Tutorial on Multimedia content distribution and protection
Transcription
Tutorial on Multimedia content distribution and protection
ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Tutorial on Multimedia content distribution and protection Paolo Nesi DISITDISIT-DSI, Distributed Systems and Internet Technology Lab Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Informatica, Università Università degli Studi di Firenze Via S. Marta, 3, 50139 Firenze, Firenze, Italy Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Web: http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it//, http://www.dsi.unifi.it/~nesi http://www.dsi.unifi.it/~nesi,, Office: +39+39-055055-4796523, Fax: +39+39-055055-4796363 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 1 Preface O O O O Currently, the digitaldigital-content market is growing very fast and it needs solutions of production, protection and distribution of massive content collections. This is a real challenge for many industries that are discovering the complexity of managing large digital content factories and distribution chains. Content producers, providers, aggregators and distributors constantly need to adopt innovative means of increasing efficiency in order to reduce cost and to cope with large scale traffic. Possible solutions to this challenge could be found by automating, accelerating and restructuring production and protection processes. Such solutions will enable the production processes to be faster and cheaper, while at the same time providing new capabilities to support safer distribution. Duration 8:30 – 12:00 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 2 O The tutorial is mainly focused on presenting the major problems, architectures and solutions for content production, protection and distribution. O The experience of the speaker mainly refers refers to a set of international research and development projects such as WEDELMUSIC, MUSICNETWORK and AXMEDIS in which technologies for the production, protection and distributions of digital content have been analyzed and developed for the major European industries of the sector. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 3 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 1 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Summary O O O O O Business and Value Chains Architectures for Content Distribution ♣ General architecture for content distribution ♣ Architectures for Single Channel ♣ Multichannel Architecture ♣ SuperSuper-Distribution Concepts ♣ Content Sharing ♣ Distribution/transaction models, Business models Content Production and Packaging ♣ Content Models and Packaging ♣ Content Gathering from Content Management Systems ♣ Content Adaptation ♣ Content production with GRID support ♣ Content queries, indexing Content Protection and Tracking ♣ Registration, Certification and Verification/Authentication ♣ Digital Rights Management ♣ Formalizing and Processing Licenses ♣ Supervising tools for protection, tracking, black lists ♣ Accounting and event reporting Examples that have been considered ♣ Apple ii-TUNES ♣ AXMEDIS/WEDELMUSIC ♣ DMP ♣ MPEGMPEG-21 ♣ Windows Media ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 4 OBusiness and Value Chains ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 5 Business and Value Chains Content Type and fruition paradigm O Distribution of the Business O Not on Content for Entertainment O The Network for Business transaction or for Consumers O Some Examples of Value chains O Content exploitation for the end users O ♣ MPEG Multimedia Middleware, M3W ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 6 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 2 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Content and channels Source EITO2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 7 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 8 Western European Online Content revenues Source EITO2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 9 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 3 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Emerging On Line Music Value Chain Source EITO2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 10 Emerging Broadband VOD value chain Source EITO2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 11 Emerging On Line Gaames value chain Source EITO2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 12 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 4 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial The Media Usage at home Source EITO2005 13 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi M3W: MPEG Multimedia Middleware O O O O O M3W Standardization of the APIs for components and their interaction Dynamic management of Components Replacement of Components Consumer Electronics devices First Working Draft for the next MPEG Meetings ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 14 State of the art for Media Centers Open Source (GPL) Proprietary closed – Example MythTV, MediaPortal, etc. – Example MCE – Open source code – Closed source code – Liberal extendibility – Vendor controlled – Short ttm, strong user driven community and innovation – Limited extendibility, large (industry) ecosystem – No Trustworthiness, limited Industry support, immature – Weak differentiation – Proprietary standards – “Open standards” – IP revenues – Royalty free – OS: Linux, Windows – OS: Windows MCE, XP, CE ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 15 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 5 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial HomeHome-network of devices scenario QDISITDISIT-M3W MultiMedia CE Application M3WRunTime Remotable M3WComps PC MM devices Applications M3WRunTime Downloadable/Remotable M3WComps Home Home WLAN WLAN Application Home Storage Component Vendors M3WRunTime Downloadable M3WComps Internet Internet M3WRunTime Downloadable M3WComps 16 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi DISIT M3W a distributed solution Multimedia Application X Multimedia Application Y static or dynamic linking static or dynamic linking Component A for PLATFORM Component A for PLATFORM Component B for PLATFORM Service 1 Service 1 Service 3 Service 2 Service 2 Multimedia Platform ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 17 Major Related Organisations O Standardisation Bodies for elements ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ MPEGMPEG-2, MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) MI3P (ID and licensing aspects) OASIS (Organisation (Organisation for advancement in Structured Information Standards) ♣ TVTV-AnyTime (DVB… (DVB….) O Associations/organization: ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O OeB (Open eBook Forum) CRF (Content Reference Forum) WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) WSWS-I (Web Services Interoperability Organisation) ISMA (Internet Streaming Media Alliance) CC (Creative Commons) Projects on Architecture and Value chain solutions ♣ AXMEDIS Project ♣ DMP (Digital Media Project) ♣ Etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 18 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 6 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Major Technology Providers in different area • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Adobe Apple AXMEDIS Beep Science ContentGuard of Xerox and a part of Microsoft Digital World Services (Bertelsmann) DMDsecure IBM Intertrust is of Sony and Philips LiquidAudio Lockstream: Mobile DRM, OMA, Catalyst DRM, Macrovision in partnership with Microsoft Microsoft NDS Panasonic Europe Philips RealNetworks, used by IBM Roxio WEDELMUSIC Yacast ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 19 E-Content Distribution O E-Content Distribution applications are: ♣ Distributed Applications ♣ “Mission Critical” Critical” Applications ♣ Require BuiltBuilt-in System Management, HighHighAvailability ♣ Transactional Applications ÎChanging the status ÎBank operations ♣ Digital Good or not, mainly digital in this tutorial ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 20 Applications of Content Distribution with protection O O O Entertainment and leisure Banking Administration ♣ Sharing data ♣ Sharing CV and personal information ♣ Sharing medical results, and medical information O O E-Commerce Cultural: ♣ Archive and museum for content sharing ♣ E-learning, Distance learning O Government ♣ Sharing of legal information on legal actions ♣ Sharing military information ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 21 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 7 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial ACID O Atomicity: complete allall-oror-nothing O Consistency: transaction must leave the system in a correct state or it must abort O Isolation: the transaction behavior is not effected by