Environmental Product Declaration Schindler 3100 EU Lower

Environmental Product Declaration
Schindler 3100 EU
Lower impact, higher performance.
Ecological facts and figures
Schindler Passenger Elevators
Key figures
Capacity
450 kg, 480 kg, 630 kg; 5, 6, 8 passengers
Travel height
Max. 30 m, max. 10 stops
Entrance
One- or two-sided
Door width
800 mm, 900 mm
Door height
2,000 mm, 2,100 mm
Drive
Eco-friendly gearless machine,
frequency controlled
Speed
0.63 m/s, 1.0 m/s
Interior
Four colors and two stainless steel
interior designs
Fixtures
2
Push-button control; Pick-up collective
and down collective
Door types
T2
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Representative unit*
Usage period for LCA
15 years **
Load (kg)
480
Speed (m/s)
1.0
Travel height (m)
12
Stops/Entrances
5/1
Car W/D/H (mm)
1000 /1300 / 2139
Door W/H (mm)
800/2000
Operation days/year
365
Usage category ***
2
Consolidated data from LCA 1999 and 2011
Installation at Milan, Italy
* Comparability of the environmental data with different elevator systems may not be given.
** Product usage time defined for the LCA. The complete
environmental life-cycle impact is included without considering
a modernization.
*** according to VDI4707-1
First we analyze, then we act.
Mobility is essential in the world we live and work. Every day, one
billion people all over the world place their trust in Schindler. That‘s
why we are committed to contintuously improve the environmental
impact of our products and services along the whole life-cycle.
From design to recycling
From the first sketches in design, right through to
disposal and recycling, environmental assessment considerations are an integral part of product development.
The assessment rigidly follows the ISO 14040 standard
and is embedded in the ISO 14001 Environmental
Management ­System, which is applied at Corporate
Research and ­Development. Providing transparency in
all phases.
Life-cycle Assessment (LCA)
Schindler conducts Life-cycle Assessments of its
products. The objective is to continuously ­improve the
environmental performance of the ­product assessed.
An holistic approach all the way.
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
The EPD provides verified i­nformation on the environmental impact of a product. The declaration is based
on a comprehensive LCA and ­follows the ISO 14025
guideline. A complex issue made understandable.
Product Category Rules (PCR)
Both the LCA and EPD refer to a pre-defined PCR*.
Rules in the PCR are specifically defined for a product
and stipulate how to collect data and calculate the
climate impact, and how this information has to be
­presented. Detailed analysis, fact-based communication.
An
s is
aly
100
Assessment
Impact in %
Comparison of environmental impact **
-50 %***
0
Schindler 3100 EU
Environmental
Product
Declaration (EPD)
Life Cycle
Schindler 100
50
| 2000
| 2011
Time
The environmental performance of the Schindler 3100 EU has improved by approx. 50 % as a result of PEcoPIT. The LCA of the latest
generation of the Schindler 3100 EU showed significant improvements
compared with the previous product generation.
Market
Life-cycle Assessment – the base for improvement.
* Overarching industry related PCR is in development. Currently
the PCR is available from Schindler in cooperation with an independent third party.
** Comparison is based on the representative elevator system,
see page 2.
*** The PEcoPIT takes material used, energy during usage and disposal into consideration.
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
3
Practical in planning, reliable in operation.
More efficiency means less impact.
Schindler contributes to green buildings. The
Schindler 3100 EU passenger elevator is a fully
pre-engineered product in which all parts are
perfectly adjusted, resulting in an elevator that
saves both space and energy.
Drive
– Gearless machine for smooth ride quality
– Custom-designed motor for efficient start-stop
operation*, enabling a direct power transfer,
avoiding loss of power
– Stable start without high peak current, quickly
reaching a low energy-consumption level
– Frequency inverter with stand-by mode,
regenerative PF1 inverter as option
– No oil is needed for lubrication
– Compact, lightweight and durable design
that optimizes material usage and extends the
product’s lifespan
Control
– Car lights and ventilation are switched to
stand-by mode when not in use
– Car panel and floor indicators operate
with low-power LEDs
– Multi-bus control architecture reduces cabling,
material and waste
– Down and selective collective controls for efficient
passenger transportation
Car and hoistway
– Car lighting equipped with energy-saving lamps
or LED as an option
– Central guiding system reduces mechanical
friction and energy consumption
– Door drive with stand-by mode for safety
and energy conservation
– Eco-effective design allows for more space
in the same shaft
– Lead-free counterweight
* with reference to IEC 60034-1, duty type S5
4
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Insights into the life-cycle outcome.
