Water Quality Assessment Report Tanay River 2011

Transcription

LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Resource Management and Development Department
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division
Water Quality Assessment Report
Tanay River 2011
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT REPORT
TANAY RIVER
2011
Prepared by:
Jonathan U. Nicolas – Aquaculturist II
Christine S. Garcia – Environmental Management Specialist II
Ma. Magdalena T. Almonte – Environmental Management Specialist II
Usman Datu F. Mamadra Jr. – Environmental Management Specialist I
Reviewed by:
Jocelyn G. Sta. Ana – OIC, Environmental Laboratory and Research Division
Adelina C. Santos-Borja – OIC, Resource Management and Development Department
For more information, please contact:
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Tel No. 286-61-43
Stn. 1 – Mouth of Tanay River at Brgy. Wawa.
Stn. 2 – Town Proper (Poblacion) Plaza Aldea
Stn. 3 – Manila East Road Bridge (National High-way)
Stn. 4 – Headwater located near the entrance of Daranak National Park
Stn. 5 – Daranak Falls
Figure 1. Location of Tanay River Sampling Stations.
Introduction :
The Municipality of Tanay is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines.
It is located 57 kilometers east of Manila, although a typical commute between Manila and
Tanay will take between one to three hours depending upon traffic conditions. It contains
portions of the Sierra Madre Mountains and is bordered by Antipolo City in the northeast,
Baras, Morong and Teresa in the west, General Nakar (Quezon Province) in the east, and
Pililla, Santa Maria (Laguna province) as well as the Laguna de Bay in the south.
According to the latest census (2007), it has a population of 94,460 people in 15,720
households. The majority of the population consists of Tagalogs who live near Laguna de
Bay, though there is also a significant percentage of mountain dwelling people living in the
northern portions of the municipality. (www.tanay.gov.ph)
Tanay municipality has strong hilly to mountainous areas (30 degrees and above) with an
expanse of approximately 4,188 hectares. These are found covering portions of Barangay
Sta. Inez, Mamuyao, Tinukan, Sto. Nino, San Andres, Cayabu, Laiban, Daraitan and
Sampaloc. Strong sloping or strongly rolling land (18-30 degrees) which are found in
portions of Barangays Plaza Aldea, Kaybuto, Katipunan Bayani, Tabing Ilog, Mag-ampon,
Cuyambay, Sampaloc, Daraitan, Laiban, Mamuyao, Sto. Nino, Tinukan, and San Andres
accounts for 8,471 hectares of the total land area. Moderately sloping or rolling land (8-18
degrees) constitutes 3,100 hectares of the municipality’s total land area. These are found
in Barangays Cayabu, San Andres, Cuyambay, Sampaloc, Plaza Aldea, Daraitan, Laiban,
Tandang Kutyo and Katipunan Bayani. The remaining 7,807 hectares have slopes ranging
from level to undulating. Maximum rainfall usually occurs from June to September. The
average rainfall is 135.5 mm with a peak of 322.2 mm in August and a low 5.3 mm in
April. Relative humidity is 79%. This makes the municipality better than the municipalities
of Laguna, which has an average relative humidity of 81%. Portions of Barangays Kay
Buto, San Isidro, Pinagkamaligan, Plaza Aldea, and the whole of Wawa are affected by
moderate to severe seasonal flooding hazard characterized by more frequent and deeper
run-off water. This takes a week or a few months to subside. Based on the land limitation
map, eroded areas comprise about 749 hectares while erosion-prone shallow soil areas
consist of 1,855 hectares.(R.Vicente et.al, 2010)
In support of the River Rehabilitation Program of LLDA, the Environmental Laboratory
and Research Division (ELRD) staff conducted water quality sampling in Tanay River on
June 19, 2011, to represent the wet season and December 1, 2011, to represent the dry
season.
Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Sampling Stations and Frequency of Sampling:
Monitoring was undertaken on a seasonal basis (wet and dry). Collection of water and
sediment samples for physico-chemical, biological and microbiological analyses was
conducted at the different designated stations identified during the reconnaissance activity
on 17 June 2011 along the stretch of Tanay River. ELRD has established five (5)
sampling stations at various sections of the river and were properly marked using a Global
Positioning System (GPS) device. Sampling stations were named and identified as
follows: Station 1 – Mouth of Tanay River at Barangay Wawa; Station 2 – Plaza Aldea,
Poblacion, beside the Barangay Hall; Station 3 – Manila East Road, National Hi-way;
Station 4 – Headwater, near the entrance of Daranak National Park and Station 5 –
Daranak Falls. The map of the sampling stations is shown in Figure 1.
The assessment of the water quality was done for the purpose of determining the seasonal
variations of the water quality at different stations of the river in terms of the chemical,
biological and bacteriological parameters.
Field Observations and In-Situ Measurements:
Field observations were recorded during the sampling activities for both wet and dry
seasons and are presented in Tables 2 and 3. During the wet season, moderate to fast
flowing waters were observed with water temperature ranging from 26 oC to 28oC. A
sunny weather occurred at the time of sampling. Air temperature was recorded between
27oC to 31oC. Dry season registered a lower level of temperature for both water and air
that ranges from 26oC to 29oC for air and 23oC to 25oC for water. Sunny weather and
moderate to fast flowing waters was observed at the time of sampling.
Actual physical condition of all the stations for wet and dry seasons is presented in Figures
2a to 6b.
2
Stn. 1 – Mouth of Tanay River at Brgy. Wawa.
Stn. 2 – Town Proper (Poblacion) Plaza Aldea
Stn. 3 – Manila East Road Bridge (National High-way)
Stn. 4 – Headwater located near the entrance of Daranak National Park
Stn. 5 – Daranak Falls
Figure 1. Location of Tanay River Sampling Stations.
3
Figure 2a. Tanay River Station 1
Wet Season – June 29, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Air Temperature (oC)
Water Temperature (oC)
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Mouth – Brgy. Wawa
P0315034
1602589
09:35 AM
27
26
Sunny
Moderately flowing
Greenish
Approximately 40m
1.5m
Presence of fish fry along the side,
patches of water hyacinth going to
the lake, floating debris and dried
twigs, residential area
5
Figure 2b. Tanay River Station 1
Dry Season - December 1, 2011
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Mouth – Brgy. Wawa
P0315034
1602589
09:15 AM
29
25
Sunny
Moderately flowing
Greenish brown
Approximately 38m
.75m
With floating garbage
6
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Town Proper, Poblacion (Plaza
Aldea)
P0315160
1603451
09:40 AM
29
27
Sunny
Moderately flowing
Greenish
Approximately 25m
.75m
residential and commercial area,
with floating debris, presence of
fish fry, soil erosion brought by
heavy flushing
7
Figure 3b. Tanay River Station 2
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
With
Depth
Other observations:
Town Proper, Poblacion (Plaza
Aldea)
P0315160
1603451
09:25 AM
29
25
Sunny
Moderately flowing
Greenish
Approximately 24m
.5m
With floating debris, low level of
water
8
Figure 4a.
Tanay River Station 3
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Manila East Road
(National High-way)
P0315920
1604051
10:00 AM
31
25
Sunny
Fast flowing
Greenish
Approximately 15m
.75m
Residential and commercial area,
pebbles to head size stones river
bed, grasses/cogon on both sides
of the banks, presence of garbage
also noted
9
Figure 4b.
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Manila East Road
(National High-way)
P0315920
1604051
10:20 AM
26
25
Sunny
Fast flowing
Clear
Approximately 13m
.3m
Presence of garbage along the
banks
10
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Headwater (near entrance of
Daranak National Park)
P031781
1608658
10:58 AM
30
26
Sunny
Fast flowing
Clear
Approximately 10m
.3m
Presence of few garbage result of
picnic activity, floating
debris/twigs, pebbles to head size
stones river bed, area for
swimming
11
Figure 5b.
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Headwater (near entrance of
Daranak National Park)
P031781
1608658
10:35 AM
27
23
Sunny
Fast flowing
Clear
Approximately 7m
.2m
Rock balancing activity was noted
in the area
12
Figure 6a.
