PDD - Netinform

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PDD - Netinform

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-SSC-PDD) - Version 03
CDM – Executive Board
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-SSC-PDD)
Version 03 - in effect as of: 22 December 2006
CONTENTS
A.
General description of the small scale project activity
B.
Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
C.
Duration of the project activity / crediting period
D.
Environmental impacts
E.
Stakeholders’ comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the proposed small scale project activity
Annex 2: Information regarding public funding
Annex 3: Baseline information
Annex 4: Monitoring Information
1
Revision history of this document
Version
Number
01
02
Date
Description and reason of revision
21 January
2003
8 July 2005
Initial adoption
•
•
03
22 December
2006
•
The Board agreed to revise the CDM SSC PDD to reflect
guidance and clarifications provided by the Board since
version 01 of this document.
As a consequence, the guidelines for completing CDM SSC
PDD have been revised accordingly to version 2. The latest
version can be found at
<http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Documents>.
The Board agreed to revise the CDM project design
document for small-scale activities (CDM-SSC-PDD), taking
into account CDM-PDD and CDM-NM.
2
SECTION A. General description of small-scale project activity
A.1
Title of the small-scale project activity:
Title: Installation of a natural gas based direct combined heat and power package cogeneration system in
Barranquilla Brewery-Bavaria in Barranquilla (Colombia).
Document Version: Version 01
Completion Date: 19/03/2009
A.2.
Description of the small-scale project activity:
The purpose of this project activity is to integrate utility provisions for power and steam of Barranquilla
Brewery into a single cogeneration system. This utility consists of a gas turbine assisted cogeneration
system fuelled with natural gas that replaces two new boilers of 15 t/h that would otherwise been built.
The new cogeneration system will also provide electricity to the Brewery that would otherwise have been
generated, among others, by fossil fuel based utilities connected to the National Colombian grid.
Bavaria, S.A, subsidiary company from SABMiller group, is a brewery installed in Colombia, where it
owned seven breweries and two malt houses. Due to the growing demand of Bavarian products, the
company decided in 2007 to increase its production capacity by 60% in Barranquilla Brewery during the
following years.
After analysing energy options to face forecast demand of heat and power, the company choose the
alternative of installing the mentioned cogeneration system. In July 2008 TURBOMACH AESA awarded
the contract for the implementation of the cogeneration plant in Barranquilla Brewery. The decision was
taken after considering several options for the production of power and heat and having taken to account
CDM profits, in accordance with CDM requirements for the prior consideration of the CDM in the
decision making process.
The technology employed consists of a back pressure gas turbine of 7,5 kWe output power, a steam
recover heat generator (HRSG) with supplemental firing to produce a maximum of 30 t/h of steam at 10
bar and 180ºC and a new 15t/h boiler. In absence of the project activity, the mentioned amount of steam
would have been produced by means of two new boilers, similar to the ones currently in operation feeds
with natural gas.
Graphic1: Cogeneration systems vs.
Conventional ones.
3
Project activity’s contribution to sustainable development
The following points indicate how the project activity contributes towards the social, economic,
environmental and technological well being of the region.
Social well being – The project activity would assist in providing employment in the construction and
operation phase to the people around the project site helping improving people’s quality of life.
Economic well being – The project activity would result in total energy consumption reduction due to
the increased energy efficiency achieved by combined heat and electricity generation systems. The
expected project activity energy consumption is 39.73 GWhth per year, equivalent to 14% of total energy
consumed without the Project. These savings improves energy efficiency from 62% to 85%. Thus,
project activity would result in fossil fuels savings leading towards economic well-being.