other transactions or its effect is hidden to the user and in any case the atomicity is guarantee O Durability: the transaction’ transaction’s effects are permanent after it commits. They survive system failures ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 22 OArchitectures for Content Distribution ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 23 Summary O O O Architectures for Content Distribution ♣ General architecture for content distribution ♣ Architectures for Single Channel ♣ Multichannel Architecture ♣ SuperSuper-Distribution Concepts ♣ Content Sharing ♣ Distribution/transaction models ♣ Business models Content Production and Packaging ♣ Content Models and Packaging ♣ Content Adaptation, description, composition, and processing ♣ Content production with GRID support ♣ Content Gathering from Content Management Systems ♣ Content queries, indexing Content Protection and Tracking ♣ Registration, Certification and Verification/Authentication ♣ Digital Rights Management ♣ Formalizing and Processing Licenses ♣ Supervising tools for protection, tracking, black lists ♣ Accounting and event reporting ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 24 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 8 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial General Architecture Overview Content provider Content Gathering Content Packaging Content provider Content FACTORY Content Protection Content provider License Contract Payment Server Distribution Server Certifier and Supervisor Licenses Protection Information 25 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content Distribution a Conceptual Model Content provider Content Distributor Content FACTORY Content provider Content provider Payment Server WEB Server ier Ca r r OWindows Media 9 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 26 The Case of Napster and Windows Media Source EITO2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 27 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 9 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Another Solution with Streaming OContent Producer Content Gathering Application Server Transactions License Contract Distribution SERVER Content Packaging Streaming SERVER Content Protection users licenses Payment Server Content Distributor Payment Collector 28 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Another Solution with third party protection Content Protection Application Server Transactions License Contract license Payment Server Content Gathering Content Packaging users Third party Distribution SERVER Content Distributor ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 29 AXMEDIS General Architecture AXMEDIS Certifier & Supervisor Content Provider Content Provider Content Provider Content Integrator Content Integrator AXMEDIS Distributor P2P TOOL (AXEPTool) Distributor Collecting Society Distributor AXMEDIS Portal Mainly B2C B2B AXMEDIS General Architecture, mainly B2B side ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 30 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 10 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Multichannel Problems O Different Channels: ♣ i-TV, Interactive TV, Satellite/terrestrial databroadcast (MPEG4, MHP), mainly streaming or Push ♣ Internet, streaming or download ♣ Kiosks, mainly download ♣ Cellular network: mobiles, PDA, Smart Phone, etc.., mainly streaming ♣ Traditional physical media ♣ Etc. O Content Coming from a single factory ♣ Content has to be smartly prepared in advance ♣ Content can be requested on Demand if streaming ♣ Content should be produced on demand 31 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Multichannel Problems O Different channels means: ♣ Different formats to be produced ♣ Different content type: video, audio, multimedia, etc. ♣ Needs of Real Time Adaptation ♣ Large number of final user devices, need of profiling for users and devices with channel ♣ Need of Content on demand ?? ♣ Different methods for payments ♣ Different business and transaction models 32 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi .. AXMEDIS Certifier & Supervisor Server Clients PDAs PDA- Distributors Content Providers PC- Distributors PCs Content Integrators AXMEDIS P2P TOOL (AXEPTool) Packaging Mobile-Distributors Mobiles AXMEDIS Portal Kiosks Kiosks Satellite Data Broadcast OpenSky Data Broadcast i-TVs Channel Distributors AXMEDIS General Architecture, mainly B2C ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 33 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 11 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Super Distribution Concepts O What is intended ♣ A distribution in which the users collaborate to the distribution, such as in the P2P environments ♣ A solution in which the content is separate from the Protection Information, while the License can be in the object or no ♣ A Solution in which the Certifier and Supervisors and/or the device are capable of detecting violations thus activating some recovering activity O Examples are: ♣ AXMEDIS: ÎB2B with AXEPTool ÎB2C, C2C with AXMEDIA tool ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 34 Content Sharing O Can be among Business entities or Consumers ♣ B2B: Business to Business ♣ C2C: Consumer to Consumer O Only if allowed at Contractual Level ♣ A sort of redistribution towards third parties ♣ Typical for Înon protected content, or for Îprotected content with resource separate from the license and protection information O Practical for Archives, Conservatories, Libraries, etc. O An example is the WEDELMUSIC Solution that is also feasible with AXMEDIS environment/technology. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 35 Web DELivering of MUSIC scores http://www.wedelmusic.org Dipartimento Sistemi e Informatica Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics 6/16/2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 36 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 12 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Transaction Models • Mediateques and Libraries – Agreement for free consultation – Percentage, forfeit, etc. – Collecting content from several content owners and other mediateques • Mediateques as Content Distributors – pay per play, special contracts, … – precise DRM: protection + certification + control of exploited functionalities – respect of the privacy 6/16/2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 37 Sharing Content Model Content Distributor Content Distributor Content Distributor Local Area Network Local Distributor Internet …… Sharable Archive Server Local Distributor Clients Local Area Network Content Distributor …… Clients Clients at home Content Distributor Local Area Network Local Distributor …… Sharable Archive Server Clients 6/16/2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 38 WEDELMUSIC Editor and Integrator • To build your WEDELMUSIC objects 6/16/2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 39 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 13 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial 6/16/2005 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 40 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 41 6/16/2005 Distribution/transaction models O B2B: Business to Business ♣ Among digital good producer, publishers, integrator, resellers, etc. ♣ They add values and thus … O B2C: Business to Consumer ♣ From distributors to consumers O C2C: Consumer to Consumer ♣ File sharing ♣ Virtual Good sharing O B2B2C ♣ Integrated B2B to B2C ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 42 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 14 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Business models On Line delivering Off Line delivering On Line Payment Digital good Any good Off Line Payment Digital good Any good On Line usage Off Line usage Digital good Yes Yes Physical good No sense Yes ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 43 Business Problem O Identification of the user for the business ♣ Respect of the privacy for the usages ♣ Payment model O Legal contract for the license ♣ Tools for controlling the actions O Delivering of physical or digital objects O Tracking/control of the usage in terms of rights exploited by the end user ♣ Action tracking and log, accounting, etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 44 Business Rules, a way to formalize allowed rights O Exploitation Models (contracts from the consumers to the provider are aligned to the exploitation model): ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O Subscription to a collection or service All you can heat Pay per renting Pay per use, pay per play, pay per print, etc. Pay per stream, download, etc… etc… Pay per minute all you can heat Burning the CD Copy the object Moving the object Passing the object to a different device Pay per