CF/HST

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A-A,___==_
.
CFIHST/1985-073
IJN
A
paper
I
prepared
by
CE
F
I
N
1347
-
1951
for
Perry
tha
!CHINA
IJNICEF
O Hanson
History
Jr
Project
~‘.’..”:
.3.:,,
/
!“-<
CONTENTS
Intro
Notes
on
Not
Spelling
Yet
Getting
UNICEF
The
Health
tiuct
of
fnr
China
Rea,!y
for
[China
Nork,
Chins
!Aork=rs
in
The
Two-year
LINICEF
in
Field
the
Last
Staff
China
Team
Traininq
Caught
The
Chinese
Ready
Start5
North
ion
40
50
Talks
and
31
SchC,ol
Middle
Link.
20
GO
70
Qthers
:3s
!UNICEF
On
the
the
the
programming
short
and
emphasizing
care
children
the
care
under
conditions
occasions
both
health
was
centre%
in
of
initiation
training
sanitation
and
and
preventive
and
neighbourt,
settings
minimal
development
proved
~f
courses
endurinq;
functional
lurhan
and
workers
significant
of
$Chi r,a
hsaltt,
less
WeIL
ood s.upper?
to
be
go<, ernment
support
and
experience
was
!>F
for
effec?:v+
instability.
And
its
the
village
organization
child
much
simple
midwifery,
for
known,
side,
i r,
finally,
(when
principle
sides
rhe
UNICEF
of
of
a
China
had
to
try
non-discrimination
revolution
at
from
the
and
the
same
one
very
uorif
time.
The
beginning
for
the
fir<.t
t’>
children
,uphmi,i
or,
●
Nc, tes
,Pic,st
system
people
of
fincls
but
it
.En-lai
Sun
documents,
Giles
using
and
by
spellings
in
and
pi.ace
,which
SGmer. imes
ne,A
raman
the
Pin
yin
i zat
with
have
for
intc~
to
Pinvin
favor
“Canton”
Beijing
Tse-tung
the
their
change
unacceptable
ire
into
“P~kin,~”;
Mao
..ar,cc?F!~?-
Zedor,.q
alter
and
Chian.g
C.y!,:,u
K.si-s.
chzm~e
not
rr,ak. ez.
becomes
as
in
make
word
“Hongkong”
Zhor, qt, ua.
late
All
1340s
the
hek.
the
farrii
practice
was
made
to
far
h~s. tori,zal
This
allow
Examples
Car, ton
and
accepted
the
old
,
:Swatow
by
the
becomes
unveco~r,
Xi .anqqar,
liar
f,~,~nd
Arm>:,,
.ar, ,i
or
Somet
in
!4ade-
chief
i:.
K.uw 1 ,x,CJ
r,
Qffice.
tradi
tic, rmal
irr, es
tt, e
For
izabls.
q
s.,
more
were
post
b\ade-Giles
difference.
almost
,
.afid
Iet?e)-
accepted.
dialect.
mutt,
the
period
Pek, i r,g ,
from
during
troublesome.
exceptions
use
the
China
be
ion,
at ions
ths
in
can
the
mar, y
general
traditional
‘, C.hi rt a’]
the
such
does
of
romanizat
in
i on
to
Pin yin
,Jari
names
were
refuse
UNICEF
books
of
interesting
will
but
about
system
also
us=
.
writing
1950s,
people
Mao
Names
nowadays
most
turn
Enlai
Chinese
China
difficulty
to
i!hou
Yat-ser,
In
early
no
reasonable
into
and
author
has
of
about
ion;
OrIe
Guangzhou
Spellinq
writing
romanizat
exceptions.
on
Pin::i
r,,
T,I
rhe
net..!
ex.srnple
ar$d
,
INTRODUCTION
.
This
paper
China
diuring
almost
as
five
its
soon
years
China
unique
Other
UNICEF
important
among
the
to
and
This
was
finding
the
conflict
its
roots
of
15305
the
wi th
West
wartirr,
e
,
“ the
condi
was
natior,
the
Communist
test
Qir,g
dynasty
<’s
and
tior(s
forces
r,esrln3
was
pars
relatiqe
in
a,.)er
is ted
climax.
F$Jgusr
a%
the
both
.Secctnd
blorl,d
still,
ever
for
ci,.~il
two
in
.se
lg45.
UN1 CEF
the
began
ir(
(were
many
,
F s:,r
lCh; r,.3,
Natic, r,.3iis.
i t<.
the
eat-L!;
conflict
EuT.
b~tween
liar,
sir,,ue
in
cempuunded
t,d.ar,
dec.e,jez.,
war-lcrds
strlJ$331e
As.
stability
the
of
.~as
Nar.
devascatincj
Sino-Japane
in
Norld
a
among
serious
in
effectively.
earlier
were
tk,an
China
efforts,
continuing
sufferings.
intensified,
it>
of
domination
progressively
war”
period
i%d
les%.
of
Second
far
1547~
offices.
situation
forward
in
withdrawn.
the
by
1920s.
for
staff
engaged
preceded
the
battles
The
still
ends
from
y
in
UNICEF
rehabilitation
could
that
in
the
unsettling
a
Reliefand
a
regions.
entering
,Aas
the
the
UNICEF
earl!j
and
international
that
Qf
begins
all
emerging
were
story
created,
after
remember
countries
howe,Jer,
O\,*rthrO!A
the
the
It
was
1’331
international,
China,
down
there.
of
and
reconstruction,
set
itself
May
closed
is
to
years
in
been
national
ccn
as
participants
and
znd
written
first
later
had
It
is
t..~ork. ,
t
the
i
during
the
first
yearns
there
in
half
of
the
century
ar,d
to
place
UNICEF’S
brief
context.
.“
\
The
Junod,
mood
of
the
UNICEF’s
Director,
This
the
first
Pate
mission
is
the
be
This
Government
from
a
in
the
to
the
Bowles
ur, der
take
dominates
r,othing
of
as
return
in
1?4:3
it
became
them,
wrote
to
to
just
,of
and
Mr
and
to
or
@r
the
?!arcel
Ex=cutive
lead
becaus=
yourself
hut
this
on
Or
sven
the
country
happ=r,
New
z.
t,:,
to
1943.
all
to
It
Assembl,},
a
lezz
Frnm
so
it
Hi
IJNICEF.
in
The
1943,
.Jul$!
t-r
124P,,
Time
civil
,.~.ar
Norman
,
.
had
inoppo~tune
China.
‘St, an.3h ai
.0
,Jap.ar:
programmifi,q
for
a most
chaotic
and
If
Mission
early
But
it
this
work
the
did
rt,
Horn,
4’!Ac e.er,
conditions.
IVer- ,,/ r-.~rr,i 1 i ~r
Cc
af
accc, rf,pli.:.
.
o~]n
ha~us
pi.ace
then
,:cf
IF, e
fieli
a
,.,er$)
.
I
h
mi,ght
ar, d
and,
.~n’3
of
found
time
lLlrrir4
itself
lC-,irl.3
back.,
arfld
irl
tt,~
rtmr,
looking
pr,:, hlems
5L3ff
yo,dny
policies
refersr,ce
hardly
start
I.!PJKEF
UNICEF,
its
terms
cn,,ld
at m.+n,,!
was
out
fa, vmr.able
w i r b, t(pcarcle
time>.
ts
of
(under
‘discover
in
present
beginnir,g
ir,
on
Korea
warning.
UNICEF
in
Interrtatinr,al
their
more
is
difficult
York.”
operatian
,Aork
both
of
euen
work
wra
in
the
interspersed
‘“This
Later
in
of
war
tt,e
Pate,
the
experiences
words
of
welfare
”
under
had
plans
to
ht~r
you
delegate
the
durinq
:.,Jrpr12ir,q
,armj
to
had
on
which
a
with
juxtaposition
tcI
as
1947
and
GPr,eral
St.artinq
ser,oed
Consultant,
organizati~n
hations
ever
wide
during
work.
value
principles
and
workers
everything.
Textile
In
from
China,
agencies,
iro
many
East
health
lJNICEF
well
had
for
reviewing
to
voluntar!~
letter
1943:
depend
UNRRA
UNICEF
difficult
of
Far
Experienced
Newton
of
one”I
not
and
man
He
Cross
been
hardest
a
for
summer
circumstances
circumstances.
advice
Missinn
the
does
in
today.
came
Red
it
reflected
of
in
the
of
unbelievable
is
Chief
Maurice
success
on
times
it
i3.lJ*=.
I:IrbIe I-
Di.2cs~
@ ~
:;.
fdezl
7
Marco
in
China,
province
those
Qingdao
was
not
which
one
For
Polo,
to
bolts
of
the
first
of
be
raw
who
a
attended
the
beautiful
seaside
confused
with
the
Shantung
silk
were
groups
“of
first
UNICEF
city
port
in
z.erni?sr
S.handong
of
Tsingtao
exported,
and
LINICEF-aided
staff
chil,d-care
thruugh
wrier?,
:ndez,z,
centres.
,.~.a=.
established,
The
spelling
presents
for
a
the
this
Enlai
someone
be
the
mark.
To
used
Mao
by
Wade-Giles
and
sum
in
this
clarity,
names
Passages
quoted
will
Piny
will
in,
Pinyir,
well-known
when
a
the
into
(except
remain
follow
or
as
the
can
they
appear
oriqinal,
be
but
be
will
in
the
Zhc,u
to
can
wide
c,f
be
lapses)
added
in
as
refe~=
could
inevitable
may
,acc,ur.ats;
char.ast=~s.
Pinyin
form
>e
document
Chinese
,ch,=r.acte-~
such
romanization
for
names
Chinese
people
letter
Pinyin
other
the
romanization
all
paper,
pers.final
When
transposing
the
will
Chinese
spelling,
throughout
Personal
use
Sut
some
problem.
for
at
for
of
course,
guessed
up,
of
th~
Zedong.
generally
cases,
given,
of
only
only
kind
are
true,
and
English
different
name
is
in
.
paren?,he$.
Ir,
+,>ro*
as.
,documentz..
passages
par.aphra:.e::
.
ChaDt
In
December
Nations
with
ted
Nations
cash
Tt,e
writifi3
that
for
its
“therefore
it
$150,000,UOC1
in
of
UNICEF’S
was
to
S33
recei,Je
Lake
Maurice
Success
and
supplies
had
were
later
IUNERA’S
million
Director,
stage
zc,rne
for
excess
o
t,he
child
some
at
he
the
of
Executive
nascent
would
of
prograrnme
far
only
lJrti c=<
month-,s
Office
UNICEF
UNICEF
lJNt?RA
Two
China
to
was
Headquarters
in
tile
Administration,,
three-year
totalled
created
Fund.
the
request
for
China
Assembly
from
first
was
for
Emergency
although
Furthermore,
and
a
asked
IUNICEF’S
IUNICEF
importance.
General
a
newly-appointed
from,
China
prepared
these
Ready
Rehabilitation
example,
assets,
2
.
altogether
and
amount
For
residual
the
Yet
personnel
supplies”
The
resources.
from
China
and
1
welfare.
out
1946,
Relief
of
Not
-
Children’s
help
Republ;ic
“in
of
1
International
later,
I.lni
Sr
had
no
r.o
point
funds
still
date
Fate,
of
flc,win~
before
in?e?
<we z.tart
3
in
Chir,
a.
Al tho)~gk,
cccupied
,..ji th
L!N1 CEF
tt,e
was
Europear,
ir,deed
.at
proqrsmmes
a
,~ery
j,ls. t
earl!)
,gertir,3
sta,ge,
under
ar,d
pY=-
{..!a>,~,
i c
~
1 The
draf?=
of
the
prc, jects
making
IUP this.
tc, tak
were
r“c,r ,Wa r ,j * d k,::., ,cc,,~rier
with
~ letter
fr,>rc,
?F,* lUNR.P.A [)irectt:,
r IOf
ICt, ir, a Of fi,le
in
,Sharvz hai , I’laj o?Ger, er~l
Gler,
Edger
t,~r,
to ~l+t<
[IcI ,ver , %zt 1 r,,< lCh,i et, I.INF.
,%
Ij f;- i ,re ,:,t- Far
Eas. terr,
Aff~ir-:
ir,
%s.hir,~t,>r,
, date,j
.1 PlarccF!, 1:+47
,.h:,t,rl ,~~l.~rr,c,,,..l , Hi .=,t,:f)-t,,, ,:,f l.i./I 11.~F , jr- a: t , 1E!6S, , p.a,~a
1
~ ~.=t=,
ILTIII:EF
L~k,e
!::,~cc~~~.
tc, H,~I,.J~r
, ~-!hlF.RA Nash, i r, ,2 t ,:fr, 21
p,~r~~,
~:lqp
t?:=
began
“.
to
1947.
plan
Much
for
of
this
correspondence
referred
wi th
t,>
It
look
to
UNRRA;
S
fully
personnel
all,
a
who
stayed
stockpile
these
UNICEF’S
and
UNRRf?
December
earl:?
advice
spring
of
a
were
during
Palevsky,
Chief
of
UNRRA’S
Regional
named
by
Mr
in
I.INICEFJS
of
th,e
was
lr(t~rirn
UNICEF
period.
close
cor(tinued
China
Pate
Indeed,
i?eprese”t.~ti,~e
Chin.=
Mission.
to
well
i t:
z~t.~n
ree.uir
into
the
were
by
fc,ne,ver
failures..
accumulated
by
conclusions
varied,
helpful
package
remarkably
c?
attemP:=d
execution
was
SUCCSS=
the
ever
their
closure
l_INRRA’s
this
then
.
rti,]s.s
o?
UNICEF.
China
although
guide
overshadowed
Although
to
in
194S,
was
of
turn
Lake
largely
its
a
at
a
assistance
often
offered
as
in
Shanghai
IJNICEF
was
experience
members
1947,
China
China
successes
1947.
operatior,s
in
of
who
in
of
months
through
blashington
staff
confronting
practical
through
staff
observations
in
first
developed
creation
lJNRi%
the
of
UNRRA
new
experience
problems
and
in
these
headquarters
programme
The
on
the
during
was
Mission
and
overcome
But
of
UNRF.f4
that
initiative;
nation.
China
planning
ir,tern.atior,al
4
in
early
UNRRA’S
After
~~rg~~t
work
Ch,ina
natural
planning.
one
their
was
should
its
December
,Jntil
5
to
close
staff
officially
stayed
relation
an
on
~hip
UNRR#I
the
1947
=rri,.,al
the
member,
Divi~ic,r,
.sprve
of
en:
IUNICSF
staff
to
the
,until
,with
Administration
of
at
tp(e
hv:;
in
as.
Direct:r
Ministry
best
use
of
Social
of
funds
Since
lJNICEF.
,new
United
went
out
to
Shanghai
supplies
one
then
no
UNICEF
I>eneral
transmitted
Officer
Office,
sent
formulate
the
Executive
advise
be
arrange
to
be
Mr
nature
Pate
of
to
tha
i
from
of
tO
how
WOrk.,
the
.3 Pi==
IUNRM,
for
@eputy
the
Direct,Ir
Headquarters
perzonnel
office
in
were
helping
the
!Jnited
to
made
wolJld
[UNRRA]
the
particularly
methods”of
writing
IJNRRA
Fund,
be
to
that
your
in
Nanjing
the
regarding
members
and
to
UNRRA
and
details
services
conditions
for-
idea
was
there,
at
if
14elfare
the
plans
received
clear
from
Letter
that
helpful
forward
Children’s
a
plans
ver!)
provided
a
be
F,~r,d,t
Officer
Ministry’s
,would
the
bJas
China
tn
the
request
Chizf
had
up
clarification.
Executive
Washington
China
draw
to
Melfare
IJNRR.A
and
to
for
to
expected
in
The
.
Nanjing
,,~hl~drenfg
-
the
Director,
in
and
Nations
First
It
Affairs
assistance
Nations
throtiqt$-
the
available
exact
as
administration
well
as
applicable.
G
B!y
at
Lake
the
time
Success
and
the
reply
too
late
to
exuberar,
t
but
this
request
through
to
China
counsel
runr-eal
the
had
uNICEF
been
Liai%ar,
bat?.-tracked
cautiorl
is tic
at
3’150
further
along
the
field
mil liari
channeled
Office
the
level
request,
in
same
and
t,:,
ILWICEF
Washingtofi
route,
head
i :
off
was
?k)e
“,
over
and
moue
of
its
headquarters
In
any
event,
this
had
first
begun
IJW ‘z ,
as
Office
he
to
in
prograrr,
“The
in
of
and
representatives
from
,,8
organizations.
Although
,
pr0pcsa15
had
than
in
Shanghai
had,
had
lit?le
further
UNF.R.A
staff
Chinese
IJNICEF
of
ar, d
a
plar,.
hlhen
Glen
much
it
Of
did
of
of
the
course,
seen
$dith
to
the
that
some
that
9
one-third
United
S450,000,001)
of
IJNICEF.
WOU1,LI
Chirta
,Zf
clear
tr:.at.
the
as
in
a
the
might
ha,ve
On
the
seemed
SOUrC t,e
to
China
of
30-
Ga,..>err,rfier,
The.
Council
planning.
sort
Chinese
LINRRG
30
it
with
as
of
wculd
it
made
part
the
Nations
LINE.,%
d+>,.. elr,
-., nr(, ent
well
of
Government,
Ijenerai
Health
acting
the
“
philanthropic
take
time
f,~~
UNF.?.A
the
,, the
as
not
tk,e
.
(“Major
Natic,nal
which
the
to
he
or
China
thro!jgh
Ministry
Education
nature
information
,working
the
be fare
thp
of
ICEF”,
the
knowledqe
led)
China
about
by
in
Eclgerton
the
did
this
more
7,
instance,
,voluntary
at
1945.
Direct,]r
as.
of
UNICEF
was
delegation
1mpr~5510n
up
But
IJNRRA
i t
first
evolved
various
late
in
the
with
Ministry
China
r.harl
children
representatives
Administration
in
represenrati,ve
headquarters
were
staff
(rather
wrote
connection
enclosed
cooperation
bet(.~eer,
himself)
Washington
plans
plans
blashingron.
in
own
foliowsd
addressed,
signed
his
its
for
in
field
Shanghai
.3 programme
correspondence
Headquarter’s
to
IJNILCEF
of
of
lacking
year,
,je,~elopment
recruitment
IUNRR.A
t>’s.
OFFi,~&
Res. col,Jti,:sn
been
u=.eful
~ther
to
har,d,
be
ma,je
IJrIder
,=,.jail.=t,le
up or,
?,h=
t<lJt
r,?
tk,e
?Y[e
w
,dr.s,,.li r,.<
e..
Mifi
istry
of
Social
agency
in
which
should
be
lodged.
Affairs
the
is
the
logical
administration
of
permanent
such
a
Government
[UNICEF]
program
.relationships
”
with
?ersonnel
lunderpaid
concerned
chiefly
really
the
plan
improve
The
own
already
party
goes
shown
of
10
that
no
b,udget
military
“ta
back
is
the
social
funds
inadequ~te
agency
put
the
the
i?~.
.ar=
into
the:y
effect
.3
structure
Ministry
wt,
hopes
ic:-,
tc$
Fund?
the
should
and
Are
welfare
from,
w=ak
officials.
and
pessimistically:
new
has
aff.eirs.
Perhaps
witt,
on
Ministry
Government
and
rjeeds?!!
structure
advice
the
untrainsd.
improvement
badly
say,
its
interested
so
its
to
provinces,
with
of
country
sad
and
sufficiently
serious
the
But,
UNRR.A
e,~en
try
proyr
to
amme
,-,.SI%
distribute
~~
supplies
When
“until
would
that
persistent
can
the
economy
be?
A
question
actually
without
devoted
related
comes
implement
distribution
is
or
but
even
“Me
up:
make
to
do
such
discrimination]
more
not
a
peacef,~l
rneasurez.”
serious
feel
in
and
that
guarantee
the
.
the
[i
Goverfimer,?
.e.
present
=ta?e
~f
,un rest.”
So
-
Eut
how
-
opera ?ionz
retain
%pt
future
some
up
a
SUK, IUP?
if
UNICEF
in
Chir,
c,f
training
work.
to
the
a
were
during
Do
not
qo
to
go
ahead
1947,
experienced
programme
at
IUNRP.
A
for
into
IChina
.ar, !~k).ey
least
staff
Chine5e
i?
no!...!.
and
atterr,Lpt
would
then
staff
in
to
be
k,egir,
p,~:.~.:tl~
China,
carry
tc,
t$~
.zr,,d
cm?
the
m
and
poverty
start
in
In
of
at’
China
Plr
Washington,
then
t .
story
moving
picks
UNICEF
up
still
again,
reached
the
operation
there
and
system
of
wouid
to
then,
one
supposes,
of
these
Ministry
IUNP.RA
T.n
letters
of
not
c,nr~es?ondence
first
any
for
It
also
true
helping
to
getting
under
service
of
for
ten
P.~tJl
Coher,
.=p pear
,distorti,ln
over
pet’cer,
es?
that
and
in
a
as
Social
ef
hi%tor:+
these
ex. isteci,
it
the
to
Pt,ow
Aff.a:rz.
i,n
children.
at
is
first
all
staff
no
af
LINRRA
were
tr:e
(was
both
Governmen?
But
to
the
relationship
sb..!kwarti.
“no
UNICEF
staff
one
IJNICEF
staff
some
r,ade
supreme
“ethr,ocer,tric
earlh
!.~hy
that
the
the
and
beer,
the
its
of
of
the
programmed,
when
tt, at
of
when
during
true
!~i th
Indeed,
had
is
made
year
question
working
were
year-.
the
China
It
some
benefit
not
fI. 950)
t
for
that
Europe
Yet
of
the
1947?
significant
believes
in
of
there
start
existence
only
raise
communication
that
way
half
appo:nted
the
of
there.
Chin2
second
cooperative,
programme
method
Chir,
should
year
a
is
we
crucial
cumbersome
c’f
in
UNICEF
bounced
and
mention
the
and
knowledgeable
year
was
Shanghai
to
was
in
draft
on
representative
turbulent
ir,
no
.
carom
letter
actually
Before
for
multiple
is
date”
that
12
13
Nanjing,
for
the
UNR. RA
There
determining
later
Pate’s
to
information
and
“some
,with
period,
Go,dernmen
time
until
accordance
this
the
that
years
of
even
at
‘31’14
million
JJSe
the
of
end
had
in
pro biern
all
for
distort
i<, n”.
UNICEF
a
related
of
LINIIJEF;
t,aer,
of
15
,=pent
Asia,
Americ.
S
sfi
,
14
zrILden:?.
I r. l.. joulcj
k:r, d
4tt,
IDf
~
second
matter
‘s450,000,000
could
ILINICEF,5
iikely
perhaps
a
Currency
with
@
fir,
(10,000)
(*:)?
the
%150
it
the
to
chartqe
,
for
In
awkward
any
is
the
Representative
ns
Or
unit
it
one
miqht
cannot
easily
been
stationed
with
the
by
help
have
for
the
ex,change
transpacific
commonly
“one
sums
After
been
in
Nanjing
Government
and
feel
fr,~m
all,
that
whil~
with
China,
this
had
during
IUNF.R%
so:
to
avoided
uz.ed
tnous.ar,ti”
unrealistically
but
:
represer,ting
of
the
commitment
of
National
substanti.=1
not
amount
speculate:
more
prophetic?
1384
as
rates
multipl=,
is
UNICEF’s
the
Chinese
sign
of
simply
how
only
inflationary
currency
large,
can
into
nurtured
times
event,
dollars
Western
still
three
One
substitution
States”?
episode
,communicatio
the
thinkinq
United
only
US
is
considered
1947?
prevailing
inadvertent
million
is
of
curiosity
seriously
in
at
Wishful
ar,d
been
r.vansposition
failure
journey?
have
ex’cites
resources
(CNC1.
a
that
1947
UNICEF
a
indeed,
16
,*
entire
IJNICEF
having
Headquarters.
direct
Chapter
Ey
that
the
for
would
and
that
for
year,
e$ven
IUNRRA
In
prepared
Children,
L
for
Far
children
in
,who
were
born
and
comf
or t .
