Bio-natural gas as the best solution for urban transport

Bio-natural gas as the best solution for urban transport
EGATEC. Copenhagen
12-13 May, 2011
Manuel Lage, Dr. Eng.
General Manager
Copenhagen. May 2011
1
Advantages of bio natural gas
•
Natural gas is an alternative fuel coming from natural wells. It is mainly
methane (CH4)
•
Biogas is also a methane rich gas, produced by the fermentation of the
biomass, it is then a renewable fuel.
•
Methane contents 25% H and 75% C, in weight
As a comparison,
•
Petrol contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C
•
Diesel oil contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C
•
LPG contents 17,4% H and 82,6% C
Due to its molecular advantage, regulated exhaust emissions and
CO2 are particularly favourable in the engines running on natural gas.
Copenhagen. May 2011
2
CNG. CO2 emission
3,3
3,2
3,15
1,2
3,1
0,97
3
1
3,02
0,87
2,9
2,8
0,75
0,8
0,73
2,75
0,6
kg CO2 / kW·h
kg CO2 / kg fuel
3,2
1,4
2,7
0,4
2,6
2,5
0,2
Diesel
Copenhagen. May 2011
Petrol
LPG
Natural Gas
3
Regulated emissions and CO2 comparison
Reduction % main pollutants of urban areas
100 = petrol
CO2
Carbon dioxide
The use of CNG
reduces substantially
traffic pollution and
contributes to the
reduction of CO2
Due to their
availability through the
network, It does not
require road transport
and storage
100
Diesel
110
10
LPG
90
11
Nat. gas
75
0
-100%
PM10
Particulate matter
100
100
Petrol
-25%
NOx
Nitrogen oxide
Benzene
100
150
46
400
50
42
40
-58%
-60%
-90% vs. diesel
Copenhagen. May 2011
4
Noise emitted by the truck
1
Vehicle #1: IVECO 240E25 6x2 RSU
Vehicle #2: IVECO 240E26 6x2 RSU CNG (EEV)
Refuse collection chassis cab with body
Vehicles laden and compacting
Vehicles stationary
6
2
Vehicle #1
Vehicle #2
dB(A)
7.0 m
5
Microphone
height = 1.5 m
4
Copenhagen. May 2011
3
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
Ave
71 dB(A)
Ave
66 dB(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
(position)
5
Madrid CNG refuse collection fleet
Total fleet in 2006: 445 Iveco CNG trucks
Yearly gas consumption: 10.500.000 Nm3
Reduction of yearly emissions, referred to a Diesel Euro 3:
NOx
CO + HC + PM
CO2
132.391 kg
703.000 kg
2.069.440 kg
6
Food distribution on CNG chassis
Supermarket chains are becoming more
and more sensitive to clean transport of
their own products
Copenhagen. May 2011
7
CNG urban buses
Mercedes Citaro CNG
250 HP. Lean mix engine turbocharged. EEV certified
Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 12 & 18 m
280 CV. Stoichiometric turbo engine. EEV certified
Copenhagen. May 2011
Tedom 12 m. CNG bus
300 HP. Turbocharged. EEV certified
8
CNG urban trucks and buses in Europe
CNG Garbage trucks in Europe
•France
approx. 600
•Switzerland
approx. 20
•Italy
approx. 600
•Spain
approx. 1000
Euro 2 - EEV
Euro 3 - EEV
Euro 3 - EEV
Euro 3-4-5 - EEV
CNG Urban buses in Europe (+Turkey, Russia)
Ita
R ly
us
si
a
Volume and weight of the CNG
tanks limit their use in road
transport.
N
et
he
rla
n
Po d s
rt
ug
G al
re
ec
e
Sp
a
Sw in
e
G de
er n
m
an
Tu y
rk
e
Fr y
an
ce
9000
8000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
20002334
13001333
2000
847 1140
418
1000 135 315
0
In Europe, most of the heavy
vehicles running on NG are
urban, using CNG/biomethane.
Copenhagen. May 2011
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1,34 million CNG Vehicles in Europe total.
NGVs World Market growth. 1991 to 2020
1.500.000
1.400.000
Europe total
1.300.000
1.200.000
1.100.000
1.000.000
EU-27/EFTA
900.000
Europe:
6% growth (end 2010
compared with 2009)
800.000
700.000
600.000
400.000
Rest of
Europe
300.000
200.000
Estimations
500.000
100.000
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
0
m
id 9
20
10
0
13 years, assuming
18% annual growth
80.000
2020
65 M NGVs
(9% market share)
70.000
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
2001
1,7 M NGVs
2007
7 M NGVs
0
1.
