűƨing
muntland
muntälvən
munuk
munukbarn
munukbəhåt
munukháp
munukhåd
sphagnous
moth
mud
to muddle
muff
muffler (garment)
to muffle
mug
muggy
mugwort
mullet (hairstyle)
man with a mullet
lily of the valley
musk plant
muck
to muck about
mulatto
waste, decayed or decomposed remains
mulch
to mulch
multure
mullet (fish)
to mumble
to speak without opening the mouth, say “mm-hmm”
guardianship, tutelage; protection
guardian
breach of the laws of guardianship or protection
protecting mountain
patronage
patronization
to patronize
to act as guardian of, watch over, protect
guardian, protector
skill or power as a guardian
kitchen or bathroom sink
graciously protective
guardianship; protection
mundane (in the sense ‘everyday’)
talkativeness
talkative
(mountain) peak
mountain-penitentiary
mountain-country
mountain nymph
monk
child intended for monastic life
monastic vow
company of monks
monastic orders
440
munukiən wk. II
to make a monk of
munukknapə
young monk
munuklik
monastic
munuklív
monastic life
munukrëʒl
monastic rule
munukstów
place of monks
munukwíƨə
fashion of a monk, way of a monk
munukyärlə, munukscrúd
monk’s garb
munukþáw
monkly conduct
munən
future auxiliary (= “will”, “shall”, and used to form the hypothetical,
“would”) from Scandinavian or perhaps a development of OE (ge)munan from “bear in mind, remember” to
“intend” then “will, shall”; past mundə (“would” indicating the future seen from the past), hypothetical mündə
(“would”)
to repine, fret, complain
murkiən wk. II
murkərə
complainer
murn
worry
murning
worrying
murnən str. III
to worry, be worried, be anxious or fearful
murnəndə adj.
worried
murrə
myrrh
pleasant, agreeable, likable, enjoyable
murʒ
muscron
mushroom
muscən wk. I
to make a slur?
musk
musk
muskat
muscat wine
muskathnut
nutmeg
muskhërət
musk deer
muskoxə
musk ox
muskələ
mussel
muskət
musket
muslim
muslim
must
must, new wine, unfermented grape juice (to become wine)
mustr
muster
mustrən wk. I
to muster
muton
mutton
mutrən wk. I
to mutter
muyst adj.
musty, fusty
muʒli
moldy
muʒlə
mold (fungus)
muƨl
animal’s mouth, especially a dog’s or horse’s (one that projects), muzzle (=
snout, projection of an animal’s head that includes the mouth)
mál
(legal) case
málbox
post office box
málbəwaldənd
postmaster general
máldédəƨ
legal proceedings
málfétəlƨ
mailbox, letterbox
málkartə
postcard
mállistə
mailing list
málmann, málbërənd
mailman, letter-carrier
441
málmerkə
máloffizə
málstiħtərə
máltax
máltikət
máltikətyəleƨərə
máltikətyəlëƨing
máltåkn
málþeynung
málə
málə2
mán adj., n.
mánbalu
mánbrünə
mándrünc
mándärv
mándéd
mándédə
mánfremməndə adj.
mánfrá
mánful
mánfulnes
mánfáħþ
mángenjə
mángült
mángülti
mánhúƨ
mánlik
mánnes
mánscaðə
mánskatt
mánswar
mánswarə
mánsweriən str. VI
mánswïkə
mánwamm
mánword
mánwréc adj.
mánwërk
mánwürħtə
mánåð
mánídl
másə
mát
mátə
mátən
Máy
mázə
máʒ
postmark
post office
postmaster
postage, postage rate
postage stamp
stamp collector, philatelist
stamp collecting, philately
postal code, zip code
postal service
the mail, post
(legal) contract
(adj.) wicked, destructive (n.) wickedness
destruction or destructiveness by wickedness
fatal, destructive fire
poisonous drink
destructively presumptuous
wicked deed, evil deed
evil-doer; adj. evil-doing
sinning, vicious
lord of evil, Devil
wicked, evil, infamous, degraded, cruel
wickedness, depravity, cruelty
wicked vendetta
wicked traveller
guilt for wicked or destructive deeds
guilty of wickedness
house of wickedness
nefarious
wickedness, destructiveness
scoundrel
exorbitant tax
= mánåð, perjury
perjurer
to forswear, perjure oneself
deceiver, traitor
guilty stain
evil word
evilly vengeful
destructive deeds, destruction, destructiveness
evildoer
perjury
idle and destructive (words)
cue (in billiards)
checkmate
mess-, room-, hall-, housemate
to checkmate
May
mace (spice)
an in-law
442
máʒəƨ pl.
máħindrivən
máħinisc
máħinmakiən wk. II
máħinsaru
máħinserwing
máħinstotə
máħinyətaw
máħinə
må adv.
mål
måliən wk. II
måləd
mån
måni
måniən wk. II
måriən wk. II
mårlik adj.
mårliknes
mårnes
mårtäl
mårə adj.
måsk
måskwürt
måst adj.
måstlikəst adv.
måstə
måwən str. VII
måðm
måðmcest
måðmfät
måðmhirdə
måðmhord
måðmhúƨ
måðmkovə
måðmselə
måðmswërd
måðmsílə
måðmwëlə
måðmyëv
måðmyëvə
måðmyəstald
måðmyəstrı̋ n
måðma̋ ħt
måʒə
måƨə
mäccə
mäccən wk .I
mäcg
in-laws
machine-driven, mechanized
mechanical
to mechanize
mechanism
mechanical engineering
mechanical breakdown
machinery
machine
more, to a larger extent; conj. plus
mark, spot
to mark, stain
marked, with marks on it
complaint
apt to complain, complaining, whining
to complain
to become more, increase, multiply
plural
plurality (being more than one)
majority
plural (gramm.)
more; greater (good, etc.)
mash (for animals)
mash-wort (malt soaked in boiling water)
most
particulary, especially
mostly
to mow (cut grain or grass in swaths)
valuable (object), precious possession, a treasure
chest of valuables
precious vessel
keeper of valuables
hoard of valuables
storehouse of valuables
stash of valuables
hall of valuables
costly sword
costly necklace or collar (siylə)
wealth of valuables
gift of precious items
giver of precious items
valuable property
accumulation of valuables
valuable possession
sister-in-law
tit-mouse, coal-mouse
mate (person most well matched to another)
to match, be an equal to
male virgin
443
mäcgə
beau, gallant, courter, (mature) boyfriend
mädd
deranged
mädrcíð
sprig of madder
mädrə
madder
mäk adj.
matching, equal, corresponding, equivalent
mäklik
just right, perfect, ideal (for some occasion, demand, etc.)
mältən wk. I
to melt (tr.)
märk
division, line of demarcation, boundary, limit, border (especially one marked
out)
märkdíc
boundary-ditch (that delimits)
märkford
boundary-ford (that delimits)
märkgra̋ və
boundary-grove
märkhlinc
boundary-ridge
märkhov
boundary inn
märkland
land with a boundary or border marked out
märkpost
boundary-post; landmark (in sense ‘boundary-object’)
märkpäð
boundary-path
border-walker
märkstapə
märkstedə
border area
märkward
boundary-watchman
märkwey
border-road
boundary-spring
märkwällə
märkyəmót
court for settling boundaries of properties
märkíƨərn
branding-iron
märkþrát
border force
märring
hampering, impeding, obstruction
obstacle
märrə
märrəlƨə
cause of offense
märrən wk. I
to hamper, impede (e.g. progress, operations), get in the way of (someone
walking, driving, etc.), upset (plans), bother (person)
hampering, impeding, obstructive
märrəndə adj.
märð
mischief, trouble, evil interference
märðmakərə
troublemaker
märʒ
marrow
sausage-meat
märʒhaccəl
märʒi
marrowy
märʒiən wk. II
to be rich, marrowy (märʒədə marrowy)
märʒkovə
bone
märʒlik
of the marrow
märʒyəhäcc
sausage-meat
märə
mare
mäslbarʒ
fattened hog
mäsling
brass
mäslingorgan
brass, wind instrument
mäslingsmið
brass-worker
mäst
1. mast (ship’s pole); 2. mast (pig food)
mästi
over-fed, glutted with mast
mästland
land yielding mast
mästló
pulley at the top of a mast
444
mästråp
mast-rope
̋
mästtre
tree yielding mast
mästtwist
rope supporting a mast
pasture for swine, mast-pasture
mästən
mästənrédən
right of feeding swine in mast-pastures
mät
a dish, entrée, food prepared in a certain way, kind of food (served)
mätcoyƨ
menu
mäydən
virgin; Virgo
mäydənbläd
maidenhead, hymen
mäydəncild
female infant, girl
mäydənhåd
virginity
mäydənlik
virginal
̋
mäydənaw
marriage with a virgin
mäyn
potence, potency (incl. sexual, as well as of chemicals, drugs, detergents,
etc.); Math. power; (in older or literary language and some compounds) might, strength, power, force, vigour,
valour
mäynpref. major; main
mäynbürðən
huge burden
mäyndéd
major deed
mäynellən
major competitiveness?
mäynfolk
main folk
major support or assistance
mäynfultəm
mäynfäst
having great might or power
mäynhard
very strong
mäynháp
mighty mass of people
mäyni
potent
mäyniən wk. II
to gain potency
mäynkorðr
major parade
mäynkräft
major skill
mäynküng
major king
mäynland
continent (of land)
mäynlást
impotence
mäynláƨ
impotent
mäynréƨ
major onslaught
mäynróv
formidable
mäynscepə
#(OE = might, power)
mäynsibb
primary kin
mäynspőd
major success
mäynstrang
of great strength
mäynstrengə
great might
mäynstån
huge stone
mäynwud
strong wooden spear
mäynwundr
striking wonder
mäynwërk
major work
mäynwíƨə
lieutenant general
mäynákə
major increase
mäynákən
majorly increased
mäynärvəð
major difficulty
mäynþeyn
major minister
445
mäynþiƨə
mäynþrát
mäynþrümm
mäyr adj.
mäyriən wk. II
mäystr
mäystresə
mäystryə
mäyð
mäyðhåd
mäðl
mäðlfrið
mäðli
mäðling
mäðlkräft
mäðlkwidə
mäðlstedə
mäðlword
mäðlən wk. I
audience)
mäðlərn
mäðlərə
ma̋ adv.
ma̋ gr
ma̋ l
ma̋ lbord
ma̋ ling
ma̋ lswér
ma̋ lə
ma̋ lən wk. I
ma̋lənd
ma̋ ning
ma̋ nsum
ma̋ nsumiən wk. II
ma̋ nsumnes
ma̋ nsumung
ma̋ nə adj.
ma̋ nən wk. I
says)
ma̋ rstud
ma̋ rəlƨ
ma̋ rən wk. I
ma̋ sc
ma̋ scən wk. I
ma̋ ting
ma̋ tən wk. I
(impersonal verb)
ma̋ w
ma̋ wət
#(OE = violence, force)
formidable force of men or people
immense number, immense horde
lean (adj.)
to become lean
master (of a field of study, of ceremonies, of a trade or craft, etc.)
female mäystr
mastery
young unmarried woman; miss; pref. Miss
state of being unmarried (of women), maidenhood
public assembly
security enjoyed by public assemblies
formal, elevated (of speech or language)
talk, speech, address (before an audience)
elocution
public speech
site of assembly
(word or phrase of) address (to an audience)
to give a speech or talk, speak formally (before an audience), address (an
council-house, praetorium
speaker
largely
meager
talk, conversation
dashboard, instrument panel
talking
taciturn
meter (measuring-device); (measuring) instrument
to talk, converse
interlocutor
intention, what one means to say; meaning, significance
participatory, involved, associated
to take part in, participate in
fellowship, common undertaking
participation; association
dishonest, crooked, sinister, traitorous
to mean, mean to say, intend, intend to say, have in mind; to mean (what one
bitt, bollard
cable, mooring-rope
to moor
mash (crushed food)
to mash
vision, dream, revelation
to occur or appear (to someone dat.) in a vision, dream, or revelation
gull
mowing, cutting of grass/stalks
446
mé (unstressed me, mə)
(to) me (dat. sg. of ic); (to) myself (reflex.)
mécfisc
some fish (OE = mullet, see hardərə)
mécə
bladed weapon (sword, knife, sabre, dagger etc.)
méd
bribe
médiən wk. II
to bribe
médscätt
payment, fee, reward, bribe, gift
médu
meadow
méduland
meadow-land
̋
mowing of a meadow
médumawət
méduplott
plot of meadow-land
médurédən
tract of mown grass
médwürħtə
one who works for bribes
médyeldə
bribe-payer
mél
measure, point, mark (e.g. ten-meter mark, halfway point); point in time
(elapsed, e.g. at this point, up to that point)
mél2
meal (eating-time)
méldropə
a drop of mucus at the nose; a drop or foam from a horse’s mouth
méldäy
appointed day
méltangə
pair of compasses (pop. ‘compass’)
méltíd
time for a meal
mealtime, meal
méltímə
mélə
tub
mérfirə
celebrity (person); movie star
mérhlı̋ƨə
notoriety
mériən wk. II
to be famous
mérlik
renowned; distinguished, eminent, illustrious, great
mérmann
celebrity; (movie, TV) star
mérnes
renown; distinction, eminence, illustriousness, greatness
mérwer
(male) celebrity; (male) star
mérwív
(female) celebrity; (female) star
mérð
fame, celebrity
to celebrate (in all English senses)
mérƨiən wk. II
mérƨung
celebration; festival
mérƨungtímə
celebration-time
celebrator
mérƨərə
mérə adj.
famous
mérən wk. I
to honour or praise publicly, publicize the virtue, good deeds, exploits,
achievements, etc. of (someone), glorify publicly
mét
measure, degree, ranking, size
métr
metre, versification
métrkräft
art of versifying
métrkund
relating to metre
métrlik
metrical
métrvers
hexameter verse
métrwürħtə
metrician, poet
métryəwërk
verse
métə adj.
poor (in quality)
métə
terminus
méy
male relative, kinsman
447
méybanə, méymürðrə
méyburʒ
méybót
méycild
méyhand
méyha̋ md
méyknavə
méykwal, méymorðr
méykúð
méylaʒ
méylik
méyluvə
méyláƨ
méymorðr
méyrak
méyrédən
méyréƨ
méyscír
méysibb
méysibblik
méyslaʒə
méysläħt
méywinə
méywlitiən wk. II
méywlitlik
méywlitə
méyyeldən str. III
méyyəmót
méyyəwrit
méyð
méyðlik
méyðláƨ
méyðmürðrə
méyðrédən
méyðsibb
méð
méðful
méðiən wk. II
méðlik
méðláƨ
méðláƨnes
méðriən wk. II
méðung
etc.)
méðʒiən wk. II
méðə adj.
méðərə
méʒə
méƨhräyl
murderer of a relative
#(OE = family, tribe, race, people, nation; genealogy)
compensation paid to the relatives of a murdered man
infant kinsman
#(OE = natural heir, relative) natural heir?
incest
youthful kinsman
murder of a relative
related, kin
law as to relatives
belonging to a kinsman or relative
familial love
without relatives
murder of kin
account of kin, genealogy
relationship
attack on relatives
division of a people containing the kinsmen of a particular family
relationship by marriage
related by marriage
slayer of a relative
slaughter of a relative
friendly relative
to take after in appearance
resembling, of similar appearance
resemblance, affinity
to pay the fine for manslaughter by a kinsman
meeting of kinsmen
written genealogy, pedigree
kin, (extended) family, relations
unmarried (of women)
having no kin
murderer of kin
kinship
kindred
moderation; temperance
temperate (person, statement)
to moderate, temper; control, regulate, restrain (amount, degree, etc.)
moderate; temperate (climate)
unrestrained, voracious, prodigal, profligate
prodigality, profligacy, voraciousness, unrestraint
to give due attention, concern, regard, etc. (to a person)
moderation (as a process), regulation, control, restraint (of amount, degree,
to have mercy upon, spare
modest, reasonable
mower
female relative
napkin
448
méƨə
mëd
mëdburʒ
mëddrenk
mëddrink
mëddrám
mëdful
mëdgål
mëdhall
mëdhúƨ
mëdmiən wk. II
etc.)
mëdmlik
mëdmliknes
mëdmláƨ
mëdmnes
mëdmord
mëdmung
mëdmə adj.
mëdmə
mëdrédən
mëdscenk
mëdscerwən
mëdselə
mëdsetl
mëdstíʒ
mëdwang
mëdwőri
mëdwürt
mëlk
mëlkbú
mëlkdíənd
mëlkhwít
mëlkiən wk. II
mëlklíðə
mëlkmetə
mëlksäp
mëlksúkənd
mëlu
mëluhúƨ
mëluhűdərn
mëluyəskot
mëting
mëtingråp
mëtingtól
mëtəd
mëtədlik
mëtədscäft
mëtədwang
what is placed on a table, meal, service of a meal (with table-settings, etc.)
mead
mead-city, rejoicing city
mead-drink
mead-drinking
music and singing accompanied by mead
mead-cup
mead-excited, drunk
mead-building (of the type of a hall, q.v.)
mead-house, banqueting-house
to assign, allot, mete out, distribute or give appropriately (according to worth,
mediocre, middling, ordinary
mediocrity
helpless
averageness, ordinariness
average, mean (n.)
assignment, allotment (according to worth)
medium, average (in size, quality, quantity, intensity, etc.)
medium, means, way, device
state of intoxication caused by mead
mead-cocktail
deprival of mead, of mead-joy
mead-hall
mead-seat
path to the mead-hall
field where the mead-hall stood
overpowered with mead, drunk
meadwort, meadow-sweet
milk
dairy(-farm)
suckling
milk-white
to give milk
soft or mild as milk
dairy product
latex
suckling
meal (ground grain)
meal-house
meal storehouse
payment (to a lord) in meal
measurement
measuring-rope
instrument (that measures)
destiny, fate (as a power), predestination
(pre)destined, inevitable
doom
battlefield (destiny-field)
449
Mëtədən
one of the Fates
mëtən str. V
to measure; ðan anrím (äthwäƨ) mëtən to quantify (something)
mëtənd
measurer
me̋
cast (to heal fractures)
me̋ ning
leotard, legging
me̋ ƨ
moss
me̋ ƨde̋ r
polyzoan, bryozoan
mídl
muzzle (restraint for a dog or other animal)
mídlhring
ring of a muzzle?
mídliən wk. II
to muzzle
míka
mica
míl
mile
mílpäð
distance reckoned by miles?
mile-measure, milestone
mílyəmet
mílyəmärk
line marking a mile
mímleyk
charades
mime
mímə
mímən wk. I
to mime
mín
my, mine; gen. sg. of ic: of me
mínə
mine (for minerals)
to mine
mínən wk. I
mínərə
miner
míting
mite, trifle
mítr
mitre
mítyukðə
scabies
mite
mítə
míáw
meow
míáwən wk. I
to meow
míðən str. I
to escape notice, remain concealed, be or remain hidden; to shy away from,
shun, avoid (with wið); to escape the notice of (with from)
urination
míʒing
míʒingstall
urinal
míʒən str. I
to urinate
míƨfirma
investment company
investment fund
míƨfond
míƨpolizíə
investment policy
míƨə
investment (of money)
míƨən wk. I
to invest (money); to devote (time, effort)
míƨənd
investor
mïrd
prize
mïx
dirt
mïxbärwə
wheelbarrow (for carrying dirt)
mïxforkə
fork for turning over dirt
mïxi
dirty
mïxscovl
dirt-shovel
mïxwilyə
dirt-basket
mïʒl
diuretic
mïƨə
worthless matter; lies, false words
mı̋ k adj.
meek
450
mód
heart (non-physical, as seat of emotions and feelings; also as synonym of
courage (take heart, lose heart)); feelings; pride, self-esteem
módbiƨʒung
worry, care, anxiety, distress
módblind adj.
undiscerning
módcäri adj.
closed off emotionally, emotionally unavailable
módful adj.
full of feeling, emotional
módgláw adj.
sensible, sensitive, understanding
módgläd adj.
joyous
módhetə
passionate hatred
módhord
secret feelings or thoughts
módhwät
saucy, racy
módi adj.
courageous; stouthearted
módkar
emotional concern
módkräft
intuition
módkräfti adj.
intuitive
módlik adj.
emotional, pertaining to the feelings
módlund
temperament
módluvə
heartfelt affection
módlást
stolidity, impassiveness
módláƨ adj.
stolid, impassive
dear to one’s heart
módle̋ v
módmünd
emotional memory
módr (pl., dat. sg. mődr)
mother
módrbarn
a child of one’s own mother
módrhalvə
mother’s side
módrhriv
womb
módrhåd
motherhood
módrkwal
matricide (act)
módrkünn
maternal descent
módrlik
motherly, like a mother
love of one’s mother; or: maternal love?
módrluvə
módrláƨ
motherless
módrscepə
maternity
módrslaʒə
matricide (person)
módróv
great of heart, magnanimous
módstüring
emotion
módstüringful
emotional, full of emotion
módstürlik
emotional, pertaining to the emotions
módyómr adj.
dejected
módyəhüyd
instinctive thinking or judgment
módyən wk. I
to react at the heart, react emotionally
módyəþank
feelings, emotions, thoughts (esp. when kept to oneself)
módyəþóħt
process of feeling, having feelings or thoughts; (emotional) contemplation
módyəþüldi
emotionally patient, reserved
módärvəð
grief
módəryə
maternal aunt
mómə
maternal aunt
Móndäy
Monday
mónkrúnə
corona (of the moon)
451
mónlik
mónle̋ ħt
Mónnäħt
mónskúwə
mónse̋ k
mónse̋ knes
mónse̋ kə
Mónévən
mónə
mónəð
mónəðblód
mónəðbót
mónəðfüllən
mónəðlik
mónəðådl
mónəðådli
mópən wk. I
mór
mórberyə (or múrberyə)
mórbám (or múrbám)
mórfle̋ʒə
mórfästən
mórhald
mórhenn
mórhop
mórha̋ ð
móri
mórland
mórléƨu
mórscaðə
mórsecg
mórsläd
mórstapə
mórsïħtrə
mórwürt
mórál
mórálisc adj.
mórálnes
mórálíƨən wk. I
mót
mótbërʒ
mótiv
mótiən wk. II
mótor
mótorbåt
mótorzükl
mótíf
mótən
suggestions, options)
lunar
moonlight
Sunday evening (late), Monday morning (early)
lunar eclipse
moonsick, lunatic
lunacy
a lunatic
Sunday evening
moon; satellite (of a planet)
month
menstruum
penance for a month
time of full moon
monthly
morbus menstrualis
menstruous
to brood (over)
moor (boggy, peaty, or swampy wasteland)
mulberry (fruit)
mulberry-tree
cariscus, a kind of fly
moor-fastness
tending toward moor
water-hen
dry land in a moor
mountain-heath
boggy, peaty, swampy
moor-land, mountain waste
marshy pasture
moor-robber
moor-sedge
swampy forest-opening
traverser of moors
natural drain of a moor or swamp
moor-wort
moral; pl. morals, ethics
moral, ethical
morality, ethicality
to moralize
encounter, meeting
mountain of meeting
motive
to meet with, converse with, consult; (intr.) deliberate, discuss, converse
motor
motorboat
motorcycle
motif
to be allowed to, may; past móstə, hypothetical méstə (“could” in
452
mótərə
deliberator
móƨ
pap, baby-food; äpplmóƨ stewed apple jam
möryən
morrow
möy
sissy
mőbl
adj. movable; n. pl. movable goods, furniture and appliances
mődrən adj.
maternal, of a mother
mődrən
the mother’s side (by descent)
mődrənkünn
mother’s kindred
mődrənméy
maternal kinsman
mődrənméyð
maternal kindred
mődrənyəkünd
mother’s nature
mőting
encounter, meeting; finding, discovery
mőtnes
finding, discovery
mőtən wk. I
to encounter; meet; find
mővən wk. I
to move (emotionally)
weary, fed up
mőði adj.
mőðiən wk. II
to grow tired or weary
mőðnes
fatigue, tiredness, weariness
mőðʒiən wk. II
to tire out, exhaust
mőðə adj.
tired, weary
to eat, consume, enjoy (food) (often used to indicate that excessive pleasure or
mőƨən wk. I
greed is associated with the consumption)
múcən wk. I
to munch
múl
mule
múlə
muzzle, mouth of an animal (esp. projecting, as of a dog, horse, etc.); (esp.
big) mouth (of a person); fig. talkativeness, impudence, tendency to spill secrets or spread gossip
young or small mule
múlət
múmyə
a mummy
múniment
muniment
múr
wall of a town, outdoor wall, wall of a yard
múral
mural (wall-painting or -picture)
múrblóm
wallflower
múrskribləs
graffiti
músa
muse, Muse
múséum
museum
mútiən wk. II
to moult; to metamorphose
mútung
moulting; metamorphosis
múð
mouth
múðbanə
devourer
múðbresting
eruption of the mouth
múðfrí
free to speak
múðfüllə
mouthful
múðhróv
palate
múðha̋ l
wholesome speech
múðkoðə
contagion spread by oral contact
múðlik
oral
múðliyr
oral sex
múðláƨ
mouthless
múðorgl
harmonica, mouth organ
453
múðpézə
múðsalv
múðstüccə
múðsår
múðådl
múðə
múðətən wk. I
múʒə
múƨ
múƨayk
múƨaykisc adj.
múƨfallə
múƨfalu
múƨhavuk
múƨiən wk. II
múƨpïƨə
múƨtrappə
mücg
mücgnett
müdd
müldrən wk. I
müliən wk. II
müll
mülmə
müln
mülndík
mülnfeld
mülngavl
mülnhwe̋ l
mülnpól
mülnscarp
mülnstall, mülnstedə
mülnstrám
mülnstån
mülnstíʒ
mülntroʒ
mülnwar
mülnward
mülnwey
mülnwór
mülnyär
mülnərə
müncən
münd
mündful
mündi
mündlik adj.
mündliknes
mündlást
mouthpiece (of an instrument)
mouth-salve
mouthpiece (of a pipe, tube)
pain in the mouth
mouth-disease
mouth of a river
to blab out, let out
a heap or accumulation of grain, hay, beans, peas, etc. in a barn
mouse (pl műƨ)
mosaic
mosaic
mousetrap
mouse-coloured
mouse-hawk
to catch mice (of cats chiefly)
mouse-pea
mousetrap
midge; (in N. America) blackfly
midge-net, mosquito-net
bushel
to turn to dust by natural decay
to pulverize
smithereens, very small fragments or particles
retreat (military)
mill
mill-dike
mill-field
mill-rent
mill-wheel
mill-pool
sharpened on a grindstone
mill-site, mill-facility
mill-stream
grindstone, millstone
path to a mill
mill-trough, mill-conduit
mill-weir
tenant of a (manorial) mill
road to a mill
mill-weir, mill-dam
mill-yair
miller
female monk, nun
(faculty of) memory, body of memories
having a good memory (of)
recollecting, remembering
of the memory, pertaining to the memory
#
absent-mindedness
454
mündláƨ
mündwant
mündwirðə
müniən wk. II
münlik
münlə
münnən wk. I
münnəndə adj.
münstr
münstrbók
münstrfädər
münstrfa̋ mnə
münstrgang
münstrhatə
münstrhåm
münstrkla̋ nƨung
münstrklúƨə
münstrland
münstrlik
münstrlív
münstrmann (pl. -menn)
münstrmunuk
münstrpravəst
münstrpre̋ st
münstrscír
münstrstedə
münstrstów
münstrtimbring
münstrwíƨə
münstryät
münstrþeynung
münstrþáw
müntən wk. I
münu
münʒiən wk. II
münʒiənd
münʒiəndlik
münʒung
münə
münət
münətcépə
münətiən wk. II
münətsläy
münətsmiþþə
münətíƨərn
münətərə
mürile̋ ð
mürital
müriwa̋ vr
absent-minded
amnesia
worth remembering or mentioning
to reminisce
memorable
nostalgia
to intend, purpose
purposeful
monastery
monastic book
abbot
#(OE = nun)
act of joining a monastery or order of monks
persecutor of monasteries
monastery
purification of a monastery
monastic enclosure, cell, stall
land owned by a monastery
monastic
monastic life
member of a monastery, monk
monk who lives in a monastery (i.e. not an anchorite)
provost of a monastery
priest of a monastery
charge of a monastery
site of a monastery, monastic buildings
place of a monastery (? - OE = place of a minster, town)
building of a monastery
monastic custom or way
monastery entrance
monastic service
monastic custom
to resolve, be determined (to)
minnow
to remind (of), be reminiscent (of)
one who reminds; adj. reminiscent
hortatory
reminiscence (of), that which recalls something else
a memory, remembrance
coin
money-changer
to coin
minting, coinage
mint (coin-making facility)
die for stamping coin (or: coinage?)
minter, coiner
funny poem, limerick
comic story, comedy (book)
comedy, comic theatre
455
müriwa̋ vrleykərə
müriwa̋ vrlik
müriwa̋ vrmann
müriwa̋ vrwív
mürk adj.
mürkən wk. I
mürtən adj.
mürtən
carrion
müryə adj.
müryən wk. I
müryən
mürðring
mürðrə
mürðrən wk. I
mürʒð
müsc
műcən wk. I
műcərə
műdərkə
műr
műrə
műs
műtə
műzilájə
műƨən wk. I
műþ
műþisc
műþróv
műə
nabb
nabbən wk. I
nadír
nafþa
naggə
naggən wk. I
nakiən wk. II
nakə
nakəd
nakədə
nalləƨ adv.
nambred
nambók
namcéying
namgift
namiən wk. II
namkúð
namkúðlik
namlik
comic/comedic actor or actress
comedic, comic (play, movie, etc.)
comic actor
comic actress
murky (idea of things lurking in the dark)
to make murky, obscure, blur, muddy
dead (of animals which have not been killed)
flesh of an animal, or an animal, which has died of itself (has not been killed),
funny, amusing
to cause to laugh, amuse, delight
comedy, humour
murder
murderer
to murder
mirth
fruitfly
to take more than one’s fair share
one who takes more than his fair share
safety storage box; or: money-safe(?)
peat
termite
loophole, means of escape, way out of difficulty
pack of hounds or wolves
mucilage
to muse, be pensive
myth
mythic(al)
mythology
mew
projecting point of a hill
to not have, lack, be without
a point in the heavens diametrically opposite another, esp. the sun
naphtha
“nag” in sense “old, worn-out horse”
to nag
to lay bare, strip (of clothes)
vessel (= ship, boat, canoe, kayak, catamaran, etc.)
naked, nude
nakedness, nudity
not at all, in no way
register of names on a tablet
register of names
calling by name
giving of a name, naming (of someone or something)
to nominate, appoint
well-known, celebrated (having a well-known name)
by name, individually
nominal
456
namlikə
namláƨ
namláƨnes
nammerkəlƨ
namméləm
namniən wk. II
namspalə
namwërð
namə
napkin
nappə
napə
nard
naru adj.
narubräyd
narufå adj.
narugråp
narukräft
narulik
narunes
narunád
narusaru
narusorʒ
naruwrenc
naruþank
naruþarv
narwiən wk. II
narwə adv.
narzissus
narð
natrium
natúrkürə
natúrlik
natúrléckräft
natúrmaħt
natúrmäyn
natúrplentəð
natúrwitkräft
natúrwőnə
natúryəhalding
natúryəhror
natúryəliƨə
natúrə
nav
navgár
navltáʒ
navlə
navət
nawpə
nominally; in name
nameless; anonymous
namelessness; anonymity
monogram
by name(s); namely
to call by name
metonymy
nominal value, face value
name
tablemat, placemat
tablecloth
chignon
spikenard
narrow
crafty trick
intensely hostile
close grasp
precise skill
close, strict; careful, exact
narrowness
urgent need
#(OE = dark cunning)
crushing grief
#(OE = evil trick)
constrictive thought
dire need
to narrow, become narrow
narrowly
narcissus
2nd sg. pres. indic. of noƨən: art not
sodium
natural selection
natural, pertaining to nature
naturopathy, natural medicine
power derived from nature
force of nature
natural resource
natural science
naturalism
nature conservation
natural disaster
natural science, natural history, study of nature
nature (flora, fauna, outdoors, weather, physical laws, etc.)
nave, hub (of a wheel)
auger
umbilical cord
navel
rape (Brassica napus)
internal splint (or strut, rod) to strengthen a bone
457
nayv
bondman
nayvən
bondwoman
nazi
Nazi
nazism
Nazism, National Socialism
naƨ
nose
naƨholk
nasal cavity, sinus
naƨþürl
nostril
naƨəl
nose-piece of a helmet
nebb
(esp. protuberant) nose; beak, bill; snout, muzzle; face (low or informal term),
esp. the nose, mouth, brow, and forehead (the protuberant parts of the face)
nebbiən wk. II
to retort
nebbkorn
pimple
nebbréc
nasal congestion
nebbsalv
antimony, face creme
nebbung
retort
nebbwlåtful
barefaced, shameless
nebbwlåtung
impudence
nebbwlïtə
face, countenance
nebl
nib (of a pen; any projecting but cut-off end)
neftə
catnip
negro
negro
a little, a small amount, a pinch (of an ingredient)
nekəd
nemning
naming
nemnlik
onomastic
nemnə adv., conj.
except; unless
to name; to mention (by name)
nemnən wk. I
nemnəndlik adj.
nominative
neon
neon
nepotism
nepotism
Neptúnus
Neptune
nering
salvation, preservation of life
neriən wk. I
to save, prevent from dying, preserve the life of
neriənd
saviour, preserver
neruð
plight, predicament, dilemma, difficulties, trouble, difficult situation
nervjuyntűrə
synapse
nervknottə
ganglion
nervlik
pertaining to the nerves, nervous
nervlécə
neurologist
nervsoħt
neurosis
nervådl
nervous disorder
nervə
nerve
nerwnes
narrowing (down)
nerwən wk. I
to narrow (down), make narrow, straiten
nerwət
narrow place, defile, narrow pass, narrow strait
nerədlik adj.
to be saved, to be prevented from dying
nesliən wk. II
to nestle, nest
ness
spit of land
nesshlið
declivity, slope (of a headland)
nest
nest
458
nestpoħħə
nestə
nestən wk. I
net adj.
netlə
nett
nettiən wk. II
nettlik adj.
nettmálstedə
nettmálə
nettråp
nettscildə
nettservərə
nettworħt adj.
nettwërk
nettwərə
nettyärn
nettéying
nettə
nevnə adv.
nevöw
newrism
newron
newroyəliƨə
newsáðə
newtr adj.
newtron
newtrál adj.
nexti
ney
neyt
neyting
neytingyəwald
neytən wk. I
neyƨ
neƨə
niblən wk. I
niflə
nift
niglən wk. I
nigromanzə
nigromanzərə
nik
nikiən wk. II
nikkə
nikkən wk. I
nikl
nikotín
nimðə prep., conj.
pouch for carrying provisions
provisions (for travel, work, school)
to better (someone), do better than
net (weight, etc.)
nettle
net; internet
to net
reticular
e-mail address
e-mail
rope for nets
firewall
(net) server
reticulated
network; reticulation; local area network
internet surfer, cybernaut, netizen
yarn for knitting nets
internet connection
net-cap
only, just, merely
grandson
aneurism
neuron
neurology
pit of the stomach
neuter
neutron
neutral
with an empty stomach, not having eaten anything
nay; boo
neat
refusal, denial, rejection, decline
veto
to refuse, deny (say “nay” or “no” to), reject, decline
ashamed
no (in answer to a negative question)
to nitpick
fib
niece
to niggle (to spend work or time unnecessarily on petty details)
necromancy
necromancer
not I (= no)
to say no (nik), deny (esp. deny or disown one’s statement)
check(mark), tick
to check (with a checkmark), tick
nickel (metal)
nicotine
prep. except, save, but, other than, besides; conj. unless
459
nippən wk. I
to nip
nirt
cut, wound, nick; mark, scar
niskət
orifice of the uterus of a whale
nislən wk. I
= nistən
nistən wk. I
to build a nest or nests
nitr
native sodium carbonate, natron
nitrojen
nitrogen
nið
precipice, steep side
most inferior, low(li)est
niðəməst adj.
niðər
adv. down, lower
niðərseparable prefix and adverb indicates decay, degeneration, decline, descent,
diminishment, reduction, inferiority
niðərblindiən wk. II
to blind
niðərbrëkən str. IV
to break down (into component parts)
niðərbuʒən adj.
bent down
decline, downfall
niðərdelə
niðərda̋ l
lower part
niðərecg
lower edge
niðərfallən str. VII
to deteriorate
niðərflór
lower story
descent
niðərgang
niðərgån
to go down
niðərhald adj.
inclined or bent downwards
niðərhaldən str. VII
to repress
niðərhlïniən wk. I
to lie down, recline, rest
to collapse (esp. fig.)
niðərhre̋ƨən str. II
niðərhrürə
collapse (esp. fig.)
niðəri
lowly
niðəriən wk. II
to depress, abase, bring low, oppress, condemn
niðərkalən str. VI
to grow colder
Netherlands
Niðərland
Niðərlandisc
Dutch
niðərlecgən wk. I
to lay down, deposit
niðərlik
inferior
to condescend
niðərmëdmiən wk. II
niðərmëdmnes
condescension
niðərnes
depth, abyss, bottom
niðərsce̋ tən
to shoot down
niðərscúvən str. II
to push down
niðərscüvə
downward push
niðərsettən wk. I
to lower in repute or estimation
niðərsiyə
fall, decline, decrease
niðərstelling
demotion
niðərstellən wk. I
to demote
niðərstiyə
going down
niðərstíʒən str. I
to descend
niðərtorviən wk. II
to pelt down
niðərung
humiliation, abasement, downthrow, condemnation
niðərwerd adj.
downward, directed downwards
460
niðərwerdəƨ adv.
niðərwirðing
niðərwirðən wk. I
niðərwërðiən wk. II
niðərwërðung
niðərwërðən str. III
niðərþrápiən wk. II
niðərə adj.
niðərədlik
niþþ
noddən wk. I
nokkə
nomad
nomadisc
nombr
nombrən wk. I
nompér
non
noppi
noppiən wk. II
noppə
Normandyə
Normann
normál
normə
Norrən adj.
Norsc
Norwey
norð adv., adj.
Norðamerika
Norðatlantikhrücg
norðdur
norðda̋ l
norðendə
norðfolk
norðhald
norðhalv
norðherə
norðhäldə
Norðhümbrland
Norðhümbrə
norðhürnə
norðland
norðlang
norðlanə
norðlik
norðlı̋ də
Norðmann
norðporcə
downwards
depreciation (e.g. of currency)
to disparage, depreciate (tr.)
to depreciate (intr.)
depreciation (in value e.g. of one’s possessions)
to deteriorate; sicken
to put down or silence by vehement or pertinacious assertion or insistence
inferior
deserving condemnation or abasement
pal
to nod
nock
nomad
nomadic
numeral, figure, cipher
to give a number to, assign a number to (as for identification)
umpire, referee
title of senior monks
with a nap, rough
to take the nap off
nap (on cloth)
Normandy
Norman
normal
norm
Nordic
Norwegian, Norse; Fürn Norsc Old Norse
Norway
north
North America
North Atlantic Ridge
north door
north quarter, northern part
north end
northern folk
inclined northwards
north side
army from the north
north slope
Northumbria
Northumbrians
north corner
northern land
extending northwards
north lane
northern; boreal
northern people
Scandinavian
north porch
461
norðrodr
norðrëħtəƨ
norðscipherə
norðscát
Norðsa̋
Norðwalkünn
Norðwaləƨ
norðwerd adj.
norðwerdəƨ adv.
norðwest
norðwestendə
norðwestyəma̋ rə
norðwestərnə
norðwestərə
norðwey
norðyəma̋ rə
norðást
norðástendə
norðásthürnə
norðástlang
norðástrodr
norðástərnə
norðástərə
norðövəƨ
norðþunr
norðþe̋ d
norðə
norðəməst
norðən adv.
norðənwestən
norðənwestənwind
norðənwind
norðənástən
norðərnə adj.
norðərə adj.
noslə
(= older nostel) (see OED)
nostrum
not
function, duty, office, profession
notiən wk. II
notiənd
notlást
notlástfróvr
notlávə
notláƨ
noträwmə
nottrügging
notwirðə
northern sky
direct northwards, due north
northern fleet; Hist. the Danish fleet
northern quarter
North Sea
North Welsh race
North Welsh people (Hist. not Cornish)
northward
northwards
northwest
northwest end
northwest boundary
northwestern (in characteristics)
northwestern (in location)
a way leading northwards
northern limit or border or boundary
northeast
northeast end
northeast corner
extending northeastwards
northeast sky
northeastern (in characteristics)
northeastern (in location)
eaves facing north
thunder from the north
northern nation; northern country, northern land (state, nation)
in the north
northernmost
from the north
from the northwest
northwest wind
north wind
from the northeast
of the north, northern (peoples, in characteristics); Nordic
northern, on the north side
a short piece of cord fastened to a net, often with hooks attached to it; a norsel
nostrum
employment, use (of a device, trick, etc.); employment, job, occupation,
to employ
employer
unemployment
unemployment benefits/compensation
work permit
unemployed
line of work, line of business
(un)employment insurance
worthy of employment
462
notyërn
enthusiastic about one’s job, industrious
notáryə
notary
novellə
short story
November
November
novəl adj.
novel; newfangled
novəlté
novelty
nowt
brute (person or animal)
nowtlik adj.
brutal, brutish
nowzün
destitution
noy
annoyance, hurt, displeasure
noyƨə
noise (in collective sense)
noyən wk. I
to annoy
noƨl
nozzle
noƨlən wk. I
to nuzzle
noƨən str. V, irreg.
to not be
to push or press with the nose
nudlən wk. I
nugg
nugget
nujən wk. I
to nudge
nuklews
nucleus of an atom
nukla̋ r
nuclear (atomic); nukla̋ r ovn nuclear reactor; nukla̋ r bombə atomic/nuclear
bomb; nukla̋ r bléstm nuclear explosion; nukla̋ r füsik nuclear physics; nukla̋ r enerjíə nuclear energy
numl
(of the mind, person) grasping much, intelligent, capable, quick at learning
nunnhírəd
nunnery
nunnlív
nun’s life
nunnmünstr
convent
nunnscrúd
nun’s dress
nunnə
nun
nunnən pret.-pres.
to begrudge someone dat. something gen.; to withhold something gen. from
someone dat.; to unwilling to, not be willing to, will not
nurnən wk. I
to propose; proffer; present for consideration or approval; propound
proponent
nurnənd
nurri
alumnus
nurscnes
nourishment (esp. fig.)
nurscən wk. I
to nourish (esp. in fig. senses)
nurz
nurse (for the sick, infirm)
nurzən wk. I
to nurse (the sick, weak)
nurð
bedlam
nutən pret.-pres.
to not know, be ignorant
nutəndə adj.
ignorant
nácə
a cut of beef around the rump bone (OF nache, buttock, Engl. aitchbone)
nád
need, emergency, distress
nádbiƨi
occupied by an emergency
nádbiƨʒə
toil, trouble (in an emergency)
nádgavl
compulsory tribute
nádhelp
emergency help
nádhåd
distress, hardship, affliction
nádhúƨ
house of emergency, needed accommodation
nádi adj.
in an emergency, in need
nádines
need, emergency
463
nádiən wk. II
to distress
nádkall
distress call, SOS, mayday
nádklamm
grip of distress, dire situation, plight
nádkovə
emergency room, panic room
nádlik
emergency (adj.), for or of an emergency
nádla̋ ri
spare tire
nádmeƨűrə
emergency measure
nádmikl
urgent
nádsibb
kinship in times of distress
nádung
stress, distress, difficulty
nádwán
last resort
nádwëʒ
ambulance
nádþarv
necessity
nám
(legal) taking, seizure, appropriation, confiscation
nápron
pinafore
nát
domesticated beast or large animal (esp. for draught, burden, or riding, such
as an ox, horse, ass, mule, or camel)
návé
navy, Navy
návélik
naval
názyon
nation (= þe̋ d, but þe̋ d is more often used to mean ‘country’)
náð
grace; kindness; benevolence, benignity
náðful adj.
gracious
nå interj.
no (opp. of ‘yes’)
nåhwanən
from nowhere
nåhwennə
in no case
no-whither, to nowhere
nåhwidər
nåhwár
nowhere
nåhwäðər
neither
nåmann
no one, nobody
nån adj.
not one, not a, no, none
nångodyəlávə
atheism
nångodyəlévənd
atheist
nåthwannə
at some time or other
nåthwennə
in some or other case
nåthwilk
one of them, one of those
nåthwár
somewhere or other, someplace
nåthwå
someone or other
nåthwät
something or other
nåthwäðər
one of the two
nåthwón
some amount, to some degree
nåwðər
nåwðər..né neither..nor
nåwïħt pron.
nothing
nåwə
nevermore
nåʒən pret.-pres.
to not possess, not have, not own
nåħt adj.