Three-phase approach
The aim is to determine the environmental impact
of the elevator system from development to
disposal. Based on the PCR, the assessment is
separated into three modules – upstream, core and
downstream – covering the energy and material
flow. The results are shown for a specific function
and a representative elevator unit.
Focus on material and energy
Energy efficiency has been improved dramatically, especially compared to the previous product
generation. In the past, the operational phase
accounted for the main impact, now operation
has become less dominant compared to material
at a relatively lower level, thanks to continuous
investment and effort in improving both energy and
material efficiency.
100
Impact in %
Consolidated impact based on a lifetime of 15 years *
Environmental
impact relative to
total impact
Ecological Scarcity
2006: Total
ReCiPe Endpoint
(H, A): Total
50
Phases
0
R&D
incl. tests
(Raw) materials,
Pre-production
Production
Logistics &
Installation
Usage
End of usage/
Disposal
Office Activities
Drive
Drive
Packaging
Energy demand
Recycling
Tests
Controller
Controller
Transport
Preventive &
Incineration
Traction Media
Traction Media
Installation
Corrective
Landfill
Door
Door
Others
Maintenance
Transport
Car
Car
Others
Packaging
Counterweight
Counterweight
Others
Others
Upstream Module
Repl. Mat.
Core Module
Downstream Module
* Values shown refer to the representative unit of the Schindler 3100 EU, as shown on page 2
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
5
Our mission. Lower emissions.
Impact per life-cycle phase – representative unit
The representative unit is a typical configuration of
the Schindler 3100 EU (see page 2). The figures shown
in the table are based on a lifetime of 15 years, without
considering a modernization. The results provide an
example of a typical environmental impact. The travel
distance over a lifetime of 15 years with 365 days of
operation is based on the average usage, according
to category 2 of VDI4707-1 and an elevator speed of
1 m/s. Over a life-cycle of 15 years, the total impact
of a Schindler 3100 EU elevator system is 14.8 t
CO2-equivalent.
Upstream
Module
Core
Module
Downstream
Module
Total LCA
R & D, Material
Production,
Usage: Stand-by
Maintenance,
Total elevator
Units
demand
Installation
& Travel energy
Disposal
life-cycle
kg CO2-Eq.
4,500
3,300
6,400
600
14,800
kg SO2-Eq.
29.1
10.0
31
3.1
73.2
kg NOx-Eq.
25.1
8.8
13.3
2.4
49.6
Impacts
Climate change
(IPCC 2007, GWP 100a)
Acidification potential (CML
2001, European average)
Eutrophication potential
(CML 2001, European
average)
Photochemical oxidation,
summer smog (CML 2001,
kg ethylene
low NOx POCP)
Eq.
2.15
0.3
0.27
0.18
2.90
MJ eq.
59,400
47,200
78,000
8,100
192,800
MJ eq.
11,200
23,600
51,000
1,200
87,000
MJ eq.
2,600
7,900
5,800
200
16,500
(biomass, solar, wind, etc.)
MJ eq.
3,700
4,400
2,700
100
10,900
Total energy resources
MJ eq.
76,800
83,200
138,000
9,650
307,650
points
591
346
640
71
1,648
UBP
10,200,000
3,360,000
7,000,000
1,600,000
22,160,000
CED *
Fossil, non-renewable
energy resources
Nuclear, non-renewable
energy resources
Water, renewable energy
resources, potential
Renewable energy
resources, except water
Aggregated
ReCiPe Endpoint (H,A):
Total
Ecological Scarcity 2006:
Total
Uncertainty of total values estimated about 20 %
* CED (Cumulative Energy Demand): Grey energy
The typical European electricity mix according to UTCE 2004 was applied.
6
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
Impact per life-cycle phase – functional unit
The functional unit is defined as:
demand / (rated load [t] × travel distance [km])
The results given in the table cover the total life-cycle
impact for a calculated functional unit. Whereby 1 tkm of
a Schindler 3100 EU represent about one day of operation
in its representative environment and usage category.
The travel distance refers to a usage period
of 15 years and a frequency of daily use as per VDI
4707-1 usage category 2. Applying the functional
unit approach permits comparison of different
­elevator systems per unit of tkm, but the comparison
is appropriate only for elevators in the same usage
category.
Upstream
Module
Core
Module
Downstream
Module
Total LCA
R & D, Material
Production,
Usage: Stand-by
Maintenance,
Total elevator
Units/tkm
demand
Installation
& Travel energy
Disposal
life-cycle
kg CO2-Eq.
0.95
0.70
1.35
0.13
3.13
kg SO2-Eq.
0.0062
0.0021
0.0066
0.0007
0.0155
kg NOx-Eq.