building a collection Preview without paying Try and buy Etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 45 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 15 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Business Rules, a way to formalize allowed rights O It may be based on limiting ♣ Number of times you can do an action, and usage ♣ in a temporal window for the exploitation of any rights Îrenting ♣ in a space Îregional area or Îdomain (set of computers, etc.) ♣ The usage according to the user profile: Îimpaired, Îstudent, ÎArchival Îetc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 46 Content Distributors web sites O TISCALI, 12 portals ♣ Audio tracks of OD2 and videos (MIKADO) ♣ Windows Media DRM O SKY, EUTELSAT O BuyMusic.com O O Real Networks ROXIO, Napster O Warner Music UK is using the Share! O Musicmatch.com ♣ Video, MPEG4 ♣ SDMI, Windows Media DRM ♣ Windows Media DRM ♣ Windows Media DRM ♣ 360.000 tracks, Windows Media DRM ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 47 OContent Production and Packaging ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 48 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 16 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Summary O Content Production and Packaging ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O Content Models and Packaging Content Adaptation Content Description Content Composition and Formatting Content Processing with GRID support Content Gathering from Content Management Systems Content Queries, indexing Content Protection and Tracking ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Registration, Certification and Verification/Authentication Digital Rights Management Formalizing and Processing Licenses Supervising tools for protection, tracking Managing black lists Accounting and event reporting ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 49 Content Production and Packaging O Content Models and Packaging: O Content Processing ♣ MPEGMPEG-21, LOM, WEDELMUSIC ♣ Content Adaptation ♣ Content Description ♣ Content Composition and Formatting O Content Processing Control ♣ Content production with GRID support, ÎAutomatic Processing ♣ Workflow O O Content Gathering/Ingestion Content Management Systems ♣ ♣ ♣ Content database Content description Content queries, indexing, ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 50 Content Model O Content is typically comprised of several aspects O For content is typically intended all: ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O From metadata to digital resources From complex composed digital objects to simple resources From licenses to games, etc. From MSMS-WORD files to MPEG4, HTML, LOM, etc. Main aspects of a content can be ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Metadata, many types Digital Resource, hierarchical or not Licensing information and license itself Protection information ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 51 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 17 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Metadata and digital resources O Metadata, many types ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O Identification codes: UUID, AXOID, ISRC, etc… etc… Classification codes: Dublin Core, etc… etc… Descriptors: technical or conceptual Fingerprint Historical and versioning aspects Producer, etc. Digital Resource, hierarchical or not ♣ Single Files: Îimage, video, doc, game, animation, education, audio, etc. ♣ Multimedia files, hierarchies of files: ÎHTML, LOM, WEDELMUSIC, MPEGMPEG-4, etc. ♣ Etc. 52 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Licensing and Protection Information O Licensing information and license itself ♣ License Model, referencing a PAR ♣ Formal models: ÎMPEG21 REL/RDD, Patents, mainly from XrML (Content Guard) ÎODRL, Open Digital Rights Management, very open and no cost ÎXrML: XrML: Extensible Rights Markup Language, initially from XEROX Îetc. ♣ Processing Licenses for various purposes O Protection information Model ♣ Protection Information For each Single Protected Object ♣ How an object is protected ♣ Which algorithms are used for encryption, scrambling, compressing, compressing, etc. ♣ How they are applied: sequence, segment, etc. ♣ Protection behavior and streaming ♣ Any associated key and parameter ♣ Etc. 53 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Packaging and Protection, Open Model Metadata Resource ing ag k c Pa Metadata Resource License Model ProtProt-Info Model Protection License Metadata Resource ProtProt-Info License Contract Protected Digital Content ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 54 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 18 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Production of Governed Objects Metadata Resource Protection ProtProt-Info License Metadata License Contract Resource Protected Digital Content 55 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Production of Objects and Augmented License Metadata Resource Protection License Contract Metadata License Resource Protected ProtProt-Info Augmented License Digital Content ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 56 Content representation MD MD Ref to Protected Digital Content Protected Digital Content MD d ecte Prot t nten al Co Digit ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 57 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 19 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial MPEG O MPEG is a working group of ISO ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 Working Group ISO/IEC Coding of moving pictures and audio MPEGMPEG-1: Standard for storage and retrieval of moving pictures and audio on storage media MPEGMPEG-2: Standard for digital television MPEGMPEG-4: Standard for representing multimedia content, content, video and 3D virtual model integrated with audio, etc. MPEG7: Standard for description of audio and visual content MPEG MPEGMPEG-21: Multimedia Framework, Framework, provides a truly interoperable multimedia framework Development of international standards for ♣ ♣ compression, decompression, processing and coded representation of moving pictures, audio, and and their combination, ♣ in order to satisfy a wide variety of applications ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 58 MPEGMPEG-21 Multimedia Framework O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Part 1: Vision, Vision, Technologies and Strategy Part 2: Digital Item Declaration, DID Part 3: Digital Item Identification, DII Part 4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection, IPMP Part 5: Rights Expression Language, REL Part 6: Rights Data Dictionary, RDD Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation, DIA Part 8: Reference Software Part 9: File Format, FF Part 10: Digital Item Processing, DIP Part 11: Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Technologies Part 12: Test Bed for MPEGMPEG-21 Resource Delivery Part 13: Scalable Video Coding Part 14: Conformance Part 15: Event Reporting, ER Part 16: DID binarisation ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 59 Aim and Parts of MPEGMPEG-21 O Content Handling and Usage ♣ Provide interfaces and protocols that enable creation, manipulation, search, access, storage, delivery, and reuse of content across the content distribution and consumption value chain O Terminals and Networks ♣ The ability to provide interoperable and transparent access to content across network and terminal O Parts: O P2: Digital Item Declaration, DID ♣ A uniform and flexible abstraction and interoperable schema for declaring Digital Items O P3: Digital Item Identification and Description ♣ A framework for identification and description of any entity regardless of its nature, type or granularity ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 60 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 20 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Parts of MPEGMPEG-21 O P4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection, IPMP ♣ The means to enable content to be persistently and reliably managed and protected across a wide range of networks and devices P5: Rights Expression Language specifies a machinemachine-readable language that can declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Dictionary P6: Rights Data Dictionary specifies a dictionary of key terms required to describe users’ users’ rights P7: Digital Item Adaptation, DIA defines description tools for usage environment and content format features that might influence the transparent access to the multimedia content ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 61 Parts of MPEGMPEG-21 P8: Reference Software ♣ includes software that implements the tools specified in the MPEGMPEG-21 Spec. O P9: File Format P10: Digital Item Processing defines a file format for storing and distributing Digital Items. Items. ♣ defines mechanisms for standardized and interoperable processing of the information in Digital Item. P11: Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Tools ♣ This Technical Report documents best practice in the evaluation of persistent association technologies, i.e., technologies that link information to identify and describe content using the content itself. