bach christmas oratorio - Dulwich Choral Society
Transcription
bach christmas oratorio - Dulwich Choral Society
BACH CHRISTMAS ORATORIO Old Royal Naval College Chapel, Greenwich Saturday 6 December 2014, 7.30pm Brockwell Art Services Established 1979 QUALITY PICTURE FRAMING 232-234 Railton Road, SE24 0JT Telephone 020 7274 7046 Open 11am-7pm weekdays 10am-6pm Saturday 35 years in Herne Hill www.brockwellart.co.uk ESTATE AGENTS VALUERS PROPERT Y MANAGERS Harvey & Wheeler are a long established professional independent Estate Agent concentrating on the upper end of the market for both sales and rentals in Dulwich and surrounding areas. We have sold some of the largest and most valuable houses to have come to the market here in the last thirty five years. Originally established in Belgravia in 1855 we also specialise in the sale of period property in South East London. As a small highly skilled team we aim to take great care of clients and buyers alike and to build a strong relationship based on trust and experience. We are open six days a week and are easily contactable outside of normal office hours if required. The office is situated in the centre of Dulwich Village. 020 8693 4321 www.harveywheeler.com [email protected] 27 Dulwich Village, London SE21 7BN Mon - Fri: 9am - 5.30pm, Sat: 9.30am - 4pm Saturday 6 December 2014, 7.30pm Old Royal Naval College Chapel, Greenwich DULWICH CHORAL SOCIETY SINFONIA BRITANNICA playing on period instruments JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (1685–1750) ELIN MANAHAN THOMAS soprano CATHERINE BACKHOUSE mezzo soprano ANDREW TORTISE tenor JONATHAN BROWN bass PART I: CHRISTMAS DAY PART II: SECOND DAY OF CHRISTMAS PART III: THIRD DAY OF CHRISTMAS PART VI: FEAST OF THE EPIPHANY AIDAN OLIVER conductor An interval of 25 minutes follows Part II Interval refreshments are available in the Undercroft Christmas Oratorio (BWV 248) Weihnachts-Oratorium Sinfonia Britannica Rodolfo Richter Leader SINFONIA BRITANNICA was formed in 1999 by the oboist Anthony Robson, and made its debut in a performance of Bach’s Mass in B minor at Eton College. It provides orchestras of the highest standard for a wide variety of choral and vocal groups, and it has rapidly become established as an outstanding and versatile ensemble. Its players, all specialists in historical performance, work regularly with the UK’s leading period instrument orchestras including the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, the Academy of Ancient Music and the Monteverdi Orchestra. Recently, Sinfonia Britannica appeared with opera by definition in their acclaimed production of Handel’s Tamerlano. Besides its many performances with choirs, it has appeared at the Windsor Festival, Canterbury Cathedral, St Paul’s Knightsbridge and at Covent Garden with the English Bach Festival. VIOLINS Rodolfo Richter (leader) Adrian Butterfield Catherine Ford Kirsten Klingels Roy Mowatt Stephen Rouse Diane Terry Catherine Weiss FLUTES Rachel Beckett Christine Garratt VIOLAS Jan Schlapp Marina Ascherson Colin Kitching BASSOON Robert Percival CELLOS Poppy Walshaw Jennifer Bullock BASS Timothy Amherst OBOES Richard Earle Steph Oatridge Gerry McDonald Debbie McDonald TRUMPETS Robert Vanryne Jonathan Impett Ruth Ross TIMPANI Timothy Evans ORGAN CONTINUO Alastair Ross PROGRAMME NOTES Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750): Christmas Oratorio, 1734 Bach was in his late 30s when he took up his post as Kantor of Leipzig’s Thomasschule in the early summer of 1723. He had previously been employed as Kapellmeister in the court of Cöthen and the new position represented a step down the social ladder. However, Leipzig was no ordinary town: it was an important centre for Lutheran liturgical music; its regular trade fairs formed the focus of a prosperous commercial life; the university enjoyed a formidable reputation. As Kantor, Bach was responsible for music at four of the town’s churches, he composed and directed music for major civic events and for many of the formal events at the university; and from 1729 he was director of the university’s collegium musicum, a student body that put on regular concerts twice a week and provided instrumentalists who played to acceptable professional standards. He probably saw his role as being the musical director of the town and it was unfortunate that the town council really wanted a Latin master who could organise musical activities in his spare time. There was constant tension between Bach and his employers. The Thomasschule was a boarding school which took between 50 and 60 pupils who provided four teams of singers for the town’s churches. The boys were selected on the basis of their musical ability but they enjoyed a fine formal education as well. The first choir class, consisting of the best 12 to 16 singers, was trained by the Kantor himself and covered the complete repertoire, including Bach’s own choral compositions as well as renaissance polyphony and elaborate chorale settings. Three other choirs were trained by prefects drawn from among the oldest and most experienced boys. The second choir sang the same repertoire as the first choir and between them they provided sung services alternately at the Thomaskirche and the Nikolaikirche, Leipzig’s civic church. The third choir sang a less demanding repertoire for the Mathäeikirche, whilst the training choir sang unison chants at the Petrikirche. In Bach’s day, boys’ voices tended to break when they were in their late teens and older boys, whose voices were already darkening but had not yet broken, sang alto lines. In consequence, Bach was able to call upon soprano and alto lines with many years of training and experience well able to cope with the musical and physical demands that he made upon them. On special occasions and important feast days the first and second choirs joined together into an expert choir of around 30 to 40 voices; because this involved amalgamating the choirs of two churches, performances were regularly duplicated between the two venues in the morning and the afternoon. Regular Sunday services began at 7 am and lasted for three hours. The main contributions from the choir consisted of an introit drawn from the 16th century polyphonic repertoire, sung unaccompanied apart from a harpsichord continuo, and a cantata with instrumental accompaniment. The cantata was sung after the Gospel reading and before the Creed and the sermon and it normally took the form of a meditation on a theme from the Gospel for the day. The services were strictly timetabled and Bach only rarely exceeded the 30 minutes allocated to the cantata. Bach’s first musical priority on taking up the post of Kantor was to compose cantatas for the Sundays and feast days of the liturgical year; each annual cycle required about 60 cantatas and he completed four of them during his first five years at Leipzig. The fifth and final series took rather longer and he seems to have been still working on it into the 1740s. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) portrait by Hausmann, 1746. As Kantor of the Thomasschule in Leipzig, Bach directed liturgical, civic and university music for the town. This portrait from the municipal ‘hall of fame’ shows the sitter at the time of his 60th birthday. notes were found in the middle register, whilst scale patterns could only be played in the extreme treble. The clarino technique for playing these stratospheric parts was notorious for the physical and technical demands that it made upon players. Working with Reiche gave Bach the opportunity to write some of his most exciting and demanding trumpet parts. Reiche’s portrait by Haussmann shows him holding a tightlycoiled trumpet. Trumpet-shaped trumpets were the prerogative of royalty and were used as a privilege in some towns – of which Leipzig was not one. Evidently the Leipzig trumpeters were permitted to play the parts but the town was not allowed to enjoy the drama and pageantry of the spectacle provided by fanfare trumpeters. Gottfried Reiche (1667–1734) portrait by Haussmann, 1726. This portrait was commissioned by the town as part of a series showing notables from the civic, commercial and cultural life of Leipzig. It shows the trumpet-player Reiche at about the time of his 60th birthday. Leipzig had a distinctive liturgical practice, which regarded Advent as a penitential season as well as Lent. After celebrating the first Sunday of Advent, the remaining Sundays were regarded as tempus clausum, when complex vocal music was replaced by settings in a more austere style. The Christmas Season was marked by celebratory music with amalgamated choral resources and a larger orchestra than usual. During his first year at Leipzig, Bach composed festal cantatas for Christmas day, the feast of St Stephen (26 December), the feast of St John the Evangelist (27 December), the feast of the Circumcision (1 January) and the feast of the Epiphany (6 January) as well as for the Sunday services on 2 and 9 January. Bach could call on enlarged instrumental resources for these occasions. Leipzig employed a small group of Stadtpfeifer (the town musicians), who were expected to perform on a range of brass, woodwind and bowed stringed instruments. Obviously they could not play all of them at once and members of the university collegium musicum were called in to fill out the ensemble. The Stadtpfeifer were led by Gottfried Reiche (1667–1734), an outstanding clarino trumpet player. Before the introduction of valve systems for brass instruments in the 19th century, players were limited to the notes of the harmonic series – bugle call Bach introduced something of a novelty for the Christmas celebrations of 1734–1735: instead of composing individual stand-alone cantatas for each of the Sundays and feast days of the Christmas season he wrote six separate cantatas, which could be performed as a complete work with its own narrative and musical coherence. This is the work now known to us as the Christmas Oratorio. Much of the music is shared with a series of secular cantatas marking major festivities in the royal house of Saxony; these had been performed in the town during the previous year as part of celebrations which included ‘illuminations’ – decorating the town with lanterns, candles and torches. Sadly, Reiche died suddenly the day after the last of these performances and local gossip attributed his death to the demands of the trumpet writing combined with the smoke from the torches and lanterns. Although the demanding trumpet parts of the ‘Christmas Oratorio’ rework those of the secular cantatas and were performed after Reiche’s death, Bach was never to write trumpet parts like them again. During 1734 and 1735 Bach appears to have been working on a cycle of oratorios for major feasts of the liturgical year. The other two which have survived, for the feasts of Easter and Ascension, also contain substantial reworkings of material taken from secular cantatas; this can scarcely be a coincidence and Bach presumably felt that works intended for the regular feast days stood a better chance of staying in the repertoire than the essentially ephemeral secular cantatas which would be discarded once the festivities were over. As it happens, Bach’s music did fall into obscurity after his death but this was a matter of fashion. Serious musicians continued to revere Bach and to perform his music in private, although they felt that it was too ‘difficult’ for the general public. Mendelssohn was among the musicians who pioneered the public performance of Bach’s music from the 1820s onwards. The Bach Gesellschaft, founded in 1850 to mark the centenary of Bach’s death, published a score of the ‘Christmas Oratorio’ in 1855. Excerpts were first performed in London at the Royal Academy of Music in 1868 and the full work, in an edition published by Novello, was performed in December 1874 under the direction of Joseph Barnby. Dr Frances Palmer Notes on the individual cantatas Part I of the Christmas Oratorio celebrates the birth of Christ in aptly jubilant mood. The striking opening to the first chorus belies its original secular context, a birthday cantata for the Electress of Saxony, which drums and trumpets were urged to celebrate. After the Evangelist tells of the arrival of Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem, a buoyant alto aria exhorts the faithful (Zion) to prepare for Christ’s coming, before a chorale considers what this means at a personal level; the use of the famous 'Passion chorale' melody (familiar to us from Bach’s St John Passion) is