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Daranak Falls
P0317865
1608629
10:48 AM
28
27
sunny
Fast flowing
Clear
Approximately 8m
.75m
Trees on both sides of the river
banks forming shaded areas, dried
leaves/twigs floating, pebbles to
headsize stones river
13
Figure 6b.
Name of Station
GPS Reading (UTM)
Time
Weather
Water Condition
Color of the Water
Width
Depth
Other observations:
Daranak Falls
P0317865
1608629
11:50 AM
27
25
Sunny
Fast flowing
Clear
Approximately 5m
.5m
Rock balancing activity was noted
in the area
14
Results of Physico-Chemical Analyses:
The results of the physico-chemical analyses of the collected water samples are
summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The analytical results were compared to the DENR
Water Quality Criteria for Class C Waters as specified in the DENR Administrative
Order (DAO) No. 34 and below are the findings:
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved Oxygen (Wet/Dry)
10
D.O. mg/L
8
D.O.- WET
6
D.O.- DRY
4
Class "C" (5mg/L
minimum )
2
dw
at
er
Fa
ll s
H
ea
Ta
na
y
M
an
D
ila
ar
an
Ea
st
ak
Ro
ad
ea
Al
d
Pl
az
a
Br
g
y.
W
aw
a
0
Stations
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the water quality parameters used as an indication of
how polluted the water is and how well the water can support aquatic plant and animal
life. DO is the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water and is essential to streams
and lakes.
For the wet season, the dissolved oxygen in all the stations met the minimum criterion
of 5mg/L for Class C waters. This is an indication that the river system has good
quality for fish and other organisms to survive. Likewise, all stations passed the
criterion for D.O. for the dry season.
15
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, measures the amount of oxygen consumed by
microorganisms in decomposing organic matter in water. BOD parameter measures the
organic strength of wastes in water; the higher the BOD concentration, the greater the
degree of organic pollution.
For Tanay, all five stations passed the criterion of 10 mg/L for BOD during the wet
and dry season.
pH
pH (WeT/Dry)
8
pH- WET
pH unit
6
pH- DRY
Class "C" ( 6.5, unit )
4
Class "C" ( 8.5, unit )
2
dw
at
er
Fa
ll s
H
ea
Ta
na
y
M
an
D
ila
ar
an
Ea
st
ak
Ro
ad
ea
Al
d
Pl
az
a
Br
g
y.
W
aw
a
0
Stations
The most commonly measured chemical characteristic of water is its pH since its
changes can alter the aspects of water chemistry. Most rivers have a neutral to slightly
basic pH of 6.5 to 8.5. If the river has pH less than 5.5, it may be too acidic for fish to
survive in, while river with a pH greater than 8.6 may be too basic. Sudden shift in pH
can affect aquatic life since this may indicate presence of contaminants in the river.
However, since some rivers are naturally acidic — or basic — pH may not necessarily
indicate pollution (www.cotf.edu).
16
The pH for all the stations in Tanay is within the acceptable range for Class C waters
for the wet season. As for the dry season, the stations in Daranak Falls and Tanay
Headwater with pH values of 8.6 slightly exceeded the required range.
Oil and Grease
The concentration of dispersed oil and grease in water is an important parameter in
water quality. These can cause surface films and shoreline deposits leading to
environmental degradation, which can result to human health risks when discharged to
surface and ground water.
Both stations in Brgy. Wawa and Manila East Road failed to comply with the criterion
for Oil and Grease during the wet season. This may be due to wastes coming from
nearby community. But for the dry season, all stations passed the criterion for oil and
grease.
Nitrate and Inorganic Phosphate
Nitrate (Wet/Dry)
12
10
Nitrate-WET
Nitrate, mg-N/L
8
6
Nitrate-DRY
4
Class "C" (10 mg/L)
2
dw
at
er
Fa
ll s
H
ea
Ta
na
y
M
an
D
ila
ar
an
Ea
st
ak
Ro
ad
ea
Al
d
Pl
az
a
Br
g
y.
W
aw
a
0
Stations
17
0.5
0.4
Ino rganic P ho sphateWET
0.3
Ino rganic P ho sphateDRY
0.2
Class "C" (0.4 mg/L)
0.1
at
er
dw
H
ea
Ta
na
y
M
an
D
ila
ar
an
Ea
st
ak
Ro
ad
ea
Al
d
Pl
az
a
y.