China
hide
shelter
ci ty
5ee
in
%treets
40
or
c1 Cv
street%
zame
29
,dezr,erately
them
are
Some
have
to
50
daytime
while
to
be
of
these
ir,
tt,e
million
picked
rtee,d
of
June
bald
been
k.et,?
did
wa$
up
Analysis
in
China
wfiter~ency
th?
ssem
greater
at
than
Nations.
resort
at
to
and
in
tuation
one
the
13
it
weather,
cff
nor
the
of
14
fc’od
t:L
keep
in
the
!Jr, ws.usi
rc, und
e~.timate,j
of
,
p~sce
s=arct:
is
makes
age
zero
die
Qu.an
hours.”
under
.
OF
thiea.)ery
just
.
childr~n
are
in
petty
.
if
in
M4R.RA”:.
c,f
them
night
sick
buried
help.
of
doorways
out
Appe%l
Branch
si
most
in
co~pses
mornin,3
=Liue
d!uring
not
far
United
desperate
come
and
N s~w Y,:, r k.
=Xpre=.Sed
UNRRfi
scale
the
the
sleep
weaker
little
ct,ildren
ir,
of
ones
the
early
of
orphans;
and
stronger
alive,
The
!*I=!Y
17
the
of
The
.
peopi=
under
pointed
up.
“Some
of
these
18
war,
have
never
seen
a da:j
the
the
.
themselves
again
during
Some
Chief
Affairs,
is
30
China
CIhic=,
all.
through
in
known
projects
at
similar
request
Quan,
Eastern
a
react,
the
the’
on
be,come
in
helped
medicine’
need
to
at
King
,undernourished.
other=
able
had
children
on
absolute
been
yet
million
help
it
?0
Nanjing
and
continued
had
notes
Office
ssorfie 2
the
nat
C,hina
operations
happen
from
clothing
Yet
likely.
many
far
when
its
would
writing
food,
previous
and
the
(1947)
down
what
although
receiving
year
clo.~ing
correspondent
dismay
for
be
Re%dv
Eiettinq
-
the
about
children
all
of
concerned
Times
by
middle
UNRR,A
became
2
c:,f
ti-,.at
We?-e
?,:,
time
Because
evidence
children
during
detailed
data
superfluous
to
prevailing;
“Cotton
UNRRA’S
commodities
is
which
of
unrelenting
be
the
best
For
q,Janti
that
both
start
for
one
ties
thing,
of
Donald
estimated
already
been
through
a
cotton
shipped
special
UNRRA
worth
for
in
had
the
over
for
already
cotton
Account
needs5
ted
tt,ec
contin,Je,3.
t,he
h“auing
to
their
exter,t
tc
u%.e
relative
,,.,.
stages.
irr, por?ance
“wadding”
again~.t
But
a
would
shipped
co,lld
with
M,d
still
to
t,~
@
t’r:e
the
cotton
proje=t
as
in
worth
an
of
additional
late
the
as
I r,
Shangt,
cott,>n
%13
October
unsold
Central
more
equal.
le.3atian
remair,ed
with
vastly
begin
.-
berth
conditions.
extyeme
US362,000,000
China
limi
planning
Australian
proqr.smme.
Commodity
of
of
China?
IJNICEF
to
early
ar, d
its
of
from
winters.
uNICEF
to
of
included
cloth
gatherin.3
UNI!;E7
necessarily
example
was
northern
how
,upon
considered
precarious
apart
cotton
than
that
the
UNICEF’S
LINRP.A
memorandum
million
the
but
of
ten
of
=ffec~ed
was
of
another
which
the
Rather,
advice
available
-
chill
P,andwri
$50
were
China,
under
UNRRA
-
clear?
studies
rnstter
is
experience
question
people
on
visit,ed
impractical.
used
Project”
Priatenes=
no
be
seemed
field
immediate
best
calamities
years
time,
dependence
The
=pPro
the
more
could
war
special
at
the
overwhelming
long
through
witk,
resources
which
the
and,
deal
of
ai
1947,
Bank.
20
,
:4Y
had
millior,
OJrIcler
.s
.sdde,~
.z.err, e
the
terms.
.
reservations,
year
however,
later-,
As.
as
an
we
shall
aside,
ccntinu:r,q
lLINRR&
yesterday
b,~
the
how
best
m:.l lion
dollars
reluctance
letter’
with
is
a
from
Peking
been
in
serve
as
invitation
came
arranged
Mr
felt
for
Pate
a
his
ahead
.
His
IWas
that
“i t
during
late
for
take
first
uJar
in
China.
consider
lCEF
tn
appoint
repre~entati,,,
the
-
this
Shanghai
a>
e
Robert
Hart
wr i tin?
ask
Harry
Pri,:e
,.!h,o
Mi=zic#r$
Zincs
i t=.
an
“uld
[China
view.;
air,
,zir,z,,m,s.t.~n,=e?.
s,~c,n
as.
.al:-e.=,i!.~
hc,weuer~
awn
she~d
Har!!z”
this
IJNP.R.A t,.sd
,did~
jump
in
.ami
have
Price
to
$2
almost
since
ur,,=~rt
of
Erit:sh
Llfifortunatel:y,
his
ad,/i~.~
could
LJa S
a? inn
!0
sending
for
China
Mr
the
am
to
and
Outlinin.3
WP1l
Sir
UNRR4
recommendation
be
This
decided
in
Fund
t,~
morning
of
the
called
rI.:P.
characteristic
“I
this
the
through
with
,, 23
services.
report”
would
f,J1l-tirlp
of
continued
sho,,ld
1.+>,
cgm(pet=n<
too
a
t;-:=
prog?zrmfie
turns
mails,
Pate
consultant
“mir(ority
I.INICEF
Mr
1947,
the
letters
24
earlier.
Director
UNICEF
again
cor~espor,,:e
!Iwas
proposed
And,
haste.
the
a
Emergency
turn,
leaves
some
Chongqing
in
trust
from
Assistant
inception
to
in
of
!up
illl~5.tra?*s.
lLNI!CEF-Ctiin
tt,eir
He
twho
century
November
taken
letter
Washington
advice.
to
Atkinson
quate
a
in
”
for
time
the
devise
China.
wr iteen
direct.
In
had
Mr
being
been
the
this
Childrsn’s
could
Shanghai
at
of
He=dqr,arters
for
in
on=,
r,.eture
ICEF
was
project”
pertinent
International
the
Consulate
it
a
once-removed
@f
“cotton
see.
but
?-IT Harris
on
the
on
z
p,z%s.it,la
.>~
ch in a,,.-’
th~
few
NW?-::=
F,.at.h
he
t%:
e.z;:>g. –
.=
from
persunnel
Cleveland,
the
who
the
task
convened
of
Year-old
Children’s
.
what
In
included
wrote
the
S
Q.epresentative
who
the
tk,e
at
Mr’
the
notes
kifidl:+
this
time
system
of
(Of
agreed
to
take
to
the
IJNRPA’s
those
tns
n,~r
ye?
“residu.ai
taking
part
UNICEF;
M?’
advice
to
IJNICEF;
Hiss.
fir=.
t
(interim)
r,edicsl
H
Lu,-, d
~...!-,,:,
?jar,,?
IUNIC:EF
adviser;
letter
.“
up
of
the
o,ver
several
friend
Petersen,
“Or
that
of
this
Borcic,
delii}er
he
to
of
be
sent
this
who
partial
and
advice
!+ar:-,.t
ti,
copy
i<.
letter
he
to
lack
lea,.,
to
LINRRA
ing
yfi!d
was
colonel
zr,d
to
only
lLINICEF’~
H%j-ri~
faith
on
tomorrnw’z.
h,.and.,,)
th:r,:,,~-,
2S! yes?-z.
of
by
i~
UNICEF.
req,de>?
directly
because
a
breaktt,rougt,
LINICEF’S
writes
contemporary
blHO,
a
berween
replying
Could
the
came
correspondence
Washington,
with
t~
there
in
course,
and
that
J
of
“dissenting”
instead
Pate!
time?
Washington,
become
Dr
offered
himself,
UNRRA
separate
Headquarters
Director,
be
taken
last
staff
beneficiary
of
to
its
had
0
Cleveland”own
should
Cleveland
China;
through
l+arl.~n
years.
who
senior
continuing
later
UNRP,*
26
pondsrous
his
=t
wrote
was
Harlan
a
his
the
report
in
Pate.
It
advice
Fund,
W~%
UNRRf$
of
to
the
administrator
seeing
Sorcic,
WhO
Maurice
best
majority
Pzlevsky,
Price
of
addition
CIr
through
young
a meeting
,Z’J==-tlOn
assets”
worked
promising
unenviable
months,
had
in
:12
i r,
mails.,
pl.zr,
.2~
e
t:.ss
Ministry
of
Social
Affairs
(MOSA)
“historically
-
an
organ
of
provinci
.=1
‘.
Kuomintang
Party”.
Furthermore,
and
at
municipal,
had
political
appointees
ir(
lower
participation
programme
lacking
the
qenerally
funds
been
and
for
the
effective
levels
of
of
welfare
of
a
local
10I.J
government,
burews.
in
There
Order.
cooperating
operation,
the
UNRRI+
h~ere
agencies
:yet
jealous
many
,were
0:
prerogatives.
The
political,
military
and
economic
situation
accented
the:r
tt!e
and
levels,
summary,
the
high
UNRRA
The
had
fund
It
of
should
the
not
be
As
turned
o,Jer
to
made
on
in
say
small
control
or
project
by
tu
needs;
private
basis
by
are
benefits
relation
public
a
~ ~,
Plannir,5.
UNICEF:
in
schemes
of
National
to
exercised
nationwide
dissipation
of
t~
is
be
and
Large-scale,
unreality
million
should
supervision
of
following
33.5
ICommitments
Avoid
degree
agencies;
with
LINICEF;
not
possible;
thinly
spr~ad
dis.tribiut:on
supplies.
for
positiue
Projects
local
should
be
resources
services.
Child
suggestions:
and
Examples
welfare
well
to
of
morbidity,
g,
through
lit=racy
sani
public
instruction
stress
community
lines
had
been
including
and
ion
and
in
a
mother
births,
inf..mt
z.;
mas.z
poster<.,
pictures;
pr,>jects
cIroIJp
c,f
h,orr,e
de.a?hs.,
income:
motion
succes.5ful
organized
nursing
fnr
entertainment.
educational
support;
i,f
clinics
family
meetings,
znd
IJ.:irr.a
-
pregnancy,
tat
z.,
continuance
for
areas
pregnant
or,
i“nstitution
projects
rural
data
housir,
education
in
teaching
personnel
specific
babies,
obtain
with
training
centre
children,
!visits
asociated
alor,g
villages
th~s.e
cut.%ide
“Peiping”
Child
f~elf.are
Schc, ol
~chaol
provide
cer,tres
extension
age
In
Iurttar,
services,
children
teaching
diz. rricts,
Since
gc,
t~
per%onr,el,
s.choc,l
mealz.,
only
ir,
as
“A
small
Chir,a,,
clinicz.,
.ab~ve
per,c~r,
irfipo~tar,r
~.,,p=r,.,!
ta,gs
of
t.,
i .~e,j
pJ. a:,:
9
Vocational
are
9
-.
Finznce
and
pa!yment
of
well
two
about
3%
of
project
grant
zaid,
th=
should
to
direct
c!i~.tributior,
the
sho,Jld
k,e
worker!
expert
reports
officer
expenses
control
these
be
imt,:,
.
ICEF
be
c,r,
.
in
pUbllC
and
IJp
k!:,,
Dlrect,?r,
hsalth
health
sciucs?iz?,
statistician;
.=lich!
secretariat
creation
three
of
grant
by
a
made
UNICEF
hlloc.ati,>ns
six,
of
p,Jblic
UNICEF
,
sat
Bc, arti
IUP O?
and
would
be
of
three
thre~
rr,ure
ccr, .s
basis
time
.
of
the
by
that
composed
Suggest
jointl,y
project
a
physician,
Government
would
Chir,
grant;
health
Government
.
ce.
for
the
by
by
of
in
expendable=
for
ir,
appointed
ted
professionals
and
textiles
of
public
welfare
which
.appoiri
and
management
with
members
especially
secretariat
organisers,
Trustees
fur!d
food
A
child
R~lations
before
as
the
field
concern
t~orkers,
equipment
Officer,
,
funds
need
for
nurse
adolescents
UNICZF
local
Secretariat
Executive
expeller,
rnanaqement
in
UNICEF
beer,
refugees
of
some
as
children
4.
groups
organizations;
ported
The
fOr
large
teaching
:3.
t-mrk”sho!Js
h.sd
not
projects
1S
in
illuminating
makes
utilized
ever,
a
f ifial
,~ithout
besn
mentioned:
C,>mmur,ist-ccr,
znd
commi
tr
.Sh OIJld
tment
discrimination
.
rul led
he
.
“Nott,ir, y
.
,csire
.are.a?.
full!,,
hag
1.IF!F:.F.4 ~.
c.t, id:e Ij
Ar!
ir, t2rr13ticr831
On
poliri,z,~l
BuYeau
of
Social
two-thirds
of
million
be
discussed
and
P
Council
used
aid
a
leading
to
5r0up
from
Europe
and
Children’s
wasted.
larqe
leading
interest
that
,ur.ilized
“
Mary
institution,
and
warmly
up
almo-sy
any
/sky,
but
on
felt
advisifig
up
in
such
other
the
that
in
-
%ci.=1
a
Paris,
supported
of
by
cur,>pnsed
Social
s.eemE
short-term
in
an
tk, e
Dr
prop,?
Barcic
the
expenditure
9
.Srx(2
personnel
,
in
lChines.e
b$
with
institute,
many
the
establish
32
Shanghai
gr.sr,t
InstitiJ?e
health
to
‘other
of
tfi=t
.3~Sr!C1eS.
experience
an
a
Ministry
Children’s
for
as.
woul,d
voluritarv
in
him
or,e
5oard
helping
discussions
was
Pale!
ha,d
representatives.
Economic
Yuan,
in
Centre
“putting
--
of33.5
Borcic
commitment
set
courses
toward
IJNRRA
the
favorable
training
Institute
concluded
the
th.=t
UNICEF
UNICEF
Ir,stitute
HealtF~l
movement
the
United
Borcic
be
Executive
Children’s
During
to
early,
ar,d
the
of
the
Thi=
UNICEF’s
International
well
of
refresher
States.
to
Children’s
21
proposins
the
,on
written
two-thirds
The
UNICEF.
E30rcic
from
with
member
Institute
Ministry
parallel
from
Dr
commitment
Washington
already
representatives
to
Nations.
,Asing
cities.
perhaps
in
Ubnited
Children’s
Affairs,
cotton
China’s
had
written
anticipated
buy
Chan5,
Pate
favored
then
to
the
UNICEF
had
proposal
C
of
But
~f
the
this
with,
to
Affairs,
it
hand,
did
net
small
traininq
for
.=
!wt,,:,
mone!j
of
:.si
twc,
uld
t,e
,b,O,Jl,j
L,e
favor
.3 singlp
,centr-zs
ir,
L4hen
Harry
he
decided
Lund,
“,,.Jrit ten
“the
the
such
Price
from
that
a
which
he
it
He
view.
1)
appoint
reprez.
2)
develop
for
amj
applications
a?.
Pate
he
to
a
a.
,
Pate
a
a
Haroid
letter
believed
that
prep.ar~d
merits
is
supplement
c,m~che,d
than
.2q
in
.3
i ons:
a
,
by
Pal~v=ky
possible
Chir,
z
situat
competer,
person
the
organ
to
har!dle
basic
of
t
fcA1l-time
with
would
in
a
i3ack. gT,:31Jru3
no
izari
sir,
ofi,
a
agenci
UNICEF
the
selected
e=.
to
assistance,
one
project.
qle
zqency
perz.
ar, nel
,:QY supe?-fviz.s
or,
,objective=
or
fund~
China
approach
any
supplies
Government,
voluntary
to
statemsnt’
UNICEF
ior,
with
“t(eczuse
”
Mr
recommendat
use
for
%200,000
?ence
Miss.
like
immediately
tative
Government
fund.
soorc
agreement
Represer,
has
send
letter
sever,
in
to
after
needed
and
more
make=
standards
about
to
prepared
experience
applicable
3)
paper
although
Price’s
entative
China
the
have
[L,und]
rg.ads
as
of
and
would
And
te?_M5,
over
standpoint”
study.”
~entl=
dissenting
he
different
memorandum
closest
looked
the
ii<.
or
t
prep
.st-e
not
exceed
This
at
IJNICEF
the
,nf
ir,3
.apprc,.at?,
prss.
ect
der,>or, srra?&
handliriq
,:,?
i=.
::me
:,:,mL,e-
the
entire
in
conjunct
5)
the
on
development
with
tt, e
of
a
ICEF
“Board
contri
of
but
ion.”
Trustees”
at
the
Frime
‘f
“British
Dominion
equipment
before
the
On
had
the
IJNICEF
December3
E.le,Jeland
Dorothy
UNRRA
in
to
New
York.
On
the
l~th
of
serve
secre?ary
and
expressed
great
problems
In
the
0 r,
Christmas
the
IJNICEF
set
~nd
same
eve,
Chief
formerly
in
the
field
of
a,dvics
to
from
%end
it
~t,=fi.~t:.ai
over
to
was
ciul!y
the
the
Kathleen
Cleveland’s
to
UNICEF’S
cable
li.=ison
office
a
ak.kin,g
37
O=cember
as
interim
up
a
its
,
UNICEF
drafted
UNICEF
UNICEF
n
office
for
draft
,
shor
in
UN RRAZ=
UNICEF
and
.annoIJnced
Nission
in
to
tened
t,ighe=t
for
cable
Representative,
recommendations
of
be
%pace,
M?Ir?
fr~m
and
Llashington
appreciation
and
office
to
hastened
secretaries,
then
to
unlikely
recommended
Geraghty
qualified
by
assign
package
UNR.RA
36
there,
representative;
Australia,
on
was
the
and
Office
12th,
;and
year.
klashington,
the
Paleusky
of
of
interim
passed
UNICEF
the
Ilth
excellently
and
of
Liaison
Or,
Dominion)’’
vehicles.
end
reached
uNIcEF
and
and
(repeat
the
to
Shanghai
t,elpf,,l
IUNI!2EF
cabled
for
to
an,~l,.,,.z.e.=
mee?ing
Shanqtizi
long-ak.sits
%
uNICEF
.
recent
employ
3
their,
b!,!
I.INF..W
apptiinrrnecr
Ck,ir,a:
pc35ition5
,.dittl
Ir, tern
ati82n
.31
.’-”-’
P.ed
n?
Will
arrive
Shanghai
Palevsky
is
and
therefore
ICEF
equally
‘arrangements
The.
the
Chief
delay
in
Borders,
a
today
copy
in
view
for
bertefit
the
complete
IJNICEF
the
a
the
“pruning”
resc,urces”
for
M411;EF,
for
fuller
information
him
in
its
And
apP~I i n trfier, t
m.eking
at
as
UNICEF
Mission
3S.5
million
had
ILNRF%
Marcel
ye.sr’s
end,
“lr,terim
there.
been
made
for
A
for
China
.-
out
I
,we
been
to
we
Shanghai
yOIJ
litti~
will
40
made.”
●
be
r=sidual
immediatel:v
wa=
I
resource:.
UNRRfi
,which
.
Director
sure
haue
I
.ars
a
residual
am
Kar
“.
pruned
the
“conse+ve
Junod
!writes
,wt,ict,
by
so
~xplainz.
a=.k~d
the?,
cabled
t:
form!
Mary
leave
all)
IJNRRA’s
Pale(>sk,y
Representative
to
work
33
Washington,
started
really
LINICEF-dr.afted
preparations
the
becaus=
He
has
exclusions
not
about
original,
so,
did
by
Fund)
the
in
Affairs
in
cable
conserving
with
the
The
Children’s
can
Miss
collaboration.
cleared
of
agreement
Alas,
(now
ICEF
Junod
Office
campaign
the
and
Eastern
..
.
message.
UNICEF
feels
success
Far
economy
interest
of
of
Shanghai.
new
she
Liaison
cable
to
to
corttinued
Office
the
the
of
of
(in
her
UNRRA’s
dispatching
General
in
at
essential
for
Borcic
January,
hopes
tran=rnitting
then
enclose
bit
of
early
had
ICEF”
IChir, a
prelimit,
as
sry
p?-c, gramrr, es
accepted
and
the
permanent
UNICEF
in
Marcel
comrrti
China,
the
Ju nod
(....j.a~
Ch:sf
,of
tmer, t
,:,f
Chapter
When
r,ee,jecl
Marcel
to
rsegc~t iate
for
the
herself.
A
earl’)
perzonfiel
matters.
an
agreement
and
should
1
be
second
matter
ue
to
handled
a
was
the
large
terminated
down,
many
in
of
China
circumstances.
da,ys,
and
inter
i t
vie,ds
at
them
under’
Dr
was
from
his
rather
a
(and
as
=taff
CNRRA)
staff
the
especial!+
the
highly
uol
for
bed,
him
too
t,o
atile
well
carry
UNRRA
kin.g
Mary
this.
than
UNICEF
not
nscessary
P.lar,
that
time
not
in
January
of
?=
I.A,SS tc
in
UNF,PA
was
first
Office.
were
Junod
294S,
UNICEF
arriual
this
Februar!+
the
up
of
5
Government
of
building
number
China
The
rhe
Junod’s
.in
or,
Headquarters
after
being
workinq
with
operations
recommended
wifiding
military
three
sign
were
cor, tir,
away
and
members
Work
Shanqhai
right
Although
Starts.
in
up
China.
,.dere
UNICEF
arrived
take
had
-
Junod
establishment
Palevsky
matter’
3
h,,:
fnr
oger.ari,>fiz
eager
t<,
poliricsl
du?ing
o!Jt
:.orne
an,j
these
cf
the
arrangement%
for
controlled
areas
Although
for
the
of
the
easier
Shanghai
office
By
March,
for
the
aided
Dr
newly
the
capital
for
supply
advice
of
serve
a
centre.s,
the
and
international
the
to
incoming
reported
supplies
to
programme
On
and
the
as
a
Mir,istry
lwere
the
DIJ?
Affair:.
tF,a
tb,rougkl
ir,
do
so,
As
Governmer,
day-?c,-da:J
th, e
be
used
the
care
was
.
opened
first
UNICEF-
centres~
Price)
asked
or
creation
of
the
this
.as
Representative
each
distribution
citie=
Field
with
kept
to
the
one
UNICEF
centres,
the
of
manner,
the
tc~
general
worked
care
was
were
In
in
the
Chinese
and
appointed
H
UNRP.A
against
side.
Dr
to
Affairs,
to
cer, trzl
Gff.airs:
the
argued
Social
Go,werrlrr, ent
hostel
selection
projects.
about
administratiur,
the
the
a
local
record
cerctres,
development
of
of
and
the
whole.
had
of
the
the
Mission
a
resDected
child
the
and
and
of
their
matter,
r,ecessary
ttfe
China
another
Paleusk,y
and
Mission
retaining
child
supplies
the
Shanghai
here.
Palevsky
was
up
of
in
China
month,
UNICEF
UNICEF
set
Communist
shipping
and
a
up
with
up
finance
and
member
help
the
the
while
opened
(Lund,
were
This
of
Nanking,
were
management
Representative.
set
its
Uithin
of
staff
committees
to
charged
supplies
were
operations,
well-known
is,
into
because
Nanking
setting
allocation
UNICEF
at
group
committee
supervision
where
the
UNRRA
team
establish
staff.
to
That
on
to
centres
the
and
moved
ar7iving
regard
followed.
at
had
child-feeding
With
offices
UNRRA
decided
Junod
UNICEF
UNICEF
with
in
a
China.
first
UNICEF
Headquarters
of
North
contact
facilities,
entry
other
turned
had
rt, e
LINIcEF,s
indeed
,wi rh
the
tt,a
that
be
brou3t,
if
t
con
~orlt=ct
Ministr:,,
of
uere
‘of
tt, e
er, t
De~, .srrr,
it
ir,
Offlclal
Gc,vernrflent
f+ffsir~.,
Lur,d
through,
tt, e
C,irector
:Sjl:ial
followed:
suggested
also
out,
was
dealings
P4ic, is. ry f,, ,mf
Frice
not
working
Ministries
? level
C CF, ar, g,
was
IJNICEF’S
and
it
advice
Soci.sl
,:s )-l- i sd
,:0< :Smc
ial
e
As’
“.
as
any
practical
under
single
By
a
the
contrast
were
with
slight.
meeting
needs
Field
pattern
of
the
reponsibili
assistance
Programme
New
be
the
directly
under
It
control
as
they
control
of
the
Government’i
had
been
There
within
LINICEF
fairly
without
the
Nationalists
was
for
about
or
IJNICEF
to
mission
would
supply
to
be
qo~vernment
recognized
or, e
mi =z. i,~r,
?t, z?
tk, e
Nar, k. ir, q
took
the
centres.
where
far
this
of
during
devoted
an
Government”
those
April,
the
amount
major
of
“in
This
.
parts
of
“not
places
areas.
was
the
China
forces,
or
“Lib*rated
under
UNICEF
of
helping
whether
they
lived
to
the
bet,.,eer,
Communist=.
uJith
each,
the
ed
in
ir,
direct
Nationalist
the
that
s~,?err,rr,er,?
s r*;,
:r(
Nari,
re5Pr,
te,3
fir,
‘vie,~,
whict,
tt, e
there
tF, P
ir,
~epar=te
l,~i th
was
I t
b,.,
Thu=.,
~rs.as);
other
ida~,k.:fi~.
nee<
rsccrnr,end.~tior,
an,,tf,er
:,n%,
and
controlled
endently.