doubtless intended to link Christ’s birth to his ultimate sacrifice on the cross. A short recitative describing Mary laying the child in the manger leads to a hybrid movement musing on Christ’s healing mission, in which lines from a Christmas chorale are sung by the sopranos and interleaved with reflective comments from the basses. Trumpets and drums return for the final two movements, which underscore the power and kingship of the Christ-child. Your applause between Parts I and II is welcome The trumpets and drums are rested for Part II, to be substituted by two deep-toned oboes da caccia, who soon make their presence felt in the lilting opening Sinfonia, one of the few numbers to be specially written for the oratorio. The subject of this Part is the Angel's announcement of Christ’s birth to the shepherds, and the piping oboes make a memorable contribution to its warmly pastoral flavour. The Evangelist then describes the shepherds in the fields, before a chorale excitedly anticipates the next recitative, in which the Angel utters the famous words: ‘Fear not, ... for unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord’. A light-footed tenor aria with flute obbligato encourages the shepherds to hurry to see the child, sentiments echoed in the succeeding group of recitatives and chorales, until we reach an alto aria cast as a rich and comforting lullaby. The Evangelist returns to announce the appearance of the heavenly host, who are brilliantly evoked in a joyful chorus Ehre sei Gott. The final chorale brilliantly unites heaven and earth in lilting harmony by combining both the flutes of the angels and the oboes of the shepherds. INTERVAL The trumpets and drums return for Part III, which deals with the shepherds’ adoration of the baby Jesus. It opens with a brief chorus of praise, after which the Evangelist tells of the shepherds’ journey to Bethlehem and the chorus (now back in character) recreates its excited babble. A bass recitative and a chorale remind us that God has made this happen for all of us, before a cheerful soprano and bass duet offers wonder at his mercy and compassion. The Evangelist relates how the shepherds spread the good news, and an alto aria resolves to make the ‘blissful miracle’ the foundation of faith. Thought to have been composed specifically for the purpose, this aria, with its steady tread and tender violin solo, seems to be particularly heartfelt in its fervour. An alto recitative and a chorale echo these feelings; the Evangelist informs us that the shepherds have returned to their flocks, and there is one last chorale urging joy before Part 3 ends with a reprise of the first chorus. Your applause between Parts III and VI is welcome Part VI is again coloured by the celebratory sound of trumpets and drums, and another dancing opening chorus, this time asking God for a strong faith with which to resist all enemies. The Evangelist tells how Herod (represented by the bass soloist) summons the Wise Men and sends them into Bethlehem to find the young child of whom he has heard. The soprano warns us in a horrified recitative that Herod intends only to kill Jesus, and goes on in a resolute aria to relate how the saviour's strength can overcome the pride of any opponent. The Evangelist then describes the Wise Men’s arrival at the stable and their presentation of gifts, before a chorale suggests that all of us have something to give Jesus, namely our spirits and minds. Warned of Herod’s purpose, the Wise Men slip away home, but the tenor declares an unswerving devotion to Jesus in an ardent recitative, before boldly boasting that no-one need have fear while Christ is by their side. All four soloists reiterate this in a brief joint recitative, and the Christmas Oratorio ends with a richly decorated version of the 'Passion chorale' rejoicing in Christ’s victory over death, devil, sin and hell. Notes compiled by Aidan Oliver TEXT AND TRANSLATION PART 1 Cantata for the First Day of Christmas 1. Chor Jauchzet, frohlocket, auf, preiset die Tage, Rühmet, was heute der Höchste getan! Lasset das Zagen, verbannet die Klage, Stimmet voll Jauchzen und Fröhlichkeit an! Dienet dem Höchsten mit herrlichen Chören, Laßt uns den Namen des Herrschers verehren! 1. Chorus Celebrate, rejoice, rise up and praise these days, glorify what the Highest has done today! Abandon despair, banish laments, sound forth full of delight and happiness! Serve the Highest with glorious choruses, let us honour the name of the Supreme Ruler! 2. Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Es begab sich aber zu der Zeit, daß ein Gebot von dem Kaiser Augusto ausging, daß alle Welt geschätzet würde. Und jedermann ging, daß er sich schätzen ließe, ein jeglicher in seine Stadt. Da machte sich auch auf Joseph aus Galiläa, aus der Stadt Nazareth, in das jüdische Land zur Stadt David, die da heißet Bethlehem; darum, daß er von dem Hause und Geschlechte David war: auf daß er sich schätzen ließe mit Maria, seinem vertrauten Weibe, die war schwanger. Und als sie daselbst waren, kam die Zeit, daß sie gebären sollte. (Luke 2:1, 3–6) 2. Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) It came to pass at that time, however, that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that the whole world should be appraised. And everyone went to be appraised, each to his own city. So Joseph also went out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into the Jewish territory to the city of David, which was called Bethlehem; since he was of the house and race of David; so that he might be appraised with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was pregnant. And while they were there, the time came for her to deliver. 3. Rezitativ – Alto Nun wird mein liebster Bräutigam, Nun wird der Held aus Davids Stamm Zum Trost, zum Heil der Erden Einmal geboren werden. Nun wird der Stern aus Jakob scheinen, Sein Strahl bricht schon hervor. Auf, Zion, und verlasse nun das Weinen, Dein Wohl steigt hoch empor! 3. Recitative – Alto Now my dearest Bridegroom, now the hero from David’s branch, for the comfort, for the salvation of the earth, will be born at last. Now the Star out of Jacob will shine, its light already breaks forth. Arise, Zion, and give up your weeping now, your happiness rises high above you! 4. Arie – Alto Bereite dich, Zion, mit zärtlichen Trieben, Den Schönsten, den Liebsten bald bei dir zu sehn! Deine Wangen Müssen heut viel schöner prangen, Eile, den Bräutigam sehnlichst zu lieben! 