Quoting for success

Transcription

Quoting for success

B1 Level 1
Quoting for Success
Read about
Anthony’s journey to
finding the sources
he needs to continue
with his project…
CONTENTS
1. Reading strategies
pages
1.1. Skimming
.......................................................... 4
1.2. Scanning
........................................................... 5
................................................................. 6
2. Quoting
2.1. Plagiarism
......................................................... 6
2.2. Quoting styles
.................................................. 7
............................................... 8
2.2.1. Quote in text 2.2.1.1. Direct quote
.......................................... 8
2.2.1.2. Paraphrasing
.......................................... 11
2.2.1.3. Inclusion of images and Graphics ............. 12
2.2.2. The reference list
3. Final Remarks
4. References
5. Credits
....................................... 13
....................................................... 16
............................................................. 17
................................................................... 18
Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013.
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Reading strategies
1. Reading strategies
Well, now that I’ve learned how to use research tools in order to find useful
information to be included in my project as support, it is time for me to write the
justification for my project’s proposal.
I need to include relevant information and research findings… But there’s so
much information about the effectiveness of recycling paper at home! It would
take me forever to go through all of that! What can I do, Professor Brown?
Well Anthony, in order to go through a large amount of information in a shorter
period of time than it would normally take, there are a couple of reading strategies
that you should take into account: SKIMMING and SCANNING.
Both techniques have different steps to be followed in order for you to identify the
most relevant information relatively quickly. Let me show you what the steps are
through a couple of infographics.
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Reading strategies
1.1 Skimming
THE ROAD TO SKIMMING
It consists on moving your eyes very quickly over the text so you can get the main
ideas and a general overview of its content. This helps you to classify relevant
material to be read more carefully later.
Take a look at the steps you need to follow (“Steps in skimming an article”, n.d.,
para.1):
Step 1
Step 2
Read the title.
Read the introduction
Step 4
Step 3
(if any) and look for
Step 6
Step 5
Pay special attention to these words:
Make your eyes run fast
over several lines at once.
- Clue words that answer the questions who, what, when, how, why
- Proper nouns
- Capitalized words
- Enumeration
- Words in italics, boldface, underlined, with an *asterisk, etc.
Step 7
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Reading strategies
1.2. Scanning
THE ROAD TO SCANNING
With this technique, you can locate a specific fact or piece of information without
reading the entire text.
The road to scanning comprehends the following steps (“Steps in scanning an
article”, n.d., para.1):
Step 2
Step 1
Keep in mind what
for at all times.
Anticipate the form in which the
information is likely to appear:
proper nouns, numbers, etc.
Step 3
Step 4
That way, if it is a relatively short or familiar
text, then you will be able to scan it
then you will need to scan it to identify what
the relevant part of the material is.
Step 5
has the information you
need, read it completely.
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Quoting
2. Quoting
Well, after implementing those techniques, I have enough information to
write my project’s justification. There are many people interested in recycling with great ideas and conceptions! I’ll include them in my project…
but how?
That’s a very good question, Anthony! There are many things to consider
when you include ideas and discoveries from other people in an academic
paper or project. Before telling you how to do it, there’s a concept you need
to learn.
2.1 Plagiarism
Take a look at the following situation. Is the politician doing something
incorrect?
the color of their skin but by the content of their character…
That's because it's Martin Luther
for it. Who does he think he's
Hum… That speech
sounds quite familiar…
This guy is clearly taking the lines he’s saying from a very famous speech written
by Martin Luther King. But he didn’t say where he took them from. Representing
someone else’s work as your own and not giving them credit for it is called
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PLAGIARISM.
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Quoting
The same thing happens when you include in your project ideas and/or discoveries
made by someone else and not their names and the sources you obtained the
information from. You have to make sure to include this information, since if you
do not do so, it would be like if you claimed those ideas came directly from your
mind. This constitutes a serious infringement and even a crime.
2.2. Quoting Style
In order to avoid plagiarism, it is necessary to quote properly. For that purpose,
there are many citation styles used in the different fields of knowledge.