China
lJn ited
Orle
stron,3
inde~,
The
UNRRA
in
Sreas
“Liberated
Manchuria.
b:,,
in
Narlki”g,
the
and
children
IIne
side
a mis~ion
since
.+r, d
and
prograrr,rnes
questior,
through
that
of
in
purposes
cc$ncern
York
that
Communist
to
that
.
establis~,
held
the
modest
programme
this
up.
prevailed,
the
discussion
deal
rol~tes
lLIN1llEF
of
a
matters.
problems
Board
much
by
setting
New
proposed
the
staff
supplies.
in
to
referred
regard
addition
and
were
no
of
referring
fireas”,
found
way
most
real
of
cities
UNICEF
of
a
a
his
political
the
establishment
for
the
of
Executive
was
control
used
all
discussion
for
direct
circumlocution
a
aside
oversight
out
the
so
level
for
of
of
or
good
and
on
showed
Headquarters
.China.
Set
personal
carried
York
to
in
under
was
session
pOssibiliCies
not
in
Junod
were
commun;ty
ties
Committee
its
resources
the
mismanagement
UNICEF’s
%500,000
at
Dr
as
government
committees
children
or
““ G?
.
local
probably
gave
the
to
Representatives
misdirection
At
in
supplies
the
of
their
UNICEF
with
IJNICEF’S
divert
was
It
deal
UNRR4,
And
seriously
parr
to
to
this
circumstances.
individual
temptations
e’
arrangement,
E.
,:or,l:,,
shmdl,i
t!.=’j
acres.
[[’
UNICEF
t,e
tle
or,
F1’:!pe!i
Execut
i,..’e
l’,,
Board,
would
uphold
geographical
practical
terms,
permission
through
talks
the
with
an
CLARA
in
their
of
the
all
of
of
June
in
of
war)
permission
first
Social
Communist
year
kind
Dr
children
Dr
without
had
Hongkong
existence
not
about
entering
aid
and
comfort
for
the
CLARA
began
develop
Nanking
after
deeply
the
some
in
a
two
in
other
discussions
talks
in.3’
Government
interested
to
seek
undsrtake
for
the
was
to”
to
authorities
its
Junod
Junod
Affairs
Understandably,
ciuil
any
Nevertheless,
the
last
bitter
of
that
representative
areas.
the
facilitating
on
to
meanwt
Ministry
with
entering
decades
this
the
agreement
programme
(nm
commitment
discrimination.
In
into
UNICEF’s
side.
was
Hongkong
yiven,
with
and
Lin
a
Chung
the
representative
Association.
of
Agreement
was
Communist-controlled
UNICEF’
ai’d
Earlier,
UNICEF
in
such
on
proposing
for
Dr
Eloesser
accept
gave
request.
outlined
up
both
his
Liberated
for
a
Areas
UNICEF
discussions
on
team
the
Relief
to
spot
90
into
about
how
used.
been
looking
blith
he
someone
agreement
then
tranfer
for
wrote
from
WHO
now
co
Dr
to
take
to
represent
reached
Leo
in
Eloes.%er
up
this
an
Jur,s
special
UNICEF.
whose
and
teaching
Ir,
for
had
sides,
he
Chinese
reached
discussions.
unusual
a
2
be
Junod
that
assignment
to
best
Dr
principle
6th
areas
could
the
a
whole
life
difficult
letter
had
to
on
just
ir,
Mr
this
He
in
communist-controlled
marked
to
written
from
re.
2
from
a
accept
the
aagerr,es.s
UNICEF
Nanking,
fi’~e-month
gior,s
See
LFC, El,:,psspr,
Euh Q’J
for
P1.o.,
put,li;t,e,
tIY .Dr Harris
E 5:i,,4ma,;k.er
, Jr
The
Pk, ilosc,
pt, iz<l
Li bra.,,
.3 El,les.ser
to F1.zu rice
P.=te,
Ex+,:,)ri’.,e
(sic)
Nar,k.
inq,
.If~ne
16th, , 194S
w
an
he
3
mission.
returned
by
characteristically
Changsha
Pate
new
1)
been
challenges,
assignment
views
had
s
6f
Free
j
in
[!lrec?
Nortt,
WHO
assi3nmenr
China.
~=,,,,,:,
Sc, ir
19s2
it,
ir
o?-,
ICEF,
a t,iw~rsp~,:,:
NeM ‘.{,:,, -1. ttv
F~ri<.
@
P
IUNICEF
as.
only
one
relief
the
this
respect,
Dr
the
Eloesser
had
In
of
spite
with
the
been
the
it
history
Communist
in
of
areas,
the
and
UNRRA
TO
aliz.t
the
z.ide,
KIT
cooperation
.
difficulties<.
in
trying
Dr
Eloesser
military
“Centrl
Office”
not
be
to
best
[This
of
to
facilitate
remair,
situation
should
leave
question
Harbin
entry
for
channels
after
local
has
of
has
were
lay
down
details
reverberated
Food
is
ed
likely:
policy,
to
the
within
scarce
progreamrne
medical
care
10C=1
IUNICEF
is;
not
ar,d
of
will
ICE F.”
a
therefore
,
be
s
a
cent?-es
in
China,
priori
equipment
~.ar,
perrnaner,
as
the
a,-e.a
there?
“urge
ar,ti-epidemic
actual
determined
Communist
high
mentioned
not
authorities
in
vaccine-production,
ef?orts
should
be
with
not
repeatedly
distribution
feeding
installed,
been
supplies,
consultation
childrebn’s
●
welcome
”
Natior,
Communi~t
.
the
sagacity.
highest
the
sanction
Ftar, died
abstacles
On
of
the
Although
and
if
mission.
conducted
decades]
port
for
overcome
t
t!+;
theref.,>ye
but
~~
any
and
and
the
Government
changes
officer?
4)
from
assured
be
has
deftness
24...
a
recognized,
must
Junod
Chir,
optimistic.
although
3)
was
knowledge
“Dr
had
recent
for
Rapid
for
Junod
ICEF
determinedly
would
country
noted,
Nationalist
programmed
the
concessions
authorities,
of
war’
extraordinary
obtained
success
civil
Government’s
he
with
Having
the
within
recognized
situation
2)
to
operations
wi th
In
party
in
r,eed
f~,r-
liaison
was
“special
of
offices”
the
arrival
to
be
by
the
in
Or
work
in
mid-1948
Maurice
was
to
UNICEF
to
Junod
offices
in
preserved
in
of
so
out,
Headquarters
visit
The
one
and
by
in
the
,
set
CNRRA
and
CLARA
four
and
.8
would
up
of
a
UNICEF
of
and
have
with
were
in
train
for
UNICEF
in
China
at
by
his’
working
office
cities,
prepared
report
months
formal
other
plans
of
in
the
s.tsff
in
LINICEF
Newton
from
who
it
1)
Child
“Section”
who
had
through
1947,
The
UNICEF
staff
powder
for
sk, ipment
be
made
then
was
of
UNRR.A
was
warml~,
Shanghai
these
to
for
t,>
the
7
and
the
both
1(7
aid
Tienr
F.ai Fenq
,ur,set
“Prc,gres=.
N’(’HC!,
2S
snd
r.1F3
was
liver
oil
in
for
-
sin,
cod
Shanq hai
I+SIJCFIC,I,J cc, IJld
F,&r,:,rt
A!Jm,)Jzt
or,
154s
(=cr, dit
lJNICEF
being
,wh:,le
t,ockad
cap~ulez
Feedinq
,
and
,af
A,Jg,Js. t.
child
Peiping
militsr’J
pounds.
rice
Zealand
supplies
cities
800,000
China;
frc, m New
Tsingtao,
Supplies
in
‘“Siam”;
shipped
of
?G Pate,
lLINII~EF,
1?47
wi th
visit
Nearly
arrived
from
Distribution
“owic,q
centres.
had
be
Hankow,
a
China
Bowles,
in
not
years,
to
%erued
uJhich
that:
milk
to
was
four
Headquarters
Newton
field
on
the
was
feedinq
to
the
later
Durir,g
UNICEF
did
to
UNICEF
days.
newly-appointed
reported
was
headquarter=
early
China
He
,
established
from
these
Progr-amme
EO&JleS
Ck, irr.a”
had
characteristic
one
were
4
Because
)
several
a
visits
in
only
Nar, kir(5.
UNICEF
within
picture
sev=ral
areas.
between
year,
and
A
and
4
hallmark
blashington
the
Government
China.
become
carried
Hongkong.
the
North
pattern
1951,
welcomed
Marcel
recruitment;
is
relationships
between
of
under
Pate.
The
middle
field
-
of
of
Shanghai
Communist-controlled
liaison
way
with
and
pl.a. ‘~~
by
China,
relationships
capital
radio
between
in
breakdown
CLARA,
Thus
maintained
Nankir,
,centres
q.
Canton.
r,,:, !
b=
:.hipped
ions”
Pmgrsmme
fc?-
..-
2)
Channels
fCEF
of
food
through
established,
avoid
both
the
mechanism
and
delay
help
in
to
take
the
to
up
strengthen
th?”ough
of
and
setting
be
place
field
Government
of
distributing
centres
would
operating
welfare
of
feeding
feeding
alread!y
maternity
would
e.pecial
first
agencies
Instead
distribution.
child
and
Thiz.
private.
a
new
.
distributic,
existing
child
n
,~el
fare
agencies.
Planning
●
MOSA;
had
this
been
carried
cooperation
operational
phz~.e
local
established
in
carried
out,
working
with
Tientsin
both
seriously
at
now
the
extended
national
and
UNICEF
coordinatir,g
the
the
where
Field
Represer,
These
concerned
about
was
supplies
and
reaching
Canton,
3)
had
Prospects.
t,ealth
first
Shari ghai
and
Tientsin
alrea,j!j
,
use
of
Nankin3,
ICEF
Ministry
handling
the
seemed
effective
direction
the
mechani~ri,
of
ir,comin3
UNICEF
shipm=r,ts
in
a
a,~er, cie.s.
SIJ?
:.tJpplie:.
csr, r,,:, t
fir,
work
g.(d
by
work
inopportune
satis.
fact,:,
lCIC.S1
r:,,
of
i5.
,:of 1,3C31
“ThP
the
a
?<,
The
Chir,a.
,ciuil
make-shift
ic
local
comr,i?tees
ir, q ,.<i ?t(
51Jfl:Ceed.
time
I.lnrealist.
MOSA
.3r, cir, g
in
Only
p(, ssible.
lCEF
for
a most
welfare
ever:ythir,
t~.
Tt,erefore,
is
and
arrangemer,
Ci7ir, a
for
be
“seemed
good
reCei-Jed
“This
dominates
,adequ.~te
$hanghai
to
.
undertake
war
were
committees
responsible
been
was
The
Communications
mar, r,er
had
tatiues
supplies.”
le,., elz.
Advisory
in
making
and
the
local
distributiofi
committees
Peiping.
LINICEF
to
committees
cities
local
between
be
National
UNICEF
and
joirltly
would
Paralleling
Committees,
out
10C%1
ager,
>trand~
ci es.,
will
~,ro’.?ide
,:hil,d
,szri,:,),5.
CV1-rer$q,
t<3 e;,;pect
I..Ielf.>YE
pr1:3tll
tt(e
of
the
Em
-
wi ct,l:u,j:
pv(, g?-.smme,
a,~rr,ir,i=.ll-atl,.)
ir,
e
UNICEF
weakness
and
sombre
shortage
background
of
to
our
money
interweave
China
programme.’r
in
China
to
make
2-”
.3
. .
As
for
the
immediate
Committee
in
at
April
its
1943
future,
session
to
a
programme
of
$S50,000,
In
Advisory
Committee
programmed.
China
is
great
need
Staff
Chief
China’s
of
Deputy,
of
UNICEF
a
common
limited
programme
the
working
on
Finance
Officer
to
Marcel
Junod
Ralph
Goodwir,
Stuart
& f$dmin
Youngson
Henri
Secretaries
Anette
Shirley
Price
Naomi
Field
P%lbant
Representatives
Shanqhai
Hm
C
Berges
blanking
[Nanjing]
Evelyn
Hankow
[Hankou]
D K Faris
Andet’zon
(arriving
Tsinqtao
Sept)
Elsie
[Qinqdaol
Moyle
(arriving
Tient~in
[Tiar,j
Peipir,q
[Be~jirt91
lCar, t ,:,n
[Gu.3r,5zt,
Jean
in]
5Ppt”:,
Schillir,,q
Helen
o,u]
plar,~
channels
supply
Supply
National
element
-
Mission
of
negati,~e
children.”
Mission
foo,j
texrile
of
were
Pragrar,>me
the
a
a medical
operations
Asst
China
the
Sub-committees
to
China
to
dollars,
and
extremely
of
prograrnme
extension
million
But
“the
of
an
Nanking,
these
4)
second
UNICEF
devoted
considered
programme
3300,000.
the
Drummer, d
(w3c.3r, t,
be
fille,d
l.s?er
b,,,
reach
f,:,r
in
the
Simon
Polak
Norman
Horn
Netherlands
‘.
Consul
ant,
Textile
Programme
MT
neuly
Bowles
concludes
‘North
formed
very
careful
to
this
as
possible
to
deal
on
China”,
one
the
China
advice
of
the
prediction
that
to
In
a
Bowles
a
UNICEF
had
“job
China.
In
maximum,
quantity
for
or
them.”
piece
wareh~usin~
speed
up
before
fir,
isk,ed
would
Minter,
,cl,~ttl
beer,
rzg%rd
as
diatir,,=t
to
gain
the
for
the
of
use
early
that
the
tle
,ayr.sr,ae:.
Newton
to
of
of
~xchar,
wou!. d
qe
bp
of
cottsr,
5
raw
cotton
receive
children
f,:rr
“a
and
institutions
cotton
Go’.)ernmer,t.
tt,e
clarity.
to
t~ar,z.portatior,
clgth
direct
raw
ahead
China.
should
the
the
moved
wortt,
or
the
UNICEF
consultant
the
the
confident
to
a model
of
China,
against
signature,
LINICEF
processing
by
in
“North
supervi%ior,
nevertheless
‘$600,000
cotton,
direct
prove
new
is
into
Borcic’s
Borders<
zome
entry
the
of
progrsmrne
that
borne
so
fCC,lJllj
had
it
Acting
adrr,inistration,
process
ar,
of
under
UNICEF
Herr,,
mothers
be
the
with
keep
UNICEF’S
and
Karl
this
cloth
including
of
would
cotton
procure
cost
UNICEF
Mission
described.
step,
Norman
nur~ing
the
a
for
for
of
The
Toods
be
s
to
exchange
expectar,t
account
description”
agreed
to
China
consulted,
such
for
about
Government
necessary
programme
drafted
presented
Nanking
experience
undertake
letter
programme,
an
staff
UNRRA’S
of
August
to
should
UNRRA
impracticability
in
also
statement
Although
Team”.
the
projected
Mission
a
side.
on
other
with
(Nationalist)
other
moving
Field
was
the
the
report
through
it
from
Before
of
China
programme,
acceptance
his
Llsf’+
carinq
finished
zr,d
But
ready
IUNICEF
in
f,]r
cot?c,
order
the
n
?O
children
fc, r
One
of
Committee
staple
This
local
cotton
-
consultant
a
difficult
locally
wo!Jld
be
that
of
dyes
established
to
Government
.
quick
UNICEF
this
Horn
part
after
and
initial
be
no
until
received,
also
could
Finally,
the
the
were
Administratively,
of
the
Mission,
China
Jerome
six
Junod,
Mr
asslgr,ment
Legal
wet-e
and
staff
exchange
to
take
up
of
of
to
finds
it
ICEF
be
was
for
had
already
borne
by
cotton
would
matter
down
the
UNICEF
cons,ultant’s
of
%30,000
been
@
the
for
cloth
to
of
the
cotton
marking,
end
would
programme
that
user.
be
recommendations
the
so
shipped
had
would
to
been
deper,d
on
hc!l,J
tr,s
handled.
with
Horn
the.,
Ralph
to
or
more
be
prou
would
to
be
of
and
the
with
Fund
sufficient
“Textile
ided
“work
assistance
Goodwin,
Counsel
expected
one
the
identified
Norman
Jscobson,
months
IUNICEF
Or
direct
future
shipments
direction
Governments
textile
question.
was
cloth
and
all
It
to
China.
the
therefore
“:
again:.t
Eut
with
were
in
China.
processing.
costs
UNICE~’s
clothing
appropriate
during
of
cotton
of
and
proposal
Advisory
third
staple
expects
considered
used
a
northern
above
Textile
“wadding”
supplies
processing
A
by-pass
Mr
not
the
short
“UNICEF
the
be
that
in
by
exchange
for
indigenous
request
to
grown
used
advised
of
made
was
for
practice
use
Another
Chins
Shanghai
to
reconcile
,,6
principles.
would
proposals
common
was
maximum
worth
in
cotton
winter
make
specific
meeting
long
the
the
to
t~,
Supply
wc,
rk
in
with
under
the
general
rtre
C)ep,~t:y
Ct, ief
the
advice
,:,f
China.”
carr,y
Clfficer>”
him,
and
Mr
Three
out
t,~
the
arid
to
of
other
CSVY:.I
C,r,
the
work
after
his
dsparture.
0
Chapter
Sefore
4
following
the
C,>mmunist-controlled
areas
with
at
we
CLAR.A
should
its.
of
of
in
a
194S”
United
getting
States
During
all
continued
the
China:
of
194S,
c~rnhir,
the
Government-operated
military
the
economy
at
an
reduce
enterprises
expenditures
and
AUgUIt
in?o
the
of
condition=.
same
c,f
the
that
swere
Aid
LiNICEF
pace.
further
and
receipts
and
lChina
●
:..;.a<.
China
accelerating
facilities
!.iNI!I:E=
ac!rr,ir,:.:.tra?i,jn
Nationalist
the
of
=;=
the
year
1543,
?hs
,AOY9.
under
::IE
rsn,jevous
uvertakinq
c,n
Aid
forces,
producti,.>e
to
the
surrounding
during
Tpar,
for
e,dents
“Economic
problems
ed
JIJlp
impinged
Communist
and
s.rnuggling
in
.
Team
Field
province
depr~ssing
deteriorate
to
Field
China
turbulent
generally
in
territory
Increased
the
assistance
to
Hehei
entitled
transportation
ir,
of
China
North
necessarily.
The
report
UNICEF
at
events
North
Shijiazhuanq
outlining
started
of
look
planning.
expressed
Act
a
These
co,~n try.
and
officials
take
The
-
from
custorn~
incurred
The
dis.l,:,
a
s.t,arp
10=.s.
,=at inn
t.a.xe~.,
du?i
as.
e?.
rt,e
,:,:
---inrr~ti..~
,ciuii
denominations;
baskets
On
to
wer-e
winning
troops
of
of
the
war,
or
China
centers
soon
port
Qingdao;
mounted
it
It
Field
even
In
go!Jerr8ment
with
to
areas
(but
the
The
North
as
K.aifer,,a,
Ne=t
Tirrre
clurin3
and
them
the
be
China
member
Shar,.do
tt, e
field
fig
pr%vic,
and
of
“in
be
taker,
a
of
chisf
L,e
North
CF,:,-,2
to
the
nztiart.sl
,Junod
Communist
of
es.
COIJU
the
Clr
case
f,~t-
lir,
the
Nanjin.~
2
problems,
that
some
that
m,~.s?
except
southwestward
into
had
c,ontr,~lle,j
,war”
the
with
IJNICEF
)3;
a medical
pro~ramme
and
radio
liaison
‘via
Her, gk. mng.
Team
and
we=
P@rr!j
ar, d Tianj
u$.
area.
area”
personnel
withdrawn
Mission
Chirla
senior
ianji”n
to :
Camrrlunizts
S would
Jinar,
agreement
ca,veat
,of
and
a~ainst
military
areas;
up
Yangtze
preoccupation
of
these
setting
the
UNICEF
witt,
in
and
Eluesser
of
establishment
supplies
the
spite
the
capital
truck
the
oc,cupie,d
Shandon
attack
by
that
Stuart
Communists
Tianjin
of
Leighton
ag.ainsr
g
all
”’
initiati,?e
of
Beijing-T
OIJerland
may
the
“B=ijing-Tianjin
of
permission
C)
the
from
entry
the
scale
economic
secure
the
full
this
]ouneyed
Shijiazhuang.
a)
a
the
and
J.
..2,:J.ii~i
th!at
iofis.
10th
north
that
bu l?.
transact
August
prt, vincial
against
from
Team
managed
the
then
was
b)
appeared
including
or
Reijir,
such
Ambassadorf
fi.3ht;
and
in
cy
S.
on
to
as
used
retaining
.Xian
such
communications;
over
of
U.
State
unable
east
be
currer,
as
S&Cret=r9
civil
to
for
side,
unwilllng
urban
t,acl
required
military
the
north
few
were
the
WrOte
which
December
in .
be ween
4
made
!up
Hanson
,
The
two
(1547)
in
rt, e
,of
twn
forrnerl::~
had
Tiar,
met
j in
IJNICEF
?e.sm
L,eople:
of
fc, r
.ar, d
Or
LEC,
IJNP.5.
A
?,-:=
tme
i n
fi
r:.!
UNICEF
t?-.auel
led
together
route
they
would
discussions
i red.
its
career
a
painted
English
the
was
10
and
marked
Chinese
Dr
then
in
,
large
The
jouney
freighter
on
new
to
the
identity,
sta?-t=d
and
now
thz
,.~~iiizis
characters
began
Tianjin’s
team
had
UNRRA
northward
for
s..xr,e
after
Nanking,
Chinese
bound
the
‘which
its
with
22
much
time,
Junod
passed
emphasize
UNICEF
a
with
Chir,.a
ever
“Personnel-carrier”
army,
initials:
of
taking
mission
UNICEF.
blue,
deck
be
a~siqnrnents)
s
again.
This
six-by-six
with
to
separate
the
Dodge
bequeathed
the
now
about
=cqu
was
(on
in
by
port
and
t-ie
sea
or,
of
.-
T.ang -
ku.
The
team
journey,
overland
Chinese
and
I
kerosene
Next
we
August
side
tend
this
occasion,
looked
General
Ho
at
undir,
~,
Emer3ency
Hawe’~er
the
at
asked
recei,.:ed
clesrance
bore
redur,
in
th~
Mir, iz. ter
both
team
Nations
3!uo-ji
The
sentries
er-tong
commander
tear,
nor
fram
t,iqher
to
gn
of
art!)
atuthor
jin-ji
tk(e
is%.
three
until
day
tt, s~
Q r,
~,,?-p,:,.$,t.z.
De fer, s.e,
L.>n,j.
satiz.fieu
:2r,
,.,~ith
s
the
Child7er,’z
ji-jin
f i rst
A
map]
ccn ei
natifin.al
further’
it
[ses
English
Inter
al,jr,.q
no-man%
were
snd
Tianjin
National
into
Cimsed.
“e~vous.
at
of
on
Chinese
United
dant:
i an ,
officers
the
had
5
guards.