Environmental well being – Since project activity replaces electricity purchased from the grid by more
friendly technologies, project results in GHG emissions reductions. This goal is achieved by (a)
managing energy consumption through installation of energy efficient equipment, (b) displacing
electricity from fossil fuels and (c) switching to a cleaner fuel source than fuel mix used to generate grid
electricity d) reducing energy losses due to electricity transportation (18% of total energy produced in
Colombia)
Technological well being – Cogeneration in Colombia is in a very preliminary stage, especially
cogeneration involving gas natural, with few experiences only. No more than 3% of the estimated
potential has been covered according to UPME estimations. Project implementation could extend more
similar experiences in the country even in other Bavaria brewery industries where no other cogeneration
systems are installed due to investment costs. Technology adopted in the project activity is
environmentally safe and will be imported from USA and Switzerland, improving energy efficiency state
of the art in Colombia.
Therefore, it is ensured project activity contributes positively towards sustainable development.
A.3.
Project participants:
Name of Party involved
(*)
((host) indicates a host
Party)
Private and/or public
entity(ies)
project participants (*)
(as applicable)
COLOMBIA (Host)
BAVARIA, S.A.
GAS NATURAL SDG, S.A.
4
Kindly indicate if
the Party involved
wishes to be
considered as
project participant
(Yes/No)
NO
A.4.
Technical description of the small-scale project activity:
A.4.1. Location of the small-scale project activity:
A.4.1.1.
Host Party(ies):
Republic of Colombia.
A.4.1.2.
Region/State/Province etc.:
Department of Atlántico.
A.4.1.3.
City/Town/Community etc:
City of Barranquilla, Department capital.
A.4.1.4.
Details of physical location, including information allowing the
unique identification of this small-scale project activity :
Exact address of the installation:
Cervecería de Barranquilla
Calle 10 # 38 - 280
Barranquilla (Atlántico)
Colombia
City of
Barranquilla
Map of the Republic of Colombia
Map of
Atlantico
Department
Exact location of
Bavaria Brewhouse
in Barranquilla City
5
The proposed project activity is located in Barranquilla City in Atlántico Department, Colombia. The
factory is located near the river Magdalena closed to the maritime terminal in the east area of the city.
Above Maps shows the exact location of the project.
A.4.2. Type and category(ies) and technology/measure of the small-scale project activity:
Project Type & Category
In accordance with Appendix B of the Simplified Modalities and Procedures for Small Scale CDM
project activities (SMP-SSC), the proposed Project activity falls under Type II Project (Energy
Efficiency Improvement Project) and Category H for activities involving centralization of energy
generations sources. Justification of the type and category is substantiated in Section B.2.
Project Technology
The project covers the installation of a 7.5 MW gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)
with supplemental firing, a motor control centre, electrical switchgear and its auxiliary equipment. Due
to site conditions, system will finally produces up to 6.485 MWe, as well as 30 t/h steam for the process
at 10 bar and 180ºC, according to manufacturers data. The system configuration is illustrated in the
simplified flow diagram below.
Graphic 2: Project Flow Diagram
6
The primary mover of the proposed system is a natural gas turbine generator manufactured by Solar
Turbines (A caterpillar company) in California (USA) and assembled in Switzerland. At full capacity
turbine consumes 20,380 kWth (ISO conditions) of natural gas per unit of time with an energy output of
6,485 kWe of electricity and 25.08 kg/s of exhausted gases at 501.6 ºC. Below technical details of this
device.
The secondary device of the cogeneration system is the water-tube heat recovery steam generator with
supplemental firing. The objective of this device is to convert the thermal energy of the exhausted gases
7
in steam for the process. The conversion is made by a battery of water-heat exchangers that heat up the
water to obtain 30 t/h of saturated steam at 10 bar and 180ºC. The water is provided to the system at 100
ºC via a thermal degassing included in the system.
The rest of the cogeneration system is composed of the following devices and subsystems:
-
Gas compressor system, to supply the gas turbine with fuel at the needed pressure.
High voltage electrical system, to connect the turbine generator alternator with the Electrocaribe
municipal grid at 13,2 kV and 60 Hz.
Transformers, to increase turbine output voltage of 6.6 kV to 13.2 kV and to provide the
auxiliary equipment of the system with low voltage electricity.
Low voltage electrical system for the auxiliary equipment.