W
aw
Br
g
Fa
ll s
0
a
Inorganic Phosphate, mg-P/L
Inorganic Phosphate (Wet/Dry)
Stations
Phosphates and nitrates are required to maintain the growth and metabolism of plants
and animals. However, in excess amounts, these nutrients are proven harmful.
Nutrients enrichment or eutrophication is a main cause in the destruction of bodies of
water. This causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce more rapidly, resulting in
algal blooms which disrupt normal ecosystem functioning and cause many problems
like depletion of dissolved oxygen, blocking of sunlight from photosynthetic marine
plants and producing toxins that are harmful to higher forms of life (www.waterpollution.org.uk/eutophica).
All stations passed the criteria for nitrates and phosphates for the wet and dry season.
Chloride
350
300
Chlo ride-WET
250
200
Chlo ride-DRY
150
100
Class "C" (350 mg/L)
50
at
er
dw
H
ea
Ta
na
y
M
an
D
ila
ar
an
Ea
st
ak
Ro
ad
ea
Al
d
Pl
az
a
y.
W
aw
Br
g
Fa
ll s
0
a
Inorganic Phosphate, mg-P/L
Chloride (Wet/Dry)
Stations
Chlorides are salts resulting from the combination of the gas chlorine with a metal.
Some common chlorides are sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride
18
(MgCl2). Chlorine which is commonly used as a disinfectant is highly toxic. In
combination with a metal such as sodium it becomes essential for life. Small amounts
of chlorides are required for normal cell functions in plant and animal life. Chlorides
may get into surface water from several sources like rocks containing chlorides;
agricultural runoff; wastewater from industries; oil well wastes; effluent wastewater
from wastewater treatment plants, and road salting. High level of chlorides can
contaminate fresh water streams and lakes wherein fish and aquatic communities
cannot survive. (www.state.ky.us/nrepc/water/ncpel.htm)
All the stations for Tanay showed low concentration of chloride during the wet and dry
season, thus passing the criterion for chloride which is 350 mg/L.
19
Table 1. Results of the Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Samples from Tanay River: WET season
STATIONS
PARAMETERS
pH, units
Total Suspended Solids, mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L
Total Solids, mg.L
Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L
Biochemical Oxygen Demand,
mg/L
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L
Oil/Grease, mg/L
Ammonia, mg/L NH3-N
Nitrate, mg/L NO3-N
Inorganic Phosphate, mg/L
Total Phosphorus, mg/L
Total Nitrogen, mg/L
Chloride, mg/L
Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L
Calcium Hardness, mg CaCO3/L
Total Hardness,mg CaCO3/L
Turbidity, NTU
Conductivity, uS/cm
DENR Class C Water
Stn. 1
7.0
15
248
263
<4
3
Stn. 2
7.0
17
253
270
<4
4
Stn. 3
7.1
17
223
240
<4
2
Stn. 4
7.5
9
217
226
<4
<2
Stn. 5
7.0
14
211
225
<4
2
Quality Criteria
6.8
3
0.1312
0.9510
0.3061
0.3061
3.9
11
188
128
192
9
405
7.2
2
0.1225
1.0446
0.2740
0.277
5.6
11
180
116
188
11
399
7.3
3
0.1598
0.8773
0.3265
0.3265
3.9
11
176
112
188
9
385
7.8
2
0.0458
0.5057
0.0843
0.1089
4.3
11
180
100
184
6
375
8.1
1
0.0141
0.3455
0.0044
0.0216
3.2
7
172
100
168
7
358
5 (minimum)
2
*
10
0.4
*
*
350
*
*
*
*
*
6.5-8.5
<30 (increase)
*
*
*
10
*Note: No set DENR Class C Water Quality Criteria
21
Table 2. Results of the Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Samples from Tanay River: DRY season
STATIONS
PARAMETERS
pH, units
Total Suspended Solids, mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L
Total Solids, mg.L
Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L
Biochemical Oxygen Demand,
mg/L
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L
Oil/Grease, mg/L
Ammonia, mg/L NH3-N
Nitrate, mg/L NO3-N
Inorganic Phosphate, mg/L
Total Phosphorus, mg/L
Total Nitrogen, mg/L