(null and) void, invalid; vain, futile
nåħtlik
worthless, useless, of no avail, good for nothing, incompetent
nåħtnes
nullity, invalidity; futility
nåħtscepə
worthlessness, uselessness, incompetence
nädrbïtə
ichneumon
464
nädrfåʒ
nädrkünn
nädrwində, nädrwürt
nädrə
näft
näfti
näsc
nässə
nästr
näyl
näylklippərə
näylsäx
näħt
näħtald
näħtbalu
näħtbutərfle̋ʒə
näħteyƨə
näħtfërmung
näħtgalə
näħtgenjə
näħtglóm
näħtgúnə
näħthelm
näħthrävn
näħthräyləƨ
näħthrók
näħthwíl
näħtiən wk. II
näħtlang
näħtlik adj.
näħtle̋ ð
näħtmetə
näħtnexti
näħtrest
näħtrím
näħtsang
näħtscadə
näħtscúwə
näħtslép
näħtwak
näħtwar
näħtward
näħtwäccə
näħtwërk
näħtyeld
näħtéyə
näħtərn adv.
näħtərnnes
näħtəƨ adv.
spotted like a snake
kind of poisonous snake
adder-wort
poisonous snake, viper, adder
lack, want, need, poverty
poor, wanting
fawn-skin
promontory, headland
flowerpot
nail (finger- or toe-only)
nail-clipper
knife for cutting the nails
night
that happened yesterday
destruction by night
beetle or moth which flies by night
nocturnal terror
night-entertainment (of guests)
nightingale
night-goer, goblin (or: hyaena?)
gloom of night
nightgown
canopy of night
night-jar
pyjamas, pajamas
night-raven, night-crow
space of a night
to be or become night, grow dark
lasting through the night
nocturnal, of the night, at night
nocturne (musical composition)
night meal (eaten when most people are sleeping)
having fasted for a night
night-rest, couch
number of nights
compline
night-shade (plant)
shades of night
night’s sleep
wake held at night
night defense
guardian at night
night-watch
work done at night
night worshipping-service
that can see at night
during a night; by night
night season
by night, during the night, nights
465
näƨ
= ne wäƨ
̋
̋
nam, naming
removal (of things off something, of stains, etc.)
na̋ ml
nimble-fingered, quick-fingered; adept
na̋ mən wk. I
to remove (things off something, stains, etc.)
na̋ ni adj.
no (= not any), none
na̋ tən wk. I
to tantalize
na̋ vrə adv.
never
né, unstressed ne, nə
not (doesn’t, don’t); né...né neither...nor
néd
compulsion, necessitation, obligation, necessity (as a motive); in composition
(only) often means ‘forced’, with the force of fərnedd
nédbåd
exaction, blackmail, (fig.) toll
nédbådərə
exactor
nédbəbod
compulsory injunction
nédbəhóv
a must, strict requirement
nédbəhővdlik
absolutely necessary
absolute necessity
nédbəhővdnes
nédbəhővnes
requisite
nédbəhővə
requisite (adj.)
nédbəþarv
necessary
néddédə
one who acts under compulsion
nédfar
compulsory journey, death
fugitive, exile (one who travels or wanders compulsorily)
nédfarə
nédful
compulsive
nédgenjə
wretched wanderer
nédgripə
coercive grip
nédgråp
forced grasp, forced comprehension
forced cohabitation; rape
nédha̋ md
nédha̋ mərə
one who forces another to cohabit
̋
nédhaməstrə
concubine
nédha̋ s
order which one must obey
nédhérnes
forced obedience, slavery
nédi adj.
forced, under compulsion; nédyə compulsorily, perforce
nédingə adv.
forcibly
nédklëvə
prison cell
nédkostung
tribulation, trial, adversity
nédkovə
prison cell
nédl
needle
nédlað
forced invitation
nédlending
forced landing
nédlendən wk. I
make a forced landing
nédlik
compulsory, obligatory; nédlikə compulsorily, perforce
nédling
captive, slave, one who lives under compulsion
nédliyr, þrecliyr
rape
nédmäyn
force
nédméy
blood relation
nédméʒə
female blood relation
nédnes
necessity
nédna̋ m
ravishing
̋
nédnamən
to ravish
466
nédnïmə
nédnïmən
nédnïməndə adj.
nédnümə
nédrowp
nédrëħt
nédsalə
nédscüld
nédstillsetting
nédwrék
nédwréklik
nédwédlə
nédwőnə
nédwürħtə
nédyeld
nédyeldə
nédyədål
nédyəstallə
nédyəwald
nédyəwunə
nédþarv
nédþarvlik
nédþravung
nédþëw
nédþëwiən wk. II
nédþëwət
nédþëwətling
nédən wk. I
fərnédən, by force)
nédəƨ
nélik
némakiən wk. II
nép
néphränn
népséd
nérə
nérə2, nérən
nétən
nétənkünn
nétənlik
néxt adj.
néxtə
nézə
nëm
nër
nërxnəwang
nërxnəwanglik
nëtə
nëvə
one who takes by force, abductor, kidnapper
to take by force, abduct, kidnap
taking by force, abducting, kidnapping
forcible seizure, abduction, kidnapping
forced auction, auction by order of the court
obligation, duty
forced sale, sale by order of the court
compulsory debt
forced internment
vendetta
violent like a vendetta
poor wretch
determinism
involuntary agent
forced payment, exaction, tribute
one who pays compulsorily, debtor
forced dissolution, death
comrade in need
tyranny
enforced custom
necessity
necessary
strict restraint
slave
to reduce to servitude, exact service from
bond-slavery, bondage
bond-slave
to necessitate; to compel (naturally, because of no choice, as opposed to
necessarily, needs, of necessity
negative
to negate
turnip
neap tide
turnip seed
the near, nearer (side, one)
= ne wérə, ne wérən
farm animal of any size
farm animals in general
domesticated for agricultural use
next; nearest, closest
nearest neighbour; next of kin; closest friend (-- all = ‘nearest one’)
granddaughter
1st sg. pres. indic. of noƨən: = ne ëm, am not
lifeline, that on which one’s life depends (and fig.)
Paradise
of Paradise
caul (of a foetus)
nephew
467
nëħħəbúr, nëħħəhúƨə
neighbour
nëħħəbúrhåd
neighbourhood
ne̋
adv. closely; close to (+ adj., adv.)
ne̋
from nearby, from close up
ne̋ bedd
corpse-bed, bed of death
ne̋ fuʒl
bird of prey
ne̋ lik
adj. nearby, neighbouring
ne̋ likə
adv. nearly
̋
nemiən wk. II
to sound sweetly
ne̋ rhúvə
adrenal gland
ne̋ rə
kidney
ne̋ síð
death (poetic)
̋
netən str. II
to have the use of, enjoy, make use of (w. gen.)
ne̋ wist
vicinity
ne̋ yən wk. II (3rd sg. pres. indic. hé ne̋ ð)
to approach, accost, speak to
near, close, nigh; adv. closely, close, near, nigh; prep. near, close to
ne̋ ʒ adj.
ne̋ ʒbúənd
neighbouring landworker
ne̋ ʒcircə
neighbouring church
ne̋ ʒcästr
neighbouring walled town
ne̋ ʒda̋ l
neighbourhood
neighbouring treeless hill
ne̋ ʒdún
ne̋ ʒfald adj.
intimate
ne̋ ʒfrı̋ nd
close friend
ne̋ ʒfädər
biological father
ne̋ ʒgangl
placed near
warring close at hand
ne̋ ʒherʒung
ne̋ ʒiən wk. II
to draw near (to), come near (to), go near (to), approach, to nigh
ne̋ ʒkumən str. IV
to come near
̋
neʒland
neighbouring land, neighbouring country
ne̋ ʒlicgəndə adj.
approximate
neighbouring, nearby
ne̋ ʒlik adj.
ne̋ ʒla̋ cən wk. I
to come or draw near, approach
ne̋ ʒmann
neighbour
ne̋ ʒmunt
neighbouring peak
near relation
ne̋ ʒméy
ne̋ ʒméyð
neighbouring kin
ne̋ ʒnes
nearness, proximity
ne̋ ʒpuynt
perihelion; (món-, planét-) perigee
ne̋ ʒsibb adj.
closely related by blood
ne̋ ʒsibb
next of kin
ne̋ ʒstów
place near, nearby place
̋
̋
neʒsendə adj.
nearsighted, shortsighted, myopic
ne̋ ʒtíd
approaching time
ne̋ ʒtún
neighbouring homestead or farmstead
ne̋ ʒwiən wk. II
to come close to, approach, border on, almost or just reach; háʒmél ne̋ ʒwiən
to culminate
ne̋ ʒwätr
neighbouring body of water
ne̋ ʒwërðən str. III
to approximate
ne̋ ʒá
neighbouring river
468
ne̋ ʒéy
ne̋ ʒþe̋ d
níc
bust, or vase)
nífl
nípən str. I
níting
nítən wk. I
níz adj.
nízəté, níznes
níð
níðful adj.
níðgramə
níðgrimm adj.
níðhard adj.
níðhell
níðhetə
níðhücgəndə adj.
níði
níðing
coward, scumbag
níðkwal
níðkwalm
níðlik adj.
níðlokə
níðmód
níðplëʒə
níðscaðə
níðscepə
níðselə
níðsünn
níðwrak
níðwundr
níðwërk
níðyest
níðən wk. I
nïkr
nïkrhúƨ
nïming
nïmən str. IV
nïvl adj.
nïwl
nïwllik
nïwlnes
nïðə adv.
nïðəlamnes
nïðəlamə
nïðən adv.
nïðənwerd adj.
neighbouring island
neighbouring nation; neighbouring country
niche (only in non-fig. sense, i.e. a recess or hollow in a wall for a statue,
triviality
to dim (the lights), grow dimmer
dissent
to dissent
vain, preoccupied with superficial appearances and looking good
vanity
spite, malice; low unmanly behaviour or thought
spiteful (person)
spiteful anger, malice
spitefully fierce, hostile
malicious
hateful hell
spiteful hatred
with spiteful designs
malicious, unkind
lowest form of human being, worthless despicable person, craven, vile
malicious killing
(painful) death by malice
spiteful (comment, deed)
evil stronghold
n. rancour; adj. rancorous
‘spiteful sport’, feud (between two people)
spiteful malefactor
spiteful behaviour
hall of malice
spiteful sin
spiteful retaliation
portent of malice
spiteful deeds
hostile alien, fell demon
to spite
water-sprite
water-sprite’s dwelling
act of taking
to take
hazy, obscure, dim, vague
prone, prostrate
at bottom, far below, low, lowly, abject, grovelling
prostration, proneness
below
paraplegia
paraplegic
from beneath
nether
469
nïðəwerd adj.
facing down
nïʒn
nine
nïʒnfald
ninefold
nïʒnneħtə
nine days old
nïʒnti
ninety
nïʒntiʒəðə
ninetieth
nïʒnténlik
containing the number nineteen
nïʒnténə
nineteen
̋
nïʒnteðə
nineteenth
nïʒnwintrə
nine years old
nïʒnyildə
entitled to ninefold compensation
nïʒəðə adj.
ninth
̋
nïʒəðə dal
a ninth (part)
nı̋ d
passion (in sense ‘strong love or affection; strong enthusiasm or fondness;
sexual drive or desire’); great enjoyment (e.g. of a hobby, pursuit, craft, artistic composition, writing, music,
playing musical instruments)
nı̋ dfrëkə
yearning
nı̋ dful adj.
passionate (in the sense of nı̋ d), desirous, sensual
nı̋ ding
relish, zest, gusto
nı̋ dlik adj.
gorgeous (person); very enjoyable, delightful (activity)
impassioned praise
nı̋ dlov
nı̋ dovət
passion fruit
nı̋ dsum adj.
avid
nı̋ dwërðung
#(OE = zealous honouring)
nı̋ də adv.
passionately
to enjoy, relish, derive pleasure from
nı̋ dən wk. I
nı̋ wpref. neonı̋ wborən
newborn
nı̋ wburð
newborn baby
nı̋ wbäkən
newly baked
̋
very fond of novelty or new things; unduly ready to take up new fashions or
nıwfangəl adj.
ideas; easily carried away by whatever is new
nı̋ wfarə
newcomer, stranger
nı̋ whålʒəd
newly consecrated
anew, afresh
nı̋ wingə adv.
nı̋ wiən wk. II
to be new
nı̋ wkumən
newly arrived
nı̋ wkumənə
newcomer, neophyte
nı̋ wlik adj.
recent
nı̋ wling
novice
nı̋ wlingə adv.
for the first time, freshly
̋
̋
nıwlard
newly initiated
nı̋ wmakiən wk. II
to innovate, come up with new ideas, make anew
nı̋ wmakung
innovation
nı̋ wnes
newness, novelty
nı̋ wstånájə
Neolithic; nı̋ wstånáj- neolithic
nı̋ wung
rudiment
nı̋ wunglik adj.
rudimentary
nı̋ wword
neologism
470
nı̋ wwordkräft
nı̋ wyəhwärvdə
nı̋ wyəsetnes
nı̋ wádi
nı̋ wə adj.
nı̋ wən adv.
nı̋ wərn adj.
nı̋ ƨing
nı̋ƨən wk. I
nı̋ƨənd
nóbl adj.
nón
nónbellə
nónhring
nónmetə
nónsang
nóntíd
nónyərërd
nót
nót adj.
nótbók
nótiən wk. II
nótskrift
nótwirðə
nótwrit
nótwrítərə
nótədlik
nótərə
nówənd
nóð
nóði
nóƨə
nöyt
nöytlik adj.
nöytə
nöytən wk. I
nöyƨant
nöyƨanzə
nöyƨən wk. I
nőðing
nőðən wk. I
‘boldness, daring’, also ‘risk’)
nú adv.
núcə
núdl
núgat
núhwíləm adv.
nún
núnə
neology
neophyte
New Testament
nouveau riche
new
lately, of late
tender, of a tender age
visit
to visit
visitor
noble (in fig. sense, = of high morals, etc.)
noon
noon-bell
ringing of the noon-bell
lunch
service at noon
noontime
refection at noon
note (non-musical)
noted
notebook
to note
minutes
noteworthy
proceedings (record)
one who makes notes
notable
transcriber, recorder
seafarer, voyager
impudence, insolence, immodesty, pertness, cheekiness
impudent, insolent, immodest, pert, cheeky
high promontory, ness
fit for use, good, needful
purposive, serviceable
use, end, purpose; te yəlimplicəm nöytəm ad hoc
to make use of, put to good use
of the nature of a nuisance
nuisance
to be a nuisance
wisecrack
to wisecrack (back-formation from nőðing, itself having an earlier meaning
now
clasp (buckle, brooch)
noodle
nougat
nowadays
noun (= céyword)
now, from this moment
471
núp
a steep-sided mountain
nútímlik adj.
modern
núz
bowknot
núəl
newel
nüllən anom.
not to want
nümə
(a) taking; innümə intake, upnümə uptake, annümə assumption, view,
fornümə presumption, útnümə exception
nüpl
elephant’s trunk
to exploit (resources), harness (energy sources)
nütiən wk. II
nütt adj.
useful, beneficial, helpful
nüttiən wk. II
to be useful, help out
nüttl
available
nüttlik
profitable
nüttliknes
profitability
nüttnes
usefulness, utility
nüttung
usefulness, ability to help out
nüttwirðə
good for
nüttwërð
utility, state of being good for something
nüttwërðlik adj.
utilitarian
nüttwërðlår
utilitarianism
nüttwërðlåru
utilitarian (person)
nüttåħt
commodity (in general sense), thing of use or advantage to mankind
nüttə
use (as in what use is this?; that has no use), benefit, value
nütung
exploitation (of resources), harnessing (of energy sources)
nütən adj.
unknown
the unknown
nütənnes
nűans
nuance
objekt
object
objektiv
objective (adj.)
oc
point (in a game, sport)
odd
odd (adj., in all English senses but “strange”); scalene (triangle)
oddtäl
odd number
oddə
odds
offerenda
psalm or anthem sung during the offertory
offizhúrən
office hours
offizə
office (place, organization), bureau
offizər
office-worker
offriən wk. II
to offer as sacrifice, offer to God or gods
offrung
offering (esp. to God or gods)
offrungdaʒəƨ
offering days
offrungdisc
offering-dish, paten
offrunghlåv
show-bread
offrunghúƨ
house of sacrifice
offrungklåð
offertory cloth
offrungsang
hymn while an offering is made
offrungscát
(triangular) offering-napkin
offrungspik
sacrificial bacon
oft
often
oftfőðrə adj.
requiring many journeys to carry
472
oftra̋ dlik
in constant supply, neverending
̋
oftradə adj.
often or always available
oftsíð
frequent occasion
oftþwál
frequent washing
ok
moreover; in addition
okkult
occult (adj. and n.; pertaining to magic, alchemy, astrology, divination,
prophecy, clairvoyance, etc.)
okra
okra
Október
October
oll
ingratitude
olm
rabid
olmådl
rabies
olvənd
camel (beast; see kamél)
olvəndmerə
she-camel
on, ən
prep. w. dat. in (geographical or 2-dimensional area: country, province,
region, territory, city, town, village, in the mountains, in the woods, in a field, on a court; or figurative, with
nouns of state, condition, emotion, like French en); (temporal) on, in (e.g. on Sunday, in April, in 1972, in
winter); w. acc. to, into (geographical area: country, province, region, territory, city, town, village; change,
evolution; into a state or condition); adv. on = running, in operation
onicə
onyx
opal
opal
opera
opera
opossum
opossum
opyum
opium
opən adj.
open; exposed
to open
opəniən wk. II
opənlik
public
opənnes
openness
opənung
act of opening
opənärƨ
medlar
opener
opənərə
orald adj.
very old, ancient
oranjə adj.
orange (of orange colour)
oranjə
orange (fruit and colour)
bloodless
orblődə adj.
orcel
archil
orcerd
orchard
orcerdward
orchard-warden
orcáp adj.
free of charge, gratis (adv. orcápungə)
orcáƨ adj.
inviolable, unimpugned/unimpugnable, unassailed/unassailable
orcáƨnes
immunity, unassailability
ord
point (sharp tip)
ordbanə
stabbing-killer
ordfrumə
fount, source, beginning; originator, author, creator, instigator
ordfrümm
primal, from the beginning
ordr
order (good arrangement, symmetry, opp. of chaos or mess, jumble)
ordwïʒə
warrior who uses spear-points
ordål
ordeal (in non-fig. sense)
ordålíƨərn
iron used in an ordeal
473
orda̋ lə adj.
orfirmð
orfirmə
orfreyƨ
orfërm
orfërmnes
organ
organdrám
organə
organən wk. I
organərə
orgasm
orgl
orhlétə adj.
origano
orjat
orji
ork
orkna̋ wə adj., adv.
orkost
orl
orleyfram
orleyhwíl, orleytíd
orleyníð
orleyscäft
orleystund
orleywërk
orleyyívrə
orleyə
orläy
orläyyəliƨə
orläħtr
orläħtrə adj.
ormétlik
ormétnes
ormétə adj.
ormód adj.
ormódnes
orn adj.
ornən wk. I
ornəst
orpiment
orpəd adj.
(basically = “no joke”)
orráð adj.
orrəst
orrətscepə
orrətən
orscätting adj.
not participating
refuse
refuse, garbage
gold embroidery (or: orfray?)
squalid
squalor
musical accompaniment
sound of a musical instrument
musical instrument
to sing to an instrumental accompaniment
player on an instrument
orgasm
organ (musical instrument)
without lot or share in, destitute of
oregano
a cooling drink made from barley
orgy
watering-can
incognito
penury
bib
keen to revolt
time of revolt or rebellion
resentment leading to revolt or rebellion
casualty of a revolt
moment of rebellion or revolt
rebellious battle
fond of rebellion
revolt, rebellion, mutiny, uprising
fate, destiny, doom
eschatology
lack of vice or defect
impeccable
tremendous
immensity; excess, excessiveness; extremity
huge, boundless, immense, excessive, extreme
despondent, dejected, depressed, somber
despondency
uncalled-for, gratuitous
to be ‘turned on’ sexually, feel the heat of sexual desire
trial by battle
orpiment
major, formidable, important, considerable, serious, clear, definite, doubtless
aimless; capricious; flighty
military mission
confusion, misunderstanding, perplexity, stupidity
to confuse (someone), stupefy, cause to seem stupid
gratuitous, gratis
474
orsorʒ adj.
orsorʒlik
orsorʒnes
orsåwl adj.
ortre̋ wnes
ortrı̋ wə adj.
ortrı̋ wən wk. I
ortrúwiən wk. II
ortrúwə, ortrúwung
ortűdrə adj.
ortəƨ
orv
orvkwäld/orvwól
orvkünn
orvyəbitt
orwardə adj.
orwey adj.
orweynes
orweystíʒ
orwirðlik
orwirðə adj.
orwirðə
orwirðən
orwíyə adj.
orwőnnes
orwőnə adj.
orwőnən wk. I
oryildə
oryol
oryétə adj.
oryəl
oräldə
orðiən wk. II
orðung
oréyə adj.
orʒl
orʒli or orʒlisc
orħéstra
orħéstrisc
orþank
orþankbend
orþankl
orþanklik adj.
orþankscepə
orþankəm adv.
orüx
orət
orətfeld
orətlov
unconcerned, without care or anxiety, untroubled
secure, safe (bet, investment, etc. -- looking to the future)
peace of mind, unconcernedness, untroubledness, bliss
lifeless
diffidence, loss of confidence (in)
despairing, doubting, disbelieving
to lose faith, despair (of), doubt, disbelieve, lose confidence (in)
to distrust; be suspicious of (a person)
distrust, mistrust; suspicion (of someone)
barren, unfertile
leavings of a meal
livestock
livestock- or cattle-plague, murrain
animals for livestock
grazing
unmonitored, unguarded
inaccessible
inaccessibility
out-of-the-way track
ignominious
despicable, contemptible
ignominy
to cause to lose one’s good reputation
not fighting, unwarlike, cowardly
desperation
desperate, despairing
to despair, be desperate
not having discharged a payment, delinquent (on payment)
oriole
unavailable
oriel, bay window
great age
to aspire (to)
aspiration
out of sight, not visible
conceit
conceited
orchestra
orchestral
brilliance, genius
cunning bond
brilliant, masterly, very clever
ingenious
mastermind
by ingenuity, by cleverness
oryx
challenge
field of contest (that one is challenged to)
praise for winning a challenge
475
orətlə
taunt(ing), bait(ing)
orətmäcgə
one who accepts a challenge; champion, hero, fighter
orətstów
place of contest
orətə
challenger; competitor, contestant
orətən
to challenge (invite)
orəð
heavy breathing
ossən wk. I
to bode
ostrhlåv
oyster-patty
ostrscell
oyster-shell
ostrə
oyster
otr
otter
otrhol
otter’s hole
ov, əv
prep. of (origin, nationality), (coming) from (geographical area: country,
province, region, territory, city, town, village; the land); belonging to (a person); out of (figurative, with nouns
of state, condition, emotion); made (out) of, derived from; because of, owing to, due to; from, by, of, for (all
indicating cause or reason); (temporal) from (a period of time, e.g. from Monday, from 1964); adv. off = not
running, out of operation; as prefix indicates a) descent, origin, birth, extraction, b) derivation (stressed form of
əv-)
overt
overt
ovfolʒəð
result
will, testament, bequest
ovkwidə
ovkümə
provenance, origin; descent, extraction (of a person from an ethnicity,
nobility, etc.)
ovláthlåv
bread used for the sacrament
ovlátə
sacramental wafer
figment, fabrication, fiction
ovlüyə
ovn
oven
ovnbakən
baked in an oven
ovnrakə
oven-rake
ovréd
expedient
ovrím
(of great/little/no) account; esteem, estimation; what one reckons of someone
or how one considers someone or something
ovtak
a surprise
ovwinn
gain(s), profit, winnings, benefit, reward (the result of hard work or striving)
profit and loss statement, statement of profits (and losses)
ovwinnkwidə
ovword
derivative (word)
ovwrit
transcript
ovwërk
manufacturing
ovyërn adj.
elated
ovər
prep. adv. pref.: over (w. dat. = position over, or covering, or in excess of; w.
acc. = across while above, passing over, or going in excess of)
ovərald
very old
ovəraldiən wk. II
to superannuate
ovəraldrmann
chief officer
ovərall
all over, everywhere
ovərbitr adj.
excessively bitter
ovərblívən str. I
to be left, be left over, be remaining, be left remaining
ovərblíðə adj.
overly merry, gay, or cheerful (such that one becomes neglectful, oblivious,
careless, etc.)
476
ovərblïkə
surface, covering
ovərbreydən str. III
to draw over
ovərbra̋ dəlƨ
covering, cover, bedspread, cerecloth
ovərbra̋ dən wk. I
to overspread, cover all over
ovərbrëkən str. IV
to violate
ovərbrücgiən wk. II
to span by or as by a bridge
ovərbrücə
violation
ovərbërən str. IV
to carry over; to transfer (figures, etc.)
ovərbe̋ dən str. II
to rule over
ovərbídən str. I
to outlast (someone), be able to wait or endure longer
̋
ovərbın anom.
to be over, command, be in charge of
ovərbürd
a carrying over; portage (of canoes, etc.)
ovərbəkumən str. IV
to supervene
ovərbəwërkən wk. I
to overwork
ovərbəwërðiən wk. II
to overvalue
a turning over
ovərcärr
ovərcärrən wk. I
to turn over
ovərcíding
reproachful scolding
ovərcídən wk. I
to scold reproachfully
ovərdrenkən wk. I
to give copiously to drink
over-drinking, excessive drinking
ovərdrink
ovərdrinkən str. III
to drink too much
ovərdrinkərə
drunkard
ovərdrunkən
having drunk too much
ovərdrunkənnes
state of having drunk too much
to drive too hard, drive or work to exhaustion, overwork
ovərdrívən str. I
ovərdrünk
excessive alcohol
ovərdéd
transaction
ovərdërvən str. III
to work too much, work too hard
ovərdón anom.
to overdo, do to excess
to overrule
ovərdőmən adj.
ovərdürə
lintel
ovərfallən str. VII
to fall over
ovərfar
trip over or across; traject
to travel over or across; pass over; traverse; come across, meet with, overtake;
ovərfarən str. VI
pass through, withstand, overcome (an extension of ‘traverse’)
ovərfeng
takeover
ovərfer
traject
ovərferiən wk. I
to transport or convey over or across, traject
ovərfernes
transportation across
ovərfirrə
excessive distance
ovərflit
confutation, refutation
ovərfle̋ tən str. I
to drift past
ovərfle̋ʒən str. II
to fly over
ovərflítən str. I
to defeat in argument, confute, refute
ovərflówən str. VII
to flow over, run over
ovərflówəndlik adj.
superfluous
ovərflówənnes, ovərflównes
superfluity
ovərflődə adj.
overflowing
477
ovərflődən wk. I
ovərflütt
ovərflüttən wk. I
ovərfolʒiən wk. II
ovərfroƨən adj.
ovərfull
ovərfundən
ovərfundənnes
ovərfärəld
ovərfätt
ovərfäðmən wk. I
ovərfëħt
problems, bad habits, etc.)
ovərfëħtən str. III
ovərfón str. VII
ovərfőrə
ovərfőrən wk. I
ovərfőðrə adj.
ovərfülking
ovərfüllə
ovərfüllən wk. I
ovərfülyən wk. I
ovərgang
ovərganglik adj.
ovərgapiən wk. II
ovərgenjə
ovərgevən str. IV
ovərgift
ovərglenjən wk. I
ovərglídən str. I
ovərglősən wk. I
ovərgråp
ovərgrédi
ovərgrówən str. VII
ovərgån anom.
upon, overtake
ovərga̋ ylik
ovərga̋ ynes
ovərga̋ yən wk. I
ovərga̋ yənd
ovərgúmiən wk. II
ovərgüld
ovərgüldən wk. I
ovərgütə
ovərhaklə
ovərhaldən str. VII
ovərhamə
ovərhangən adj.
ovərhebbən str. VI
to overflow
transfer (from one place to another), conveyance, conduction
to transfer (from one place to another)
to overtake
frozen over
too full
tried and tested, tried and true
trustworthiness (because of having been tried or tested)
transit or passage over or across
too fat
to enshroud, overshadow
defeat (of an enemy); overcoming, overpowering, conquering (anxiety,
to defeat, conquer, vanquish, overcome, overthrow, overpower, overwhelm
to take over, take control of
passable (road, way, path, etc.)
to march over
overloaded
overpopulation
excess, surfeit
to surfeit, glut
to be too loyal or faithful to
a going over or across, traverse, transition; passageway across a street
transitional
to be forgetful of, neglect
traverser
to hand over; to transfer (to someone)
transfer (to someone else); handing over
to overadorn
to glide over
to write glosses over
scope, coverage
excessively greedy
to overgrow (with vegetation)
to traverse, cross; transgress, overstep; overrun, overspread, conquer; come
excessive
exceeding
to exceed, surpass
surpassor
to fail to do, omit
overlaid with gold
to overlay or encase with gold
(medical) transfusion
outer cassock
to watch over, guard, hoard
(pair of) overalls
overhung
to lift higher than something else, uplift, exalt
478
ovərhelmiən wk. II
ovərherʒiən wk. II
ovərhladən str. VI
ovərhlápən str. VII
ovərhlápənd
ovərhlästən wk. I
ovərhlép
ovərhle̋ ðr
ovərhle̋ ðriən wk. II
ovərhlíviən wk. II
ovərhlívung
ovərhlúd adj.
ovərhlűtriən wk. II
ovərholt
ovərhoʒiən wk. II
ovərhoʒiənd
ovərhoʒə
ovərhreplik
ovərhrops
ovərhra̋ yən wk. I
ovərhrőrən wk. I
ovərhrővən wk. I
ovərhwarv
ovərhwälmən wk. I
ovərhwälvən wk. I
ovərhwärvən wk. I
ovərhwärvəndə adj.
ovərhwërvən str. III
ovərhád adv., adj.
ovərháʒ adj.
ovərhåt
ovərhäləð
ovərha̋ tən wk. I
ovərhérən wk. I
ovərhëling
ovərhëlən str. IV
ovərhërt
ovərhíʒð
ovərhı̋ wiən wk. II
ovərhón str. VII
ovərhücgən wk. I
ovərhülmən wk. I
ovərhüydi
ovərhüyə
ovərhüʒiən wk. II
ovərhűd
ovəring
ovərkald
ovərklimbən str. III
to overshadow, form a canopy over
to overrun, ravage
to overload, overcharge
to jump or leap over; surmount
over-leaper
to overload a ship, plane, train, etc.
a jump or leap over something
#(OE = failing to hear)
to surpass in loudness
to tower over, overtop, excel, exceed, surpass
sublimity, loftiness
excessively loud
to clarify, strain
phalanx of wooden shields
to look down upon (a person)
one who looks down on others
proud man
transitive
excessive eagerness
to be superior to
to overthrow
to roof over
overthrow, subversion
to overwhelm
to arch over
to overthrow, subvert
subversive
to overrun, infest
overhead
very tall, lofty
excessively hot
superhero
to overheat
to overhear
covering
to cover over, conceal
vehement feeling
overexertion
to transfigure
to overhang
to be condescending towards, think of haughtily or with contempt
to put on a front, an ostensible appearance
overbearing, (usu. falsely) superior, supercilious, snobbish
superior demeanour, superciliousness, snobbishness
to delude, turn the head of
epidermis
an act of exceeding
excessively cold
to climb over (with hands and feet)
479
ovərkliv
overhanging cliff
ovərklïpiən wk. II
to call out loudly
ovərkostung
great tribulation
ovərkräft
superior skill
ovərkumən str. IV
to overcome, overpower, overwhelm, take control of; be overcome by
(English subject of passive verb becomes object of active verb)
ovərkwalm
great death, plague
ovərkwidə
overstatement
ovərkwa̋ ð
hyperbole
ovərkävəd
tattooed all over
ovərköyrən wk. I
to drive over or across
ovərkümə
(n.) overpowering, overwhelming, subdual
ovərkűðən wk. I
to overstate
ovərlaʒ
sweatshirt
ovərlecgən wk. I
to lay over or on, overlay
excessive
ovərlik
ovərlippə
upper lip
ovərliviən wk. I
to survive
ovərliviənd
survivor
ovərliviəndə
adj. surviving
too great love
ovərluvə
ovərlåd
way over or across
ovərla̋ dən wk. I
to lead over or across
ovərla̋ vən wk. I
to leave over
ovərle̋ v
very dear
survival
ovərlív
ovərlíðən str. I
to be transported across, go across in a vehicle or vessel
ovərlïvə
living above one’s means
ovərlı̋ htən wk. I
to excel in brightness
ovərlı̋ rnes
passage, bypassing (of events)
to pass over, pass by (of events)
ovərlı̋ rən wk. I
ovərlókiən wk. II
to overlook (intentionally), disregard
ovərlüftlik adj.
above the air
ovərmann
superman
marking placed above
ovərmarkung
ovərmaʒən pret.-pres.
to have power over
ovərmaħt
superpower (of a superhero)
ovərmestən wk. I
to over-fatten with mast
ovərmicl
too great
ovərmiclnes
excessive greatness
ovərmåðm
costly gift
ovərmäcgə
very illustrious or impressive courtier
ovərmäyn
overpowering might; Math. exponent
ovərma̋ lən wk. I
to talk into (doing something)
ovərmétlik
vast, enormous
ovərmétə adj.
immoderate, excessive, inordinate
ovərmód
haughtiness, superior demeanour
ovərmódi adj.
haughty
ovərmöttə
impertinence
480
ovərmődə adj.
ovərnatúrlik adj.
ovərnád
ovərnïmən str. IV
ovərnón
ovərnümə
ovərprúd adj.
ovərrank adj.
ovərreccən wk. I
ovərrenkə
ovərrinnən str. III
ovərrist
ovərristlik adj.
ovərrédən str. VII
ovərrídən str. I
ovərríxiən wk. II
ovərríƨən str. I
ovərríƨəndə adj.
ovərrówən str. VII
ovərsaldlik adj.
ovərsalə
ovərscadwiən wk. II
ovərscáwiən wk. II
ovərscáwiənd
ovərscådən str. VII
ovərsce̋ tən str. II
ovərscínən str. I
ovərscúwiən wk. II
ovərsellən wk. I
ovərsendən wk. I
ovərsendərə
ovərsettən wk. I
ovərseyl
ovərseyliən wk. II
ovərsilvrən wk. I
ovərsittən str. V
ovərskatt
ovərsküppən
ovərsleyə
ovərslop
ovərslán str. VI
ovərslép
ovərslépən str. VII
ovərslüpə
ovərsmáyən wk. II
ovərsmítən str. I
ovərspra̋ dən wk. I
ovərspréc
ovərsprék
impertinent
supernatural
extreme need
to supersede
afternoon after 3 p.m.
supersession
excessively arrogant, presumptuous
too tall
to relate?
excessive height
to run over
transcendence
transcendental
to read over
to ride over or across
to rule over
to transcend
transcendent
to row over
alienable
transfer of ownership (of property), alienation; disposal, sale
to overshadow
to superintend
overseer
to assign to a particular grade or class
to overshoot
to exceed in brightness
to overshadow
to alienate (property), transfer ownership to; dispose of, sell
to transmit
transmitter
to superimpose, superpose
topsail
to sail across
to cover over with silver
to preside over
surtax
to skip over
lintel
stole
to subdue, overcome
too much sleep
to oversleep
surplice
to reconnoiter
to smear all over
to spread (a tablecloth, bedcloth) over
overly talkative
(excessive) loquacity
481
ovərsprëkl
talking too much, tattling, indiscreet
ovərsprëkə
one who talks too much
ovərsprëkən str. V
to talk too much
ovərstall
standing over, mentoring, supervision
ovərstallə
mentor, guide, supervisor
ovərstandən str. VI
to stand over
ovərsteppən str. VI
to cross
ovərstiyə
climbing over, surmounting; surpassing, exceeding
ovərsta̋ lən wk. I
to convict
ovərsta̋ nən wk. I
to pave with stone
ovərstíʒən str. I
to climb over, mount over, surmount, scale; to overcome; to surpass, exceed,
outdo
ovərstíʒəndlik adj.
superlative
ovərswimmən str. III
to swim over or across
ovərswingən str. III
to flog all over
overpowering, vanquishing
ovərswíðing, ovərswíðnes
ovərswíðə adv.
overmuch, excessively
ovərswíðən wk. I
to overpower; vanquish; outdo
ovərswíðənd
vanquisher
ovərswíðəstrə
victrix
to muffle, dampen
ovərswóʒən str. VII
ovərswőylik adj.
supersonic
ovərsám
saddlebag
ovərsåwən str. VII
to sow over
ovərsäyən
headline
from across the sea, foreign
ovərsa̋ isc
ovərsa̋ lik
on the other side of the sea
ovərsémən wk. I
to overload (with packing)
ovərsëlv
superego
ovərse̋ knes
great illness
̋
to look over, survey, overlook
ovərsen str. V
ovərsőkən wk. I
to attack from above
ovərtakən str. VI
to seize from someone, take something over to oneself, appropriate
(something in the grasp of another)
ovərtal
exaggerated story
ovərtaliən wk. II
to exaggerate, embellish
ovərtalung
exaggeration, embellishment
ovərteldən str. III
to cover over, protect with a cover or covering
ovərtiliən wk. II
to overshoot (a target, mark, etc.)
ovərtimbrən wk. I
to build over?
ovərtoʒən adj.
covered
ovərtraħtiən wk. II
to cover (a topic)
ovərtrowst
overconfidence
ovərtrowsti adj.
overconfident
ovərtrowstən wk. I
to be overconfident (that)
ovərtrëdən str. V
to tread over, walk over, step on
ovərtrúwiən wk. II
to trust too much
ovərtrúwə
overconfidence (in someone or something)
ovərtélə
leery
482
ovərte̋ n str. II
ovərtüyə
ovərwadən str. VI
ovərwakiən wk. II
ovərwaldə
ovərwaldən str. VII
ovərwaxən str. VI
ovərwedr
ovərwendən wk. I
ovərwindən str. III
ovərwinnən str. III
ovərwintrən wk. I
ovərwirðə adj.
ovərwist
ovərwistlik
ovərwlencə
ovərwlencən wk. I
ovərwritən adj.
ovərwritənnes
ovərwriyəlƨ
ovərwrëkən str. V
ovərwríðən str. I
ovərwrı̋ n str. I
ovərwäccə
ovərwäldən wk. I
ovərwëli adj.
ovərwëniən wk. II
ovərwërk
ovərwërpən str. III
ovərwëʒən str. V
ovərwíʒing
ovərwíʒən str. I
ovərwőn
ovərwőnən wk. I
ovərwürcən wk. I
ovəryetnes
ovəryät
ovəryémnes
ovəryémən wk. I
ovəryérə adj.
ovəryëtl
ovəryëtən str. V
ovəryëtəndə adj.
ovərye̋ tən str. II
ovəryívrə adj.
ovəryədrink
ovəryəmet
ovəryəséli adj.
ovəryəsélð
to draw over, pull over
overdraft
to wade across, cross (a river)
to watch over, be awake over
overlord
to prevail, preponderate; ovərwaldəndə predominant, overwhelming
to grow too much
inclement weather
to overturn
to overwind (a watch)
to win over; to work over, cause to come over to one’s side
to overwinter
very worthy
superessence
superessential, supersubstantial
the high life, luxury living
to live the high life, live well or luxuriously
superscript
superscript
covering, shroud
to overwhelm
to wind round
to cover over, cover atop
awake too late at night
to override
very wealthy
to become insolent or presumptuous
sarcophagus
to throw over, overthrow; to throw or cast something over another, sprinkle
to weigh down (from above)
conquest
to conquer
exaggerated opinion
to overween, have an exaggerated opinion
to outdo, outperform
omission, passing over
oblivion
oversight (= supervision)
to oversee
#(OE = old)
omissive, tending to pass over or miss
to pass over, miss, omit
passing over, omitting
to suffuse, flood, overwhelm (with liquid)
excessively voracious or ravenous or rapacious
excess in drinking
excess
overly fortunate
excessive happiness
483
ovəryətimbr
ovəryəwrit
ovəryəwërk
ovəryəþrungən
ovəryəþüld
ovərákə
ovəräldə
ovəra̋ scə
ovərét
ovərétə
ovərëtl
ovərëtlnes
ovərþarv
ovərþarvə
ovərþeccən wk. I
ovərþencən wk. I
ovərþeyniən wk. II
ovərþrawiən wk. II
ovərþråwən str. VII
ovərþrüccən wk. I
ovərþrümm
ovərþa̋ nən wk. I
ovərþínən str. I
ovərþı̋ dən wk. I
ovərþı̋ n str. I
ovərþóħt adj.
ovərűð
ovərəgevən str. V
ovərəgift
ovərəwirðən wk. I
ovəst
ovəsti
ovət
owk adv.
owmlik adj.
ownd adj.
owƨən wk. I
oxid
oxidíƨən
oxnəlübb
oxüjen
oxə pl. öxən
yaks, musk oxen, zebus)
oxəngang
oxənhirdə
oxənkalv
oxənslüppə
oyes interj.
oylrigg
superstructure
superscription
superstructure
overcrowded
intolerable state
surplus
extreme old age
survey (inquiry)
overeating, gluttony, feasting, excess
gluttonous
tending to overeat, gluttonous
tendency to overeat, glutto
great need
one in great need
to cover over, hide
to think over
to officiate
to correct (prisoners, criminals, etc.)
to twist over or around (and over) something
to squeeze too much, apply too much pressure
excessive force(s)
to overmoisten
to grow too moist, be too moist
to dub (a film, etc.)
to excel, do exceedingly well; to outdo, outperform
thought over, considered
overwhelming wave
to extradite
extradition
to overrate
haste
hasty
fruit (in the concrete sense, of a tree or plant)
in addition; prep. in addition to + dat.
hurtful to the feelings, unpleasant
doomed
to lade, bale, ladle, scoop up (water, liquid)
oxide
to oxidize
ox-heal (plant)
oxygen
wild cow or bull, wild ox; any bovine animal (cattle, buffaloes, bison, gaur,
an eighth of a plough-land
cattle herder
calf of a wild ox
oxlip
hear!
oil rig
484
oylə
oil (mechanical lubricant)
oð
prep. until, till; up to, as far as; at (indicating endpoint, limit)
oƨmund
osmund
oƨmyum
osmium
oƨon
ozone
oƨr
osier (shoot)
oþþə conj.
or; oþþə…oþþə either...or
pablən wk. I
to make a sound like that of boiling liquid
padduk
seahorse
paddə
tadpole
paddənéy
frog-island
padi
paddy
padl
paddle
pagóde
pagoda
pakan
pecan
pakking
packing, wrapping
pakkə
box (for presents, gifts, etc., usu. made out of light material, not wood or
metal), package; pack (of beer, cigarettes, chewing gum, etc.)
pakkən wk. I
to pack (in something), wrap up, box, encase
pakkət
packet
pal
pawl
palavr
unnecessary or profuse talk
palavrən wk. I
to talk unnecessarily or profusely
palenzlik adj.
of a palace, palatial
palenzə
palace
palet
palette
palfrey
palfrey
palimpsést
palimpsest
palindrom
palindrome
paliən wk. II
to pale (in comparison); to lose strength, fizzle, fade
pallyum
pallium
to beat soundly, thrash, lambaste
pallən wk. I
pallət
headpiece of leather
palm(tre̋ )
palm-tree
palmbaru
stand of palm-trees
Palmdäy
Palm Sunday
palmtwiy
palm-twig, palm-branch
palmwïkə
week of which Palm Sunday is the first day
palmäppl
date
palstr
spine = quill of porcupine, ray of fish’s fin, sharp narrow bone; fishbone (one
of the pointed ones that tend to prick)
palt
odds and ends
palti adj.
leftover; second-hand
paltrən wk. I
to palter
palyət
pallet
palət
pallet (of machinery)
pamflət
pamphlet, brochure
pamprən wk .I
to pamper
485
pan
prep., adv., prefix on, upon, onto (= German auf in its primary senses),
indicating support by a surface (horizontal)
panblåwən str. VII
to blow upon?
panbod
imposition
panbe̋ dən str. II
to impose something acc. on someone dat.
panbőn
imprecation
pancə
paunch, pot-belly
panda
panda
pandr
pander
pandrən wk. I
to pander
pandón anom.
to put on, don (a hat); to put something on someone, burden, impose
panfallən str. VII
to fall to, be assigned to
panfalləndə adj.
incumbent (on)
panfaʒniən wk. II
to fawn on
panfäðmən wk. I
to embrace (fig.), take on, accept
panfón str.VII
to adopt (other than children)
pang
toboggan
panginnən str. III
to take on (a responsibility, burden, etc.)
panhaldən str. VII
to support, sustain, bear; to keep on (hat)
panherʒiən wk. II
to harass, harrow, harry
care, attention
panhoʒ
panhre̋ƨən str. II
to fall upon, rush upon
panhrürə
a falling upon
panháw
block of wood for hewing on
panhåwiən wk. II
to look down on, have contempt for
epicalyx, calycle
panhúskən
panhücgən wk. I
to give thought to, consider
panik
panic grass
panklïpiən wk. II
to emphasize (a word, point), stress (a vowel, syllable)
panklïpiəndə adj.
emphatic
emphasis (of a word, point), stress, accent (on a vowel, syllable)
panklïpə
panklïpəd
accented, tonic
pankraviən wk. II
to insist on, insist that
pankraviəndə adj.
insistent
pankravung
insistence
pankumən str. IV
to get on (a surface, etc., usually intr.); to supervene
pankust
extra or additional cost
panlecgən wk. I
to lay on (a surface), lay down (on)
panlétən str. VII
to let on, let on board; to leave on (a hat e.g.)
panlı̋ n str. I
to confer (something, acc.) on (someone, dat.)
panlókiən wk. II
to look over (a person), evaluate (the appearance or qualities of)
panlókiənd
one who looks over or evaluates the appearance or qualities of someone or
something
panlókung
looking-over, evaluation; profile (description)
panmődən wk. I
to take upon onself, presume
panmőtən wk. I
to come upon
pannkakə
pancake
pannmetə
cooked food
pannïmən str. IV
to take on
486
pannþërv
pannə
panrid
panråd
panrím
panrímən wk. I
pansand
pansendən wk. I
panset
pansetnes
pansettən wk. I
pansittənd
panslán str. VI
panstellən wk. I
panstëkən str. V
panswåpən str. VII
panse̋ n str. V
panse̋ nd
pantax
pantomím
pantryə
pantufl
pantyər
pantən wk. I
panwritənnes
panwrítən str. I
panyər
panzyər
panécnes
panécən wk. I
panőðiən wk. II
panőðung
panþér
panəl
papas
papasmóƨ
papaya
papin
papl(stån)
pappi
pappə
paprika
papyər
papyərbred
papyərfóðr
papyərþeħt adj.
papűrus
papəjay
parabola
crêpe
pan
riding horse
riding on horseback
additional number (figured into a total)
to figure in (to a total)
something sent or inflicted (by God) upon the people, a visitation
to send or inflict (something, as a disease or calamity) on a people
a sitting on, riding on
a setting on, placing upon
to set on, place on, impress upon
one who sits upon, rider
to come down on, attack (someone in a lower position or at a disadvantage)
to place on; to mount (e.g. a statue on a pedestal)
to mount (a specimen on a slide, e.g.), fix on
to sweep on, blow on
to look upon; to look on; to view (a panorama, landscape, etc.)
onlooker, spectator, viewer
surcharge
pantomime, dumb-show
pantry
galoshes
one in charge of provision of food in a large establishment
to heave (in all senses but “lift with exertion”)
signature
to sign (a document)
pannier for a woman’s dress (see OED)
plate-armour
an addition (to something)
to add to
to breathe on
breathing on
panther (esp. a black leopard)
panel
potato
mashed potatoes
papaya
boiled pudding
pebble
daddy, dad
man’s nipple, mammilla
paprika
paper; a paper
pad (of paper), writing pad
portfolio (case)
paperback (novel, book)
papyrus
parrot
parabola
487
paradís
paradise
paraf
paraph
paraffin
paraffin
paragon
paragon
parallax
parallax
paralüsis
paralysis
parametr
parameter
paramúr
paramour
parapet
parapet
parbunkl
parbuckle
pareylən wk. I
to revamp
paritoryə
wall-pellitory
parjət
parget
parjətən wk .I
to parget
park
recreational ‘park’, in the sense of: zoological park, zoo (de̋ rpark);
amusement park (gamnpark); botanical park or gardens (plantpark); arboretum (tre̋ park); public
aquarium(fiscpark, wätrpark); waterpark (swimmpark)
parkə
parquet
parkərə
(recreational) park keeper
parlament
parliament
parlamentdål
house of parliament
parlamentmann
member of parliament, parliamentarian
parlamentrecəd
parliament building
parlur
parlour, conversation room
parlé
parley
parlən wk. I
to parley
parokít
parakeet
parpayn
parpen(d)
parriən wk. I
to confine, shut in, enclose
part
division of a play or story; part = role, responsibility
parti
(political) party
parting
parting
partiscar
faction
partiþı̋ ding
coalition (in politics)
partment
department
partən wk. I
to part, part ways; to divorce; to part the hair
parzel
parcel (of land, etc.)