Fuel system. Devices to supply the gas turbine and the supplemental firing with natural gas at
required conditions.
Tubes system for water/steam and compressed air.
Control, instrumentation and data acquisition. PLC system to monitor the performance of the
cogeneration system.
All devices and equipments needed to install the described cogeneration system are exported from the
USA, contributing to cutting edge technology and knowhow transfer. Cogeneration is a not common
technology in Colombia, where only 3% of the estimated potential has been covered, according to UPME
data.
TURBOMACH will provide the necessary training for local workers operating the plant as it is stated in
the purchase contract and in the project planning.
A.4.3
Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period:
Estimation of annual emission reductions in
tonnes of CO2e (tCO2e)
2,793
5,587
5,587
5,587
5,587
5,587
5,587
2,792
39,109
7
Year
01/07/2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
31/06/2016
Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2e)
Total number of crediting years
Annual average of the estimated reductions
over the crediting period
5.587
8
A.4.4. Public funding of the small-scale project activity:
The Project does not involve any public funding from Annex I countries.
A.4.5. Confirmation that the small-scale project activity is not a debundled component of a
large scale project activity:
According to, appendix–C of the indicative simplified modalities and procedure for small scale CDM
project activity. A project activity is considered to be a de-bundled component of a larger project activity
if there is a registered small scale CDM project or request for registration by another small scale project
activity:
-
By the same project participants;
In the same project category and technology/measure; and
Registered within the previous 2 years; and
Whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale
activity.
It can be concluded then that this Project activity is not a de-bundled component of a larger project
activity since the Project proponent does not own or operate any CDM registered project of similar
nature and technology within 1 km of the Project boundary. The project proponent could implement in
the future similar project activities in the rest of breweries and malteries they owned in Colombia, but it
can be demonstrated that each factory is more than 1 km away from the other.
SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
B.1.
Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the
small-scale project activity:
Title: Energy efficiency measures through centralization of utility provisions of an industrial facility
Type II – Energy efficiency improvement projects
Category: II.H, Version 01, Sectoral scope 04, EB 38
B.2
Justification of the choice of the project category:
According to paragraph 14 of the general guidance for SSC methodologies, version 12 (EB41 Annex 20),
Greenfield projects may used a Type II SSC methodology provided that it can be demonstrated that the
most plausible baseline scenario is the baseline provided in the approved SSC methodology applied. For
the purpose of the demonstration it shall be used the “Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and
demonstrate additionality”.
This project activity involves the installation of a new cogeneration system to provide electricity and
steam to Barranquilla Brewery, located in Barranquilla. This new system will replace electricity
consumption from the grid and two new boilers of 15 t/h steam production that would have otherwise
been built which is in accordance with paragraph 1 of AMS II.H. Therefore the most plausible baseline
9
scenario based on the technology that would have been used, is the production of steam using natural gas
in boilers and the import of electricity from the grid, thus in accordance to paragraph 6. a) of AMS II.H,
as it will be demonstrated in section B.5 below.
According to paragraph 2 and 3 of the approved methodology, AMS.II.H., Version 01, a project activity
is required to fulfil the following applicability conditions:
Measures are limited to activities that result in additional steam generation capacity of no more
than 5% of pre-project situation.
Considering that the pre-project situation is the two new boilers that would have otherwise been built
with a generation capacity of 30 t/h, and that the new steam generation capacity from the cogeneration
system is 30 t/h, it can be concluded that there is no additional stem generation capacity in comparison
with baseline situation.
Project activity results in total energy saving of no more than 60 GWhth (or 180 GWhth) per year.