Chloride, mg/L
Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L
Calcium Hardness, mg CaCO3/L
Total Hardness,mg CaCO3/L
Turbidity, NTU
Conductivity, uS/cm
DENR Class C Water
Stn. 1
7.9
4
272
276
8
2
Stn. 2
8.1
5
284
289
12
2
Stn. 3
8.4
8
262
270
16
<2
Stn. 4
8.6
10
261
271
16
<2
Stn. 5
8.6
6
226
232
12
<2
5.6
<1
0.2329
1.4822
0.2585
0.2585
4.6
11
192
120
196
2
366
8.2
<1
0.2626
1.662
0.2559
0.2559
4.0
15
184
112
200
2
360
8.0
<1
0.1447
1.5902
0.1876
0.1876
3.9
11
184
88
208
2
341
8.0
<1
0.1464
0.4387
0.0680
0.156
4.5
15
184
116
200
2
335
8.1
<1
0.2031
0.7227
0.0079
0.2342
4.7
4
160
96
200
1
331
Quality Criteria
6.5-8.5
<30 (increase)
*
*
*
10
5 (minimum)
2
*
10
0.4
*
*
350
*
*
*
*
*
*Note: No set DENR Class C Water Quality Criteria
22
Results of Biological Analyses:
Table 6a to 6d present the algal and benthic population of Tanay River and its water
quality assessment.
Phytoplankton or Microscopic Algae (Dry and Wet Season)
Phytoplankton also known as microalgae, are similar to terrestrial plants that contain
chlorophyll and requires sunlight in order to live and grow. Most phytoplankton are
buoyant and occupies the upper portion of the water column where sunlight
penetrates the water and requires inorganic nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates, and
sulfur which in effect are converted into proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
In a balanced ecosystem, phytoplankton provides food for a wide range of aquatic life
including fish, shrimps and snails.
When too many nutrients are available,
phytoplankton may grow out of control and form harmful algal blooms (HABs). These
blooms can produce extremely toxic compounds that have harmful effects on fish,
shellfish, mammals, birds, and even to people.
Phytoplankton is also considered as water quality indicator of an ecosystem such as
lakes and rivers. Phytoplankton communities are sensitive to changes in their
environment and, therefore, phytoplankton total biomass and many phytoplankton
species are used as indicators of water quality (e. g. Olrik, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2002;
Brettum and Andersen, 2005).
Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton samples
collected in Tanay River during the dry season, three (3) stations were classified as
polluted in terms of algal composition and percentage contribution. Stations 2, 3 and 5
gave a total of 3171, 45784 and 1364 counts per ml of polluted algae identified as
Nitzchia sp.and Gomphonema sp. with percent contribution of 75, 90.6 and 50
respectively. Station 5 was also classified as polluted water with only 50% algal
contribution from polluted water indicator since 50% from unclassified algae was
identified. However, only station 4 (Headwater) was classified as clean water based on
the algal composition identified as Navicula sp. Station 1 was dominated by
Glenodinium sp. with total counts of 1110 per ml. It was however observed that based
on the water quality condition during the wet season, no significant difference was
recorded in the stretch of Tanay River.. It is worth mentioning that Station 4
maintained its classification as clean water. The algal population is mainly clean water
indicator. Stations 1,2,3 and 5 were all classified as polluted waters since polluted
water indicators dominate the algal population. Nitzchia sp. was the only algae
recorded in Stations 2 and 5 as compared to only 75 and 50 percent in same stations
during the dry season, respectively.
Benthic Fauna (Dry and Wet Season)
Benthic fauna are organisms that dwell in the bottom of any water body. Tanay River
was classified according to the benthic populations as Clean Water Indicator (CWI),
Moderately Polluted Indicator (MPWI), and Polluted Water Indicator (PWI).