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 62 Parts of MPEGMPEG-21 P12: Test Bed for MPEGMPEG-21 Resource Delivery ♣ provides a softwaresoftware-based test bed for delivering scalable media and testing/evaluating this scalable media delivery in streaming environments. O P14: Conformance Provide suitable criteria to evaluate conformance to MPEGMPEG-21 parts of a complaint system O P15: Event Reporting Specifies how to express ERER-Request and Event Report and how they are represented as digital item P16: Binary Format Specifies the MPEGMPEG-21 binary format which is an alternative serialization format of MPEGMPEG-21 descriptions as specified within other MPEGMPEG-21 parts ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 63 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 21 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial MPEGMPEG-21 Part 2 — Digital Item Declaration O Index a Digital Item O Purpose: describe a set of abstract terms and concepts to form a useful model for defining Digital Items O Three normative sections: ♣ Model Îset of abstract terms and concepts ♣ Representation Înormative description of syntax & semantics of DID elements ♣ Schema Înormative XML schema comprising the entire grammar of DID ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 64 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 65 Digital Item Declaration in more detail Digital Item Declaration example Container Item Item Descriptor Component Descriptor Resource Item Descriptor Component Descriptor Resource Descriptor Component Descriptor Resource Item Component Component Descriptor Descriptor Resource Resource ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 66 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 22 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial MPEGMPEG-21 Part 3 — Digital Item Identification O The scope of the Digital Item Identification (DII) specification includes: ♣ How to uniquely identify Digital Items and parts thereof (including resources) ♣ How to uniquely identify IP related to the Digital Items (and parts thereof), for example abstractions ♣ How to uniquely identify Description Schemes ♣ How to use identifiers to link Digital Items with related information such as descriptive metadata ♣ How to identify different types if Digital Items ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 67 DII example: MPEGMPEG-21 music album ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 68 AXMEDIS Model on MPEGMPEG-21 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 69 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 23 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial AXMEDIS Model on MPEGMPEG-21 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 70 The process of Content Adaptation O It is a Processing ♣ Resource: Resizing, rate, transcoding, transcoding, etc. ÎScaling of: time, spatial, frequency, color, etc. ♣ License: filtering, rere-issuing, transcoding, transcoding, etc. ♣ Metadata: filtering, transcoding, transcoding, etc. ♣ Protection Information: change, update, etc. O Digital Adaptation ♣ It has to be authorized to be performed on protected content ♣ Depending on the device capabilities ♣ Depending on the final user needs ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 71 Relation between DIA and other MPEGMPEG-21parts ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 72 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 24 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Where to perform the Content Adaptation O On the Provider in delivering content to distributors ♣ Relevant numbers of versions (protection models, etc.) for the same same content ♣ High performance O On the Distributor server in delivering content to the endend-user ♣ Huge number of adaptation/protection per second, Î typically solution used for distributing content on mobiles Î Thousands of different models of mobiles ♣ Very High performance, GRID solutions ♣ Very hard to protect all these different versions and single objects objects O On the client terminal before rendering ♣ Delay for the end user ♣ Cost in terms of capabilities for the terminal device, a lot of software is needed O The solutions used are typically a balance ♣ ♣ ♣ from the last two for the Mobiles From the first two for Internet No adaptation is typically provided for II-TV STB ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 73 Content Adaptation Quality of Service O O Content Adaptation means also QoS Adaptation of Content during streaming ♣ It has to be performed on the stream on the binary information ♣ The stream has to be provide specific references to O Adaptation can be performed on ♣ Server (if the bidirectional channel is preent) preent) ♣ Client (only solution for Push) O When content is protected ♣ It has to be performed on segment that can be unprotected ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 74 Content Description O Any formal description of a digital resource ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O Usage of Descriptors: ♣ ♣ ♣ O Audio: Rhythm, tonality, duration, genre, etc. Video: number of scenes, description of the scene, etc. Text: main keywords, summary, topics, etc. Etc. But also: fingerprint such as MD5, etc. Indexing into the database Query into the database Recognition for protection MPEGMPEG-7 ♣ Metamodel for descriptors: ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 75 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 25 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Content Descriptors Features O Expected Features: ♣ Robustness with respect to adaptation ÎScaling: time, space, color, etc. ♣ Short and concise ♣ Repeatable ♣ Light to be estimated O If used as Fingerprint of the Content ♣ Unique or close to be unique if used as Easily to be estimated, low computational complexity ♣ RealReal-time estimation in streaming, estimable on the basis of a short duration of the content streaming ♣ Etc. 76 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content production, protection, etc., at B2B Your CMSs on uti trib ls Dis anne ch Automatic Content Crawling and AXMEDIS Component Production AXMEDIS database Integrators Composing Formatting AXMEDIS P2P TOOL (AXEPTool) Fingerprint Adaptation Protection Fingerprint Extraction, Descriptor Extraction, etc. Adaptation of Content, Metadata, DRM, etc. Object Protection, Encoding, License gen, gen, Governed Object Gen Providers Providers 77 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi AXMEDIS Content Processing GRID AXCP Rule EDITOR (Protection, Production, Pubblication on AXEPTool) Workflow Manager AXCP Rule Engine Pub. on AXEPTool Ext. Tools External Functions (composition, formatting, adaptation) Metadata mapping, publish/unpublis h on AXEPTool Adaptation Fingerprint Content Adaptation Object Protection, Encoding, Compress, Scrambling, etc. Adaptation Fingerprint Extraction, Descriptor Extraction, ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo etc.Nesi of Metadata Protection Adaptation of DRM, PAR, License, etc. License generation Governed Object Generation License Verification, etc 78 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 26 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial AXMEDIS CP GRID QWS SCHEDULER GUI SCHEDULER COMMAND MANAGER ENGINE COMMANDS AND REPORTING INTERNAL SCHEDULER DISPATCHER GRID PEER INTERFACE GRID PEER GRID PEER GRID PEER GRID PEER GRID PEER INTERFACE GRID PEER INTERFACE GRID PEER INTERFACE Rule Remote Executor On PC#1 Rule Remote Executor On PC#2 Rule Remote Executor On PC#n ……… 79 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi AXMEDIS CP GRID RULE EXECUTOR MANAGER GRID PEER INTERFACE GRID PEER JS ENGINE (API Functions) JS_AXOM AXOM JS_ AXOM Cont. Proc JS_ JS_ JS_ Selection Protection Functions … JS_ Res Types JS_ DRM JS_ PAR AXOM Content Processing Selection Protection Functions … Resource DRM Types PAR 80 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content Gathering from Content Management Systems CMS databases and FSs Source List CMS Interf ace Crawler Collector Indexer Crawler Result Integrated database ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Collector Engine components and Composed objects, prot/ no prot 81 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 27 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Content Gathering from Content Management Systems O Access to several