99
1
1.
99
3
1.
99
5
1.
99
7
1.
99
9
2.
00
1
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
20
21
20
23
20
25
Worldwide NGVs (.000)
World:
65 M NGVs in 2020!
10 years
15% annual
growth
6 years
26%
annual
growth
Source: www.ngvaeurope.eu
Copenhagen. May 2011
10
Underfloor tanks save space
Many modern cars have CNG tanks
installed underneath the floor, offering the
same internal space for passengers and
luggage than the petrol or diesel
equivalents.
Copenhagen. May 2011
11
European CNG cars
Citroen
Citroën C3 1.4
Style bivalent
Citroën Berlingo
Multispace Plus
Bivalent
Fiat
Fiat Doblò 1.6 16V
Natural Power
Fiat Panda Panda 1.2 8V
Natural Power
Fiat Grande
Punto 1.4 8V
Natural Power
Fiat Doblò Cargo
SX 1.6. 16V
Natural Power
Fiat Doblò Cargo SX
Maxi 1.6 16V Natural
Power
Ford
Ford C-Max
2.0 CNG
Copenhagen. May 2011
Ford Focus
2.0 CNG
Ford Transit 2.3 CNG
12
European CNG cars
Mercedes
Mercedes Benz
B170 NGT
Mercedes Benz
E200 NGT
Mercedes Sprinter
316 NGT + 516 NGT
Opel Zafira 1.6
ecoFLEX Turbo
Opel Combo Tour
1.6 ecoFLEX
Opel
Opel Zafira 1.6
ecoFLEX
Opel Combo 1.6 CNG
ecoFlex
Kastenwagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen Caddy
Life 2.0 Ecofuel
Copenhagen. May 2011
Volkswagen Touran Volkswagen Caddy Maxi Life
2.0 EcoFuel
1.4 TSI EcoFue
Volkswagen Passat
1.4 TSI EcoFuel
Volkswagen Caddy
1.6 CNG Van
13
Natural Gas is the fossil fuel of the future
Peter Voser, CEO of Royal Dutch Shell, Europe’s
biggest oil and gas company,
said on 13th September 2010 at the
World Energy Congress in Montreal:
“Natural Gas is an abundant resource for 250 years and as a fossil fuel it has
the lowest CO2 content. It will therefore play a vital role in electricity
generation and in the transport sector. Natural Gas is the fuel of future.”
Key points:
- More than 50% of Shell’s production in 2012 will be Natural Gas.
- Low taxes for NG need to be secured by policy makers, for both consumers
and the industry to support future investments.
- Globalisation of standards is needed.
Copenhagen. May 2011
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The bright future of NGV’s
The development of NGV’s in the medium term future, will follow
five main lines:
–
–
–
–
–
Copenhagen. May 2011
CNG Hybrid Vehicles
Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties
Biogas
LNG for trucks and buses
Methane-Hydrogen mixtures
15
CNG Hybrid Urban buses
Castrosua TEMPUS CNG Hybrid.
New urban bus presented in FIAA Madrid
(November 2010)
The municipality of Madrid
has already passed orders
for 23 CNG-Hybrid buses:
•
13 Castrosua
•
10 Tata Hispano.
Tata Starbus CNG Hybrid,
to be produced in Europe by:
Tata Hispano, Zaragoza, Spain.
Copenhagen. May 2011
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Dual Fuel Technology
•
•
•
•
•
•
Renewed interest in this diesel-natural gas combustion technology
CO2 important reduction. Diesel cycle maintained
Target market: heavy duty trucks and buses
Retrofit market considered too for EURO 2 and 3 vehicles
Options: full diesel operation when no CNG is available
Legislation still under development
Copenhagen. May 2011
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LNG trucks for long distance haulage
Diesel vs CNG & LNG.
