Image Intensifier

X  I  O  P  M  Preliminary Scheme of the HCAL ICCD Readout
Bingliang HU Xi'an Ins=tute of Op=cs and Precision Mechanics of CAS
Contents
X  I  O  P  M  I.  Introduc=on of XIOPM II.  Brief introduc=on on the HCAL ICCD III.  Requirements IV.  Preliminary Scheme V.  Cri=cal Test VI.  Schedule of Mission 2
X  I  O  P  M  I.  Introduc2on of XIOPM
Introduc=on of XIOPM X  I  O  P  M  Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision
Mechanics , CAS, Founded in 1962, One of the largest institutes of CAS in
Northwestern China. A comprehensive scientific research base
XI’AN
SVOM mission Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP)
4
X  I  O  P  M  II.  Brief introduc2on on the HCAL ICCD Brief Introduc=on
X  I  O  P  M  CsI light transmission and collec=on Direct Coupling PD, APD, SiPM: Complicated system, high
power consump=on Granular CsI Crystals Wavelength ShiKer Fiber MAPMT, SiPM:
high power
consump=on CCD: No single photon detec=on EMCCD, EBCCD: no ns gate control ICCD: no above problems, but premature
Performances of Digital 3D imaging detector contrast with the tradi2onal scheme
Digital 3D imaging detector
The tradi2onal scheme
larger field of view
smaller field of view
lower power consump2on
higher power consump2on
imaging detec2on
not imaging detec2on
6
Brief Introduc=on X  I  O  P  M  wavelength shifting fiber
One Way Detection System
data channel
Calorimeter
Image
Processing
System
wavelength shifting fiber
Image
Intensifier One Way Detection System
Optical coupling
component data channel
High Frame
Rate CCD low-­‐light super fast imaging detec2on system
One Way Detec=on System can obtain the signal from 30~40 thousands of wavelength shiKing fibers, the Low-­‐Light super Fast Imaging Detec=on System is consisted of four ways.
7
X  I  O  P  M  III.  Requirements Requirements X  I  O  P  M  Requirements of low-­‐light super fast imaging detec2on system
Spectral response range
450nm-­‐600nm
CCD detector frame frequency
＞400fps Weak light detec=on requirements 100 photon/µs/fiber Strong light detec=on requirements 2000 photon/µs/fiber Image intensifier =me delay
≤5ms The quantum efficiency of image intensifier the second-­‐genera=on products＞15%
The clear aperture of image intensifier
the second-­‐genera=on products≥Φ75mm The shueer =me of image intensifier ≤1µs
The coupling efficiency of coupling system relay lens≥5%; op=c fiber plates≥50%
The precisely synchronous delayer
ns to μs delay implementa=on， ns scale delay accuracy The number of the WLSF
120-­‐ 160 k 9
Analyses of System Requirement X  I  O  P  M  According to the requirements of system technology, it has to be compli
mented by the cri=cal par=als to meet all requirements as following: CCD: Ø  High frame rate and large format CCD Image Intensifier: Ø  Photocathode switching -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐ shueer Ø  Fluorescence =me -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐ =me delay Ø  Micro channel plates-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐ weak light enhanced Aerospace Environment : Ø Mechanics and heat in the space environment 10
X  I  O  P  M  IV.  Preliminary Scheme Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  Cathode Triggered Intensifier Op=cal Coupler
High frame rate and large format CCD Concept of ICCD readout system
high-­‐speed ga=ng image intensifier with single cathode manages to sa=sfy and realize the requirement of 100 photon/us “low-­‐light detec=on” according to the overall indicator; 12
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  PMT or Image Intensifier ？
One Image Intensifier = Mul2-­‐Channel PMT 13
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  Why Image Intensifier ？