different resources: ♣ File Systems: Win, Linux, MAC, etc. ♣ ODBC, JDBC, etc. ♣ Native DB: DB2, Oracle, MSMS-SQL, MySQL, MySQL, etc. ♣ Protocols: IMAP, POP, Z39.50, etc. O Integrated with AXMEDIS Content Processing Capabilities: ♣ Processing of any digital resources and metadata ♣ GRID executing and computing, high performance 82 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content management systems, CMS O Scalable to manipulate a large number of: ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ O Objects, components, protected objects Licenses, protection information Digital resources Etc. Making queries on the basis of ♣ Descriptions ♣ Classification metadata ♣ Indexing on the basis of selected information O Direct access via IDs ♣ Fast Retrieval ♣ Typically objects on File Systems ♣ Modeling of XML information 83 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content Accessibility and recovering (EXITECH) AXMEDIS DB B2B P2P CMSs Crawled Results Integrated Database System AXDBM AXEPTool Return a list of AXMEDIS DB contents Forward Query Ask for a list of AXMEDIS DB contents Forward Query Query Distribution & Query Result Integration Collect results from different sources Ask for results AXMEDIS Query User Interface Select The Objects Build a query Bookmark a query/ query/Retrieve a query Issue Query/ Query/AutoAuto-updating Query ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 84 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 28 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial OContent Protection and Tracking 85 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content Protection and Tracking O Registration and Certification O Verification/Authentication O Usage of Watermarking Usage of Fingerprinting Digital Rights Management Formalizing Licenses and Rights Processing Licenses and Rights Supervising tools for protection, tracking Accounting and event reporting Infringement detection, Managing black lists ♣ of users and devices ♣ Of users and devices O O O O O O O 86 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Registration of a new end User on Channel 5. definitive UID + personal info + pay info 1. Registration and paiment method def END USER 6. Confirmation via email address with definitive UID 2. Email +DID+ TMPUID (random gen) Distributor Registration Desk WEB Portal Registration Web Service 4. ACK with definitive UID 3. Email +DID+ definitive UID 3. ACK database The registration is referred to a specific AXCS referred to a given channel manage by the DID (Distributor ID). Instead of a definitive UID we can use a “Certificate”. It can be a certificate that one can exhibit to authenticate himself/herself in the circuit, a check is typically done with that ID and the email ,etc... ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 87 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 29 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Certification of a new Device 1. Registration, email + UID + description of the device+ name of the login end USER 6. OK, your device is ok and enabled, You can add as many devices you like to your account ! 2. DEVICE FP (HW+SW) + UID+email..+Status+ time+date….. + description of the device + name of the log in +++ Domain Manager Domain info 4b. ENABLE code (TID) SW Tool the device 3. DEVICE FP + UID + status + time+date+ Domain if any+ description of the device ….. DRM Support 5. ACK+ ENABLE code (for the TID and TID fixed) 4. ACK+ ENABLE code (for the TID and TID fixed) The Protection Support is capable of producing the HW code, SW code, code, -….to estimate the DEVICE FP and management of the status depending on time, history of actions, etc. The ENABLE code activate the Tool and will will fix for ever the TID of the combination HW+SW+installation. HW+SW+installation. CS of channel Status at the previos iteration + ……+…… As a limit case the information maintained on the device by the Protection Processor could be encrypted with a different code for each transaction/verification, this could add dynamism to protection model. 88 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Authentication of a Device SW Tool 1. DEVICE FP + UID+email..+ Status + ….. the device Sec. channel reference 4. ACK 2. DEVICE FP + UID + status + ….. 3. ACK CS of channel ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 89 Usage of Watermark O What is the watermark ♣ It is a code included in content by the content owner that can be read/shown to demonstrate the ownership of the content ♣ Also called steganographic O Main Features ♣ Hidden or visible ♣ Removable or not: when it is separable from the digital resource obtaining the original digital resource ♣ Single of multiple: when more than one WM is present ♣ Readable by all or only by the owner: when there is not need to have a special key/parameters to read it ♣ Readable with an absolute certainty or with some statistical confidence ♣ Robustness against the Adaptation ♣ Robustness to passage from DD-A-D again ♣ Etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 90 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 30 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Usage of Watermark O Which code is watermarked: ♣ Object ID ♣ Owner ID ♣ Distributor ID ♣ Eventual coding of the license (governed object) O What happen ♣ Content Producers typically watermark the content (images, audio, video, etc.) ♣ Content integrators and distributors are informed and may add one more watermark with their code ♣ End user are not aware about that if it is undetectable is easy 91 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Usage of Watermark O PDAs PDA- Distributors PC- Distributors ♣ distribution channels ♣ published content collection ♣ Etc. Monitoring PCs Packaging Mobile-Distributors Mobiles Kiosks Kiosks Satellite Data Broadcast i-TVs OpenSky Data Broadcast Then Content Owners, may monitor O Reading the WM ♣ To detect the passage of their content ♣ To verifying the presence of violations of IPR Channel Distributors ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 92 Usage of Fingerprint O What is the Fingerprint ♣ It is a code estimated on the digital content or resource that present in practical an high probability to be unique for that content with respect to other similar content O Features: ♣ Never included with the content if its aim is the usage for content content protection ♣ Included in the content only if it is used as content descriptor ♣ Robust to adaptation processing ♣ Robust to eventual watermark addition O Typically more computational intensive with respect to WM: ♣ The WM code is read/extracted from the content ♣ The FP code has to be estimated from the content ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 93 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 31 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Usage of Fingerprint O PDAs PDA- Distributors PC- Distributors ♣ distribution channels ♣ published content collection ♣ Etc. Monitoring PCs Packaging Mobile-Distributors O Mobiles Kiosks Kiosks Satellite Data Broadcast i-TVs OpenSky Data Broadcast Then Content Owners, may monitor Channel Distributors To detect the passage of their content by ♣ estimating in real time the fingerprint the ♣ searching into the database ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 94 Digital Rights Management O Many definitions but I think that DRM is ♣ A set of mechanisms to manage Rights ♣ Rights are the actions that can be performed a digital content ♣ They are typically formalized in the so called Licenses O DRM implies: ♣ To protect the content with some algorithms saving what is called the Protection Information (they are needed to unprotect the object) ♣ To formalize the rights in some manner creating what is called a License ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 95 Formal Models for License Rights O The rights acquired with a contract from the Content Provider are the Potential Available Rights, PARs O Each License produced may ♣ at most cover those PARs ♣ Formalize the allowed actions/Rights exploitable on a given object/content, digital resource ♣ Refer to other Licenses, creating a chain of Licenses for the evaluation of a grant O Licenses have to be formalized in some language ♣ REL/RDD of MPEGMPEG-21 ♣ ODRL, Open Digital Right Management ♣ Etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 96 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 32 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Digital Rights Management implies O To set up a set of tools and mechanisms to O Impose the respect of the Rights: ♣ Distribution tools (specific are needed in the case of streaming) streaming) ♣ Terminal players based on certification and authentication mechanisms O Verify if the Rights/Licenses have been: ♣ Respected and ♣ in which measure (for instance