4. Aria – Alto Prepare yourself, Sion, with tender efforts, to behold your lovely one, your beloved, near you soon! Your cheeks must now glow much more radiantly, hurry to love the Bridegroom with passion! 5. Choral Wie soll ich dich empfangen Und wie begegn' ich dir? O aller Welt Verlangen, O meiner Seelen Zier! O Jesu, Jesu, setze Mir selbst die Fackel bei, Damit, was dich ergötze, Mir kund und wissend sei! 5. Chorale How shall I embrace You, and how encounter You? O desire of the whole world, O adornment of my soul! O Jesus, Jesus, place the torch near me Yourself, so that what gives You pleasure be known and familiar to me! 6. Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und sie gebar ihren ersten Sohn und wickelte ihn in Windeln und legte ihn in eine Krippen, denn sie hatten sonst keinen Raum in der Herberge. (Luke 2:7) 6. Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And she bore her first son, and wrapped Him in swaddling clothes and laid Him in a manger, since there was no other room in the inn. 7. Choral (Sop) und Rezitativ (Bass) Er ist auf Erden kommen arm, Wer will die Liebe recht erhöhn, Die unser Heiland vor uns hegt? Daß er unser sich erbarm, Ja, wer vermag es einzusehen, Wie ihn der Menschen Leid bewegt? Und in dem Himmel mache reich, Des Höchsten Sohn kömmt in die Welt, Weil ihm ihr Heil so wohl gefällt, Und seinen lieben Engeln gleich. So will er selbst als Mensch geboren werden. Kyrieleis! 7. Chorale (Sop) and Recitative (Bass) He came to earth poor, Who can rightly exalt this love, that our Saviour harbours for us? So that He might have sympathy for us, Indeed, who could possibly have predicted how the sorrow of humanity moved Him? And make us rich in heaven, The Son of the Highest came into the world, since its salvation pleased Him so much, and like His dear angels. thus He Himself will be born a human. Kyrie eleison! 8. Arie – Bass Großer Herr, o starker König, Liebster Heiland, o wie wenig Achtest du der Erden Pracht! Der die ganze Welt erhält, Ihre Pracht und Zier erschaffen, Muß in harten Krippen schlafen. 8. Aria – Bass Great Lord, o powerful King, dearest Saviour, o how little you care about the glories of the earth! He who sustains the entire world, who created its magnificence and beauty, must sleep in a harsh manger. 9. Choral Ach mein herzliebes Jesulein, Mach dir ein rein sanft Bettelein, Zu ruhn in meines Herzens Schrein, Daß ich nimmer vergesse dein! 9. Chorale Ah, my heart’s beloved little Jesus, make Yourself a pure, soft little bed within my heart’s chamber in which to rest, so that I never forget You! PART II Cantata for the 2nd Day of Christmas 1. (10.) Sinfonia 1. (10.) Sinfonia 2. (11.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und es waren Hirten in derselben Gegend auf dem Felde bei den Hürden, die hüteten des Nachts ihre Herde. Und siehe, des Herren Engel trat zu ihnen, und die Klarheit des Herren leuchtet um sie, und sie furchten sich sehr. (Luke 2:8–9) 2. (11.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And there were shepherds in the same region in the fields near the sheepfolds, who guarded their flock at night. And behold, the angel of the Lord approached them, and the brilliance of the Lord shone around them and they were very afraid. 3. (12.) Choral Brich an, o schönes Morgenlicht, Und laß den Himmel tagen! Du Hirtenvolk, erschrecke nicht, Weil dir die Engel sagen, Daß dieses schwache Knäbelein Soll unser Trost und Freude sein, Dazu den Satan zwingen Und letztlich Friede bringen! 3. (12.) Chorale Break forth, o lovely light of morning, and let heaven dawn! You shepherd-folk, do not fear, for the angel tells you that this weak little boy shall be our comfort and joy, compelling Satan as well and bringing peace at last! 4. (13.) Rezitativ – Tenor, Sop (Evangelist, Engel) Und der Engel sprach zu ihnen: 4. (13.) Recitative – Tenor, Sop (Evangelist, Angel) And the angel said to them: “Fürchtet euch nicht, siehe, ich verkündige euch große Freude, die allem Volke widerfahren wird. Denn euch ist heute der Heiland geboren, welcher ist Christus, der Herr, in der Stadt David.” (Luke 2: 10–11) “Do not be afraid; behold, I proclaim great joy for you, which will occur for all people. For today the Saviour is born for you, which is Christ, the Lord, in the city of David.” 5. (14.) Rezitativ – Bass Was Gott dem Abraham verheißen, Das läßt er nun dem Hirtenchor Erfüllt erweisen. Ein Hirt hat alles das zuvor Von Gott erfahren müssen. Und nun muß auch ein Hirt die Tat, Was er damals versprochen hat, Zuerst erfüllet wissen. 5. (14.) Recitative – Bass What God promised to Abraham, now, fulfilled, He has had announced to the group of shepherds. A shepherd, then, first of all, had experience of God. And now, also, a shepherd is first of all to know the fulfilment of what once was promised. 6. (15.) Arie – Tenor Frohe Hirten, eilt, ach eilet, Eh ihr euch zu lang verweilet, Eilt, das holde Kind zu sehn! Geht, die Freude heißt zu schön, Sucht die Anmut zu gewinnen, Geht und labet Herz und Sinnen! 6. (15.) Aria – Tenor Happy shepherds, hurry, ah hurry, before you delay too long, hurry to see the lovely Child! Go, this joy is so exquisite, seek to achieve this loveliness, go and delight heart and senses! 7. (16.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und da habt zum Zeichen: Ihr werdet finden das Kind in Windeln gewickelt und in einer Krippe liegen. (Luke 2:12) 7. (16.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And there you will have as a sign: you will find the Child wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger. 8. (17.) Choral Schaut hin, dort liegt im finstern Stall, Des Herrschaft gehet überall! Da Speise vormals sucht ein Rind, Da ruhet itzt der Jungfrau'n Kind. 8. (17.) Chorale Look there, there He lies in a dark stall, whose majesty encompasses everything! Where once an ox searched for food, now the Child of the Virgin rests. 