parzonyər
sharer, partner
parájə
equality of birth or station, as of members of the same family
pas
a pass (e.g. for entry)
pascən wk. I
to strike or knock violently, so as to bruise or smash
paskən wk. I
to dabble or splash about in the water
passé adj.
passé
pasta
pasta
pastel
pastel
pastilə
pastil
pasté
pastry (item)
pasword
password
488
pasyon
great suffering, passion (as of a martyr, Christ); great sacrifice (e.g. for a
cause, for a loved one)
pasájə
permission or pass to travel (esp. aboard a vehicle), passage, pass
pasən wk. I
to be admitted, pass; pass (a test); pass (for, as); létən pasən to let pass,
admit, let enter
pasəndə adj.
admissible; passing (grade); passable (as something else)
patentə
patent
patin
patten
patron
pattern
patrən wk. I
to patter
pattən wk. I
to strike with a flat or blunt instrument
pawmə
the ball of muscle at the base of the thumb
pawn
pawn
paunch, panch (nautical sense, see OED) - a small shield mounted on a mast
pawncə
to prevent it from chafing when it is lowered or raised
pawniən wk. II
to pawn
pawnzər
armour below the waist
pawtonyər
homeless person
pawƨə
pause, a rest, time out
payrə
pair
peace treaty
payƨ
payƨant
peasant
payƨən wk. I
to pacify
payə
appeasement, satisfaction, fulfillment of obligations or expectations
payən wk. 1
to appease, satisfy, fulfill obligations or expectations (of someone)
Pazifikyëvn
Pacific Ocean
Pazifisc
Pacific
paþos
pathos
peddə
small wares
peddərə
pedlar
peg
peggə
pek
peck
pekkən wk. I
to peck
pektin
pectin
pel
a skin or roll of parchment
pelfə
illegally obtained wealth or money
pelfən wk. I
to defraud of money, swindle
pelfərə
swindler
pellikan
pelican
pellák
wild thyme
pellən wk .I
to become vapid; lose spirit
pelot
pellet (missile)
pelt
fur
peləgrin
(religious) pilgrim
peləgrinfar
pilgrimage
pelən wk. I
to expel, throw out
penant adj.
penitent
penanzə
penitence, penance
pencant
penchant
489
pendant
pendant
pendən wk. I
to belong to
pengwin
penguin
penizillin
penicillin
penk
young salmon not yet a smolt
penn
pen (fold)
penning
penny, cent
penningsläħt
coining money
penningwey
pennyweight
penningwixlərə, penninghwërvərə, penningmangərə
money-changer
penningwërð
pennyworth
penniən wk .II
to pen (an animal), impound, shut in
pennstrik
stroke of the pen
pencil case
pennwalət
pennə
pen (for writing)
pensyon
stipend
pentis
penthouse (adjacent or overlying structure)
pentəkostən
Pentecost
penzl
small banner
penƨé
pansy
peony
peonyə
pepin
pip (seed)
per
prep. per (chiefly in distibutive sense)
perawntr
perchance
percə
perch, rod, pole (for a bird to sit on)
to perch
percən wk. I
perdriz
partridge
perdű adj.
in a very dangerous or hopeless situation, such that death is almost inevitable
(said esp. of military or espionnage)
perey
perry (fermented pear juice)
perfekt adj.
perfect (gramm.)
perki adj.
cocky, self-assertive, obtrusive
perkőr adv.
by heart, from memory
perkən wk. I
to perk
permanent
perm, permanent wave (hairdo)
perron
perron (see OED)
persemin
persimmon
persilyə
parsley
persóniən wk. II
to personate, play the part of
persónə
character in a play, story, movie, etc.; a ‘character’ (someone with a notable
or exaggerated personality)
pert
blunt-spoken
perwinkə
periwinkle (plant)
peryod
period (of a recurring phenomenon; of a planet’s orbit)
peryodisc adj.
periodic
perzant
penetrating, biting, keen, piercing (of sounds, wit, remarks, eyes)
perzent adj.
percent
perzentájə
percentage
perzentíl
percentile
490
perzən wk. I
to stab
perƨik
peach
perƨiktre̋
peach-tree
perƨisc
Persian
pesl
pistil
pesltoppə
stigma (of a flower)
pest
pest
pesti adj.
pesky
pet
petulance, snappishness, waspishness, bad temper
petard
petard (war-engine used to blow in a door or gate, or breach a wall, etc., see
OED)
peti
petulant, snappish, waspish, bad-tempered
petigrew
butcher’s broom (plant)
petit
trivial, inconsequential, of little importance or significance
petrol
petroleum (esp. unrefined, as a mineral)
pettə
pet
pewn
pawn (chesspiece, and fig.)
pewtr
pewter
peynful adj.
experiencing trouble or difficulty; embarrassed, uncomfortable, mortified; in a
difficult situation
peynlik adj.
painful (mostly figurative), very difficult or troublesome; awkward,
embarrassing, uncomfortable; calling for great care or precision
peynt
paint
peyntűrə
painting (of houses, etc.)
peyntən wk. I
to paint, apply paint to (houses, etc.)
painter (of houses, etc.)
peyntərə
peynə
pains, great care or trouble; mental difficulty; awkwardness; embarrassment
peynən wk.I
to pain, cause pains, cause difficulty or trouble; be embarrassing or awkward
peyrən wk. I
to make worse, less valuable, or weaker; lessen injuriously
peytral
breastplate of a horse in armour
burden of responsibility, blame, punishment, etc.
peyƨ
pic
pitch (substance)
piccən wk. I
to pitch (a net, tent, etc.), to install (esp. inpiccən)
piciən wk. II (pikiən wk. II?)
to cover with pitch
of pitch (substance)
picən adj.
picər
a large drinking-vessel, often metal, goblet
pidlən wk. I
to piddle (to work, or do anything, in a trifling, fiddling, ineffective way)
piflən wk. I
to talk indistinctly, feebly, ineffectively, or in a trifling way
piggə
piglet
pijin
Pidgin language; adj. Pidgin (pijin Englisc Pidgin English)
pijon
nestling pigeon, squab
pikant
piquant (agreeably pungent)
pikkən/pikkiən wk. II
to pick at, pick away (at) (as with the nails, a pick-axe, a toothpick, a pointed
instrument)
piknik
picnic
pikrəl
pickerel
pikət
picket (used in surveying, or in a strike)
pil
peel (of an orange, etc.)
pilaw
pilaw
491
pilcə
pilcər
pilkən wk. I
pillə
pilsåpə
pinaklə
pincən wk. I
pinglən wk. I
pink
pinkiən wk. II
pinkə
pinkən wk .I
pinn
pre̋ n which is an ordinary pin)
pinniən wk. II
pinnuk
pinnə
pintl
pinuk
pinyon
pinzl
painting walls etc.)
pinzon
pinƨiən wk. II
pinəwinklə
pipl
pipling
piplən wk. I
pippə
pippənalə
Pirenisc
pirlə
pirlən wk. I
pirnə
pirwet
pirwinkəƨ
piryə
pisc interj.
pisl
other senses of “epistle”)
pislbók
pislklåð
pislrokk
pislréding
pislrédərə
pistácə
pisə
pisən wk .I
pitawnzə
fur coat
pilchard
to pick (the teeth, the nose, the ear, the nails, a bone, a carcass)
pill (of medicine)
“silotrum”, soap for removing hair
pinnacle
to pinch
to bother (to do something), trouble oneself
pink (colour)
to pink out (perforate with designs, letters, etc.)
stud (in construction)
to be half-shut (of the eyes)
peg with a tapered end or that clasps, fastens, etc., clothespin (as opposed to
to fasten with a pinn or clothespin
small bridge over a ditch or runnel
thermos
pin or bolt on or around which something turns, as in a hinge
hedge sparrow
pinion
(artist’s) paintbrush (long and slender types, not the broad ones used for
suspender (Amer. garter)
to weigh, consider, deliberate, think over
periwinkle (shellfish)
pimple
acne
to break out in pimples
pip (disease of fowl)
pimpernel
Pyrrhenian
purl (of lace; in knitting)
to purl (lace; in knitting)
needle of a coniferous tree
pirouette
an instrument of torture for squeezing the fingers
pear-tree
pish! (expressing contempt, impatience, or disgust)
apostolic letter, epistle (in the sense “apostolic letter” only; see epistol for the
book of the epistles (apostolic letters)
vestment worn by the epistoler (epistle-reader)
frock worn by the epistoler/epistler
a reading of an epistle or epistles in a church service
epistle-reader, epistoler/epistler
pistachio
piss
to piss
pittance
492
pitaylə
pitral
pivot
piza
piʒment
piħl
piħtən
piƨlə
plajet
plak
plakard
plakət
plan
plancə
planiscən wk. I
plankə
plantan
plantdóm
plantiən wk. II
plantlúƨ
plantscepə
plantstikkə (?)
plantung
plantwevəlƨ
plantə
planét
planétlik
plasma
plastik
plastikiðənscepə
plastisc
plastr
plastrən wk. I
plat adj.
plat
platiən wk. II
platnes
platr
platung
platína
platónisc
platəd
playd
playdiən wk. II
playdərə
playn
playntə
playnən wk. I
infantry
petrel
pivot
pizza
a scented unguent; deodorant
grass-covered or vegetated courtyard
part of a loom
living room; sitting-room, sitting-space
cotton (or similar) wad to be applied to a wound
(dental) plaque
placard, poster, bill, notice (posted up)
placket (slit in clothing)
(floor-)plan, blueprint
printed plate, engraving
to planish (flatten metal on an anvil, or by rollers)
plank
plantain (the tropical plant)
plant kingdom
to plant
aphid
flora
dibble
a planting
(botanical) parenchyma
plant
planet
planetary
protoplasm
plastic
plastics, plastic industry
made of plastic
plaster (medicament)
to plaster
banal, trite, hackneyed, commonplace, stereotyped
outline, diagram, plan, blueprint
to plate (with metal); əplatiən to beat into (metal) plates
banality; (with indef. art.) platitude
wooden plate
plating
platinum
platonic
plated
plea
to plead
pleader
plain, blunt, straightforward; downright, unqualified
formal complaint, of wrongdoing or crime
to complain formally of wrongdoing or crime
493
playƨant adj.
politely or tritely pleasant, as expected (and therefore somewhat bland or
uninteresting)
playƨanzə
pleasantry (polite social remark)
playƨən wk. I
to please
plaʒiən wk. II
to move rapidly, quickly, or briskly; to “play”, move irregularly and
alternately (of light, flame, leaves, wind, waves, etc.)
plaʒə
rapid, brisk, or quick movement; “play” (irregular and alternating movement
of light, flame, leaves, wind, waves, etc.)
plej
suretyship (responsibility or liability assumed by someone for another)
plejən wk. I
to lay responsibility or liability on; reflex. to be surety for
plekkə
patio
plekkən wk. I
to mark up, cover with marks
pleniscən wk. I
to fix up (a place, room), decorate, arrange (the furniture)
plentivuƨ
plenteous
plentəð
resource (minerals, oil, timber, personnel, book source, etc.)
in full
plenyər adv.
plett
pleat
plevinə
guaranty
plexigläƨ
plexiglass
pleyt
plait
to plait
pleytən wk. I
plicgən wk. I
to cuff
plicətən wk. I
to tamper (with)
plinþ
plinth
pliħt
danger
in danger
pliħti adj.
pliħtlik adj.
dangerous, perilous
pliħtən wk. I
to endanger, imperil, jeopardize
ploddən wk. I
to work slowly against resistance or difficulty
plomb
plumb-bob
plumber
plombyər
plomet
plummet
plonjən wk. I
to plunge into water with a loud noise, as do large broad objects
plott
plot or lot of land
ploy
ploy
pluddə
inconvenience, hindrance, ‘a drag’
pluff
firing of a gun, gunshot
pluffən wk. I
to fire (a gun); to set off (an explosive)
plukkiən wk. II
to pluck, pull out (hairs, feathers)
plump
plump
plumpən wk .I
to plump
plunkən wk. I
to play truant
plunkəndə adj.
truant
plágə
scourge, calamity
plájə
cardinal point
plán
plane (geometrical surface or section)
plánən wk. I
to plane
plátə
plate (for eating)
plázə
place, spot; parking spot
494
plázən wk. I
pläsc
pläsci
pläscən wk. I
plätt
plättən wk. I
pläzə
pla̋ cən wk. I
so as to form a fence or hedge)
plëʒhúƨ
plëʒing
plëʒiən wk. II
plëʒiən wk. II
(athletically)
plëʒl adj.
plëʒlik
plëʒmann (pl. -menn)
plëʒsceld
plëʒscip
plëʒselə
plëʒstedə
plëʒstów
plëʒung
plëʒə
plëʒərə
plëʒəstrə
ple̋
ple̋ lik adj.
ple̋ n str. V
ple̋ sum adj.
plí
Plíozén
plíən wk. I
plók
plóʒ
ready for sowing or cultivation
plúm
plúmslå
plúmsáw
plúmə
plúperfekt
plútriən wk. II
Plútó
plútónisc adj.
plüccən wk. I
plüggə
plüggən wk. I
plüsc
plűmə
to find a place for; to park (a vehicle)
puddle
abounding in puddles, wet, sloppy, marshy, swampy
to splash
buffet, smack
to buffet, smack
open space in a city, square, plaza
to pleach (intertwine bent-down or half-cut branches, twigs, brushwood, etc.
athletic institution
exercise; practice; training
to engage in sport, athletics, or brisk activity; play (sports)
to exercise; (bəplëʒiən) to practise (to get better at); (tóplëʒiən) to train
active, exertive
athletic
athlete, gymnast
practice-shield
(OE = “play-ship”, small vessel)
gymnasium
athletic facility
athletic playground
engagement in sport or athletics
athletic exercise; pl. athletics
athlete
female athlete
risk; ple̋ antakən fër assume the risk for; underwrite
risky
to risk, venture
venturesome, venturous
ply
Pliocene
to ply with
a small buttonlike knob
ploughed land, ploughed earth; the state of being ploughed up; ground or land
down (feathers)
wild plum, Prunus institia
plum-juice
plum
pluperfect (gramm.)
to play or splash about in water
Pluto
plutonic (rock)
to pluck the strings of a musical instrument, pull briefly and quickly
plug (to stop up a hole, drain, etc.)
to plug (a hole, drain, etc.)
n. and adj. plush
plume
495
plűmə2
pocard
pocən wk. I
podd
podlok
pokk
pokkådl, pokkoðə
pokə
pokət
pokətkonthlað
pokətmoneyə
pokətscattəƨ
pokətþe̋ v
pol
polentə
polhwarv
polisc adj.
polisc
poliscən
politik
politikərə
politisc
polizíə
polka
poll
Polland
pollard
polley
pollik adj.
polliknes
pollən wk .I
polmakiən wk. II
polo
polüp
pomadə
poml
pompon
pompyon
pompə
ponc
poncən wk. I
pondrən wk. I
ponyət
ponz
ponzən wk. I
popi
popl
popp
poppmayƨ
plum-tree
pochard
to poach (eggs)
pod (pea-, bean-)
pollack
pock
pox
wallet or purse; money on hand
pocket
pocket calculator
pocket change
pocket money, allowance
pickpocket
axis
parched grain, parched corn
precession
Polish
polish
to polish
politics
politician
political
policy
polka
poll
Poland
n. and adj. pollard (tree)
pennyroyal
polar
polarity
to poll
to polarize
polo
polyp
a dessert made with apples, apple crisp, apple crumble
pommel
pompom
pumpkin
pageant
punch (instrument for punching impressions or holes)
to punch (a figure into metal; a hole into paper or cardboard)
to ponder
wristlet, wristband
pounce2 (see OED)
to emboss
poppy
poplar
pop (explosion)
popcorn
496
poppən wk. I
poprən wk. I
popət
porcə
porfüryə
pork
porpeyƨ
porr
port
portal
portik
portiən wk. II
portkwenə
Portugal
Portugalisc adj.
portwín
portyät
portyər
portə
porzellån
porzyon
poré
posl
posling
possot
possən wk. I
post
postərnə
potiən wk. II
potl
potriən wk. II
pott
pottaskə
pottbrot
pottmät
potto
pottəryə
pottərə
potájə
potáto
poté
powə
poyƨ
poyƨən wk .I
poyə
poznət
poħħə
poħħədə
poƨ
to pop
to pop over, pop by, pop about
figurine; small figure of a human being used in witchcraft, voodoo, etc.
porch
porphyry
pork
porpoise
leek
port (town)
portal
portico
to bray (in a mortar)
prostitute
Portugal
Portuguese
port (wine)
port = entrance to a foreign country, port of entry
porter
port(-hole)(naut.)
porcelain, china
share (in stock)
a kind of strained vegetable soup
missionary
pellet (non-missile)
posset
(of waves) to dash, thrash (against)
upright, vertical part or member
postern
to punch
pottle
to potter, putter, busy oneself
pot (usu. metal)
potash
potsherd, shard
stew
ground sloth
pottery
potter
pottage (of vegetables, pulses)
sweet potato
putty powder
paw
poise
to poise
gallery of a theatre
posnet
pouch
pouched
cold (illness)
497
poƨl
poƨlən wk. I
pragg
prang
pranglən
prangə
prank adj.
prankt adj.
prankən wk. I
pranzən wk . I
prass
pravəst
pravəstfolʒəð
pravəstscír
prawn
prayəl
prelát
prenjən wk .I
prenting
prentnes
prentə
prentən wk. I
press
pressiðənscepə
pressə
pressən wk. I
pressəndə adj.
prest adj.
prettən wk. I
prey
preylik adj.
preyr
preyƨ
preyƨən wk. I
preyən wk. I
prezl
prezyuƨ
priccən (or prikkən) wk. I
pricl
prigg
priggisc adj.
prikþorn
prikət
prim adj.
primroƨə
prink
prinkox
prinkən adj.
prinzesə
puzzle, mystery, difficult question or problem
to nonplus, stump (someone)
pointed branch, stick, or twig
tight embrace
to ‘bearhug’
angina (pectoris)
‘posh’, fashionable
dressed up
to dress up
to prance
ballyhoo, hoopla
provost
order or rank of provost (?)
provostship (?)
prawn
meadow grasses, wild grasses
prelate
to pin to the ground, pin down
printing (of a book, newspaper, etc.)
edition (made in the same printing)
print
to print (a publication)
urgency
the press, newspaper industry
(printing-)press
to press, be urgent
urgent, pressing
game for, enthusiastic, willing, favourably inclined towards
to take pride
a wooden pin used in thatching
precative; precatory
a prayer; humble request
homage, tribute (to someone)
to pay tribute or homage to someone
to pray to; ask of
pretzel
precious
to jot, jot down
jot, tittle
prig
priggish
thorn-tree
spike of a candlestick
prim
primrose
a second (of time)
conceited fellow
to fuss about one’s dress or appearance
princess
498
prinzipal
prinzlik adj.
prinzə
prism
prismlik adj.
privé adj.
probléma
‘difficulty, distress’)
prodd
proddən wk. I
profess
professlik adj.
professmann
professor
progg
programm
prokiən wk. II
prokətur
prollən wk. I
propaganda
propan
proppə
propr
proprəté
Protestant
Protestantyəlávə
protiən wk. II
proxyə
proynən wk. I
prozes
prutnə
prák
prátlən wk. I
prátən wk. I
prätt
prätti adj.
pra̋ cən
pra̋ cərə
pra̋ dikát
préw
préwt
préwthwíl
préwən wk. I
pre̋ n
pre̋ niən wk. II
pre̋ nkuscin
pre̋ st
pre̋ stflokk
pre̋ sthåd
principal (of a school)
princely
prince (= member of royal family, son of king)
prism
prismatic
privy
problem (in mathematics, science, philosophy, etc., not as a synonym for
prod
to prod
profession (occupation)
professional
a professional
professor
stiletto
(TV, radio) program
to motivate
(university) proctor
to seek sexual partners, ‘cruise’, ‘hustle’, often said of prostitutes
propaganda
propane
(theatrical) prop
proper (in appositive sense, also proper noun)
property (peculiarity, quality, feature)
Protestant (adj. and n.)
Protestantism, Protestant belief
to stick one’s head in another’s business, be nosy, pry, interfere
proxy
to rid of undesirables, clean up
process
southern-wood (wormwood?) Lat. abrotanum
sea anemone
to prattle
to talk on and on, talk idly
trick
given to tricks, tricky; crafty, sly, underhanded
to preach
preacher
predicate (gramm., logic)
pointer, gnomon; cursor; arm of a watch or clock
a wink
blink of an eye, wink of an eye, twinkling of an eye, instant
to wink
pin
to stick with a pin, fasten with a pin, pin
pincushion
(christian) priest
body of priests
priesthood
499
pre̋ sthírəd
pre̋ stlaʒ
pre̋ stlik adj.
pre̋ stlív
pre̋ stráv
pre̋ strëʒl
pre̋ stscír
pre̋ stskól
pre̋ styəsamnung
prím adj.
prím
prímadonna
prímsang
prímát
prín
príor
príoresə
príoryə
prívat adj.
prívazə
prívən wk. I
príƨ
príƨfloʒəting
príƨháyung
príƨháʒmél
príƨiən wk . II
príƨrëʒlung
príƨsammakung
príƨstopp
príƨsåʒ
príƨsíʒing
príƨtaggə
príƨwälding
príƨákə
príƨéwnes
príƨə
príƨən wk. I
príən wk .I
prïkiən wk. II
prïkl
prïkli adj.
prïkméləm
prïkung
prïkə
próbə
próbən wk. I
próteyn
prótokoll
próton
body of priests
ecclesiastical law, canon law
priestly, canonical
priestly life
priestly garment
canonical rule
parish
seminary
community of priests
prime (number, quotient, divisor, factor)
morning prayer, prime
primadonna, prima donna
prime-song, service of prime
primate (ape, man)
holm or evergreen oak, ilex
a prior (person)
prioress
priory
private
privacy
to strip of office or dignity, derobe
price
price fluctuation
inflation
price ceiling
to price, set a price for
price regulation
price equalization
price freeze
slump
deflation
price tag
price control
price increase
price index
(feudal, king’s) requisition
to prise, pry (open, etc.)
to pry (into someone’s affairs, e.g.)
to prick
prickle, spine
prickly
point by point
pricking, remorse
prick
probe
to probe
protein
(diplomatic) protocol
proton
500
próv
próvflüyə
próvköyr
próvreyƨə
próvstall
próvtímə
próvən wk. I
próƨlik adj.
próƨə
pröw
pröwƨ
prőv
prővprentnes
prővən wk. I
sample
prú
prúd adj.
prúdiən wk. II
prúdlik adj.
prúdscepə
prúdswangr adj.
prúdung
prúesə
prűd
prűdisc adj.
prűdə
prűdən wk. I
prűnə
prűnən wk. I
pteranodon
pterosawr
publ adj.
publiscing
publiscən wk. I
pucg
pucgi adj.
pudd
puding
pudl
puduk
puffin
pugg
puggən wk. I
pukkiən wk. II
pukrən wk. I
pulkə
pull
pulliən wk. II
pulpit
test
test flight
test drive
foray
laboratory
trial period
to test
prosaic
prose
weal, welfare, common good
handsome, especially in a manly way
sample
proof (for correction)
to try out, try on, try, give something a try (e.g. clothes, something new); to
bow of a ship
arrogant
to swagger (proudly)
insolent, overbearing
arrogance (especially attitude)
overburdened with arrogance or pride
swagger
manliness, heroism
prude
prudish
arrogance (especially behaviour)
to be proud, pride oneself
prune
to preen; to fuss with one’s hair
Pteranodon
pterosaur
chunky, beefy
publication
to publish
pudge
pudgy
watering hole, watering place
pudding
puddle
skin tag
puffin
plasticine
to pound, ram (clay, dough, etc.)
to poke about with the snout or bill
to purse (the lips)
shallow well
lagoon
to pull with violence, yank
pulpit
501
puls
pult
pultryə
pultyər
pulyə
pulət
pumic
pumpə
pumpən wk. I
punc
pund
pundr
pundriən wk. II
pundwey
pundə
pundərn
pung
pungþe̋ v
pungəting
pungətən wk. I
punkt
punkting
punktən wk. I
punt
puntilyo
puntilyuƨ
puppət
puraylə
purcas
purcasən wk. I
purlə
purlən wk. I
purpr
purprə
purprən adj.
purpura
purrən wk. I
pursiwtə
pursiwən wk. I
purveyur
purveyən wk. I
purƨ
puscən wk. I
puss
pusskatt
put
putayn, strumpət
putiən wk. II
away with, get rid of
pulse (plants)
chicken as a food
domestic fowl (collective), poultry
poulterer
pulley
pullet
pumice
pump
to pump
punch (beverage)
pound (weight and currency)
plumb-line
to plumb
pound weight (measure)
pound (for animals)
level (instrument)
purse
pickpurse
tingling
to puncture repeatedly?
punctuation mark
punctuation
to punctuate
punt (boat)
punctilio
punctilious
puppet
poor people
purchase
to purchase
purl (of water, streams)
to purl (of water, streams)
royal-purple cloth
royal-purple garment
royal purple
purpura (disease)
to prod
prosecution
to prosecute
purveyor
to purvey
handbag
to push repeatedly; force by pushing
puss(y) (cat)
pussycat
throw, ‘putting’ of a stone
slut, hussy
to put away, put in the pocket, to stash; inputiən to insert, fərputiən to do
502
putung
putting away, disposal
puynant adj.
poignant
puynt
point (in space or time)
puyntűrə
puncture
puynən wk. I
to puncture
puyƨon
potion
puðr
fuss
puðrən wk. I
to fuss
puƨliən wk. II
to pick (a wound, etc.), pick at
puƨə
bag under the eyes
pyano
piano
pyanolåkərə
piano player, pianist
pá
peafowl
páhenn
peahen
pájə
page (of book)
pál adj.
light (of a colour, of skin)
pál
pale (stake for a fence)
pálmúr
palisade
pálwín
white wine
pálən wk .I
to fence or enclose with stakes
pán
a piece, width, or strip of cloth woven with others (often of differing colours)
to form a quilt, coverlet, tapestry, etc.); any section of a woven item that differs in colour from its surroundings
pár
par
párən wk. I
to pare (trim etc.)
pás
pace
pastry (dough)
pástə
pát
buzzcut, closely-cropped hairstyle, very short haircut
páving
paving
pávment
pavement (in the American sense)
pávən wk. I
to pave
pázyent
(doctor’s) patient
påd
coat (garment only)
pål
spire (of a tree, tower, steeple, roof)
påphåd
papal office
påpsetl, påpdóm
papacy
påpə
pope
Påskə
Passover
påst
post, station (where someone has been sent or positioned on duty)
påstən wk. I
to post, station (on duty)
påwə
peacock
påƨən wk. I
to pose (for a picture or painting)
päccə
sticker
päll
pall
pällən adj.
“as though covered by a pall”, gloomy, depressed
pärdon interj.
pardon, excuse me
pärfey interj., adv.
for sure, really
pärfit
perfect
pärfitnes
perfection
pärfizyonism
perfectionism
503
pärfizyonistə
pärfüm
pärl
pärr
pärruk
pärsonə
päyl
päð
päþþən wk. I
pa̋ cə
pa̋ cən
pa̋ k
pa̋ l
pa̋ ld adj.
pa̋ lə
pa̋ lə2
pa̋ lən wk. I
pa̋ lənd
pa̋ nə
pa̋ rən wk. I
pa̋ rəndfót
pa̋ rəndə adj.
pécə
pékl
péklən wk. I
pékən wk .I
pér
périən wk. II
pérə
pérən wk. I
pévisc adj.
pézə
péƨl
për
përsáw, përwóƨ
përð
pí
pík
píking
píkən str. I
hoe, jackhammer, etc.
píl
pílik adj.
píliən wk. II
pílstäv, -stampə, -stokk, pílstrə
pílə
pílərə
píment
perfectionist
perfume (fluid)
enula (herb) / gemmula (mollusk), OE pærl
an enclosure for cattle, such as in a ranch
land enclosed by a fence, paddock
parson
small glass for drinking shots of strong alcohol, or for measuring alcohol
path
to traverse, travel over, pass along
cheater
to cheat (intr.); bəpäcən to cheat (tr.)
peak (not mountain, e.g. a peaked hat)
pilaster (square pillar, column, post, or pole)
appellate
appeal
baker’s shovel
to appeal (a decision, judgment)
appellant
the pointed end of a hammer
to appear (to be), seem, look (esp. falsely)
pseudopodium
apparent
piece of junk
pickle
to pickle
to peek
peer (an equal, etc.)
to be peer to, compare to
pier (support of a bridge)
to piss off, peeve, anger, irritate, make hostile or uncooperative
peevish
part (of a machine, for assembly, etc.)
penis of a large animal, as a horse, bull, elephant, etc.
pear
pear-juice
chessman
pie
pick, pickaxe, pointed tool
action of píkən
to pierce, penetrate, puncture, break up, with a pointed tool such as a pickaxe,
pencil
parasitic
to pound in a mortar
pestle
mortar (small hard bowl for crushing, pulverizing with a pestle)
one who pounds in a mortar
hot pepper (chili, cayenne, jalapeño, etc.)
504
pín
(act of)(temporary) starvation, deprivation of food; deprivation; torment by
deprivation
pín2, píntre̋
pine(-tree)
pínhnut
pine-nut
píniən wk. II
to deprive of food, starve (temporarily) (tr.); to deprive of something needed
or necessary, torment by deprivation; intr to be deprived of food; to be deprived of necessary things
pínkwal
killing by starvation
pínlik
insufficient, leading to starvation, depriving of what is necessary, tormenting
by deprivation
pínnes
= pín
píntə
pint
pínung
deprivation of food or other necessary things
pínungtól
? (OE = instrument of torture)
pínərə
annoying person
pípdrám
piping
pípet
pipette
pípiən wk .II
to pipe (blow an instrument)
pípə
tube; pipe (wind instrument)
pípən wk. I
to chirp, peep
pípərə
piper
to look narrowly, esp. in order to discern something indistinct or difficult to
pírən wk. I
make out
píta
pita
píƨ
obese
píƨlik
corpulent, overweight
Pierian
Píərisc adj.
píəté
piety
píətéful
pious
pïliən wk. II
to shed (fur, hair, feathers)
pïpr
(black or white) pepper
pïprhorn
horn for pepper
to season with pepper
pïpriən wk. II
pïprkorn
peppercorn
pïprkwërn
pepper-mill
pïðə
pith (of a stalk or stem); flesh (of a fruit); meat (of a nut)
Pïħt
Pict
pïƨə
pea
pı̋
parasite
pókr
poker (game)
pól
pool (excl. swimming pool)
pólbér
pastureland by a pool
póliən wk. II
to pool, form a pool
póvr
having little power or rank, of little means, inferior, lesser
pöyné adj.
puny, undersized
pöyə
pew
pőpl
the masses, lower classes, populace; plebs
pőplmann
plebeian
púc
(anatomical) pouch, pouchlike or baglike cavity or part
púdl(hund)
poodle
505
púdr
powder
púdri adj.
powdery
púf
pouf (hairstyle)
púkl
gremlin
púkə
goblin
púma
puma, cougar, mountain lion
púney
pony
púniən wk. II
to pound
púnərə
pounder, pestle
púriən wk. I
to pore, look over
púrən wk. I
to issue, stream (of liquids)
pústé
clout
pút
pout (of the lips)
pútiən wk. II
to pout
pútə
bib (fish), whiting-pout
pulse (of the blood)
púƨ
púƨdrívərə
pacemaker
púər
ability, capacity, faculty; power (of sight, etc.)
púərful adj.
able, capable, having the ability, capacity, faculty, or power
püff
a puff (of air)
püffball
puffball
püffi adj.
puffy = blowing in puffs; breathing in puffs, short-winded
püffən wk. I
to puff
pültən wk .I
to hustle (someone)
pülu
pad
pülwing
padding
pillow-case
pülwər
pünd
stage of a canal above a lock
pünding
damming, barrier (for water)
pündən wk. I
to bar, exclude; to block up, jam, clog, stop up, dam up (water)
to poke
püngən wk. I
püramid
pyramid
püramidlik adj.
pyramidal, pyramoid
pürrossïʒr
Pyrrhic victory
to purr
pürrən wk. I
pürtrə
pellitory (of Spain, used for toothache)
pürtən wk. I
to box (the sport)
pürít
pyrite(s)
pütt
pit
püttfallə
pitfall (in literal sense, a concealed pit into which animals or men may fall;
also a trapdoor over a hollow for the capture of birds)
püttl
osprey
pűpil
ward (young person in the charge of a guardian)
pűr
pure
pűrism
purism
pűristə
purist
pűrnes
purity
pűrən wk. I
to purify
pűs adj.
purple-brown
506
pűtən wk. I
pűþon
rabbiən wk. II
rabbí
rabbə
rabisc adj.
rabl
rablən wk. I
rabət
racət
radon
radyo
radyohlað
radyosond
radyum
raff
raflə
raflən wk. I
raftr
rafəld adj.
ragamuffin
ragg
raggi
raggədə
ragú
ragəman
rak
rak2
rakel
rakiən wk. II
rakkón
rakkə
rakkən wk. I
rakl
rakə
rakəntə
rakət
ralyə
ralyən wk. I
ramaylə
ramblən wk. I
ramgallə
ramm
rammən wk. I
ramp
rampart
rampyon
rampən wk. I
rand
to put out (eyes)
python
to have a tantrum, throw a fit
rabbi
tantrum
unruly, turbulent (mob, etc.)
rabble
to speak rapidly, rattle off
young rabbit
ratchet
radon
radio (broadcasting)
radio (set)
radar
radium
riffraff
raffle
to serrate
rafter
serrated
ragamuffin
rag
tattered, shabby
ragged
ragout
rigmarole
reason (= cause, motive, argument)
drifting cloud(s)
rake (dissipated man of fashion)
to rake
racoon
rack (for torture)
to rack (torture)
rough or coarse in action or behaviour
rake
bar (also a chain) pierced with holes to suspend curtains, pots, etc.
(sports) racket
rally
to rally
brushwood
to ramble
ram-gall (plant)
ram; Aries
to ram
ramp
fortification (defensive construction)
rampion
to scratch with paws
rim
507
randbáʒ
randiən wk. II
randon
rang
rangal
rangyəwald
rangən wk. I
rank adj.
ranklən wk. I
rann
rantən wk. I
ranzon
ranzonən wk. I
rappə
rappən wk. I
rapsodya
rascə
raskayl
raspə
raspən wk. I
rassə
rastr
rattən wk. I
raviscən wk. I
prior
ravl
ravlən wk. I
raxing
raxən wk. I
ray
rayfort
raylən wk. I
raymən wk. I
rayƨin
rayƨon
raðə adv.
raʒ
raʒfinc
raʒhår
raħtiən wk. II
raħtyəmót
raƨən wk. I
reccing
that explains something)
reccən wk. I
explanation)
reccənd
reccəndóm
reccərə
shield-strap
to remove the rim or edge from
random
rank (n.)
fan, fanatic
hierarchy
to rank, have a rank
tall
to rankle (mostly in the sense ‘cause bitter feelings’)
love-poem, love-song
to rant
ransom
to ransom
rap
to rap, beat
rhapsody
rash (skin eruption)
drifter (person)
rasp
to rasp
raised mound
screen (in photoengraving, printing); raster
to break up (a fight)
to become carried away with something, go too far, so as to forget something
ravel, run (in socks, hosiery e.g.)
to unravel
gesture
to make a gesture
ray (in sense “one of many lines emanating from a central point”)
horseradish
to rail (at, about, against)
to put to ransom, exact ransom for
raisin
reasonableness, reason, nature (rayƨonəƨ of course, naturally)
shortly, soon
lichen
a kind of finch
grey with lichen
to discuss, dispute
symposium
to barge (into)
account, explanation, reasoning; exposition, story, narrative, account (esp.
to account for, explain, reason (out); expound, recount, tell, narrate (esp. in
one who accounts for, explains, or reasons out; expositor
governance, oversight
#(OE = teacher, ruler, director; interpreter)
508
recnes
recəd
apartment-building, etc.
recədward
rediən wk. II
redung
redur
regé
rejistr
rejistrən wk. I
rejistrər
rejon
rekkə
rekn
rekniən wk. II
reknung
rekord
rekordstüccə
rekordtäppə
rekordən wk. I
rekordərə
rektor
relik
remiən wk. II
remnant
rempən wk. I
precipitate
remulad
rencə
rendriən wk. II
rendrən wk. I
rendən wk. I
rengwürm
renisc adj.
renjə
renjən wk. I
renk
combat, jousting, or racing
renkə
renn
renning
rennəlƨ
rennən wk. I
rentə
rentən wk. I
renyə
renəgat
repl
repsən wk. I
exposition
large building, edifice, as a government, royal, or municipal building, or
janitor, caretaker, (building) custodian
to turn up (at), appear (at)
turnout, attendance
strictness, severity, harshness, harsh treatment, ‘tough love’
reggae
register, record, official or formal list or catalogue
to register, record, enter in an official or formal list
registrar
territory (esp. of an animal)
rack (to hold and display or arrange things)
straightforward; direct (in speech); prompt, quick (in action)
to reckon (and often = infer, deduce, conclude), figure
reckoning (and often = inference, deduction, conclusion)
recording; pictorial record; visual record, recollection
(audio-, video-) clip; (líkrekordstüccə) footage, clip
(recording) tape
to record (sound or visual images)
(tape-, videocassette-) recorder, recording machine
rector, head (of a university or college)
relic
to mend
remnant
to happen or proceed before expected, warranted, needed, or desired;
rémoulade
eminence, grandeur, renown
to peel?
to make out to be, represent (a person’s character or behaviour) as
to rend
tapeworm
flouting convention or custom, avant-garde
range (full extent that is perceptible, known, etc.)
to range (a certain extent or distance, or number, quantity, amount)
(boxing-, wrestling-) ring; (skating-, curling-) rink; hist. space marked out for
height, stature (“tallness”)
race (competition)
racing (competitive)
rennet
to race (competitively, usu. tr. race someone, or intr. be in a race)
revenue
to take in as revenue
cobweb
renegade
radius (of a circle, etc.)
to reprove
509
reskúən
resp
rest
restbedd
restdäy
resthúƨ
restiv adj.
restlik adj.
restláƨ
restyəmånə
restə
restən wk. I
restənyér
retən wk. I
revəryə
rey
reyal
reykpläzə
reykə
reykən wk. I
reyl
reyn
reynboʒə
reyndropə
reyni
reyniən wk. II
reynrift
reynscúr
reynsnäyl
reynung
reynwolkn
reynwätr
reynwürm
reynye̋ t
reyvən wk. I
reyƨiən wk. II
reyƨiəndə adj.
reyƨə
reyƨən wk. I
reðhüydi
reðə adj.
riban
ribawd
ribawdyə
ribb
ribbkodd
ribbspåkə
ribbə
riblə
to rescue
(ecclesiastical) response
rest, repose
“restbed”, couch, small bed
day of rest, Sabbath day
“resthouse”, hostel, day-hospital
restive
static
restless, without rest
cohabitation
the rest, pl. remains
to rest, repose
year of rest from work
to add up (to); be reckoned as
reverie (fantasy)
round dance
regal
promenade (place)
a stroll
to stroll
rail (bar, fence, or of a railway)
rain
rainbow
raindrop
rainy
to set up, erect, set (a trap); to prepare, put in order, set (in advance)
umbrella
rainshower
type of snail that comes out when it rains
set-up, preparation, arranging
raincloud, nimbus cloud
rainwater
earthworm
downpour
to disclose
to raid, foray, make incursions
incursive
raid, foray, incursion
to raise
fair-minded
fair, just, impartial, unprejudiced, unbiased
ribbon
ribald
ribaldry
rib
costal/parietal pleura
brisket
hound’s-tongue, ribwort
rib-flesh, ribs (for eating)
510
riddə
ridl
rift
riftr
riftə
riftən wk. I
rigg
riggən wk. I
rigur
riguruƨ adj.
rillə
rim
rind
rindláƨ
rindən wk. I
rink
rinn
rinning
rinnpokkådl, rinnpokkoðə
rinnələ
rinnən str. III
as “be in operation”)
rinzən wk. I
riplik
riplən wk. I
rippl
etc.)
rippən wk. I
risc
riscbedd
rischalʒ
risciħt adj.
risclák
riscríð
riscþűvl
riscən
rispə
rispən wk. I
rist
rittən wk. I
riv
riviən wk. II
rivl
rivling
rivliən wk. II
rivlung
rivləd
rivyər
riwlhåwərə
knight (mounted man-at-arms serving the king)
jalousie
screen
reaping-hook
rift
to protect, hide, or conceal with a screen
rig
to rig
rigour
rigorous
small narrow trench
crossbar
rind; envelopment, outside, skin (in fig. senses); cortex (of an organ)
having no rind or exterior layer, exposed
to peel
officer (in the military or police)
(a) run
running
chicken pox
rivulet
to run (in senses “go fast” and “flow” and figurative meanings of these such
to rinse
anomalous
to scratch lightly
isolated patch of vegetation (usu. bushes in a wasteland, desert, on rocky land,
to shred
rush (plant)
bed of rushes
rushy secluded spot
thick with rushes
rush leek/rush garlic
rushy brook
bunch of rushes
made of rushes
the serrated (graduated) pole of a jack (for lifting) or similar contrivance
to raise or lower on a rispə
a rise (in the ground, in prices, etc.)
to dig a line in the soil
reef of a sail
to reef (a sail)
corrugation (wrinkle, fold)
shoe or sandal made of raw hide
to corrugate
corrugation (process)
corrugated
floodplain, intervale
alidad, alidade
511
riwlə
straight line, straight edge, rule (= straight edge)
riwlən wk. I
to align
riynən wk. I
to rain
rið
indulgence, favour
riħtbred
measure, rule, square (for measuring and adjusting)
riħting
correction, adjustment
riħtingþréd
plumb-line; string used to set a straight line
riħtnes
correction
riħtən wk. I
to correct, set right, set straight, adjust
riħtənd
one who corrects or sets right, corrector, teacher
riħtərə
one who settles or sets right (wrongs, grievances, etc.), redresser, vindicator
riƨm
head of oats, stalk of grain
rob
robbery, mugging
robot
robot
robən wk. I
to rob, mug
robber
robərə
rocə
(geological) dike or intrusive stratum
rocət
rochet
rodd
baton
rodr
sky, heavens (esp. bright daytime sky, as opposed to hëvn used for the night
sky as well as heaven, and skű used for overcast sky, cloud cover)
rodrbërħt adj.
heavenly bright
rodrhláping
skydiving
rodrküng
sky-king
rodrlik adj.
heavenly, celestial, of the sky/heavens
rodrle̋ ħtung
dawn
rodrsfa̋ r
stratosphere
rodrstól
heavenly throne
rodrtorħt adj.
heavenly splendid
rodrtungl
star visible in the daytime sky
rodyum
rhodium
to upset deeply, cause to be shaken (by some event)
roggiən wk. II
rokk
jacket
rokket
rocket
rokki
rocky
rokkiən wk. II
to rock (a child, a crib, a boat)
rokkə
rock (= large, often protruding mass of stone)
2
rokkə
distaff (sense 2 in OED; distev = sense 1)
rokkədúvə
rock-dove, rock-pigeon
rokkətən
to belch (esp. fig.)
rollə
roll (of fabric, tobacco, paper, etc.)
rollən wk. I
to roll, trill (r’s)
romant
romance (literary work or style)
romantisc
romantic (pertaining to the literary style)
Romanz
Romance languages
Romanzisc
Romance
romb
rhombus
romp
romp
rompən wk. I
to romp
512
rond adj.
rondl
panel, etc.
rondən wk. I
ronzi
ropp
roppwärk
roskə
rot
rotiən wk. II
rotung
rotən adj.
rowk
rowki adj.
rown
rowp
rowpən wk. I
rowst
rowstlik
rowstən wk. I
rowtən wk. I
rowð
roylən wk. I
roynisc adj.
roðhund
roʒiən wk. II
roƨ
roƨbedd
roƨi
roƨáryə
roƨə
roƨən
rubbiən wk .II
rubl
rubric
rubuƨ
rud
rudd
rudduk
rudi
parts, cockscomb, etc.)
rudines
rudiən wk. II
rudl
rudnən wk. I
ruffə
rufl
ruflən wk. I
rufyan
round
circular object, esp. a table, mat, trencher, shield, disk, plate, medallion,
to make round, round (off)
rockinghorse (child’s toy)
food in the process of digesting, ‘bolus’
colic
crisp refired piece of bread
rot
to rot, putrefy
rotting, putrefaction
rotten
visibly polluted air, smog
smoggy
rowan-tree
auction
to sell at auction; to auction (off)
exclamation (< Scand)
exclamatory
to exclaim, shout
to blare, blast (music, talking from a microphone or in public speaking)
exuberant
to wander aimlessly, be erratic
run-down, shabby, dilapidated; overgrown; overrun with pests
mastiff
to flourish
the scaly outer portion of bark
rose-bed
rosy
rosary (of prayers, of beads)
rose
made of roses
to skirt
rubble
rubric
ruins
rouge (red cosmetic)
the spawn of frogs or toads
robin
flushed (cheeks), reddish or pinkish from increased blood flow (of other body
flushedness (of cheeks), reddishness, pinkishness (from increased blood flow)
to be flushed, reddish, or pinkish (from increased blood flow)
ruddle, red ochre
to become red
ruff
ruffle (ornament)
to ruffle
ruf
513
rugg
dishevelled or tousled hair
ruggi
dishevelled, tousled
ruggədə
rugged; primitive, harsh (way of living, as of early settlers)
ruggən wk. I
to pull forcibly or violently, tug or tear forcibly or violently
ruk
rook (chesspiece)
rukl
a gargling or rattle in the voice, as when choking or dying
ruklən wk. I
to gargle or rattle in the voice, as when choking or dying
rum
rum
to rumble
rumblən wk. I
rumplən wk. I
to rumple
rumpə
rump
rundl
roundel
runkən wk. I
to speak covertly about someone
runl
runny; slimy; yucky, disgusting
runt
runt of a litter
rusc
rush (of water, wind), sound of rushing water, wind, etc.
ruscən wk .I
to rush, make the sound of rushing (of water, wind, and fig.)
ruskən wk. I
to disturb violently, shake violently, tug, tear
Russisc adj.