how many times a music piece has been played, how many print out have been produced, etc.) O Communicate to Content Owners, Content Distributors and third parties Collecting Societies: ♣ The effective exploitation of the content Rights 97 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Managing License and Protection Information LicenseLic Metadata en Con se trac t Resource Protected ProtProt-Info Digital Content O O O O O Once obtained the content you need the license to know what you can do on it, which Right you have acquired On the License you can get a reference to the Protection Information Information that for each Right and Resource provide the information to Unprotect Unprotect the object During all these phases the Device can be verified with its SW, HW, users, etc. Similarly if the Object is Governed (if the license is included into the object) License and Protection Information are typically located in external external and remotely located Servers that are called Certifier and Supervisors Supervisors ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 98 Additional features and security issues O The devices and the Servers providing License and/or Protection Information may have algorithms and tools for ♣ detecting infringement and violations ♣ Counting the usage, ♣ Collecting every event for further reporting ♣ etc.. O Thus black lists of License, Objects, Devices, Users have to be managed ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 99 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 33 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial MPEGMPEG-21 P5 — REL, Rights Expression Language O O O O O A machinemachine-readable language, XML To declare rights and permissions Uses terms defined in the Rights Data Dictionary REL consists of licenses and grants that give specific permissions to Users to perform certain actions on certain resources, given that certain conditions are met ♣ Grants can also allow Users to delegate authority to others User’ User’s system device has to ♣ parse and validate the RE ♣ check permissions before any further action is done O O DID parser is responsible for discovering and identifying where to gather licenses REL licenses are wrapped in Digital Items when the object if governed 100 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi REL data model right issued to principal O associated with resource subject to condition REL grant consist of ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ principal to whom grant is issued rights the grant specifies resource to which right in grant applies condition to be met before grant can be exercised ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 101 REL – Principal and Rights O Principal: Party to whom a grant conveys usage rights. ♣ It has to provide some authentication mechanism by which the principal principal can prove its identity. ♣ The Principal supports the following identification technologies: technologies: a principal that must present multiple credentials, all of them must be simultaneously simultaneously valid, to be authenticated. Î A keyHolder, keyHolder, meaning someone identified as possessing a secret key such as the private key of a public / private key pair. Î Other identification technologies that may be invented by others. others. O Right: O Resource: O Condition: ♣ Action or activity that a principal may perform using a resource under some condition. ♣ Object to which the principal can be granted a right. ♣ Terms under which rights can be exercised. O MPEG REL provides a right element to encapsulate information about about rights and provides a set of commonly used, specific rights, notably notably rights relating to other rights, such as issue, revoke and obtain. obtain. Extensions to MPEG REL could define rights appropriate to using specific types of resource. For instance, the MPEG REL content extension defines rights appropriate to using digital works (e.g., (e.g., play and print) ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 102 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 34 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial An example of statement Rosy can Play 3 times the Ocean Wilds in November 2003. 103 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Possible values for terms O Principal O ♣ AllPrincipals and KeyHolder O Rights O Resources O Conditions ♣ Issue, Issue, Obtain, Obtain, PossesProperty and Revoke ♣ DigitalResource, DigitalResource, Revocable and ServiceReference ♣ AllConditions, AllConditions, ExerciseMechanism, ExerciseMechanism, ExistsRight, ExistsRight, Fullfiler, Fullfiler, PrerequisiteRight, PrerequisiteRight, RevocationFreshness, RevocationFreshness, ValidityInterval ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ CallForCondition ExerciseLimit FeeFlat FeeMetered FeePerInterval FeePerUse FeePerUsePrePay SeekAproval ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Territory TrackQuery TrackReport TransferControl ValidityIntervalFloating ValidityIntervalStartsNow ValidityTimeMetered ValidityTimePeriodic Examples of Rights ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Adapt Delete Diminish Embed Enhance Enlarge Execute Install Modify Move Play Print Reduce Uninstall 104 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi from contracts to formal license Standard contract content owners Author/composer Artists co – producer co -publisher others Distribution ITV internet mobile Kiosk Scores distributor other Standard contract Advertising Syncro Compilation TV internet mobile Radio Cinema other Games CD Rom internet mobile Film/fictions etc Other multimedia CD/DVD mobile Kiosk Internet Scores distributor other Territoriality – exclusive/non exclusive – payment conditions – type of use – type of support – guarantees – special conditions – duration etc DRM Rules AXMEDIS AXMEDIS editor editor ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Generated Generated License License 105 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 35 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial MPEGMPEG-21 Part 6 — Rights Data Dictionary O O O O O O Set of clear, consistent, structured, integrated and uniquely identified Terms to support REL Specification of dictionary structure and methodology to create dictionary Dictionary is prescriptive, inclusive, and has audit provisions Legal definitions are mapped from other Authorities Supports mapping & transformation of metadata from terminology of one namespace (or Authority) into that of another namespace in automated or partiallypartially-automated way Dictionary is based on a logical model, the Context Model, which is the basis of the dictionary ontology 106 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Managing License Chain in AXMEDIS PAR Content provider subLicense Contract License Contract Content Integrator PAR Content provider Content Distributor License Contract subsubLicens e Contract Metadata Resource O O To solve the SubSubLicense al the connected Linceses are needed They have to be accessible on Processing Servers, called for example in AXMEDIS PMS 107 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Managing License Chain in AXMEDIS License Contract Protection Manager Support subLicense Contract License Contract subsubLicens e Contract PAR Content provider PAR Content Integrator Content Distributor Metadata Resource Content provider P-Info,a P-Info, b Certifier and Supervisor ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 108 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 36 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial MPEGMPEG-21 Part 15 — Event Reporting O O O Standardise metrics and interfaces for performance of all reportable events in MPEGMPEG-21; Provide a means of capturing and containing these metrics and interfaces that refers to identified Digital Items, environments, processes, transactions and Users. Such metrics and interfaces will enable Users to understand precisely the performance of all reportable events within the framework. “Event Reporting” Reporting” must provide Users a means of acting on specific interactions, as well as enabling a vast set of outout-ofof-scope processes, frameworks and models to interoperate with MPEGMPEG-21. 