Taking into account specific manufacturer data of the cogeneration system and considering historical
consumptions of the existing water tube boilers that are identical to the ones that would have been
installed in the absence of this project activity, the following figures (table 1) are obtained to show the
energy balance from the baseline and the project scenario:
Units
General Data
Factory Design working hours per year
h
Typical working hours for a brewery plant
%
Cogeneration availability (Confidence level)
%
Total working hours per year
h
Cogeneration system working hours per year
h
Barranquilla Brewery Data
Equivalent Beer Production
MMHl
Steam Needs (180ºC, 10 bar)
tonnes
Electricity needs
MWh
Energy Data
Gas turbine consumption (GCV)
MWhth
Supplemental firing (GCV)
MWhth
Total natural gas
MWhth
Electrical balance
Electricity Production
Import
MWh/year
Autoconsumption
MWh/year
Export
MWh/year
Net export ratio
%
Electricity self consumption ratio
%
Efficiency
Electrical
%
Gas Boilers Efficiency
%
Global
%
Equivalent electrical efficiency
%
Baseline
Project
8,100
90%
95%
7290
-
8,100
90%
95%
7290
6,926
4.45
223,200
43.065
4.45
223,200
43.065
196,872
196,872
158,832
93,446
252,278
43,065
-
2,153
1,039
2,961
7%
2.3%
31.8
86.0
88.5
83.7
Table 1
To know the energy supply from the grid for production without the project it is necessary to obtain the
global efficiency from the Colombian national grid. This figure can be obtained from the “Consolidated
10
Energy Balance of Colombia” issued by UPME (Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética del Ministerio
de Minas y Energía – Energetic and Mining Planning Unit of the Mine and Energy Ministry:
http://www.upme.gov.co/GeneradorConsultas/Consulta_Balance.aspx?IdModulo=3):
Table2: Grid Efficiency 2007
Description
Value
Unit
Net electricity generated in Colombia
43,844.00
GWh/year
Total energy consumed in 2007 by power plants connected to Grid
83,169.52
GWh/year
Effective efficiency of grid electricity generation
53%
Energy requirements without the project:
Energy supply for production:
Energy supply for steam production:
Total Energy requirements:
47,850 MWh
= 90,283MWhth
0.53
204,744 − 18,217 = 186,527 MWhth
276,81GWhth
Energy requirements with the project:
Gas turbine energy requirements:
Supplemental firing energy requirements:
Total Energy requirements:
156,816 MWhth
80,259 MWhth
237.08GWhth
Energy saving per year: 276.81 − 237.08 = 39.73GWhth
In conclusion, this project activity results in total energy savings of 39.73 GWhth below required
threshold of 180 GWhth. Therefore, project activity qualifies as a small scale project activity and it will
remain so during all the years of the chose crediting period.
Project activity does not displace existing CHP or CCHP systems:
“Barranquilla Brewery” uses cooling installations in their production process however, there is not any
CCHP tri-generation system installed. Therefore, project activity will not displace any existing CCHP
system.
Brewery obtains electricity from Colombian national grid. Heat process requirements are supplied by
three boilers in operation and another one in stand by. Therefore, the proposed project activity is not
going to displace any CHP cogeneration system.
According to the above description the selected baseline and monitoring methodology, AMS II.H, is
applicable to this project activity.
B.3.
Description of the project boundary:
AMS–II.H defines the project boundary as ‘the physical, geographical sites of the project extended to the
industrial facility consuming energy generated by the project and process equipment that are affected by
11
project activity’. This encompasses entire “Barranquilla Brewery”, including the site where the Project is
located. As the project displaces electricity previously purchased from the grid, the project boundary is
extended to include the power plants connected to Colombia’s grid.
B.4.
Description of baseline and its development:
Baseline definition of the proposed project activity falls under Paragraph 6 of the mentioned small-scale
methodology AMS II.H:
“One of the three following options for baseline emission calculations shall be used depending on the
technology that would have been used to produce the heat/steam and power and where relevant cooling,
in the absence of the project activity:
(a) Electricity is imported from the grid (includes the cooling load of a vapour compression
system where relevant) and/or steam/heat is produced using fossil fuel;
(b) Electricity is produced in an onsite captive power plant (includes cooling load of a vapour
compression system where relevant) and/or steam/heat is produced using fossil fuel;
(c) A combination of (a) and (b);”
As natural gas is the current fuel used in boilers and electricity is imported from the grid, the baseline for
the proposed project activity is option (a): “Electricity is imported from the grid and steam is produced
using fossil fuels”.