Russian
Russland
Russia
rusət
russet
rut
rut (track of a wheeled vehicle, and fig.)
rutlən wk. I
to warble the uvula, make a rattling in the throat
rutyər
ruttier
ruyt
rut (sexual heat of males)
August
Ruʒərn
ruħħə
ray (fish)
rá pl. ráƨ
sailyard (esp. one from which flags etc. hang); erection (of the penis), hardon,
boner
rábarb
rhubarb
rácən wk. I
to tear (up, out, away), pull (up, out, away), draw (nail), uproot (tree), pull
out, extract (tooth, promise); ədúnrácən tear down (poster)
rád adj.
red
rád
a small trench or furrow
rádbaƨu adj.
reddish purple
rádcípə
red onion
rádfåʒ adj.
red of hue
rádgavl
rent paid in one payment
rádglówəndə
red-hot
rádgoldlävr
?(OE = plating of (red) gold)
rádhåt
red-hot
rádiən wk. II
to be or become red
rádkawl
red cabbage
rádlesc
?(OE = painted red with ochre)
rádlik adj.
reddish
rádláv
red-leafed
rádnes
redness
rádstån
red ochre
rádstëlədə
red-stalked
514
rádwud
redwood
rádwín
red wine
rádþe̋ r
tonsilitis
rádə
tonsil
2
rádə
red colour
rájə
craze, (all the) rage
rájən wk. I
to be all the rage
rák
vein of ore, lode
rál
rail (bird)
rám
cream
rámwín
a kind of wine (vin crémant)
rámə
framework, skeleton (of a thing)
rán
heist; stick-up, hold-up
colza, coleseed (plant, Brassica campestris oleifera)
rápə
rár adj.
thin (in density, numbers)
rárən wk. I
to rarefy, attenuate, make thinner (in density, numbers)
rátə
rate (amount or quantity relative to something else), ratio
rátən wk. I
to berate
ráv
plunder, booty, spoil; article of clothing
ráviən wk. II
to plunder, ravage
plunderer, ravager
ráviənd
rávl adj.
rapacious
rávlnes
rapacity
rávlåk
depredation
rávung
spoliation, plundering, ravaging
rávərə
plunderer, ravager (one who does it as a profession)
rázən wk. I
to eradicate (fig.)
ráð
advice, counsel
ráðlik adj.
advisable
ráðən (pret. réð, réðən) str. VII to advise, counsel (ON rāða, in Orminn raþenn)
advisor, counsellor
ráðərə
ráƨ
a run, (act of) running; onward movement of a vehicle or heavenly body; rush
of water; strong current; ráƨ takən start running
ráƨlik adj.
speedy, quick
on the double, quickly
ráƨlikə adv.
ráƨscó
running shoe, sneaker; råƨscóƨ running shoes, sneakers
ráƨstrang adj.
strong in running
ráƨswift adj.
swift in running
ráƨwäyn
swift vehicle
ráƨən wk. I
to race = go uncontrollably fast
rå pl. rån
roebuck
råbukkə
young roebuck
råbə
robe
råcə
roach
råd
riding, ride
rådbréc
riding breeches
rådherə
cavalry
rådhors
riding-horse
515
rådhwe̋ l
ridden wheeled vehicle, as a bicycle, tricycle, unicycle, motorcycle, moped,
etc.
rådkempə
horse-soldier
rådknëħt
tenant holding land on condition of performing service on horseback
rådlást
riding boot
rådmann
horseman
rådmäyn
force of riders
rådstedə
roadstead (place where ships may safely and conveniently lie at anchor near
the shore) (< rīdan in sense ‘ride the waves’)
rådwïʒə
mounted warrior, horse-soldier
̋
råder
roe(deer)
råheyə
deer-fence
råmiən wk. II
to roam
råp
rope
råpgenjə
rope-dancer
råpinkl
small rope, cord, string
råplik adj.
of rope
råpərə
ropemaker (and seller)
råriən wk. II
to roar
rårung
roaring
bittern
rårədumblə
råst
toast
råsthlað
toaster
råstən wk. I
to toast
råtə
rote
to rove, range (the countryside, e.g.)
råvən wk. I
råvərə
rover; ranger (of the forest, etc.)
råw
sequence, series, succession
råwlik adj.
serial
råwméləm adv.
one after another, seriatim
råwtal
serial (novel, magazine)
to succeed one after the other; to line up, queue up
råwən str. VII
råƨiən wk. II
to explore
råƨung
exploration
voyage of discovery
råƨunglid
råƨətən wk. I
to rustle, rush, roar (of various natural sounds)
räccə
setter (dog)
räd
early (before the expected time)
räft
a framework of boards used to shelter from the rain or wind (as in mining)
ränn
relatively small building, as on a farm or homestead; house, hut, shack, shed,
barn, hangar
rännsakən wk. I
to ransack
rännward
1) estate overseer or manager; 2) overseer, manager, or head workman on a
farm, farm-bailiff; but in both uses with the original meaning “building-warden” still palpable
rännþeyn
house-officer
räsc
active, energetic
räscən wk. I
to be in motion, move
räscətən wk. I
to crackle (of flames, lightning)
räst
halt (n.)
516
rästən wk. I
rätt
rävndlik
rävnən wk. I
räwmə
räy
räð
räƨn
ra̋ cing
ra̋ cən wk. I
ra̋ də adj.
ra̋ dən wk. I
ra̋ dəƨ adv.
ra̋ kən wk. I
ra̋ l adj.
ra̋ lté
ra̋ lwőnə, ra̋ llår
ra̋ lwőnənd
ra̋ miən wk. I
ra̋ mə
ra̋ pling
ra̋ plingward
ra̋ pən wk. I
ra̋ pətən wk. I
ra̋ rən wk. I
ra̋ w
ra̋ whúƨ
ra̋ wən wk. I
ra̋ yə
ra̋ðə
ra̋ðəƨmann (pl. -menn)
réc
récing
récən wk. I
something; care to do something
récən wk. I
réd
rédbanə
rédblind
rédblindnes
rédborə
rédfindən str. III
rédful
rédfäst
rédfästnes
rédgevənd
rédgift
rédhücgəndə adj.
réding
to halt
rat
feasible, practical
to put into effect
realm, sphere, domain (in fig. senses), field (of study, enterprise, work)
ryegrass
prompt, quick, a short time away, not long from the moment
wall-plate, raising-piece
reaching (out, for)
to reach (out, for)
ready, finished; in order, ordered; functioning, operative, operational
to ready, prepare; to put in order; to make operative or operational
already
to hand, pass (the bread, the ball, e.g.)
real
reality
realism
realist
to stretch oneself after sleep on rising
ream (of paper)
prisoner, criminal (bound with a rope)
warder
to bind or fetter with rope, capture or enslave with rope
to wind round with rope
to rear, raise (animals, livestock); bring up (children)
row, file; on ånfaldəm ra̋ wə in single file; in tandem
rowhouse
to arrange in a row or rows
roe(-deer)
legal counsel; (legal) consultation, talks (< root of ráðən, to advise, counsel)
legal counsel
scent
vaporization; sublimation
to care about, have interest in; care for, want something offered, care to have
to vaporize; to sublimate
plan, course of action, strategy, scheme, idea; suggestion
accessory to a murder
dyslexic
dyslexia
counsellor, councillor
to find ideas or strategies
having a plan, strategy, course of action, idea, etc.; wise, smart, resourceful
reasonable, sensible, intelligent (choice, decision, counsel, etc.)
reasonableness
adviser, counsellor
(piece of) advice, suggestion, idea
able to come up with ideas, suggestions, strategies, etc., problem-solving
reading
517
rédingbók
lectionary, book of the lessons
rédlik
expedient; strategic
rédláƨ
not knowing what to do
rédnes
resolution; decision; declaration, decree, statement
rédscaml
reading-desk, desk
rédsnotr
shrewd, astute, wise, sage
rédwïtə
councillor
rédyift
advisory body
deliberation, consultation, discussion
rédyəþäħt
rédþaħtiən wk. II
to deliberate, take counsel, discuss
rédþaħtung
deliberation, consultation, discussion
rédə
reading, lesson (the latter only in sense “portion of a text to be read and
learned by students, division of a textbook to be learned, portion of a text or textbook to be learned in one
sitting” -- for sense “teaching, learning, what is taught or learned in one sitting”, see lezon and la̋ rə)
rédəlƨ
enigma; riddle; puzzle
rédən str. VII (pret. rërd(ən)) to read
rédən
condition, circumstance; condition, proviso
rédənd
reader
rédənful
conditional, circumstantial
rédənlik
legible
reader, lector (ecclesiastical order)
rédərə
rédəstrə
female reader
rédəƨmann
idea-man, strategist, advisor
rék
anything emitted into the air: vapour; visible breath, exhalation; smoke;
fumes; steam; emission(s)
réki adj.
vaporous
réking
emission
réknən wk. I
to evaporate
réknəndlik adj.
volatile (substance)
rékəlƨ
incense
censer
rékəlƨfät
rékəlƨiən wk. II
to perfume with incense
rékəlƨre̋ kə
burning of incense
rén
strip of wooded or unploughed land between fields, ‘rain’
répən wk. I
to snatch something from, rob in passing
rérik
a growth of reeds, reed-bed
rérə
arrears
réstən wk. I
to exult, rejoice, cheer
révən wk. I
to pass (a rope, etc.) through a hole
réƨ
rush (motion)
réƨborə
leader, chieftain
réƨlə
answer, solution
réƨlən wk. I
to solve, arrive at a solution or answer, figure out
réƨw
suggestion, idea
réƨwing
conjecture; guess; supposition
réƨwisc adj.
presidential
réƨwlik adj.
conjectural
réƨwə
president, leader
réƨwən wk. I
to conjecture; to suppose, guess
518
réƨən wk. I
to rush; to rush upon, to attack
rëgbi
rugby
rëkən str. V
to move (in a straight line), go, proceed, advance
rëpən str. V
to get in return, obtain or procure (esp. some profit, benefit, or advantage) for
oneself, to gain, acquire
rëpəndə adj.
lucrative
rërd
hubbub, uproar, clamor, tumult, commotion (caused by people or animals)
rërdiən wk. II
to clamor, raise a hubbub, uproar, tumult, or commotion, be noisy (of people
or animals)
rërdsum
obstreperous
rëʒl
rule (of correct behaviour or action), monastic or ecclesiastical rule
rëʒlbrücə
breach of rules
rëʒlfäst
adhering to rules, rigid, strict
rëʒliən wk. II
to regulate
rëʒllaʒ
monastic or ecclesiastical law
according to rules, canonical
rëʒllik
rëʒllív
life according to monastic or ecclesiastical rules
rëʒlstikkə
ruler (instrument), straightedge, measuring-stick
rëʒlsum adj.
regular
rëʒlsumnes
regularity
regulation
rëʒlung
rëʒlward
head of a cloister
rëʒlþáw
discipline
rëħt adj.
(morally) right; proper, due, deserved; lawful; honest, upright,
straightforward; adv. rëħtə rightly, duly, truly, properly, fairly, justly, correctly
rectitude, lawfulness, propriety; honesty, uprightness, straightforwardness
rëħt2, rëħtnes
rëħtandswar
retort, reproof
rëħtdédə
actual perpetrator
rëħtdóm
just judgment
rëħtdónd adj.
doing what is right
right order
rëħtendbürdnes
rëħtfremməndə adj.
acting rightly
rëħtful
rightful, legitimate
rëħtfädərənkünn
direct paternal descent or pedigree
duly ordained fast
rëħtfästərn
rëħtfästərndäy
duly appointed fast-day
rëħtfästərntíd
duly appointed time of fasting
rëħtgift
irrevocable gift
rëħtgildə
duly appointed member of a guild
rëħthlåvərd
rightful master (of a household)
rëħthlåvərddóm
lawful authority as master of a household
rëħthlåvərdhüldə
due devotion or loyalty to a master of a household
rëħthåmscildə
legal means of protection to a homestead
rëħthåmsókn
lawful visitation in one’s house
rëħtha̋ md
lawful cohabitation
rëħthërt
righteous
rëħthíwə
lawful consort
rëħthürni
rectangular
rëħthürnə
rectangle
519
rëħtkwőn
rëħtküng
rëħtkünkünn
rëħtkünn
rëħtlaʒ
rëħtlik
rëħtliðlik
rëħtlår
rëħtla̋ cing
rëħtla̋ cən wk. I
rëħtla̋ rd
rëħtlécə
rëħtlív
rëħtlívlåd
rëħtmunuk
rëħtmétrvers
rëħtmődrənkünn
rëħtnamə
rëħtnes
rëħtrak
rëħtreccən wk. I
rëħtrëʒl
rëħtrünə
rëħtscilling
rëħtscoti
rëħtscriftscír
rëħtscrívənd
rëħtscüttə adj.
rëħtsinscepə
rëħtsmáyung
rëħtspell
rëħtspelling
rëħtstemn
rëħtswink
rëħttíd
rëħttímə
rëħtwer
rëħtwey
rëħtwilləndə adj.
rëħtwirðə
rëħtwrítərə
rëħtwuldriəndə adj.
rëħtwísdóm
rëħtwív
rëħtwíƨ
rëħtwíƨiən wk. II
rëħtwíƨnes
rëħtwíƨung
rëħtwíƨə adv.
lawful wife of the king
lawful king
legitimate royal family
true stock
regular legal ordinance
moral, ethical
articulate
orthodoxy
rectification
to rectify
orthodox
duly qualified physician
moral life
right way of life
true monk
correct hexameter verse
direct mother’s line
correct name
rightness, rectitude, equity
just reason (for doing something)
to tell aright, report accurately
right rule, canon
right course, correct course
shilling of sterling money
sure of aim
properly assigned district of a confessor, parish
jurisconsult
sure of aim
lawful wedlock
proper scrutiny
true tidings
orthography
ordinary voice, normal voice
lawful work or labour
right time (for something)
correct time (as of a clock or watch)
lawful husband
right way
wishing to do right
deserving
correct writer
orthodox (church)
jurisprudence, knowledge of the law
lawful wife
learned in the law, legally knowledgeable, jurisprudent
to direct aright
legal knowledge
direction, guidance
according to the law
520
rëħtyəbrőðr
brethren
rëħtyəfremd
#(OE = catholic, orthodox)
rëħtyəfőy
proper fit
rëħtyəhåtən str. VII
to pledge oneself, swear
rëħtyəhíwən
lawfully married persons
rëħtyəlávful
orthodox (person)
rëħtyəlávlik
orthodox (religion, belief, view)
rëħtyəlávə
orthodox belief or religion
rëħtyəlévəndə adj.
believing rightly, faithful
rëħtyəmet
proper measure
rëħtyəmäccə
lawful mate
rëħtyəma̋ rə
lawful boundary
rëħtyəscåd
right argument, right point
rëħtyəsetnes
right ordinance
rëħtyəsett
duly appointed, canonical
right mind
rëħtyəwitt
rëħtyəwitti
in one’s right mind
rëħtyəwrit
orthography
rëħtyəþankədə
right-minded
rëħtåndaʒə
proper (fixed) day
true nobility
rëħtäðələ
̋
rëħtaw
lawful wedlock
rëħtþëw
lawful slave
rëħtümbrən
duly appointed Embertide
rëħtümbrəndaʒəƨ
duly appointed Ember days
right, due, straight (of direction, as in “right on”, “due east”, “go straight
rëħtəs adv.
(on)”); directly, right, immediately
rëħħə
jellyfish
rëƨən
resin from coniferous trees
re̋ d adj.
ruddy, red-complexioned
̋
‘faseacus’ (bird)
redmúðə
re̋ dən str. II
to redden; to stain with blood; to flush (of the face, with blood)
̋
rek adj.
uncivilized, crude, rude, uncouth
re̋ kən str. II
to emit vapour (also fumes, steam, or smoke), to exhale (esp. visibly)
fuming, steaming, smoking; exhaling (esp. visibly)
re̋ kəndə adj.
re̋ mə
ligament
re̋ n
dreariness
re̋ ni adj.
dreary
re̋ nimód
depressed, sad, miserable, sombre, sullen, sulky, moping
̋
reniən wk. II
to conspire, plot
re̋ nung
conspiracy, plot
̋
rest
mouldboard
re̋ ti
mournful
re̋ tən str. II
to mourn (intr.)
re̋ vən str. II
to rupture
re̋ w adj.
savage
re̋ wnes
savagery
rícdóm
domain
rícfultəm
subsidy
521
ríchåd
ríciən wk. II
ríckünn
ríclik
ríclı̋ də
rícyəmercə
rícyərek
rícə adj.
rícə2
rícətr
rídən str. I
rídənd
rídərə
rífl
ríflən wk. I
ríkiən wk. II
ríklëðə
ríkə
ríkə2
rím
rímiən wk. II
rímkräft
rímkräfti
rímkräftyə
rímə
rímən wk. I
rímərə
rín
rínozerós
ríotur
ríotuƨ
ríotə
ríp
ríping
rípiən wk. II
rípmann (pl. -menn)
rípnes
ríptíd
rípung
rípð
rípíƨərn
rípə adj.
rípən str. I
rípərə
rít
rívə adj.
rívən str. I
ríx
ríxiən wk. II
statehood
to become rich or powerful
aristocratic pedigree
sumptuous
the aristocracy
territorial limit, fishing limits, territorial waters
federal government, national government
powerful, ruling; rich; aristocratic, of high status or rank
realm, dominion; state (in political senses)
tyranny
to ride (in all modern English senses)
rider
equestrian
rifle
to rifle
to reign
interregnum
reign
influential man
count, total, sum
to rhyme
arithmetic
skilled in arithmetic
one skilled at figures
a rhyme, rhyming verses
to count
counter, reckoner; accountant
water-furrow
rhinoceros
rioter
riotous
riot
harvest
reaping
to ripen
man hired for the harvest
ripeness, maturity
time for harvest
ripening
ripeness, maturity
sickle
ripe, mature
to harvest, reap
reaper
rite
rife, overabundant, overfrequent
to rip
rule (over people)
to rule
522
ríxərə
ruler
ríð
brook
ríði
streamlet
ríƨ
rice
ríƨing
rising; gradient
ríƨwín
ricewine, saké
ríƨən str. I
to rise
rïdiən wk. II
to sort
rïmə
edge (= border, limit), verge
rïplik
anomalous
rïpə
outlier; anomaly (originally “handful of grain”, then “last handful of grain
remaining to be harvested”, “one remaining separated from the rest”)
rïƨədə
menstrual flow; ðät rïƨədən ye̋ tən menstruate
ró
nap (light sleep)
ród
cross (especially for hanging), crucifix, rood; rood (land measure)
ródborə
cross-bearer
ródbígenjə
worshipper of the cross
ródfasniən wk. II
to crucify
ródhenjən
crucifixion
ródtåkn
sign of the cross
deserving crucifixion
ródwirðə adj.
ródwërðiənd
cross-worshipper
Róm
Rome
Rómfe̋ , -yəskot, -penning
Rome-penny, Romescot, Peter’s pence
rómiən wk. II
to set one’s sights upon, intend to get
a Roman (of the Roman Empire)
Rómwalʒ
Rómwərə pl.
Romans (inhabitants of Rome)
Rómánisc adj.
adj. Roman (of the Roman Empire)
Rómánə pl.
Romans (of the Roman Empire)
rómən wk. I
to talk loudly
rón wk. I
to nap, sleep lightly
róp adj.
liberal
rópnes
liberality
róstiən wk. II
to dry (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, etc.) in the sun, often on a rack
rót adj.
happy
rót
root
rótfäst
firmly established (‘root-fast’)
róthwíl
space of time for pleasure
rótiən wk. II
to root out
rótlik adj.
radical
rótnes
happiness
róv adj.
great (not in sense ‘large’), heroic
róv
set, array, collection
rów
peace and quiet, freedom from noise or disturbance; peace of mind, freedom
form worry or trouble
rówi, rówful
peaceful, quiet, undisturbed; at peace, having peace of mind, untroubled
rówing
rowing
rówiən wk. II
to calm (down), pacify, sedate
rówiənd
sedative (n. and adj.)
523
równes
a rowing, voyage by rowing
rówən str. VII
to row
rówənd
rower
rówət
boat or ship powered by rowing
róziən wk. II
to relieve (of doubts, fear, sorrow)
rózung
relief (reassurance, gladness, making glad)
róðr
oar, scull
róðrbläd
oar-blade
róðrlok
oarlock, rowlock
róðrwiþþə
oar-thong
rökklást
recklessness, thoughtlessness, carelessness, incaution, disregard, etc.
rökkláƨ
reckless, thoughtless, unthinking, careless, incautious, unconcerned,
disregardful, unmindful
to take care (to)
rökkən wk. I
röntgen
x-ray
röntgenlíkə
x-ray (image)
röyrhwal
rorqual
röytən wk. I
to spoil by exposure to wet (of hay, etc.) or by soaking
rők
care (about, for), interest, concern, consideration; a taste for
rőkláƨ adj.
uncaring
happiness; pleasure, delight
rőtə
rőtən wk. I
to make happy, please, delight
rőtənd
something or someone that makes happy, pleases, or delights; entertainment,
game, toy, hobby, pleasure; pleasant or entertaining person, comedian; any source of joy or happiness
rőði adj.
compassionless, ruthless, hard (opp. of lenient)
violent, deadly, dangerous
rőðlik adj.
rőðnes
severity, cruelty, ruthlessness, harshness; ferocity; storminess;
rőðrə
rower
rőðscepə
fury, rage
rőðə adj.
terrible, dreadful (thing, condition); ruthless, fierce, severe, cruel, harsh
(person); ferocious (animal); bad, stormy (weather)
ferocious
rőðən adj.
rőðən wk. I
to have or treat with no compassion, be hard on; to rage (storm, weather)
rú
coarse (opp. fine)
rúdə
rue (bitter herb)
rúlad
roulade
rúlet
roulette
rúm
space, room
rúm adj.
large, ample, broad, vast, all-encompassing; unrestricted, unfettered,
unobstructed, clear, open, free, liberal
rúmgevənd
bountiful giver
rúmgevəndə adj.
bountiful
rúmgevəndənes
profusion
rúmgift
bounty
rúmgål
revelling in release from confinement (Noah’s dove)
rúmhërt adj.
large-hearted, generous
rúmhërtnes
generosity, liberality
rúmi
spacious, roomy; loose(-fitting), baggy
rúmiən wk. II
to become clear (of obstructions, people, objects)
524
rúmlik adj.
rúmmód adj.
rúmmódlik adj.
rúmmódmann
rúmmódnes
rúmnes
rúmwällə adj.
rún
rúniən wk. II
rúniəndə adj.
rúnkovə
rúnkräfti
rúnlik adj.
rúnstav
rúnung
rúnword
rúnwïtə
rúnərə
rúsl
rúslən wk. I
rúst
rústi
rústiən wk. II
rút
rútabaggə
rútiən wk. II
rútə
rútən wk. I
rúwə
rúʒ
rúƨən wk. I
rúələ
rúət
rüddən wk. I
rüdn
rüdriən wk. II
rüft
rüftən wk. I
rünl
rünlikə adv.
rünlə
rünning
rünyə
rünþråʒ
rünə
rüplən
rüppən wk. I
rütt
rüyə
spatial
liberal, lavish
liberal (politically)
libertarian
liberality, lavishness
breadth, vastness, space; room, freedom, opportunity, ease
#(OE = spacious)
a secret
to tell a secret (to someone dat.), tell secretly, whisper, murmur (secretly)
telling secrets, whispering secretly
chamber of secrets (in OE an epithet for the breast or bosom)
skilled at keeping secrets
secret, confidential, private
rune
secret whispering
secret word, “password” (as for entrance to a private congregation)
private counsellor or adviser
whisperer, tale-bearer
whoosh
to whoosh
rust
rusty
to rust
pack (of wild animals)
rutabaga
to roar (of the sea, wind, etc.)
route
to hunt or travel in a pack
tapestry, covering
rough; coarse (of cloth)
to cause (an animal) to emerge from cover or lair
rowel
winter grass
to clear, open up (land)
some plant
to blush
rupture
to come up, reflux (of acid from the stomach, or the contents of the stomach)
artificial channel, watercourse, mill-stream
on the double, quickly
runner, messenger
bacterial culture for cheese or yogurt
liquid that runs off?
stage, phase; run; period
run, onward course; operation, functioning; flux, flow, stream; course of life
(OE = “made of broom”)
to snag
rubbish for burning, underwood
rye
525
rüyən
rüƨl
rüƨlwärk
rüþm
rüþþə
rűbi
rűd
rűmur
rűmð
rűmən wk. I
rűmət
accommodation
rűni
rűnlik
rűnmann (pl. -menn)
rűnə
rűping
rűpə
rűpən wk. I
rűpərə
rűwə
rűƨə
rűƨən wk. I
rűən wk. I
rədút
Rəforming
rəformən wk. I
rəfrayn
rəfraynən wk. I
rəfreynən wk. I
rəherzing
rəherzən wk. I
rəlay
rəlayən wk. I
rəlentláƨ adj.
rəlentən wk. I
rəlijon
rəlijuƨ
rəlátlik
rəlátnes
rəlátən wk. I
rəlázyon
rəléf
rəmordən wk. I
rəma̋ də
rəneyən wk. I
rənún
rəpayrən wk. I
rəplevin
made of rye
lard
abdominal pain
rhythm
large dog, esp. used as a guard-dog or police-dog
ruby
rude
rumour
extent, amplitude
to vacate, evacuate, clear (the way, a room)
room (as in “do you have room for another?”, “make room”, “find room”),
undetectable, undetected, elusive
mystic(al) (adj.)
mystic (noun)
mystic rite
looting
loot
to loot
looter
rug
false turn, so as to evade someone or something; ruse, trick, stratagem
to pretend to go in a certain direction so as to evade someone or something
to rage, groan loudly
redoubt
Reformation
to reform (politically, etc.)
refrain of a song; (guitar) riff
to sing a refrain
to refrain, abstain
rehearsal; (opera) recital
to rehearse
relay
to relay
relentless
to relent
religion
religious
relative (to)
relativity
to relate (to)
relation
relief (of the land, on a map)
to cause remorse
remedy
to deny the truth of something
renown
to resort to (a locale), visit, frequent
replevin
526
rəplét
rəpríƨə
rəpríƨən wk. I
rəpárən wk. I
rəpűnən wk. I
rəsort
rəvű
rəward
rəwardiən wk .II
rəwayn
rəzeyt
saban
when these are not in use
sabbaþ
sadiən wk. II
of something, pall
sadl
sadlboʒə
sadlbërħt adj.
sadlfelʒ
sadliən wk. II
Saducé
Saducéisc adj.
saftriən wk. II
saggar
saggən wk. I
sak
sakiən wk. II
sakk
sakkarin
sakkbrőc
sakking
sakklåð
sakláƨ adj.
sakrament
sakən str. VI
sakərd
sakərdbanə
sakərdhåd
sakərdland
sakərdlik adj.
sakərdyəriƨnə adj.
saladə
salaryə
salaðl
salbådəƨ
saldlik adj.
saldnes
sallətən wk. I
replete
reprise; recoup
to recoup
to restore to a former condition
to be contradictory or inconsistent
(tourist) resort
revue
compensation; redress
to compensate (someone), redress
second growth or crop of grass or hay in a season
receipt (piece of paper)
tablecloth (esp. when not eating); cloth or spread for couches, chairs, etc. esp.
weekend; (Yúdsabbaþ) Sabbath
to become full (from eating), become sated; to become tired, weary, or fed up
saddle
saddle-bow
with ornamented saddle
pommel of a saddle
to saddle
Sadducee
Sadducean
to run (of the nose)
saggar
to sag
fault, responsibility (for error, mishap, wrong, sin, etc.)
to wrangle
sack
saccharine
knickerbockers, bloomers
sack filled with straw used as a bed; any similar object used as a bed
sackcloth
blameless, free of responsibility (for misfortune or wrong), innocent
sacrament(s)
to blame, put responsibility for wrong or misfortune on
pagan priest
priest-killer
priesthood
land allotted to priests
sacerdotal, priestly
befitting a priest
salad
salary
sales profit, profit on sales
sales prospects, sales expectations, projected sales
saleable, vendible
merchandise
to sing psalms, play on or sing to the harp
527
salm
salmbók
salmglı̋ w
salmiən wk. II
salmkwidə
salmlov
salmloviən wk. II
salmle̋ ð
salmonella
salmsang
salmsangmérƨung
salmsangərə
salmscop
salmtraħt
salmtäl
salmwürħtə
salpetr
salsa
salscalk
salskatt
salstedə
salt
saltbrók
saltfät
salthaʒə
saltherpäð
salthålʒung
salthúƨ
salti adj.
saltijə
saltines
saltiən wk. II
down
saltkït
saltláv
saltmerə
saltstrét
saltstån
saltsáð
saltung
saltwällə
saltwík
saltűð
saltən adj.
saltən str. VII
saltərn
saltərə
salu adj.
salubrún adj.
psalm
psalter, service-book containing the psalms
psalmody
to play an accompaniment on the harp
saying of a psalm
psalm of praise
to sing psalms of praise
psalm-song
salmonella
singing of psalms
celebration in psalms
psalm-singer, psalmist
psalmist
exposition of psalms
number of psalms
psalmist
saltpetre
salsa (dance)
sales clerk, shop assistant
sales tax
sales outlet
salt
saltwater brook (as from a salt-works)
saltshaker
robin redbreast?
road to salt-works
consecration of salt
salthouse
salty, salt, saline
woman who dances about
saltiness, saltness
to dance non-formally or unrehearsedly, dance about, jump about or up and
salted meat, cured meat
“mozicia”
saltwater lake, brackish lake
road to salt-works
pillar of (rock-)salt
saltwater well
(non-formal, unrehearsed) dancing, jumping about or up and down
salt-well
place where salt is sold
sea-wave
salted, salt (fish, meat, etc.)
to salt, cure with salt
salt-works
salter, salt-dealer
dingy
dingy brown
528
salunebb
of a dark (brownish) complexion
salupåd
having dark plumage
salv
(medicinal) cream, salve
salvbox
salve-box
salviən wk. II
to salve, apply salve or (medicinal) cream to
salvkünn
variety of salve
salvlécnung
curing by salves or creams
salvyə
scarlet sage
salwi adj.
discoloured by age
salwəd adj.
darkened, darker than surrounding surface
salyə
sally, sortie
salyən wk. I
to sally
salyərə
saltcellar
salʒ
low-growing or shrubby species of willow; pussywillow?
salʒhangrə
willow(above species)-hanger
willow(above species)-covered hillock
salʒhürst
salʒrind (also salʒbark)
willow(above species)-bark
salʒtrod
track with willows(above species) (?)
salón
salon, drawing-room
salə
sale
sam adj.
equal; as prefix, in addition to indicating equality, can also indicate the
notion of fellowship (being equals)
samald adj.
of equal age
samblissiən wk. II
to be of equal good cheer
samblíðə adj.
equally merry
of equal birth
samborən adj.
sambråd adj.
equally expansive, equally broad
sambërħt adj.
equally bright
sambürdə adj.
of equally high social status
sambəhővə adj.
equally appropriate
fellow citizens
samcästrwərə pl.
samde̋ rə adj.
equally precious
samedwistlik adj.
equally consistent
sameƨnə
fellow labourer
to compensate in equal measure
samfrővrən wk. I
samfël quasi-adj.
just as much, just as many
samfërr adj.
equidistant
samgód adj.
equally good
samgülti adj.
equally guilty
samhlétə adj.
receiving an equal lot, share, or fortune
samhle̋ ðr
harmonic union of sounds or voices (especially for an audience), harmony
samhle̋ ðriən wk. II
to sing or sound together (for an audience)
samhlüttə
one who shares (usu. equally) in a lot, share, or fortune
samhwemmlik
equiangular
samhádə, samhádling
an equal, peer
samháp
band of comrades
samháʒ adj.
equally high
samhåd
equality, equal dignity or rank, position of equality
samhådə
an equal in rank or dignity
529
samhåli adj.
samha̋tlínə
samhëlr
samhërt adj.
personality, etc.)
samhërtnes
samhı̋ w
samhı̋ wnes
samhóv
samhóvlik adj.
samiən wk. II
samkempə
samkumən str. IV
samlang adj.
samlik adj.
samliknes
samling
samla̋ cing
samla̋ cən wk. I
samla̋ cənd
samla̋ cərə
samla̋ cəstrə
samle̋ v adj.
samlík adj.
samlíkə
samlïrnərə
sammakiən wk. II
sammaħti adj.
sammicl adj.
sammélnes
sammélə adj.
sammérə adj.
sammëdmə
sammëtən str. V
sammód
sammódi adj.
samn adj.
samnbrenjən wk. I (irreg.)
samnda̋ ləndtäl
samndërvən str. III
samnervnumə
samnes
samnfäyniən wk. II
samnfäynungəƨ
samnfőyən, təsamnfőyən wk. I
samngevən str. IV
samngift
samnhrepping
samnhërt adj.
equally holy
isotherm
equilibrium
sympathetic, agreeable, likable (because of similar temperament or character,
sympathy, similarity of personality, temperament, etc.
isomorph
isomorphy
symmetry
symmetrical
to be equal to, to equate to; tr. samiən wið equate with
fellow-fighter
to come to an agreement, to have the same opinion
equally long
comparable, analogous
comparability; analogy
fellow man
imitation
to imitate, be like
imitator
(professional) imitator, impersonator
female imitator
equally dear
identical
replica
fellow-student, of equal academic standing
to equalize
equally powerful, equipollent
equally large, equally big, equally great
accordance, congruity
accordant, congruous
equally renowned
#
to measure side by side, compare
equanimity, composure
equanimous, composed
(in) common, shared, joint, collective; pref., adv. together, co-, syn-/symto merge (tr.)
common denominator
to collaborate
co-heir
equality; parity
to be glad or happy for someone, congratulate (someone dat.)
congratulations
to fit together
to contribute (something)
contribution
context
unanimous
530
samnhíwən
samningə adv.
samniən wk. II
samnkumən str. IV
samnkündlik adj.
samnkünni, samnknóƨlədə
samnliviəndə adj.
samnlív
samnmélə adj.
samnnes
samnplan
samnreyƨə
samnrédən
samnsett adj.
samnsett word
samnsettə
samnsettən wk. I
samnspréc
samnsprék
samnstaddənd
samnswőyə adj.
samnséling
samnsélən wk. I
samnséləndə adj.
samntiyə
samnung
samnungkwidə
samnungə
samnvót
samnwaxən str. VI
samnwer
samnwinn
samnwinnən str. III
samnwrenc
samnwrencən wk. I
samnwra̋ dnes
samnwunung
samnwälling
samnwëlə
samnwërk
samnwërðən str. III
samnwív
samnwürcing
samnwürcən wk. II
samnwürcənd
samnyəfől
samnyəkwed
samnyəsőmən wk. I
samnzentrisc
members of the same household
abruptly (samning abrupt)
to assemble (tr., intr.), gather together, meet, come together
to merge (intr.)
unisex
cognate
symbiotic
symbiosis
accordant, united
assemblage
format
raid composed of several different bands
being a couple or married
composite, compound
compound (word)
compound (word, chemical)
to compound, put together
dialogue
conversation, colloquy
coordinate (in mathematics)
sounding in unison
concurrence
to concur, co-occur, coincide
concurrent
collective opinion, suffrage
assembly, coming together, meeting
collect
forthwith
collective vote, suffrage
to coalesce, grow together
common-law husband
contest
to contend together
collusion
to collude, collogue
union, combination
cohabitation
welling up together
commonwealth
cooperation
to coalesce, unite
common-law wife
constitution, makeup, what something is made up of; format (of a book)
to constitute, make up
constituent (part)
synaesthesia (agreement in feeling)
joint agreement (usu. to abide by arbitration)
to agree to abide by arbitration
concentric
531
samnájlik
samnäħt
samnäħtlik adj.
samnéħþ
samne̋ ʒ adj.
samnƨistenz
samnƨistenzlik
sampre̋ st
samrangd adj.
samråd
samrícə adj.
samrőðə adj.
samsakərd
samscarp adj.
samskólərə
samsorʒiən wk. II
samsprék
samstaðliən wk. II
samstrëknes
samstrëkəndə adj.
samswíðə adv.
samsåri adj.
samsårlik adj.
samsårʒiən wk. II
samsårʒung
samsídlik
samtingəƨ adv.
samtám
samung
samvalenzbend
samwaxən str. VI
samwel adv.
samwey
samwirðəndnes
samwirðəndə adj., n.
samwist
samwiħt adj.
samword
samwordbók
samwërð adj.
samwërəd
samwëƨəndə adj.
samwürcən wk. I
samwürħtə
samyəda̋ lən wk. I
samyəfe̋ n str. V
samyəlík
samyəlíkə
samyəmetlik adj.
coeval, contemporary
equinox
equinoctial
equal closeness or nearness
equally near, equally close
coexistence
coessential, coexistent
fellow-priest
coordinate
#(OE = harmonious, united)
having equal ruling power, having equal sway or ruling status
equally terrible
fellow pagan priest
equally sharp
fellow-pupil, pupil of the same grade
to sympathize, feel sorry for (?)
confabulation, informal conversation
#
coextension, coextent
coextensive
just as much (adv.), just as strongly/powerfully/intensely
equally sorry; compassionate
equally painful
to commiserate, share equal pain
commiseration
equilateral
all at once
partnership; confederacy
equation; óðərə mäyn samung quadratic equation
covalent bond
to grow equally
as well
counterpoise (weight)
equivalence
equivalent
living together; symbiosis
equal, fellow, associate
synonym
thesaurus
of equal worth or value
company of equals
co-existent, contemporaneous
to come up to par in production with
fellow worker
to share equally
to share in rejoicing or celebration
just the same, exactly alike
look-alike
commensurate
532
samyəmäccə
exact match
samyəmündi
having the same recollection (as, dat.)
samyəscer
tie (in a game, sport)
samádi
equally wealthy
samáð
just as easy
samärdiəndə adj.
inhabiting the same place, resident of the same city, town, province, country,
etc.
samäðələ adj.
equally noble
̋
samacə adj.
co-eternal
samðə
even if; samðə...samðə ... whether...or...
samëtən str. V
to eat as much as
samħristən
fellow-Christian
samþeyn
fellow-vassal
condolences
samþrówgrőting
samþrówiən wk. II
to sympathize, compassionate
sympathetic, compassionate
samþrówiəndə adj.
samþrówung
compassion, sympathy
samþwérə adj.
mutually affinitive or understanding
samþëw
fellow slave
samþëwə
fellow slave (female)
equally; also, as well, to boot; samə...samə as well...as...
samə adv.
saməd
adv. simultaneously, at the same time, together; conj. as (indicating
simultaneity, cooccurrence); prep. (w. dat.) at the same time as, simultaneously with
samədanfäll
syndrome
samədfestən wk. I
to connect
connected
samədfäst adj.
samədgang adj.
coincident
samədheriən wk. I
to praise in unison
samədkuməndə adj.
coming at the same time
samədlik adj.
concurrent; simultaneous
coincidence
samədla̋ cnes
samədla̋ cən wk. I
to coincide
samədla̋ cəndə adj.
coincident
samədnes
simultaneity
concurrence?
samədrünə
samədspréc
colloquy
samədstemn
unison
samədswőyəndə adj.
harmonious
samədsíðiən wk. II
to travel together with
samədtang adj.
consecutive, successive, continuous
samədtímlik adj.
synchronous
samədtímə
synchrony, synchronism
samədwirkəndə adj.
operating simultaneously; synergic, synergistic
samədwist
simultaneity
samədwunung
common residence, living together
samədwërk
synergy
samədwürcən wk. I
to perform, do simultaneously
samədyəflit
conflict
samədyəsíð
companion, one who experiences things at the same time as another
533
samədärd
samədþürlik adj.
sand
sandal
sandbërʒ
sandciƨl
sanddún
sandfok
sandful
sandgrot
sandhlið
sandhov
sandhrücg
sandhüll
sandi
sandiħt
sandkorn
sandland
sandpütt
sandrid
sandstån
sandsáð
sandwíc
sandyəwërp
sandyəwürpə
sandə
sang
sangbók
sangdrám
sangkräft
sangpípə
sangtextə, sangwordəƨ
sangərə
sangəstrə
sankən wk. I
sanning
sanningwrit
sannən wk. I
santrən wk. I
Saracen, pl. Saracenə
Saracenisc
sardoynə
sardínə
sarjə
sarkóma
sarpyərə
sart
sartən wk. I
common place of residence
concordant
sand
sandal
sand-hill, sand-bank
sand used as a filler in landscaping, construction
sand dune (those that shift)
sanddrift, sand drift
full of sand (as shoes, beach towels, etc.)
grain of sand
sandy slope
sand-barrow
sandbank, sand-ridge
sand-hill, dune
sandy
desertified
grain of sand
sandy country, sandy land
sand-pit
quicksand
sandstone
quicksand pit
sandwich
sand-drift
accumulation of sand, sand-heap
course of food
song
songbook
melodious singing
art of singing
pipe (instrument)
lyrics
singer
songstress
to group
proof
document (of proof)
to prove
to saunter
Saracen (n.)
Saracen (adj.)
sardonyx
sardine
serge
sarcoma
woolpack
assart
to assart
534
saru
skill, cunning
sarubend
sarubundən
sarucáp
saruevnə
sarufåʒ
sarugrimm
saruhabbənd
saruhwít
sarukräft
sarukräfti
saruka̋ y
sarukőnə
sarulik
sarulim
sarulist
sarulisti
saruláƨ
sarumetə
sarumónə
sarunett
saruníð
sarupíl
sarurún
sarustoff
sarusa̋ ld
sarutőð
saruwitt
saruwrenc
saruwundr
saruwërk
saruyimm
saruynfaƨlung
saruþank
saruþankl
sarwiən wk. II
sarʒə
satin
satureyə
Saturnus
savinə
sawjə
sawlən wk. I
sawmon
sawsə
sawt
sawtən wk. I
sawtər
artifice: device, contrivance, engine; trick, trickery; plan, plot; snare, trap; art,
artful bond
cleverly bound
artistic object (for sale or purchased)
chemical
variegated, artistically inlaid
formidable
cunning person
brilliantly white?
artifice, artistic skill, art, technical knowledge
skilful, artistic, technical
ingenious key
ingeniously bold
contrived, unnatural; ingenious, clever
prosthetic; saruliməƨ insetn prosthesis
artfulness, artifice
artful
without artifice, natural, simple, genuine, innocent
delicacy, gourmet food
(artificial) satellite
ensnaring net
treachery
artistic pencil
secret device, plan, or technique
synthetic material
fastened cleverly with ropes
dentures
artificial intelligence
artifice, trick
wondrous object
artifact
curious gem
artificial insemination
ingenuity; invention
ingenious; inventive
to dissemble, dissimulate, be deceitful
trumpet
satin
savory (plant)
Saturn
savine (a kind of juniper)
garden sage
to sate
salmon trout
sauce
assault
to assault
psalter
535
sawtəryə
psaltery
sawv
unharmed, uninjured, unhurt, unscathed, safe
sawvrédən
salvo, reservation
sawvájnes
barbarity
sawvájə
barbaric
sawvən wk. I
to except (from), allow to leave or forgo
saxofón
saxophone
saxəfraj
saxifrage
saylən wk. I
to come on to someone, make a pass at
saym
(whale-, seal-) blubber
saynt
(deceased, with God) saint
sayntling
saintling
sayƨinə
seizin
sayƨon
growing season, period from last frost in spring to first frost in fall
sayƨən wk. I
to give possession to, entitle
saying, proverb, maxim
saʒ
saʒdúst
sawdust
saʒiən wk. II
to saw
saʒmüln
sawmill
saʒsum adj.
sententious (full of, or fond of using, moralizing proverbs and aphorisms)
saw (tool)
saʒə
saħliən wk. II
to reconcile, end a dispute
saħlung
reconciliation
saħt adj.
agreed, reconciled, at peace
saħt
freedom from strife or quarrel, peace, agreement
to conciliate
saħtiən wk. II
saħtiəndlik adj.
conciliatory
saħtnes
agreement, settlement
saħtung
conciliation
scadiən wk. II
to give shade
scadu
shadow
wanderer in the shadows
scadugenjə
scaduhelm
cover of shadows
scadung
something giving shade
scadutávr
silhouette
scaduyard
shaded courtyard
scadwi
shadowy
scadwiən wk. II
to overshadow, put in shadow
scadwung
(over)shadowing
scaggə
shag, coarse hair
scaggədə, scaggi
shaggy
scak
grain fallen from the ear, and available to feed pigs, chickens, etc. after the
harvest; a supply of grain for this purpose; also fallen beech-mast or acorns
scakl
shackle
to shackle
scakliən wk. II
scaknes
quick movement
scakən str. VI
to flit, proceed quickly from one place to another; to move quickly (aside,
away, etc.)
scal
shell of a nut
536
scald
scaldhúl
scaldr
scaldþűvl
scaliən wk. II
scalk
scall
scallə
scalməl
scalp
scalu
scalvrə
scalʒə
scam
scaman
scamful, scami
scamfäst
scamfästnes
scamiən wk. II
scaml
scamlik
scamlim
scamlást
scamláƨ
scamm
scamoys
scampayn
scampú
scamung
scand
scandful
scandhúƨ
scandlik
scandliknes
scandluviəndə adj.
scandluvə
scandword
scandwürdi
scandəlyer
scankbend
scankforəd
scanklírə
scankyärlə
scankyəbërʒ
scankə
scann
scap
scaphár
scapiən wk. II
shoal, shallow water
some plant that inhabits shallow water (OE = reed, sedge)
flake of stone
shallow-water-shrub
to free from the shell (of nuts)
employee, worker
pane; (small) panel, sheet (of metal, glass, wood)
vas deferens
shawm
wrapper
shallow
cormorant
rudd (fish)
shame, disgrace (feeling)
shaman
ashamed
modest (esp. in sexual matters)
modesty (esp. in sexual matters)
to be ashamed (of gen.)
stool
shameful
private member, genital
shamelessness; immodesty; impudence
shameless; immodest; impudent
a sham
chamois (animal)
champagne
shampoo
shame
disgrace (state), infamy, ignominy, dishonour
infamous, ignominious
house of ill repute
disgraceful, dishonorable
disgraceful act
loving shamefully
shameful love (usu. hidden from others)
obscene language, blasphemous language
obscene, blasphemous (language)
chandelier
garter
broken-legged
calf of the leg
anklet
greave
shank, lower leg
shabby
genitalia
pubic hair
to shape
537
scapərə
scar
scariən wk. II
scarjən wk. I
scark
scarkən wk. I
scarp
scarpecgədə
scarpiən wk. II
scarplik
scarpnes
scarpnuml
scarpsmáyung
scarpsénə
scarpung
scarpþankl
scarpə
scarviən wk. II
scarvliən wk. II
scarvung
scarə
scatrən wk. I
scavðə
scavə
(food-) slicer
scavən str. VI
scawfən wk. I
scaylən wk. I
scayħ
scaðiən wk. II
scaðl
scaðlik
scaðung
scaðə
scaʒə
scaħlən wk. I
Scedənisc adj.