23
During the dry season, Station 1 was relatively the most diversified with five (5)
species identified with a total of 808 counts per liter with Physa gyrina as the most
dominant. Station 1 was classified as polluted with 82.30 percent of the population
belonging to the Polluted Water Indicator. Station 2 was classified as moderately
polluted with 100 percent moderately polluted benthic indicators with Melonoides
tuberculatus as the dominant species. Station 3, 4 and 5 were classified as clean water
with 75, 100 and 100 percent clean water indicator identified respectively with Caenis
sp and Baetis sp as the dominant species.
Likewise, during the wet season it was observed that Station 1 has improved its water
quality from polluted to moderately polluted based on the identified benthic fauna
population .Stations 2,3,4 and 5 maintained its classifications as moderately polluted
and as clean water, respectively. In terms of water quality, Tanay River has shown a
little bit of improvement especially in Station 1 from polluted during the dry season to
moderately polluted during the wet season.
Table 3. Results of Biological Analyses of Water Samples
3a.
Summary of Water Quality
Phytoplankton/Algal Population
Assessment
in
Tanay
River
Based
on
Wet Season
Stations
1
2
3
4
5
Location
Mouth, Brgy. Wawa
Plaza Aldea
Manila East Road
Headwater
Daranak Falls
CWA
718
0
2153
753
0
Counts (organism/sq.m.)
OTHER
PWA
S
TOTAL
2153
0
2871
789
0
789
2871
0
5024
0
0
753
861
0
861
%
CWA
25.0
0.0
42.9
100.0
0.0
% Contribution
%
PWA % OTHERS
75.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
57.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
Water
Quality
Assessment
Polluted
Polluted
Polluted
Clean
Polluted
CWA
0
1057
2368
2153
0
Counts (organism/sq.m.)
OTHER
PWA
S
TOTAL
0
1110
1110
3171
0
4228
45784
2368
50520
0
718
2871
1364
1364
2728
%
CWA
0.0
25.0
4.7
75.0
0.0
% Contribution
%
PWA % OTHERS
0.0
100.0
75.0
0.0
90.6
4.7
0.0
25.0
50.0
50.0
Water
Quality
Assessment
Not Classified
Polluted
Polluted
Clean
Polluted
Dry Season
Stations
1
2
3
4
5
Location
Mouth, Brgy. Wawa
Plaza Aldea
Manila East Road
Headwater
Daranak Falls
Notes:
CWA - Clean Water Algae
PWA - Polluted Water Algae
Others - Algae not classified as CWA or PWA
24
3b. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytoplankton or Algae
Wet Season
Phytoplankton/Algae
Identified
(counts/sq.m.)
Clean Water Indicator
Division Bacillariophyta
Navicula sp.
Sub Total
Sampling Stations
Stn. 1
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
718
718
0
0
2153
2153
783
783
0
0
2153
2153
789
789
2871
2871
0
0
861
861
2871
789
5024
783
861
Polluted Water Indicator
Nitzschia sp.
Sub Total
TOTAL
Dry Season
Phytoplankton/Algae
Identified
(counts/sq.m.)
Clean Water Indicator
Sampling Stations
Stn. 1
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
0
0
1057
1057
2368
2368
2153
2153
0
0
Division Cyanophyta
Spirogyra sp.
0
1057
0
0
0
Gomphonema sp.
Nitzschia sp.
Sub Total
0
0
0
1057
1057
3171
2368
43416
45784
0
0
0
0
1364
1364
Stephanodiscus sp.
Synedra sp.
1110
0
0
0
1579
789
0
0
0
682
Division Pyrrophyta
Glenodinium sp.
Sub Total
0
1110
0
0
0
2368
718
718
682
1364
TOTAL
1110
4228
50520
2871
2728
Navicula sp.
Sub Total
Polluted Water Indicator
Note: Number of algae is expressed in organism per square meter.
25
3c.