photocahode switching weak light enhanced =me delay l  photocathode switching-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐ shueer l  fluorescence =me-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐ =me delay l  micro channel plates-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐ weak light enhanced 14
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  Time diagram
15
Preliminary Scheme PMT
TriggerInput
TriggerOutput
RS232
12V
System Structrue 12V
Precision
Synchronization Control
5V
X  I  O  P  M  0V
5V
0-5V
Trigger Input
12V
GM200-3P
Cathode Gating Module
0V（Black）
5V（Red）
GateOutput
+50v/-200V SMA
MCPIn
WP830
MCP/ScreenControl
0-5V（Orange）
MCPOut
Screen
16
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  Parts Selection Parameters: 75mm, P43, MCPs, S20, fiber faceplate I/O 17
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  System Performance Step1. Photons amplica=on of II N gain = Twindowf ×η pc × N MCP ×η ps × Twindowb (1)
Twindowf = Twindowb = 0.6
η pc = 0.15 Anode efficiency
N MCP = 1500 MCP Gain
Photons/electron
η ps = 200
Step2. The output of photon number N photon = N input × N gain (2)
N input = 100 ~ 2000
18
Preliminary Scheme Step3: coupling with Fiber Taper or Relay Lens
S photon = N photon ⋅ηt1 ⋅τ ft ⋅ηt 2 (3 − 1)
ηt1 , ηt2 and τft is fiber taper efficiency
ηt1 = 0.3,τ ft = 0.8,ηt 2 = 0.9
S photon = N photon × Eopt (3 − 2)
Eopt is relay lens efficiency
Eopt = 0.05
Step4: electrons produced by CCD
S electro = S photon ⋅ QECCD (4)
QECCD = 0.6
X  I  O  P  M  Preliminary Scheme SNR = 20 log
X  I  O  P  M  Selectro
2
2
NS photon + N circle + N electro
NS photon = S electro / Pnum / SNRII
Pnum = 16, SNRII = 30
N circle = 200
N electro = S electro / Pnum
signal to noise ra2o of the overall system
Relay lens coupling Fiber Taper coupling
100 photon
22dB
2000 photon
29.4dB
100 photon
28.3dB
2000 photon
29.5dB
2
(5)
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  Two types of coupling Weight: ~120 kg, Size: 450×450×670 (mm) -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐4 units
Relay Lens signal to noise ra2o of the overall system
Relay lens coupling Fiber taper coupling
100 photon
22dB
2000 photon
29.4dB
100 photon
28.3dB
2000 photon
29.5dB
Size: 600(L) x 460(W) x 350(H)mm Weight: 50Kg Taper -­‐-­‐-­‐ 4 units
The boeleneck of the overall system
SNR is at the image intensifier
whose SNR is about 30. 21
Preliminary Scheme Relay Lens Coupling
The fundamental considerations of
the optical design are listed as
below:
1.  Telecentric in the object space; 2.  Telecentric in the image space; 3.  The distor=on of the relay lens shall be designed to be less of 0.5% (rela=vely), or compensate the distor=on brought by the image intensifier(if it is determinable); 4.  The magnifica=on of the relay lens is -­‐0.25; 5.  The uniformity of RMS is required, the RMS radius of each FOV shall be no larger than 90 micrometer. X  I  O  P  M  One problem bothers us is
the coupling efficiency of
the relay lens. From the
schematic shows left, we
can see that the object
space NA determines the
amount of light to be
collected.
In the relay lens coupling scheme, the 75mm 2th generation image intensifier provided by Photek
22
will be used to accomplish the light signal collection.
Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  Relay Lens Coupling
Considering both of relay lens performance and
space application requirements, a preliminary
design result is shown as below:
Design Result
Object space NA
0.15
Magnification
-0.25
Object height
75mm
The reason we use a curved object plane is
to compensate the Petzval field curvature.
As the object plane bend towards the relay
lens, the Petzval surface is moving along
with it, as shown in the schematic below.