0.0053
0.0019
0.0028
0.0005
0.0105
Impacts
Climate change
(IPCC 2007, GWP 100a)
Acidification potential (CML
2001, European average)
Eutrophication potential
(CML 2001, European
average)
Photochemical oxidation,
summer smog (CML 2001,
kg ethylene
low NOx POCP)
Eq.
0.00045
0,00006
0.00006
0.00004
0.00061
MJ eq.
12.6
10.0
16.5
1.7
40.7
MJ eq.
2.4
5.0
10.8
0.3
18.4
MJ eq.
0.55
1.67
1.23
0.04
3.49
(biomass, solar, wind, etc.)
MJ eq.
0.78
0.93
0.57
0.02
2.30
Total energy resources
MJ eq.
16.2
17.6
29.2
2.0
65.0
points
0.125
0.073
0.135
0.015
0.348
UBP
2,160
710
1,480
340
4,690
CED *
Fossil, non-renewable
energy resources
Nuclear, non-renewable
energy resources
Water, renewable energy
resources, potential
Renewable energy
resources, except water
Aggregated
ReCiPe Endpoint (H,A):
Total
Ecological Scarcity 2006:
Total
Uncertainty of total values estimated about 20 %
* CED (Cumulative Energy Demand): Grey energy
The typical European electricity mix according to UTCE 2004 was applied.
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
7
Used material – an overview
The average recycled content of the European metal
supply was considered in the calculations of environmental impact from materials according to the PCR.
A cut-off was applied for recycling at the end of life.
Used materials
no
n /
lo
w
-a
llo
52
y, %
ca Ste
st el
iro ,
n
0.
0. 1 %
0.4 3 % Lead
Ac
0 % Pla
0. .5 % Pla stic: cu | 0
5 % E st
.1 %
PU
i
l
Pla
Pla ectr c: ha foam
stic
sti oni log
: el
c: c & en
ast
-fr
om
ha
e
e
ere
l
lo
ge ectr e
i
c
n
al
co
m
po
un
ds
Efficient – in space and material usage.
r
ary
pe
op prim e
c
n
:
al: ium , sto
et
c
M umin rami
rd
l
ce
boa
0 % A
1. .3 % lass, /Fibre
1 % G ood
2
W
4 %
18 % Con
crete
20
hig %
h- Ste
all el,
oy
/g
alv
an
Packaging material
The table shows the typical composition of material
used for packaging in relation to the total weight
of the elevator system – once the elevator arrives
on the construction site.
Composition of packaging material*
Packaging material
Material (kg)
Total elevator
weight (%)*
Wood
143.00
4.64
Plastic
0.90
0.03
Polystyrene
0.00
0.00
Paperboard
121.60
3.94
1.00
0.03
Other materials
*R
elation in reference to the total weight of elevator including
packaging.
8
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Schindler seeks to maximize the transport
capacity per pallet for each delivery.
Furthermore, almost all materials are suitable for
recycling, e.g. paperboard and wood.
ize
d
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
Material that matters
The table shows the material weight of components
and replacement material. The total weight installed is
about 2.3 tons. An average material loss of 10 % in
production was assumed additionally for the consumption of raw materials. The Schindler 3100 EU emits no
Material balance
of elevator system
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) once it is installed
or other harmful substances. The elevator can
optionally be ordered halogen free – which includes the
cabling and wiring. At the end of usage almost all
material is suitable for recycling.
Elevator
Replacement
Recycled
End of usage/
material (kg)
material (kg)
content (%)
Disposal scenario
1,196
19.4
38 %
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
469
9.9
38 %
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
Aluminum: primary
30
1.0
33 %
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
Metal: Copper
23
0.1
22 %
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
Electronic / electrical
11
0.7
average of
Return system, i.e. battery;
Steel, non/low-alloy, cast iron
Steel, high-alloy, galvanized
elements
compounds
others as above
Plastic: halogen
11
0.0
none
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
Plastic: halogen-free
10
0.6
none
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
Plastic: elastomere
2
0.0
none
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
Plastic: PU foam
7
0.1
none
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
409
0.0
none
100 % landfill
Concrete
Glass, ceramic, stone
50
0.1
none
100 % landfill
Wood / Fibreboard
86
0.0
none
100 % incineration
Lead Accu
1
2.1
75 %
50 % recycling / 50 % landfill
Others
2
0.7
none
others as average
2,308
34.7
see elements
Total
see elements
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
9
Energy without exposure.
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
Energy efficiency
Increasing energy efficiency is essential in order to
reduce the environmental impact of the elevator and
the building. The longest phase in the life-cycle is the
usage phase, which can be up to 30 years, depending
on maintenance and modernization.