“cry
●
.a.ger,,=!y ,
currency.
border.
outpost
th~
of
Calts.x
from
and
Commur,ist
[lian-he-3uo
C!ing-x
‘3Srri=on
~waved
petral
dollars.”
st
fcT
deprecist:r,.3
gallons
bank,
travelers
the
fast
ten
southward
Nationalist
gas. c,line
National
billion
fought,
of
young
which
Fund
,
and
the
if
chop
the
alist-Communi
of
the
at
two
recently
of
Caltex
dollars,
drove
Nation
the
and
billion
team
the
gasoline
cashed
suspicious
each
card
a
of
what
“At
cost
been
side,
callin3
rssc,
be
noted
of
cheque
the
gallons
prices.
over
the
Ying-chin
other
drums
to
haue
simply
two
a
hundred
Eloesser
to
14th,
to
a
gasoline
Canal
battles
the
had
the
14hen
Dr
something
morning,
Grand
buy
done
bought
time
On
the
had
for
the
to
and
dollar
Perry
By
needed
ICormur,
he
lster,
t,ui]
.
i St
hzd
tp,i~.
@
came
through
ec.torts.
Heavy
detours
its
and
were
the
rains
possible
considered
to
be
fUt
of
UNICEF
member
of
sturdy
bicycle.
the
per
North
,,7
One
as
Over
heal
th
ings,
le.?p
China
could
givsn:
the
the
rc,aGs
on
the
team
50
reached
a
to
be
too
mlUCh
the
,nutskirts
ther,
ttiat
with,
needed
day,
the
recc,mmended
provided
Arm:)
t,ul
miles
looking
team
be
?t..Ju R,ed
of
also
hut
“e.set!
.= light
bu:
the
gasoline
-
not
China;
ne.arl~.,
to
remain
which
should
,nr, e
r8>lJte
southward
l!,,
t
a
from
tvavel
Tiar,
led
tt, e
Lit,
j in
!was
era?ed
or
showed
iwas.
that
arid
nc, t
rc,,Jct,
during
Areas
1947
ha,j
~,lt
di rig
ahc, u t
a
child
t
failure
ren
thof
gf
CLA?.A
<’s.
ZUF, Pi:,.>
the
gettir,
in
Two
g
ally
which
when
t,eer,
z
were
P!arlct, ur i.=
.aut0n0rnou5
and
.
N:,rth
rea=or,
separating
wpst
better
and
arsa.
abo,l
ia.
office
theri
stan.
projects
,virt,~
I.INICEF
(.,,oul,j
is.zue.
corridor
a
which,
the
failure
Mar, chur
a
as~igned
group.
for
significant
through
separate
IJNF. P.A experiefice
fc, r
a
Manchuriz
in
or
z
informal
under
concerned
success
CLARA
of
ar,
success
controlled
warrar,
series
,
and
China
proposals
the
the
North
town,
personnel
up
children
however
on
put
reached
Eloessers
supplied
and
be
a
of
that
routes,
be
CLGRA
were,
was
in
o?
UNICEF
UNICEF
benefit
Dr
depend
would
the
and
they
where
days,
the
supply
on
China
Nationalists
North
dismal
the
club,
several
This
for
tb!e
wi tt,
bout
should
hfistel
emphas~zed
in.
recent
some
(However,
would
of
for
and
supplies
tta,zl
again
further
consumed
UNICEF
would
As
Team
North
next
proqrarnme;
IOn
suppli=~.
area,
wholeheartedly
programme
from
the
a
in
together
OPer=t
time.
headquarters
the
meet
accepted
nut
days
good
officers
amme
the
working
out
averaging
China
Japanese
formal
two
in
maintained
progr
serve
and
set
mile.
converted
the
flooded
simply
CLARA
to
had
quite
personnel-carrier
qallon
team
Shijiazhuang,
destination,
UI_ebJOrk
UNICEF
regi,:,
pr,lprsmme.
the
Fresh
t,arge~.
~ll,:,,,.je,j
IUNICEF
T?, e
ts.~n-,
i r, merr,,:r!:
lo.ade,5
r,
t,J.3~.
(,di tk,
?,:, n?,:!!...!
e
,: !:4!...,.!
n
tt, e
Grand
UNICEF
Canal
use
zi-kou;
the
In
use
its
fleet
planes
the
bombers
afternoon
and
“Liberator”
the
city
urging
near
railway
them.
This
military
untoward
advisor
‘strafe
from
ridiculous
the
ambulances
Friends
to
Service
ferry
the
Ma
Hai-teh
0Peratin3
on
the
m05t
worked
returniny
amputations,
tt, rougt,
.at
six
offer
t,j
A
the
that
tit!?
missed
area
in
single
bombed
plane
unbury
fi.~h?er
war~ifig
of
lea,ve.
of
a
In
missing
tne
.amcr,g
of
f)ir
●
target
complaint
the
>~cti,:,n
its
homes.
those
a
not
only
did
but
they
also
bombed
fr~rr,
vehicles
were
use,j
and
uNICEF
d,ying
and
wour, ded
(Geor3e
5ev?7elY
rest
in
messages
Unit
rt, e
of
Hatem)
chests!
the
morning
Dr
among
compound
afternoon
after
to
and
injured
crushed
the
an
Nationalist
illustrates
that
suppli&s
UNICEF
methodically
to
heights,
Dr
-
perishable.
ChefiS-
a
FoTce
8
Eloesser,
saved
or
considerable
time
ineffective
transport
The
frantically
elevations.r’
The
and
shops.
a
to
,t.F.a?
and
made
sections”
to
destruction
of
hauling
progress,
industrial
promised
demolished
dug
for
dropped
civilians
as
families
in
also
the
appeared
completely
shambles,
and
out
the
valuable
were
city
“wipe
would
Yang-jia-kou
Unit
trucks
most
i nstead
of
Service
several
the
the
ports
Friends
negotiations
attacked
but
of
recommended
horse-carts
the
especially
L4hile
Shandong
provide
addition,
CLARA
in.
small
would
nearby
stupplies,
of
two
CLARA
inland.
the
frc, m Tiarij
and
a
tr.40-t,
the
Ho
those
hospital
PIOU
!where
L4F1O mILIIG
Our
of
rest.
z.?’
awers
fractures.
most
.az.
etc.
the
night,
9
k,e
~ :, p,,,
‘.
The
background
prepared
by
4’Hwa
Pei”,
there
France”
a
.
years,
CLARA,
i .e.
was
statistics
noted
that
“North
of
average
Counting
mothers,
there
IJNICEF’S
3500,000
attsntion
must
were
be
4CI million
was
small
paid
to
#!dmlnlStratlVely,
Receiving
border
to
ports.
Centre”
at
receive
UNICEF
Shijiazhuang
Office
of
for
Production
large
the
all
for
,
to
the
Health
represented
a
care
be
taker,
Gf
the
%hc, uld
pre~$.3ratic,
SaCh
n
class
p.srzrr,,>urrt
,
railroad
first
that
main
not
curative
tenar,
the
two
“North
persor,r,~l
of
child
11
e,
Re.gi,:,r,.>1
s2hu:Ils,
ti-,a
Serum
and
It
r.ohm.
a
,., s<.
al~.,:,
authorities.
for
Dr
and,
the
small
Chir,a
medical
choosing
rr,edi,nir,
from
of
courses
ce
,St, ar, ditr, .3
groups
proposals
the
“SIJPF,lU
the
~nd
the
carefui
near
Vaccine
far
Sir,,ce
a
the
CLARA
pre.3r,ant
ne.e>,
Medical
of
2H
establish
the
reach
of
help.
and
central
r,r?w dep.srture
and
railroad.
Cornmissioner-,
in
in
for
easy
Eloesser’s.
would
used,
ovar
the
within
the
just
th~
CIf
population,
UNICEF
to
coming
on
Research
lay
the
recommended
larger
headquarters.
personnel
on
the
be
nur%:ng
for
re~ion
would
was
and
CLARA
supplies
lies
Institute,
Referring
●
It
Medical
hosp]tal
and
was
UNICEF”.
Institute
UNICEF
Dezhou
aid
comparison
use.
stable
Chinese
twelve
its
Operation%,
“twice
or
eligible
by
of
LNICEF
of
under
Plan
relatively
million
span
children
the
where
82
life
the
irt
Chir,a”
population
The
for
the
Qian,
North
of
cauti~r,ed
China
the
at, ove
and
?rair,ir,.~
fir
.311,
materna~
of
that
pevscfinei
in
i t
:,0
Region.
s.?
?,ealt::
gr*.3t
,
empk~a:.:zir{,~
tr~ai
?h
I..~.ss
t.k, e
t>
The~e
first
(would
course
ability
for
sent
the
be
second
out
to
b)
first
c)
midwifery.
aid
this
of
all
centre
of
and
22
districts,
and
would
preventive
s.teriliz
would
mule
cart
each
?eam.
and
of
four
have
to
or,
soon
six
,
faculty
these
would
the
pace
US*
,:ff
be
.:
of
one
the
first
●
the
a
would
or
were
“in
orJt
mule
car, ~.ide
red
of
a
in
in
ct, arge
ati,:,
WC,SJ15
and
perz.on
person
vaccir,
three
Area
work
one
nurse
with
two
the
one
co,Jrz.e
ts.~ms
of
chief>
midwife,
assistance
trainin3
increased,
teams
a
ar, imals
with
in
course.
and
and
recr,~itment
both
regions
of:
c,ti!er
Amsricar,
hasten
workers
public,
pack.
or
to
as
central
cook
of
rnakirig
Hemingway,
consist
one
Briti%h
These
ar, d
teaching
include:
to
asked
trained
the
tte
and
midwifery
as
medicine
ati
also
was
five
.f’lr
senior
acceleratir,g
injuries;
of
the
the
the
better
objection
for
to
education
supplies,
no
Isabel
as
:37
showing
would
of
and
begin
I:t,in.s
diseases;
euen
Gait
would
first
to
curriculum
was
gr.aduates.,
the
thus
LINICEF
completed,
healtt,
centre
there
school
under
and
treatment
Mission,
work
eventually
charge
courses;
.The
Edth
Bc,ard
assigned
instructors
personnel,
of
district
of
Indeed,
Field
be
as
and
teaching
been
on
:~
Traine=s
months.
sub-stations
t’ime,
particular
3
mi.dtile
and’communicable
missionaries.
had
kept
project.
sanitation
%nericsr,
about
training
a)
forei,3n
trainees,
series
traininy
At
20
lasting
would
the
tee
l_lNICEF
n ,“
,ch,.~r,~e
to?
The
-dri,.:er?.
enc,, qt,
l?~,e
fl:It-
therefore,
into
..
that
the
propc,s.ed
new
plant
could
production.
Supply
lists
were
to
attached
this
very
Operations.
The
letters
Shijiazt,uanq
between
Aqrsemen
IUNICEF
and
was
t
made
The
CLARA.
up
UNICEF
letter
incl,~ded
six
points:
1>
the
programme
was
discrimination
and
2)
the
because
supplies
UNICEF
All
suppli~s
of
UNICEF
of
end-user”;
4)
Expenses
5)
Radio
6)
UNICEF
local
lisi%or,
of
CLAR,A,S
lstter
progr.arn.”
FatJr
pointz.
providing
the
ro
he
by
prnpert!~
supervision
and
or
received
by
cor$tro,.>ei=
s.ial>
?b:e
CLARA;
maintained:
freedom
the
the
mast
met
,
%.ervices;
r~mair,
the
be
,>e~b~tir<r
se?
~Jill
b,ave
~r,d
ir,
“NF
were
should
Area
ior,
to
%nd
adding,
Headquarters
Libe~-.ated
supplies,
Cl-AP.A’s
consumed
became
have
purpose;
shall
under
Kong
would
other
and
until
Hong
Yepeatzd
agreement
,,~hich
any
trsiief”
to
superviz.e
prograrrrr,e
would
ha,ve
“f:~li
publicity”.
re.=ffirm,ed
IJNICEF
utilized
“l*,itt,,ou?
politicsl
by
UNICEF
later
with
of
for
“matched”
currency
personnel
freedom
.alloc.st
b~
clause
in
distribution
by
personnel
[this
used
or
transportation
shall
IUNICEF
mothe?+s.
creeed
be
be
imported
“and
control
●
would
and
race,
not
warehousing,
3)
Areas
childrsn
of
would
supplies
personnel,
1)
for
its
,will
.adde,i
up
an
direct
Far
the
especially
f<, r
office
car, forrrbit,,>,,>ltt,
pointz.
appru,.,
cans
z
the
lChina
Desk,
with
and
recei,.>e
policy
e
ior,
cor,nection
r,tc,
.~nd
idt?r.ar
“ir,
E~sr.e~n
,m:,r,tir,,,e
six
6?
cf
the
metii,2sl
b,v
ILINI::ZF:
Liber.=:e,j
UNICE.r
tb, a?
tk, e
ict::r,
~
.3 fair
and
re~l:fr,.=t,l=
r,,:, r,-di:.l
zyirrjir:ti
,:,T,,
lLINICE,F
2)
Pr>ject.
3)
UNICEF
pe>-%c, r,nel
personnel
governments
4)
and
Difficulties
military
!.4ith
the
on
the
time,
the
it
millet,
were
the
ar,d
sweet
because
of
flooded
to
meet
UNICEF
and
Field
forwarded
be
!went
the
potatoes.
six
this
roads
Office
messages
and
Dr
Junoc!
where
to
by
work
tha
a
ths
to
two-day
in
mutual
derci,~cratiz
problems.
health
China
peanuts,
avera~e
30
border
Beijinq
at
he
reported
on
tt,e
New
York
Headquarters.
a
pers~nfiel
nth~r
very
g,~oj:
dates,
the
pears.,
dc,c,umentz.
miles
a
t.:
day
He
battle)..
the
.:
,co,~r,?r!,}s.i?e:
looked
with
m?
consultation.
started.
craps
.“
people.
satisf.act:or,
with
returned
time
the
local
North
soy-beans,
Hanson
da!ys
with
In
cotton,
the
Courses
and
of
everyone’s
to
Z:FJ
communication%
Training
harvest
laws
of
solved
to
China
acc~pt=bl=
the
of
concluded
of
corn,
by
customs
encouraging.
beginning
(taking
on
would
getting
also
Tianjin
went
because
immediately
sorghum,
sesame
arising
thus
.nlutually
abide
the
talks
c,f
be
respect
at ions
details
,~az
would
sit#J
Eloesser
prospects
,L.JOUld
in
then
newly-,>per,ed
outcome
of
tt,e
trip
●
.-
\-]tlerl
Dr
Junod
China,
D?’ Eloesser
babies
and
less.
questioned
in
then.
=urgsry
had
that
only
he
for
izland
ion
stole
.
had
fir,
tt, is
problems
F,u~aau
which
WC,
rk.,ers
have
the
from
to
Training
be
went
Li
bicycled
a
ahead
with
to
by
!year=
site
for
the
es.:
the
train
st.a ff
ar, ,j
l..,ith
simi
the
Anti
pi=, t
Trap
two-t hi~ds
The
la?-
students.
:t
a
of
tl-:e
Cmnpla:nir,,s.
,~here
ir, g
bIJt
them.”-
river
r=st.
.!
necessary
of
,
th=
were
,,,iliaser~.
scho,:rl,
about
100-member
facrultv
rhe
nearb!y
tt, e
thorscic
help
whose
earl:er
Bure=u
that
courses”,
Head
occupied
de~cribes.
t,y
the
impnrtan.c=
enthusiam
for
g,
.
might
wounded
emi ~
good
Eloesser
caurs
Yenan
h.a~
great
Chin=sa
tr.aininq
station
~nti-=pid
.
abc’ut
h?
any
of
in
Chih-chur,
and!
of
bi~r-ttr
little
eavlier,
welfare
seen
in
“krrsh,
me.
preparations
they
met
to
left
Dr
faced
Dr
had
with
be
E~>er,
.
UNICEF
he
was
the
air-raids
reclaimed
would
tc, -da;,,
(w:muld
with
for
that
LNICEF-aided
agricultural
ar, d
clear
apparent
he
time
been
work
speciality
I
first
Together
comp Ound
do
to
rhern”
was
that
chiefly
built.
tt, at
to
continuing
worked
Bureau
the
it
own
it
like
him
feedin3
Shijiazhuang,
that
~t rent
made
his
little
at
planning
had
‘°For
teaching
So
asked
about
whether
China
had
twc
t,:,
of
.= s.z+r, d;.,
m,lrla~~=y,,,
,:cf
t?, e
.a.~rEe,5
,3.s,:.2-
~nti-~pidemiz
t F:c,~.e
the
~,
-EL, id.sm:z
T?, e
s.cfmc,l.
the
f:r.=.
!,..4
h, I ,::.,
il~.alrr,
LINICEF
girls
hauled
worked
hay
and
bellows;
goad,
but
they
with
and
from
things
provision
also,
for
they
shovelled
from
the
learned
,Obstacles.
so
that
elemental
Light,
that
could
thermometers,
we
be
ar!d
ux-
handle
take
.
.
their
water.
made
syringes,
nd
overcorn=.
heat,
not
fu=l
plough
to
test-tubes.
ghranted.
equipment
watches,
fresh
~1
China
horses,
came
patier,ce
thermometers
were
curried
in
at
fuei
home
and
,ch em i ,Z.a 1 .=.,
microscopes.,
stains.
Light
came
yellow
here
kerosene
hour
and
had
to
cracked;
The
would
boys
lamp
burnt
a
the
side
on
of
of
were
them
like
padded
clothing,
not
miles
it
like
had
after
wick
The
those
pith
half
wretched
irreplaceable.
until
chimney.
.
depicted
on
coming
out
an
i=mp=
almost
paper
a
too
wasn’t
that
tt, e
purple
feet
scarce.
away
and
fin.elly
the
elss,,.!t,
.
Greek
of
a
wa=
of
cams
ere
va~.e=.,
$puut
by
brought
or,
er!ough
to
sleeping
qtlarters,
the
Dakotas;
in
boys
~nd
ar,kles.
girls
.
.
fnrn
5
miles.
heat
.
spite
!h!t,,2 ,.]orkea
chilblairfed
rail
some
and
%,oll?n,
znd
It
plsntiful
Lahoratorie:.
was
the
d.ark-
bowl.
40
Winter
lamps?
scarce,
with
or
kerosene
off.
without
was
but
buildin3s7
fr,>st-bitten
they
cotton
a
some
carts,
buildings
scraped
mend
Coal
mine
be
served,
wick
from
encrusted
smokily
oil-lamps
with
there
that
chimneys
a
and
P,ar,d:.
.
c,f
cc,tt,:,rf-
ir,
sr,j
s?fir,e
.-
.
Paper
and
free
water,
Young
work
no
.
gas,
a
kiho
laboratory
tin-can
is
a
treasure;
sy~lnge
or
a
needle
where
paper
is
brawn
straw
paper
wrap
of
make
is
be
discarded
so
be
az
read
has
3
delivering
th.=t
such
as
in;
used
to
prutein-
,would
E%
electricir:,~,
evsry
empty
bottle
break
is
keep
a
and
is
or
.s
catastl-ophe:
!,~fiur
rr:,tes
on
k’utcher
thst
mar,
carefully
left
?c3
,o?
.3 t%rmome?ey
everything
use
i t
no
grandmother’~
thriftily
any
how
light,
you
your
where
a%
s.,
test-tube
scarce
long
no
where
OF
thi
where
water;
chops
to
may
that
running
to
worked,
I
.
uhire-co.ats
in
It
model.
no
used
●
tin-can
in
ar, d
it?
can
not
,~se
:,:
a
solemn,
turn
The
long,
vaccine
of
to
Nationalist
and
their
tools.
could
carts
and
and
calves
on
moved
finished
at
9:30
you
and
left.
out
for
horseback
arrive
and
occupy
,
The
the
women
leaving
and
behind
study
,with
ma=.:. ing
the
news
,
st,jderrts
and
of
r,crt,h
worhmen
packed
Ey
scaffolding
tt,e
the
TtIe
boys
ter%
~.gmer,,
rp,.at
to
west.
children
the
and
Shijiazhuang!
to
carper,
and
troops
and
feet
srnall-~ox
and
men
the
“90
of
plans
young
faculty
hills
and
Masons
17
in
wide
production
IJp
-
was
feet
all
?,~ot,
men,
the
in
cwz.
snd
half-
school.
After
village
several
of
Eloesser
Lianq
next
day,
been
planning
Bu t
(Cold
at
and
on
a
be
the
there
nearly
delayed
fordin.~
for
school
the
soon
another
defeated
and
F,rc, <.pect
offered
of
would
temples
~lass-rocms
days
He
decided
Converted
had
set
off
and
half.
drew
T~o-yi
attack
1S
the
other
bicycled
Fu
to
the
to
messenger
planning
packed
they
began
he
for
fac,ulty
Commander,
was
to
used
in
small
St,~dmts
a
be’
held
The
suddSnlY
indoctrination.
was
would
classes
-+.eclJle5.
SC, . .
Then,
building
which
work.
Marxist
. .
. .
school
Snd
,went
in.
new
half
fiery
2
had
chilly
fli~ht,
Creek),
which
a
perfect
entranc~
would
be
empty
stoma,=k,
at
pulled
o,Jt
by
Cold
the
space
=.wuller,
this
rnes%age
new
Shijiaz
Cr?ek
group
also
reached
the
irrepressible
for
tk, e
would
for
because
stre.m,
cme:
of
the
location
village
a
the
Leo
school.
ser,~e
a
&tell
a~
The
lat,orator!,l,
the
provi~ion
EIQe=,~.ar
,cartz.
,,~~~ t
.ak,~~ ?
site.
Gw, eral
Fu
F,uar, ,3.
Temples
F,ad
Tso-yi
So
to
the
k,e
had
t,eer,
10’.>F1Y
gi,.~er,
up
.s,-,2
●
‘.
“opened
with
great
speeches,
,,3
This
feast,
TtIe
!ummen
class
was
ranging
interrupted
neuer
learned
view,
it
to
the
ir,
up
were
of
a
ci,~il
a
scrolls
strange
to
mixture
disappointed
r,e[,~ approach
onl!~
six
to
a
ms+afi,<
courze~
.*,.=*5
farm,-wive=,
In
stud=
train
and
young
acad~mic
dial.
medical
this
of
illiterate
blood-pressure
banners
st,ldenrs,
whose
war
and
twenty
students
the
read
of
there
medical
by
was
misfits
time
mscle
from
been
presentation
nts.
Dr
who
ir, ,3 hwsltk,
who
Eloes.
!wer’e
ser’s
the
!worker%
fo?
t?, e
villages.
After
field
for
a
weeks
fortnight
lessons
learned
tiorking
into
in
at
the
the
of
small
find
against
constrlJct
latrines;
undertake
health
education
problems
taught
much.
school
and
many
teams
returned
to
discussion,
I
traifiir,
~
learnt
too,
detailed
this
had
flr
St
was
keen
that
.sn,j
a
able
to
what
or
be
could
of
public.
They
As
end
Eloesser
presented
to
da
Dr
see
for
our’
of
that
hack
did
it
shnrt
“blhen
G k!eek.s
.~r,,j
shoa~~d
be
more
explicit,
JanlJ.ar:~
‘1745!.
on
ar,d
the
for
boys.
went
sr,,~
well,
of
ts.
-
.ar, u
graup
st,~dsr,
?C, V
do’?
midwives;
reports
the
?,he
villages.
~aid,
thei~
what
so
actually
clean
assist
the
to
four
they
help
took
brought
survey;
preparation
4
timed .,,
The
the
,=ould
typhoid,
future
by
two
class
health
astonished
hette~
course
and
take
of
level
curriculum.
smallpox
the
groups
uillage
Vaccinate
the
preparation,
?G
c,?
.qi TL=, ;
rcnroplete
;
rn,:,re
IJN1 ICEF
found
that
already
three
three
and
several
t
from
first
arrived,
Although
nex
the
for
liaison
officer
and
carried
In
the
other
first
of
to
messenger
which
Ministry
of
in
retained
Foreign
off
to
on
bicycle
copies
to
sent
the
Affair=,
fi~st
the
the
from
Ministry
it
5r
picked
Eic,es:.er.
in
Ertibass:v
three
of
was.
Shijiazhuan,s
Britizh
other
%cial
CLARA
where
to
th=
n-,ezs. a.:ez.
of
the
donkey
the
Og=r
Ministry
to
. .
repi.y.