Summary of Water Quality Assessment in Tanay River Based on Benthic
Population
Wet Season
Station
CWI
Counts
MPWI
PWI
Total
% Contribution
%CWI
%MPWI
%PWI
Water Quality
Assessment
Stn. 1
0
286
0
286
0
100
0
Moderately
Polluted
Stn. 2
0
334
48
382
0
87.43
12.57
Moderately
Polluted
Stn. 3
33
0
11
44
75
0
25
Clean
Stn. 4
99
0
0
99
100
0
0
Clean
Stn. 5
55
0
0
55
100
0
0
Clean
Dry Season
Station
CWI
Counts
MPWI
PWI
Total
% Contribution
%CWI
%MPWI
%PWI
Water Quality
Assessment
Stn. 1
0
143
665
808
0
17.70
82.30
Polluted
Stn. 2
0
381
0
381
0
100
0
Moderately
Polluted
Stn. 3
22
0
11
33
75
0
25
Clean
Stn. 4
77
0
0
77
100
0
0
Clean
Stn. 5
55
0
0
55
100
0
0
Clean
Notes:
Stn. 1
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
CWI
MPWI
PWI
- Tanay River mouth
- Plaza Aldea, Tanay, Rizal
- Manila East Road (National Hi-way)
- Headwater (near entrance of Daranak National Park)
- Daranak Falls
- Clean Water Indicator
- Moderately Polluted Water Indicator
- Polluted Water Indicator
26
3d. Qualitative and Quantitative of Benthic Fauna
Wet Season
Organisms
(# of individual/sq.m.)
Stn. 1
Sampling Stations
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
33
33
Clean Water Indicator (CWI)
Order Ephemeroptera
Family Baetidae
Baetis sp.
Family Caenidae
Caenis sp.
Order Plecoptera
Family Perlidae
Order Hemiptera
Family Gerridae
22
TOTAL CWI
Moderately Polluted Indicator (MPWI)
Class Gastropoda
Family Thiaridae
Melanoides tuberculatus
Thiara sp.
Family Viviparidae
Viviparus viviparous
Family Planorbidae
Hippeutis umbilicalis
TOTAL MPWI
33
48
95
48
190
143
48
33
22
44
22
99
77
48
286
334
Polluted Water Indicator (PWI)
Class Gastropoda
Family Physidae
Physa gyrina
48
Class Insecta
Order Diptera
Family Chironomidae
Diamesa sp.
TOTAL PWI
11
48
11
27
Dry Season
Organisms
(# of individual/sq.m)
Stn. 1
Sampling Stations
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
22
33
Clean Water Indicator (CWI)
Order Ephemeroptera
Family Baetidae
Baetis sp.
Family Caenidae
Caenis sp.
Order Trichoptera
Family Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche
Order Hemiptera
Family Gerridae
22
33
22
22
TOTAL CWI
22
77
55
Moderately Polluted Indicator (MPWI)
Class Gastropoda
Family Thiaridae
Thiara scabra
Melanoides tuberculatus
Thiara sp.
Family Planorbidae
Hippeutis umbilicalis
Family Pleuroceridae
Brotia costulata
TOTAL MPWI
95
95
143
48
48
95
143
381
Polluted Water Indicator (PWI)
Class Gastropoda
Family Physidae
Physa gyrina
285
Class Insecta
Order Diptera
Family Chironomidae
Diamesa sp
237
Class Oligochaeta
Family Tubificidae
143
11
665
11
TOTAL PWI
Note: Results of quantitative analysis is expressed in number of individuals per square meter.
28
Table 4. Results of Bacteriological Analyses of Water Samples
Wet Season
Parameters
Total Coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
Detection
of
Escherichia coli
Stn. 1
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
110,000
30,000
5,000
5,000
2,200
50,000
23,000
5,000
5,000
1,700
+
+
+
+
+
Stn. 1
Stn. 2
Stn. 3
Stn. 4
Stn. 5
350,000
540,000
92,000
35,000
35,000
110,000
240,000
24,000
1,300
35,000
+
+
-
+
+
Dry Season
Parameters
Total Coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
Detection
of
Escherichia coli
Note: DAO 34, DENR 1990 Class C Water Quality Criterion for Total Coliforms (TC) is 5,000
MPN/100 ml while none for fecal coliforms
Results of Bacteriological Analyses:
350
540
120,000
Wet
MPN/100 mL
100,000
80,000
Dry
60,000
40,000
WQ Criteria
(TC=5000
MPN/100 mL)
20,000
0
1
2
3
4
5
Stations
29
The results of the microbiological analysis of Tanay River is presented in Table 4.