The most common ones worldwide are APA, MLA, and VANCOUVER. In this guide,
we will also cover ICONTEC, which is relevant for us as Colombians.
QUOTE: to repeat or copy the words of another person, usually
without acknowledgement of the source (2000).
SOME CITATION STYLES
APA
MLA
(American
Psychological
Association)
(Modern
Language
Association)
VANCOUVER
ICONTEC
(Instituto Colombiano
de Normas Técnicas y
Certificación)
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Quoting
Now, let’s check some generalities about the different types of quotation in each
one of the styles.
2.2.1. Quote in text
In the main body of your project, you will need to quote ideas or discoveries
that help answering your research questions. These ideas and discoveries can be
quoted within a paragraph or at the end of it, and must not be confused with
the reference list (which goes at the end of the project or paper and shows all the
sources you took the information from).
First, I am going to explain how to quote in the main body of your project. There
are two kinds of in-text-quote: direct quote and paraphrasing. Let´s explore them!
2.2.1.1. Direct quote
Here, we include the exact same words the author(s) published in their work. This
is an example of how you would quote Freud using APA:
... in other words:
“
Lorem ipsum, lorem ipsum
”
Freud (1985, p.78).
Each style offers an option to quote less than 40 words. Take a look at the
instructions for each one of the styles and some examples in chart 1:
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Quoting
APA: Include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the
reference (preceded by “p.”).
MLA: Include the author’s name and page numbers.
VANCOUVER: Each piece of quote introduced in your text needs to have a unique
number, assigned in the order of citation. Refer readers to the source with an
Arabic number in brackets. This number corresponds to your reference list at the
end of the project.
ICONTEC: These norms demand you to include the information about the text as
a footnote on the same page.
# OF WORDS
APA
MLA
VANCOUVER
ICONTEC
UNDER 40
- Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper (1961) refers to this
phenomenon as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence” (p.49).
- This phenomenon is best referred to as a “cumulative
collaboration of evidence” (Pepper, 1961, p. 49)
- Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a
“cumulative collaboration of evidence”(49).
- This phenomenon is best referred to as a “cumulative
collaboration of evidence” (Pepper 49).
“cumulative collaboration of evidence”(1).
“cumulative collaboration of evidence”1
1. PEPPER, Stephen C. World Hypotheses. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961, p. 49.
Chart 1: Quoting less than 40 words (information taken and adapted from
“The Purdue OWL: APA Style.”, n.d.).
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Quoting
For quotes of more than 40 words, the different styles follow the same structure as
in the previous examples, but don’t require quotation marks (except VANCOUVER).
When introducing the quote use indentation, as seen in chart 2:
# OF WORDS
UNDER 40
Jones’s (1998) study found the following:
APA
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when
it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be
attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a
style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
Jones’s study found the following:
MLA
style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (199)
Jones’s study (2) found the following:
VANCOUVER
“Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially
when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty
could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to
purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help” (199)
Jones’s study found the following:
ICONTEC
style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (199)1
1. JONES, Book name. City: Press, year, p.#.
Chart 2: Quoting over 40 words (information taken and adapted from “The
Purdue OWL: APA Style.”, n.d.).
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Quoting
2.2.1.2. Paraphrasing
We refer to another person’s idea but don’t write it exactly as they did.
Let’s check how to paraphrase an idea in the style of APA, MLA, VANCOUVER
and ICONTEC. You can find the instructions for each one of the styles and some
examples in chart 3:
Include the author’s name and the year of publication (including
the page number is not mandatory):
APA
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation
format for first-time learners. APA style is a difficult citation
format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).
Include the author’s name and page number:
MLA
VANCOUVER
According to Jones, APA style is a difficult citation format for
first-time learners (199). APA style is a difficult citation format
for first-time learners (Jones199).
Include the author’s name and reference number. You can also
include the page:
According to Jones (3, p 199), APA style is a difficult citation
format for first-time learners.