9. (18.) Rezitativ – Bass So geht denn hin, ihr Hirten, geht, Daß ihr das Wunder seht: Und findet ihr des Höchsten Sohn Un einer harten Krippe liegen, So singet ihm bei seiner Wiegen Aus einem süßen Ton Und mit gesamtem Chor Dies Lied zur Ruhe vor! 9. (18.) Recitative – Bass Then go there, you shepherds, go, so that you see the miracle: and when you find the Son of the Highest lying in a harsh manger, then sing to Him by His cradle in a sweet tone and with full chorus this lullaby! 10. (19.) Arie – Alto Schlafe, mein Liebster, genieße der Ruh, Wach nach diesem vor aller Gedeihen! Labe die Brust, Empfinde die Lust, Wo wir unser Herz erfreuen! 10. (19.) Aria – Alto Sleep, my beloved, enjoy Your rest, and awaken after it for all the fortunate! Let your heart delight, experience the joy that rejoices our hearts! 11. (20.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und alsobald war da bei dem Engel die Menge der himmlischen Heerscharen, die lobten Gott und sprachen: (Luke 2:13) 11. (20.) Recitative –Tenor (Evangelist) And immediately, with the angel, there was a throng of the heavenly hosts, who praised God and said: 12. (21.) Chor (Die Engel) “Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe und Friede auf Erden und den Menschen ein Wohlgefallen.” (Luke 2:14) 12. (21). Chorus (The Angels) “Glory be to God in the highest and peace on earth and a happy occurrence for humanity.” 13. (22.) Rezitativ – Bass So recht, ihr Engel, jauchzt und singet, Daß es uns heut so schön gelinget! Auf denn! Wir stimmen mit euch ein, Uns kann es so wie euch erfreun. 13. (22.) Recitative – Bass Thus rightly, you angels, rejoice and sing, that it works out so beautifully for us today! Up then! We play along with you; we can celebrate just as you do. 14. (23.) Choral Wir singen dir in deinem Heer Aus aller Kraft Lob, Preis und Ehr, Daß du, o lang gewünschter Gast, Dich nunmehr eingestellet hast. 14. (23.) Chorale We sing to You in Your host with all our might praise, glory and honour, since You, o long-awaited guest, from now on have become present. PART III Cantata for the 3rd Day of Christmas 1. (24.) Chor Herrscher des Himmels, erhöre das Lallen, Laß dir die matten Gesänge gefallen, Wenn dich dein Zion mit Psalmen erhöht! Höre der Herzen frohlockendes Preisen, Wenn wir dir itzo die Ehrfurcht erweisen, Weil unsre Wohlfahrt befestiget steht! 1. (24.) Chorus Ruler of Heaven, hear the murmur, let the dull songs be pleasing to You, when Your Zion exalts You with psalms! Hear the delightful praises of our hearts, when we acknowledge our present awe of You, since our pilgrimage has been confirmed! 2. (25.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und da die Engel von ihnen gen Himmel fuhren, sprachen die Hirten untereinander: (Luke 2:15) 2. (25.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And when the angels went away from them towards heaven, the shepherds said to one another: 3. (26.) Chor “Lasset uns nun gehen gen Bethlehem und die Geschichte sehen, die da geschehen ist, die uns der Herr kundgetan hat.” (Luke 2:15) 3. (26.) Chorus “Let us go now towards Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened there, which the Lord has announced to us.” 4. (27.) Rezitativ – Bass Er hat sein Volk getröst', Er hat sein Israel erlöst, Die Hülf aus Zion hergesendet Und unser Leid geendet. Seht, Hirten, dies hat er getan; Geht, dieses trefft ihr an! 4. (27.) Recitative – Bass He has comforted His people, He has rescued His Israel, sending help out of Zion and ending our sorrow. Look, shepherds, He has done this; go, this is what awaits you! 5. (28.) Choral Dies hat er alles uns getan, Sein groß Lieb zu zeigen an; Des freu sich alle Christenheit Und dank ihm des in Ewigkeit. Kyrieleis! 5. (28.) Chorale All this He has done for us, to indicate His great love; for this all Christianity rejoices and thanks Him for it in eternity. Kyrie eleison! 6. (29.) Arie (Duett) – Soprano, Bass Herr, dein Mittleid, dein Erbarmen Tröstet uns und macht uns frei. Deine holde Gunst und Liebe, Deine wundersamen Triebe Machen deine Vatertreu Wieder neu. 6. (29.) Aria (Duet) – Soprano, Bass Lord, your compassion, your mercy comforts us and makes us free. Your gracious favour and love, Your miraculous doings make Your fatherly devotion renewed again. 7. (30.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und sie kamen eilend und funden beide, Mariam und Joseph, dazu das Kind in der Krippe liegen. Da sie es aber gesehen hatten, breiteten sie das Wort aus, welches zu ihnen von diesem Kind gesaget war. Und alle, für die es kam, wunderten sich der Rede, die ihnen dir Hirten gesaget hatten. Maria aber behielt alle diese Worte und bewegte sie in ihrem Herzen. (Luke 2:16–19) 7. (30.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And they came hastily and found both Mary and Joseph, along with the child lying in the manger. When they had seen it, however, they spread the word around, that had been spoken about this child. And everyone to whom it came marvelled at the sayings that the shepherds had told them. Mary however kept all these words and pondered them in her heart. 8. (31.) Arie – Alto Schließe, mein Herze, dies selige Wunder Fest in deinem Glauben ein! Lasse dies Wunder, die göttlichen Werke, Immer zur Stärke Deines schwachen Glaubens sein! 8. (31.) Aria – Alto Enclose, my heart, these blessed miracles fast within your faith! Let these wonders, these divine works, forever be the reinforcement of your weak faith! 9. (32.) Rezitativ – Alto Ja, ja, mein Herz soll es bewahren, Was es an dieser holden Zeit Zu seiner Seligkeit Für sicheren Beweis erfahren. 9. (32.) Recitative – Alto Yes, yes, my heart shall cherish this, what it has experienced at this glorious time for its blessedness as a sure revelation. 10. (33.) Choral Ich will dich mit Fleiß bewahren, Ich will dir Leben hier, Dir will ich abfahren, Mit dir will ich endlich schweben Voller Freud Ohne Zeit Dort im andern Leben. 10. (33.) Chorale I will cherish You assiduously, I will live for You here, to You will I depart, with You, at last, I will float full of joy, endlessly, there in the other life. 11. (34.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und die Hirten kehrten wieder um, preiseten und lobten Gott um alles, das sie gesehen und gehöret hatten, wie denn zu ihnen gesaget war. (Luke 2:20) 11. (34.