Nowadays, the final output capacity from Barranquilla Brewery is 3.0 Million Hl/year. To cover energy
needs 3 boilers in operation and another one in standby are needed. This group of boilers produced an
average of 28 t/h steam with peaks of 44 t/h. That means that it is necessary to maintain several boilers in
operation to face production peaks or maintain another boiler to cover maintenance times.
It is necessary to take into account that the maximum output capacity of a boiler is not easy to reach.
Normally steam boilers optimal performance is at ¾ of its maximum capacity, which means, also,
optimal fuel consumptions and lower maintenance costs.
Two new boilers similar to the existing ones would be necessary to produce the needed steam to increase
production until 4.9 Million Hl/year capacity in absence of the project activity instead of one as in shown
in Table 3 below:
12
Table 3
According to paragraph 7 of the AMS II.H, two new boilers of 15 t/h would otherwise have been
installed in the absence of the proposed project activity instead the cogeneration system an additional
boiler within project activity.
Therefore, without CDM project activity “Barranquilla Brewery” would have 5 boilers in operation and
another one in standby to support other five. This is considered the baseline situation that will be
replaced by the proposed project scenario.
Data used to calculate baseline emissions are illustrated in table 4:
DATA
VALUE
UNIT
SOURCE
Efficiency of the displaced
equipment
83%
-
Ratio Steam/heat to the process
0.71
MWh/t
248,000
t/y
Factory annual operating hours
8,100
h
Gas turbo generator designed
annual operating hours
7,695
h
Turbo generator confidence level
95%
95%
90%
90%
48,879.00
MWh
156,816
MWhth
Basic Engineering document Ref: BVB0807IB.2 –
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Sept.2008 page 7.3
80,259
MWhth
Sept.2008 page 7.3
18,217
MWhth
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Annual Steam production
Cervecería de Barranquilla total
operating hours
Amount of electricity displaced by
the project
Estimated consumptions of thermal
energy by the gas turbine
energy by the supplemental burner
of the Cogeneration system
energy by the fire tube 1 boiler in
the project activity
13
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Sept.2008 page 7.3
Bavaria historical data
DATA
VALUE
UNIT
Grid power plants generation
several
MWh
Thermal grid power plants
efficiency
several
MBTU/MWh
Grid power plants fuel type
several
-
Natural Gas emission factor
54.30
tCO2/TJ
Gas/Diesel oil emission factor
72.60
tCO2/TJ
92.80
tCO2/TJ
Sub-bituminous coal emission
factor
Other bituminous coal emission
factor
Conversión factor
Conversión factor
89.50
3.6 x 10
1,055
tCO2/TJ
6
J/kWh
J/BTU
SOURCE
Associated Services Management, XM Compañía de
expertos en Mercados, S.A, E.S.P
2006 IPCC guidelines for nacional GHG Inventories.
Volume 2. Chapter 1. Table 1.4. Lower limits.
http://www.ieslaasuncion.org/fisicaquimica/sistema4.html
http://www.ieslaasuncion.org/fisicaquimica/sistema4.html
Table 4
B.5.
Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below
those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered small-scale CDM project activity:
THE INITIATION OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITY
In early 2007 BAVARIA S.A began preparing the expansion plan of some of their installations in
Colombia to satisfy expanding market demand more specifically, in “Malteria de Cartagena” and
“Barranquilla Brewery”.
One of the points that need to be solved was how to cover future energy demand increase. Boilers to
produce steam and import electricity from the grid were business as usual and cheaper option but heat
and power ratio in the brewery process allows the installation of CHP systems with less total energy
consumption and reducing factory energy costs.
In early 2007 this last option was not affordable for the company due to energy costs in Colombia,
investment needs and the easiness and safety of using electricity from the grid, but during 2008 there
were some externalities that could make cogeneration project feasible:
-
-
In 2007 Bavaria Colombia participates in a fuel switching CDM Project called “Umbrella”
knowing the CER revenues for developing GHG mitigation projects. SAB Miller Group has been
also participating in similar projects fomenting this kind of activities in the Company.