Scedənland
scef
scek
scekiən wk. II
scekyər
sceld
sceldburʒ
sceldfrëkə
sceldhatə
sceldhetə
sceldhre̋ðə
sceldmúr
shaper, former, creator
shearing, shaving, haircut
to section, cut or divide into sections
to discharge (duties)
shark (person)
to shark (way of living)
sharp
sharp-edged
to graduate (with lines, notches, etc.)
effectual
sharpness, acuity
having a genius intellect, very intelligent
analysis (?)
keen-sighted
scarification, scoring
sharp-witted
sharply, keenly
to shear off
to chop off (? whittle off?)
shearing-off, shear
section; in cpds. can be translated as ‘division, portion, allotment’ as well
to shatter
shaving, chip
instrument for scraping, paring, and removing thin slices from wood etc.;
to shave, plane
to exacerbate, aggravate
to shuffle (walk without lifting the feet)
sheikh
to impair, damage, harm
takeup roll (on a loom; in printing)
unfortunate (predicament, development); villainous
impairment, damage
fiend, malefactor
copse
to shamble
Scandinavian
Scandinavia
chef
check (in chess) scekmåt checkmate
to check (in chess)
chessboard
shield
phalanx, shield-wall
warrior
armed adversary
armed hostility
testudo, shield-roof
wall of shields
538
sceldwïʒə
sceldwürħtə
sceliən wk. II
entities) through division
scell
scellfisc, scellde̋ r
scellik adj.
scelliħt
scellə
scellən str. III
scelləndə adj.
sceltrumrakəntə
sceltrumə
defense
scenc
scencən wk. I
scencərə
scending
scendlə
scendnes
scendən wk. I
oneself)
scenk
scenkən wk. I
scenn
scep
scepiən wk. II
scepping
sceppən wk. I
sceppənd
sceppəndyəlávə
sceppərə
scepsum adj.
scepə
scerbet
scerdən wk. I
scerft
scering
sceriən wk. I
scern
scernijə
scernyəwrit
scernərə
scerping
scerpt
scerpən wk. I
scerwən
scevəld
scevələn wk. I
shield-bearing warrior
shield-maker
to split, divide, multiply, become two or more (different and separate parts or
shell
shellfish
sectarian, denominational
having a shell
(religious) denomination; (philosophical) sect
to resound, sound loudly and prolongedly
resounding, sonorous
military cordon
defense (of military men or in sport), defensive warriors, men employed as
a fancy alcoholic drink, cocktail
to serve drinks, pour (alcohol)
bartender
a disgracing, dishonoour
disreputable person
a disgrace
to bring disgrace or shame upon, disgrace, dishonour (reflexive disgrace
round of alcohol, of drinking
to make drunk, ply with drink
pommel of swordhilt
appliqué
to take shape
creation (of something)
to create; to fashion, make
Creator
deism
creator
creative
title, honour (OE scipe, ME ssepe, shepe, shipe)
sherbet
to damage
scarification
marking off, tally
to mark off, tally
parody
female comedian, comic actress, jester, or buffoon
travesty
comedian, comic actor, jester, buffoon
abrasion
acute
to sharpen
absence, lack, deprival
dishevelled
to dishevel
539
scex
chess
sceðdéd
injurious deed
sceðful
injured
sceðlik
injurious
sceðnes
injurious action
sceðwrék
retaliation for injury
sceþþə
injury
sceþþən str. VI
to injure
sciccing
padding
sciccəlƨ
thick winter coat
sciccən wk. I
to pad
scifon
chiffon
scift
change, exchange, shift (from one to another of the same kind); shift, rotation
(of workers); succession (e.g. of the seasons), alternation, substitution (of players); turnover (of merchandise);
on sciftə in turn
current/floating assets
sciftcatləƨ
sciftfe̋
working/floating/circulating capital
sciftrátə
rate of turnover, turnover rate
sciftskatt
tax on turnover
sciftən wk. I
to change (e.g. the channel, clothes, tires, i.e. replacing one for another of the
same kind), exchange (same comment), shift, turn (to the next point); rotate (workers)
to jig, jigger (of fish, to jerk about when exposed to air)
sciggən wk. I
scik adj.
chic
scil
discrimination, precision
scildnes
(means of) protection
scildrícə
protectorate
scildáʒglaƨəƨ
goggles
scilda̋ tl
protectionism
scildə
protection
scildən wk. I
to protect
aegis, auspices
scildən
scildərə
protector
sciliən wk. II
to squint
scill
sonorous, rich-sounding
scilling
shilling
scillingrím
count of shillings
scillən wk. I
to make a full, rich sound, be sonorous
scilvr
tan-coloured, beige
scimriən wk. II
to shimmer
scindl
sign-board, sign (hanging outside or above a tavern, hotel, business, etc.)
scingl
shingles (disease)
scinn/scinnə
spectre, phantom, ghost, ghost image
scinnhı̋ w
ghostly form, apparition
scinnkräft
magic, sorcery
scinnkräftyə, scinnla̋ cə
warlock, sorcerer
scinnleyk
magic trick
scinnlik
spectral
scinnlåk
illusion; apparition
̋
scinnlacən
sorceress
540
scinnse̋ k
scinnyədwolə
scinnərə
scinvriən wk. II
scip
scipbrok
scipbrukl
scipbrücə
scipbémə
scipfar
scipfarm
scipflotə
scipforðung
scipfultəm
scipfärd
scipfärdung
scipfärəld
scipfät
scipférə
scipfülləð
scipfürðring
sciphamr
scipherlik
scipherə
sciphlåvərd
sciphläst
sciphla̋ drə
scipinkl
sciplik
sciplåd
sciplíðənd
scipmann (pl. -menn)
scipma̋ rəlƨ
scipråp
scipróðr
sciprőðrə, sciprówənd
sciprünə
scipsetl
scipstall
scipstërrə
scipstı̋ rə
scipsókn
sciptoll
sciptëru
scipwalʒ
scipward
scipwrek
scipwräk
scipwërəd
spectre-haunted
black magic, heretical magic
(professional) magician, illusionist
to glitter
ship
hardship on board ship
destructive to shipping
wreckage
foghorn
travel by ship
shipload
fleet
launch of a ship (“ship-putting-forth”)
naval assistance
naval campaign
naval service
transit by ship
(drinking-, cooking-, storage-) vessel in the form of a ship
ready for sailing
filling up of a ship’s hold
promotion of a ship (on docks)
hammer for giving a signal to rowers
of or pertaining to a hostile fleet or naval force
hostile naval force, hostile fleet
skipper
load on a ship
ship’s ladder
little ship
nautical, naval, marine
ship’s course
seaman, voyager
member of a ship’s crew
ship’s cable
ship’s rope, cable
ship’s oar
rower on a ship
forward motion of a ship
seat or bench on a ship
place for ships
polestar
pilot (of a ship)
boarding of a ship
nautical toll
bitumen
captive on a ship
captain
flotsam
shipwreck (that has drifted ashore)
crew
541
scipwíƨə
scipwürħtə
scipyeld
scipyəbrok
scipyəfëħt
scipyəfőrə
scipyətaw
scipåk
scirr
scirrədə
scirvmúƨ
scit
scittə
sciv
scivr
scivə
bar)
scodi
scoggən wk. I
scok
scokkiən wk. II
scokkə
scokkən wk. I
scokən wk. I
scol
scolə
scop
scopkräft
scoplangájə
scoplik
scoplädən
scople̋ ð
scoppə
scor
scoriən wk. II
scorling
scorp
scort adj.
scortbrőc
scorthwürft
scortiən wk. II
scortlik adj.
scortlívədə adj.
scortnes
scortwürplik adj.
scortə adv.
scorwätr
scorə
scot
manner of a ship
shipwright
(ship-tax, ship-money)
shipwreck (that has not drifted ashore)
naval battle (in general sense)
sailing
ship’s apparatus, ship’s tackling and beams
oak for shipbuilding
elastic webbing (for cloth)
having elastic webbing (of cloth)
shrew (mouse)
waste matter
purging
piece of thread or yarn hanging off a garment
slice of bread or other edible
sheave (wheel with groove in the circumference to enable it to run on a rail or
worthless material or work made to pass for superior quality
to shake or roll (something heavy) from side to side
collision, impact
to heap up
shock of grain
to make a rapid or forced march
to collide, impact
legion
legionnaire
poet
(the art of) poetry
poetic language
poetic
the language of poets, poetry
poem for singing, lay, ode
shop
fen, sea-marsh
to jut out?
a sheep whose fleece has been shorn off; a tonsured person, a shaveling
fittings, accessories
short (in length or duration, not usually height)
shorts
short circuit
to shorten (intr.), become short
concise, succinct
short-lived
shortness
having a short trajectory
shortly
fen-water
hairy garment
shot
542
scotfëħt
scotiən wk. II
scotlåd
scotsperə
scotung
scotə
scotə2
scovl
scovətən wk. I
scoħħə
scraggən wk. I
scrallətən
scrapiən wk. II
scremmən wk. I
screncing
screncən wk. I
screncəndə adj.
screncərə
screnkən wk. I
screnkənd
screnkəndə adj.
scrid
scridwäyn
scridwíƨə
scridə
scrift
scriftbók
scriftscír
scriftsprék
scrill
scrillən wk. I
scrimmən str. III
scrimpə
scrind
scrinkən str. III
scripl
scrittə
scriv
scrið
scriðbedd
scriðenjin
scriðə
scrofl
scrogg
scrukkən wk. I
scrád
scrádiən wk. II
scrádung
scrádungíƨərn
shooting battle
to dart (to and fro, in and out)
trajectory
javelin
darting (to and fro, in and out)
young weaned pig, shoat
shoat = fish similar to the trout, but smaller
shovel
to shove or drive hither and thither
allurement, alluring makeup, sexy clothes, enticement
to mow (grass) to the ground, to denude (trees, land)
to blare
to scrape
to cause to shrink or shrivel with heat
(political) revolution
to topple, overturn, overthrow (esp. in fig. senses); dethrone
revolutionary
revolutionary (n.)
to cause to contract, act as an astringent (on)
astringent
astringent
litter (on which people can be carried)
rickshaw
leader or guider of a litter, rickshaw driver (runner)
trek
confession to a priest (especially as written down), shrift
book in which a confession was written down
confessor’s (priest) area of jurisdiction
confession
shrill, strident
to sound shrill
to shrink
shrimp
#(OE= swift course?)
to contract
digit
homosexual
edict, judgment
locomotion, motion; (skíscrið) skiing, (skázscrið) skating
stretcher
locomotive engine, locomotive
track, course, going (of a vehicle)
scrofula
stunted or dwarf bush
to shrug
leftover cutting (from tree, etc.)
to prune; to cut back (programs etc.)
pruning, trimming; cutback
pruning-knife
543
scráwə
bad-tempered person
scråv
the hearing of confession by a priest
scräbb
ibis
scrägg
a lopped-off branch
scrättə
slut
scräv
cave
scra̋ kən wk. I
to screech
scrëp
strigil, curry-comb
to pare
scrëpən str. V
scrík
shrike, mussel-thrush
scríkən wk. I
to shriek
scrín
reliquary
scrípən
austere (person), harsh (taste), chemical (odor), serious (talk), hard
(circumstances, times), dry (wine)
scrívən str. I
to hear confession, shrive
to move (from one place to another, make locomotion), to go, move, glide (by
scríðən str. I
self-propulsion, as vehicles, or by gravity); to ski, skate (scríðən mid skíƨ, mid skázəƨ, etc., or skíscríðən,
skázscríðən, etc.)
scrïðl
mobile, that can get around
scrïðlsprëkə
cellphone, mobile phone
suited, adapted (to)
scrőpə
scrőpən wk. I
#(OE = to become dry, withered)
scrúd
clothing
scrúdfultəm
grant towards providing clothes
scrúdfe̋
property in clothing
scrúdland
land bequeathed as provision for clothing
to scrutinize
scrúdniən wk. II
scrúdnung
scrutiny
scrúdnərə
(careful) examiner, “scrutinizer”
scrúdwarə
garb
vestment (esp. in ecclesiastical sense)
scrúdəlƨ
scrúdəlƨhúƨ
vestry, sacristy
scrübb
scrub (stunted, scraggly vegetation)
scrüncə adj.
tiny
to clothe
scrűdən wk. I
scuddə
bungalow
scudrən wk. I
to shudder
scuflən wk. I
to shuffle (cards); to bring, remove, or get rid of in an underhanded, secretive
way
scukkyeld
demon-worship
scukkə
evil spirit, demon, sprite
scukkən
demonish, devilish
sculdr
shoulder
sculdrbläd
shoulderblade
sculdrbån
shoulderbone, collarbone, clavicle
sculdrhräyl
cape (garment)
sculdrhrüst
epaulet
sculdriən wk. II
to shoulder
sculdrwärk
pain in the shoulder
544
sculing
obligation
sculə
debtor
sculən pret.-pres.
to owe (creditor in dat., amount or thing owed in acc.); to be obliged; to be
obliged to, to have to, must; sculən makiən to debit, charge
scuniən wk. II
to avoid, shun
scunt
shunt
scuntən wk. I
to shunt
scunung
avoidance, shunning
scurv
ulcer
scutl
platter
scuvl
bonnet
scál
shawl
scát
(triangular) segment, section, cut-off corner (often of cloth); triangular
napkin; slice (of pie); segment, quarter (of a circle, sphere)
scátə
lapel
scáv
sheaf
to examine, look at carefully (also fig. contemplate, ponder, deliberate,
scáwiən wk. II
analyze); audit (akontscáwiən)
scáwiənd
one who examines
scáwrédən str. VII
to proofread
proofreader
scáwrédərə
scáwtundr
firework, pyrotechnic
scáwung
examination, careful observation
scáwungstów
place of examination
scáwə
show, exhibition
farce; fig. farce, charade
scáwənd
scáwəndsprék
farcical speech
scáwəndwíƨə
farcical manner
scáwərə
examiner, careful observer; auditor (akontscáwərə)
scåd
separation; divide between two valleys (~watershed)
scådhald adj.
separatist
scådhaldnes
separatism
scådhaldə
separatist
scådlik
respective; scådlikə respectively
scådsalv
salve for the head
scådə
part in hair or wool
scådən (pret. scéd, scédən, ppl. scådən)
to separate
scådənlik
separable
scådənmélə
damascened
scåm
white horse (or pale grey?)
scårə
a timber or block placed obliquely against a piece of construction, ship in
dock , etc. to prevent them from falling
scårən wk. I
to shore up
scåv adj.
crooked (not upright), slanting, slanted, tilted, oblique, leaning; awry, wrong,
askew
scåvfót
splay-footed
scåðə
rib or lath of a wagon, metal lath
scäbb
mange
scäbbədə
mangy
545
scäd
scädd
scäddgenjə
scädi, scädiħt
scädlik
scädwürt
scäft
scäftló
scäftmund
scäk
scäkdóm
scälcən
scälp
scälv
scälvə
scälvən wk. I
scäp
scäpláƨ
scär
ploughshare (also sulʒscär)
scärbám
scärd
scärd, scerdən adj.
scärn
scärnwibbə, scärnbuddə
scätt
scätthlað
scättlik
scättláƨ adj.
scättmarkət
scättpolizíə
scättsending
scättskedulə
scättsüstéma
scättwërð
scättyəwendlik
scättyəwűsc
scäð
scäðful
scäði
scäðines
sca̋ nən wk. I
sca̋ rə
sca̋ t
sca̋ tən wk. I
sca̋ ð
sca̋ ðiən wk. II
scékən wk. I
scékərə
shade
shad (fish)
seasonable for shad
shady
of shade, pertaining to shade
oxeye
shaft
strap for a shaft or spear, staff
(hand)span (about 6 inches)
restraint (for the hands, feet, body)
(poetic) flight (escape)
female employee
reef (in the water)
ledge, (rock-)shelf
outcrop
to overhang
shape
shapeless, amorphous
the part of a plough or other agricultural tool that cuts the ground;
wood to which the ploughshare is fixed
notch
notched
animal feces, dung (esp. the dung of cattle)
dung-beetle
bill of currency, coin; pl. (physical) money, cash (coins, bills)
automated teller machine, cash dispenser
monetary, pecuniary (referring to tangible money)
broke, penniless
money market
monetary policy
remittance
bank note
monetary system
monetary value
liquid (assets)
money order
handicap, disability
handicapped
detrimental, injurious
injuriousness, detrimentality
to wrench (open)
sheer
escheat
to escheat
sheath, scabbard
to sheathe
to abduct, kidnap
abductor, kidnapper
546
scélə
shanty, shed, shack
scénfeld
Elysian fields
scénlik
beaming
scénnes
radiance
scénð
sheen
scénə adj.
radiant
scép
a sheep, ram or ewe
scépisc adj.
sheepish
scépscar
sheep-shearing
scérə pl.
shears
scétə
sheet
scëlʒ adv.
askance
scëlʒéyə
looking askance, with eyes askance
scërbläd
razor blade
scërgraysə
shaving cream
scëring
shearing, shaving, cutting, trimming, clipping
razor
scërmécə
scërpən str. III (pret. sg. scarp, pret. pl. scurpən, ppl. scorpən) to abrade
scërsäx
barber’s knife, cut-throat razor
scërvən str. III (pret. scarv, pret. pl. scurvən, ppl. scorvən)
to scarify
to cut (hair), shear (wool), clip (with scissors), shave (beard, orig. with
scërən str. IV
scissors, = scavən in this sense), trim (with shears or scissors); cut with shears or scissors
sce̋
haze
sce̋ d
bract
sce̋ dhring
involucre (Bot.)
phenomenon
sce̋ ing
sce̋ n wk. I
to happen, arise; come up, arise; come to be, develop, occur
sce̋ nes
happening, occurrence, incident, event
̋
scet adj.
cursory
sce̋ tən str. II
to shoot (an arrow, bullet, projectile, missile); to open a sliding mechanism or
with a sliding mechanism
to shoo, shoo away
sce̋ wlən wk. I
̋
scewəlƨ
scarecrow
sce̋ ʒ adj.
shy
timid, reluctant, coy
sce̋ ʒmód adj.
scíd
(hewn off) log of firewood, billet
scídhrák
rick of firewood
scídwall
wooden palings
scímiən wk. II
to radiate (light, electromagnetic energy)
scímlik adj.
radial
scímlécnung
radiotherapy
scímräsc
radioactive
scímyəliƨə
radiology
scímə
ray (of light only)
scín
chine
scínfeld
Elysian fields, Tempe
scínən str. I
to shine
scínəndlik
eminent, distinguished
547
scír
official charge, administrative office; district under the charge of a governor,
bishop, steward, etc.: province, diocese, see
scír2 adj.
vivid (also of narration)
scírbaƨu
bright purple
scírbiscəp
bishop of a diocese
scírecgə
bright-edged, keen-edged
scírham
clad in bright mail
scíriən wk. II
to oversee, manage, have (administrative) charge of
scírlət
piece of land, measure of land
scírmann (pl. -menn)
district official
scírmålədə
brightly marked
scírnes
administration, management, oversight, superintendency
̋
scírprest
pastor
scírwätr
water forming a boundary of a district
scírwïtə
chief man of a district
shire-moot, district assembly
scíryəmót
scíryərővə
sheriff
scírþeyn
trustee (in non-legal sense)
scírə
wall around a tún
scírən wk. I
to make vivid (also of narration)
to shed or discharge waste (e.g. of industrial plants, factories); to litter; to
scítən str. I
shed droppings, defecate (of animals)
scívə
shive (broad thick cork of a jar)
scíwən wk. I
to eschew
scïliən wk. II
to sever
to become blurry or indistinct; to be bleared (of the eyes)
scïmiən wk. II
scïmə
faint light; glimmer
scïn
shin
scïnbån
shinbone
scïnhoƨə
stocking
to navigate
scïpiən wk. II
scïpərə
navigator
scïtl
purgative
scı̋ n wk. I
to shy
scó
shoe (generalized from plural form)
scóknüll
bell-signal for putting on shoes
scóm
stub
scómhültə
stunted growth?
scómlik
stunted
scónäyl
(shoe-nail)
scówürħtə
shoemaker
scóyən wk. II
to shoe, furnish or fit with shoes or a shoe
scóyərə
(shoemaker)
scóþeyn
shoe-cleaner
scóþwang
shoe-strap
scörl
tourmaline
scú
withers
scúdən str. II
to get going, get moving
scúforħt
afraid of the dark
548
scúmə
gloom
scúr
shower (of rain)
scúrboʒə
rainbow
scúrbërʒ
roof (shower-protection)
scúrfåʒ
showery
scúrhard
made hard by blows (of a sword)
scúriən wk. II
to rain in showers; to shower down
scúrscäd
shelter from a shower
scúrtundr
shrapnel
scútə
flat-bottomed boat
scútən wk. I
to boo
scúvən str. II
to push
scúwə
darkness, the dark
scüdd
alluvium
scüld
debt
scüldfrekə
sinful lack of restraint
scüldful
indebted, in debt
scüldhåtə
debt collector
scüldi
having to pay, liable, responsible (for payment); liable (to punishment, a fine,
etc.)
scüldines
state of being liable, liability (in sense of having to pay for something, or
being liable to punishment or a fine etc.)
scülding, scüldnes
obligation
scüldiən wk. II
to oblige (as by a favour or kindness)
scüldláƨ
free of debt
scüldung
obliging of a person; obligation (due to a favour or kindness done)
scüldwarant
debenture
scüldwítə
fine for debt
scüldwürcəndə adj.
producing debt
scüldʒiən wk. II
to render liable (having to pay, or liable to punishment, a fine, etc.)
to obligate
scüldən wk. I
scüncən wk. I
to beckon to get out of the way
scündl
rogue (funloving, mischievous person, or one who disregards laws, rules,
customs, etc.)
scündnes
incitement
scündən wk. I
to incite
scüpn
cattle-shed, cowhouse
scürpən wk. I
to outfit
scürting
shortening, abbreviation
scürtnes
summary, abstract
scürtə
apron
scürtən wk. I
to shorten (tr.), abbreviate
scütgreyðə
artillery
scüthald
precipitous, sloping
scütl adj., adv.
headfirst
scütréƨ
headlong rush
scütstorm
barrage
scüttl
wooden log used as a large bolt
scüttə
archer; Sagittarius
549
scüttən wk. I
to secure a door with a scüttl; to bolt (a door), to lock or shut securely
scütə
shooting; gunfire
scütəlƨ
missile, projectile
scüvə
a push
scüħtən wk. I
to prompt
scüħħən wk. I
to allure, charm (esp. sexually)
scűən wk. I
to be suggestive, suggest, incite, tempt
scəví
cheville
secg
sedge
secg2
cavalier (noun)
secgi
sedgy
secgleyk
gallantry
secglák
sedge-leek, rush-garlic
secgróv
array of mounted men (?) or: cavalier (in attitude, adj.)
secgscér
landrail, corncrake
type of grasshopper (?)
secgscérə
seggən wk. I
to bog down, to mire
sek adj.
dry (of wine)
sekant
secant (of trigonometry)
sekk
duffel bag
seklər adj.
secular
sekond
second (of time)
sekreta̋ r
administrative assistant
sektə
(religious) sect
sekwoya
sequoia
seld
dais, raised platform (historically for a throne or high table, in modern use
also such as at an awards ceremony or photography session)
seldgumə
# (OE = retainer (?))
seldhwannə
infrequently
seldkúð
uncanny
infrequent coming
seldkümə
seldlik
rare
seldrám
hall-music
seldsénə
extraordinary
vestibule
seldə
seldən adv. (comp. seldər, sup. seldəst)
seldom, rarely
seleri
celery
selgest
hall-guest
sellən wk. I
to sell, vend
sellənd, sellə
seller, vendor
selmə
bedframe
seln
transfer of property, exchange, sale, trade
selnes
selling
selrest
place for rest in a hall
selsecg
hall-participant
seltnə
bunting
selward
hall-warden
selyəscot
private room in a hall (?)
selényum
selenium
550
selþeyn
page (person)
selə
hall = (1) the great central room in the dwelling of a king or chieftain, where
banquets, games, etc. were held; (2) a large public or semipublic room for gatherings, entertainments, etc.; (3) a
large building containing only one common room (also hëð, q.v.)
sem
as (indicating reason, cause) (ON sem)
semblant
superficial appearance
semitisc adj.
Semitic
semolíno
semolina
sendlik
about to be sent (on a journey or mission)
sendnes
something sent, delivery, package
to send
sendən wk. I
senescal
seneschal
senjən wk. I
to singe
senkən wk. I
to sink (tr.), submerge
sens
sense (common sense, reason)
sensful
having common sense, sensible
sent
discovery, pursuit or tracking by scent
sentən wk. I
to find, pursue or track by scent
senyə
logo; symbol, icon
senát
senate
senátur
senator
mustard
senəp
septr
sceptre
Serbisc
Serbian
Serbya
Serbia
sercə
nightshirt
serenad
serenade
serenadən wk. I
to serenade
serjant
sergeant
serjantyə
men at arms
serk
shirt
sermon
sermon
serpent
serpent
serv
serf
servant
servant; attendant (at a commercial establishment)
servis
service (esp. attention at a commercial establishment)
serviən wk. II
to serve (esp. serve someone something, or offer assistance, as in a
department store or other commercial establishment, or as a guide, etc.)
serwing
devising, designing, contriving; engineering; planning, plotting
serwən wk. I
to devise, design, contrive; engineer; plan, plot
serwərə
engineer
seráf
seraph
sess
session, sitting
sessiən wk. II
to grow calm, settle down; to settle (make settled)
sestr
a measure of bulk
set
deposit
setl
seat (esp. non-figurative)
setlgang
setting (of the sun), sinking
setlhräyl
seat-cover
551
setling
seating
setlråd
setting (of the sun), sinking
setlən wk. I
to seat
setn
plantation
setnes
deposition; reposal
setr
mountain pasture
setrwürt
black hellebore
settən wk. I
to set, deposit, repose (trust, etc. in), settle, fix, implant
settənd
depositor
setənnes
seatedness, sitting
sev
bulrush
sevral
several (more than two but not many, of an indefinite but small number)
sevrən wk. I
to cut ties with, disassociate, break off ties to
sewr
an officer who superintended the placing of a banquet on the table, or the
laying of a table for the king (or did this himself)
sewənlik
visible
seyl
sail
seylbóƨm
bellying sail
seyliən wk. II
to sail (intr.)(on or of a vessel with sails, as opposed to líðən (of or on a ship),
which does not require sails)
seylråd
sail-riding, voyage
seylród
sail-rod, sail-yard
seylung
sailing
seylyärd
sail-yard
seylyəra̋ də
sail-tackle
seyn
ensign, banner
standard-bearer
seynborə, seynbërənd
seyniən wk. II
to cross one’s heart, make the sign of the cross; bless or consecrate thereby
seynküng
king before whom a banner is borne
seynung
blessing or consecration by making the sing of the cross
seynə
seine, dragnet
seyð
coal-fish
sfrey
fray, affray
sfreyən wk. I
to disturb or startle from sleep or quiet
(astronomical) sphere
sfa̋ r
sibb
family
sibbdrüħt
related band
sibbfrið
familial peace
sibbfäk
degree of affinity (degree of separation, interval of kinship)
sibbhíwən
(nuclear) family
sibbiən wk. II
to unite (familially)
sibbkoss
kiss given to family members
sibbkwidə
statement of familial peace, peace-statement (peace due to marriage between
clans or families)
sibblik adj.
kin, related
sibbling
family member
sibbliyr
incest
sibbluvə
familial love
sibbméy
blood relative
552
sibbrédən
sibbscepə
sibbsum
sibbsumiən wk. II
sibbsumnes
sibbsumung
sibbyërn
sibbyërnnes
sibbyəbürd
sibbäðəling
sicə
sicəting
sicətən wk. I
sidən
siftən wk. I
sifón
sigg
signət
sikriən wk. II
silika
silikadülstə
silikisc
silikon
silkən adj.
silvring
silvrən adj.
simbl adj.
simblfarəndə adj.
simbling adj.
simblingə
simbliən wk. II
simblnes
simblyəfőrə
simbləƨ adv.
simpl adj.
simplmakiən wk. II
simplnes
simpr
simprlik adj.
simprən wk. I
simriən wk. II
sin- pref.
wedsin
sinbrinnəndə adj.
sindr
sindrám
sindróm
sinfrá
consanguinity
kinship, relationship
familial, enjoying familial peace
to reconcile (among family), be reconciled
familial reconciliation
peacemaking (among family)
close to family (those related by blood)
familial closeness or love
blood lineage
related noble
sob
sobbing
to sob
(demonic) possession
to sift
siphon (tube)
whitlow
signet
to trickle
silica
diatom
siliceous
silicon
silken, made of silk
silver coin
made of silver, silvern
continual, persistent; simblə continually, persistently
ever-travelling, ever-wandering
perpetual
perpetually
to persist
festivity
permanent associate
constantly, continuously
simple
to simplify
simplicity
simper; embarrassed smile
self-conscious, self-consciously or embarrassedly smiling
to simper, or smile embarrassedly
to simmer
1) perpetual, permanent, lasting, infinite, immense 2) marriage-, of marriage,
sine (of trigonometry)
ever-burning
slag, scoria, dross (of metal)
eternal music
oxidaton of slag/scoria
overlord, husband (esp. as a woman’s lord, an old-fashioned notion)
553
sinfullə
singrimm adj.
singrőnə adj.
singəl
singəlflówəndə adj.
singəliən wk. II
singəllik
singəlnes
singəlrünə
singən str. III
sinherə
sinhwurvl adj.
sinhíwscepə
sinhíwə
sink
sinkald
sinkbrüttə
sinkfåʒ
sinkfät
sinkgevənd
sinkhrodən
sinkmåðm
sinkstån
sinkwéyə
sinkwërðung
sinkyimm
sinkyëv
sinkyəstrı̋ n
sinkäldə
sinkþëʒ
sinkə
sinkən str. III
sinlåk
sinnäħt
sinníð
sinnən str. III
fondly)
sinrédən
sinsceplik
sinscepə
sinsna̋ d
sinsorʒ
sintrendəndə adj.
sintründl adj.
sinu
sinubend
sinubenn
sinudolʒ
sinwalt adj.
house-leek
exceedingly fierce
evergreen
constant, continuous
constantly flowing
to continue, repeat
incessant
constantness, continuousness
constant flow, constant running
to sing
huge (hostile) army, huge host, huge horde
circular, round; sinhwurvl botl, sinhwurvl säl rotunda
permanent tie of marriage
spouse
treasure
perpetually cold
distributor of treasure, prince
richly adorned (spotted or dappled with treasure)
treasure-vessel
“treasure-giver”, lord, chief
adorned with costly ornaments
costly treasured item
precious stone
(measuring-) weight of treasure
costly medal or decoration (for honour)
costly gem
gift of treasure
accumulation of treasure, mass of treasure
perpetual cold
receipt of treasure
(geological) basin, sink
to sink (intr.)
matrimony (act, rite)
eternal night
everlasting enmity or feud
to meditate (upon) (w. gen.), ponder, reflect; think about (a person, usu.
wedlock
matrimonial
matrimony (relationship, state)
large piece or portion
perpetual grief
spherical, round
globular, round
sinew, tendon
sinew-band?
wound to a sinew
infected sinew
cylindrical, round
554
sinwaltiən wk. II
#(OE = to be unsteady, according to J.R. Clark-Hall)
sinwaltnes
cylinder; roundness
sinwind
artery
sinwindswelkə
aneurysm
sinwiħt, sinwi
sinewy
sinwra̋ nnes
constant lechery
sinþürstəndə adj.
ever-thirsting
sippə
sip
sippən
to sip
sir
Sir (title); man of high rank or social standing
sirlik
masterful, imperious
sirop
syrup
sitsum adj.
sedentary
sittən str. V
to sit; perch, roost; be situated; reside
sivə
sieve
siwant adj.
working or proceeding regularly, smoothly or evenly; even, smooth, regular
(operation, etc.)
siwsum
litigious
siwtsókn
legal action, legal proceedings
siwtsőking
litigation
lawsuit; siwtən sőkən to litigate
siwtə
siwən wk. I
to sue
siwənéyə adj.
blear-eyed
siyl
piece of whalebone, wood, plastic, or other rigid material used to tie cords,
laces, etc. around in order to fasten a garment
siyling
sailing
siylə
necklace or collar that clasps in the front?
siylə2
black spelt
siylən wk. I
to sail (tr.)
siyr
epicure, gastronome
to sample fine food
siyriən wk. II
siyrung
gastronomy
siyðə
scythe
siyə
descent, sinking, setting (of the sun)
act of sight, a seeing; what is seen, thing seen, a vision, a sight, spectacle,
siħt
apparition
siħti adj.
sightly
siħtən wk. I
to get in one’s sight, to sight
siƨəmúƨ
dormouse
skabb
scab
skabbi adj.
scabby
skacə
block or wedge of wood placed under a wheel (log, gate, etc.) to prevent it
from moving, scotch, chock
skacən wk. I
to block or wedge so as to keep from moving or slipping
skadd
cadaver
skafald
scaffold
skafə
skiff
skagg
stump of a branch
skald
a vulgar, coarse person
555
skalding
profanity
skaldən wk. I
to use profanity, swear
skaliən wk. II
to shell, peel
skallə
psoriasis
skalon
shallot
skalop
scallop
skalp
scalp
skalpən wk. I
to scalp
skaml adj.
scraggy
skamlən wk. I
to scrape together, come up with
skamonyə
scammony
skamprən wk. I
to pack up (in preparation for departure)
skampən wk. I
to come up short in a bargain; to fail to provide or do one’s fair share
skandl
scandal
skandlisc adj.
scandalous
skandlən wk. I
to embroil in a scandal, scandalize
skannən wk. I
to scan (verse)
skansən wk. I
to descant
skant
scant, inadequate
skantilon
mason’s rule, carpenter’s gauge
skantling
scantling
skantlən wk. I
to cut down on, reduce in frequency, amount, or number
skantən wk. I
to furnish someone dat. with an inadequate supply of something acc.
skanz
small defensive fortification
skapularə
scapular(y)
skar
share
skarab
scarab
skarfə
scarf
skariən wk. II
to share
skarlat
scarlet
scarlet fever
skarlatkoðə
skarmucə
skirmish
skarmucən wk. I
to skirmish
skarn
contempt
skarnful, skarnsum
contemptuous
skarnlik
contemptible
skarnən wk .I
to regard or treat with contempt, to contemn
skarpə
scarp, escarpment (of a fortification or ditch)
skarrə
eschar (black or brown slough resulting from the death of living skin or flesh,
as from gangrene, burns, or caustics)
skars
scarce
skarsnes
scarcity
skarv
scarf-joint
skarð
nick, chink, chip (in pottery, on one’s shoulder, etc.)
to clear (ashes, fire) by poking
skarən wk. I
skatrən wk. I
to scatter
skatt
tax
skattform
tax return
skatting
taxation
556
skattmeldung
tax return
skattən wk. I
to tax
skatə
skate (fish)
skatən wk. I
to beat out of shape
skavl
bulldozer
skawajən wk. I
to scavenge
skawajərə
scavenger (in all senses but eater of dead or already-killed animals, for which
wälcáƨyə)
skawberk
pant leg, trouser leg
skawdən wk. I
to scald
skayli adj.
scaly
skaylə
scale on human skin, scale of a skin-disease; fish-scale
skaylən
to break up, disperse (an assembly of any kind, a troop or company, an
organization, a gathering, a party)
skaynə
skein
weird, strange, odd, queer
skayvəd adj.
skaði
offensive (words, actions)
skaðiən wk. II
to offend (someone), insult, hurt; to offend by an action, mistreat, assault,
attack, rape, tease, taunt, bully, rob, mug
skaðl
vicious (animal)
skaðláƨ
inoffensive
skaðə
offense; offensive statement; offense (taken)
skedulə
piece or slip of paper, note
skegg
skeg (nautical sense, also variety of bearded oat)
skek
jaunt
skekən wk. I
to jaunt
skel
shellac
skellən wk. I
to make a harsh noise
skelm
scamp
skelp
stroke (sudden cerebrovascular failure)
skelpən
to strike = make a sudden attack
skeltən
to kick in
skelv
shelf
skeml
(often sloping) table at a market for the display of meat, fish, vegetables,
fruit, etc.; the display itself
skenkbenk
bar (counter from which alcoholic drinks are served)
skenkhúƨ
bar (establishment where alcoholic drinks are served)
skenkingkuppə
jug
skenkklëvə, skenkfétəlƨ
bar (piece of furniture housing alcoholic drinks)
skenkə
tapster
skenkən wk. I
to open a tap, pour; serve drinks, offer alcohol
skentlik, skentəndə adj.
amusing
skentən
to amuse, divert
skeppə
in mining, a bucket, box, basket or cage in which materials or men are hauled
up or let down
sker
a projecting or isolated jagged rock in the sea
skevin
steward of a guild; leader of a club or society
skewəd
piebald
skeyf
thin iron wheel, sharp at the edge, used in ploughs etc.
557
skeyrən
to disseminate, spread about, broadcast
skeyð
longship
skeyðmann
member of the crew of a longship
skez
sketch
skezi adj.
sketchy
skezən wk. I
to sketch
skibət
small drawer or compartment in a box or chest
skid
skid
to skid
skidən str. I
skif
one-man racing boat
skiffən wk.
to touch lightly in passing over; to skim (written material)
skift
decision
skifti adj.
decided (of a person)
skiftən wk. I
to decide, make a decision
skil
discretion, reason, good sense, judgment; discrimination in sensitive or
difficult matters; sense of right and wrong or what is proper, etc.
skild
a parting greeting, a goodbye, farewell, adieu, etc.
skildkwidə
valediction
skildwóð
valedictory oration
skildwóðborə
valedictorian
skilful
discriminating, judicious, having good judgment; having a good sense of right
and wrong
skiliən wk. II
to be of importance, matter, make a difference
skillə
sea-onion
skilwíƨ adj.
knowing what to do in sensitive or difficult situations
skimpi adj.
overpriced
to rip off, gyp, get away with charging too high a price
skimpən wk. I
skink
skink (lizard)
skinn
pelt; furskin
skinnən str. III
to skin
skipper
skipərə
skirm
fencing skirmish
skirmən wk. I
to fence (with swords/sabres)
skirpən wk. I
to spit out, reject
skirr
scirrhus
skirwət
skirret (plant)
skist
schist (rock)
skit
diarrhea, scouring
skiwən wk. I
to skew
sklaffən wk. I
to sclaff (golf)
sklandr
detraction
sklandri adj.
detractive
sklat
slat
sklavə
foreign slave
sklendr
tenuous
sklot
slot; bre̋ stsklot the depression between the breasts
sklátə
slate
sklízə
flat utensil, like a spatula but thinner and used for flipping
sklűs
sluice
558
sklűsdor
sklűsflódə
skocə
skocən wk. I
skoff
skoffən wk. I
skol
skoldə
skoldən wk. I
skoleyən wk. I
skombrən wk. I
skoncon
skonk
skonsə
skonsən wk. I
skoppəril
skopən wk. I
skor
skorbűt
skorcən
skorpnən
skorpyon
skorən wk. I
skot
skotiən wk. II
skotjin
skotlampə
Skott
Skottisc
skottredl
Skottəs
skotþel
skotə
skotən wk. I
skow
skown
skowpən wk. I
skowt
skowtlik
skowtən wk. I
skowð
skrabbə
skrabbən wk. I
skrablən wk. I
skraggi
skraggə
skramblən wk. I
skran
skrancən wk. I
sluice-gate
sluice-way
gouge (gash)
to gouge
scoff
to make fun of, imitate contemptuously
school of fish, whales, etc.
reprimand
to reprimand
to attend school, study
to relieve of (a burden, responsibility)
scuncheon
skunk
sconce
to ensconce
a top consisting of a spinning disk
to frisk, cavort, hop, dance
score (notch, incision)
scurvy
to scorch
to harden, form a scab, become dry
scorpion; Scorpio
to score (notch, incise)
scot
to brake (a vehicle)
brake mechanism
brake light
Scot
Scottish
brake pedal
Scots (people)
brake shoe
brake (of a vehicle)
to pay scot
scow
nice-looking, attractive
to caper, gambol
projection, prominence, point
prominent, pointed, jutting
to project, come to a point; thrust, poke
condom
crabapple
to maul
to scrabble
scraggy, scrawny
scrag
to scramble (in sense “make one’s way through obstacles”)
leftovers
to chew noisily
559
skrani adj.
skranki adj.
skrap
skrapiən wk. II
skrapl
skrattən wk. I
skravl
skravliən wk. II
skrencən
skrenjən wk. I
skrenkən
skrevən str. V
skreyð
skribl
skriblən wk. I
skrift
skrimpən wk.
skrinkən
skrippə
skrit
skrivayn
skrið
skriðl
skrofl
skrogg
skrowə
skrubb
skrubbi adj.
skrubbən wk. I
skrá
skrättə
skra̋ cən wk. I
skra̋ dən pl.
skra̋ mən
skrén
skrét
skríbə
skrín
skrívən str. I
skríðən str. I
skríən wk. I
skrïðən
skröw
skröwwrall
skröwən wk. I
skrüllən wk. I
skrűpl
skucən wk. I
skuddən wk. I
poor, meagre, unnutritious (diet, food)
uncoordinated, clumsy (esp. at sports)
scrap
to chip at
scraper, tool used for scraping
to scar, scratch
scrawl
to scrawl
to turn out of joint
to scrunch, screw up (the face)
to supplant
to slide the feet, move by sliding the feet without raising them
stockfish
scribble
to scribble
(written) record
to scrimp, save every last penny
to sprain
scrip
script (style of writing)
(personal) secretary
(downward) slide
inclined to slide
scrofula
denuded bush(es) or trees
scroll
scrub (stunted, scraggly plant, esp. a dwarf tree)
scrubby
to scrub
directory, list, register, tabulation, compilation
weirdo
to screech
confetti
to scream
tarpaulin
discreet
scribe
jewelry- or valuables-box or case
to record (in writing)
to slide (esp. on an incline or vertically), toboggan, bobsleigh
to espy, discover
screes, talus
screw
screwdriver
to screw (in, on)
to make the sound of the bagpipes; to drone shrilly
scruple
to scutch
to scud
560
skuff
scuff(-mark)
skuffən wk. I
to scuff (leave a scuff-mark)
skufl
scuffle
to scuffle
skuflən wk. I
skuft
sideburn
skuggə
shelter, cover (as in take cover, seek cover)
skuggən wk. I
to protect, shelter, cover
skulkən wk. I
to skulk
skullfilmən
pericranium
skullə
skull
skulyər
scullion
skuləryə
scullery (back-kitchen)
skumblən wk. I
to scumble
skunərən wk. I
to turn someone off, cause repugnance
skupr
scupper
skupət
scoop
skurjə
a cause of calamity or widespread deaths (person or thing)
skurv
scurf
skussən wk. I
to discuss, investigate, examine by inquiry and discussion
skutl
scuttle (nautical and similar meanings)
to scuttle, scurry
skutlən wk. I
skutrən wk. I
to go hastily with much fuss and bustle, as from excitement
skutt
a short erect tail, esp. that of a hare, rabbit, or deer
skuvl
baker’s malkin (mop to clean out an oven)
skwabb
short fat person
skwabbi adj.
short and fat
skwabl
filibuster (speech)
skwad
squad
skwal
squall
skwarkən wk. I
to squawk
to squat
skwatiən wk. II
skwelə
porringer
skwelən wk. I
to squeal
skweymisc
squeamish
skwibb
squib (firecracker)
skwirt
squirt
skwirtən wk. I
to squirt
skál
scale of a balance
skályə
roofing-slate
skálə
scale (of a map, etc.)
skáp
shaft of a column
skápən wk. I
to abscond
skár
square (shape)
skárlik adj.
square
skáz
skate (ice-shoe)
skåbən wk. I
to gag (in swallowing)
skål
large bowl (as a salad-bowl, mixing-bowl, punchbowl); any concave vessel or
apparatus, also a similar natural land-formation or human construction, such as a bowl-shaped amphitheatre
skålə
shanty, shack
561
skårə
skäd
skäd2
ska̋ mrən wk. I
ska̋ r
ska̋ rən
skélə
skémə
skéʒ
skël
skëllik adj.
skëllim
skëlsum adj.
skëlvd adj.
skëlving
skëlvən wk. I
skëlʒ adj.
skëlʒáʒədə
skëlʒən wk. I
skërr
skërrə
skërrən wk. I
ske̋ lə
ske̋ t adj.
skí
skír
skírbaƨu adj.
skírecgə(də)
skírhamədə
skírma̋ ld
skírnes
skírwërəd
skírən wk. I
skítən str. I
skívən str. I
skı̋
skók
skól
skólbarn
skólfrı̋ lƨ
skóliən wk. II
skóllik adj.
skólmann
skólwëʒ
skólyəmátə
skólə
skólərə
skón
skónər
young gull
faint light, faint gleam
scad (fish)
to become light
free of sin or guilt
to acquit, exculpate, free of blame or accusation, clear of a charge
personnel
schedule (e.g. according to schedule), timeplan
skittish (= shying, restive) (see skeigh in OED)
sense (one of the five senses)
sensory
sensory organ
sensuous
thrilled
thrill
to thrill
squinting
squint-eyed, narrow-eyed
to squint
scared
a scare
to scare
canister
rapid
ski
clear, translucent; uncomplicated
bright purple
keen-edged
clad in bright mail
brightly adorned
clarification; elucidation
(bright?)
to make clear, clarify (often fig.); elucidate
to have diarrhea
to cut or split into strips
hut of stones for drying fish and flesh
pokeweed
school
schoolchild
school holiday
to school
scholastic
adult student (in a school)
school bus
schoolmate
student (non-adult)
pupil (at school)
scone
schooner
562
skópə
watermill, e.g.)
skórən wk. I
skótə
skóʒ
skóʒi
skóʒiħt
sköytyəscot
sköytə
skúlən wk. I
skúm
skúr
skúriən wk. II
skúrən wk. I
skútə
skútən wk. I
skútən2 wk. I
skúv
skúvə
skúwə
skúð
skücon
skügg
skündən wk. I
sküppən wk. I
skürtə
sküt
skütrən wk. I
Sküttisc
sküyər
skű
skűmən wk. I
skűmərə
skűt
skűting
skűtən wk. I
slabbə
slabbən wk. I
slabr, slavr
slabrən, slavrən wk. I
slaggə
slakiən wk. II
slakiənd
slakiəndə adj.
slakkə
slakr
slakrnes
slakung
slamm
bucket of a water-wheel; utensil for bailing out water; dipping-trough (of a
#(ME = to thrust?)
guillemot
a wood, woods
wooded
thick with trees or shrubs, overgrown with trees or shrubs
skeet(shooting)
skeet missile
to scowl
scum
driving wind
to scour (land, premises)
to scour (clean)
scout
to scout
to ridicule an idea, reject with scorn or disdain
skua
(ping-pong) paddle
eclipse
leeway, room, scope, opportunity
escutcheon
fastidious
to hurry up, speed up, hasten (tr.); hurry up (intr.)
to skip
skirt
skit
to skitter
Scotch, Scots, Scottish
one entitled to bear heraldic arms, esquire, armiger
overcast sky, cloud cover
to skim
skimmer
overhasty, overeager
evasion
to dodge, evade (something oncoming)
slab
to eat or drink in a slovenly, untidy manner
slaver (excess saliva)
to slaver, salivate
slag
to palliate (an illness), ease (suffering)
palliative
palliative
(geological) depression
careless, negligent, remiss
carelessness, negligence, remissness
palliation; easement (of suffering)
slam
563
slammən wk. I
slang
slank
slant
slantknall
slantən wk. I
slappə
slappən wk. I
slaryə
slascən wk. I
slatt
slattən wk. I
Slav
Slavisc adj.
slaʒə
slaħtr
sleccən
slecg
slecgwürħtə
slecgətən wk. I
sled
slek
slekkə
slekkən wk. I
slemm
slencən wk. I
slendən wk. I
slenjən wk. I
slentən
sleppən wk. I
slettən wk. I
sleyk
sleykən wk. I
sleyl
sleyp adj.