UNICEF
Shijiazhuang
or
had
cOmpleted
Hongkong
received
and
Shijiazhuang
cumbersome:
to
45
ichi na
the
were
to
it
four
one
send
submitted
messages
mailed
from
was
mailed
radioed
direC?lOri,
t-,er_e
to
sent
messages
be
then
who
by
Nanking
able
procedure
approval,
up
Honqkong
the
had
Affairs
was
exchanges
m,nn ths,
Nanking
he
messages
i n
Social
t,>
in
the
Affair=.
afiti
to
LINICEF.5
Mi th
events
felicitous
about
recourse
reports
lJnit
moving
manner
the
work
but
wers
,volunteers
of
of
to
sent
the
so
swiftly
keeping
in
North
China
trust
out
tra,.~ellir,g
them
in
to
this
in
touch.
AS
this
for
Dr
All
traveller.
manner
the
usuall!j
lines.
was
not
progress.
“Team”,
Field
some
acrosz.
China,
by
Friends.
rrmzt
report:.
Eloesser
of
?t:e
his
had
~=rly
Servi,ze
no
●
I.!N!CEF
.. .
New
There
York.
5y
then,
the
UNICEF
supplies
1949.
But
to
one
also
the
small
second
list
was
Chins”
arri,.~=d
s,upplies
been
on
at
its
as
had
that
whole
CC,UYSP
and
Tianjin
shipped
ports
‘$500,000.
way,
in
Shantung
46
IChi R3
valued
shipment
“North
had
the
a
initial
for
why
of
came
ia
the
on
first
29
to ’Ti.anjir,?
been
Plarch
Nhy
proposed
.zi::<
not
mor!?h=
earlier?
The
moved
of
banks
UNICEF
advance
as
August
smaller
and
of
l@ngetNation
permi
Sh,ij
?,elp
a
permits
to
wai
ring
t
z.<, she
i azh~.sn~,
,:,per,
[t,*
Shz
07,,.,.3s
?.e,?c(r,j
for
with
co,Jld
area.
fo~
the
in
jgir,
Janu.ar,y
t,auir,
s
?,-.sir,
Or
,
she
ir, q
?,3
to
the
For
c,f
vict,>ries
of
q
the
t,be
c.spit.sl.
us. a
uf
I.~as.
no,,..! :c, t.ally
China
:.,uppi:a~.
Field
securing
health
worker<.
tr.3inir(~
Tianjir,
fc, v
bJas
t,er
sn, j
the
tt, e
tk,z
~f:~r,s,
tr.31rl
o,:,
Iklt,
Naticni:~t
%,zt,o,:,l
.automatic.all
y
f..)a!,, .sl<>wl>,,
Te~(;,
of
Edi?b,
er
th:z
IJNICEF
example,
t.3k. e
,::., J:-=F
cart
,’
official=
inq
North,
EIoe%s.
cc, r(m5ke
r, 0,.1 able
provincial
recei,.,
surprise.
=udden.
decisive
makir,
><,uzk,c:
establishin~
the
the
the
toe,
capture
by
regard
p.srienti!]
Ir,
inste.sd
for
d
was
the
about
tm,
ir, structor
been
Jinsn,
inlar,
enre~
?he
and
ports
by
extent
after
discussions
problem
“liberated”
.ar, cl
of
sides
C.LARA
geographical
even
forwarding
the
=.c
“Peiping”
for
about
:,ad
ffirce%
battle
that
~f
i,.iar
and
both
victory
Shandung
per’sc,?nel,
nurse-midwife
lra,.uel
area,
us.
presented
trzd
none
Shzmdong
And
cc!ur%s
Chir,a,
and
September
la b~rio
sli=t
discussions
in
!Ae:xian
on
the
not
civil
Communist
the
many
the
soon,
inconvenient
irrelevant.
Tiartjir,
so
forcez.
and
their
the
North
the
after
“G
of
the
Shandong,
as
anticipate
coming
city
again
uf
of
of
caught
all
to
advance
capital
to’it
in
Communist
importsnt
The
Yan~zi
office
seemed
the
the
during
present
of
southward
refers
Certainly,
the
the
and
of
Chesneaux
rapid
Jinan,
“Tientsin”,
the
the
The
capture
and
Jean
6
was
dramatically.
their
to
reason
!..1i ~ ;-:
,.,.dir.hi J-I the
tc,
?,:, Beljim;
~n~
lr,
The
fel’t
repercussions
in
of
the
Shijiazhuang
in
early
Hes.lth
Commissioner
and
Head
to
Health
the
would
Li
soon
140rkers
be
Chih-chung,
at
the
communicable
was.
but
left
depleted
9s.
Dr
see
it
by
the
loss
the
was
programmed
under
Dr
think
of
work
more
Ssu
of
the
effectual
and
&fter
f,,rther
ernphasizin9
news and
greatly
enlarged
proposal.
the
“top
to
with
carefully
people
the
ur, dertak.
taught
Ssu
the
planning
and
later
difficulties
went
Dr
EIoe=sPr
about
health
trainin.3
of
D?’
?C
more
on
1?45!,
z’t.s$f
needed:
we
Of
he
mo,.le,d
January
was
get
b~
ir,
tt,oroughly
will
t,oth
se?i,lus.l;~
close
Dr
.:
taught
faculty
7
a
anti
in3,
who
completed.
men”.
drawing
careful
the
would
small
Government
need
who
Chief
8eijir@
would
13ureau
be
the
returfied
That
Government
=h,nuld
two
was
that
announce
itself
SSu,
Service
Shih-chieh
school
the
quite
TO
Liu
correspondence
replied
something
Dr
Or
Medical
anti-Epedemic
with
new
Army
new
course
course
in
the
The
through
first
the
1948.
of
Centre
and
present
to
Eloesser
them,
school
the
of
the
diseases.
Beijing,
December
that
of
4?
accelerated
Training
stid
Chief
sanitation
8
taken
lCt, ir, .3
“if
can
help
from
beqinnir,g
to
ou’?line
f:?,we
make
,:out’
us..”
thl:.
his.
-. -
health
Thus,
care.
college,
nursing
need
Or
Ss.u
to
“train
ShOT ?
~
or
a
big
so
as
during
pf
so
to
age
the
send
healtt,
et-s
on.
”
ar, c!
the=e
ahead
!F,e
.3
Ther*
of
task
medical
t~i t;-, i~-,
practically.”
trainir,g
to
pr>blem
work
Three-fourths
the
them
later
health,
people
China.
1950,
of
uiil
the
need
pharmacology
size
serve
in
“no
learn
the
number
to
be
to
stressed
(counties)
“liberat&d”
may
school
again
period
2,009
there
.ar=
f.~,~:~id
was
WZI=t
tie
ar!,d
g
immediate.
In
a
separate
Administr.etion
graduates
for
the
in
of
be
improvement
has
prover,
can
he
therefore
the
trained
newly
class.
t
good
made
to
field
,?ernember
,
work
and
the
the
we
be
for
what
the
keep
up
,ne.%t
an
workers
main
car,
work
get
is
our
in
tt, e
batch
the
of
frorf,
train
ee<. .
c,f
Final
fr,~m
it.
th=
Tr,:s
s.c:lL
i:
in
zc
connection”
teachers
in
wc, rk
trainin3
prevention.
experience
grest
is
?r,e
s.ui?at:is
doctors..
itself
out
“intimate
ar, d
as
find
bad
was.
!L~a= so
act
training
[O
zbc,ut
laarned
need
to
H==i?h
ir,s.tructionz.
had
medical
the
Government
gave
they
important
and
the
tempted
Sirice
is
Ssu
what
might
it
of
Dr
but
against.
important
impurrar,
work,
beginninq,
what
doctors
course:
workers
guarded
very
field
first
health
these
to
Shijiazhuang,
the
village
villages
must
letter
the
thzt
It
i:.
C,e?h!eer,
tt:s
traic:r,.~
l:.,,
“It
,, i !3
i=.
.sr:
“may
have
been
education
a
and
first
,contributory
medical
service.
step
11
1
.“
toward
reform
of
meuicai
.“
wark.
in~
relation,
Government
ship
that
Shijiazhuang
Dr
with
Headquarters.
Beijing
Or
Eloesser
government
on
charcoal-burni
ng
two-day
journey
Fzi
Field
Medical
a
College.”
for
earlier
to
be
with
cold
to
Office”
-fizld
from
UNICEF
arrangements
no
longer
ar, d
the
UNICEF
had
changed.
morning,
housed
with
and
to
in
a
#r
matter
first
”
building
~ppii=?i;
Ckera.
that
12
bozrded
and
been
of
t,~
settled
Eloesser
had
r,ei,.~
in
inkling
passengers
what
?tle
monzstery
to
my
~eijing
in
transmission
was
loaded
leaders
the
“This
winter
truck
ealtt,
consulted
perplexed:
relations
Early
ping
the
I-,
pedalied
messages
haue
was
the
Eloesser
Eut
would
with
the
the
.S
luggage
for
“UNICEF
‘lP=kir,.3
lUr,icr,
.=
IJNICEF
.
!.
.
ir,
s Ij
I;hi,-,.a
.
Soon
Field
after
Offices
furthe~
talks
the
certainly
loss
all
the
diplomatic
was
wi thdrawn
the
at
exception
cari~,
UNICEF
I.INICEF
Field
care
carr!,,
Field
tt, e
of
IJNICEF)
on
as
lnng
Eeij
States
Nations
also
as.
ifig,
left.
i r,
possible,
that
the
that
not
the
be
the
=li,we,i
tt,at
the
fall
the
familie<.
of
psrscnnel
I?
Shanghai
afii
clnly
c,f
in
mos.:
decide,j
and
E1.zi
and
of
Gr~:-@
Wnjir,g
,.was
lea<,e,
!?,F
Nanjin~.
fAd,.>isor ~,,
Military
ZF,a,,ld
r,,
Govsrr,ment,
mear!t
Har, kou ,
~in~da,j
Tianji
f:’?-
abo,t
,would
Jinan
including
Rspr=sentati’.}e
ILW:C:Z7
realization
stunr!ed
prever,t”
lJn ited
ir,
found
tks
kionyk.on3
tsti;ve
the
for
Llnited
to
cc,
’(Yangzi).
had
could
of
in
Junod
rivsr
:?::3s
then
forces
t,attle
The
his.
with
the
the
P.epyeserctati,.je
centres
P.epre?.er,
leavir,g,
corps.
All
Liaison
.Dr
Xuzhou
began
,
arid
Manchuria
ir,
at
nationals
Qingtiao
Communist
of
defeat
armie=
Foreigr,
f~,>r~
preoccupied
halted
of
Nanjing
Shijiazhuang,
was
not
Nationalist
sho!Jld
CLARA
advar,ciny
unexpected
ild
the
with
of
The
tct,
and
capital
momentum
(with
Beijing
with
Nationalist
the
to
in
communications
and
returnin~
z
bIJt
th.st
C!on
i!c,!:.;~s,
tl-(.at
!.isnj:n~
?:-,=
Just
a
new
as
health
I-INICEF
progr
for
China
difference.
Early
European
so
developed
and
countries
rsceiving
where
Once
far
East
about
be
fraction
of
194S,
UNICEF
36,500,000
their
For
example,
as
the
a
China
mount
had
the
there
control..
the
The
Nar, king
ir,
cot?
China,
a
on,
and
pr’33ramrr,P
the
of
L-
the
country
such
a<.
prcgrammes.’$
and
and
in
expectant
in
China
in
Asia,
Europe,
and
Europe
meal.’:
before
rn<tt,ers
the
some
4
“.s
Fsr
six
Child
e~’er,
z
zmzl;
late
3<.
reached.
an
afid
Governmen?
F,ad
strengthen
Europe
interrupted
mill
beer,
As
imbzlance.
only
proposed
%1/2
bas.ad
s.hail
pro3rammes
reached
alsc
aid
not
measures
ws.lfar~
children
Government
of
a
supplemental
been
Nationalist
worth
in
operations
were
China.
than
programmed
betweer,
daily
was
and
child
feeding
be
in
if if
irrelevant.
million
UNICEF
in
and
the
often
. .
future
(up
that
more
SC,r
there,
UNICEF’S
and
welfare
,,2
, .
~ut
UNICEF-aided
planr,in.g
pointed
utilize
disparity
could
at
“Emergency
was
70
of
look.
were
health
the
were
circumstances
Europe
to
child
received
China,
Qctf3ber
differed:
of
peak
that
Within
Nortt,
note
the
operations
UNICEF
principle
percentage”
feeding
On
we
by
children
rfillll
a
5%
million
under
such
helped
smaller
3
‘“fit
,
in
child
North
discussion
assistance,
more,
Altt,ough
The
for
and
the
another
administered
“permanent
in
changed
situation
health
exist,
the
1
conditions.
child
not
the
Ssu
taking
principles
permanent
China
unde,r
a whole.
between
on
and
W=S
.ss
guiding
might
amme
Headquarters
anY)
did
Eloesser
was
requestir,g
$500,000
prograrf,mes
ask. sd
ifir,
fur
dwelo.
fc, r
for
$4
r,ed ical
osd
for
for
fram
areas
the
two
millin’n
~.ides
in
s.uppliez,
train
r,ot
ir, g
fc, ud,
,
I r,
ltic.~1
=.2
b
trainees
in
It
the
is
curious
assumption
that
-
for
at
ieast
Fund,
China
the
return
tiaz.
n~t
should
be
would
provide
eradicate
would
did,
in
CIffice
sandfly
provide
There
were
mass
health
WHO .
And
indigenous
sO!/be.an5.
LINICEF
veneral
FAO
in
supply
This
He.adqu.~rters
milk
based
for
an
Medical
maircLzr,5
one
India
in
serum
and
the
Sc, utt:.
attempt
the
North
China.]
,...jr,i, z-
tc
Friends
Servics
[ IJNI CEF
UNICEF
uaccirre
E.angk.,:, !.
product ic,
n;
.s
a,3ainst
trachorn.a,
the
de,., elopmer,
substitute,
suggestion
Gd./is or,
ar,
through
and
Heal::
supplies.
projects
r~commended
milk
Chi M
in
The
and
~=l:~f
prc, gr. smrfl?
and
the
aft.=!
emer.3efi,z:,J
Gnti-K.al.azar
malaria
a
HeadquartsY=.
of
and
UNICEF
aid
or
at
areas.
amme:
on
the
“Emerg,enc:y”
that
children
disease,
of
~a=
Nortt,
from
to
China
the
and
14a%hingtor!
on
temporzry
Institute=
infected
progr
the
divided
concluded
efforts
proposals.
education
in
infected
anti-kalazar
also
tuberculosis,
help
stibinol
of
be
then
two
in
personnel
buy
the
Junod
from
UNICEF,
continued.
Rather,
for
to
fut,Jre
one
drugs
fact,
for
go.
included
the
IJnit
to
from
persistence
the
sides
DY
established,
proposals
of
both
China,
the
aid
continue’
LINICEF’S
U5Y
Other
note
would
for
from
the
to
%500,000
duration
discussin~
his
with
now
Planning
In
●
villages
from
by
Or
P Z
jointly
t
‘of
,:+i:m
an
qc,at=.
.an,j
F.ir!.q,
thef
“This
UP .
to
spend
is
a
One
not
little
of
if
example,
the
at
China
if
early
even
while
at
exodus
UNICEF
office
turned
the
Xuzhou
from
in
Red
outskirts
of
field
of
to
of
rapidly
were
demolished
clearly
,wsrrant
UNICEF’S
history,
.a!ur,fire
city
by
window
be
The
been
that
entered.
can
it.
IJNICEF
on
Nationalist
end
heard.
,.-le
its
and
going
DTummOnd
so
way
part
health
the
a
bs
of
On. Christmas
could
had
devote
China.
Helen
the
can
were
accelerated.
the
is.
is
therefore,
child
in
called
it
“has.ic
conditions
prepar=d
moue
toward
Army
the
discussions
Nanjing
telephone
approaching
is
53
fast;
certain
stage
financing
Nanjing
modify
presenr
these
to
mone},
“Unquestionably,
UNICEF
continued
the
this
internal
lot
of
Ckifi.a
characteristics
t~
in
ur, der
to
on
later,
in
resources
,, G
defenders
or
a
in
endeariny
statement:
only
the
mere
following
eff.sctive
events
well.”
spend
5
circumstances
even
.ass. is. tance
But
to
money
sc,c,ner
principles”
find
way
UNICEF’S
willingness,
For
a
IUNICEF
Decerr,beF,
eve
in
rhe
Beijin.3
sound
Yenchin.5
7
ar:5
when
the
zhe
O?
tf, e
lUni’.>e?~.:?
;,:
In
.
. .
the
January
also,
presidency
General
of
Yen
Child
run
by
Care
local
Nanjing.
of
thrc,
personnel
centrss,
supervision
ughout
Field
the
crisis.
and
8
,visitin3
of
[There
in
Andersen
before
leaving
China;
then
to
~lNICEF
Training
w,ho
Course
remained
Y.
Chen
of
the
who
who
the
at
N?njing
had
worked
Earle
“LOCS1
:r!
>er
b.ssi:.
F,JLIY
lJMICSF
the
Shanghai
!year:
for
a
the
Health
the
worker:.
CORSO
peri,>d;
establish
,.:olur,tser,
an,j
beginninq
with
the
,..!kile
$,.)F,82
pediatrician
takeover
to
,daiiy
during
to
Kear,e
Committee”
,,~ere
cor,tir,~le5
a
Nanjing
the
the!,)
Sield
of
Geraldine
from
luNlCEF-
.as
afid
.3 ?otal
of
closely
The
and
,wt, c,m r,emsined
McPhail,
the
rush
on
“fa&lty”
during
of
of
transferred’
Dr
Tungchow;
ir,
Nanjin~
was
s
remained
in
resignsd
Presic!ent
IUNIGEF
,,~ere
Shek
Acting
opened
centres
succession
Euslyr,
trartferred
volunteer
also
K.ai
Nanjing.
all
Zealand
first,
was
of
volunteers
the
off
remained
,
NekJ
Representatives
set
out
howe’~sr
Kean,
from
Tsung-jen
This
non-government
Representative
Li
Premier.
Geraldine
work.
n“aming
Government
Chian3
“Gene rali=simo”
China,
Hsi-shan~
Nationalist
aided
the
fin.ali:<
Sun
Y..,
Tel.i.ar,~
child-,:.ars
pr03ramme.]
The
several
hectic
tt, ere
had
centres
and
the
to
Cott*n
Natinr,alist
deal
also
llinistr~,
feeding
the
capital
months,
to
b!ut
chil,d
L,>~t
Nationalist
Simon
r,ot
onl:y
,wir. t,
of
the
tt, e
centres
All
Cspital
with
this
a
Mini
The
the
cities
!week. s
mair,land,
Cantor,
Fiel,5
,c,f
st r:,,
to
before
rwaq
the
of
!Jp
prc, ceed
Car,r,~r,
abar,dor,~j.
fc,r
,chii,d-c.a
S,oci.al
war,
?c, make
eager
ar,d
R.epreser,tati!!e
Go,., evr,mer,t
,,.J3s also
few
to
c,peratians
additional
I t
moved
UNICEF’S
the
lr, teri~r,
in
or,
Polak,
transpl.snte,d
Comrr,unistz.
project.
k!as
~ff.a:r~
?ed to
f,:, r
,:,pen
tk,c,~e
1,.!i th
t,~o,
>7
The
>-e
t!ne
rk, e
i.a=?
I;]
response
of
14ith
the
the
northern
bitiO
Joinr
take
Headquarters
Nationalists
banks
-
an
the
on
proposals
for
T?aininq
at
the
2)
Yangzi
diplomatic
and
across
Policy
in
Prograrnme.
of
those
discussed
national
local
P.ed
“~~o” .
poised
,or:
Nanjin
S,
the
Geneva
in
mid-+pr
at
were
UNICEF
health
seven
firm
Army
There
child
level,
the
met
China
for
but
from
the
Centres
thirty-five
a
Canton
Health
elaboration
Ij
was
in
of
Committee
up
these
UNICEF
arid
regional
lUNICEF
ii
f i,.~e
ir,
?,:,
c,f
Janu.=r’,’:
,~elfare
-
centres
,c$r,p
ar, ,j
ones;
Tuberculosis.
control,
three
mllllon
tuberculin
?ss. ?:.,
@
ECG
vaccination
3)
Kdla-azar
two
million
miles;
4)
control
5)
member
NHO
Represer,
of
60 V+rnmsnt
the
Mm
Of
Chi r,.a”
mo~.,ed
had
p romot
ion,
Joint
Committee,
should
ur, c,pposed
China
the
the
into
centres
sand–fly
a
half
asked
find
tr=at
control
cowering
goats
to
to
250,000
over
an
of
?I,.JO m:ilion
ar e.=
:wi?h
.3
tt,.a?
“ t?,.+
million;
and
soya.
Dr
Stamper,
to
get
irf
out
hom
propos.
touch
far
%d
l~ith
it
tI”I@
a~~,r.,,,ed
.,
I,?
11
later,
crossed
and
be
Northern
”
five
demonstration
two
made.
da!ys
and
of
tztiw
propo%als
Ter,
the
surveys;
-
cases,
square
Fly
X-ray
control
population
One
and
forces
broad,
the
of
then
erstwhile
“ the
Gouerr,
br i dqeless
Nationalist
rr,en t
c,f
Nor
tk, e,-r,
“Yangz
i ,
ar, d
capi
tal
.
t,.ad
The
IWICEF
Nat:on~list
and
air
caves,
child
remained
feeding
bJeYe
Chief
the
of
Junod’s
many
15th
of
May,
in
Shanghai
Mission
for
States.
later
,
T-s
The
reported
that
John
Field
the
man
during
Army
a
ditches
~lNICZF-aide,d
hit
and
fifteen
who
had
served
the
in
four
January,
entered
c,hildren
and
took
feedin~
Actin~
after
left
Dr
for
Shanqhai
there,
child
.as
months
also
R@presentatiue
UNICEF-aided
in
12
Merry
York
cover
tragically,
direct
woundsd,
New
Red
UNICEF
a
more
taking
staff,
But,
received
with
departure
IJr,i ted
UNICEF
unscathed.
centre
killed
on
~tta~ks.
the
?sn
William
,3=::=.
~e~~e=.,
centres
mere
still
feedinq
centres.
irt
operation.
The
able
reason
to
keep
t3k~0,Jer
battle
going
in
factors,
all
its
not
greatly
da!y
management
leaving
Cenrr.al
most
in
none
Third,
,ware houses
of
so
disrupted.
UNICEF-aideci
the
can
the
local
to
t,e
that
a
of
the
cer,tres
!.~,ere
UN112EF
,w~re
far
there
pattern
Field
la=t
in
the
the
shout.
directly
i ssued
of
chiefly
was
not
Cemtres
period
found
committees.
and
all
uncertair,
citiez.
Se,=and,
government;
ned.
the
cities
control,
of
of
throughout
these
First,
for
rsriai
why
P.epresen
UNICEF
a mor, th.
mili
,,iere
tar,,,
thre~
pratra,=?ed
civilian
,under
connectsd
tatives
supplies
life
?.he
!,.,%s.
,j.=y -b;,./t,~
the
also
from
the
I.lhen
Eloesser
uncoope’r.ative
had
bean
r,ext
CLARA
cfie
of
UNICEF
for
the
w==.
i;
and
!with
if
favor,
expans.
not,
ior,
of
of
the
was
which
thus
Yun-f, d
recognize
entry
There
the
of
the
But
of
1949,
ir,
Chir,
a
It
.ar,,j
of
so
there
was
tc,
face
Har, k.,:,lJ t,.s,j
b:f?
~tl S
SL.:.!:,
t,e~r,
ever,
~ .5 SIO~~.<.!27
the
ther,
few
th, =
,
on
Nations.
~tlll
North
5Q.~rd
ment’s
W=S,
the
twas
understood.
Govern
there
l,~ok
e
Executive
Ur, ited
r,nrnir,
ee.
elf
tc,
itc.
la:er,
.W.
nr ear,
~y{e
si,je
.snti
hap;,
ened
durir,
g
IJNICEF’S
the
first
ingenu,
haif
wlz
s.?af?
ace.
for
depart,Jr
e:.
earlier
IJNICEF
3E1:)
t,ad
t<o prep.:re
m>r,
t.t, s
!:l,:, seal.
,ile,ji:~~
t~
volte-f
tire, e,
.+:,
,
War
little
lCiffice~.
Ir, terr,
82DIJ,, ?,-’Y, ar, d ,,,0s?
1?;
+nd
the
expectation,
LINICEF
tt(e
,of
Nations.
these
1?49,
better
new.
start
and
ior,
became
its
!would
continued.