Also, the curvature
of the object plane
affects the aperture
o f t h e l e n s
significantly
PS: the object plane is the output window of the II. and the curve can be
achieved by adding a concave plate or reforming the window itself
signal to noise ra2o of the overall system
Relay lens coupling 100 photon
22dB
2000 photon
29.4dB
23
Preliminary Scheme Taper Coupling
Weight：~ 11Kg
Size:286 (L)× 236 (W) ×320 (H)mm
Structure of Single Unit
Structure of the System
signal to noise ra2o of the overall system
Taper coupling
100 photon
28.3dB
2000 photon
29.5dB
X  I  O  P  M  Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  CCD Performance Descrip2on Parameter
Value or Description
Architecture
Back illuminated 1024 x
1024,
vertical frame transfer
Pixel Size:
Optical Fill Factor
Frame Rate
Spectral Response
Quantum Efficiency
25 µm×25 µm
100%
≥500fps
400nm-700nm
73%
77%
75%
69%
≥50%
Readout Noise
<40e- rms
Full Well Signal
≥500,000 e-
Possible Binning
4×4
45%
25
According to the technical requirement of the system, the CCD performance parameters are mapped out preliminarily. Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  CCD Performance Descrip2on Signal Processing Circuit
The focus plane circuit is composed of four modules: à Voltage Regulator Focus Plane Circuit
Video Signals CCD
Signal
Output
Stage
A/D
Several low dropout linear regulators are used to supply the power for different voltage requirements of CCD sensor and CCD drivers. CCD Sensor
à CCD Driver CMOS drivers with high speed and high capaci=ve drive capability are used to convert the TTL =ming signals to level-­‐shiKing driving clocks. Driving Clocks
FPGA
à CCD sensor CCD Driver
Timing Signals
The custom designed CCD sensor is the core component of focus plane circuit, which converts the light signal to electric video signal. à CCD Signal Output Stage Power
Supply
For insula=ng and protec=ng CCD sensor, a triode emieer-­‐follower circuit is applied as the output stage to Signal Processing Circuit Unit. Voltage Regulator
Func2onal Block Diagram of Focus Plane Circuit Successful Experience-­‐-­‐-­‐ in satellite for CAST Ø 1024 x 256 pixels and up to 720fps;
Ø  OM7560 is applied as CCD signal processor;
Ø ISL7457 is used as CCD driver
VCC
+
+
12
16
Tming Signal
11
SNV54ACT04J
10
2
1
5
ISL7457SRHVF
15
Driving Clock
4
9
DGND
V-bias
DGND
3
14
ISL7457SRHVF
26
Preliminary Scheme Ground Test Module
CAMERA LINK
Data acquisi2on card
PC IE X4
CCD
Image Intensifier
RS 232
Data rate: > 7.8GbPS
Transmiwng frequency: 119200bps
Image Data Acquisi2on
Signal Proper2es Signal Name PC
Interface Requirements X  I  O  P  M  Digital signal
Control Signal Part
Digital signal
Video signal, Image intensifier gain Stored signal, adjus=ng signal , image Mode selec=on intensifier =ming delay signal
Transmission Mode CAMERA LINK
RS232 & CAMERA LINK
Performance
Camera interface
2 Base or 1 Medium
CCD Format
Base or Medium Camera Link
Pixel clock
Bits per pixel
MAX 85 MHz
8、10、12、
14、16
BUS
SoeWare
PCIe x4 Sapera LT, 32/64-­‐bit
Func2onal requirement 1. Receiving the vidio signal from the CCD Camera and stored in the PC disk ； 2. Through the RS232 interface to send to the image intensifier gain adjustment and delay adjustment signal ；
27
3. Communica=on and CCD Camera ；4. The video signal is displayed in the PC .
Preliminary Scheme Image Display Soeware’s Role in System X  I  O  P  M  The soKware receives images by accessing the acquisi=on card on computer, then stores the images to high-­‐speed disk array. The soKware access images stored on disk and displays them on the screen. In addi=on, the soKware controls image intensifier and CCD camera through COM port.
Image Display Soeware UI UI contains a menu bar, toolbar, status bar, logging window, control panel and display area. Toolbar contains COM port sewngs. Status bar is used to display image info. Logging window is used to show running state and info. Control panel is used to control image display, CCD camera and image intensifier. Display area is used to show images and pixel values.
28 Preliminary Scheme X  I  O  P  M  ICCD Calibra2on Program 3 Steps: Ø  Sensi=vity calibra=on、Imaging quality test of the CCD Ø  Sensi=vity calibra=on、Imaging quality test of the
Image Intensifier tubes; Ø  Sensi=vity calibra=on、Imaging quality test of the ICCD.
Screening Can
Lamp
Aperture
slot
Shutter
ICCD
stage
L
Guide rail
Optical table
Imaging quality Parameters：
1. Limi=ng Resolu=on 2. Modula=on Transfer Func=on (MTF) 3. Signal To Noise Ra=o (S/N) 4. Blemishes (dark spots, white spots, chicken wire) 5. Output Brightness Uniformity 7. Useful cathode diameter 8. Image Alignment 9. Distor=on 12.Magnifica=on 14.Fixed paeern noise Schema2c Diagram of ICCD Calibra2on Sensi2vity calibra2on Parameter：
1. Luminous Sensi=vity 2. Radiant Sensi=vity 3. Satura=on Level
4. Equivalent Background Input
5. Gain
Purpose: Establish the quan=ta=ve rela=on between the input illumina=on and the output DN of the ICCD. Key devices: Standard light source, MTF tester, Illuminometer X  I  O  P  M  V.  Cri2cal Test Cri=cal Test X  I  O  P  M  System for Coupling Op2cal-­‐taper with CCD
Monitor
Computer
system
Capture
card
Steppingmotor control
console
Fixed
platform
Optical image
system
Fixed
platform
Optical-taper
I/O
Stepping
motor
Fig . Original
CCD
Working
stage
coupled with CCD object picture
Ø  The system for coupling op=cal fiber-­‐taper with CCD is based on image processing technique by using image-­‐evalua=on func=on . Ø  By experiments, it is proved that a higher accuracy is achieved. This method successfully resolves the problem how to obtain the best efficiency of coupling during the coupling process. Ø  At present, we have completed CCD coupled with the fiber taper which applies in the laboratory, and we are op=mizing the system to meet the mechanical shock, heat shock and other space environment.