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And the shepherds went back again, praising and glorifying God for everything that they had seen and heard, as it had been spoken to them. 12. (35.) Choral Sei froh dieweil, Das euer Heil Ist hie ein Gott und auch ein Mensch geboren, Der, welcher ist Der Herr und Christ In Davids Stadt, von vielen auserkoren. 12. (35.) Chorale Meanwhile, be happy, for your salvation is born here a God and also a person, He, who is the Lord and Christ in David’s city, chosen out of many. 1. (24.) Chor wiederholt. 1. (24.) Opening chorus repeated. PART VI Cantata for the Feast of Epiphany 1. (54.) Chor Herr, wenn die stolzen Feinde schnauben, So gib, daß wir im festen Glauben Nach deiner Macht und Hülfe sehn! Wir wollen dir allein vertrauen, So können wir den scharfen Klauen Des Feindes unversehrt entgehn. 1. (54.) Chorus Lord, when our proud enemies snarl, then grant that, in firm faith, we can look for Your help and strength! We will trust in You alone, thus we can escape the sharp claws of the enemy unscathed. 2. (55.) Rezitativ – Tenor, Bass (Evangelist, Herodes) Da berief Herodes die Weisen heimlich und erlernet mit Fleiß von ihnen, wenn der Stern erschienen wäre. Und weiset sie gen Bethlehem und sprach: “Ziehet hin und forschet fleißig nach dem Kindlein, und wenn ihr's findet, sagt mir's wieder, daß ich auch komme und es anbete.” (Matthew 2:7–8) 2. (55.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) Then Herod summoned the sages secretly and cleverly discovered from them when the star had appeared. And he directed them towards Bethlehem and said: “Go there and seek diligently for the infant, and when you find it, report to me, so that I can also come and pay my devotions to it.” 3. (56.) Rezitativ – Soprano Du Falscher, suche nur den Herrn zu fällen, Nimm alle falsche List, Dem Heiland nachzustellen; Der, dessen Kraft kein Mensch ermißt, Bleibt doch in sichrer Hand. Dein Herz, dein falsches Herz ist schon, Nebst aller seiner List, des Höchsten Sohn, Den du zu stürzen suchst, sehr wohl bekannt. 3. (56.) Recitative – Soprano Liar, you seek only to destroy the Lord; You employ all false trickery to supplant the Saviour; yet He, whose power no man can measure, remains in secure hands. Your heart, your false heart is already, with all its deceit, very well known to the Son of the Highest whom you seek to crush. 4. (57.) Arie – Soprano Nur ein Wink von seinen Händen Stürzt ohnmächtger Menschen Macht. Hier wird alle Kraft verlacht! Spricht der Höchste nur ein Wort, Seiner Feinde Stolz zu enden, O, so müssen sich sofort Sterblicher Gedanken wenden. 4. (57.) Aria – Soprano Only a wave of His hands topples the impotent power of humans. Here all strength is laughable! If the Highest speaks only a word, to terminate the pride of His enemies, o, then how immediately must the thoughts of mortals be turned aside! 5. (58.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Als sie nun den König gehöret hatten, zogen sie hin. Und siehe, der Stern, den sie im Morgenlande gesehen hatten, ging für ihnen hin, bis daß er kam und stund oben über, da das Kindlein war. Da sie den Stern sahen, wurden sie hoch erfreuet und gingen in das Haus und funden das Kindlein mit Maria, seiner Mutter, und fielen nieder und beteten es an und täten ihre Schätze auf und schenkten ihm Gold, Weihrauch und Myrrhen. (Matthew 2:9–11) . 5. (58.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) When they had heard the King, they went away. And behold, the star which they had seen in the East went before them until it came and stood over where the infant was. When they saw the star, they were highly delighted, and went into the house, and found the infant with Mary, His mother; and they fell down and worshipped Him and presented their treasures; and they gave Him gold, frankincense and myrrh. 6. (59.) Choral Ich steh an deiner Krippen hier, O Jesulein, mein Leben; Ich komme, bring und schenke dir, Was du mir hast gegeben. Nimm hin! Es ist mein Geist und Sinn, Herz, Seel und Mut, nimm alles hin, Und laß dirs wohlgefallen! 6. (59.) Chorale I stand here by Your cradle, o little Jesus, my life; I come, I bring and give to You, what You have given to me. Take it! It is my spirit and mind, heart, soul, and will, take all of it, and let it be pleasing to You! 7. (60.) Rezitativ – Tenor (Evangelist) Und Gott befahl ihnen im Traum, daß sie sich nicht sollten wieder zu Herodes lenken, und zogen durch einen andern Weg wieder in ihr Land. (Matthew 2:12) 7. (60.) Recitative – Tenor (Evangelist) And God commanded them in a dream that they should not journey back to Herod, and they travelled by another way back to their own land. 8. (61.) Rezitativ – Tenor So geht! Genug, mein Schatz geht nicht von hier, Er bleibet da bei mir, Ich will ihn auch nicht von mir lassen. Sein Arm wird mich aus Lieb Mit sanftmutsvollem Trieb Und größter Zärtlichkeit umfassen; Er soll mein Bräutigam verbleiben, Ich will ihm Brust und Herz verschreiben. Ich weiß gewiß, er liebet mich, Mein Herz liebt ihn auch inniglich Und wird ihn ewig ehren. Was könnte mich nun für ein Feind Bei solchem Glück versehren! Du, Jesu, bist und bleibst mein Freund; Und werd ich ängstlich zu dir flehn: Herr hilf!, so laß mich Hülfe sehn! 8. (61.) Recitative – Tenor Go then! It is enough, my treasure does not leave, He remains here with me, I also will not let Him leave me. His arm will, out of love, embrace me with tender emotions and the greatest gentleness; He shall remain my bridegroom, I will dedicate my heart and breast to Him. I surely know that He loves me, my heart loves Him inwardly as well and will always honour Him. What kind of enemy now, amid such happiness, could harm me! You, Jesus, are and remain my Friend; and if I will beseech you anxiously: Lord, help! then let me see assistance! 9. (62.) Arie – Tenor Nun mögt ihr stolzen Feinde schrecken; Was könnt ihr mir für Furcht erwecken? Mein Schatz, mein Hort ist hier bei mir. Ihr mögt euch noch so grimmig stellen, Droht nur, mich ganz und gar zu fällen, Doch seht! Mein Heiland wohnet hier. 9. (62.) Aria – Tenor Now, you arrogant enemies, you may tremble; what kind of fear can you arouse in me? My treasure, my sanctuary is here with me. You may seem still so horrible, threatening to defeat me once and for all, yet see! My Saviour lives here. 10. (63.) Rezitativ – S A T B Was will der Höllen schrecken nun, Was will uns Welt und Sünde tun, Da wir in Jesu Händen ruhn? 10. (63.) Recitative – S A T B How can hell frighten now, what can the world and sin do to us, since we are safe in Jesus’s hands? 