,cf
Korean
government
perplexity
the
that
with
continuation
the
had
regardless.=
That
of
refusal
the
of
a
seating
were
started.
within
GOveyrrmefi~.
United
was
posit
the
into
,:,r, 1 ‘y .3 r~lati,.)el,i
ijle
the
Eeiji”g
r,or(e
tk)e
vote
was
China
.a3a]rtst
and
UNICEF
!~ho
from
worked
new
a
the
expected
needs
Gn
the
io r,.
organization
always
the
react
ii
those
demonstrated
it
his
of
They
the
already
twice-tied
rejected
.
had
that
Government’s
tt, e
most
among
wherever
realized,
of
China.
enthusiaz.m,
projscts
January,
humanitarian
and
.
abruptly
increased
feeling
North
work
wirh
in
perplexity
independently,
not
course,
There
rni,
in
and
not
an
particularly
chiidren,
could
the
Later,
Mu
China,
considerations,
authorities
the
international
,cf
that
political
an
“my
was
CLAP.A
with
Shijiazhuang
and
in
with
henefi?
China
at
TF!i=
C1OS.S1Y
since
confronted
perplexity
rem.e:ning
worked
been
clerk
fe..,r,:or,thz’’.13
personnel
in
had
,:ffi:*5.
:+,~]-,,,i ,:~
in
~,j
r,c,l~
h,ad
:SF,.3n~h.~i
~? icr,. sl
<3? rt, e
?-:*
,
~Staff
:taff
1,:,,=.all!,,
ir,
~:, =
to
,
star?
ir, g
leai,,
e.
Ti ar! j i r, ,
fr<, m, these
m~bl<l,+e<j
:.hr,j
,L:,ir,e=c
IrI,q
.amj
Fa,:Ipl
wnr!,.
E!.!
~
C!i r,.<~z.z,l
,ci ?iez.
pev:.>lr,fiel
2eio’
e,’
tt, e
t,.s,?
k,.a,l
i.w:
cdraft
,:
5(3
remained
“.
Tong
“open”
wi th
Xianl
teachers
continued
trainee<,
increaz.e
,hal
Helsn
ted.
was
taken
.
by
John
CLARA
for
a
Eloess.
er
from.
25
A
mor, ths
left
of
to
then
no
later
Board
January
but
in
in
th~
very
resson
start
in
which
New
other
the
and
fall
rem.~in
York,
summarized
health
he
in
made
the
number
and
:now
McPhail
as
*of
projec?z
of
of
Tungchow
Earl&
The
usr=
her
1’349,
a working
greatest
to
and
September
training
at
1950.
all
Beijing
to
workers
Hemingway
SO,
And
workers
with
was
the
from
end
meetings
himself,
Executive
the
health
Isabel
Painter.
health
there
of
Gait,
Drummond
auspicious
I.INICEF
Edith
d
the
few
training
to
after
that
The
placce
Just
a
Y=.ar
rela?ic,ns.hi,t,
proqrarnme,
reluctance,
l.witt
Leo
,d~,~i,:e,<
China.
a
statement
“Public
H*aLth
to
?tie
{LeE.zor::.
IJNI CEF
Tt, e
undertaking
courses
is
have
been
not
en. tirsl!)
tried
in
i n
Chi .r.s
rtew;
other
55L
somwhai
countries
Simil
of
aI-
modest
.*
living
standards.
previous
under
ones
lacking
courses
thousands.
did
of
indeed
health
will
proven
in
importance
UNICEF
courses
been
add=.
experience
corrabor.ates
to
such
progrzmrn<.
?C, Y
countries.
future
similar
The
and
tieveloped
Whatever
has
IJNICEF’S
90
for
trained
go
workers
may
on.
countries
medical
on,
and
for
have
in
I
China,
think
totally
personnel.
over
service
the
years
thrctughout
these
or
that
their
$aLIJe
or
14
almez.
have
t
t,>t.aii!.~
tr.a!n~d
China.
o
-
*. .
After
the
●
the
question
there
was
major
cities
1949
of
t,he
how
under
wi th
reached
tc
Government
can?inue
ceritre
Basic
the
Chinese
China,
was
begun
Liberated
the
opersting
between
there
UN ICE.F
‘On
,~!orking.
Ggreement
other,
in
prograrnme
prograrnme
one
most
way
~elati,yr<~hip,
of
or
the
another
steadily
withdrawal
years
of
the
UNICEF
health
under
the
Areas
Relief
f.~,cs.i
r:,n*
V,.sr, ti,
in
s.s,.,zrsl
and
the
!worksrs.
t~airrii-,~
Shijiazh.uang
,4s.soci.atiart
.
Although
Nanjing
the
supplies
Agreement
<CLARA)
a
On
medical
best
child-care
Nationalists.
artd
change
of
UNICEF
Offices.
after
these
in
decisions
by
about
the
end
deteriorating,
ci ties
staff
and
had
of
been
April
taken
of
proyr.srnmez.
1949,
I,J3S
international
February
these
a
continued
from
the
1551
-
b!?
the
talk.
t..,,e?s
ir, s
until
?k, e
Beijing
almo~. t
Commune
.zr; d
e:<.acti!,,
z.?
f,:trc?s.
:,..,,>
UNRRA’s
.Deputy
Officer,
a
Regional
post
later
Pleanwhile
China
Field
mo,jed
to
of
the
Team
from
remained
relationships
both
years,
Nanjing
a
“C=S=
the
child
report
can
W
a month
so
could
Ministry
of
“matchjng”
to
All
(,~all=
throt~qh
,were
cer, tres
for
UNICEF
the
werk. ics
ces
cor, tir,
In
and
.:,!
uir,.~
tc,th
;:,:r,t
Eeij:r~
UNICEF
in
Nanjing
UNICEF
prepares
has. i.=
suppli
Local
1
es..
e’,
was
ztatf
ovev
Thi
?c,
e.
.ar, d
IuNICEF
the
also
2CI ,1200
three
to
,
for
brought
headed
d.s;,s.
Chen
bv
enoug?,
a
Sun
.ar, d
t“ull
the
Ei ?,:.
d,:, n ~
T~li
ir, tsrc
q
.
f:,>z
mc,
r, t-,.
ar, q
IGer.aldir,,+
feeciir,
j
ail
take-,:,,..).?,
wcr k. was
Child
rmn. air,e,
the
the
inside
The
51
UNICEF
cover
childrer,
F. Y
ir,
!,~i?t, dr.s!,..!r,
centrez.
custody.
=,d~,plies.
anti
with
Commi tree
,:,f
becau=e
pro,vided
wer-e
“battle
childrsr,
south
fundin~
r,emberz
ir,
Coming
20,000
gor, e
LNICEF
IJNICEF
the
interruption;
for
Supplies
under
The
,centres
fi?emk:e?
a month-by-month
some
had
51
I.INICEF
all
to
ice
for
bwithout
direct
t,!,’
i n
~ff
the
for
authorized
as. s.i s.t~,j
“b. sttl
care
Stupp lies
stored
the
oth~?
experier,
s!uddw,.
on
to
and
i fig
and
UNICEF
Affairs
caring
remair,
FLS.5
pos. i~ive
personal
officials
preparation
the
Social
continue
The
of
money
period.
Ch:r!.aj
(the
the
>.:,:,T-tY,
194’3.
and
continue
Headquart~rs
of
the
quickly:
that
centres
of
not
happened
programme
w=
was
of
the
Hanson
the
Government
rest
Countr:y
of
Areas
resistance
brzak
what
summarized
or,
baffling
report,
be
Nanking”
Instsad
Nanjing.
based
as
(leader
Liberated
in
the
feeding
the
while
between
telling
study”
Elaes.ser
Shijiazhuang
a
set-,~ing
Chen.
mainland,
official
December
Canton,
C Y
to
met
thr~ughout
In
a
the
talks
continued
the
expected
they
But
efforts,
and
on
in
by
accredited
Beijin3
previous
filled
b.sck
Team)
Director
y..s~r,
,cor,t:r:a:
a
‘. -
In
Ma
for
child
the
feeding
tragic
children.
steps
10ss
As
to
at
“reconstituted”.
of
all
the
supplies
the
the
and
was
succession
of
nothing
amiss
in
decided
that
Affairs
Secticn,
its
Chen
should
since
UNICEF
be
lUNI!nEF
t.cgk,
put
and
halt
rcurfd.z.
,..): th
lJtiICEi’;
repeatedly
bY
s
Fin,diny
ths
government
with,
had
zo
coul,d
c5ii,3rerc
agencies.
supplies.
a
ttieir
f,:,r
of
dealt
T:-, &r,
Committee
care
operations,
matter
L5
continued
logistics
and
killed
5t0Yeho,Jse.
UNICEF
thoroughly
supply
which
Government
to
committees
the
the
K Y
continued
investigated
special
f~fim
Local
The
bomb
except
dwindled,
new
the
remaining.
a
centre%
from
,~hich
interruption
to
r“uod
Kean
still
“foreign”
cen?re
until
centre$.
programme
without
additional
distribution
be
by
come
its
Forsign
from
a
source.
brought
Director
People’s
of
direct
the
near
,with
the
talks
Forei9n
2
Government.
I.lr, iversity
keepin~
one
committee”
further
~
of
s,upplies’
release
“tzke-over
continued
Beijing
new
between
Affairs
Huang
and
official
UNICEF
Section
Hua
was
was
fluent
custom,
ar,d
of
a
Huar,j
the
graduate
ir,
he
Er, gli=t,
spoke
?iua.
Nanjir,g
of
‘Yenjin~
.
fir,l!;
But
in
in
a
b
L!NI !CEF
child
care
and
shauld
be
drawn
UNICEF
supplies.
L!NICEF
tO
r.eferen,ce
the
of
a
from
Commi
now
4th
of
of
the
tree
of
proposals
IJNICEF
to
new
proposals
the
balance
were
Section
k!i’ch
a
b:?
Cfi’JeYirlq
,~rqing
spoilaqe
..-
of
offered
Headquarters
avoid
decision
supplies
Local
Commi ttee
would
be
All
sorely
official
UN ICZF
kr, own
Association,
the
an
n
organization
h=st=
during
the
except
that
:n
ho?
as
New
centres
needed
to
as
“advised”
the
to
the
before,
by
a
semi
Democratic
were
ical
9
L40rner,’s
asked
replenishment
-cl ff
t,he
to
of
be
ready
UNICEF
to
Yec=?Qe
supplies.
on
tti:e
August.
Auqust
brought
F,ounds
of
warehouse
whule
unexpected
milk
also
the
vznished!
a month,
shocked
all
storing
in
a
Der,>ocratic
and
determined
They
distribution
were
from
supplies.
discovered
all
New
milk.
LINICEF
thev
stored
The
children’s
stopped
development:
powder
IuJas both
taken
warehouses
an
had
Association
nesrly
separate
children
brought
through
Local
they
distribution
>52
.
distributic,
had
the
C,L!i r,a
Therefore
Affairs
cabie
to
~
ar, d
for
Foreign
distribution
Late
up
centves.
Six
to
summer
feeding
i n
After
that
the
the
s.e.sled
14,200
LINICEF-rer,te.2
bJomen,”z.
to
so
any
diz.cc,,
ve?-
wo~~ied
of
?t,at
t>, e’ other
investigatir,~
milk
i,dt,c
had
fur
been
tsk.~n
the
:3rl .s
,:
!.,)c,ri,er, , :.
~,
UNICEF
inspecting
-. -
official
Nounded
Soldiers
discover
that
size
for
Until
carried
out
not
By
hauled
supplies,
needy
babies.
all
the
supplies
began
officially,
out
26’-pound
a
stor,v
of
sway,
Efforts
for
were
children
m=n.
all
the
amounts
taken.
were
prepared
with
r?ceiprs
in
Nan]
ing.
r,c,
be
for
to
been
cut
warehouses
had
were
awa:y,
IJNICEF
brc, ken,
given.
garrisoning
the
The
fir=.t
its
way
wound
an
army
be=z
s,, ~ ~,p,
rnerrtberz.
taken
to
t~uci.
thr,ou,~h
unit
.ar,15
3
UNICEF
had
the
Although
detailed
The
food
supplies
throughout
transfer
official.
and
League
disappointed
staff
margarine
compound
fOr
of
seals
continued
made
to
receipts
of
November,
never
no
tins
no
,54
already
UNICEF
the
and
guarded
had
entering
when
inventories
these
and
somewhat
cloth
of
middle
receipts
UNICEF
presence
reform
the
the
chins
Comfort
and
the
to
Prlsan
People’s
in
with
city
the
surprised
October,
trucke,d
loaded
a
of
informed
supplies
the
all
Sth
date
was
was
children
the
that
from
ir,
and
besr,
month
destinations
month
clot
ended
t,in~
tfi
,g=t
sha,,.~r,,
:with
o,>
pr,~,~r.amme
?-i>?
Ear
befallen
i er
n
the
NICEF
“Between
period,
supplies
whose
In
distributed.
five
hours,
the
afternoon,
.
The
.
after
landing
them
modus
of
operandi
the
and
that
th=t
UNICEF
time
and,
,~e
rsma
ha!, e
for
China”.
officials
again
let
in
5Gme
in
were
willin~,
to
i?~
foot
years
to
their
views
should
they
or
and
sever
four
ic
posit
ion:..
hinged
itz
=uppl:e;
I
think
that
tr!~in3,
while
relations
,or
of
retrospect,
continue,
t,=
continusd
TF, ey
even
k,E
s.houl,d
be
effort.
.-
Chinese
s.upplie~..
three
lunch,
this.
?0
fi:d
othe~s,
witt,
s
m,ore
zn
intruder.
perhaps
indeed
participation
1
retrospect,
OUT
how
surveillance
Again
ready
and
the
UNICEF
withdraw.
with
4
would
active
~hould
t,alped,
,~orth
reluctantly,
further
ined
expound
China.
quite
for
with
they
lasting
relinquish
troublesome
“Gradually,
me
ir,
were
!un important
to
should
that
intransigent,
.3 break
c,f
discuss.sed
where
whom
h.ed
writes
meetings
sent,
orations
not
experience
meetings
to
and
were
UNICEF
endless
hadn’t
,.~ould
discussions
some
or
of
Eloesser
The
by.
with
officials
whether”
and
supervision,
sometimes
type
Beijing.
.
speeches
upan
perhaps
had
similar
in
went
UNICEF
under
a
staff
months
that
stored,
north,
teaching.
the
officials,
.
the
was
regretted
regret
ir,
the
ago,
still
operl
not
the
in
strar,
UNICEF
ttle
the
i t
seerr,ed
card:.
.ar, rd
ccnclusi,>n
more
door-crack,
tO
mistaker,ly,
United
.st
yl!,,
mi.3ht
Nat:, lr, .>’
?F:e
fov,
f:r,
?,ad
.+11:~
d,:, ,:f
9
shall
be
used
would
have
been
for
one’s
right
for
equall,y
easy
.
,Eut
.
to
stand
:3tit
‘. and
fi’ght
Strain.
.
first
.
time
.=11
the
tha
effects
The
started
It
has
I’ve
pros
ever
.ar, d
,of
long
distribution,
no
supplies
Thus
no
further
sear
to
mainland
laboratory
over
directly
at
in
Hongkor,g
to
Temple
the
of
National
the
were
for
tc,
Heaven
Vaccine
been
bot,h
ar, d
to
,231
IUNICE,F
r.:
i,?
moved
in
CLGRA
to
could
for
t,:,
.=
~1.a?,r,i.r,,~
h!hich
Ir,
.ar, d
hold
be
the
mer, r
Ser,Jm
medi
fc, r
L,art
Headquarter=
Institute
k,.az
final
table
cor, sigr,
fur
supplies
matter
zr, d
referred
provided
their
the
ei,3e%,
iJNIrEF
take
shipped
one
or,
,, 5
a
.zc,rlsider
,or,jer
as
the
accep
ur, til
.
in
them
observe
UNICEF
supplies
except
b!ut
wanted
not
of
.It’s
Elc, ess. er
wanted
to
were
asked
China
the
slsg
bit
Febr,J.ar~v.
in,
over
and
ideas
uNICEF
Tianj
IJNICEF
supplies
Eloesser
in
control”
UNICEF
These
alternative,
further
in
.
which
Beijing
.
error
still.
to
a
SC, car~f,lll,v,
of
ding
been
months.
through
stsr,
reached
and
the
six
meetings
arriving
of
easy
has
possibility
of
begun
Beijing;
month=
think
Agreement,
in
use
or
he
Shijiazhuang
the
the
after
“supervision
an
to
tedious
exercise
for
had
move
had
warehouse
9
a
and
just
been
cons,
supplies.
the
not
six
?F,e
IUNICEF
stitute.
r,.=
all
z.urte,d
rest
for
seei
,of
ac(~t.
?), =
BC!~
t,,rr,ac
Meanwhile,
On
22
working
Sep tember
relationships
1949,
the
,continued
Secretary-General
to
of
Cieteriorars,
CLARA,
i4u
Yur, -fu
. .
wrote
to
Dr
that
Ur,les.
Eloesser
z
UNICEF
.=ki .@ped
,.
r i .~ht
!Jsed
-‘-’’J}’
to
reconsider
was
ro
marked
operat
ional
Elaess.er
ion
b.~lsnce
of
ttle
derf(~r,ds
the
end
at
and
,
,
traininq
Heler,
not
i)rurnmondj
I-lnltsd
“would
be
t,e
agreed
This
met.
UNICEF-CLARA
UNICEF
carried
centre;
and
John
Painter
s
,uporc
i:-,
the
the
ICL##fi.<
that
:of
i ur,s..
on
Hemingway,
after
at
tur,les.
exct,an.qe
relat
on:
to
the
that
es.
,,,,,eFe
$3@l),00!2
f,j~ced
of
replied
z.~atir,,~
States
,3f
validity
prinicpi
“normal”
however
the
UNICEF
the
and
allncaticn
CLARA
Eloesser
could
of
the
continued
Dr
the
insincerity
and
of
i es,
the
t” .
with
Elongkong
=UPP1
otis. erve
level
McPhail
Irle
Agrzemen
s.tandirl~,
letters
and
a,Aest
prepared
under
end
in
an t i ‘k~la=~ar
achuang
UNICEF
supplies
.3w3:J
the
Shihchi
charging
(i-, e
Gal:
departure
supply
e
,:,:allc,
catiur,
meetings.
I t
act
for
t,ad
earlier
was
at
this
Eloesser
time
during
Hanson
to
close
the
the
trip
to
Eeijir,
g
the
outstanding
settled.’,
his
given
Shar, ghai
q!~est
that
ions
Headquarter=
Eut
absence.
permission
office
because
UNICEF
there,
‘i there
betweer,
to
although
?ravel
they
wa=.
asked
the
to
IJNI CEF
ar, d
g
z!uth~t-i
Qin.3dac
,wi thk, eld
r,othir,
Har, s.:,r,
to
CLAP.A
perii,
and
i~si,
,dis,m,s.=.
h.sti
k,eer,
:,r,
t:,
tie=.
?,:,
?,:,?
,ur, til
-.
The
.. .
text
China
but
was
written
Representative
he
al=O
and
declared
that,the
Secretary
General
end
The
tone
of
of
Or,
to
candi
caused
ir,
of
the
practical
the
stat
Elos.
sseer
Liberated
.
A
CLARH
.aku
w,ould
k
accspt
their
nc, w
IMork
.
the
.Eloes.ser
to
,M?.:,ri
Agreerner,t.
re.a.i:,.
thi~
Conz.equently,
ot
up
L!NICEF
over
Organizatio,l
threaten,
wind
the
cantrcil
lrfipossibls
-tlng
Chin-ting’s
staff
tion,
it,
did
G,ztin;
allo,ws.
th=
t(wei~.:~
corr,plerel~,)
baf,~r~
1950”
attacks
behalf
by
supplies.
to
Peking
only
abide
COmplece
China
intended
Chin
Hsiung
remaining
to
~f
North
Hs, iung
~lar,uary
increasin~
its
in
fail
find
“not
vein:
shipped-in
China
he
woykers
the
of
sholJid
Thus
similar
po~e~
UNICEF
condition.
UNICEF
the
custody
withdraw
a
Eloesser
demanded
issuance
to
in
statement
the
in
press
China
UNICEF,
over
Dr
the
Shihchiac.
huang
Areas,
radio
next
the
no?
but
beer,
rather
are
ILINICEF
and
fo~
a
to
---unr~ti~.,~r,abis
his
I
in
help
!ior, gk. on.~
for
.a?fi
all
cannot
shipment
intended
lose
rQ
US.S
ar,i
half:
UndeYs.tar,,jin.~,
left
prepared
against
on
Understanding
supplies
of
insisted
Consequently,
that
typical
year
Shihchiachuafi,3
significance.
have
the
on
Elaesser
violated
em?nt
and
was.
it;.
makir,.z
5,:,, L>r
Chinec.
.az.
t?,e
e
UNICEF
UNICEF
~ained
to
by
enter
ILINICEF
from
to
Headquarters
withholding
into
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Painter
other
UNICEF
an
warehouse
of
relationship
by
went
arrival
of
these
medical
supply
UNICEF
ahead
was
with
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items
p?’ogramme
the
in
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reneued
Beijing
lCLAI?.4
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and
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effcr?
autk,~ri
ties.,
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tkem
he
making
permitted.
the
purcha<.e
using
up
Shijiazhuang
Tianjin,
for
the
Hongkong.
supplies
nothing
In
basis.
{,-:=4
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was
with
from
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anti-kalaazar
allocation
there
longer.
“unconditional”
for
also
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supplies
participation
LINICEF
China
the
on
decided
supplies
working
forwarded
the
also
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mainland
the
and
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*500,!3[I~l
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participation
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to
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an
sn,i.
the
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tChar, ter
In
a
paper
Cunningham
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at
to
organic
pressing
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or
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with
Security
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is
its
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episode”
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t
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as
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lir,k
its
at.
to
of
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bid
for
seemed
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suggest
to
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point,
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“single
goes
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to
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ted
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whether
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in
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on
accepted
observes
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it
severence
attention
features
atr.=r,se
time
He
Peking’s
demand
Cunningham
the
iam
Llr,ivers.i?;y,
Seijing’s
1
”
It
Nations.
relevant
ever,ts
!-lill
Coiumbia
contrasted
more
these
3.3:,0
United
members
The
Narions,
of
this
in
Link
United
Nati,]ns
with
Last
sarly
sever
place
The
ln~titu?e
and
lJn ited
-
the
Asian
would
her
that
snd
1549
the
China
relations
the
ir!
to
for
t
East
UNICEF
that
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the
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him
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~
the
the
earl!~
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.,, ---“l!*:7rrr
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distinction
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-
people
This
to
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between
American
a
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ar,d
working
in
the
c~ear
policies
and
widely
71
.s very
nation’s
Government
accepted
Gmeri,=ans
as
the
economic
knc,wn
the
China
and
American
i ES
“friends”
?racticed
position
Lib=rated
Areas
.>
.
ma.ds
frnm
iE!4E
194S.
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and
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to
all
within
always.made
between
seemed
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~
i t
between
extent
-
to
?he
became
Paper
believed,
in
and
the
ma~siue
Nationalist
rrmre
individual
White
of
August
to
The
1949,
providinq
the
rniiitav:;
distinction
what
for
both
increas:n.~i!y
publication
confirming
documentation
-
became
maintair,
go,.] ernment.
of
aid
Government
difficult
and
American
of
had
‘he
been
additional
!C+,irf.s
generally
details.,
h.s,~
e
a
tremendous
UNICEF
impact
in
The
China
author
White
Paper
Paper
the
center
There
had
been
States
in
as
well.
of
the
writes
China
that
of
much
“The
their
feeling,
to
drsin,
as
a
frc, rn China.
to
mass
of
the
there
tt,a
particularl:~
These
cities.
part
”
rwnained
of
2
a
larger
by-product,
1967
Communists
made
“uf
the
tk,e
White
campaign.
of
China
among
IUnlted
intellect,d,aie.
the
to
the
considerable
tt,e
reservoirs
mo’vement
,:n
Ye-issue
anti-American
ir,
good
olJt
kind
critici%m
of
in
a
Communist-ir,%piTed
t!ut
hour,gcousie
as.