Law 629 of 2000 establishes the need of tax exemptions for mitigation projects enhancement.
Law 788 of 2002 establishes that equipment and machinery imports for CDM projects are
exempt from tax (Added value tax).
After contacts with several project developers and analyzing CDM benefits, Bavaria decided to engage a
contest to contract a consultancy in order to obtain CDM project approval and ensure CDM benefits.
BAVARIA decided then to invest in the Bavaria Brewery cogeneration system delaying Malteria de
Cartagena cogeneration due to project costs. Finally, cogeneration was awarded in July 2008 to the group
TURBOMACH and SOLAR TURBINES.
14
Therefore, considering this date the starting point of the project activity is demonstrated the prior
consideration of the CDM to take the investment decision since without tax exemptions, CDM revenues
it would have not been possible to develop the project.
DEMONSTRATION OF ADDITIONALITY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ACTIVITY
This section will demonstrates implementation of Project without CDM encounters financial barriers –
which can be alleviated by CDM registration. The demonstration of the financial barrier follows the
guidance provided in Step 3 of the Combined Tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate
additionality.
According to the general guidance for SSC-CDM methodologies (version 12), Paragraph 14, Type II new
facilities shall demonstrate that the most plausible baseline scenario is the one provided in the respective
type II methodology, for this purpose it may be applied steps 1 to 3 of the Combined Tool to identify the
baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality (version 02.2). As stated in the above section of the
PDD, the baseline scenario would have been the installation of 3 new water tube boilers and to rid the
oldest and out of order one.
Step 1 identification of alternative scenarios:
The available scenarios for BAVARIA that could be considered realistic and that provide outputs with
the same properties of the proposed project activity, are as follows:
1. The proposed project activity undertaken without being registered as a CDM project activity.
2. The installation of 3 new water tube boilers to provide the steam demand for the process as
described in section B.4.
3. The installation of a new water tube boiler to increase partially the brewery production and wait
for market demand evolution to take further decisions.
4. Continuation of the current situation.
All these scenarios are in accordance to Colombian industrial and environmental law as stated above and
in D section of the PDD.
Step 2: Barrier analysis:
Sub-step 2a: identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of alternative scenarios:
Alternative 1:
There are investment barriers, technological barrier and lack of prevailing practices barriers that prevent
the implementation of a cogeneration system to occur.
The necessary investment to implement such a system is close to 11 million UD$ in comparison to 0.65
million US$ that cost each water boiler. Cogeneration investments needs make these systems unattractive
in comparison of current systems based on electricity consumption from the grid.
15
According to elemental business rules and to common sense, if there is a more viable economical
alternative with less investment it should be preferred if more intensive investment one has no important
benefits.
Therefore, investment necessary for alternative 2 is so little in comparison to the proposed project
activity that in current scenario, the Company would have preferred it to face production expansion
avoiding risks.
Besides, technology proposed in this project activity is not very common in Colombia. Nowadays only
3% of the installed capacity in the Colombian grid is provided by cogeneration systems due to cited
investment needs and distrust on the technology as any of the 9 plants that Bavaria has in Colombia had
installed a cogeneration system demonstrating the shortfall of this technology in Colombia.
The technology and the equipment described in section A of the PDD shall be imported from the USA
and training labours to operate and maintain the plan or risks technological failure are considered during
investment decisions.
Alternative 3 and 4:
Although these scenarios could be considered realistic and are affordable for the Company, an analysis of
the global market situation shows that BAVARIA could not wait for market evolution in the region and
is obliged to take steps before the demand increment to be prepared and to maintain its market share.