Schindler provides data about energy efficiency based
on the VDI 4707-1. The two Schindler 3100 EU examples are classified as A and B, whereby A indicates the
best efficiency class. The classification always refers to
a specific configuration and is measured at the installation site. Usage pattern, load capacity, energy saving
options and site conditions influence the final rating.
Fact-based classification
– Energy efficiency is classified according to the
VDI4707-1
– the usage category is defined as 1 or 2 – a typical
­residential building
– stand-by energy accounts for about 60 - 80 % of the
total energy consumption p.a.
– the certificate refers only to a single measured or
calculated unit
– energy consumption is influenced considerably by
the frequency of use, travel speed and height
Energy efficiency classification
Schindler 3100 EU – example of typically installed
configuration
Schindler 3100 EU – representative elevator as defined
for the Life-cycle Assessment
Schindler 3100 EU*
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
Schindler 3100 EU
Certified by TÜV SÜD for a standard configuration at field installation. Measurements based on the VDI 4707 guideline, issued
in March 2010.
450
Load (kg)
480
Speed (m/s)
1.0
Speed (m/s)
1.0
Travel height (m)
19.15
Travel height (m)
12
Usage category
1
Usage category
2
Specific travel demand
C (0.91 mWh/(kgm))
Specific travel demand
C (0.88 mWh/(kgm))
Stand-by demand
A (39 W)
Stand-by demand
B (52 W)
Total demand per year
446 kWh
Total demand per year
722 kWh
*Incl. special options, calculated results based on a measured
field installation.
10
Load (kg)
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Sound of silence.
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
Noise and vibration
The sound made by an elevator can have an impact on
the surrounding environment. Not every type of noise
is equally disturbing. This depends strongly on the
nature of the noise, relative background noise and on
psychological aspects.
When it comes to noise and vibration, there are several
important aspects: Besides the obvious ones relevant
for the whole building concerning the ride quality, such
as sound and vibration inside the car, there are others,
e.g. door noise and the noise in the elevator shaft.
The structure-borne noise in the walls is also important,
because it radiates sound into adjacent rooms.
Furthermore, there is noise created during the ­operation
of an elevator, such as the noise of the cooling fan,
the drive operation, the relay switching, the door, and
the guide shoe sliding (only for a short time after the
installation).
Decibel
140
Noise and vibration performance
120
dB (A)
100
80
Adjacent rooms 1
30 *
Shaft 2
62/65 **
Structure-borne noise 3
Octave (Hz)
63 – 500
Landing
60
40
20
0
Whisper,
leaves
rustling
Schindler
3100 EU
Noisy office
Jet taking off,
25 meters,
threshold of pain
Door noise 4
60
Pass-by noise
60
Impulse noise at top floor
55
Sound pressure level / Car
62/65 **
Vibrations (ride quality) / Car
ISO MPtP
ISO A95
Lateral
< 15 mg
< 10 + 3 mg
Vertical
< 35 mg
< 20 + 5 mg
1VDI 2566-2:2004 prescribes a maximum permissible A-weighted sound level
LpAmax in adjacent rooms of 30 dB(A).
2VDI 2566-2:2004 specifies a maximum sound pressure
level in the hoistway of 75 dB(A).
3The levels listed are the levels according to VDI 2566-2:2004.
The Schindler elevator systems generally fulfill these levels with a large
margin, depending on the type of wall.
4VDI 2566-2:2004 specifies a maximum A-weighted sound pressure level
for door noise of 65 dB(A).
* incl. impulse noise
** Impulse noise
Schindler 3100 EU EPD
11
A big step to a small footprint.
Glossary
LCA – Life-cycle Assessment
Assessment methodology of the environmental impact
of all relevant material and energy flows throughout the
entire life-cycle of a product according to ISO 14040.
Ecological Scarcity / UBP 6
Scarcity-oriented method for life-cycle impact assessments. It measures various environmental impacts, and
shows the final result in a single score.
EPD – Environmental Product Declaration
A declaration that provides quantified environmental
data using predetermined parameters defined in a
Product Category Rule according to ISO 14025.
ReCiPe
Methodology for life-cycle impact assessments
evaluating various environmental impacts and showing
the final result in a single source.
PCR – Product Category Rule
A set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for
developing environmental declarations for one or more
product categories.
VDI4707-1
Independent guideline on how to measure and classify
the energy efficiency of elevator systems, published by
the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher
Ingenieure).
EMS – Environmental Management System
Covers development, implementation and management
of environmental aspects according to ISO 14001.
Schindler Management Ltd.
Global Business New Installations
Zugerstrasse 13
6030 Ebikon, Lucerne, Switzerland
www.schindler.com
GMS.EPD.3100 EN.12.13.EU
Discover more about Schindler´s
environmental activities on:
http://ccr.schindler.com