Chinese
first
pa=t,
sr,d
ar, d
introduction
the
reservoirs
influer(ce
in
elirr,
P.sv t!>
inate
TJ,:,IA! z.at
!...lsterr,r,
lUNi12EF
former
president
out,
.’.
both
of
as
represented
our
so
philanthropic
to
love
both
with
regard
The
strident
were
not
the
Mao
was
tradition
and
a-s
in
and
against
Eloeis.er
to
be
about
criticisms
this
the
in
China.
one
period
a
singled
also
becausa
he
American
In
who
‘used
the
the
‘Farewell
to
,
pretsnd
s
Nanjing
of
and
in
then,
Beijing
accusations.
,
Chins.’”
,undertstandable,
IJNICEF
intended
him
States
particularly
Nanking]
finest
tienounced
IJn ited
more
to
that
(China
was
[in
educational
blriting
States,
all
‘
makes
University,
ambassador
well
Stuart!
This
●
last
and
Leighton
Yenching
in
during
and
but
rnonth$.
t.~:,en
this.
later
UNICEF,
few
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of
the
lster,
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Ur, i ?e,:
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notes:
“a
sharp
distinction
as
such,
and
not
recall
Americans
any
Nations,
attemptirfg
Thar
the
.
iljea
pa?tic,ular
Peking
nornir,
made
ed
a
by
the
Llni ted
attack
numerous
the
of
against
States
uarious
Llni ~d
u==
i
tb, e
afid
IJN
Natizr,s
Nations.
articles
lLlr,i ted
control
the
between
direct
were
that
gair,
in
,5!:
ILlni :sd
=.pee,~hes.
c,~nt~:,i
agencies
~f,
#or’
.
of
wac.
represer,tati,
show
to
committees..
of
there
to
beer,
emplo},
instance
although
endea,.~orifig
or
has
not
the
under
.aricnn
nf
.,e
tt, e
on
lJn ited
MT
Nati,:,
attack
Nu
IJNICEF
r,s
is
‘(,Jn-fu
and
f,jrtt,
SZ.
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it=
of
ILINICEF
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ed
in
j
t,:.:
r.he
;.IN1 I:E,E
i n
Chi r!.a
.“
Although
December
CLARA’S
1949)
that
it
‘3hi j iazhuang
Agreement
UNICEF
China
North
their
!work
definitive
inter,tion
of
the
1950,
Hsiurig
again
its
affairs
and
North
training
eer, tre
i rig
other
Fain
t
IJNICEF
?er.
spite
He
of
notice,
en.>~nt ,
be
China.
China
had
lef
staff
Team,
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made
been
in
staff
member
was
not
Tk, e
ly-=mpioye
t,>
uf
by
,
yiver,
statement,
ordered
up
“lea,
until
There
were
t,do
one
ha,j
from
d
Je
of
is
a
full
Ctrir, es. e
lChir, a” .
and
31
er .
.gluir,..
t,:,
IZ.!ir,d
rner, ”
.at
SC,
onnel
the
after
,would
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anl?
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the
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;::
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ICLAF.A.
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leave
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of
man.
psrs.
:year
~t
puzzling.
staff
=!
course.
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one
thzt
program,
never
Eloess.
::
Cer*t?-=
“Dr,
(Helen
t~
informec
the
January
lccal
r.he
hoped
General
and
twoman
permission
for
end
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women
as
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mutual
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IJNICEF
Septarnber
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The
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in
6
”
b=
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140rk.ers
agreement
be
accep?
dissertation:
UNICEF
[up
to
,..Ias
CLARA
Secretary
!wifid
to
Indeed,
the
UNICEF
Acting
the
of
until
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of
leave
work
twelve
the
UNICEF
IJNICEF’S
already
the
in
letter
Health
out
to
the
seem
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refusal
5
to
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meant,
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the
their
termination
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Beij
at
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the
that
staff
to
was
,zf
would
not
(31
the
h,orkers”
1’350
did.
binding”.
continue
to
this
b’Y
permitted
of
CLAR.A’S
longer
reference
announced
in
no
be
statement
bound
“twelve
end
It
and
teaching
referred
the
the
emphasize
September
be
would
statement.
to
would
The
is
with
published
longer
Urbanization
is
Tur, gchow
that
IUNICEF,
24
UNICEF
and
break
understanding
the
no
before
simply
letter
would
completely
of
Seijing,
end-of-the-year’s
in
‘,e:.:~,,~iz.i,:n
in
.ar,:,,
‘e
I.IN ? c EF
tt, =t
on
h=
the
~=~
re~=yded
other
matters
hand,
in
was
China
in
Children’s
Emer~ency
ied
the
was
G~o,~ernment
i“
co
‘Shar, ghai
a
Brief
,t private
a
The
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for
report
for
the
=11
,
but
UNICEF
of
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Nations
information
idual,,
One
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The
indiv
responsible
of
7q
C.*, : k.a
F,, reign
held
prepare
Fund.
of
a
departure
about
straight
Name
=S
officially
after
responsibilities
detai
~imply
i n
Int~rr,.=tior,
asksd
for
al
!,#. as.
questionnaire:
Organization
-
UNICEF
History
Organization
Personnel
Responsible
Officer=
Changes
!Aork
of
ar, d
of
Liaison
Officers
Operations
Principles
The
Responsible
aperatian
with
origin
local
and
government
distribution
of
supplies
Finance
Haw
is
UNICEF
How
did
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in
the
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uf
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ip
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financial
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ion
ifi
the
past
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there
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gc, vernment
Any
changes
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past?
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ar, d
of
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IJNICEF
agreement
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after
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special
pa=s.
Government
at
was
the
Fleslth
Plc?hail,
of
to
written
the
by
Yates
babies.
new
of
.
.
midwifery
and
diseases
#md
received
cases
amen.3
babies
then
for
authentic
train
inq,
‘false
of
not
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received
tor, sequsr,
in
a
trair,
cases
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inq
cla:.s
train
oew
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women
color:
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birth
restored
rhe
all
to
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rsquested
wrote
a
real
letter
lit,
c,ne
worke~s
,
amonq
the
.zn.d
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winier,
znti
viilag?z.,
tt, s
FITS
babies
of”
,
birth
all
were
she
r, of
of
them
tt, e
sa!,, ir, q,
er.stic,
trip
. “
hami
that
a
the
1S
o ?her
have
operated
areas.
“old
of
T.a;e
have
and
ShSo
been
rural
reduced
the
after
obstetrical
qreatly
CIn
i?.
have
midwives
local
mi ~ht
officer
,w.3.z.
and
Oe.ar,h
i tself
to
deaths’
the
t
training
of
Mrs
rspor
ha,.}e
‘false
North
after
attended
old
. .
classes
tra”inin~,
tly ,
China.
in
work
respiration.
were
Cadres
,
tt:a~
The
the
:
“Plc2rs
improved.
in
cr edi
that
been
to
t?,en
[March
has
. .
an,2
Gait
health
attended
death’
artificial
h=d
and
estahl:s.h=,d
Hsming way,
trained
old-fashioned
tect,niques
Feople.’%
Although
improving
return
the
the
Shijiazt,uang
Information
training
and
their
in
in
babies
,8s
China.
infants
to
pattern
success.
been
midwives
and
of
Public
North
upon
midwives,
and
Jes
old-fashioned
death
such
in
it
the
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ha,ve
UNICEF
that
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another
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after
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Traininy
People>s
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period
IJNICEF
TO
7
showing
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to
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Shanqhai
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to
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For
tu
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old
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although”now
based
at
on
their
usual,
After
that
and
your
report
model
not
worthwhile
drawings
since
a
the
training
-
mannekin
molded
the
In
of
in
supportive.
must
ar,e
successful
ones
,
made
,
.
Man,~zi
course.
c~ngratulate
the
YQ!J
best
ever.
z.ee:n.g
1 wonder,
proven
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a
it
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.
t,he
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10
and
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mannekin
have,
supplies
offered
UNICEF
forms
into
rnsny
appropriate
years
t,~ok,
Administration
lCLARA,
which
earlier
or~arfizatimn
and
most
YOU
you.
translated
1930,
UNICEF
t
of
into
Association”
contraz.
manual
Manual
Relief
or
like
Edith
Midwifery
traininq
“I
wrote,
and
second
was
porcelain.
”
the
the
7 i<
teaching
preparing
similar
charts.
direct
knock-out,
ha,Je
Ich; r,.3
of
fc,r
langu
fur
cc,urse,
mid,.~!iiet-y
ages.,
and
midwifery
lo:,g
the
s.t!Jdent:
world.
Play
“PR.AC”
big
has
part
Hemingway
York,
he
better
midwifery
become
around
one
still
and
New
more
(mannekin)
or
The
in
were
tc,
Isabel
their
were
report,
is
wooden
earthenware,
e
then
there
i n
throughout
their
wish
than
Tungchow,
Eloesser,
and
that
from
experience
receivir,g
be
also
separated
responsibilities
As
time
I.INI CE.F
its
,which
the
to
ernpt, aslzed
that
had
was
place
was
Pee, ple’s
CLAR.A,
the
I ts
“Chinese
served
as
dissolved
-
The
Chinese
new
t.o
Admini;
in
fur, dir, g wa~
a
r,
to
of
newl!y
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come
of
of
lChin3.
emphaz. ized
from
IUP.IRRA .ar,ti
VJ?G,5
Reli&.f
documents.
ar,
AFe.3.s
partr,er
People’s
tt-ati,
Administrate,:,
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the
and
referred
Relief
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old
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time
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“+elf-:elisf
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’
r.
UNICEF
maiden
nameSoor,g
Althou~h
new
of
there
had
People’s
the
China
her
Welfare
letter
and
the
used,
delight
for
S’orcic,
she
wi thin
the
with
after
I
but
such
am
reopening
the
questi~n
of
the
tt:s
beqinnir,:
rr,onsy
out
the
of
ke
!wot31,d
For
here.
what
use
coiJL,j
as
years
ttte
C.UC?:
after
planning
frustratin~
find
...
:
and
to
was
at
[UNICEF]
efficiency
the
Chairman
And
Eeijing
the
a’?
Shanghai.
Government
that
that
attempting
as
interest.
in
ct,ief
rather
ing
read
many
P~ri=.’.
named
in
UNICEF
to
your
be
wrote
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77
a
L!NICEF,
might
great
of
with
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headquarters
question
used
reason,
are
with
heartening
no
you,
that
Dr
she
dismissal
is
and
that
received
was
There
hope
status
abrupt
it
to
Fund
was
year,
Ling,
Administration,
her
brusque
of
been
Relief
Nevertheless,
that
Ching
in
pr-osge,zts.
the
*
ILINI!2EF
funds.12
The
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the
Executive
money
Board
Agreement
But
be
the
had
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The
are
for
L.sck
New
China
shores
met
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c,ur
.
b,~
The
of
of
the
after
Beijing
and
the
liaison
into
from
pragramme
such
activities.
,condit
time
ior,
ne,.~
Easic
which
She
our
by
signed.
a
is
the
a
hurdles
and
program
basic
earmarked
cc,nferences,”
en~ers
control
This
China
“summarizes
that
in
%7,000,000
in
witt,
month=
conditiar,
the
programmed
also
through
1.
was
negotiated
Sun
reasons
to
for
been
surmounted
main
referred
owr,
and
they
land
.app.arently
could
CF:,I
beiieve,j
tha?
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or,
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s.upplie:.
son C,(JT
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q,Jality
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of
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wa=
w,mz.t
nego?i.~ti,~rr~.
.se+c
,:,inrle=.:.,ls
3.2
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Welfare
,j,Jl#y(
+,
FIJr,15,
I??s(j
Sf,.ar,>k,.3~
,
e
Dr
referred
the
comments.
Mr
Pate
suggested
chat
Dr
Borcic
to
him
been
addressed
but
not
unusual
,was
not
an
P!r
e
%orcic
fram
tt,e
over
directly
one.
of
to
apply
equally
he
repeats,
same
of
lies
how
satisfactorily
the
various
Then
The
supplies
admi
Chir,
in
in
IJNICEF
a
the
point
by
for
method
fa,>t
in
el$
tt,s?
?[Jrr,ed
i,-,
Europe:<
E~Jrc,g,eI’,
responzihii.
“YOU
izy
fo?-
,CF
might
operation
”
its.
noting
administrstim?
of
ries.
l~tter
followed
operation
?,3,5
y,>>~r,,<st,c,r:::
H*
of
the
ir
Chins.
are
the
a
in
as
government.
has
point
c,cu:
~Jorke,i
ir,
15
assertion:
China
arose
a~r.ar,
in
134s.
relati*n
These
accepted
of
t.:
?O
the
purly
whi ch
the
arrangements
but
by
over
out
gemer,
Headquarters,
and
Sun’s
in
example:
count
i ue
Mme
arrival
afi$
z.ince
was.
were
for
raised
himself
supplies
mi=undersranding
Plissian
Chir,.a
an
Director
points
This
method
and
curiol~s
ni st rat
China
as
simple
original
letter
first
,
“Our
with
a
two
operation
receiving
follows
the
upon
supplies
this
UNICEF
to
Sun<s
of
cited
entirely
Executive
place.
(1950)
China.
be
distribution
Pkr,e
methods
could
the
the
first
Government
in
to
of
communication.
14
year
the
to
the
to
the
to
“the
projects
in
responded
first
fully
reply
method
expected
the
responded
official
?a~e
letter
mere
Headquarters.
hancilin~
of
local
had
oriqir,
been
rn.zde
?5,v tc,~r
al
program
ir!
c~ere
eu,c,l,~ed
an
riot
in
the
imp,:,s.~li
dis.c,l:.~.i,~r,~
.as.:.umpti,:fi
it,,.,
ir:
situation.
16
. .’
If
the
Agreement
“supervision
was
only
a
fundarf,ental
IUNICEF
to
his
continue
finally
led
shipments.
UNICEF
staff
e,-!%ure
in
thst
luntil
simpler
all
to
consider
them
the
in
the
responsible
until
they
not
adap
fisian
a
co,Jn
the
of
UNICEF
PrOj&ct
supplies
user”?
and
a
the
d.”
fact,
“our
time
receivir,g
q
of
often
be
released
half
in
supplies
anti
requirin,~
fram
the
“Let
month,
t~
the
the
of
the
l~orld.
during
tt,.?
joint
Government’s
been!
Euro:, a”
Ir,
1,...s.2s.
nl.ar,’,~
155!:1s
rez.6,,;, n:.: bil
desi,qr,
of
k,zc,~rw+
sq,~i~rnent
ha,ue
parts
waretrousez..
the
qovernmeflt
ir,
si,ar,at,lre
n,;, ?
instructeti
would
a
much
message
to
and
bu?h
t>
,.,:~
l.,.
i.. ,rr,.._r
c,!,~e do
operation
us:lally
tr!;
of
beer,
of
assistance
the
~ o,Jas. ti?~
have
have
that
relief
z,f
i nd=ed
out
the
,whic,h
s.:c, n
applicable
a
tt, e
point
that
to
lsft
concern
would
supplies
‘..~as
El fiPsser
after
[UNICEF]
other
represer:t
susper,
earlier
to
method
UNICEF
Repre%entati<le
Director,
What
Dr
sent
especially
for
long
I t
arrangements]
trustee
not
Why ,
month
Shijiazhuafiq
V*Y,V
the
Headquarters
year
l~as
remsined
Nanjing
handlir,
,Aould
for
and
a
tries
left
Beijing
of
for
Hongkong?
And
matter
and
the
did
this
from
“end
earlier
consume
1960s,
tt, s
a
are
red
CLARA
UNICEF
situation.”
staff
As
field
why
over
supplles
the
had
[your
China
IJNICEF
also
reached
around
directly
present
supplies
of
and
time,
with
warehol>sed
had
the
meetings”
Nanjing
the
they
at
impasse
IJNICEF
clause
arrangement”
policy
the
control”
“local
“ endless
to
of
and
ated
bef,j?-e
ar, d
i?:.!
*
9*
procurement.
Whether
or
influenced
not
Premier
tiecisic,
n
Board
is
clear,
not
fu ~ who
had
to
of
China’s
P.epresentative
Borcic
for
but
been
the
“that
resumption
of
the
Government
Peking
a
25th
of
August
of
the
and
UNICEF
on
was
Gdmir,istration
on
B,oard.
problems
pro~ram
secured
in
he
nominare,d
of
China
ldrote
he
representation
on
Yur,-
Secretary-
with
could
Wu
Libera?ed
the
Sun
Eo-
E<ecuti,ve
Ct,inese
connection
China
Cho,~
UNICEF’S
then
Mme
in
letter
.4ffairs)
ssat
Relief
the
Sun’s
Foreign
chief
the
Mme
a
[CLARAI
P@ople’s
stating
the
the
to
for
China
on
Association
General
reply
Minister
seek
farrnerly
Relief
Borcic’s
(and
lai’s
#Ireas
Dr
to
a,qair,
to
z=.
Or
the
resolved
the
sar,..<=
onl;J
if
Ex$c,utie~?
Baard.f117
Soon
Board
as
a
put
the
Board
take”.
c~rr
.af terwards,
The
“a3ain.
A
Taipeh
Executive
The
No, Jernber
to
member?
Tied
ied.
matter
in
a
vote:
car, tinued
was
vote
to
the
should
result
tie
1950,
a
meant
represent
UWICEF
Beijing’s
tie.
norr, in=e
A
that
all
second
the
of
Board,
resction
Ch,~u
En-lai
tl’, is
time:
‘s
in
cable
Beijir,
to
th,e
g was
General
ur,ders.tand.able
Assemti!;
Execut
or,
vets
iv?
be
wa=
se.atec
Chiang
allowed
the
the
UNICZF
in
ar, d
decision
Ludwi
k
ctman
was
Beijing
Rajchman
touch
differ_
by
New
York
=l
an
the
of
by
first
take
up
now
a
UNICEF
to
op.=fi.
1950
discussion,
t i ve
an,
.an
with
Or
@.o.ar,d,
W*,O
en-,:==.ar!,t
r-egardir,
about
be
keep
“tsrnp,:,rarily”
~ S,
withdr.=wr,
.
negotiations
would
the
not
really
make
or,
28
Qecernbey
-
on
the
of
q
fr,::r,
KU,-e.a.
withdrak~.sl
interpreted
would
ne.<sti,.,,ei,,
.3rIy
ence,20
By
the
e“d
Republic
of
If
had
there
IJNICEF’S
z.uch
of
China
pitch
IUNICEF
m~nth
entered
beer,
decision
a
the
and
the
any
doubt
to
withdraw,
that
any
the
-
wsr
at
hope
Governrner,
first
this
of
about.
went
f,~rther
t
side
WSZ.
the
the
peilp~.+.~.
Nortt,
Ku r&s.
appr-opr
iater,
heightened
r,egotiatior,
,clearly
. .
be
Exec,u
Hsiao-chu
in
Chinese
December,
es
hesitated
mO,Je
the
la
would
after
Mu
earlier
leavin.3
of
bsi&l.3
Delegation
trying
offices
the
General
The
extent
insulted!
gained
still
Chinese
r=presentativ
rmar,
had
that
be
UNICEF
to
that
such
are
the
Headquarters
with
fearing
felt
the
Chai
Headquarters
China,
between
then
of
and
Ofi
r,atior,
tak, en
to
to
China.
inter
,
in
sent
Although
to
the
seats
slighted
nothing
that
remnants
To
bean
in
wa=
Raj
turr!
from
then
cabled
suspended
Ths
have
offices
Headquarters
the
Nations.
United
was
reactionary
usurp
to
people
There
Shek
Kai
ended,
tk[e
z.
in
~s.~,
,:,:
?e.rz.:, :,r!:
Chir,.3
●
TASLE
I
-. .
1911
-
1912
The
Bc,:xer
The
overthrow
Uprisir,3
establis.hrnen
@r
Sun
in
fauc,lr
Nationalist
July
1321
t
Yat-sen
of
of
the
Manchu
of
the
ReDublic
d!ynasty
of
~nd
Chins
is
Yuan
Part+
Shih-k’
ai
(Gu,~mirfdangj
,~rgar,ized
ttie
April
1927
,C,hiang
ousts
bloody
purges.
this
October
1934
The
ICommunists
from
Guomind.anq
Irreconcilable
cleft
in
dates
from
period
Red
Army
r,orthwestward
begins.
and
“Lor19
?larch”
reaching
,
north
retrea?irig
Shaanxi
a
y~ar
later
1331
-
1934
Japanese
farces
accupy
many
cities
in
Manchuria.
Create
“u
a
Yi,
“monarc t,”
new
last
of
“5tate”
Manchu
Mar,chukuo
Mancttukuo
emper,~r
~f
.
In
Ct, inz,
lF!Z’J
,c~,~$..ine,?
.
Areas”
makir,,3
occupied
by
“Liberated
the
-. .
December
August
1941
1345
areas
United
States
Other
nations
L40rld
Nar
enters
waY
ends,
COr:,mUr!l
=?
Chir!=;
an, :
Japan.
Horld
enter
11
IJP
but
War
in
11
+)s.ia
civil
war
cor,tinue$.
in
China
Despite
periods
of
reconciliation
Red
efforts
at
fail,
Army
destroys
Manchuria,
moues
truce,
wins
southward
Nationalist
victories
to
control
forces.
in
North
all
of
in
China
.ar,d
m~inl.sr:ti
China
1
October
1949
People’s
Republic
capital
in
Beijing
Nationalists
to
be
of
declare
new
Sine-Soviet
capital
of
Treaty
si~ned
Peoples
Republic
of
on
of
KcIrea
side
North
Chir,a
enter:
Ko:-ear,
!..iar
Anette,
Henri
G
UNICEF
China
Finance
Andersen,
9erge5,
E,velyn
l-lm C
Birckhead,
John
%rders.,
Eorcic,
Karl
B
Dr
T
Officer,
UNICEF
Field
[Later
joined
LINICEF
Fisld
until
Mission,
14
July
Shanghai
May
1948
-
the
UNICEF
office
Repre~er,tati,Je,
1949
in
Chief
IJNICEF
NYHQ,
Executive
Off
IJNRR.F,
Chief,
Health
Division,
1947-4S;
and
in
194:S
Manila]
5hangh=i,
[lived
of
15149
!.1.anjir:q!
NYHQ,
IJNICEF
Jul!y
P.epresenta?iue,
LINICEF
also,
Gffice
Xi’afi
lg42
1923-:34;
Administratic,n,
“CorrespondentC’
WHIO Mec!i,zal
icer
,
lF!~E:-
1347-1343
C+hir,a
ir,
Advisor
Offics
Ct:ir,.a
to
UNICEF
‘*
.
Chait,
Frederich
Chans,
H
C
Ch=nq,
F
C
Cher),
UNRRA,
General
United
Natiar,~,
tlerr,ber
China,
Economic
and
UNICEF
Field
Or
K ‘(
child
Chi
Counsel
CLARA
inflation
“czar”
and
August-November
and
re5igr,
[Taiwan)
Kai-shek
kCt,’ ien
Chunq
Hs. in,
C,olAnc:l
Nanjin.s
fo?
Libsrated
Areas
1343-19S0
CLARA-LINIC~F
Relia=
film
discuz:.ic,
a<
ns.,
1948
E,~or,omic
Ching-Kuo
0?
1349-19!50
(Chinese
for
Repc>blic
in
Eeijinq
Shijiazhuang
IChi.anq
Social
centres,
Administration)
Au.3u~t
!?:=
Representative
feeding
Member
Fer, g
for
ed.
aftsr
@t-
,=han.3hal
introduction
194~,
durin.~
of
Confessed
the
,cri:.i;
“~c,l,~
,JtteF
.
:=
y~.ar,”
f~ii;r=
.,,
Cleveland,
Harlan
UNRRG,
[19S4
of
Ercmmonti,
Helen
Dirsctor.,
-
Oirector,
Public
(,Maj
Eloe%ser,
Glen
Gen)
E
Office,
Hubert
H
19’1~-194S
Humphrey
Ins?it,dte
Affairs]
UNICEF
Field
Officer
in
September
Eciqerton,
China
Sepres=nt.ative
Peiping’
1949.
Peking
Union
UNRRA,
Dir=ctor,
I.INICEF,
North
and
(Be:jinq)
Sept=mber
Formerly
Medical
Atimir,istrati.:s
Dietitian
194:?–
,,.!itti,
T?:=
Coilege
Chir(a
Office,
1S!46-47
:.
Leo
Dr
UNICEF
Senitir
(Seconded
Subject
China
Len
Eloz.=.ser
New
‘York,
Te.aN,
Representative,
from
of
Field
WHO
bio3raphy
MD
lgS2
in
Eul.c,qv
15’4:3
Eeij:ng,
June
by
leader
l?~+~!