Include the same information used in the footnotes from the
previous example:
ICONTEC
According to Jones, APA style is a difficult citation format for
first-time learners. 1
1. JONES, Book name. City: Press, year, p.#.
Chart 3: Paraphrasing (information taken and adapted from “The Purdue
OWL: APA Style.”, n.d.).
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Quoting
2.2.1.3. Inclusion of images and graphics
In order to use graphics created by other person, you need to have their written
consent for you to use their work; or you must take the item from a free shared
resources stock. The elements you find in this kind of websites are of free use.
Some of them are:
- www.search.creativecommons.org
- www.shutterstock.com/
- www.stockvault.net/c/graphics
- http://www.freephotosbank.com/
Now, although these images are free, it is necessary to give the author credit. Let’s
say you want to include the following picture of recycling bins in your project:
Then, you need to give credit to the artist when you use his image as a source.
You can also include a comment on the piece, but make sure to include the artist’s
name and year of creation:
Recycling bins for aluminum
cans, scrap metals, plastic
bottles, regular trash and paper.
Taken by epSos.de (2011).
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Quoting
2.2.2. The reference list
In order to help the reader find the source the ideas were taken from, you need
to introduce a reference list at the end of your project, including important
information such as the author’s full name, the name of the book, website, etc.,
year of publication, among others. The following chart shows some examples of
how to include different kinds of sources in your reference list.
RESOURCE
APA
MLA
VANCOUVER
ICONTEC
BOOK
Pollan, M. (2006).
The omnivore’s dilemma
New York, NY: Penguin
Group.
Pollan, Michael.
The Omnivore’s
Dilemma. New
York: Penguin
Group,2006.Print.
Pollan, M. The
omnivore’s dilemma.
New York, NY: Penguin
Group; c2006.
POLLAN, Michael.
The Omnivore’s
Dilemma. New York:
Penguin Group,2006.
ONLINE
BOOK
Milton, J. Paradise
Milton, J.(1667). Paradise
Milton, John.
lost: Book I. [Internet].
lost: Book I. Poetry
Paradise
Poetry Foundation;
Foundation. Retrieved
Lost: Book I.
1667- [updated 2008,
from http://www.
Poetryfoundation.
cited 2008 Dec 14]
poetryfoundation.
org. Poetry
Available from http://
org/archive/poem.
Foundation, 2008. www.poetryfoundation.
html?id=174002
Web. 14Dec.2008.
org/archive/poem.
html?id=174002
MILTON, John.1667.
Paradise Lost: Book
I. [online book]
Available online at
<Poetryfoundation.
org.> [Accessed on
14-12- 2008.]
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Quoting
RESOURCE
IMAGES/
GRAPHICS
WEBSITE
APA
MLA
Goya, F. (1800).
The family of Charles
IV. Museo Nacional
del rado. Retrieved
from http://www.
metmuseum.org/toah/
hd/goya/hd_goya.htm
Goya, Francisco.
The Family of
Charles IV. 1800.
Museo Nacional
del Prado, Madrid.
Museo Nacional
del Prado. Web. 22
May 2006.
Goya, F. Museo
GOYA, F. 1800.
Nacional del Prado.
IV. [Painting]
IV. [image on the
Available online
Internet]. [1800]. [cited
at http://www.
2006 May 22]. Available
metmuseum.org/
from http://www.
toah/hd/goya/hd_
metmuseum.org/toah/ goya.htm<[Accessed
hd/goya/hd_goya.htm
on 22-05-2006]>
United States
Environmental
Protection
Agency. Drinking
Water Standards.
EPA, 8 July 2004.
Web. 24Jan.2006
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency.
UNITED STATES
[Internet]. United
ENVIRONMENTAL
States: US EPA; 2004.
PROTECTION
Drinking water
AGENCY. DRINKING
standards; 2004 [cited WATER STANDARDS.
2006 24 Jan]. [about one
EPA. http://water.
screen] Available from
epa.gov/drink
http://water.epa.gov/
drink
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency.
(2004, July). Drinking
water standards.