Cri=cal Test X  I  O  P  M  Aerospace Environment Analyses : Ø  The finite element analyses(FEA) of the mechanical structure and Heat in the space environment; Ø  The analyses of magne=c in the space environment; Ø  The choice of the materials. Test : Ø  Mechanics and heat in the space environment; Ø  Magne=c in the space environment Fig. X direc2on
Fig. Y direc2on
X  I  O  P  M  VI.  Schedule of Mission Schedule of Mission ID
1
2
3
任务名称
负责人员
开始时间
完成
国产像增强，光锥的
2012-082012-07-30
王博，张宏健
17
采购
光锥的光纤定位方案 张宏建，王博，石大
2012/7/30 2012/9/11
研究
莲
持续
时间
2012/7/30
2012/8/15
13d
4
胶合定位软件仿真
刘满林，张宏健
（配合）
2012/7/30
2012/8/9
9d
5
关键器件的落实（指 王博，张宏健，皮海
标，渠道，购买）
峰，王乐
2012/8/6
2012/9/20
34d
6
1/4原理样机的详细
设计及研制方法
王博，张宏健，皮海
峰，刘永征，李勇，
刘满林，石大莲
2012/8/6
2012/9/5
23d
7
详细设计审阅
胡老师，王乐，白永
林，高晓惠等
2012/9/5
2012/9/7
3d
8
电子元器件的采购
武琪敬
2012/8/8
2012/9/18
30d
9
CCD开窗工艺设计
王耀祥
2012/8/7
2012/8/28
16d
10
开窗工艺评审
王乐，高晓惠组织
2012/8/29
2012/8/31
3d
11
胶合工艺设计
张宏健，王博，刘永
征
2012/8/16
2012/9/7
17d
12
胶合工艺评审
王乐，高晓惠组织
2012-09-10
2012-0912
3d
13
结构件的投产
李勇，刘满林
2012/8/24
2012/11/1
50d
像增强器，光锥，
CCD胶合工艺摸索
力学验证实验CCD成
像电路投产，调试
1/4原理样机CCD成
像电路投产，调试
张宏健，王博，刘永
征
2012-08-24 2012/11/1
50d
地检设备研制
16
17
18
19
刘永征，皮海峰
2012/8/24
刘永征，皮海峰
2012/9/24 2012/12/11 57d
武琪敬，李然
2012/8/21
张宏健，王博，刘永
胶合实验系统联试
征
胶合效果的力学验证 张宏健，王博，刘永
实验
征
2012/10/2
2012/10/9
8/12
8/19
2012年 09月
8/26
9/2
9/9
9/16
2012年 10月
9/23
9/30
10/7
10/14 10/21 10/28
2012年 11月
11/4
11/11 11/18 11/25
2012年 12月
12/2
12/9
12/16 12/23 12/30
2013年 01月
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
32d
张宏建
15
8/5
15d
定制耦合调整平台
14
2012年 08月
7/29
X  I  O  P  M  28d
36d
2012-10-02 2012/10/17 12d
2012/10/18 2012/11/7
15d
20
1/4原理样机联试
张宏健，王博，刘永
系统总体指标验证
征，张晓荣
（总体关心的指标）
2012/11/19 2013/1/18
45d
21
项目验收，研制资料 王博，张宏健，皮海
整理
峰，刘永征，武琪敬
2013/1/15
2013-0129
11d
34
Schedule of Mission Phase D
Phase C
Phase B
2018
2020
2014
Phase A
Phase 0
2016
Phase E
launch
X  I  O  P  M  2012
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
Phase E
System Concept
Defini=on – System Specifica=on
Development-­‐ Preliminary Design
Produc=on-­‐ Cri=cal Opera=on
Design & First Ar=cle Configura=on
35
X  I  O  P  M  ALL ARE WELCOME TO XI’ AN