109 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Event reporting O O Single traces Statistical data for reporting and analysis 50 45 40 35 30 Serie1 25 20 15 10 5 A0 01 0 00 00 02 1P 0 A0 00 0 1 ZY 0 00 00 00 1R 0 00 001 02 U 0 00 00 02 1E 0 00 00 02 02 0 00 00 02 03 0 00 012 02 C 00 001 02 2E 0 00 001 01 M A0 000 0 1 05 A0 000 0 1 4A 0 A0 001 01 W A0 000 0 1 4F 0 A0 00 0 1 1V A0 000 0 1 02 0 00 00 01 2G 0 A0 01 0 1 2O 0 A0 00 0 1 33 0 00 000 01 9 A0 001 0 1 0F 0 A0 00 0 1 0R 00 A0 0 0 1 3X 0 00 00 02 32 0 00 005 01 R 0 A0 01 0 1 0E 0 A0 00 0 1 20 0 00 00 02 04 00 01 U 0 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 110 Reporting, accounting manager and tool, examples O Reporting to Distributor ♣ Each exploited right with references to the UserUser-ID for each distributed object (objects that contains its DistDist-ID) O Reporting to the Integrator/creator ♣ Who create new object from other objects of from scratch ♣ The number of exploited rights for each object that contains the CreatorCreator-ID and the DistDist-ID for each of them O Reporting for the Collecting societies, CS ♣ Who is monitoring the exploited rights for third parties, for other other creators ♣ The number of exploited rights for each CreatorCreator-ID associated with the CS, for each object that contains the CreatorCreator-ID and the DistDist-ID for each of them, in a certain Geographic Region or State ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 111 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 37 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial OSome Examples of solutions ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 112 Comments on the prominent technologies O MPEGMPEG-21, several example have been provided along the tutorials Microsoft with Windows Media 9/10 Apple ii-Tune and iPod DMP: Digital Media Project AXMEDIS: www.axmedis.org O Content Guard O O O O ♣ Owner of XrML, XrML, source for MPEG21 REL ♣ Owned by Microsoft in large part O Adobe O DMDFusion O ODRL: Open Digital Rights Language O DWS: Digital World Service, BMG ♣ Mainly for PDF, EBX DRM ♣ DRM included ♣ Accepted by OMA, Open Mobile Alliance ♣ ADO2RA DRM ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 113 Windows Media Rights Manager ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 114 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 38 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Windows Media Rights Manager Packaging O ♣ Windows Media Rights Manager packages the digital media file. ♣ The packaged media file has been encrypted and locked with a "key." This key is stored in an encrypted license, which is distributed separately. ♣ Other information is added to the media file, such as the URL where the license can be acquired. ♣ This packaged digital media file is saved in Windows Media Audio format (with a .wma .wma file name extension) or Windows Media Video format (with a .wmv file name extension). ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 115 Windows Media Rights Manager O Establishing a License Server ♣ The content provider chooses a license clearing house that stores the specific rights or rules of the license and implements the Windows Media Rights Manager license services. ♣ The role of the clearing house is to authenticate the consumer's request for a license. ♣ Digital media files and licenses are distributed and stored separately, making it easier to manage the entire system. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 116 Windows Media Rights Manager O License Acquisition ♣ To play a packaged digital media file, the consumer must first acquire a license key to unlock the file. ♣ The process of acquiring a license begins automatically when the consumer attempts to acquire the protected content, acquires a predelivered license, or plays the file for the first time. ♣ Windows Media Rights Manager either sends the consumer to a registration page where information is requested or payment is required, or "silently" retrieves a license from a clearing house. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 117 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 39 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Windows Media Rights Manager O Playing the Media File ♣ To play the digital media file, the consumer needs a media player player that supports Windows Media Rights Manager. ♣ The consumer can then play the digital media file according to the the rules or rights that are included in the license. ♣ Licenses can have different rights, such as start times and dates, dates, duration, and counted operations. For instance, default rights may may allow the consumer to play the digital media file on a specific computer and copy the file to a portable device. ♣ Licenses, however, are not transferable. If a consumer sends a packaged digital media file to a friend, this friend must acquire acquire his or her own license to play the file. ♣ This PCPC-byby-PC licensing scheme ensures that the packaged digital media file can only be played by the computer that has been granted granted the license key for that file. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 118 Windows Media Rights Manager ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 119 Microsoft License O Each license contains the key to unlock the Windows Media file. O The license also contains the rights, or rules, that govern the use of the digital media file. The content owner sets these rights to determine which actions are allowed from minimal control over playback to more restrictive licenses. The licenses in Windows Media Rights Manager can support a wide range of different business rules, including: ♣ How many times can a file be played. ♣ Which devices a file can be played or transferred on. For example, example, rights can specify if consumers can transfer the file to portable portable devices that are compliant with the Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI). (SDMI). ♣ When the user can start playing the file and what is the expiration expiration date. ♣ If the file can be transferred to a CD recorder (burner). ♣ If the user can back up and restore the license. ♣ What security level is required on the client to play the Windows Windows Media file. ♣ And many others. others. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 120 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 40 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Microsoft License delivering O O O Licenses can be delivered in different ways and at different times, depending on the business model. The content owner might want licenses prepredelivered, or they might want the license delivered after a consumer has downloaded and attempted to play a packaged file for the first time. Licenses can be delivered with or without the consumer being aware of the process using silent or nonnon-silent license delivery. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 121 i-Tunes of Apple, iTMS, iTMS, II-Tunes Music Store O O O O O O O O AAC 128 Kbit, Kbit, comparable with 160Kbit MP3 70 Millions of Files in the first year of work > 500.000 traces Very easy Pay per download (0.99$ per file, 9.99$ per collection) No subscription Tools: download, player, burning, play lists, etc. DRM proprietary, “FairPlay” FairPlay”, cracked in April 2004 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 122 I-Tune and DRM limits O Transfer of a trace to at most ♣ 7 CDs, burning ♣ 3 authorized computers O Authorized transfer on a non limited number of ii-POD O Authorized transfer on any computer but they can be played only on those that are authorized No costs for subscription Content I bought forever . ♣ Market and money on iPods O O O ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 123 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 41 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial DMP, Digital Media Project O O O O Leonardo Chiariglione: DMP, www.chiariglione.org On top of MPEGMPEG-21, new standardization aim on DRM and content distribution model Major partners: Panasonic, Mitsubishi, METI, JVC, BT, SDAE, France Telecom, BBC, EPFL, INESCPORTO, EXPWAY, ENIKOS, ADETTI, MEDIALIVE, ETRI, WIPO, Dolby, etc. Standardization of terminals and the whole components for the architecture of audio visual content toward mobiles mainly ♣ A restricted domain and model with respect to MPEG21 and AXMEDIS ♣ A focus mainly on players, up to now, with single objects and B2C distribution, only governed objects ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 124 The Digital Media Project O Launched as Digital Media Manifesto in Jul 2003 Manifesto published in Sep 2003 O Digital Media Project established in Dec 2003 O The basic DMP position O ♣ http://www.chiariglione.org/manifesto/dmm.htm http://www.chiariglione.org/manifesto/dmm.htm ♣ http://www.digitalhttp://www.digital-mediamedia-project.org/ project.org/ ♣ Digital technologies are an asset of mankind ♣ Creators, endend-users and the multitude of other valuevalue-chain users should benefit from them ♣ This goal can be achieved by standardising ÎAppropriate protocols between valuevalue-chain users ÎAt suitably identified interfaces O The above is the DMP “Interoperable DRM” DRM” proposition Qhttp://digital-media-project.org ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 125 Devising a strategy O O DMP specifications should enable innovation of valuevalue-chains DMP cannot standardise protocols