19431
Dr
Harris
for
a
Free
Shlurr,a,=ker:
S~,ir:t,
.:
Gaumnitx,
Richard
UNRRA,
Deputy
Ger.aghty,
Dorothy
IJNICEF
“foreiqn”
UNRRA
for
Goodwin,
Ralph
China
secretary
openin~
(251
Office
Director,
of
IJNICEF
Deputy
months
of
1547-15
Chief
154S;
of
in
seconded
%_,anghai
December
Qfficz
UNICEF
Februar:/
Mission
charge
b!~
:of
for
l?4:?:~
a
:.IuPF!2!,:
Fm.f
,oper.a-
tions.
Hannam~
H L
UNICEF
NYHQ,
As=is.
Hanson,
Perry
UNICEF
North
China
Senior
UNICEF
Sept
Harris,
(Lt
F
LINRRs,
D
Col)
Hatem,
?!ausske,
1945
Washington
George
A,C.
Dr
to
tant
C,cm:,tr~ller,
Field
Team
Representative
May
Chief,
Office
D C
1947
of
from
ir,
[with
1951
Far
1515i
June
China
UNR,RA
~a~ter-rl
-
i94:E
?-,- Cirr!
1545-15!4:s:
Affa:Y.;.,
[UNICEF
in
C.hir, .3,
1547-1351
:SS!
,.~
the
American
Board
Mission)
. .
Heyward,
E
!i:nder,
J
UNICEF
R
NYHQ,
British
Eleanor
Deputy
Consul~te,
(advised
Executive
D1reCtOY
Shanghai
about
proposed
1347
S2
rnillian
corton
project)
Ho ,
Te-liang
UNICEF
Represent
October’
Horn,
Norman
UNICEF
1948
Haskins,
LWIS
Jacc,bson,
Junod,
Chin
Chairman,
Ting
Jerome
Marcel
==rly
to
in
CLARA,
Actin~
to
North
Ch(ina,
Secretary
to
Chief
of
.Jar,uary
Service
transport
Counsel
IuNICEF,
its
1349
Dff
ice
;r,~m
closure
Shanghai,
AIJ~,Jst
1949
Friends
supplies
Shanghai
Consultant,
offer
Legal
Dr
until
Textile
until
Made
Hsiung,
1945
ativej
Uni
UNICEF
t
in
Chin.=;
medi!:.=1
194S
General
1949-512
b
General
K.e
Fei
People’s
Tutor
Kean,
Geraldine
UNICEF
?4anjing,
Nati,>nal
1547
King,
P Z
K.u Chen,3
KUO,
TL
Lak. shmanar,
9
1947;
Dr
Kar, g
Dr
,
C
K
Or’
Chief
Republic
at
F
Tungchow,
Executive
of
China
1950
@t_ficer
Midwifery
Training
●
Li
Chih-chung
Dr
Bureau;
taught
Personnel
at
Li
Training
in
Wrote
Ch,Jng
Dr
with
of
,of
served
+leaith
Or
husband
Polak
as
Eloesser
Sherf
the
Nanjir,
g,
CLARA
Representative
1948;
Dr
Yuan-:hui
IrIteri,Jr,
terrip,>rs
r!,>
,:.api
in
Junod
stationed
discussed
for
in
with
projects
in
him
North
Hongkonq
prugu=.al~.
Ch:r,.=
in
194S
Taught
later,
Communicable
nel
Trair,
Diseases
ing
taught
at
Course
the
at
with
North
!iealth
OT
China
-------EL VC..,F,
Nedic.=1
Colleqe
Fr*d
LINICEF
G
NYHQ,
Deput!j
A,dminis.trati,.,s
12ff:ce-r
194a
Lur,cl,
Harold
H
:.2:
1948-49
plans
Fersor,
Long,
.-,
projects
Cor~ez.pofidw!,f,~r
June
Shih-chieh
i t
Sim*n
first
Minister
China
and
Liu
wt:er,
to
UNICEF
Lin
1948:
China,
Canton
at
Centre;
Shijiazhuang
Nationalist
Han-wen
Sanitation
UNR.R&,
Shar[gt8.3i
Utilization,
G Decemt,er
of
1547
,wr,xte
an
ICEF
4’S,ugges.
Grar,t
tif:fi~.
f,:,r
fc, r
Chir,a”
t;,=
,.
:
first
Health
Later,
.-
Fe?”sonnel
Head
of
Communicable
venereal
?lerryman,
John
E
Shanghai,
Dr
January
In
charge
Qiar,
g-xian
team,
*
Merrill,
Grthur
(Col)
Moyle,
McDonald,
*
Elsie
Mm C
until
af
ttre
dturin3
august
China’$
Admir(is.
154.S;
22
Eureau.
in
Acting
,
Division
of
.[’’Starnped
our
Eloes=erj
tratiue
Chief
leavxn.3
of
N:=.=:um
on
Missior,
visit
,of
:?7EI
Dfficsy
Lhin.s
London
1:1+::
Ccurze
Disease
Disease
September
Milledge
Veneral
disease
UNICEF
Trainin,3
15
fr>rr,
!’.=Y
H,~s.pit=l
North
China
cheerfully
optimistic
scene”
NK.-NY-O44,
10
UNICEF
Fi*ld
Represent
March
ati,.~e,
man
qr,
1950]
Tsinqt.=o
a?
l-i!.!!:;:=
194S
[ ‘“most
:54s
the
i.~NICEF
Nason,
Painrer,
John
B
John
F
1S’47-1S!
UNRRA,
Liaison
Officer
with
UNICEF
Liaison
Office,
Washingt~n
IJNICEF
Transport
1949
IJNRRA
SIJpply
1949;
departure
October
Oiv
and
Qpril
(after
Mary
Chi r,.=,
UNICEF
Beijing,
Palevsky,
in
O C
IOffice?’
1947
in
Officer-in-char5e
of
Heien
through
Shanghai!
.51
Drummondl
Februar:/
Chlet,
from
1551
Regzonal
4Mr[:ni=.?r’at:~n
ision
Interim
UNICEF
Representative
in
Ct:ina
frc, m
@
29
December
Shanghai
Parran,
Thomas
Dr
5
former
with
1947
February
USA
Dr
C,K,
and
condition
of
UNICEF
First
\@
in
Dr
Junod”z.
arri~~al
ir,
1948
Surgeon-General
countries
Board
until
Jul!j
NYHQ~
IJNICEF
Lakshmanan
visi
presented
children
report
to
tt, e
ted
13
on
Asian
health
LINICEF
E::ec,uti,.~e
194S
Chief
,
E:xe,z,~tiue
Personnel
Dire,=tor,
Section
~:j~::
1947-1s!64
Author
1945-1947.
~,
July
Wrote
letter
Mr
Pate
help
C!uan,
L
suggestions
children
in
Ecorror?ies
at
Branch,
Wrote
in
the
at
establishing
Instr,~ctoY
UNRRA
King
’of
[formerly
during
IUNP.RA
China
1945-
1’34S
about
for
of
a
Ckir,.a,
of
‘Yenching
request
of
programrne
of
Decsmbmsr
1947
Agri,mltural
University
in
Fek.inq
1930,s1
HQ Nashir,gton
Office
“Notes
of
on
Chief!
D C
Far
the
Easter
needs
Anal’ysi=
Affairs
of
Chinese
Chil,jren”
Rajchman,
Ra!y,
J
Ludwig
Franklir,
Jr
Chairman,
IJNICEF
Exec,Jtiue
[formerly
League
of
UNRP.A,
fic?ing
Ec,ard
Nation=.
Director,
Chir,
194S-15131
Aduisc,r]
a
Miss:,~n,
Shanghai
IJNRRA
Gffairs
HQ,
Ct, ief
,
Office
of
Fat’
Eastern
- .“
Schilling,
Jean
UNICEF
Field
BelJin~
1949
clatsr
in
Scimi
ttlir,,3er
,
Shen
Yuan-hlui
F!
Representative,
until
rejoined
North
JuT,=
UNICEF
a=
194s
1949
supply
officer
Africa]
UNICEF
N’(HQ
CLARA,
Director
Training
wife
25
Tientsir,
Prograrr:me
of
Course;
of
Dr
Li
Coordinator,
first
194E
Health
worked
wi tt,
Chih-chung;
Personnel
@r
taught
@
EloFs~er;
midwifery
1948-13S0
Sh6r
,
Franc
Sinclair,
UNRRA
Gdel
aide
China
Executiue
Proqr.3rr,rr,e
Chairman,
[Later,
Office!
UNICEF
D&p,uty
Committee,
Executive
Pragramme5]
Soanq
Ching
Lir,3
(see
Madame
Sun
“’(at
Sen)
Officer,
1250
Direct,:?-,
1347
(of
Stuart,
J
Lei3hton
the
Inland
UNICEF
Representative
cotton
project
lJ S Ambassador
until
of
Sun
China
Teliang
‘{at-sen,
(Suang
Mme
Ching
Sweet,
Lir,
Lenning
D?
Chi”na
in
President
Executive
Secretary,
Tt, orp,
F
John
Dr
5
from
China
Dr
of
Yeficriinq
lUni,vet-5ity;
Local
Nanjing
Nelfare
Sun
lC,~rnrnitzee
Fun6
Yat-sen,
China
(1912)]
Services
to
China
1947
Harry
Price
Mission
China
in
)Iissior,,
IJN R.i%
Revi+
regard
to
wed
milk.
situ
194S-42
first
to
f,~r
19513
of
UNICEF
1246
P.epublic
projects;
by
,July
People’s
Republic
United
the
of
of
th=
he”
far
11
of
UNRRA
‘
Lanchow
[Hidow
of
,
“will
1949
[formerly
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Sypher
China
establishment
Chairman,
g)
in
to
UNIEEF-aided
Sun
Mission)
??ez.iti~r,?
=erve
as.
Chief
China
physician
aticsn
.ar, d milk
ir,
lChin.a
pi-o dms?s.
>...,
ict,
.,
Tung
Pi.-wu
Ct, airman
of
Relief
blu
and
Hsiao-chuar,
Dr
of
the
CLARA
Mu
CLARfl<s
Rajchman,
Soard
(General)
of
Arpa~
Ur, derstanding
“chopped”
Yun-fu
ir,
by
f)
Tunq
Stiijiazkuan3
1948
Director
‘(in-p,~
and
General
August
Liberated
Letter
UNICEF
Pi-wu
Pkng
(Chinss=
Association)
between
in
CLARA
to
Chairman
take
UNICEF
decision
Shijiazhuang
up
work
to
of
the
in
UNICEF
question
China
suspend
Offic=,
Executi..,e
IDf
with
offices
194S
?t,e
fi?u?-~
,:nf
E@r[=ral
bh~ afte?
China,
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in
1950
Mu
Yun-fu
Signed
of
~
“Jimmy”
Letter.
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(General)
‘(en
a
Y
C
of
to
China
on
Director,
Represent
the
mass
of
with
the
UNICEF
College
Espoused
Understanding
People’s
Executive
Rural
education
IUNICEF
F.epuhl
Board,
19.50
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and
li?srac:y
programmed
Assist
artt
Supply
Officer,
LINICEF
St:.sr,.ah ai
194.s
Head
of
Chinese
Nomirc~ted
“’{lJ
“.(lJ~~
Child
Nelfare
National
to
Department,
Institute
head
the
of
proposed
Healrt,
i,:
~~g~
UNIl~.EF-aided
Zia,
Sarnud
H
Dr
Pek i ng
Iln ion
at
request
on
possible
Medi
of
Dr
causes
cai
( F’IJ!,P{
Iz ]
lCOile,se
Eloesser,
tiarr
of
atal
neo-n
ied
tetan
I g 4<!
nut
study
u.=
.r,
lJnited
Relief
Nation=
(uNRRA)
Administration
nstions
1344
-
1945
signing
UNRRA
then
opens
moues
heqins
Nedi
off
i t=
aerations
Charter
at ian
of
snd
lJnited
efforts
!?et,
abilitati,:,n
,zreated
with
44
agreement
ice
in
C.hon.3qir,
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g
to
du?-ir,
ShanqF,.a:
.g ,,. ).=?-:
.sfi,a
February
UNRRA
1947
. .
Nelfare
Social
Division
Affairs
assistance
March
1347
pls”n
in
Mini%try
of
Mr
Socisl
LINI?RA
at
in
:September
octfiber’
1947
1947
19
December
Eecember
1947
1347
cash
still
in
propo%es
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not
of
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consideration
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to
head
Fending
IJNICEF
his
ser,.je
as
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ar, d iYr5
of
$wi%s
chief
to
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head
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f,~r’
period
yet
available
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.aati
iwould
progrsmrne
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still
Marcel
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stsrt
Chir,a
of
under
use
supplies
SD
Appointment
Dr
and
operating,
date
China
for
of
requ=st=
3-year
funds
UNICEF
to
5
notes
later
programme
~ffairs
covering
Pate
Ministry
China
$150,000,000.
projects
helps
approves
first
UNICEF
Mission
sur3eon
and
in
in
Far
allora?i,]fi
in
Shartqhai
Interim
I?epresentsti$ve
t“lcCIor, ald
ir,
I:t,ir,a
Ir,?err,atior:.si
East
selected
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arrival
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(.E.~55jO)
delegate
M:5sion
f~r
will
,
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accumpzr,:y
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...
April
1948
UNICEF
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Headquarters
24
April
1“94S
First
in
2S
April
194S
devotes
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M+)
1948
UNICEF
1
Eoard
of
contrcl
UNICEF
Child
G’asic
25
session
child
Executive
direct
to
at
New
Chin+
feeding
China
Mr
CKKU,
of
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.ero~iamr,ne
centrss.
.“’
c,per!=d
1943
UNICEF
.June
194S
Dr
by
representing
Junod
of
Feeding
makes
ties
not
fiar
,Jn,ie?
opened
in
and
the
Social
for
Hankou
R.spuhLi;
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and
#ffairz,
b:)
fcy
.
Child
zlJthOri
$5CI!3,.COtI.
areas
LINICEF
Dr
Minister
Junod
“in
Centres
between
signed
aside
Governrnent’<
Feeding.
Government
May
sets
programmed
Agreement
of
the
meeting
Nanjing
establishment
16
Committee
ini
thrnugh
CLARA.
Centres
tizl
apened
liaiz.on
tlr
Lin
Chung
in
Shanghai
wi t,h
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(ir!
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*
2
Joune
194S
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child
feeding
centres
opened
in
<C!ingdao)
!J”u1 !2 154:3
15
Auqu5t
1?43
Republic
22
August
1948
cotton
to
work
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‘5600,000
program
●
of
Korea
Fro3ect
with
inaugurated
LINICEF
Advisory
worth
wPCflntmerl
China
raw
Of
Mission
Committee
of
t
c~ttc,r,
in
Nur.man
and
China
p?acure,j
for
Herr,
24
N~vember
194S
Dr
Eloesser
reports
training
courses
Red
tak?:.
&rrny
}JNICEF
Field
office
first
UNICEF-aided
health
opened
Tiar,
j:n
remains
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open:
tsin]
.Jear,
Sc.hiliir,
~,
Representative
Comrnunis.
tz
OCC,JPY
UNICEF
office
UNICEF
Field
chia~~
f,=i-=hek
Beij:r,
remains
S
(“Peiping”):
open;
Helen
DrlJrnmond,
Representative
resign~.
pre~i
den cy
arid
le.~,.,e~
February
.
1949
“-
Nationalist
Government
southward
24
March
1949
Fed
out
Army
1949
John
of
14
April
1949
and
health
24
April
1949
P.ed
Army
Tlver
1949
John
in
E.
1343
Health
a<.
F,~iicy
Pro~ramme:
training:
control:
t,JtIer,zul,lsi.~
fly
and
after
E.ed
Dcnald
remains
open;
contin,~e
in
operation
Merr:vman
III,
Admir,
Shanghai
leaves
r4ay
hffice
China
welfare
Nanjir,g
Office
following
16-17
tt,e
corIzrc,l:
soya
.ar,,d
mil?.~
cros.sing
‘Yar,;zi
unopposed
eentres
May
for
on
3oat’s,milk
take~
UNICEF
15
and
use
Beijing
Committee
kala-azar
promorion
of
Of fic~r
proposals
control;
capital
UNICEF
Sup Dly
Joint
discusses
Child
Taiyuan,
joins
UNICEF/WHO
mcv:n.~
Shanxi
Painter
Transport
start
Nanjing
occupies
provir,ce
April
of
personnel
and
Dr
Acting
Junod’s
Chief
departure
child
fe~dir,.q
istrati~,
of
e
10ffi,~er
M1=.=.iC,rl
fc, r
N(HQ,
Chins
Army
er, ters
K Faris,
Har, k.ou
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Field
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issue
settle,d
-.,,
21
May
Jean
1949
Tianjin
Red
Army
Represer,tative
Red
Field
July
August
1549
1949
at
White
PacIPr
Q.ir, g-dao;
&erges.,
child
Elsie
Health
Tongxiar,
State.
)JNI CEF
fee,din~
Mo!)l. s,
!J?41;EF
agencies
Attend=
Simon
lea,.!e.s
Czmtor C
er, rered
of-
and
Leighton
Chir,
anti
.5 2?
Field
most
lCC/mmurl i .:t
reli~f
lea,?es.
to
las,.~e
meeting
c:,ir,=
i>
rim;.!
I.qtpr.
LINICEF
t-lzrc es.
.=?.d
lChina
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of
of
}.kti:,r,al~st)
years.
joins
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.am~,,r,ts.
Stuart
Board
Oepartm,er::
other
decides
IJNICEF
Polak,
of
(mostly
Executive
to
Car, ?on
,m>n trnl
China
regretfully
ret,jrr,s
Cer?r.s
States
UNRP.G
to
J.
IJNICEF
;
United
statements.
through
Ambassador
York
by
Includes
Eloesser
Training
(Tunqchow)
iss,~e,j
provided
U.S.
Dr
?cln=.ed
operation
UNICEF-aided
welfare
1“945
in
enter<
begun
aid
September
Mm
ir,
Representative
Second
of
;
centres.
reports.
continue
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Representati,,e
feeding
Shanghai
er, ters
centres
Field
“child
reports.
Field
16
UNICEF
Schilling,
msinl. sr,,d
in
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Ear, gk.l:+.
lCt, ir, a
4.,rnds:-
?eople’s
.“
Name
30
November
1942
31
Decemb~r
1949
30
January
17
February
1950
1950
Republic
of
capital
of
officially
China
19
JUIY
1330
UNICEF
signs
of
China
in
Nanking
Joint
a
in
Basic
Agreement
Taipeh
in
(Replacing
May
WHO-UNICEF
and
Novemb?r
Liaison
Office
est.=blishe,d
in
Taipeh
Chou
En-lai
General
serve
nominates
of
as.
China’a
Executi,.~e
Tibet
November
1950
Y’un-fu,
Relief
Secretar:,G-
Association
Representative
on
tc
the
:LTJICC5
Board
incorporated
UNICEF
into
Executive
nominee
vote
Feople/s
!&
Board
.as
Board
repeated
-
Wu Yun-fu,
not
member
still
seated
the
Peopl=’s
~vote
to
.==at
results
tie;
China’s
in
Republic
%iling”=
tie;
nominee,
,,
January
1951
-
John
Painter
Closure
February
!Iarch
1951
1951
1951
of
UNICEF
exit”
China
proceeds
,dery
slowly
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last
LINICEF
member
in
New tori
BOWIPS
that
for
IUSe
in
had
beer,
Mission
i~a,je~
at
permit
in
international
Beijing,
Nanjing
to
March
receives
NYHQ
fir=t
staff
China
!L.Jri tes
to
consigr,ment
k~ia-.az.~r
balance
H.ans.,~r,
i ,-,
stib:nc,l
cc, ntroi
shipped;
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in
of
Chin.3
some
14,000
,vial=
follow
Huang
Hua,
Forei3n
as
“Senior
in
China”
chief
Affair=
in
[and
to
matters
relating
cleared
up.
of
Gouernmer(t’s
Nanjing
only]
remain
to
I
requests
LNICEF
in
until
in
China
of
Hans.,qn
Representative
Nanjing
UNICEF
Bureau
all
are
~~
~~t~ber
1-971
General
Assembly
People’s
and
Republic
unexpired
on
of
the
UNICEF
term
-
2758
China
Republic
People’s
China
resolution
to
replaces
Executive
(XXVI)
the
United
the
31
Ju1,,I
China
reopened
Natignz.
R@publi,:
Eu.=rd
until
admit:.
of
fur
1973
I
lgsl
[7]
UNICEF
Office
in
in
Eeijir,,3
I
I
I
May
19S4
UNICEF
Executive
350,000,000
Country
(E/
from
PrC’Sramme
IcEF/19s4/’P/~L
Board
approves
qeneral
fot’
. 22)
the
a
cornmi?ment
resource=.
for
period
12S5-19S9
th$
‘of
lCt:ir,a
-
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1,
.
.
in
Ct:im~,
1s47-1951
.! ., ,.,
.-..
..
Br,~wn,
Colin
-
China
London
Charnow,
Jot,n
-
1977,
Hi=torv
-—
1965,
wri
tieinernan
1349-1976,
nal
Ec,ob.~.,
191PP
of
23GPP
t ten
Educatic,
by
UNICEF
—!.
(Sect
Margaret
(draft)
iofis
236
pp
,:on R~gic,r:al
Gaan
UNICEF,
,N’iHl;;,
Deuei:’c,ri$er:
c
!JN I ICEF
Stanford
University
duction
ICohen
,
Paul
A
-
Durdin,
Mm
Tillman
J
-
-
The
1343-1950,
East
Institut=,
Uni,.,ersitv,
NY
Leo
Dr
-
to
June
“Report
Suffer
Hard
Blow”,
St,,die<.,
264PP
12S4,
ar!d
“China
Intro-
Asian
!
Commur, ists.
30
Eloesser,
China
NY
@=ian
with
11:=
1967
in
.—
!Jniversit!,,,
Chinese
Press
Index..
His.tor,?
—
Dis.coverinq
Columbia
Cunningham,
and
i ,-, C>; i n.=
?hs
N’i
Uni
ted
Natimr:z
t,~hmb:a
Times
1947
Number
1“,
UNICEF
North
Ch:r!a
Fisi,j
IUN1 CEF
Fan,
J.H
Dr
-
“Communicable
Years
-
Diseases
1923-193711
istration,
,Furthe,
Charlotte
-
Nanking,
(cd.)
-
The
Lim:
ative
.John
-
K
A
Gait,
Edith
RN
-
Preqnanc~2
the
,
Donald
G
-
A@:n-
Es.s.ay=
Con=e~-.-
Republican
Pres~,
Hnuqt,
c,n
IChiw=
157S,
42S::’
ton Mifflin,
Ec,:.?c,r,
and
Hemingway
Guide
Newbornj
for
43
(Seven
editions
3uese,
1954-1353)
and
pp;
UNIPAC
in
Leo
Eloesserl
g
in.g
endin,3
.Januarp
I;our=e
Ct, ildbir
in
Engli=.h
the
t:=,
sr,,l
1361001
Spanish,
Teachir,
an,j
P,~rt’J-
UNICEF-C LSP,A
15S0”
,
T!-ai
IUNIC.
EF
19’50
China
——
Looks
Frer,
ct,
New
York,
1311-1949,
-“!=-,-~
. ~ > .-
Nmdhorr,.
Pregnancy,
“Nidwit_ery
M.arlord
the
1961000
Seijing,
lGillir,
Health
in
Childbirth
,
Teachers
-
..
Rec”ent
(?)
University
Isabel
UNIPAC
F
during
Chanqe,
Fass. aqe,
11:3
127PP
[with
Geiffroy-Dechaurne,
i93S
Alternatives
China
197S,
China
lChi r,.s
National
ts-”of
Harv=rd
pGaibr.sith,
in
i r,
by
Yen
at
..—
Jean
1367!
Hsi-sh.an
Frinceton
the
Norld
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t ,
J
tr
fr,:, rfi
Par! theon
t,he
F30,1k.z. ,
Z’37pp
irr
S,har, ~i
lJr,i\)ersit:y
Fr,~,.,,:rI,ze,
Press,
l?6-
r,-
‘f “The
Distribution
Nanking,
24
-
,4pril
December
C!Rppart
F,:r
status
Foreign
report
Account
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