Currently BAVARIA controlled almost 90% of the beer market in Colombia, Peru and other surrounding
countries, but the market share of other non-alcoholic and soft drinks for BAVARIA is below 50%. If
BAVARIA had decided not to increased production until 5.2 hectolitres per year it would not have been
able to attend the increased demand in the area, which would have been supply by competitors like
AmBev in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. That would have meant a disaster for the Company profits and the
risk to be out of the market in the surrounding areas. Due to this market barrier, alternatives 3 and 4 can
not be considered viable.
Sub-step 2b: eliminate alternative scenarios which are prevented by the identified barriers
Alternative scenarios 1, 3 and 4 are eliminated by the barriers identified above.
The only alternative scenario remaining is number 2: The installation of 3 new water tube boilers to
provide the steam demand for the process as described in section B.4, therefore, and in accordance to the
combined tool, this one is the baseline scenario: if there is only one alternative scenario that is not
prevented by any barrier, and if this alternative is not the proposed project activity undertaken without
being registered as a CDM project activity, then this alternative is identified as the baseline scenario.
Once the baseline is identified and following requirements of the mentioned combined tool, it shall be
demonstrated how the registration of the CDM project activity will alleviate the barriers that prevent the
proposed project activity from occurring in the absence of the CDM. If the CDM alleviates the identified
barriers that prevent the proposed project activity from occurring then it is additional.
Based in attachment A to appendix B of the indicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies
for selected SSC CDM project activities and following the non-binding best practice examples to
16
demonstrate additionality, it will be demonstrated how the CDM registration will alleviate the investment
barrier that prevent the proposed project activity from occurring.
The Project does not generate considerable financial and economic benefits. Revenues are related to
savings for electricity purchases, since turbine is designed to produce electricity within the plant. In this
case and taking into account step 2 of the tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality,
benchmark analysis has been selected as more appropriate to demonstrate the Project’s additionality.
Benchmark
The project developer selects the Project’s internal rate return or Project IRR as the financial indicator.
The chosen benchmark is the Weighted Average Capital Cost for Colombia. None other prime risks are
used based on project characteristics (cogeneration) being the assumption conservative.
The financial indicator for Colombia is published by Bloomberg Finance L.D. The indicator consists of
the capital cost in Colombia and the country risk premium. On the 19/02/2009, the cost of money without
risk is set at 2.78%. The risk premium is also defined by Bloomberg at 9.04%. Consequently, the set
expected return of the capital by the market is 11.82%. This benchmark could be considered as
conservative considering typical internal rates and risk premium for non strategic investments in
industries.
In industries non strategic investments an added value prime has to be considered, reflecting all
implementation risks the project is exposed:
-
Risk due to the delay of implementation of the technology solution due to starting problems
Risks in planned power efficiencies of gas technology
Risk arising from the capital availability and credit risks
Risks of production reductions
The 10 years period is selected based on the typical lending period provided by commercial bank for
local borrowing, benchmark used in analysis (10 years period) and according to contract conditions
signed with Turbomach (After 10 years period another turbine shall be bought). All input to investment
analysis are based on the rates available within Project Documentation.
Project Revenue and Costs
Project requires about USD 11.4 million of capital to be implemented and will be financed using
combination of debt and equity. Revenue will be generated from savings in energy costs. The expected
electricity selling price is established in 199COP/kWh according to “Barranquilla Brewery” electricity
bills.
The largest operating expense of the Project is the procurement of natural gas purchase payable to the
Natural Gas Company. The price of natural gas is set based on historical gas natural price in
Barranquilla. Gas is 4.12$/MMBTU.
Assumptions used for investment analysis is summarized in the following Table 7, and the investment
cost of the cogeneration system including installation is provided in table 8.
