Lecture 5 Early Fishes

Lecture 5
Early Fishes
1.  Actinopterygii
2.  Cladistia
3.  Chondrostei
4.  Neopterygii
1.  Teleostei
2.  Osteoglossomorpha
3.  Elopomorpha
4.  Clupeomorpha
5.  Ostaryophysi
6.  Protacanthopterygii
Lecture 5
Early Fishes
Class Subclass
Actinopterygii
Cladistia
Chondrostei
Neopterygii
Division
Subdivision
Teleostei
Osteoglossomorpha
Elopomorpha
Ostarioclupeomorpha
Euteleostei
Actinopterygii
Ray-finned fishes
Scales ganoid, cycloid, or ctenoid
Sister taxon of the Sarcopterygians, but with Acanthodians, forms the Teleostomi
3 subclasses, Cladistia, Chondrostei, Neopterygii
Subclass Cladistia
Bichirs, Ropefishes, Order Polypteriformes
Rhombic ganoid scales
Polypterus
Erpetoichthys
Polypterid
distribution
Subclass Chondrostei
Classification is very insecure
Many extinct orders, only one extant order:
Acipenseriformes
Acipenseriformes
Two extant familes:
Acipenseridae
Polyodontidae
Heterocercal tail, Intestine with spiral valve, fin rays
more numerous than their basals
Acipenseridae
Acipenser
Huso
Polyodontidae
Chinese paddlefish - Psephurus gladius
Subclass Neopterygii
Fin rays equal in numbers to their supports in dorsal and anal fins
Pterygiophores
Lepisosteiformes
Long-nosed gar
Ganoid scales
Breathes at the surface
May enter salt water
Up to 3 meters
Alligator gar
Amiiformes
Bowfin - Amia calva
Freshwater
Up to 3 feet - 20 pounds
Ganoid scales, surface breathing
Division Teleostei
96% of all extant fishes
27 anatomical synapomorphies, no molecular ones
Most important are the caudal skeleton
Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha
Mooneye, Goldeye
Hyodontiformes
Osteoglossiformes
Osteoglossiformes
Pantodon
Knife fish
Elephant fishes
Osteoglossiformes
Pirarucu - Arapaima gigas
Arowana
Subdivision Elopomorpha
Swimbladder not connected with ear
Leptocephalus larvae
Leptocephalus larvae
Development of Leptocephalus larva
Elopiformes
tarpons
Albuliformes
bonefishes
Anguilliformes
Eels and Morays
Freshwater eel migration
Subdivision - Ostarioclupeomorpha
Superorder Clupeomorpha
And
Superorder Ostariophysi
Mostly molecular synapomorphies
Anatomical synapomorphies involve inner ear and swimbladder
Superorder Clupeomorpha
Anterior extension of the swimbladder enters the skull Clupeiformes
Herring
School of anchovies
Superorder Ostariophysi
Synapomorphy: Schrekstoff - fright substance - hormone
Series Anotophysi
Milkfish - Gonorynchiformes
Series Otophysi
Synapomorphy:
Weberian apparatus
piranha
catfish
Subdivision Euteleostei
Synapomorphy: Retractor dorsalis - RAB