for ♣ Functions performed in today’ today’s valuevalue-chain Î We do not know if today’ today’s valuevalue-chain will continue to exist ♣ Functions performed in future valuevalue-chains Î We do not know what future valuevalue-chains will be O DMP can only standardise protocols for Primitive Primitive Functions performed by valuevalue-chain users ♣ Today’ Today’s Functions are a combination of Primitive Functions ♣ Primitive Functions are “rere-used" in different Functions ♣ The Functions performed by future valuevalue-chain users will consist of Î Different combinations of today’ today’s Primitive Functions and Î New Primitive Functions Qhttp://digital-media-project.org ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 126 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 42 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial O Automating Production of Cross Media Content for Multichannel Distribution O www.AXMEDIS.ORG ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 127 AMXEDIS Consortium ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 128 Main general Objectives O O O O Produce and distribute cross media content in protected manner, integrating B2B and B2C sides Allowing the content distribution and collaborative production at B2B level Create a unified European platform for content distribution in terms of DRM and interoperability Increase accessibility to the European audio visual content for its exploitation for entertainment, valorization, etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 129 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 43 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Main technical Objectives O O O O O reducing costs for content production and management by applying Artificial Intelligence techniques to content creation, representation (format) and workflow; reducing distribution and aggregation costs in order to increase accessibility with a PeerPeer-toto-Peer (P2P) platform at BusinessBusiness-toto-Business (B2B) level, which can integrate content management systems and workflows; developing and providing new methods and tools for innovative and flexible Digital Rights Management (DRM), including the exploitation of MPEGMPEG-21 and overcoming its limitations and support different business and transaction models. Integrating present CMSs with AXMEDIS framework and tools Creating a technical AXMEDIS framework for all 130 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi AXMEDIS General Architecture AXMEDIS Certifier & Supervisor Content Provider Content Provider Content Provider AXMEDIS Distributor P2P TOOL (AXEPTool) Distributor Content Integrator Content Integrator Collecting Society Distributor AXMEDIS Portal Mainly B2C B2B AXMEDIS for B2B Cooperative Content Production 131 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Content production, protection, etc., at B2B Your CMSs on uti trib ls Dis anne ch Automatic Content Crawling and AXMEDIS Component Production AXMEDIS database Integrators Composing Fingerprint Formatting Adaptation AXMEDIS P2P TOOL (AXEPTool) Providers Protection Providers ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 132 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 44 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Architecture AXEPTool Area Workflow Management tools AXMEDIS Factory AXMEDIS Editors AXEPTools AXEPTools AXMEDIS Content Processing Engines and Scheduler GRIDs AXMEDIS Network AXEPTools AXMEDIS database Area Crawlers AXMEDIS databases AXMEDIS Factory AXEPTools CMSs Distributor AXMEDIS Accounting area Distributor Programme and Publication Distributor AXMEDIS Portal AXMEDIS Certifier and Supervisor Protection Manager Support Protection and Supervising tools ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi AXMEDIS Certifier & Supervisor Server AXMEDIS Players 133 Clients PDAs PDA- Distributors Content Providers PC- Distributors PCs Content Integrators AXMEDIS P2P TOOL (AXEPTool) Packaging Mobile-Distributors Mobiles AXMEDIS Portal Kiosks Kiosks Satellite Data Broadcast i-TVs OpenSky Data Broadcast Channel Distributors AXMEDIS Multichannel Content Distribution 134 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi Overall scenario Actors and their relations Downlink Kiosk Kiosk Factory Factory Down-link Kiosk Kiosk Up-link AXEPTool Protection Wireless Filter LAN Terminal Terminal PDA Terminal Terminal PDA ##NN ##11 ##KK ... Kiosk Manager User #1 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi User #N User #K 135 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 45 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Business Model (Collecting society or creator point of view) End User Site 1 Distributors AXCSs AXCS AXCS Sync. 1\ QAXCS AXCS Sync. AXCS AXCS Sync. AXMEDIS TOOL 2 End user PMS 3 4 Collecting Society CMS 7 Administrative Information Integrator 5 6 SuperAXCS Collecting Society SuperAXCS Collector Unique Super AXCS site 136 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi AXMEDIS Framework AXMEDIS database & administrative Tools Database and query support AXMEDIS database Crawling integration AXMEDIS Content Processing Tools AXMEDIS Editing and Viewing Tools AXMEDIS Certifier & Supervisor, Protection Manager Supports P2P AXEPTool and Programme and Publication tools Documentation and support Composition and Formatting algorithms Query & results model Test Cases Transcoding and Adaptation algorithms Query search algorithms Fingerprint and Descriptor extractors P2P protocols Content for validation AXMEDIS Object Model GRID and script execution support DRM and protection algorithms Workflow interfaces AXMEDIS general infrastructure Any Proprietary CMS, and Content as files Secure communic. protocol Any Workflow 137 ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi AXMEDIS Framework O O Exploitation of AXMEDIS research and innovation To guarantee the return of investment AXMEDIS Project Framework Partners QContent Providers, integrator Ta ke -u p Companies QContent Distributors QEtc. Ac tio ns QIT ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi rs to rt a s on m De r fo S: r m I ED atfo l nt M AX an P nte pe Co ro u E 138 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 46 ICECCS 2005 Tutorial Short Biography of Paolo Nesi O O Full Professor at the University of Florence, Department of Systems Systems and Informatics, and chair of the Distributed Systems and Internet Technology Lab. Lab. He is working on technologies related to content production, protection, protection, security and distribution since several years: (i) languages and tools for the specification of real time systems by means of interval temporal logic; (ii) metrics and tools for the assessment of software systems; (iii) languages and tools for the coco-operative work; (iv) protection and security tools and solutions (IMP, MPEG21, certification of devices, etc), (v) distributed distributed systems, P2P, GRID, etc.; (vi) distributed architectures for automatic automatic control, optimisation, industrial applications, supervision, etc. etc. O He has been Chair of several international conferences (CSMR'98; CSMR'99; WEDELMUSIC2002), General Chair of IEEE ICSM2001, WEDELMUSIC2001, IEEE ICECCS 2004. He has published more than 170 papers on journals and on conference proceedings. O He has been the project manager several multipartner international international projects (see those in the reference for example), and coco-chair of MPEG AHG on SMR, coordinating projects with partner companies and research institutions, such as: AFI, ANSC, BMG RICORDI, EUTELSAT, COMVERSE, CRS4, EPFL, FHGFHG-IGD, GIUNTI, HP, IRCAM, OD2, SEJER BORDAS and NATHAN, SUGARMUSIC, CRS4, TISCALI, Univ, Univ, Readings, Univ. Pompeo Fabra, Fabra, etc. ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 139 References O O O O O O O O O O O AXMEDIS: www.axmedis.org CRF: Content Reference Forum: http://www.crforum.org http://www.crforum.org// DMP: Digital Media Project, www.chiariglione.org EITO 2005: European Information Technology Observation 2005: http://www.eito.com/index http://www.eito.com/index--eito.html ODRL: http://odrl.net http://odrl.net// OMA: www.openmobilealliance.org MI3P, Music Industry Integrated Identifier Project, http://www.mi3phttp://www.mi3p-standard.org/ MPEG, MPEGMPEG-21: www.chiariglione.org MUSICNETWORK: www.interactivemusicnetwork.org WEDELMUSIC: www.wedelmusic.org Windows Media: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/defau lt.aspx ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 140 For any Contact Information O Prof. Paolo Nesi University of Florence Distributed Systems and Internet Technology Lab Department of Systems and Informatics Email: [email protected] http://www.dsi.unifi.it/~nesi Thanks for your attention! ICECCS 2005, June 2005, © Paolo Nesi 141 Prof. Paolo Nesi, [email protected] 47