Retrieved from US EPA
websitehttp://water.epa.
gov/drink
VANCOUVER
ICONTEC
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Quoting
RESOURCE
APA
MLA
VANCOUVER
ICONTEC
Youtube video:
Youtube video:
Murphy, B. (2008,
September 19).
Tips For a good profile
piece.”[YouTube].
Project: Report.
Retrieved from http://
www.youtube.com/
watch?v=cuA2VcdqB9k/
Youtube video:
Film:
Film:
Guggenheim, D.
(Director), &Bender,L.
(Producer). (2006).
An inconvenient
Truth [DVD]. United
States:Paramount Home
Entertainment
An Inconvenient
Truth. Dir. David
Guggenheim.
Narr.AlGore.
Paramount,2006.
DVD.
Murphy, Beth.
“Tips for a Good
Profile Piece.”
Project: Report.
YouTube,7Sept.
2008. Web.19
Sept. 2008.
MEDIA
Murphy, Beth. Tips
Youtube video:
for a Good Profile
MURPHY, B. 2008,
Piece. Project: Report.
September 19.
[Internet]. [Place
Tips For a good
unknown]: [Publisher
profile piece.
unknown]: 2008
[YouTube].Retrieved
Sept 7 [cited 2008
from http://www.
Sep 19]- Streaming
youtube.com/
video: 8:57 min.
tch?v=cuA2VcdqB9k
Available from: http://
www.youtube.com/
watch?v=cuA2VcdqB9k/
Film:
Film:
An Inconvenient Truth.
[Film] Directed by:
David Guggenheim.
USA: Paramount; 2006.
GUGGENHEIM, D.
An inconvenient
Truth[film]. Produced
by L .Bender, United
States: 2006. 1 DVD,
44:43, color.
Chart 4: Citation in the reference list, adapted from “ The Purdue OWL:
Citation Chart”, created by J. King
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Final Remarks
3. Final Remarks
All right, thanks to Professor Brown, I think I learned everything I need to write my
project’s justification. I will make sure to remember:
- I need to stick to a single citation style while writing my project.
- I need to look for ways of making my project interesting to the reader. There are many
resources I can make the best out of.
- I have to give credit to the people who came up with the ideas I include in my project
by following the norms stated by the citation style of my preference.
- Do my best when writing my project. My effort will surely pay off!
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References
4. References
- Documenting Sources: The Vancouver Style (2012). Retrieved from:
http://www. ucalgary.ca/ssc/files/ssc/BMJ%20Vancouver%20Style%20-%20May%202012.pdf
- EpSos.de (2011). Recycling bins. Retrieved from:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/5693012875/
- King R., J. (n.d). The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart. Retrieved from:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20110928111055_949.pdf
- MLA Style Aid. (n.d.) Retrieved from:
https://www.wou.edu/provost/library/clip/mla/
- Quote [Def. 1]. (n.d.). In The Free Dictionary, Retrieved from:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quote
- Skimming and Scanning: Reading and Studying Skills Lab (n.d.). Retrieved from:
http://www.aacc.edu/tutoring/file/skimming.pdf
- The Purdue OWL: APA Style. (n.d). Retrieved from:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
- Urban, B. (2012). Normas ICONTEC para trabajos escritos. Retrieved from:
www.colconectada.com/normas-icontec/
- Vancouver Style (n.d.). Retrieved from:
http://www.bcit.ca/files/library/pdf/bcit-vancouverstyle.pdf
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Credits
5. Credits
Pedagogical direction:
Paul Cifuentes Velázquez
Carlos Javier Amaya
Direction of Art:
César Augusto Páez Ramos
ICT leadership:
Yeison Ospina Marín
Quality Management:
Juan Carlos Rojas Lozada
Ingrid Carolina Flórez Urzola
Giovanni Martin
Document composition:
Vanessa Sánchez Guayazán
Content support:
Vanessa Sánchez Guayazán
Multimedia development:
Daniela Vives
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Quoting for success

Transcription

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