Autonomy equivalence
CNG
5 litre
1 litre
Diesel oil
-162OC
LNG
1,8 litre
Two engine technologies are available for heavy engines:
- Dedicated, using 100% natural gas
- Dual fuel, using diesel injection for ignition and
natural gas as the main fuel
LNG opened the way for the medium and long distance road transport
Copenhagen. May 2011
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Refueling Stations L-CNG
Lleida - Spain
L-CNG stations are
a reality in some
parts of Europe
Copenhagen. May 2011
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LNG supply to Europe
Copenhagen. May 2011
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The “Mediterranean LNG Blue Corridor”
The availability of LNG all around the Iberian Peninsula, plus the French
port of Fos (Marseille), and the Italian ones of Panigaglia (near Genova)
and Revigo (near Trieste) constitutes a fantastic existing infrastructure to
cover all the supply needs for road transport around the Mediterranean
arch.
Another corridor could also be imagined from Portugal and Spain to the
north of France, Netherlands, UK, north of Germany and Denmark, once
all the LNG terminals, now under construction, will be in service.
Copenhagen. May 2011
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Biogas. Another source of Natural Gas
• Biogas comes from fermentation processes of biomass (organic
waste, landfills, vegetable and animal feedstock), which produces
methane rich gases.
• Biogas brings together the advantages of natural gas with the
environmental benefits of renewable energy sources.
• Due to the wide different types of sources: forestry, landfills,
agricultural; there is a large and wide potential for biogas
production in Europe, where it is expected to grow significantly in
the coming years.
Copenhagen. May 2011
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Biogas production potential
Among different options of biofuels, biomethane presents the highest efficiency per hectare of land.
A global European estimation shows a potential of 2.750 TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe), made out of 1.500 TWh
(5,4 EJ=130Mtoe) coming from crops, plus another 1.250TWh (4,5EJ=1.108Mtoe) coming from other
sources: sewage, manure, landfills, etc.
If we choose bioethanol instead of biogas we would loose the potential of the waste, sewages, etc
(1.250TWh, 4,5EJ=108Mtoe) and we would also reduce the efficiency of the land by 47%.
In other words we would obtain 800TWh (2,9EJ=70Mtoe) instead of 2.750TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe).
Copenhagen. May 2011
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Big city. Gas consumption vs biogas production
The yearly biogas production of the city is of about 40 mio m3, that
once refined would mean:
22 mio m3 of biomethane
The yearly consumption of natural gas of the complete fleet of 445
garbage collection trucks is:
10,5 mio m3
This volume is enough to fuel the full fleet of garbage collection
(445 units) plus a similar figure of buses. Near 1.000 heavy
urban vehicles!
Copenhagen. May 2011
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Methane/Hydrogen mixtures
Methane/Hydrogen mixture (Hythane, Hydrometano) offers a number of
significant advantages as a bridge solution for a future hydrogen fuelled
transport:
–It can be used in the existing NGV engines and vehicles with minor
engine resetting
–The inboard fuel storage uses the same type of tanks and fittings, with
some specification changes in materials
–The H2 content considered (up to 30%) does not alter the autonomy of
the vehicles
–There is an immediate impact as CO2 emission reduction (- 11%)
–The use of compressed H2 in a “large” basis will push ahead the
development of the hydrogen production and logistics
Copenhagen. May 2011
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The Hythane® buses
Hythane: Natural gas / Hydrogen (80% - 20% by volume)
In service since July 2009
Copenhagen. May 2011
Two units IRISBUS-IVECO with Cursor 8 engine 270 CV.
Gas tanks: 8 x 155 litres each from Dynetek
Autonomy: 300-400 km
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Conclusions
• Natural gas (methane) is an excellent energy vector, with the lowest Carbon to Hydrogen
ratio of all the hydrocarbons. Additionally natural gas is an alternative fuel, having a
different origin from the traditional oil derived diesel, petrol and LPG
• Natural gas is used in existing internal combustion engines, with minor additional
investments, taking advantage of a well known and mature car & commercial vehicle
technology.
Dual Fuel technology offers the possibility of conversion for existing engines
• The increasing production of biomethane, both from urban waste and from agricultural
stuff is giving natural gas the new and valuable consideration of a renewable fuel
• Natural gas has been used so far as CNG mainly for urban applications. The availability of
LNG will spread its use for medium and long distances road transport
• NG vehicles are today the best and most economic, available and technically mature
alternative to oil derived fuels, also improving gaseous and acoustic emissions
• NG is the perfect fuel for fleets having their own filling stations, avoiding any
dependence of the distribution infrastructure.
Copenhagen. May 2011
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See you next June in Berlin!
[email protected]
www.ngvaeurope.eu
Copenhagen. May 2011
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