sleyə
sleħt adj.
sleħtə
sleħtən wk. I
slibri adj.
slidriən wk. II
slidə
(moral) lapse, moral slip
slift
sliftr
slik adj.
slimm
slimmiən wk. II
slingə
to slam
slang
lanky; (of parts of the body, also the hair) long and thin
slant
italic type
to slant
slap
to slap
clary (plant)
to slop
swat
to swat
a Slav
Slavic
killer, slayer; (fig.) nemesis
slaughtered animals
to make lax, weaken, lower integrity of
sledge(hammer)
sledge-maker, metalworker
to throb
sled (snow- or ice-cart)
ooze
small or refuse coal
to slake, abate, extinguish
thin or fluid mud
to hunt stealthily, sneak up on (prey)
to sunder
to sling
to cause to slant; fig. to distort, bend, pervert
to get away, escape
to fall flat
daub
to daub
plectrum
flat, lacking carbonation or bubbles (drink, beer)
blow, strike, stroke
slight, thin, slender; weak, unsturdy; unsubstantial, flimsy
slaughterer
to slaughter
prone to danger or error
to slip (esp. with falling), trip (as on ice, on the pavement)
slip, fall (as on ice); slip of the memory, tongue, pen or understanding;
fissure, rift, crevasse
crevice
sleek, slick
slim
to slim (down)
sling (for arm, holding up objects)
564
slingən str. III
to slither
slinkən str. III
to slink
slipi
slimy, greasy
slipp
slip (embankment of stone used as a landing-place; garment)
slippə
slip (cutting, long narrow strip, slender person)
slippən wk. I
to slip, skip (as e.g. a record), come out of the track or course, swerve slightly,
deviate slightly
slit
slit
slitkwal
death by slitting
slittən wk. I
to slit
slivr
a long sliver of wood (torn or split off from a block, log, etc.)
sliħt adj.
level, horizontal (OE eorðslihtes close to the ground, i.e. level with the
ground)
to make level with the ground
sliħtən wk. I
slobbə
slob
to work or laze in a slovenly manner, be a slob
slobbən wk. I
slobrən wk. I
to make wet with kissing
slocgən wk. I
to drag the feet
slogg
slog
sloggən wk. I
to slog
to dampen, put a damper on, spoil spirits
sloknən
slokən adj.
no fun; unwilling to play or revel
slonk
pothole
slopp
loose baggy trousers
sloppi adj.
semi-liquid, of the consistency of slop
sloppə
slop
sloscən wk. I
to slosh
slot
bolt of a lock
slotrən wk. I
to dirty (furniture, a room), spill crumbs or bits of food or drink on
slotə
trapdoor
slubb
slub
to slub
slubbən wk. I
slubrən wk. I
to smear (food) on the face when eating, as of infants or when eating
carelessly
slucc
sludge
sludr
mudflow
sluggi
lazy, slow
sluggiən wk. II
to be lazy or slow
sluggə
sluggard, lazy person
slum
slum
slump
slump
slumpən wk. I
to slump
slup
opening, hole, passage; a breach, gap, or opening in a wall, fence, or hedge; a
break in the clouds; a narrow pass through a mountain ridge
slusc
slush
slusci adj.
slushy
sluttisc
slutty
sluttə
slut, slattern
slá
slay (weaver’s reed)
565
slán str. VI
to strike
slå pl. slån
sloe (fruit of the blackthorn, wild plum)
slåp
drowsiness
slåpful adj.
drowsy
slåping
hibernation
slåpiən wk. II
to vegetate (of people)
slåpl adj.
lethargic
slåplik adj.
inactive, quiet
slåplnes
lethargy
slåpr adj.
uninterested, bored; tired, weary, sated
slåpən str. VII (pret. slép, slépən) to hibernate
slåpəndə adj.
hibernating
slåw
slow
to be slow
slåwiən wk. II
slåwlik adj.
sluggish, not functioning with normal vigour; unresponsive, ‘dead’ (e.g.
telephone connection, button, flight controls); unreactive, apathetic, listless, indifferent, torpid
slåwürm
slowworm
slåþorn
blackthorn
släcc
the slack of a rope
släd
an opening between woods
släk
slack
släkful
negligent
släkhërt
lax
släkkən wk. I
to slacken (tr.)
släkmód
carefree, frivolous
to slacken (intr.)
släknən
släy
impact, percussion, hitting, striking, tap(ping)
släħt
slaughter (of many, of animals)
släħthríðr
cattle for slaughter
släħtnát
animal for slaughter
swine for slaughter
släħtswín
sla̋ ting
baiting of animals with dogs
sla̋ tən wk. I
to bait (an animal) with dogs
sla̋ vən (wk.)
to fissure, split leaving a long crack (also təsla̋ vən especially when separation
occurs)
sla̋ wð
sloth
sla̋ wə
torpor
sla̋ wən wk. I
to slow down (tr.), decelerate
slédə
sleigh (snow- or ice-carriage)
slép
sleep
slépbérə
soporific, somniferous, somnolent
slépdrenk
soporific drink
slépi
sleepy
sléping
sleeping
sleeper, sleeping compartment (of train)
slépklëvə
slépkúcə, sléphóʒbankə
sofa bed
slépl
inclined to sleep (all the time), lethargic, somnolent
sléplást
sleeplessness, insomnia
slépláƨ
sleepless
566
slépma̋ ling
somniloquy, talking in one’s sleep
̋
slépmalən wk. I
to talk in one’s sleep, somniloquize
slépma̋ lənd
n. somniloquist; adj. talking in one’s sleep, somniloquent
slépmőðə
tired and sleepy, fatigued
slépr
asleep
slépscó
slipper
slépən str. VII (pret. sle̋ p(ən), ppl. slépən) to sleep
slépərn
dormitory
slét
sleet
slévláƨ
sleeveless
slévə
sleeve
slévən wk. I
to slip (on or off)
slíc
compacted, semi-hard mud deposited by a river or the sea
to slip (from desired or expected position, or fig.), fall (in fig. senses), lapse
slídən str. I
(morally)
slík
glossy, reflective
slíkən str. I
to run one’s fingers (through or across); stroke, tickle, caress, fondle; to run,
trickle, glide, slip (of liquids)
slím
slime
slími adj.
slimy
slípə
sledge-runner
slípən str. I
to make slick, smooth, gloss, polish; grind, whet, abrade
slít
slash, gash, laceration
slíting
slashing, laceration
slítən str. I
to slash, lacerate
to crack (open), crack (apart), split (intr.) (of fissures, chasms, etc., or of wood
slívən str. I
etc. when a long fissure appears); also təslívən when separation occurs
slíw
tench (fish)
slíðhard adj.
brutal
slíðlik adj.
horrific
slíðnes
cruelty
slíðə adj.
cruel
slíðən adj.
evil, wicked
slíðən wk. I
to be cruel to
slïdr
slippery (esp. of ice on ground, pavement, slope)
slïdrnes
slipperiness; slippery place
slïkiən wk. II
to make (the hair, skin, fur, etc.) sleek or glossy
slïkəd
made sleek or glossy
slïpr
slippery (esp. eluding grasp); fig.: unstable, uncertain (situation); forgetful
(memory); shifty, unreliable (person)
slïprnes
slipperiness (and fig. meanings associated with slipr)
slïtl
burning, biting (of ointment, topical applications)
slïvr adj.
shifty, shady, untrustworthy
sló
slough (small sheltered valley or rut filled with soft, deep mud); fig. quagmire
slók
slouch
slór
slurry mess
slóvayn adj.
shabby
slóð
sleuth
slóʒ
swampy or marshy depression (in the ground)
567
slőði adj.
slőðə
slőʒ adj.
slőʒmann
slőʒð
slúm
slúmi
slúmiən wk. II
slúmə
slúp
slúpbúəl
slúpräƨn
slúpən str. II
one falls)
slúʒ
slüppə
slüppən wk. I
slüpə
slürpən wk. I
smakiən wk. II
smakk
smakkən wk. I
smaliən wk. II
smalt
smalung
smaləm
smarkiən wk. II
smascən wk. I
smatrən wk. I
errors
smekkən wk. I
smell
smellbérə
smellþwál
smellən wk. I
smelt
smelting
smeltən str. III
smeringwürt
smeriən wk. I
smertə
smertə adj.
smeyk
smirunes
smirwing
smirwingelə
smirwən wk. I
smirəls
smit
slovenly, slobby
sloven, slob
skilful, deft, dexterous, talented, proficient
virtuoso
highly skilled or expert competence or knowledge, proficiency
slumber
sleepy, drowsy
to slumber
slumberer, dozer
sloop
lientery
sliding piece for a wall
to slip (esp. indicating any quick sliding movement excluding those in which
(garden, fire-) hose, (flexible) tube, inner-tube (of tire)
runny excrement
(of makeup, oil, etc.) to run; to creep
lubricant
to slurp
to taste of, have a taste (said of things); (+ dat.) to taste good (to someone)
smack (a blow, also of the lips), crack (of a whip)
to smack (also the lips), crack (a whip)
to reduce
smalt
reduction
little by little
to smirk
to smash
to smatter, speak (a language) with only basic knowledge or with frequent
to smack of
odour, smell
odoriferous
deodorant
to give off a smell, smell (intr., and whether sweet or foul)
smelt (fish) (or: sardine? as also in OE)
alloy
to fuse; əsmeltən to smelt; útsmeltən to separate (impurities) by smelting
name of a plant, ‘crispa, victoriola’
to laugh derisively
burning, stinging, or smarting pain
burning, stinging
sycophant, toadie
unction
lubrication, greasing, oiling
lubricant oil
to lubricate, grease, oil
ointment
smear
568
smittiən wk. II
to stain
smittə
stain
smið
smith, blacksmith
smith’s bellows
smiðbälʒəƨ
smiðkräft
the art of forging
smiðkräftyə
skilled smith or workman
smiðlik
skilful, dexterous
smiðstedə
smithy, forge
smiþþə
smithy
smokiən wk. II
to smoke (meat, cheese), cure by smoking
smokk
woman’s slip or chemise
smokung
smoking, curing (of meat, cheese)
smokə
smoke as a curing agent; smoke flavour(ing)
smoldr
smolder
smoldrən wk. I
to smolder
smolt adj.
of weather: serene, fair, fine, calm, quiet, not cloudy, stormy or windy; of
persons: content, prosperous, reliable, consistent (in temper, mood, work); untroubled, undisturbed
smolt
margarine
smoltnes
serenity (of weather); contentment, prosperity, consistency, satisfaction,
comfort (of persons)
to tarnish, besmirch, sully (a reputation, honour, etc.); to spoil, mar, debase
smorcən wk. I
(e.g. a memory)
smoriən wk. II
to smother
smorðr
dense, suffocation or stifling smoke, such as is produced by combustion
without flame
smoʒ
slough of snake
smud
filth, rot (often fig.)
smugl
smuggled goods
smuglən wk. I
to smuggle
smuk
smug
smult
smolt (stage of salmon)
smutt
smut
smutti
smutty
smuttən wk. I
to smut
smuz
smudge
smuzən wk. I
to smudge
smálik
detailed, in-depth, thorough, complete; smálikə in detail, in depth, thoroughly
smáliknes
detail, thoroughness
smámetə
delicacy (food)
smáworħt
elaborate (work, art, etc.)
smáwrenc
scheme, scheming, intrigue
smáwürcən wk. I
to elaborate (an invention, a theory, a literary or artistic work, etc.)
smáwürm
intestinal worm
smáwürħtə
careful, precise artisan
smáyung
scrutiny; study (of)
smáyəleyən
syllogism (some question as to the form of the second part)
smáyən wk. II
to scrutinize, look closely, carefully, or thoroughly into, study; think over,
deliberate on (äftərsmáyən)
smáyəndlik
rigorous, searching, exhaustive, careful, thorough
569
smáð
painstaking, careful work or deliberation
smáʒ adj.
accurate, precise
smáʒl
confined, constricted
smáʒnes
accuracy, precision
smáþankl
careful in thought
smáþanklik
detailed (deliberation, discussion, plans, ideas, etc.)
smáþanklnes
carefulness in thought
smáþing
a detail
smáþinglik adj.
detailed, in detail
småkiən wk. II
to coax
smäcc
flavour
smäccən wk. I
to flavour
smäddən wk. I
to tarnish (e.g. silver)
smäk
taste (that something has)
smäl
slender, slim, thin, skinny (but usually has a neutral connotation); small
(waist); of little girth or breadth, narrow, fine (e.g. fine hairs); small in volume -- opp. of grát
smäll
whack
smällən wk. I
to whack
smälting
amber
smälwéy
microwave
smälþarm
small intestine
smärt
smarting, burning, sore (on the surface)
sma̋ rə adj.
smiling, of good cheer, in a good mood
sma̋ tgold
pure gold
sma̋ tgüldən
of pure gold
pure, refined
sma̋ tə
sméc
fume
smécən
to fumigate
smék
smoke
smékən wk. I
to curry favour with
smér
upper jaw
flour
smëdmə
smëdmən
of flour
smërting
smarting, burning (of wounds, etc.)
smërtən str. III
to smart, burn (of a wound, etc.)
smëru
grease
smërumangəstrə
female grease-seller
smërusalv
salve made from grease
smëruwürt
smearwort
smëruþarm
entrail, fat around the viscera
smërwi
greasy
̋
smekən str. II
to smoke, give off smoke (also smoke tobacco, transitive)
smí
young fish; pl. fry
smíl
smile
smílən wk. I
to smile
smítən str. I
to smear
smïkr
elegant
smïkrnes
elegance
smïkrəd
well-fashioned
570
smïðiən wk. II
to forge, hammer (hot metal)
smïðədlik
malleable
smóc
smooch
to smooch
smócən wk. I
smóð
suave, polished, urbane, sophisticated, sociable (person); refined, finished
(thing)
smóðiən wk. II
to refine, finish
smőðiən wk. II
to smoothen, become smooth
smőðnes
smoothness; smooth place
smőðə adj.
smooth, polished, velvety smooth, creamy, frictionless
smőðən wk. I
to smooth, polish
smúʒən str. II
to creep (esp. of snakes, worms, and fig.); smúʒən in to worm one’s way into,
insinuate into
smültlik
serene (person)
smültmód
composed, calm (of mind or heart), placid
composure
smültmődə
smültnes
tranquility
smültə adj.
tranquil, placid
smültən wk. I
to tranquilize
smültənd
tranquilizer
burrow, retreat (of snakes, worms)
smüyəls
snabbə
a steep place or ascent
snaccən wk. I
to snatch
snafl
snaffle
snagə
snag
to snag
snagən wk. I
snakk
a type of fast ship
snakk2
snap (of a dog)
snakkən
to snap (as a dog)
snakrən wk. I
to steal away (intr.)
snake, serpent
snakə
snap
winter pasture
snapp
snap (in words), tart comeback
snappi adj.
snappy, snappish
snappən wk. I
to snap (at, in words)
snaprən wk. I
to lose footing
snarkən wk. I
to make the sound of the bilabial trill, esp. in contempt or disgust (‘pffft’,
‘pshaw’)
snarl
snarl (tie-up)
snarlən wk. I
to snarl (get tied up)
snarp adj.
stinging
snarrən wk. I
to snarl
snart
curt, terse
sneggə
slug, = dáwwürm
snekkiən wk. II
to latch
snekkə
latch
snell
smart (in most English senses as applied to persons, with additional notion of
“quick in reaction (physically or mentally), striking quickly, reacting or moving easily, affecting quickly”,
opposite of dull; usually has a positive connotation); cutting, clever, witty (remark, prose, etc.)
571
snellik
snelliknes
snellnes
snellscepə
snellən wk. I
snelð
snercən wk. I
sneviən wk. II
sneyp
sneypən wk. I
sneyðən wk. I
snibbən wk. I
snicc
sniccən wk. I
snid
snidíƨərn
snidə
sniffən wk. I
sniflən wk. I
snigg
snikrən wk. I
snipp
snippən wk. I
snitrən wk. I
snobb
snobbisc adj.
snod
snoffi
snoffə
snogg adj.
snoppən wk. I
snor
snorkl
snorkən wk. I
snot
snotr
snotrlik
snotrnes
snotrscepə
snotrwürdi
snovl
snovlfilmən
snovli
snubbən wk. I
snuff
snuffən wk. I
snuflən wk. I
snuft
snuglən wk. I
witty
witticism
smartness
wit
to react; jerk, start
wittiness, cleverness, cuttingness (of remarks, prose, etc.)
to frizzle, frizz
to sniff out, scent out, detect by smell
taper (shape)
to taper; to cause to taper
to lop, lop off (trees, branches, twigs)
to snub
snitch
to snitch
slice (action); cutting
lancet
a cut
to sniff
to sniffle
a young eel
to snicker
snip
to snip
to agitate for
snob
snobbish
sleek
nauseous
nausea
clean-cut, trim
to break by striking sharply
daughter-in-law
snorkel
to snort
snot
sensible, wise, rational, smart
reasonable, sensible, logical, that makes sense
wisdom, smarts, reason
reasoning, logic, ratiocination, reason
logical, plausible
mucus
mucous membrane
congested (of the nose)
to cut off, interrupt (in speech)
candle-snuff
to snuff
to speak or utter through the nose, have a nasal twang
handkerchief
to nestle, snuggle (close to a person)
572
snukr
snurrən wk. I
snurtən wk. I
snåd
snådfeld (sna̋ ðfeld?)
snåw
snåwball
snåwengl
snåwflakə
snåwflód
snåwfok
snåwfäll
snåwhamə
snåwhwít
snåwi adj.
snåwkald
snåwlik
snåwla̋ ri
snåwmann
snåwskavl
snåwstorm
snåwwëʒ
snåwyəbland
snåð
snåƨ
snäriən wk. II
snärə
snäyl
sna̋ d
sna̋ ding
sna̋ dinghúƨ
sna̋ dingmetə
sna̋ dingscép
sna̋ dl
sna̋ dlþe̋ r
sna̋ dméləm
sna̋ dən wk. I
sna̋ p adj.
sna̋ vr adj.
sna̋ ð
sna̋ƨən wk. I
snérən wk. I
snërkən str. III
snëwən str. V
sne̋ mə adv.
sníkən str. I
snípə
snít
sníwən str. I
snooker
to hum, buzz, whir
to suppress a laugh
detached piece of woodland
defined tract of pasture
snow
snowball
snow angel
snowflake
avalanche
snowdrift
snowfall, fresh snow
snowsuit
snow-white
snowy, covered with snow
“snow-cold”, icy-cold
of snow, nival
snowtire, snow tire
snowman
snowplow, snowplough
snowstorm
snowmobile
blizzard
serration
skewer
to set a snare, ensnare
snare
snail
slice, portion or piece (of food), morsel
snack, quick meal
delicatessen, diner
snack food (chips, peanuts, cookies, etc.)
sheep to be slaughtered immediately for food
appendix (of the body)
appendicitis
bit by bit (of food)
to slice, divide (food) by cutting
comical
close-fitting, tight
the pole or shaft of a scythe
to pierce, stab
to sneer
to dry up, shrivel, become crinkly (of plants)
to hurry, hasten
before long
to sneak
snipe (bird)
snowflurry, flurries
to snow
573
sníðing
surgery
sníðsträw
chopped straw
sníðən str. I
to cut
snócən wk. I
to speak through the nose
snód
snood
snók
snook (gesture)
snókə
the closed end of a valley; a short valley with a closed end
snókən wk. I
to poke about with the nose; pry, spy, poke, ferret
snól
wimp, wuss
snón wk. I
to twirl
snöypən wk. I
to check or interrupt with sharp or slighting words, talk over
snőr
string of a musical instrument
snúd
speed, velocity
snúdi adj.
speedy
snúdma̋ lə
speedometer
snúk
snook (fish)
to eat clandestinely
snúpən wk. I
snútə
snout
snúvən wk. I
to pant through the nose
snüf
tobacco-snuff
to blow out (air, steam) in a concentrated stream (usu. of engines, machinery)
snüftən wk. I
snügg adj.
snug
snüring
sharp rock
snüriən wk. I
to rush
snütrə
reason, good sense, sensibility
to reason (əsnütrən figure out, útsnütrən deduce, bəsnütrən rationalize,
snütrən wk. I
þurʒsnütrən make sense of, útərsnütrən outwit)
snüvliən wk. II
to drip or ooze mucus from the nose, snivel
snüvlung
dripping or oozing mucus from the nose, snivel
snüðiən wk. II
to plough ahead, plough through (fig.)
blowing of the nose
snűting
snűtəls
snuffer (of candles)
snűtən wk. I
to blow the nose
sobbi adj.
soggy
sobbən wk. I
to soak, saturate, sop, make soggy
sodomyə
sodomy
sodomít
sodomite
sodomítisc
sodomitical
sodə
sod
soffit
soffit
soggi adj.
waterlogged
soggə
quagmire, bog, swampy ground
soggən wk. I
to become waterlogged
sok
soakings
sokiən wk. II
to soak
sokk
sock
sokət
socket
sol
wallowing-place, muddy puddle, slough
574
solatə
garden heliotrope (or any other of the plants listed under “heliotrope” in the
dictionary)
sold
(soldier’s) pay, wages, salary
soldən wk. I
to enlist or retain for service by payment
solem
solemn
solemhaldən str. VII
to hold solemn, solemnize
solemmakiən wk. II
to solemnify
solemnes
solemnity
solfa
sol-fa
solita̋ r
solitaire (game)
soliən wk. II
to wallow
solr
loft
solw
soiling of clothes (and often of undergarments)
solwi
soiled
solwiən wk. II
to dirty, soil
sole of a shoe
solə
sompref. half- (but usually implies incompleteness, deficiency, and rarely means
literally ‘by half’), barely-, incompletely-, partially-, insufficientlysomblind
purblind, weak-sighted, dim-sighted
somborən adj.
born prematurely or overdue
sombrend adj.
half-burnt
partial breach (of rules, laws, etc.)
sombrücə
somgrőnə adj.
half-green, immature
somhål adj.
unwell, weakly
somhåli adj.
sanctimonious
somkwik
half-dead, barely alive, barely living
somlukən adj.
half-closed
somla̋ rd adj.
half-taught, poorly taught, badly instructed
sommältə adj.
half-digested
sommə
sum (of money)
somscadu
penumbra
half-boiled, half-cooked (in sense ‘insufficiently boiled’)
somsoðən adj.
somstorvən adj.
having come close to death
somwaxən adj.
half-grown
unfinished
somworħt adj.
somwíƨ adj.
inexperienced
somwürcən wk. I
to half-do a thing
somyung
juvenile
somäftəməst adj.
penultimate
soméy
peninsula
sonata
sonata
sondråp
sounding-rope, lead
sondyärd
sounding-rod
sondən wk. I
to sound (nautical senses)
sonet
sonnet
sopp
sop
soppkuppə
sop-cup
soppən wk. I
to sop
sopráno
soprano
575
sopə
sorgo
sort
sortment
sortən wk. I
sorʒ
sorʒcäri
sorʒful
sorʒiən wk. II
concerns
sorʒkar
sorʒlik
sorʒluvə
sorʒlást
sorʒláƨ
sorʒle̋ ð
sorʒung
sorʒwalm
sorʒword
sorʒwítə
sorə
sott
sottiən wk. II
sottmann
sottscepə
sowd
sowdur
sowdyər
sowdən wk. I
sowm
sowp
sowr
sowri adj.
sowð
soy
soybán
soyl
soylən wk. I
soymolən
soysawsə
soyölə
soziən wk. II
sozyalism
sozyalistə
soʒðiən wk. II
soʒðə
worried)
soħt
soħtfərscüvə
an amount of food or drink that is swallowed, a swallow, bolus
sorghum
type, class, sort, kind, grade, size
assortment
to assort, class, qualify, grade, size
sorrow, grief, unhappiness; hassle, trouble; concern; pl. cares, troubles
troubled, disturbed
sorrowful, unhappy, burdened with cares
to sorrow, express sorrow, grief, or unhappiness; to have troubles, cares, or
worry, mental burden
grievous
sad love
bliss, contentment, state of being untroubled
untroubled, happy, blissful
sad song, song expressing sorrow
grieving, sorrowing
wave of sorrow
lamentation
grievous torment of the mind
mote
easy to fool, gullible
to be duped or fooled, fall for (a ruse, trick, deception, etc.)
gullible man
gullibility
solder (metal)
soldering, soldered joint
mercenary
to solder
baggage, luggage
shot of alcohol
dried urine
filthy
scapegoat
soybean plant
soybean
a piece or stretch of ground, area of ground
to clear up (a matter), resolve, solve (difficulties)
tofu
soya sauce
soybean oil
to form an alliance with
socialism
socialist
to make a gulping sound
gulping sound (with the mouth closed, as made when one is suddenly
pathological condition, sickness; morbid condition (or matter)
metastasis
576
soħti adj.
morbid (tissue, etc.)
soħtisc adj.
pathological
spad
spade
spadl
small hand-held spade
spagetti
spaghetti
spak adj.
docile, tractable
spakiən wk. II
to calm (from fear, anxiety, terror)
spal
key (of a typewriter, keyboard, piano)
keyboard
spalbe̋ d
spaldr
lotion
spaldən wk. I
to spread open, lay flat
spaliən wk. II
to replace with, substitute
spalleykərə
understudy
spallə
sliver; shard; thin wedge or wafer of stone
spalt
short-grained (of wood)
spalyər
espalier
spalə
substitute, replacement
spandrəl
spandrel
spang
buckle
spangl
spangle
spaning
persuasion
spann
span
spanndédword
copula verb
spannword
conjunction
spannən str. VII
to fasten, attach, link up, harness, hitch (up)
?
spannərə
spansl
spancel
spanyəl
spaniel
spanə
teat of an udder
spanən str. VI
to persuade
persuasive
spanəndə adj.
spanənlik adj.
persuadable, persuasible; accessble to influence or argument
spanərə
persuasive person
sparakontə
savings account
to spare, refrain from hurting, killing, punishing, imprisoning, etc., keep or
spariən wk. II
leave unharmed (with persons as object, but in this sense also and more commonly ye̋ kiən); to abstain from
using, not use, keep or leave intact, keep or leave aside, reserve, conserve (with things, resources, food, etc. as
object); to save, not spend, keep or leave aside, reserve (with money as object); to be frugal, be sparing, forbear
(intr.)
sparkiən wk. II
to emit sparks
sparkliən wk. II
to sparkle
sparkplüggə
spark plug
sparkə
spark
sparriən wk. I
to bar (a door, etc.)
sparrə
bar
spars adj.
sparse
spartlən wk. I
to thrash about, flounder
sparuhavuk
sparrow-hawk
sparwə
sparrow
577
sparðə
spat
spatrən wk.I
spavayn
spawdə
spawnə
spawnən wk. I
Spaynisc
Spaynə
sped
spekkə
spekl
spekliən wk. I
spektrum
speld (pl. speldr)
speldrən wk. I
speling
spelk
spelkən wk. I
spell
spellbodə
spellbrot
spellbók
spelliən wk. II
spellkwidə
spellmëdmə
spellstów
spellung
spelt
spelt2
spelyə
spelə
spelən wk. I
spending
spendən wk. I
spennəls
spennən wk. I
spensing
spensə
spensən wk.
sperbróʒə
spercing
spercən wk. I
sperhalvə
sperling
sperláƨ
sperlírə
spermintə
sperníð
halberd
spat
to spatter
spavin
segment; joint (segment of a limb)
spawn
to spawn
Spanish
Spain
hardened rheum around the eyes, such as when waking
spot (mark a different colour from that which surrounds it)
speckle
to speckle
spectrum
glowing flake rising from a fire
to explain carefully and in detail, “spell out”
spelling (of words)
surgical splint
to fasten a splint to
news, tidings; report, information; tale, story (that reports something new)
newscaster
item of trivia; pl. trivia
book of news or new information
to discourse
informative statement
one of the forms of the media; ða spellmëdmən the media
place where news is announced
discourse
spelt
bookcover
deputy, representative, substitute, surrogate, vicar
splint (slender rod or slip of wood for manufacturing)
to spell (words)
spending
to spend
hitch
to button, lace, or zip up, fasten (a garment, shoe)
dispensation, exemption, release from a law or obligation
expense
to exempt, release from a law or obligation
terrifying spear-front
scintillation
to scintillate (and fig.)
male line of descent
sparling (small fish)
spearless
ham (back of the thigh, not behind the knee, for which hamm)
spearmint
“spear-enmity”, battle
578
sperring
sperrən wk. I
sperscäft
sperstån
spervər
sperwürt
sperə
speyr
speyən wk. I
spezyal
spezyalmakiən wk. II
spigotə
spik
hog)
spikhúƨ
spikmåƨə
spild
spildsum
spildsíð
spildən wk. I
spiliən wk. II
spill
spillə
spillən wk. I
spillərə
spilung
spiläy
spilə
spinacə
spind
spindi adj.
spineyə
spink
spinkə
spinl
spinlhalvə
spinnhwe̋ l
spinnən str. III
spinnərə
spinnərət
spinnəstrə
spirt
spirtən wk. I
spitl
spittən wk. I
spitál
spiw
spiwdrenk
spiwsoħt
sparring, fighting with the feet and spurs
to fight with the feet and spurs, to spar
spear-shaft
gypsum
sparrow-hawk
“spearwort”, elecampane
spear
the opening in a garment
to spay
specific
to specify
spigot (except in the sense “tap, faucet”)
bacon (from the side of the hog, as opposed to bákon from the back of the
larder
titmouse
ruining, ruin, wrecking, wreck, havoc (see spildən for more precise sense)
ruinous
destructive adventure
to ruin (someone); to wreck, damage beyond repair (a thing)
to engage in recreation, play, have fun; tr. play (games, cards, tricks)
waste (e.g. of food)
bobbin
to waste (e.g. food)
#(OE = parasite, jester)
recreation (play, amusement, fun)
“spilagius”/”spalangius”, a venomous insect
recreation, play, games
spinach
fat (noun)
fatty, consisting of fat, full of fat
spinney (thicket to protect birds)
yellowhammer (bird)
a spot or marking of a different colour in cattle (and sometimes horses)
spindle
female line of descent
spinning-wheel
to spin (thread)
spinner
spinneret
female spinner
spurt (ejaculation, jet)
to spurt; ejaculate (semen)
dibble
to spit
homeless shelter
vomiting
liquid emetic
bulimia
579
splascən
to splash
splattən wk. I
to dress (eviscerate) fish for cooking
splent
small plate of armour
spleyfót
splay-footed
spleyt
project, enterprise
to splay
spleyən wk. I
splez
the products which ground or land yield; hay, herbage, grain, produce, rents,
services, etc.
splind
spline
splintr
splinter
splintə
splint (of armour)
splitt
crack (in a material)
splittən wk. I
to crack (develop a crack or make a crack in something, not make the sound,
for which krakiən)
sploc
splotch
splor
skirmish? commotion? disturbance? carousal, revel?
splott
birthmark
splurjən
to splurge
splutrən wk. I
to splutter
splåtən wk. I
to dislocate (a joint)
to splice
splísən wk. I
spong
isthmus
spor
trail (e.g. through woods, through snow; marks, scent, evidence, etc. left by
someone or something that has passed)
spora
spore
spornətən wk. I
to kick repeatedly
sport
sport
sporətən wk. I
to kick without hitting or meaning to hit
spott
(soiled) spot
spotti
spotty (having soiled spots)
spottláƨ
spotless, very clean
spoyl
spoil, booty
spoylən wk. I
to strip, rob
spragg
sprag3 (see OED)
sprakn
type of berry-bearing alder
sprangəting
shimmy
sprangətən wk. I
to shimmy
sprankə
sapling
sprek
slip (of a plant)
sprekk
wand
sprengən wk. I
to burst, bust, break, split (open)(esp. of materials, coverings, bags, sacs,
balloons, tires, walls, etc.); to spring (open), as a bolt, lock, door, etc.
sprenjə
springe
sprenjən wk. I
to sprinkle
sprenklən wk. I
to douse, mist, spritz
sprent
a sprint
sprentən wk. I
to sprint
spriggə
sprig
sprind
spry
580
spring
spring (machinery)
springal
an engine for casting stones
springbord
springboard
springwürt
caper-plant
springən str. III
to spring
sprinkl
basket-snare
sprintən str. III
to emit, utter
sprokənlik
that should be spoken, to be spoken
sprokət
sprocket
sprott
sprat
sprotə
tenon (not tendon)
sprunt
start (of a race); take-off, liftoff
spruntən wk. I
to start (in a race); take off, lift off
sprut
sprout
sprutl
age spot
spráy
spray (both from a bottle, hose etc. and of waves, surf)
spráyən wk. I
to spray (both from a bottle, hose etc. and by waves, surf)
spráð adj.
liable to sin; prone to error
spräk adj.
sprightly
spräwl
squirm(ing)
spräwliən wk. II
to squirm
spräy
spray2 (a small branch or sprig of a tree or plant, with leaves, berries, flowers,
etc.; a design or ornament like this)
spra̋ ding
spreading; propagation
spra̋ dən wk. I
to spread
spréc
a speech; (samnspréc) dialogue; (ånspréc) monologue; spoken line of a play
or other theatrical presentation
sprécərn
auditorium, amphitheatre, assembly hall (place for public speaking)
sprék
(faculty of) speech, language (but not a language); speech, talking
sprékdwolə
(grammatical) solecism
sprékful
having much to say, talkative
attention to correct use of language
sprékhoʒ
sprékhúƨ
house of parliament; (in earlier times) senate-house, curia
sprékkünn
mode of speech
sprékloƨən adj.
having lost the power of speech, aphasic
sprékláƨ
speechless
spréklürə
loss of speech, aphasia
sprékswér adj.
reticent
sprékwíƨlik adj.
idiomatic
sprékwíƨə
manner of speaking, idiom
sprékyald
articulate (in speaking)
sprékyəliƨə
linguistics
sprékyəmarr
speech impediment
sprëkl
loquacious, talkative
sprëkə
one who does the speaking or talking; spokesman, prolocutor
sprëkən str. V
to speak
sprëkərə
speaker, speechgiver
spre̋ t
sprit, punting-pole (to propel and steer barges, punts)
sprít
sprite
581
spríƨən wk. I
to inflame, enkindle (with love, etc.)
sprútən str. II
to sprout
sprüng
spring (of water)
peg for climbing
sprütlə
sprütting
germination
sprüttən wk. I
to germinate
sprű
psilosis, sprue
spuddə
spud
spunk
touchwood
spuriən wk. II
to spur
spurleðr
spur-strap
spurnəl
recalcitrant (and other simpler synonyms); often used of horses
spurnən str. III
to kick
spurt
spurt (of exercise or activity)
spurə
spur
to sputter
sputrən wk. I
spá
prophecy
spád
spar (type of stone)
spámann
fortune-teller
spán wk. I
to foretell, prophesy, read fortunes
spán
small piece of wood, chip; computer chip, microchip
spát
spate
spáwer
male fortune-teller
spáwív
female fortune-teller, sibyl
spázfarə
astronaut
spázstank
nebula (of gas or dust)
alien (from outer space)
spázwïħt
spázə
outer space
spåkbån
spokebone (radius)
spåkə
spoke
spåtl
spittle, saliva
to salivate
spåtliən wk. II
spåtlung
salivation
späk
young branch
spär
thrifty, economical
spärhendə
frugal, sparing; stingy
spärlik
spare, extra
spärnliən wk. II
to move convulsively
spa̋ lən wk. I
(of a word, statement) to mean, translate as; (of phenomena) to mean, signify
spa̋ nən wk. I
to wean
spa̋ r
a lid midway down a chimney or in an exhaust vent to control the release of
smoke or vapours; flap, hatch, small closure of an air or water passage
spa̋ rən wk. I
to close (a store, theatre, business); close for business
spa̋ ting
squirting, squirt
spa̋ tl
dribble, drool
spa̋ tlən wk. I
to dribble, drool
spa̋ tən wk. I
to squirt
spékə
handspike
spézə
a variety (of something)
582
spëftən wk. I
to sputter
spëliən wk. II
to be substitute for, represent, act as substitute
spëliənd
representative, substitute (n. and adj.)
spëliəndlik adj.
vicarious (pleasure, etc.)
spëlung
deputyship
spëħt
the green woodpecker
spe̋ t
pike, pikestaff (weapon = metal spearhead on wooden shaft)(< ON; ME spete
‘spit’)
spying, espionage
spíalə
spícə
ingredient
spík
nail (of metal)
spíkiən wk. II
to nail, fasten with nails
spíkədbord
with nailed sides
spíkədknarr
nail-fastened vessel
spíkədkret
nail-fastened 2-wheeled cart
studded piece of treasure
spíkədsink
spílskröw
corkscrew
spílə
cork (stopper)
spír
spike (inflorescence)
spírit
rubbing alcohol
spít
contemptuous disregard
spíwing
vomiting
spíwən str. I
to vomit
spízə
spice
spízəryə
store that sells spices and herbs
dealer in spices and herbs
spízərə
spíðrə
spider
spíə
spy
spíən wk. I
to spy (on)
spíətən wk. I
to spew
spït
spit (for cooking)
to place on a spit, cook by spit
spïtiən wk. II
spïwl
emetic
spïwðə
vomit
spók
hallucination
spólə
spool
spón
spatula
spówən str. VII
to succeed (of a person), fare well (in questions = fare), thrive
spówəndə adj.
succeeding, faring well, thriving, prospering
spőd
success; good luck; win, victory, triumph; Spőd! Eureka! (etc.)
spődbérə adj.
causing success, lucky (thing)
spődful
successful (person), prosperous
spődi adj.
successful (operation, plan, etc.); successful (candidate, contender, etc.),
winning (candidate, contender, vote, etc.)
spődlik
effective, effectual
spődsum adj.
successful, winning, lucky (person, his general tendency or behaviour)
spődən wk. I
to work (of schemes, tricks, plans, medicines), be successful
spútə
spout
spútən (wk.)
to spout
583
spúƨaylə
spousal
spúƨə
marriage vow
spúƨən wk. I
to espouse
spüliən wk. II
to rinse
spünjə
sponge
spür
clue
spürd
race-course, stadium
spüring
investigation
to investigate; to follow (a lead); anspüriən to question
spüriən wk. I
spüriənd
investigator; detective
spürjə
spurge
spürmann
tracker
spürnən wk. I
to stumble upon
spürtə
shallow oblong basket with handles on either side
spüryə
spurry
block of wood used as a seat
stabbə
stad
position (relative location); on stadə til in a position to; status, position (in a
company e.g.)
stadd
situated, located
staddən wk. I
to situate
stag, male deer, especially with antlers
staggə
staggən wk. I
to walk with long strides
staking
the piercing of an effigy by a stakə ( a method of injury by witchcraft)
stakk
stack
stakkən wk. I
to stack
to stagger
stakriən wk. II
stakə
stake
stakən wk. I
to pierce with a stake
stal
theft
stald
possession, demesne (sense 1 in OED); ownership
staldlik adj.
possessory
staldən str. VII
to take possession of, take (property), possess
staldənd
possessor
stalgang
stealthy going
stalherə
predatory army
stalhrån
decoy-reindeer
staliən wk. II
to abscond
stalk
abrupt, precipitous
stalkiən wk. II
to walk softly, cautiously, or stealthily
stalkung
cautious or stealthy movement
stalkə
a long slender handle, as of a rake, hoe, broom, mop, etc.
stall
stall (for cows, sheep, etc.), stable (for horses -- but not the building, rather
the stall); station, standing-place; place, room, facility, installation
stalliən wk. II
to put or house in a stall or stable
stallərə
person in charge of a stable, equerry
stalsoħt
kleptomania
stalse̋ k adj.
stalse̋ k firə kleptomaniac
staltiħt
charge of stealing
stalung
stealthy going
584
stalyest
stalð
stalþing
stamin
stamm
stammətən
stamn
stamniən wk. II
stamnung
stamp
stampiən wk. II
stampído
stampídən wk. I
stamr
stamriən wk. II
stamrung
stamrə
stancon
stancən wk. I
stand
position)
standard
standfäst adj.
standl
standpuynt
standyəliƨə
standən str. VI
stang
stangən wk. I
stank
stankriən wk. II
water), scatter
stanzə
stapl
of a microphone, etc.
stapliən wk. II
staplə
stapə
star
starblind
stariən wk. II
stark
starkferħþ
starkhard
starkhërt
starkiən wk. II
starklik adj.
starkmód
starr
thievish stranger
stealth
(crime of) theft
linsey-woolsey
slip of the tongue, spoonerism, mispronunciation
to stutter, stammer
stem (of plant); trunk (of tree); fig. stem, stock, Stamm
to stem (from), be descended (from), originate, date (from), be derived (from)
derivation (of a word); origin, origination, provenance; descent (in kinship)
stamp (with the foot)
to stamp (with the feet), stomp
stampede
to stampede
stammer
to stammer
stammering, stuttering
stammerer
stanchion
to staunch
stand(ing), upright position; state, status, standing; wait (in a standing
standard (criterion, measure; measure of what is adequate for some purpose)
fixed in position; fixed in opinion
fixture (something which remains fixed)
standpoint
statics
to stand
punctured wound caused by a sting; stinging pain
to sting (sensation of pain)
cloud of dust, snow, steam, smoke
to be thrown up in a cloud (of dust, snow, etc.); to fly (of sparks); to spray (of
stance
an upright stand, the stem of a light-fixture, of a floor-mounted fan, the stand
to cause to make a mistake, trip up
steps up to a house door
cricket (insect)
stare, fixed gaze
stone-blind
to stare
stiff
harsh, stern
rigid
stouthearted
to stiffen
stark
inflexible of mind or purpose
sedge, reed grass (having solid rather than hollow stems)
585
statistik
statistic
statistikyəliƨə
statistics
statistisc adj.
statistical
statute
statűt
statűtlik adj.
statutory
statűə
statue
stav
letter, character (of writing, including numerals, punctuation, shorthand, etc.)