11. (64.) Choral Nun seid ihr wohl gerochen An eurer Feinde Schar, Denn Christus hat zerbrochen, Was euch zuwider war. Tod, Teufel, Sünd und Hölle Sind ganz und gar geschwächt; Bei Gott hat seine Stelle Das menschliche Geschlecht. 11. (64.) Chorale Now you are well avenged upon the horde of your enemies, since Christ has pulverised what was contrary to you. Death, devil, sin and hell are weakened once and for all; the place of the human race is next to God. SOUTH LONDON MUSIC We are a fast, efficient music supplier with an extensive stock of sheet music. We also sell instrumental accessories (strings, reeds, bags etc) and a growing range of instruments, including violins, guitars, woodwind & brass, recorders, percussion and ukuleles! We also sell CDs, DVDs gifts, novelties and baby percussion. Choral music is a speciality with a comprehensive range of vocal scores and CDs. Open Monday to Saturday 10am-5.30pm 29 Grove Vale, East Dulwich, SE22 8EQ T: 0208 693 9879 M: 07957 461677 [email protected] Owner/ Manager: Rupert Perkins Buy online at www.slmusic.co.uk Please join our Facebook community: www.facebook.com/SouthLondonMusic ELIN MANAHAN THOMAS CATHERINE BACKHOUSE Elin Manahan Thomas was born and bred in Swansea, and first studied Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at Clare College, Cambridge, before turning to the world of music, and to performing and presenting. She is known for her interpretation of baroque music and made the world premiere recording of a newlydiscovered Bach cantata in 2006 for Sir John Eliot Gardiner. Catherine Backhouse has just completed the prestigious Opera Studies course at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama, where she has been awarded a Fellowship and continues to study with John Evans. Elin's concert repertoire ranges from the renaissance to the contemporary. She received great acclaim for her ‘Pie Jesu’ on Naxos’s award-winning recording of the Rutter Requiem, and gave world premiere performances of Sir John Tavener's Requiem (with the RLPO) and Love Duet (Manchester International Festival). Recent performances include Dowland in the Antwerp Festival with Fretwork, Finzi Dies Natalis in Hoddinott Hall with BBC NOW on Radio Three, and a tour of China performing baroque favourites with the Academy of Ancient Music. She has performed in Classic FM’s fifteenth birthday concert; on ‘Friday Night is Music Night’ for Radio 2; at Songs of Praise’s ‘The Big Sing’; she was invited to perform in the Vatican on Easter Sunday; as well as appearing at the Edinburgh International Festival with the Royal Flanders Ballet; and she made her BBC Proms debut in 2013 in the Dr Who Prom, alongside Daleks! Elin is an Honorary Fellow at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama and Swansea University. This year Catherine played the role of Flora (La Traviata for Opera South); Kate Julian in Britten’s Owen Wingrave at the Aldeburgh and Edinburgh International Festivals as a Britten-Pears Young Artist; L’Enfant (L’Enfant et les Sortilèges at the Barbican Concert Hall); and Venus/Seneca’s Friend/cover Nero (The Coronation of Poppea for Ryedale Festival Opera). Previous work includes Prince Orlofsky in Die Fledermaus at Clonter Opera; Cherubino in Le Nozze di Figaro; Jean in Le Portait de Manon by Massenet and Eva in Comedy on the Bridge by Martinu at Guildhall; Mezzo Actor in Judith Weir’s A Night at the Chinese Opera with British Youth Opera; Hippolyta in A Midsummer Night’s Dream at the Barbican Theatre; Rossweisse in Die Walküre at the St Endellion Festival, Ino in Handel’s Semele and Sesto in Mozart’s La Clemenza di Tito for Hampstead Garden Opera; and Mabel/Nurse Wallace in Unknown Doors by Iain Burnside in the Barbican Pit Theatre. Recent solo oratorio work includes Handel’s Messiah with Dunedin Consort, Rossini’s Petite Messe Solennelle with the South London Singers, Bach Mass in B Minor with The Rodolfus Choir, Couperin Leçon de Ténèbres in St Mary’s Cathedral, Edinburgh and Handel’s Israel in Egypt at the St David’s Festival, Wales. ANDREW TORTISE JONATHAN BROWN Andrew Tortise was a choral scholar at Wells Cathedral before taking up a similar position at Trinity College, Cambridge, under the direction of the late Richard Marlow. Since graduating in 2002, he has enjoyed a diverse career on the operatic stage and on the concert platform. Jonathan Brown was born and raised in Toronto. He studied at the University of Western Ontario, the RCM and Clare College, Cambridge as well as the Britten-Pears School in Aldeburgh with Sir Thomas Allen and Anthony Rolfe Johnson. Andrew made his operatic debut in 2004 in Handel’s Semele in Paris, and since then has sung at the Salzburg Festival, and for Glyndebourne Festival Opera, Glyndebourne on Tour, Opera North, WNO, Dutch National Opera and Opera de Lyon. He made his debut for the Royal Opera, Covent Garden in 2013. Operatic roles include Marcello (La Bohème, Royal Albert Hall), Belcore (L'Elisir d'Amore), Count Almaviva, Yamadori (Madam Butterfly), Giove (La Calisto), Orestes (Giasone), Ariodate (Xerxes), Garibaldo (Rodelinda), Silvio (I Pagliacci), Malatesta (Don Pasquale), Masetto (Don Giovanni), Shepherd (Venus and Adonis) and Aeneas (Dido and Aeneas). He performed the role of Trojan (Idomeneo) for Sir Simon Rattle with the Berlin Philharmonic in the Salzburg Easter Festival. In concert, he has sung with the LSO, BBC Symphony Orchestra, BBCSSO, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra (Washington DC) and for groups such as the AAM, OAE, Les Arts Florissants and the Monteverdi Choir. Future engagements include his return to the Royal Opera for Mozart’s Mitridate and Wagner’s Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, his debut at Theater an der Wien in Bach’s Christmas Oratorio and a return to Dutch National Opera for Lurcanio in Handel’s Ariodante. He will sing St Matthew Passion on tour with the OAE, Haydn’s Nelson Mass with the Britten Sinfonia and Elijah with the Bach Choir and, in 2015, tour the US with the Monteverdi Choir singing Monteverdi’s Vespers and Orfeo. He was a regular soloist on Sir John Eliot