Water quality assessment for microbiological parameters is based on the Water Quality
Criteria for Class C Waters (DAO 34, 1900) which is set at 5,000 MPN/100 mL.
Based on the results, Stations 1 and 2 exceeded the criterion during the wet season.
Station 1which is located within the residential area wherein the domestic wastes are
discharged directly to the river registered the highest total coliform concentration of
110,000 MPN/100 mL, while station 2 is located in the town proper and within the
residential area also. Station 5 gave the lowest coliform concentration of 2,200
MPN/100 mL. It is located in Daranak Falls, whereby less visitors are coming during
the wet season.
During the dry season, all stations exceeded the set criterion. Station 2 recorded the
highest total coliform with the concentration of 540,000 MPN/100 mL while stations 4
and 5 recorded the lowest both at 35,000 MPN/100 mL. Higher concentration was
recorded during the dry season due to low level of water ( 0.3 m for station 4 and 0.5
m for station 5) occurring due to occasional rains and coliform bacteria are
concentrated during summer.
There is no set criterion for fecal coliforms. Station 1 recorded the highest (50,000
MPN/100 mL) while Station 5 recorded the lowest (1,700 MPN/100 mL) during the
wet season. In the dry season, Station 2 recorded the highest concentration at 240,000
MPN/100 mL while Station 4 recorded the lowest concentration of 1,300 MPN/100
mL for the dry season. Escherichia coli is present in all the stations in both wet and
dry season except in Station 3 in the dry season.
Coliforms are class of bacteria found in our environment, including the feces of man
and other warm-blooded animals. Coliform bacteria are commonly used
as bacterial indicator of water since their presence in water may indicate the possible
presence of harmful, disease-causing organisms. Fecal coliforms are the group of the
total coliforms that are considered to be present specifically in the gut and feces of
warm-blooded animals. Because the origin of fecal coliforms are more specific than the
origin of the more general total coliform group of bacteria, fecal coliforms are
considered a more accurate indication of animal or human waste than the total
coliforms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major species in the fecal coliform group. E.
coli is considered to be the species of coliform bacteria that is the best indicator of
fecal pollution and on the possible presence of pathogens (Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed.)
Conclusion and Recommendations:
Based on the results of the chemical analyses, only Station 1 (Brgy. Wawa) and Station
3 (Manila East Road, National Highway) representing the wet season failed to meet
the water quality criterion set in the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) Administrative Order (DAO) 34 in terms of oil and grease with a
measured value of 3 mg/L. All other remaining stations passed the criteria. Water
quality assessment based on the result of biological parameter showed that only station
4 (Headwater) recorded as clean for both wet and dry season. Stations 1, 2, 3 and 5
appeared to be polluted in terms of algal counts and moderately polluted in benthic
30
population. However, Station 5 (Daranak falls) also indicates clean water in terms of
its invertebrates community. Among the five (5) stations identified along the stretch of
Tanay river, Station 5 (Daranak falls) during the wet season was able to comply with
the DAO water quality criterion for Total Coliform with a recorded value of 2,200
MPN/100 mL . All other stations failed to meet the set criterion.
With the presented results based on chemical, biological and microbiological analysis,
Stations 4 and 5 are considered to be clean though Station 5 (wet season) gave an
indication of pollution in terms of phytoplankton analysis. This could be attributed to
the improper use of the Daranak resort. This is an indication that the river system of
Tanay needs to be addressed for a restoration program.
In order to save the deteriorating water quality in some part of Tanay River, it is
strongly recommended that continuous effort to clean up the river must be done
devotedly not only by LLDA and Local Government Unit but also by the community.
Indiscriminate dumping of garbage from the people living along the river banks must
be given strict compliance with corresponding penalties.
Information/Education/Communication campaign must be strengthened by the local
government. The ―Adopt a River‖ program /project and the People’s Organizations in
Tanay must work hand in hand to help in the awareness in realizing the importance of
rehabilitation of Tanay River System.
31
LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Water Quality
Assessment Report
Tanay River 2011

Water Quality Assessment Report Tanay River 2011

Transcription

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