[any character of any writing system, not necessarily one of the Roman alphabet]
stavedla̋ cing
reduplication
staviən wk. II
to dictate
stavjumbl
anagram
stavkräft
skill in writing
stavkräfti
skilled in writing
stavküst
literature (great works of writing)
stavleyk
literary game
stavlik
literal, of letters or writing
sling mounted on a staff
stavliðrə
stavläħtr
spelling or grammatical fault, error in writing
stavla̋ rd
literate
̋
stavlardnes
literacy
student of reading and writing, student of literature
stavlïrnərə
stavra̋ w
line of writing (“row of letters”)
stavrímiən wk. II
to alliterate
stavrímlik
alliterative
stavrímə
alliteration
stavróv
alphabet
stavróvlibel
(children’s) primer
stavróvlik
alphabetical
stavswërd
dolon
stavwíƨ
lettered, learned in writings
to stay (in all English senses)
stayən wk. I
stað
wharf, landing pier (< Scand., ON stǫð)
staðfäst
anchored to a wharf or pier
staðl
foundation
staðlfastiən wk. II
to stabilize
staðlfastung
stabilization
staðlfäst
steadfast, firm, unwavering
staðlfästnes
steadfastness, stability
staðli
foundational
staðliən wk. II
to found, establish
staðliənd
founder
staðlung
founding, foundation (act), establishment, institution
staðlwang
field or place of settlement
staðla̋ ħt
real estate
staðwall
jetty, a pile of rocks forming a pier or surf-barrier
stedfäst
fixed in one place, stationary, immobile
stedfästnes
stationary position, immobility
stedi
steady
stediən wk. II
to locate
586
stedlik adj.
stedláƨ
stedyən wk. I
stedə
stegg
stel adj.
stelling
stellən wk. I
stemmən wk. I
stemn
stemnful
stemngat
stemniən wk. II
stemnláƨ
stemnlürə
stemnsådən
stemnən/stemniən wk. II
stempingíƨərn
stempklokk
stempl
stempmerkə
stempr
stempən wk. I
stempərə
stencən wk. I
stendən wk. I
steng
stengl
stenk
stenkbérə
stenkiən wk. II
stenknes
stenkən wk. I
stentə
stentən wk. I
stenzl
stepgang
stepma̋ lə
stepméllik adj.
stepméləm
steppən wk. I
stepscó
stepə
stercə
stercən wk. I
steril adj.
sterilmakiən wk. II
stertlən wk. I
sterttundr
locational; locative; topical (medicine)
shifty, varying, unsteady
to steady
location, spot, site; address (also håmstedə)
tomcat
stagnant
placing, placement
to place
to stem, stop, put a stop to
voice
voiced
glottis
to voice, vocalize
voiceless, unvoiced
loss of voice, aphony
vocal cords
to voice, say with the voice
stamping-iron
time clock, to punch one’s time, clocking-in machine
foothold (in climbing), also an artificial foothold
stamp (mark)
discomposure, ill temper
to stamp (with a stamping tool)
stamp (tool)
to dispel (mist, fears, etc.)
to unfurl
pole
syringe
stench
stinking
to yip
a making stink
to stink up, make stink
valuation or assessment of property for purposes of taxation
to assess (for taxes)
stencil
stepping, going
pedometer
gradual
step by step, gradually, by degrees
to step
slipper of some sort
step
starch
to starch; fig. to toughen up (a person)
sterile = free of microorganisms
to sterilize = rid of microorganisms
to startle, scare
primer (explosive)
587
sterttáʒ
stertən str. III
stev adj.
stevn
stevning
stevningstrám
stevningstrïming
stevniən wk. II
stevnlistə
stevnméləm
stevnung
stevnə
stevnən wk. I
stewiən wk. II
stewvíƨ
steyk
steynən wk. I
steðyə
steʒə
stiborn
sticc
sticcən wk. I
sticl
sticwärk
sticə
stik
stikkdeynti
stikkta̋ nl
stikkwürt
stikkə
stikling
stilliən wk. II
stillnes, stilð
stillsetting
stillsettən wk. I
stillə
stillən wk. I
stiltə
sting
stingən str. III
stink
stinkən str. III
stipr
stirnlik
stirnmód
stirnə adj.
stiyråp
stiyə
stiħlən wk. I
jumper cable
to start (= be startled; jerk forward; begin suddenly; start an engine)
(of materials) durable, tough, strong
turn (to do something, of military service), shift (of work)
alternation
alternating current (electr.)
reactance (electr.)
to cite (to a court), subpoena
roster
alternately
subpoena, citation (to court)
appointment (date, time)
to alternate
to check, catch, stop, prevent motion (esp. of devices, or of quick action)
detent (in a machine, mechanism, watch, clock, etc.)
steak; (pork) chop; cutlet
to deprive of colour, wash out
the anvil-bone of the ear
scale (graduated series, succession, or progression; musical scale)
spartan
sticky matter
to stitch
prick, goad, thorn, burr, nettle
stitch, pain in the side
stitch (also = sticwärk)
prick, puncture, piercing, penetration
cocktail food on sticks
basket made of sticks
agrimony
(wrought) stick
stickleback
to be still, be motionless
stillness
internment
to intern; to ground (someone, an airplane)
still (= motionless)
to still, make still, quiet, calm
stilt
insect’s sting (organ)
to pierce, stab, sting (by an insect)
stink
to stink
‘fixture’ or similar, or ‘setting’ of a jewel, etc.
harsh, severe (person)
stern of temperament or mood
stern, grave, serious
stirrup
step (on or off, up or down), straddling; mount(ing) (of a horse, etc.)
to regiment
588
stiħt
(business’s) management
stiħtbujət
operating budget
stiħtflokk
board of directors
stiħtfe̋
working capital
stiħting
management, running (of a business); disposal (command)
stiħtkredit
operating credit
stiħtkustəƨ
operating costs
stiħtlizenzə
operating license
stiħtlürə
operating loss
stiħtən wk. I
to direct, manage, run (a business); dispose, dispatch, have at one’s command
stiħtənd
disposer
stiħtərə
director, manager
stobbə
stud (protuberance)
stod
mediator (in a dispute or debate)
stodlə
dobbie
stoff
material
to line or fill with some material, stuff (e.g. a pillow)
stoffən wk. I
stok
(built on) place, (shopping, etc.) centre, plaza
stokk
log
stokkən
made of logs
stoklív
residential complex
stokward
resident of a residential complex
stokwíc
developed quarter of a city?
stolə
stole (garment)
stompə
stump (pencil)
stong
(radio-, TV-) antenna, aerial
to stun (amaze?)
stoniən wk. II
stopp
stop, standstill
stopping
stoppage
stoppə
(small) bucket
stopper (of a bottle, etc.)
stoppəl
stoppən wk. I
to stop
storilik adj.
fictional
storiwërk, storibók
novel (book)
stork
stork
storknən wk. I
to congeal, harden (of blood and other fluids)
storm
storm
stormi
stormy
stormsa̋
stormy sea
storyə
fiction (literature)
storð
small wood
stotiən wk. II
to break down (fig., mentally, of a vehicle, of communications, of a plan, etc.)
stott
a stupid, clumsy person
stottən wk. I
to rebound, bounce
stotə
breakdown
stovbäð
steambath
stovn
base, foundation (fig., or that on which something is based, material or
abstract); stem (of a word); stock (family, origins; initial outlay of money or capital)
stovnfe̋
initial capital
589
stovning
establishment (of something), initialization
stovnkustəƨ
initial or foundational costs, initial expenses, initial capital expenditure,
preliminary expenses
initial investment
stovnmíƨə
stovnən wk. I
to found (esp. in fig. senses); to ground, base; to institute, establish, instate,
set up, initialize
stovə
bathroom
stowp
a) water-basin, such as at the base of a fountain; fuʒlstowp birdbath;
wätrstowp holy water stoup b) man-made pool, esp. when not for swimming (usu. smaller than this)
stowr
hedge-stake, fencepole
stowt
proud
stowtə
pride
straglən
to straggle
straglənd
straggler
strakiən wk. II
to span
strake (in nautical sense)
strakə
stran
strand (of rope, hair, etc.)
strand
beach
strang
strong (mostly of bodily strength)
stranghendə
strong of hand
to be strong, hold out, prevail
strangiən wk. II
stranglik
robust; sound; solid, firm, strong (argument, proof, reasoning, etc.)
strangmód
headstrong
strangung
fortitude, resilience
stranjə adj.
strange
tights
strapləƨ pl.
strapp
strap
stray adj.
stray
strayl
matting, quilt, bedspread of any kind
strayt adj.
absent-minded
straytə
estreat, extract (of a document)
strayv
a runaway (from home)
strayvən wk. I
to run away from home
strayən wk. I
to stray
strað
wide valley with a relatively flat bottom
straħt adj.
distraught
streccə
a stretch, stretching (of the limbs, body)
streccən wk. I
to stretch out (the limbs, body), straighten; to lay out, unfold
strecnes
stretched-out position
strek adj.
straight (in physical sense only)
strekkən wk. I
to straighten (tr.), make straight
streklínədə adj.
rectilinear
streknən wk. I
to straighten (intr.), become straight
strekung
relaxation
strekə
streak, vein (of ore, mineral); streak (of hair, a different colour than the rest);
contrail, wake; üvl (or mán or baluful) strekə wicked streak
streng
string
strengl
strongman
strengð
morale
590
strengə
strength
strengən wk. I
to strengthen
strenjə adj.
drastic
strenjə
strong place, stronghold
strenjən wk. I
to build character (in), strengthen morally
strenkl
aspergillum
strenklən wk. I
#(ME = to sprinkle, scatter; disperse, destroy)
strenkən wk. I
#(ME = to sprinkle)
strew
bed of hay or other piled-up matter
strewiən wk. II
to strew, spread (straw, sand, etc.)
strewsalt
road salt
strewung
straw, sand, etc. strewn about a floor or on the ground
strewən
mattress (of straw or similar), bedding
streydən str. III
to strew, scatter, sprinkle
streyn
strain, stress
streynən wk. I
to strain, stress (stretch too far, constrain)
streyt
dire strait(s)
streytən wk. I
to straiten
streħt
stretched out, extended
stric
sedition
stricl
#(OE = fount, breast)
astride
stridlingə adv.
stridə
stride
strigg
petiole, peduncle, or pedicel
strik
stroke, mark, (short) line, tittle, diacritic
strikl
strickle
striksum adj.
seditious
stripliən wk. II
to chip (at)
strippə
strip
strippən wk. I
to cut or tear into strips
strið
akimbo position
akimbo
striðlingə adv.
strokkiən wk. II
to pet
strontyum
strontium
stropp
strop (v. OED)
stroydənnes
dispersal
strudiən wk. II
to repossess
strudung
repossession
struglən
to struggle
strummən wk. I
to strum (guitar)
strumpət, putayn
slut, hussy
strutt
girder
struyən wk. I
to destroy
struyənd, struyərə
destroyer
strá
cellulose, plant fibre
strál
iris of the eye
strám
steady flow, stream, current (also electrical); tórëħt strám direct current;
stevnəndə strám alternating current
strámfar
travel with the current or flow
591
strámlik
of the flow
strámråd
sea-path
strámrünə
water-course
strámsweyp
power switch
strámwall
shore
strámwalm
surging current or flood
strámwinn
strife of waters
strámwäldənd
transistor
strápapyər
cellophane
strå
culm (of grasses); stem (of cereals)
stråd
(usu. standing) position in which the legs are spread wide apart
strådliən wk. II
to set the legs wide apart; bəstrådliən to straddle (tr.)
strådnes
aspersion
stråk
stroke (but not the affliction)
stråkiən wk. II
to stroke (repeatedly)
stråkung
stroking
sträk
strict (person)
sträklik
exact; strict (definition, agreement, etc.); sträklikə exactly; strictly
sträknes
strictness
sträw
straw
sträwberyə
strawberry
̋
stradə
pace, forward step
stra̋ nə
vein, streak (in metal, ore, etc.)
strél
missile, rocket
strélborə
craft armed with missiles
to shoot or hurtle across the sky
stréliən wk. II
strélwürt
some plant
strémən wk. I
to stream
strépən wk. I
to strip (off, take off clothes)
strét
street, avenue
stréthwemm
street corner, streetcorner
streetcar, tram
strétkarrə
strétlampə
streetlight, street light
strétlanə
lane of a street
strétward
waywarden
strétwey
tramway, streetcar line
strétwëʒ
bus
strétwëʒköyrərə
bus driver
stréyən
to deposit (something scattered)
strëkiən wk. II
to repose, relax; to relax (the muscles, a cord, something drawn tight)
strëkən str. V
to stretch, extend (intr.)
strídən str. I
to stride; bəstrídən to step over (e.g. a puddle, hole, etc.)
stríkhräyl
a cloth for wiping or rubbing
stríkən str. I
to pass lightly over the surface, stroke (in one movement, not repeatedly), rub
(in one movement, not repeatedly), wipe (in one movement, not repeatedly), graze, swipe (a credit card), brush,
brush against, strike lightly
strípiən wk. II
to stripe, ornament or mark with stripes
strípə
stripe
592
strív
state of mutual hostility, esp. between individuals; quarrel; contention; strife
(esp. between individuals)
strívən str. I
to be in a state of mutual hostility; to quarrel; to contend
stríə
beldam
strïkiən wk. II str. I
to streak
strïkə
streak (surface mark made by passing something along the surface,
distinguished from stråk which is not merely on the surface)
strïming
resistance (also electr.)
strïmən str. IV
to resist, hold fast against; not bend or crumple
strïmərə
resistor
strı̋ n
mass, (stock-)pile; collection, stock
strı̋ nd
line of ancestry or descent
̋
strındlik adj.
congenital
strı̋ nə(nd)
acquirer, acquisitor
strı̋ nən wk. I
to amass, gather, acquire, collect
stród
waterlogged land
strúding
confiscating, confiscation (v. yəstrud)
strúdən str. I
to confiscate
strúdənd, strúdərə
confiscator
strúpə
neckwarmer; turtleneck collar
strút
display, flaunting in fine attire; grandstand play
to grandstand
strútiən wk. II
stründən wk. I
to squander
stründərə
squanderer, prodigal
strűdən wk. I
to despoil
ostrich
strűtə
stubb
stump
stublhár
stubble (from shaving the beard or mustache)
stublə
stubble (the short stumps of grain, corn, etc., collectively, left standing after
harvesting)
stud
post
to look after (something, a job), take care of (a person, a problem, e.g.)
studdiən wk. II
studdung
care, trouble, pains
studiən wk. II
to post
studl
stock of a weapon
stukk adj.
stocky
stukko
stucco
stullə
framework to support construction workers or window washers
stulpə
stele
stulr
stealthy, furtive
stult
dazed
stulð
stolen good, that which is stolen
stumlən wk. I
to stumble
stump
stump of a limb or body part; stub of a tail or horn
stumpi adj.
stubby
stumrən wk. I
to tiptoe
stund
a time, period, extent of time; pref. often part-time
stundgamn
pastime
stundiən wk. II
to spend time
593
stundla̋ rərə
part-time teacher
stundméləm
at intervals, gradually, interruptedly
stundəm
from time to time, at times
stuniən wk. II
to bang, dash (against)
stunt
short (in height) < Scand
stuntlik
diminutive
stuntnes
shortness (in height)
stuppə
stupe
stuppən
to stop up, plug
sturdi
defiant; refractory
sturt
sudden impulse
stutrən wk. I
to stutter
stuttən wk. I
to run into, collide with, stumble against
stuvə
stove (to heat a room), wood-burning stove
stuvər
winter food for cattle
stuð
strut; wall-stud, upright (beam in a wall that supports the outermost roofbeam)
stábl
stablehouse, barn (building containing stalls or stables)
stájə
set (of a TV show, theatre)
sták
stake (of money; at stake)
to stake (money), put up (a prize)
stákən wk. I
stál
stalking-horse; camouflage made to look like an animal; fig. cover (to hide
something bad or disapproved), ‘beard’ of a homosexual
stáling
instalment (payment)
stálmísə
annuity (investment)
to pay (off) in instalments
stálən wk. I
stám
steam
stámenjin
steam engine
stámmaħt
steam power
stáp adj.
vertical
stáp
flagon
vertically high
stápháʒ
stápl
staple (commodity)
stát
state (condition)
stázyon
(radio-, TV-) station
ståkən wk. I
to stoke (Du stoken poke, stir up)
ståliən wk. II (wk.)
to establish (facts), determine (that)
stålərn
forum
stån
stone, rock, gem
stånax
stone-worker’s axe
stånbill
tool for working stone
stånboʒə
rocky arch
stånbrücg
stone bridge
stånbukkə
mountain goat
stånburʒ
town of stone
stånbäð
steam bath made by water poured onto heated stones
stånbërʒ
rocky elevation
stånbërəndə adj.
stony, rocky
ståncestən
type of chestnut-tree
594
ståncisl
stånciƨl
ståndën
stånflór
stånfåʒ
stånfät
stångat
stångrïpə
stånheyə
stånhlinc
stånhlið
stånhol
stånhov
stånhrücg
stånháp
stånhéwət
ståni
ståninkl
ståniħt
stånkarr
stånkistə
stånkliv
stånklúd
stånknoll
stånkol
stånkropp
stånkräftyə
stånkünn
stånlëƨing
stånlím
stånmakiən wk. II
stånmerəcə
stånrokkə
stånscal
stånscali
stånscell
stånscräv
stånscälv
stånstrét
stånstüccə
stånsűl
ståntorr
ståntungl
stånwall
stånwang
stånwey
stånwurmə
stånwërk
stånwërðung
little chest made of stone
coarse sand
stony ravine
stone floor
stone-paved
stone vessel
opening between rocks
handful of stones
stone fence, wall
stony rising ground, ledge, or ridge
rocky slope, hill-cliff
hollow in a rock or stone
stone building
rocky ridge
stone heap
place where stones are hewn
stony
little stone
rocky, stony
rock, crag
(archaeological) cist
rock, cliff, crag, ledge
rocky obstruction
rocky knoll
anthracite
stone-crop (plant)
skilled stone-worker
kind of stone
gathering of stones
cement, mortar
to petrify (convert to stone, not terrify)
tarragon
rock
shale
shaly
slate
rocky cave
rocky shelf or ledge
cobblestone street
piece of stone
stone column, monolith
stone tower, obelisk
asteroid
embankment of rock
stony field
stone-paved road
mineral colour
work in stone
worship of stones
595
stånwürħt
stone structure
stånwürħtə
mason
stånyekl
stalactite
kestrel
stånyellə
stånyədelv
stone-quarry
stånyəfäll
heap of stones (that have been dropped there)
stånyəfóʒ
stone-laying
stånyəliƨə
petrology
stånyətimbr
masonry
stånyəwërk
stone-work, something made or constructed of stone
ståring
storage
stårə
store (= stock, supply)
stårən wk. I
to store
stäl
appropiate place or position, correct place; position (in employment, etc.);
rank
ställ
vault (leap)
ställən wk. I
to vault (leap)
stälwirðə adj.
reliable, serviceable, there when you need it or him or her
stälwürt
water-starwort
stär
starling
stärn
tern (= sea swallow)
stärtliən wk. II
to kick, struggle while being held down
stäv
staff, cane (stick such as used for walking, herding, etc., as a weapon, or as a
support); ski-stick, ski-pole
stävn
prow
stäy
stay (rope)
2
stäy
pond
stäð
riverbank; (poetic) shore
stäðhlép
sheer (cliff)
stäðswalwə
sandmartin
stäðwürt
some plant
stäþþi adj.
stable
stäþþines
stability
stäþþən wk. I
to stabilize
to impute (something gen.) to (someone dat.), ascribe to, blame (something
sta̋ lən wk. I
gen.) on (someone dat.); to base (on), establish the cause (or ground(s), reason, foundation, etc.) of
sta̋ ning
stoning
sta̋ nlik
pertaining to stones or rocks
sta̋ nr
stony ground
̋
stanə
jar
sta̋ nən adj.
made of stone
̋
stanən wk. I
to stone
sta̋ yl
steep
sta̋ yr
staircase, the stairs, stairwell
sta̋ yə adj.
aloof
stélecgə
steel-edged
stélə
steel
stélən adj.
of steel; hard as steel
stélən wk. I
to temper (metals); to steel (harden, make tough fig.)
596
stéming
steaming (to soften, etc.)
stémən wk. I
to steam, give off steam
stép
chute
stépl
steeple
stépən wk. I
to erect, put up, set up, make vertical
stépərə
prop to keep things vertical
stérən wk. I
to agitate
stétən wk. I
to have an impact against: to push, shove, kick, punch, jab, jolt, butt, poke,
strike, knock, pound, beat; to knock against, collide with, impact, bump into; (golf) to putt
stëkən str. V
to fix (e.g. in the ground, on a wall, in a setting, fix prices or rates, etc., esp.
where there is a notion of piercing or penetration); anstëkən to affix, instëkən to infix, etc.
stëlscovl
shovel with (long) handle
stëlə
stalk, stem (of a herbaceous plant)
stëlən str. IV
to steal
stënən str. IV
to groan (of the earth, etc.)
stërling
sterling (n. and adj.)
stërn
forehead
stërnə
galaxy
stërrfisc
starfish
stërrgláw
clever at astronomy
stërri adj.
starry
stërrinkl
asterisk
stërrlik adj.
stellar, astral, sidereal
stërrscáwərə
astronomer
stërrstank
nebula (cloud of stars)
to read the stars
stërrwïʒliən wk. II
stërrwïʒlung
astrology
stërrwïʒlə
astrology
stërrwïʒlərə
astrologer
stërrə
star
stërt
tail (of mammals other than the horse, and of reptiles)
stërtbån
tailbone, coccyx
stërvi adj.
toxic, noxious
stërvə
dead animals, carcasses
to succumb, die (esp. from fatal or terminal diseases or illnesses)
stërvən str. III
ste̋ pbarn
orphan
ste̋ pbürə
stepchild
ste̋ pcild
orphaned infant
ste̋ pdoħtr
stepdaughter
̋
stepfädər
stepfather
ste̋ pmódr
stepmother
ste̋ psun
stepson
ste̋ r
steer = young castrated bull (often raised for beef)
ste̋ rn
stern of a ship
stí
pigsty (with frequent transference to unpleasant human quarters)
stífärʒ
pig kept in a sty
stíl
style
stípend
(clerical) stipend
stív
rigid; formal, stand-offish, chilly
597
stíviən wk. II
to be rigid or formal
stíward
butler (chief domestic servant)
stíwïtə
#(OE = stíward?, or = householder?)
stíð
strong, stout, unyielding, not bending or giving easily, inflexible; ‘tough’ of
persons; unrelenting, stubborn; inflexible of purpose
stíðecgə
stiff-edged
stíðferħþ
determined
stíðhücgəndə adj., stíðhüydi
determined, resolute, brave; obstinate, pertinacious
stíðiən wk. II
to not yield, not bend, be inflexible, be ‘tough’, be stubborn or difficult
stíðlik
of persons: not giving much, literally and figuratively; not lenient, not
indulgent
stíðmäyn
toughness of character
stíðmód
unflinching
stíðnes
stoutness, inflexibility, toughness, stubbornness
stíðwey
rough way
stíðə
some plant
stíʒ
trail (through the woods or mountains), (narrow) path
stíʒnes
mounting or dismounting; climbing (of a mountain or hill)
stíʒən str. I
to climb (on (panstíʒən), off (avstíʒən), in (instíʒən), out (útstíʒən), down
(niðərstíʒən or ədúnstíʒən) etc. (using feet only usually), step across a wide or high distance or degree of
separation, up or down, onto, into, off, out of; mount, (avstíʒən) dismount (intr.); prance, rear (of horse, animal)
stíən wk. I
to shut into a sty (pigsty)
stïkiən wk. II
to pierce, penetrate
stïkiəndə adj.
penetrative, penetrating
stïkl
rugged (mountain), rocky; arduous, rough, difficult (climb, road)
stïklnes
ruggedness; arduosity
stïkung
piercing, penetration
stïkədlik adj.
penetrable (material, e.g.)
stïy
stair, step (of a staircase); level (= niveau); degree; stage
stïyákə
increment
incremental
stïyákəndə adj.
stïʒiən
to gradate; to go or advance in steps or stages or by degrees
stïʒl
stile
stïʒlhamm
enclosed pasture reached by a stile
in steps or stages
stïʒlik adj.
stïʒung
gradation
stı̋ pnes
bereavement, orphaning
stı̋ pən wk. I
to bereave, orphan
stı̋ r
steering; direction; guidance (esp. moral)
stı̋ rbord
starboard
stı̋ rhúƨ
bridge (of a ship)
̋
stırik
male calf
stı̋ rkovə
cockpit
stı̋ rláƨ adj.
under no control or direction, wild, profligate
stı̋ rláƨlik
unmanageable
stı̋ rmann
pilot, steersman
stı̋ rnes
guidance, advice
stı̋ rnäyl
handle of a helm
stı̋ rrëʒl
directive
598
stı̋ rróðr
stı̋ rrőðrə
stı̋ rscepə
stı̋ rscovl
stı̋ rsetl
stı̋ rspréc
stı̋ rstävn
stı̋ rwërð adj.
stı̋ rə adj.
stı̋ rə
stı̋ rən wk. I
stı̋ rənd
stód
stódfaləd
stódmerə
stódþe̋ v
stól
stóp
stópl
stór adj.
stór
stórhúƨ
stóriən wk. II
stórkillə, stórfät
stórstikkə
stórsäp
stów
stówiən wk. II
stówlik adj.
stównamyəliƨə
stównamə
stówsäl
stówung
stówyəliƨə
stör
störlik
störlïrnərə
störtraħtərə
störwrítərə
störwürcəndə adj.
störyəwrit
stöypən wk. I
stődə, stódhors
stőring
stőringyəmang
stőrən wk. I
stúdyo
stúklik
stúkə
rudder
steersman
pilotage
rudder
steersman’s seat
reproof
stern of ship
reprehensible
strapping
helmsman
to steer; direct
director
stud of horses
stud-fold, paddock
brood-mare, stud-mare
horse-thief
chair; throne
stoop (uncovered porch)
footprint
strong, noble, manly, impressive; handsome in a stately way
frankincense
storehouse
to upset (emotionally)
censer for frankincene
rod for stirring the frankincense in the censer?
resin of frankincense
place; building, locale; area, field, court, pitch
to stow
local
toponymy
place-name
stowage (room)
stowage (operation, condition)
topography (accurate and detailed description of a place)
history
historical, historic
student of history
commentator on history
historian
history-making, historic
historiography
to overturn, capsize
studhorse
fragrance
potpourri
to spread fragrance throughout (a room, e.g.)
(film, television, radio) studio
conical
cone
599
stúnən wk. I
stúpiən wk. II
stúr adj.
stúr
stút
stübbən wk. I
stüccjüw
stüccméləm
stüccə
stüflən
stüggən wk. I
stültən wk. I
stüng
stünt
stüntən wk. I
stüring
stüringyəliƨə
stüriən wk. I
stüriəndlik
stürlik adj.
stürmən wk. I
(tr.)
stürnes
stürtən wk. I
stürvi
stüryə
stüvikiən wk. II
stüviklá
stüvikung
stűwə
stűwən wk. I
subdíakon
subjekt
subjektiv
sudayn
impromptu, improvised
sudlən wk. I
sudəƨ
suffring
suffrən wk. I
suflərə
suggə
sujet
sujurn
sujurnən wk. I
suk
sukbollə
sukfal
sukkur
to astonish, astound
to stoop
fiercely contested; highly competitive
armed contest, contest in battle
horsefly
to truncate, cut short
jigsaw puzzle
piecemeal, little by little
piece, portion, bit
to stifle
to be alarmed
to daze
stab, sting
limitation, restriction
to limit, restrict
motion, moving
kinetics
to move, stir (tr. and intr., and fig.)
moving (fig.)
kinetic
to storm, rage, roar (intr.); bəstürmən to overwhelm as with a storm, storm
movement; power of motion
to be startled
belonging to an animal which died of disease
sturgeon
to extirpate, root out
a clearing in a wood where the trees have been rooted out
extirpation
sauna, steamroom
to bathe in hot vapour or steam
subdeacon
subject (of discussion; of a sentence)
subjective
done, performed, or prepared on the spur of the moment: extempore,
to vitiate
suds
tribulation
to undergo
slipper
titlark
subject (person)
sojourn
to sojourn
suck
sucker (e.g. on an octopus, adhesive cup)
sucker (sucking tube)
military aid, succour
600
sulayn
sulinkl
sulki
sulkən or sulkiən wk. II
sulpən wk. I
sultán
sulung
sulʒ (pl sülʒ)
sulʒbám
sulʒgang
sulʒyətı̋ ʒ
sulʒyəwërk
sulʒäkr
sulʒälmüssə
sulʒə, sulʒhabbərə
sum adj.
sumda̋ l
summən wk. I
sumpə
sumr
sumrha̋ tə
sumrhúƨ
sumrlang
sumrlik
sumrlodə
sumrla̋ cən wk. I
sumrlïdə
sumrmessə
sumrrédingbók
sumrseldə
sumƨən wk. I
sun
sund
sundamprə
sundbréc
sundbúənd
sundhamə
sundhelm
sundhenjəst
sundhwät
sundhúvə
sundkorn
sundlowʒ
sundlínə
sundnüttə
sundplëʒə
sundr adj.
special; private
sundranwald
sullen
small plough
sulky
to sulk
to desecrate
sultan
Hist. carrucate
plough
plough tail
day’s ploughing; the measure of land so ploughed
ploughing implements
plough-making
a strip of land for ploughing
ecclesiastical tax on ploughed land
ploughman
(a) certain, (a) particular
somewhat, some portion
to hum
sump, cesspool
summer
summer heat
summer-house
summer-long
of summer
summer-shoot, twig
to draw on towards summer
summer army or expedition (one which comes only for the summer)
summer-mass
summer lectionary
gazebo?
to buzz
son
swimming; poet. and in some compounds = sea, ocean, water
dock (plant)
swimming trunks
sea-dweller
bathing suit
covering of water, sea
horse of the sea, ship
good at swimming
swimming cap, bathing cap
saxifrage
swimming-pool
sounding-line
use of the power of swimming
sporting in the waves
apart, separated, isolated; adv. apart, separately, differently; pref. often =
monarchy
601
sundrborən
sundrecəd
sundrervə
sundrfolʒəð
sundrfrídóm
sundrfe̋
sundrgenjə
sundrhålʒə
sundri adj.
sundriən wk. II
sundrkräft
sundrkräfti
sundrküþþ
sundrland
sundrlik adj.
sundrluk
sundrlépscepə
sundrlépə adj.
sundrlív
sundrlúkən str. II
sundrmessə
sundrmédu
sundrméləm
sundrnot
sundrnüttə
sundrscepə
sundrseld
sundrsetl
sundrsettən wk. I
sundrsprék
sundrte̋ n str. II
sundrtüyə
sundrwinə
sundrwundr
sundrwërðmünd
sundrwërðung
sundrwík
sundryëv
sundryəkünd
sundryəriħtə
sundryərővland
sundra̋
sundrűrən wk. I
sundrűrənd
sundwud
sundyəbland
sunnbaru
sunnbrünə
sunnbákn
of special birth
sea-edifice, ark
private inheritance
special following
privilege
private assets, private property
solitary animal
Pharisee
separate
to set apart, isolate
special skill
having a special skill
special knowledge
private property (in land)
special; exceptional
reclusion, recluse’s state
particularity
especial, particular (sundrlépəƨ especially, particularly)
life in seclusion
to put in reclusion
special mass, separate mass
private meadow
separately, apart from the rest
special employment, special office
special use
specialty
special platform (for a throne)
hermitage
to allocate, set apart for a special purpose
private conversation or conference
to secede
secession
special benefactor
special wonder
special mark of distinction
special honour, prerogative
separate encampment
special gift, dispensation
special quality
special right, privilege
land reserved to the jurisdiction of a yərővə
special religious law
to specialize
specialist
‘sea-wood’, ship poet.
commingled sea, surge
line of trees providing shade from the sun
sunburn
heliograph
602
sunnbám
sunnbërħt
sunndáw
Sunndäy
sunndíal
sunnenerjíə
Sunnfeld
sunnflúr
sunnfolʒənd
sunngangəƨ adv.
sunni
sunnkorn
sunnkrúnə
sunnlampə
sunnlik
sunnle̋ mə
sunnle̋ ħt
Sunnmorʒn
sunnrist
sunnscäd
sunnscénə
sunnscímə
sunnscín
sunnsetlgang
sunnsiyə
sunnskrén
sunnskúwə
sunnspaldr
sunnstedə
sunnswelm
sunnsüstéma
sunntawn
sunnwar
sunnzellə
sunnzentrisc
Sunnäħt
Sunnévən
sunnölə
Sunnúħtə
sunnə
sunr
sup
supkuklər
supl adj.
suppən wk. I
supr
supín
supə
supən wk. I
sunbeam
bright with sunshine
sundew
Sunday
sundial
solar energy
Elysian fields
sunflower
(variety of) heliotrope
moving with the sun
sunny
gromel (plant)
corona (of the sun)
heliostat
solar, of the sun
sunbeam
sunlight
Sunday morning
sunrise
sunshade, parasol
radiant as the sun
ray of sunshine
sunshine
sunset
sunset
parasol
solar eclipse
suntan lotion
solstice
sunstroke
solar system
suntan
sun protection, sunscreen
solar cell
heliocentric
Saturday night
Saturday evening
suntan oil
early Sunday morning
sun
herd of swine
soup
soupspoon
supple
to quaff
social dinner, with guests e.g.
supine (of Latin grammar)
spoonful (of liquid), sip
to have dinner, sup (esp. a social dinner with guests)
603
surd adj.
irrational (numbers)
surdən wk. I
to originate, spring (from)
surelə
sorrel
surloynə
sirloin
surra̋ lism
surrealism
surra̋ listə
surrealist
surƨ
source (only fig. = origin, cause, resource); surƨəƨ sources, references (of a
literary work)
sutl
clear (to the mind), plain, evident, manifest, readily understood
sutliən wk. II
to make clear, make plain, make evident, make manifest
sutlung
manifestation, Epiphany
sutlungdäy
Epiphany
sutlən wk. I
to carry on the business of a sutler
sutlərə
sutler
suttil
subdued, subtle
suvl
relish (for crackers or bread) such as pickled vegetables, cured meats,
specialty cheeses, etc. (= pålägg, pålegg)
suvling
flavour(ing), added flavour
suvlingmetə
condiment; (hot dog) relish (péklsuvlingmetə, mayƨsuvlingmetə)
suvliən wk. II
to top with a relish (of crackers, bread)
hors-d’oeuvre
suvlmetə
suvrayn
sovereign (n. and adj.)
suvraynté
sovereignty
suylə
soiling, soil
suylən wk. I
to soil
essoin
suynə
suʒ
extract (liquid)
suħt
influenza
suħti
having influenza
suħtəryə
protégé
to heave the breast/chest, breathe deeply
suħħiən wk. II
swa
conj. as
swabb
swab
swabbə
swabber
country bumpkin
swaddə
swagg
bouncer (at a bar)
swaggən wk. I
to move unsteadily or heavily form side to side or up and down, to sway
without control
swagrən wk. I
to swagger
swak
flaccid, limp
swakkən wk. I
to dash on the ground or floor, dash to pieces
swal adj.
in the shade, shaded from the sun
swal
tent, awning, screen or umbrella that provides shade
swall
swell (of the sea)
swalm
sty (on the eye)
swalprən wk. I
(of waves) to crash, break
swaltrən wk. I
to tread water
swalwə
swallow (bird)
604
swalʒ
an opening or cavity, such as are common in limestone formations, through
which a stream disappears underground
swamm
fungus
swamp
swamp
swampi adj.
swampy
swample̋ ħt
will-o’-the-wisp, jack-o’-lantern, ignis fatuus
swan
swan
swang
a swing, oscillation
swang
emaciated, lean, thin
swangl
s(w)ingletree
swangr
inactive, inert
swangrnes
inactivity, inertia
swangə
flank (of a man or animal)
swangən wk. I
to swing back and forth or from side to side, oscillate
swangərə
pendulum
to wave, swing, totter, stagger, shake, rock, sway, oscillate, waver, falter,
swangətən wk. I
vacillate, vary, fluctuate, move unstably
swank
ostentatious and pretentious behaviour or talk, swaggering
swanki
ostentatious and pretentious, swaggering
swankr
svelte
swankən wk. I
to behave ostentatiously, swagger; to pretend by one’s behaviour to be
superior to what one is
swanråd
swan’s road, sea
swanstërrə
evening star
swappən wk. I
to conclude (a bargain), seal (a deal)
swar
sworn statement
sward
rind of pork or bacon, crispy skin
swarm
swarm
swarmiən wk. II
to swarm
swart
a) = blak; b) dark-skinned, of negroid, australoid, or middle-eastern ethnicity
̋
dark blue with a touch of green
swarthawə
swarti
swarthy
swartiən wk. II
to become black, blacken
swartling
dark-skinned person
swartlåst
with black tracks
swartnes
blackness, black substance; black (negroid, etc.) heritage
swartung
blackening
swarvən wk. I
to faint, swoon
swarð
turf, greensward
swasc
wet refuse or filth
swastika
swastika
swatlən wk. I
to tipple
swatə
hops
swayl
planking, timber in planks, boards, or laths
swað
trace, vestige
swaðiən wk. II
to track, trace
swaðl
swaddling-clothes
swaðliən wk. II
to swaddle
swaðla̋ cən wk. I
to search out, visit (to search)
605
swaðriən wk. II
swebbing
swebbən wk. I
sweccən wk. I
swek
swelk
swelklik adj.
swelknes
swelkə
though
swelkə
swell
swelling
swellən str. III
swelm
sweltri
sweltrən wk. I
sweltən str. III
swelʒ
swelʒən str. III
swelʒənd
swelʒərə
swemmən wk. I
swenc
swencən wk. I
cause to labour”)
sweng
swengl
swengən wk. I
swenjən wk. I
swenk
swenkən wk. I
sweriən str. VI
swermən wk. I
swertling
swetrən wk. I
swevl
swevlþroƨm
swevlən
swevn
swevniən wk. II
swevniənd
swevəkiən wk. II
swevəkərə
sweyl adj.
sweyl
sweylbërħt
sweylbóƨm
sweylkandl
to die down, subside, abate
euthanasia
to put down, euthanize (e.g. animals, the terminally ill)
to smell (tr.)
whiff, hint, soupçon, trace; soupçon, hint (of a flavour or
such, like that
qualitative
quality, characteristic
adv. in like manner, in such manner, likewise; conj. just as; (w. subj.) as if, as
bulge
tumid, proud
swelling (the act, motion)
to swell
heatstroke
sultry
to swelter
to pass out, black out, lose consciousness
a swallow (gulp)
to swallow
a) whirlpool, vortex, gulf; b) glutton, drunkard, debauchee
glutton, drunkard, debauchee
to float (tr.)
tribulation
to oppress, trouble, distress, torment, etc. (i.e. “cause to toil, cause to struggle,
a swing (of the arms)
swingle
to swing (the arms, legs, a bat, a weapon, a stick, a sling)
to thrash, flail
discomfort, unease
to try the patience of
to swear
be enthusiastic or wild (about), have a crush on (a person)
warbler
(of ducks, geese, etc.) to splash the wings in the water
sulfur
sulfurous smoke
sulfurous, of brimstone
dream
to dream
dreamer
to fall asleep
sleeper (on the job)
clear (sky, weather), cloud-free
atmosphere; (clear) sky
bright as clear skies
heavens, sky, ether
poet. sun
606
sweylküng
sweyltorħt
sweylwuldr
sweylwundr
sweyn
sweyp
sweypən wk. I
sweyr
sweyv
sweyvi adj.
sweyvrən wk. I
sweyvscrið
sweyvən wk. I
sweyʒ
sweðiən wk. II
sweðl
sweðliən wk. II
sweðriən wk. II
sweðrung
sweðə
swicə
swift
swiftə
swiftən wk. I
swiftərə
swik
swikdóm
swikful
swikkräft
swikn
swiknən wk. I
swiliən wk. II
(drinks, alcohol)
swilung
swilyə
swimlən wk. I
swimmən str. III
swimməndlik
swimmərət
swinc
swindlən wk. I
swindən str. III
swing
swingliən wk. II
swinglung
swingə
swingəl
swingən str. III
swingərə
King of the air
heavenly splendid
heavenly glory
heavenly wonder
swain, lad
flick; electrical switch
to flick; to switch (on or off)
mother-in-law
sinuous curve; sine curve (mathematics); meandering, curve, bend (of a river)
sinuous
to feel dizzy, reel
slalom
to meander, wind (from side to side or sinuously)
flexible stalk
to swathe
diaper
to wrap with a diaper
to subside
a subsiding
swathe (bandage, wrapping)
deception, illusion, pretense, falseness, deceit
swift, fast-running
swiftness
to accelerate
accelerator
betrayal
treason
traitorous
treachery
clearance, discharge
to clear (of a charge)
to swill, wash (the inside of the mouth), gargle, rinse; to swill, knock back
swilling, wash, gargle
watering-place for animals
to feel dizzy
to swim
able to swim
swimmeret
trouble, pains, hardship, strain
to swindle
to dwindle
a stroke, swing, motion
to become dizzy, lose one’s balance
dizzyness
chastisement by whipping/flogging/scourging
scourge
to whip, flog, scourge; to beat, whip (eggs, milk, etc.)
scourger
607
swink
toil
swinkdaʒəƨ
days of toil
swinkful
toilsome, troublesome, laborious
swinklik
laborious
swinkláƨ
without toil
swinkən str. III
to toil
swinn
melody
swinƨiən wk. II
to harmonize
swinƨung
harmonization
swinƨungkräft
skill at harmonization
swippən wk. I
to take off (run), scram
swipə
stroke = sudden action, sudden occurrence
swipəlƨ
swipple
swirbån
neckbone
swirbåʒ
collar open at one end
swirhnit
nit which lives on the neck of animals
swirkosp
stocks, pillory (of the kind resembling the stocks)
swirkoðə
quinsy
swirl
swirl
swirlən wk. I
to swirl
neck-chain
swirrakəntə
swirród
cross worn on the neck
swirscakl
pillory (of the kind consisting of a ring around the neck and wrists)
swirtüyl
rein that goes around an animal’s neck
swirwärk
pain in the neck
swirə
neck (strictly speaking, halƨ is the front of the neck, hnekkə is the back of the
neck or nape, and swirə is the entire neck all the way around; however informally halƨ is also used of the entire
neck (especially in humans), and swirə is the most commonly used for animals’ necks)
swiscən wk. I
to swish
swivl
swivel
swiz
switch (rod, stick) (< MDu or MLG)
to become uncertain; to lose intensity or force
swiðriən wk. II
swodriən wk. II
to snooze, doze
swol
heat of the sun; oppressive heat, swelter
swoli
torrid
swolʒətən wk. I
to gargle, wash the throat
swoləð
burner, element (as on a stove or in an oven), radiator (heater)
sworniən wk. II
#(OE = to coagulate)
sworəting
hyperventilation
sworətən wk. I
to breathe heavily, hyperventilate
swoʒniən wk. II
to swoon, be in a swoon
swoʒə
forcible movement
swoʒən
in a swoon, having fainted, unconscious
swájə
swage
swájən wk.
to discharge (a gun, etc.)
swár
difficult to move, bulky, cumbersome, ponderous, unwieldy, heavy, massive
swárlik
grievous, oppressive, grave, severe
swávə adj.
suave, sweet-talking
swáyən wk. I
to sway, swing (of something hanging down)
608
swå
swåmiən wk. II
swån
swånrëħt
swånyərővə
swåp
swåpən str. VII
swåt
swåti
swåtklåð, swåtlín
swåtswað
swåtþwál
swåtþürl
swåþáʒ
swärk
swärkiən wk. II
swärkmód
swärkung
swäð
swa̋ m
swa̋ mə
swa̋ mən wk. I
swa̋ pi
swa̋ pə
swa̋ pəls
swa̋ tən wk. I
swé
swélən wk. I
swér adj.
swérburð
swérlik
swérmód
swérmódnes
swérnes
swérən wk. I
swéƨ adj.
swéƨlik adj.
swéƨla̋ cən wk. I
swéƨnes
swéƨwürdi adj.
swéƨənd
swéƨənddaʒəƨ
swëlən str. IV
energy, light, etc.)
swëləð
swërd
swërdbalu
swërdbennəd
swërdbitə
to this degree, this, so (qualifying adjectives and adverbs)
to falter
farmhand
law as to farmhands
officer set over the depasturing of swine in forests?
sweep
to sweep
sweat, perspiration
sweaty
cloth for wiping away sweat, towel
trail of sweat
antiperspirant
pore of the skin
however
dim
to dim
unintelligent
dimming
swath
trifle
trifler, idler
to spend time idly
fraudulent, sham
scam, scheme
garment wrapped about the body, toga, Muslim dress
to sweat, perspire
in this way, so, thus
to cremate, incinerate
reluctant, disinclined, loth
difficult birth
inactive, indolent, slothful
difficult, staid (resisting change)
staidness (tendency to resist change)
reluctance, disinclination, lothness
to weigh down
cute; sugary, sweet
cutesy, affectedly pleasant or friendly
to flatter or fawn upon ingratiatingly, wheedle, “suck up to”
wheedling, ingratiation
fair-spoken
candy, sweet
ides
(intr.) to give off heat, radiate heat, be hot; (tr.) to radiate (usually heat, also
radiation (esp. of heat)
sword
sword-bale
wounded with a sword
sword wound
609
swërdborə
swërdbërəndə adj.
swërdfrëkə
swërdfétəlƨ
swërdgift
swërdgripə
swërdhwít
swërdle̋ mə
swërdplëʒə
swërdréƨ
swërdsleyə
swërdtüyə
swërdwíʒənd
swërdwürħtə
swërdyəníðlə
swërdyəswing
swërdədə
swërkən str. III
swërvən str. III
swërə
swëstr (pl., dat. sg. swistr)
swëstrbarn
swëstrhåd
swëstrrédən
swëstrscepə
swëstrsun
swëtə
swëviən wk. II
(anesthetize, anesthetic)
swëviənd
swëvsang
swëvən str. V
swëvəndə adj.
swëvət
swëʒən str. V
to ride (waves)
swëħt
swe̋ r
swe̋ t
swík
swíking, swíknes
swíkən str. I
swíkənd
swílik adj.
swímə
swín
swínhaʒə
swínhirdə
swínlik
sword-bearer, swordsman
sword-bearing
swordsman, warrior
scabbard
gift of swords
grasping of a sword
#(OE = sword-furbisher)
flashing of swords
swordplay
attack with a sword
sword-thrust
sword-drawing
sworded warrior
swordmaker
sworded foe
sword-brandishing
provided with a sword
to become dark, cloud over
to file, polish
podium
sister
sister’s child, nephew, niece
sisterhood (association)
sisterhood (condition)
sorority
sister’s son, nephew
scrotum
to put to sleep, lull to sleep; to anaesthetize, put under anaesthetic
anaesthetic (adj. and n.), anesthetic
lullaby
to be unconscious
unconscious
unconsciousness
to move back and forth, up and down, or from side to side, oscillate, vacillate;
momentum, impetus
father-in-law
squadron
disappointment, letdown
disappointment
to disappoint
one who disappoints
spastic, spasmodic
vertigo, dizziness
swine (pigs, hogs collectively)
pig-pen
swineherd
swinish
610
swínnes
pork food
swínsuħt
swine flu
swínən adj.
of swine, porcine
swít
suite
swíung
spasm
swívən str. I
to be borne or carried (along), out of one’s control (such as on a wayward
horse, or carried by someone bigger than oneself, also to be driven by the wind, a current, etc., = fle̋ tən, but
usually more violently than the motion expressed by fle̋ tən), be swept away (and fig. emotionally, be swept off
one’s feet, be transported to a different state of consciousness, etc.)
Swíz
Switzerland
Swízisc
Swiss
Swízwər
a Swiss
swíð
powerful, strong, intense; swíðə very, intensely, powerfully, strongly
swíðferħþ
bold, brave, rash
swíðfram
very strong
swíðfäst
potent, powerful
swíðfërm
rich, fruitful
swíðhwät
very sharp-witted
swíðhücgəndə
bold-minded
swíðiən wk. II
to be powerful, strong, or intense
swíðlik
severe, excessive, violent, intense; immense
swíðliknes
severity, excess
swíðlät
very late
swíðmaħti
very powerful
swíðmód
wilful, headstrong
swíðmódnes
wilfulness, being headstrong
swíðnes
power, intensity, force, strength
swíðriən wk. II
to intensify
swíðsmelləndə adj.
strong-smelling
swíðsnell
very smart
swíðsprëkl
very talkative
talking much
swíðsprëkəndə adj.
swíðstrang
very strong
swíðstrémə
having a strong current, rapid
strong-sounding, heroic (?)
swíðswőyə
swíðə
intensity, magnitude, power
swíðən str. I
to sizzle
swíʒmessə
silent mass
swíʒnes
time of silence
swíʒtíd
silent hour, eventide, early part of the night
swíʒúħtə
dawn of the days of silence
swíʒə
silence, quiet, stillness
swíʒən str. I
to become silent, shut up
swíən wk. I
to spasm
swïkiən wk. II
to be unfaithful or disloyal
swïkl
treacherous, traitorous
swïklnes
treachery
swïkə
traitor
swïpiən wk. II
to whip
611
swïpr
cunning
swïpə
whip
swïʒiən wk. II
to be (remain) silent, be (remain) quiet, hold one’s tongue, not speak
swïʒiənd
silent
swïʒung
silence, holding onee’s tongue
Swı̋ , pl. Swı̋ n
Swede
Swı̋ land
Sweden
Swı̋ rícə
another name for Sweden
Swı̋ sc adj.