Gardiner’s Bach Pilgrimage in 2000. Concert work has included a tour of St Matthew Passion across Europe and Bach’s Magnificat under Sir Roger Norrington. He has worked regularly with Philippe Herreweghe, touring South America in Bach’s St John Passion. Recordings include Purcell’s Ode to St Cecilia with Herreweghe, Dido and Aeneas and Blow’s Venus and Adonis under René Jacobs, Fauré Requiem with the London Festival Orchestra for BMG and Forester in Sullivan’s The Golden Legend for Hyperion. (BBC Proms), Wagner Twilight of the Gods and Beethoven Fidelio. AIDAN OLIVER Aidan Oliver pursues a varied career as conductor and chorus master across the full range of operatic, symphonic and choral repertoire. As Director of Philharmonia Voices he is involved in many of the Philharmonia Orchestra’s most ambitious projects, while as conductor he holds positions at St Margaret’s Church Westminster, the St Endellion Festival and Dulwich Choral Society. He also assists regularly on the staff of the Royal Opera House and at English National Opera, and works with many of London’s leading choirs. Aidan is one of the UK’s most sought-after chorus masters. He has prepared the BBC Symphony Chorus for broadcasts including Syzmanowski Stabat Mater (BBC Proms) and Walton Belshazzar’s Feast; the BBC Singers for Boulez cummings ist der dichter, Mendelssohn Antigone (BBC Proms) and Ligeti Le Grand Macabre; and English National Opera for Britten Peter Grimes As Assistant Conductor to Esa-Pekka Salonen, Aidan has toured with the Philharmonia to the USA, Europe and Russia. He was also invited by the late Lorin Maazel to direct the chamber orchestra in performances under him of Britten War Requiem in London and Hong Kong. As the Associate Conductor of the St Endellion Festival in Cornwall he has conducted works as varied as Macmillan Seven Last Words, Tchaikovsky Symphony No 5, Wagner Wesendonck Lieder, Rachmaninov All-Night Vigil, and Stravinsky The Soldier’s Tale, the latter with Rory Kinnear as narrator. As Director of Music at St Margaret’s Westminster, Aidan works with organist Thomas Trotter and a professional choir to provide the music for many high-profile Parliamentary occasions, including memorial services for many leading public figures. Under Aidan, the choir has developed a particular association with contemporary music, premiering works by composers including Joseph Phibbs, Matthew Martin, Gareth Treseder, Alastair Putt and Francis Grier. Aidan Oliver began his musical career as a chorister at Westminster Cathedral, later studying at Eton College and at King’s College Cambridge. After graduating with a Double First in Classics, he pursued further studies at Harvard University (as a Kennedy Scholar), the National Opera Studio and King’s College London. He lives in East Dulwich with his wife Lois and their two children. Dulwich Choral Society Honorary President Dame Emma Kirkby Vice Presidents His Honour Judge Michael Goodman, Roger Page Musical Director Aidan Oliver Chairman Dr Iain Saville CBE Accompanist David Elwin Dulwich Choral Society was founded in 1944. Today it is a thriving, friendly choir that performs at least three concerts a year, including two with professional orchestras and top-class soloists. Since 2006 Aidan Oliver, one of the UK’s leading choral conductors, has been the choir’s Musical Director. As well as giving concerts in the Dulwich area, the choir has performed more widely in central London and abroad. Since 1998 the choir has undertaken tours to Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Germany and Estonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our most recent overseas tour was to Portugal in 2014, where we performed in some very beautiful venues in Lisbon and Sintra. Closer to home the choir performs in several of the wonderful churches in and around Dulwich, and enjoys a strong local following. Would you like to join us? New choir members are always welcome. If you are interested in joining the choir, please contact Jo Merry, our Membership Secretary, on 020 7737 3169 or [email protected] for more details. Entry is subject to an informal audition by the Musical Director who, besides a reasonable singing voice, will be looking for basic sight-reading ability and general musicality. Membership costs £165 a year and is currently free for those aged under 26 or in full-time education. Rehearsals take place on Monday evenings from 7.30 to 9.30pm at All Saints Church, Lovelace Road, West Dulwich, London. The church is about 5–10 minutes’ walk from either Tulse Hill or West Dulwich stations and is served by a number of bus routes, including the 3, P13 and 201. For further details, visit: www.dulwichchoralsociety.org.uk Sopranos Altos Nicola Alexander Margaret Bailey Linda Beadnell Jackie Bowie Sue Chandler Mary Cooper Marie-Pierre Denaro Edith Fehrenbach Honor Gay Didi Greig Cecilia Hill Tamara Howard Pierce Juliana Kirby Denise Lawson Julia Layton Heidi Lempp Emily Lodge Kassy Luto Priscilla Macpherson Morven Main Fenella Maitland-Smith Teresa Marshall Amy Mount Susan Perolls Carmo Ponte Susan Powell Hilary Putt Fleur Read Jenny Thomas Jane Tippett Charlotte Townsend Jessica Watson Gracita Woods Becky Bahar Zina Boykova Sonia Butler Marilyn Checkley Helen Chown Julia Field Joanna French Vivien Gambling Helen Graham Gill Hancock Sarah Hughes Stephanie Jacob Julie Jones Jenny Kay Jo Merry Karen Mills Vanessa Mitchell Jane Palmer Catherine Parkin Kate Powell Nicola Prior Rosemary Publicover Susan Robinson Rebecca Sloane Frances Steele Tenors Roger Atkins Forbes Bailey Rowan Barnard Nick Bolt Giles Craven Robert Foster Steve Harrison Andrew Lang Jon Layton Jonathan Palmer Michael Palmer John Quigley Iain Saville Eric Sneyd David Storey Peter Swift Nick Vaisey Basses Andrew Black Christopher Braun John Britton Ian Chown Guy Collins Chris Dodd Michael Faulkner Malcolm Field Simon Foster Stephen Frost Alan Grant John Greig Alex Hamilton Michael Kenny Paul Kinnear Adrian Lambourne Mike Lock Peter Main Hugh Marchant Duncan Pratt Barney Rayfield Mike Shepherd Paul Stern Richard Webb Olley’s Fish Experience in Herne Hill has become the first in the UK to add a total of eight quality MSC certified species of fish to their menu. 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