Swedish
Swı̋ þe̋ d
Swedes, Sweden
swór
affidavit
swót
palatable
swótiən
to make palatable
swótlik
savoury, seasoned
swótmetə
palatable food, seasoned food
swótnes
palatability
agreeable-smelling
swótre̋ kəndə adj.
swóʒ
a rustling, rushing, or murmuring sound; loud breathing, panting, wheezing,
sigh(ing)
swóʒən str. VII
to make a rustling, rushing, or murmuring sound, as of water, wind, leaves,
etc.; to breathe loudly, pant, wheeze, sigh (loudly)
sweetbriar, eglantine
swőtbrér
swőting
sweet one, darling
swőtiən wk. II
to be sweet
swőtlik
cutesy, dainty
to entice or fatten with sweets
swőtla̋ cən wk. I
swőtmetə
sweetmeat
swőtnes
sweetness
swőtswőyə
sweet-sounding
swőtwürdi
sweet-talking, smooth-spoken
sweet (in all English senses)
swőtə adj.
swőtən wk. I
to sweeten, make sweet
swőy
a sound
swőydünə
noise, crash
euphonic
swőyfäyr
swőyfäyrnes
euphony
swőying
sound, noise, clang, roar
swőykräft
musician’s art, music
swőylik
of sound, sonic
̋
swőysamlacing
onomatopoeia
swőysamla̋ clik
onomatopoeic
̋
swőysamlacən
to practise onomatopoeia
swőysond
sonar
swőywixl
metathesis
swőyyəlíkiəndə adj.
assonant
swőyyəlíkung
assonance
swőyécənd
microphone
swőyəlünd adj.
aphetic
swőyəlünning
aphesis
612
swőyən wk. I
swőyənd
swőyəndlik adj.
swült
swülə
sábl
sábr
ságú
ságútre̋
sálep
sám
sám2
sámhors
sámiən wk. II
sámsadl
sámstikkə
sámərə
sámərə2
sáməstrə
sár adj.
sáriən wk. II
sávur
sávuri
sávurən wk. I
sáw
sáð
sáðə
så
sådə
sål
såniən wk. II
såp
såpbox
såpi
såpə
såpərə
sår
sårbenn
sårbót
såreyə
sårferħþ
sårful
såri
såricerm
såriferħþ
sårilik
sårimód
sårines
såriən wk. II
to make a sound or noise, to sound
one who or that which makes a sound or noise
sonant
swoon
varicose vein, varix
sable
sabre
sago
sago tree
salep
seam; suture
pack
pack-horse
to pack
pack-saddle
an appliance used in weaving
beast of burden
seamster
seamstress
arid, parched
to become arid or parched
savour
savoury
to savour
juice
well (pit or hole from which water is drawn); pit
heartburn
bucket with two ears through which a pole is passed
cord
guy-rope, guy
to lag
resin
soapbox
soapy
soap
soap dealer
pain
painful wound
compensation for wounding
painful terror
hurt, hurting (fig.)
in pain, pained, hurting
sorry; full of regret
cry of regret
sad-hearted
regrettable
dejected
sorriness, regret
to hurt (intr., of a wound, etc.), be painful
613
sårklåð
bandages, dressing (for a wound)
sårkrenə (sårkrənə?)
sore, tender, sensitive
sårkwidə
lament, complaint, grievance, regret (expression of)
sårlik
painful
sårlikə adv.
sorely, bitterly, heavily, grievously, painfully, extremely
sårláƨ
painless
sårláƨnes
painlessness, analgesia
sårnes
suffering, affliction, grief, distress
painful blow
sårsleyə
sårspell
sad story, complaint
sårstäv
cutting word, abusive comment, jibe
sårsïvung
sigh of pain
sårwalm
overwhelming feeling of pain, wave of pain
sårwrak
grievous retaliation
sårʒiən wk. II
to experience pain, hurt (intr., of a person)
hurting, pain
sårʒung
sårən wk. I
to soar
sårətən
to express one’s pain, cry, complain, lament
såwl
soul, animating principle; spirit (in this same sense; as opposed to body,
matter, etc.); mind, psyche; personality, character
såwlbërənd
animate object (originally only human beings, later extended to all animals,
such as exhibit fear or other emotion/feeling/drive)
såwldre̋ r
deep tragedy
såwlflőktnes
psychological complex
såwlhord
psyche, psychological history
body (“soul-house”)
såwlhúƨ
såwliən wk. II
to expire, give up the ghost (as synonyms of “to die”)
såwlkund
spiritual, of the soul or spirit (in the above sense); mental; ethereal,
incorporeal
såwlkunnərə
psychologist
såwllik
spiritual, of the soul or spirit; psychological (problems, etc.)
soulless
såwlláƨ
såwlscätt
payment to the church on the death of a person
såwltəsmáyung
psychoanalysis
to psychoanalyze
såwltəsmáyən wk. II
såwlung
expiry, expiration (as synonyms of death)
såwlyədål
departure of the soul, death
såwlyəliƨə
psychology
såwlþarv
soul’s need
såwlþerapistə
psychotherapist
såwlþerapía
psychotherapy
såwlədə
having a soul, animate
såwən str. VII
to sow, plant seeds, implant
såwərə
sower
såʒ
a sinking, descent; subsidence
såʒl
club
såʒpuynt
anticlimax
säcc
dispute
säccl
satchel
614
säcgə
säcgən wk. I
säcgənd
säd
sädnes
säk, sakful adj.
säl
sälhrüst
sälha̋ tstïy
sältən wk. I
sälð
säp
säpi
säppə
säpscavðə
Sätərdäy
Sätərnäħt
Sävərn
säwyər
reservoirs, dams, fishponds, etc.
säx
säxbenn
Säxisc
Säxland
Säxə
säyən
säyəntimbrlik adj.
säyəntimbrnes
säyənyətimbr
sa̋
sa̋ arm
sa̋ bróʒə
sa̋ burʒ
sa̋ båt
sa̋ bërʒ
sa̋ ciƨl
sa̋ cärr
sa̋ cästr
sa̋ drakə
sa̋ de̋ r
sa̋ farəð
sa̋ fisc
sa̋ flotə
sa̋ flód
sa̋ färəld
sa̋ fästən
sa̋ fór
sa̋ genjə
sa̋ grund
informant
to say; to tell (someone dat. something, a fact)
speaker
full (having eaten one’s fill); sated; weary, tired, fed up (of something gen.)
satiety
at fault, to blame (for something)(sakful often refers to the emotion of guilt)
room (in a house or building)
décor
indoor temperature
to add salt to (for flavour -- to cure with salt is saltən)
home (institution, e.g. for seniors, the insane, the chronically sick, students)
sap
full of sap, succulent
spruce
a shaving with sap in it
Saturday
Friday night
Severn river
a subterranean drain to carry off the water in a mine; overflow channel for
knife
knife-wound
(West) Saxon
land of the (West) Saxons
(West) Saxons
(grammatical) sentence
syntactic
syntax
sentence structure
sea
arm of the sea
panic on the sea
seaport town
sea-going boat
seamount
sea-sand (‘sea-gravel’)
ebb and flow of the sea
fort by the sea
sea-dragon
marine animal
sea-current
sea-fish, marine fish
maritime fleet
inundation by the sea
departure on a sea-voyage
sea-stronghold, ocean
maritime expedition
seaworthy
sea-bottom
615
sa̋ gråd
sa̋ gre̋ t
sa̋ halv
sa̋ henjəst
sa̋ hetə
sa̋ holm
sa̋ hund
sa̋ iyl
sa̋ kliv
sa̋ kokk
sa̋ kol
sa̋ küng
sa̋ l
sa̋ land
sa̋ lik
sa̋ låd
sa̋ låk
sa̋ låv
sa̋ le̋ ð
sa̋ lívyəliƨə
sa̋ líðənd
sa̋ lïdə
sa̋ lən wk. I
sa̋ lən2 wk. I
sa̋ mann
sa̋ marʒ
sa̋ metə
sa̋ mintə
sa̋ ma̋ rə
sa̋ mőðə adj.
sa̋ múr
sa̋ mə adj.
unsatisfactory
sa̋ mən wk. I
sa̋ n adj.
sa̋ nakə
sa̋ nett
sa̋ ng
sa̋ nlik adj.
sa̋ nässə
sa̋ nə adj.
sa̋ ostrə
sa̋ r
sa̋ rink
sa̋ robərə
sa̋ rérik
sa̋ rïmə
sa̋ róv
sa̋ sang
sea level
gravel on the seashore
part/side facing the sea
hippopotamus
raging sea
islet in the sea
sea-lion
sea urchin
cliff by the sea
cockle (animal)
mineral coal (see kol)
sea-king
seal (fastening)
maritime district
of the sea, marine
sea-route
present for good luck upon a ship’s departure (OE = “sea-gift, sea-spoil”)
sea-leavings, jetsam
poem about the sea
marine biology
sailor, seafarer, sea-voyager
seafarer
to guy (steady or guide with a guy or guy-rope)
to seal (fasten)
seaman; pirate, viking
sea-horse
seafood
sea-mint
sea-edge, sea-border
weary from a sea-voyage
coastal cliff(s)
unsatisfactory, lacking, insufficient, inadequate; sa̋ mrə inferior, sa̋ məst most
to loaf around
maritime
sea-faring vessel, ship, boat
net for sea-fishing
duvet, comforter
scenic (of the theatre)
cape, promontory
lax, remiss, negligent, careless, slack
sea-oyster
sear (of a gun)
sea-adventurer
pirate
growth of sea-reeds, bed of sea-reeds
“sea-edge”, coast, seashore
renowned (or competent, heroic) at sea
rowers’ song
616
sa̋ scaðə
pirate
̋
sascell
sea-shell
sa̋ snoffi
seasick
sa̋ snoffə
seasickness
sa̋ snäyl
sea-snail
sa̋ strand
shore (“beach”) between high and low tides
sa̋ strám
sea-current
sa̋ stërrə
guiding star (for sailors), polestar
sa̋ swalwə
sand-martin
sa̋ sét
anchoring at sea (as in a bay)
sa̋ síð
sea-voyage
sa̋ tə
seat (esp. figurative), residence
sa̋ upwarp
objects/debris thrown up by the sea
sa̋ wall
breakwater, mole
sa̋ walm
raging seas
sea-shore, beach
sa̋ wang
sa̋ ward
coast-warden
sa̋ warəð
coastal sandbar
sa̋ wey
sea-way
̋
sawud
(wooden) sea-vessel, ship
seaweed
sa̋ wår
̋
sawåʒ
wall of water (in the Red Sea)
sa̋ wätr
sea-water
sa̋ wéy
sea-wave
sa̋ wíking
sea-viking
sea-creature
sa̋ wïħt
sa̋ wőri
sea-weary
sa̋ wət
sowing, sowing-time
sa̋ yáp
capacious (ship), broad- and deep-hulled
sa̋ yəma̋ rə
sea-coast, boundary of the sea
to lower (tr.)
sa̋ yən wk. I
sa̋ yəset
coast region
sa̋ älvən
sea-nymph, naiad
sa̋ él
sea-eel
pirate
sa̋ þe̋ v
sa̋ űð
large sea-wave/sea-breaker
sé dem. pron. and adj.
that (one, man) -- pointing or preceding; ðé 1) that (male), that one -- just
mentioned by you; 2) who (male or either gender), (the one) which (particular individual) -- relative pronoun; 3)
the (male, particular individual), the one
sécən wk. I
to suckle, nurse (pret. sáħtə)
sécəstrə
wet nurse
séd
seed (without indefinite article is collective)
sédbërəndə adj.
seed-bearing
sédfät
seed-vessel, pericarp
sédiən wk. II
to provide seed
sédkünn
kind (or variety) of seed
sédlik
pertaining to seed, seminal
sédláp
sower’s basket
sédnəþ
sowed field
617
sédtíd
sédərə
séjə
sékl
sél adj. (comp. sellə, sup. séləst)
sél
séli
séllik
sélnes
sélwang
sélwäx
sélð
sélə
sélən wk. I
circumstances; take place
sémpenning
sén
sénartəƨ
sénfilmən
séngläƨ
sénkräft
sénkräftyə
sénlik
sénmaħt
sénmaħtlik
sénmëtərə
sényəmet
sénə
sénəryə
sépən wk. I
sér adj.
sérlik
sérlépi adj.
sérlépəƨ adv.
Sérmónəð
sérnes
sérwrit
sérə adj.
sérən wk. I
sésam
sétiən wk. II
séton
sétung
sétə adj.
sétə
sétərə
sëlkən str. III
sëlv
pref. self-, auto-
time for seeding
provider of seed, seed-supplier
investing force of a siege
century (of years)
favoured, well-endowed, gifted, blessed, privileged
occasion; (right) time for something
felicitous; happy (coincidence, turn of events, etc.), fortuitous
pertaining to the occasion, apropos, appurtenant, relevant
occurrence
fertile field
sealing wax
timeliness; stroke of good luck; something that arrives just when needed
favour, advantage, privilege, endowment, blessing
to occur, happen at specific times or in specific situations or under certain
toll for loads (orig. of one penny)
power of sight, vision
visual arts
retina
lens
optics
optician
optical, visual; sénlikə artəƨ visual arts
refractive power (of a lens)
dioptric, dioptral
optometrist
optometry
scene (in theatre)
(theatrical) scenery
to instruct, inform
individual
peculiar to
exclusive
one at a time
native name for June
individuality
monograph
parched, dry, desert
to parch, desertify
sesame
to lie in wait (for)
(surgical) seton
lying in wait
settled; complacent
lurking-place
waylayer, (road-)robber
to relax, procrastinate
self, oneself; ego; se sëlvə the very, the one itself/man himself/woman herself;
618
sëlvanstı̋ rəndə adj.
sëlvbanə
sëlvbe̋ dən str. II
sëlvbe̋ dənd
sëlvdédlik
sëlvdóm
sëlvdőmə
sëlvhold
sëlvhåd
sëlvhüldə
sëlvisc
sëlvkwal
sëlvkwalə
sëlvlik
sëlvlikhåd
sëlvláƨ adj.
sëlvlívtal
sëlvmorðr
sëlvmürðrə
sëlvrëħt
sëlvscifting
sëlvscäftə
sëlvslíðə adj., n.
sëlvsoħt
sëlvspréc
sëlvstandəndə
sëlvsum
sëlvsödd
sëlvsöddnes
sëlvtröystnes
sëlvwillə adj.
sëlvwillə
sëlvwilləndlik
sëlvwilləndə adj.
sëlvwoldlik
sëlvwreþþəndə
sëlvyərek
sëlvyəriħtə
sëlvyəwald
sëlvétə
sëlvəƨ
sëlʒ
sëlʒbäð
sëlʒpäð
sëmiən wk. II
sërdən str. III
sëvi
sëvlik
sëvláƨ
self-governing, autonomous
one who kills himself
to volunteer
volunteer
automatic; sëlvdédlik makiən automatize
autonomy
monk living subject only to his own rules, “sarabaita”
narcissistic
independence
narcissism
selfish
suicide
one who takes his own life
egotistical, vain
egotism
selfless
autobiography, memoir
suicide
one who takes his own life
self-explanatory, self-evident
automatic transmission
#(OE = not begotten)
adj. masochistic; n. masochist
autism
soliloquy
independent
solitary, lonesome
self-satisfied, conceited
self-satisfaction, conceit
self-assurance, aplomb
spontaneous, voluntary
own will, free will
arbitrary, high-handed
voluntary
arbitrary
self-reliant
autonomy
eccentric (odd)
autarchy
cannibal
own
seal (animal)
seal’s bath, sea, ocean
seal’s path, sea, ocean
to loiter
to penetrate, fuck
sentimental (person)
sentimental (parting, movie, situation)
unsentimental
619
sëvə
sentiment
sëx
six
sëxecgə
hexagonal
sëxfald
sixfold
sëxfőtə
of six (poetical) feet
sëxhündmann
one of the sexhundə class
sëxhündə
belonging to the class whose wergeld was 600 shillings
sëxhürni
six-angled
six days old
sëxneħtə
sëxti
sixty
sëxtifald
sixty-fold
sëxtiwintrə
sixty years old
sëxtiʒəðə
sixtieth
sëxténneħtə
sixteen days old
sëxténwintrə
sixteen years old
sixteen
sëxténə
sëxte̋ðə
sixteenth
sëxtə da̋ l
a sixth (part)
sëxtə
sixth
sëxwintrə
six years old
entitled to six-fold compensation
sëxyildə
sëħþə interj.
behold! look!
se̋
pupil (of the eye)
se̋ d
scrip, small bag
se̋ k adj.
sick, ill
insane asylum, hospital
se̋ khúƨ
se̋ kiən wk. II
to be ill
se̋ klik adj.
connected with, arising from, or characterized by ill health
se̋ kling
sick person
se̋ kmód
infirm of mind, mentally ill (often due to senility)
̋
illness, sickness
seknes
se̋ knesaseð
sick pay, health insurance benefit
̋
sekərn
hospital
se̋ n str. V
to see
to be wasted, be unused
se̋ niən wk. II
se̋ðən str. II
to boil
síc
rill (streamlet that usually dries up in summer or the dry season)
síd
long-hanging, long (hair, clothes, sleeves, flags, etc.), hanging down; (in
compounds) long, wide, vast, far; wídə and sídə far and wide
sídbe̋ d
sideboard (table)
sídecə
pain in the side
sídfolk
#(OE = great people or number of people)
sídfäxə
long-haired
sídfäðmə
wide-bosomed, capacious (of a ship or similar)
sídgang
sidewalk
sídhalvə
opposing side?
sídhı̋ w
profile (form)
sídiən wk. II
to extend, drop, fall, hang (a certain length)
sídland
sideland, land off to one side
620
sídlang adj., prep.
adj. along the side (adv. sídlangə); prep. along the side of
sídlik adj.
lateral
sídlingə adv. adj.
sidelong, oblique
sídrand
wide rim
sídung
extension
sídwerd adj.
toward one side
sídwerdəƨ adv.
towards one side
sídwey
side road
sídwärk
pain in the side
sídwíƨə adv.
sideways
sídådl
pleurisy
sídə
side (esp. lateral, as opposed to halv which denotes one side or part of
something which has two equal halves)
sík
pining (for)
síkən str. I
to pine (for)
síl
a strainer for milk to separate whey from curd
síld
young herring
2
sílən wk. I
to separate whey from curd
símiən wk. II
to lace up
símə
shoelace, or lace of armour, clothing etc. (not the fabric)
sín
refl. possessive adjective = his, her, its, their (referring to the subject of the
sentence or paragraph)
síon
water-parsley
sír
sire (male parent of animals)
sírén
siren (mythological)
sís
six at dice
sít
site (more specialized meaning than that of stedə, which is sometimes
synonymous)
síð adj.
late (in the day, in the year, in history, etc.)
síð
experience, happening, adventure; (poet., arch., and in some compounds)
journey
síðbodə
herald of departure (the pillar of cloud)
síðborən
late-born
síðbërənd
reaper (scythe-bearer)
later times
síðdaʒəƨ
síðfram adj.
eager for experiences or adventure
síðfät
means of travel (feet, bicycle, wagon, car, train, airplane, boat, ship, etc.)
síðiən wk. II
to journey
síðlik adj.
recent, of late
síðlikə adv.
lately, of late, recently
síðlust
yearning for adventure
síðr adj.
later, more recent, posterior, subsequent
síðstapl
means underfoot of journeying (i.e. by road, path, track, or other)
síðwërəd
company of adventurers
síðyómr adj.
weary of experiences or adventures
síðəm
times (in counting)
síðər adv.
later (adv.)(later in the day, year, history, etc., more recently)
síðəst adj.
latest, most recent
síðəstə adv.
last (adv.)(most recently)
621
síʒən str. I
prices); to subside (of land)
síʒənd
síƨtüp
síƨə
sïd
sïdful
sïdfulnes
sïdiən wk. II
sïdlik adj.
sïdróv
sïdung
sïkl
sïklmónə
sïkr
sïkrbelt
sïkrfal
sïkrgardeyn
sïkrgörwə
sïkrkawtl
sïkrkonzil
sïkrlaʒhåd
sïkrlik
sïkrnes
sïkrən wk. I
sïlk
sïlkwürm
sïlvr
sïlvrfät
sïlvrhammən adj.
sïlvrhilt(ədə)
sïlvri adj.
sïlvrsmið
sïlvrstüccə
sïlvryəwiħt
sïləð
sïnəð
sïnəðbók
sïnəðdóm
sïnəðlik
sïnəðstedə
sïpiən wk. II
sïpə
sïv
sïviən wk. II
sïvn
sïvnfald
sïvnlávə
sïvnneħtə
to set (of the sun), sink, descend, be lowered, fall (= become lower, as of
sinking wave
stereotype
standard (of weights and measures; exemplar)
custom
decorous
decorousness
to standardize
customary
code (of honour, of behaviour)
standarization
sickle
crescent moon
safe, secure
safety belt
fuse (in an electrical system)
security guard
safety equipment
safety precaution, security measure
security council
secret police
with full certainty, surely
safety, security
to make safe, make secure
silk
silkworm
silver
silver vessel
plated with silver
silverhilted
silvery
silversmith
piece of silver
weight in silver
brackish water or pool
synod
record of the decrees of a synod
decree of a synod
synodical
place where a synod is held
to seep, percolate
percolation, seeping
sigh
to sigh
seven
sevenfold
tormentilla, setfoil (plant)
seven days old; lasting seven days
622
sïvnti
sïvntiʒəðə
sïvntäl
sïvnténneħtə adj.
sïvnténwintrə adj.
sïvnténə
sïvnte̋ðə
sïvnwintrə
sïvðə
sïvəðə da̋ l
sïvəðə
sïʒr
sïʒrbarn
sïʒrbróðr
sïʒrbákn
sïʒrbám
sïʒrbáʒ
sïʒrbémə
sïʒrbérə adj.
sïʒrbërn
sïʒrbërħt
sïʒrdőmə
sïʒrfestən wk. I
sïʒrfolk
sïʒrfäst
sïʒrfästnes
sïʒrgaldr
sïʒrhrémi
sïʒrhrőð
sïʒrhwíl
sïʒriən wk. II
sïʒriənd
sïʒrkempə
sïʒrkwőn
sïʒrkünn
sïʒrlik
sïʒrlán
sïʒrle̋ ð
sïʒrmécə
sïʒrmïrd
sïʒrrícə
sïʒrróv
sïʒrscorp
sïʒrspőd
sïʒrsíð
sïʒrtivr
sïʒrtorħt
sïʒrtåkn
sïʒrtúdr
seventy
seventieth
number seven
seventeen days old
seventeen years old
seventeen
seventeenth
seven years old
siftings, what is sifted away
a seventh (part)
seventh
victory
victo-child (Christ)
victorious brother
emblem of victory
tree of victory, cross
victor’s circlet, crown
trumpet of victory
victory-bringing, victory-causing
victorious hero
triumphant (gleaming in victory)
victorious judge
to triumph; to crown as victor
victorious people
victorious
triumphant win; crowning as victor
victory-bringing charm
rejoicing in victory
= hrőðsïʒr
hour of victory
to be victorious, win
victor
victorious champion
victorious queen
victorious kind, victorious race
triumphal, of victory, victoryreward of victory
song of victory
victorious blade (sword)
victory-prize, trophy
ruling in victory, triumphant
great in victory, triumphant
accessories of victory
good fortune in war, battle, contests, or games
victorious adventure
offering for victory
brilliant in victory
sign of victory
victorious offspring
623
sïʒrwang
field of victory
sïʒrwuldr
glory of victory
sïʒrwépn
weapon of victory
sïʒrwërk
victory-bringing action
sïʒrwív
victorious woman, woman who accompanies a man in victory
sïʒryärd
victory-bringing rod
sïʒryəfëħt
victorious battle
sïʒrádi
fortunate in victory
sïʒrþrát
victorious force
sïʒrþe̋ d
victorious nation
sïʒrþúv
triumphal banner
sïħtrə
drain
sïħħiən wk. II
to strain, filter
sïħħə
strainer; colander
sïþþən conj., adv., prep.
conj. as soon as, once; adv. as soon as that, (by) then; prep. by (a certain time)
that, that one (f.) -- pointing or preceding; that, that one (f.) -- just mentioned
sı̋ pron., adj.
by you; who, which (f.) -- relative pronoun
sı̋ klə adj.
sickly
sı̋ klən wk. I
to sicken, become ill or weak
sı̋ kən wk. I
to make sick, make ill
to filter, strain (liquids)
sı̋ n str. I
sı̋ whlað
sewing machine
sı̋ wən wk. I
to sew
sóbr
sober, not drunk
sóbrnes
sobriety
sóda
soda
sódawätr
soda water
sóft adj.
mild; soft, gentle (lights, music, etc.)
sóftnes
mildness; softness, gentleness (of lights, music, etc.)
sókn
visiting, attendance, frequenting, haunting, resort(ing)
Sól
the sun-god, Sun
sólo
solo
sólsecə
heliotrope
sólə
sole (fish)
sóm
arbitration
sómiən wk. II
to arbitrate
sómlik
relating to arbitration, (legally) arbitrary, by arbitration
són
Mus. pitch
sónə
at once, immediately
sópən str. VII
to move suddenly in a circular course, sweep (intr.), swoop
sót
soot
sóti
sooty
sótswåpərə
chimney sweep
sóð adj.
true
sóð
truth, verity
sóðanlík adj.
verisimilar
sóðanlíknes
verisimilitude
sóðborə
prophet
sóðfastiən wk. II
to justify; sóðfastəd justified, legitimate, justifiable
624
sóðful adj.
truthful, veracious
Sóðfädər
Father of truth, God
sóðfäst
honest
sóðfästlik
sincere
sóðfästnes
honesty
to keep to the truth, be truthful
sóðfülyən
sóðhwäðərə
all the same, nevertheless
sóðhåd
rectitude, commitment to truth
to prove true, be confirmed; to predicate (on)
sóðiən wk. II
sóðkwidə
true statement; testimony
sóðkwëdl
veracious
Sóðküng
King of truth, God
sóðlik
veritable
true love
sóðluvə
sóðnes
veracity
sóðsaʒ
true saying, proverb; true story (traditional)
sóðsaʒl
truthful
sóðspell
true news, true report
sóðspréc
speaking the truth, telling the truth
sóðsprék
candour
sóðsprëkən str. V
to speak the truth, speak honestly
sóðsäcgən
to aver, affirm, assert
sóðsäyən
averment, affirmation, assertion
sóðtåkn
prodigy (happening)
sóðword
(verbal) assurance
sóðyedd
true (but seemingly unbelievable) story
sóðə adv.
truly
sóðəƨ adv.
indeed
sóʒ
an artifical watercourse for draining marshy or waterlogged land and carrying
off surface water into a river or the sea
södd adj.
satisfied, contented
söddnes
satisfaction, contentedness
sörʒ
distress; anxiety
sörʒiən wk. II
to be distressed; be anxious; fret
distressing
sörʒlik
sörʒláƨ
free of anxiety or distress
sörʒung
worrying, fretting
sörʒwítə
stressful or tormenting punishment
sőc
quest
sőcən
to seek, look for (pret. sóħtə)
sőding
satisfaction (process of)
sődən wk. I
to satisfy, content
sődəndlik adj.
satisfactory
sődəndə adj.
satisfying
sőftlik
luxurious, soft (living)
sőftnes
comfort; ease
sőftwíkə
sinecure
sőftə adj.
comfortable (furniture, clothes, shoes, situation, living); easy, undemanding
(life)
625
sőking
sőkən wk. I
sől adj. (comp. söllə, sup. sőləst)
sőm
sőmlik
sőmnes
sőmə
sőmən wk. I
sőmənd
sőðing
sőðnes
sőðən wk. I
sőðənd
sú
súciən wk. II
súkən str. II
súl adj.
súm
súmiən wk. II
súmnes
sún
súpən str. II
súr
súrdåʒ
súriən wk. II
súrkawl
súrmakiən wk. II
súrmelsc
súrnes
súréyə
súrə
sútiən wk. II
sútərə
súz
súzən wk. I
súð adv., adj.
Súðamerika
súðdur
súðda̋ l
súðecg
súðendə
Súðenglə
súðfolk
súðfór
súðhald
súðhalv
Súðhümbrə pl.
súðland
súðlik adj.
pursuit, approach
to go after, pursue, follow, tail (pret. sőktə)
great, super, terrific, excellent; masterly, superior; of high quality
fitting
conformable; seemly, decorous
conformity
arbitrator
to conform (to dat.)
conformant
verification
attestation
to verify; tósőðən to attest to
verifier
sow
to wonder, long to know
to suck
celibate
neglect
to miss (school, an opportunity, work, etc.), be too late (for)
missing (of an opportunity, of school, of work, etc.), tardiness
sound (physical phenomenon)
to eat or drink with a spoon, sip from a spoon, eat from a spoon
sour, acid, tart
sourdough
to become sour, go sour
sauerkraut
to make sour; to acidify
sweet and sour, half sour and half sweet
sourness
blear-eyed
acid
to smirch
cobbler
souse
to souse (meat, fish)
south
South America
south door
southern region
southern edge
south end
people of southern England
southern people
expedition to the south
inclining southwards
south side
Mercians
southern land
southern; austral
626
súðmann
Súðmercə pl.
súðméyð
súðportik
súðrodr
súðrëħtəƨ
súðrïmə
Súðsäxə
Súðsa̋
súðwerd adj.
súðwerdəƨ adj.
súðwest adv., adj.
súðwestərnə
súðwestərə
súðwey
súðwåʒ
súðyəma̋ rə
súðást adv., adj.
súðástendə
súðástərnə
súðástərə
súðə
súðəməst
súðən
súðənwestən
súðənwestənwind
súðənwind
súðənástən
súðənástənwind
súðərnwud
súðərnə
súðəryə
súðərə
súʒən str. II
súƨl
súƨlbanə
súƨlhov
súƨlkwal
súƨlstedə
sücə
südə
süfilis
sükomor
süliən wk. II
süll
süllabáryə
süllabə
sült
sülə
man from the south
southern Mercians
southern kin
south porch
southern sky
due south
southern edge
people of Sussex
English Channel
southward, facing south
southwards
southwest
southwestern (in characteristics)
southwestern (in location)
a road leading southwards
south wall
southern border
southeast
southeast end
southeastern (in characteristics)
southeastern (in location)
in the south
southernmost
from the south
from the southwest
southwest wind
south wind
from the southeast
southeast wind
southernwood
of the south, southern (peoples, in characteristics), tropical
satirion (plant)
southern, on the south side
to press out (liquid), extract
misery, torment
devil
place (house) of torment
painful killing
place of torment, hell
sucking, suction
a boiling, boiling; something boiled, boiled mass
syphilis
sycamore
to sully, defile; corrupt
sill; base under something
syllabary
syllable
silt
corruption, pollution (fig.)
627
sümbl
festival, celebration, festivity
sümbldäy
festival-day, holiday
sümblgevənd
giver of celebrations
sümblgål
festive, merry with celebration
sümblhúƨ
guest-chamber (on holidays, etc.)
sümblkënnes
festival of a nativity
sümbllik
festive, of festivals or festivities
sümblmónəð
festival month
sümblnes
festivity
sümbltíd
festival-time
sümblwlank
over-celebrating
sümblwőri
weary with festivity or carousing
sümblwünn
pleasure of festivity or celebration
feasting, carousal
sümblyərërd
sümblən wk. I
to celebrate, be festive
sümfónisc adj.
symphonic
symphony
sümfónyə
sümringwürt
some plant (OE = violet)
sündi adj.
skilled in swimming
sündikát
syndicate
sündikátən wk. I
to syndicate
sündri adj.
distinct, separated
sündriən wk. II
to segregate
sündrlik adj.
peculiar (in all its meanings)
sündrliknes
peculiarity
sündrlátə
mannerism
sündrlépə adj. (adv. sündrlépəƨ) apart from the rest, distinctive, different, uncommon, unconventional
sünkopə
(music) syncopation, syncope
sünn
sin
sünnbend
bond of sin
sünnbrünə
burning ardour of sin
sünnbót
penance
sünnbürðən
burden of sin
sünndéd
sinful deed
sünnful
corrupt (morally)
sünnfåʒ
sin-stained
sünngrin
snare of sin, harm
sünni
sinning, transgressing
sünnijə
female sinner
sünniən wk. II
to sin, transgress
sünnkräft
sinful art
sünnlik
sinful
sünnlust
desire to sin
sünnláƨ
sinless
sünnläħtr
stain of sin
sünnla̋ w
injury caused by sin
sünnréƨ
sinful rush or attack, come-on
sünnrúst
canker of sin
sünnscaðə
sin-stained malefactor
628
sünnscüldi
sünnwrak
sünnwürcəndə adj.
sünnþóħt
sünʒiən wk. II
sünʒung
süppət
Sürisc
sürvə
Sürwərə
süstéma
süstémisc adj.
sűl
sűlax
sűlhád
sűlra̋ w
sűmak
sűr
sűring
sűrté
sűrən wk. I
sűt
sűtən
sűvrlik
sűvrliknes
sűvrnes
sűvryəlávə
sűvryəlévənd
sűvrét
sűvrə adj.
sűət
sərayn
tabako
tabard
tabb
tablə
tablət
tabrə
tabur
taburn
tabú
tacə
taffi
tafəta
taggə
taggən wk.I
tagl
taglən wk. I
tak
guilty of sin
punishment for sin
sinning
sinful thought
to violate religion, moral codes, ethics, etc., also sometimes the law
violation of religion, morality, ethics, etc.
sippet (small piece of fried or toasted bread for dipping, soup, etc.)
Syrian
service-tree
Syrians
system; on süstéma endbürdən systematize
systematic
pillar, column
a kind of axe
capital (of a pillar or column)
colonnade
sumac
sure
sour milk
careless confidence
to ensure, make sure
ailment, pain
to ail (intr.), be ailing
neat, cleanly
neatness, cleanliness
moral cleanliness, chastity, abstinence, sobritety, temperance
Puritanism
Puritan
abstemious
(morally) clean, chaste, abstinent, sober, temperate
pâté
serein
tobacco
tabard, short coat
tab
table (schematic)
tablet (lozenge, slab used in flooring, in architectural senses)
tenterhook
tabour, small drum
tambourine
taboo (n. and adj.)
type of hook or clasp (such as a closeable plastic loop that clicks on)
toffee, taffy
taffeta
tag
to tag
mess
to mess (up)
tenure, tenancy
629
takkə
tack
takl
tackle, gear
takən str. VI
to take hold of, grapple, embrace; to tackle (and fig.); lay hold of, take, seize,
grasp (weapons e.g.); with prefixes: assume (e.g. responsibility, command); undertake, begin, commence; takən
an hold onto (someone)
tal
story, tale, narrative, recounting, account
talent
talent (in both English senses)
talfäst
accurate, precise
taliən wk. II
to account, reckon (as); to count (for), have value; count (as); be of account
talk
gossip, stories (about people)
2
talk , talkstån
talc
talkiən wk. II
to gossip, tell stories (about people)
talkjurnal
tabloid, gossip magazine
tallåd
plot, story, action
talmiən wk. II
to slack off at work
talon
talon
talrím
count of stories
talt
teetering, unsteady, precarious, rocky, rickety, shaky
taltiən wk. II
to teeter, wobble, totter, rock
talung
(of, of little, of no) account; estimation; value
talvers
verse that tells a story
tally
talyə
talyən wk. I
to tally
talʒ
tallow
tam adj.
tame
tamarik
tamarisk
tamarind
tamarind
tamiən wk. II
to be tame, submit to humans (of an animal)
tampon
tampion (not tampon)
tamə
tameness
tandl
fireworks
tandllik adj.
pyrotechnic
tang
(set of) pincers, tongs, forceps
tangi adj.
tangy
tang (in both English senses)
tangə
tanjent
tangent (of trigonometry)
tankə
wild carrot
tann
tannin
tanniən wk. II
to tan (skins, hides)
tannung
tanning, tannage
tannunghúƨ
tannery
tannəd
tanned (skins, hides)
tannərə
tanner
tantalum
tantalum
tantə
taunt
tantən wk. I
to taunt
tanəƨyə
tansy
tapioka
tapioca
tapiscən wk. I
to lie low so as to be hidden
630
tappiən wk. II
tappmann
tappə
tappən wk. I
tappərə
tappəstrə
tapr
taprbërənd
tar
tarantula
tarbúsc
targət
tarif
tarpon
tartr
tartə
tarv
tarvliən wk. II
taryən wk. I
tarʒə
tarʒədə
tarə
taskə
taskən wk. I
tataw
tatawən wk. I
tatlən wk. I
tavernə
tavliən wk. II
tavən wk. I
taw
tawiən wk. II
tawn
tawni adj.
tawniən wk. I
at, attend, show up for
tawniəndə adj.
tawnlampə
tawnsalón
tawnung
tawnən wk. I
tawtäl
tax
taxkarr
taxma̋ lə
taxən wk. I
taylur
taylájə
taylə
to tap (put a tap on, draw liquid from, etc.)
tapster, tavern-keeper
tap (of a cask, keg, also = fausət)
to tap (strike softly)
tapster, tavern-keeper
tapstress, female tavern-keeper
taper (type of candle or light)
altar boy?
tear, rent
tarantula
tarboosh
target
tariff
jew-fish
tartar
tart, small open pie
turn-up of a cap, hood, sleeve, etc.
to rough and tumble
to keep waiting, make wait
buckler, light shield
provided with a small shield or buckler
tare
task
to task, assign a task to
tattoo
to tattoo
to utter baby-talk
tavern
to vituperate, speak or address abusively
to lash out
component, part; factor, element
to prepare, dress, season (make raw materials useable or consumable)
tan (tan-coloured skin)
tawny, tan (colour)
to show up, appear (also in a performance), be present; tawniən ät be present
attending, appearing (also in a performance)
tanning lamp, sun lamp
tanning salon
appearance, attendance, presence (at )
to tan (human skin), make a tan colour
quotient
charge (expected payment); rate (price per quantity or time period)
taxi, cab
taximeter
to charge (a price)
tailor
tallage
cut, shape (of clothes, occasionally other materials)
631
taylən wk. I
to cut out, cut, shape (clothes, occasionally other materials)
tayntən wk. I
to attaint
tað
fertilizer
to fertilize
taðən wk. I
te, tə
prep. (indicating definition, function, purpose) as, as a, in the function of, in
the function as a; for (e.g. ‘he’s pretty big for a puppy’); (indicating change, conversion, evolution) into
teci adj.
touchy
teddən wk. I
to ted (mown grass, also cut grain, flax)
teggə
female piglet
teld
tent
teldiən wk. II
to pitch (tent), set (trap), spread (net)
teldstikkə
tent-peg
̋
teldtre
tree to which a tent was affixed
teldung
pitching of a tent
teldwërðung
feast of tabernacles
teldwürħtə
tent-maker
teldyəhlı̋ wing
tabernacle
teldən str. III
to draw (curtains), unfurl (tapestry, rug)
teli
colouring, dye, tincture
tellúryum
tellurium
tellən wk. I
to recount, tell, narrate
teltən wk. I
to topple, tip (over), overturn, upset
telyən wk. I
to colour
telyər
tiller (of a rudder)
telʒiən wk. II
to put forth tillers, branches or shoots
tiller (shoot)
telʒr
telʒə
branch of a root
telʒən wk. I
to slash?
templ
temple (esp. non-pagan), synagogue
templhålʒung
dedication of the temple
templlik
of a temple, pertaining to a temple
templyät
temple-entrance
templyəwërk
structure of the temple
tempo
tempo
tempr
temper; composure; equanimity
tempriən wk. II
to temper, moderate
temprung
tempering, moderation
temƨ
a type of sieve for bolting meal, or as used in brewing
temƨiən wk. II
to sift with a temƨ
Temƨə
Thames
tencon
contention (that)
tencən wk. I
to contend (that)
tending
the act of kindling
tendl
firecracker
tendr
worn-down, old
tendtı̋ ʒ
kindling
tendən wk. I
to kindle
tenez
tennis
tenjən wk. I
to encroach, infringe; to come too near to, invade privacy
632
tennən wk. I
to lead on, lure (a person)
tens
tense (of a verb)
tens adj.
tense (atmosphere, relations, etc.)
tentur
tenter
tentə
a close-fitting (stretched) cover or awning for a boat, wagon, cart, etc.
tenur
connotation (of a word, phrase, sentence, etc.)
tenór
tenor
terbinþ
turpentine (and the plant that produces it)
term
term (word)
terminən wk. I
to determine, limit
termróv
terminology
termə
term, period
termən
end date (e.g. of a contract), final day (e.g. of a showing of a play, of one’s
job or career); end of life
termənlik adj.
terminal
to dull the luster of or discolour the surface of (a metal) as by exposure to air;
terniscən wk. I
intr. to lose luster, grow dull, discolour (as from oxidation)
tertan
tartan
tervi adj.
inverted
tervən wk. I
to invert
to pick on (someone)
terwən wk. I
terying
exasperation
teryən wk. I
to exasperate, try the patience of
teryər
terrier
terzan
tertian (fever)
terzl
male hawk, male eagle
testiv adj.
testy
testyərə
tester
testə
assay
testən wk. I
to assay
tetr
tetter, skin eruption
alongside
tevnəƨ prep.
tew
hardware
tewiən wk. II
to card (wool)
textíl
textile
textúrə
texture (of wood, metal, foodstuffs, etc.)
textə
text
tey
coffer
teyn
metal rod
teynt
tinge
teyntən wk. I
to tinge
teynən wk. I
to be in force or in effect
teyt adj.
enthusiastic
teytə
enthusiasm; alacrity
teyƨe
fathom (measure)
teyƨən wk. I
to set, cock (a gun, camera, etc.), to arm (a weapon)
teyə
glaucoma
teħnframə
technological development
teħnik
technique
633
teħnisc adj.
technical
teħnmann
technician
teħnskól
polytechnic, technical college
teħntüħting
technical training
teħnyəte̋ n
technical education
teħnƨínərə
technical designer
teħnþing
technicality
teħnə
technology
ticcən
she-goat
ticgən wk. I
to flaunt
tifanyə
tiffany
tiff
tiff
tifing
(arts and) crafts
tifən wk. I
to make crafts, do crafts
tigg
the game of tag
tikk
tick (of a clock)
tikkən wk. I
to tick (of clock)
tikyə
tick (insect)
tikət
ticket
til
prep., adv., prefix: for (the purpose of), in order to, with the goal of, with the
aim of, to get, to gain; (planning, aiming) for (a certain time)
til adj.
effective, useful, expedient; of person: skilled, adept
tilbüriən wk. I
to refer, relate (to dat.)
tilfolʒəð
pursuit (of something)
tilfremməndə adj.
effective
to aim at, aspire to, endeavour, strive after; be ambitious
tiliən wk. II
till
station, standing-place; (transportation, air, computer) terminal
tilling
tendency
tillə
till (for cash)
tillən wk. I
to gravitate towards, be attracted to; tend to
tilmód adj.
adroit, astute
to attract (esp. non-sexually)
tilte̋ n str. II
tiltən wk. I
to be overthrown
tilung
dream(s), ambition(s)
tilwinn
effort, endeavour
tilwinnən str. III
to work towards, try to get
tilyə
workman, field-labourer
tilð
effectiveness, usefulness, expedience; skill, adeptness
tilən
endeavour
timbr
timber, lumber, wood for building (especially cut or sawn)
timbrhrücg
timber-ridge
timbring
construction (the act or process)
timbringwërəd
construction crew
timbrland
land on which to grow timber
timbrmann
architect
timbrnes
construction (something built or constructed; form, structure, organization)
timbrtı̋ ʒ
building material
timbryəwërk
timber structure, wooden building or construction
timbrən wk. I
to build, construct (also fig.), erect
634
timbrənd
construction worker
timpana
tambourine, timbrel
timplə
card (spiked instrument)
tin
tin
tind
tine, prong; tooth (of a comb or rake)
tindi
pronged
tindiħt
forked, jagged
ting
ting
tingl
tingle (technical sense)
tinglən wk. I
to tingle
tingən wk. I
to ting
tinkliən wk. II
to titillate
tinkən wk. I
to tinkle, make a tinkling sound
tinn
pile (= long, heavy timber or beam driven into the ground (sometimes
underwater) to support a bridge, dock, etc., or to serve as part of the foundation of a house)
tinnən str. III
to tantalize
tintreʒ
torture
tintreʒgål
sadism
tintreʒiən wk. II
to torture
tintreʒiənd
torturer
sadist
tintreʒlecur
tintreʒlik
torturous
tintreʒstów
place of torture
tinzəl
tinsel
tinən adj.
of tin
to sell alcoholic beverages
tiplən wk. I
tippə
(hard) tip (of a finger, iceberg, tongue, any protruding object), extremity; the
pointed end of anything pyramidal or spiral, as a shell or leaf
tipsi adj.
tipsy
tipət
tippet
tirpeyl
a broil, encounter, tumult
to turn up, roll up (a hat or sleeve)
tirvən wk. I
tirwən wk. I
to tar
tissű
tissue (fabric or paper)
titl
title
titling
pipit (bird)
titliən wk. II
to title
titllik adj.
titular
titlən wk. I
to tattle
titrən wk. I
to titter
titt adj.
intermittent
titt
nipple
tittən wk. I
to pull up by means of a rope or cord over a branch, pole, or other means of
suspension
tivr
sacrificial animal
tivə
unpleasant woman (“bitch”)
tiyfäst, tiyþrå, tiystark
opinionated
tiylə
muraenula, sea-mullet
tiywrit
indictment (document)
635
tiyə
tiyənə
tiħlə
tiħlən wk. I
tiħt
tiħtbiƨi
tiħtən wk. I
tiƨikə
toddə
todlən wk. I
todlənd
toft
toga
toggiən wk. II
togl
toglən wk. I
tolkən adj.
tolkəting
tolkətən wk. I
toll
tollbóð
tollfrí
tollhúƨ
tolliən wk. II
tollscaml, tollsetl
tollən wk. I
tollərə
toln
tolnbóð, tolnhúƨ
tolnərə
tomáto
ton
tonforkə
tonisc adj.
toniən wk. II
tonl
tonlik adj.
tonnə
tonwíƨə
topaƨ
topp
topp2
toppiən wk. II
toppsídə
toppung
toppuynt
toppə
toppədə adj.
tor adj.
opinion, view, stand (on a matter)
defendant, the accused
accusation
to point out the faults of (someone), reproach
charge (of crime or wrongdoing)
involved with charges, of ill repute
to charge (with a crime)
phthisis, consumption
a bushy mass
to toddle
toddler
site (house- or building-), toft (= house-site)
toga
to lug
toggle
to toggle
frolicsome, wild, raving
wanton excitement
to engage in wild, frolicsome behaviour
toll
tollbooth (in American sense)
toll-free
toll house
to pick up (a casual sex partner, a hitchhiker)
place where a toll is taken
to pay or take toll; take a toll (fig.)
toll-taker
customs, duty (on imports, exports)
custom-house
customs-taker
tomato
tone (in all English senses)
tuning fork
tonic
to tune, modulate, adjust (key, notes, etc.)
tunnel
tonal
ton
intonation (of the voice)
topaz
top (highest point, uppermost surface)
top (plaything)
to top (off)
topside
topping
acme
(soft) tip (as of a brush, feather, etc.)
topped (mostly a combining form)
negative, contrary; difficult (person)
636
torcə
tord
tordwivl
torkl
torn
tornful
tornkwidə
tornlik
tornmód
tornsorʒ
tornword
tornwrak
tornyəmót
tornyəníðlə
torr
torriən wk. II
tort
toruk
torviən wk. II
throwing things at
torvung
condemnation
torħt
torħtiən wk. II
torħtmód
torħtnes
toskə
tossən wk. I
totam
totr
totridə
totrən wk. I
tott
tow
towhúƨ
towkräft
towlik adj.
towm
towtól
towʒ
towətən wk. I
toy
toykwenə
toylət
toyən wk. I
toʒ
illness, epilepsy, anxiety, etc.
toʒbåt
toʒcaryot
flashlight
turd, stool (of excrement)
dung-beetle
press or wringer formed by the meeting of two cylinders
indignation, outrage
indignant, outraged
statement causing indignation or outrage
casuing indignation or outrage
indignant, outraged
offense, umbrage
offensive expression
revenge for indignation
fight, argument, dispute
indignant opponent
tower
to tower
tort
larva
to pelt (stones); to throw things at, show disapproval or condemnation by
pelting; act of throwing things at a person to show dispproval or
splendid
to be splendid, radiate splendour
illustrious, noble
splendour
turtle
to toss (tr. of wind and water)
totem
a swing (for children)
see-saw, seesaw
to swing, oscillate (as on a swing or see-saw)
tot
textile fibre
textile factory
textile craft
textile
(fishing-, clothes-, plumbing-) line (narrow but sturdy cord)
tool or implement used in the textile industry
(electrical) cable; (telephone) line
to consort with, hang out with
flirtation, dalliance
flirt, coquette
tampon
to flirt, dally
fit (e.g. of anger, of coughing, of laughter), paroxysm, seizure, attack of
tugboat
tow truck
637
toʒiən wk. II
toʒlínə
toʒung
toʒəting
toʒətən wk. I
toħt adj.
toħtə
trak
railway track
tramayl
tramplən wk. I
trampə
trampən wk. I
trant
trantən wk. I
tranƨə
trapeƨa
trapeƨoyd
trappə
trasc
trascən wk. I
travayl
travaylən wk. I
traverƨ
travə
trayl
traylən wk. I
trayn
locomotive; also = folʒəð)
traynl
traynən wk. I
trayscən wk .I
trayt
trayti
traytis
traytən wk. I
trayən wk. I
traħt