17
Financial Parameters
Value
Units
Exchange price COP/$
WACC
Load Factor (90% project workness and 95 confidence level)
CER Price
Financial Analysis Parameters
Valor
Average exchange rate 4 years
WACC Bloomberg
Bavaria
Unidades
Cogeneration working hours
Equivalent Beer Production
Electricity Consumption
Steam Consumption
6926
4.45
40911750
212040
Energy Prices
Source
2,386 COP/$
11.82%
86%
15.00 $/CER
Fuente
h
MMHl
kWh
Tonnes steam
Valor
Normal Operating Conditions
Unidades
Colombian CPI
Source
5.28%
Inflation data Colombia
CPI US Index
3%
U.S. Department of Labour ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt
Annual gas natural price increase
3%
CPI US Index for energy data
Annual electricity price increase
3%
CPI US Index for energy data
Gas Natural price discount due to cogeneration uses
8.90%
Electricity Price (COP)
199.00 COP/kWh
Electricity Selling Price
Electricity Price
Gas Natural Price
Technical Aspects
UPME data
0.020
US$/kWh
0.083
US$/kWh
4.12
Average electricity price in Barranquilla since Project decision
US$/MMBTU
Valor
Average gas price in Barranquilla since Project decision
Unidades
Fuente
Boilers Efficiency
86% NCV
Basic Engineering document Ref: BVB0807IB.2 – Sept.2008
Thermal energy efficiency
56% NCV
Heat content steam
0.71 MWh/tonnes steam
Gas Turbine Efficiency
31.80%
Gross Electric Power Output
6.49 MW
Energy SelfConsumption
0.15 MW
Table 7
BARRANQUILLA COGENERATION
SYSTEM
Turbine system
Generator
Erection
Heat Recovery Boiler
Preliminary and Tests
TOTAL PLANT
Process Buildings
Transformers room
Region costs
Total Plant, Buildings and Indirects
Project Contingencies (7%)
Project Finance Charges
Allowance (Import Duties and Taxes)
VAT
DUTIE
Other Taxes
Total Cogeneration System
Table 8
USD$
$7,710,000.00
Included
Included
Included
$283,613.00
$7,993,613.00
$146,731.00
$231,881.27
$81,500.00
$8,221,844.00
$575,529.08
$338,466.00
$2,326,093.27
$1,394,821.00
$577,286.00
$122,105.00
$11,461,932.35
Based on the assumptions provided in Table 7 and 8, the IRR for this project is calculated to be 10.3%
when typical IRR in Colombia for this kind of activities is at least 11.82% according to Bloomberg data.
Therefore, without CDM the project would be not interesting enough for Bavaria.
Considering CER revenues and VAT exemptions in investment due to CDM, project IRR increases until
14% (36% IRR increase) and reducing investment needs in almost 10%. Taking into account these
revenues it would be viable for BAVARIA to face the high investment and implement a cogeneration
18
system instead of consuming electricity from the grid and installing a set of new boilers which would
have led to higher emissions.
Sensitivity Analysis
As per guideline provided in the sub-step 2d from Tool for the demonstration and assessment of
additionality, sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate that the conclusion regarding the financial
attractiveness is robust to reasonable variations in the critical assumptions.
The Project proponent identified several critical assumptions that have positive impact to IRR: (1)
Electricity price, (2) Gas base price, and (3) Investment (4) Year Production. The impacts of 10%
variation of these assumptions to the IRR are shown in the following table, whereas the behaviour of
individual parameters to the project profitability is shown in the subsequent charts.
IRR
Variable
Electricity price
Natural gas price
Total investment
Production
CDM
10%
-10%
Without CDM
13.4%
6.9%
With CDM
17.3%
10.5%
Without CDM
6.9%
13.4%
With CDM
10.6%
17.2%
Without CDM
8.1%
12.9%
With CDM
12.0%
16.3%
Without CDM
12.9%
7.5%
With CDM
16.9%
10.9%
Table 5 – Results of sensitivity analysis on a number of critical assumptions
Chart below shows that the IRR with CDM registration is higher than benchmark value and above
considering positive variations in the selected parameters and, on the other hand, below the benchmark
value without CDM registration.
Considering negative variations in the selected parameters the IRR is in the most cases below the
selected threshold. With CDM revenues the impact of a negative trend in the parameters evolution is
almost absorbed, and without the CDM revenues the IRR is extremely negative in most cases. In this
negative environment it is shall be considered that there are parameters that are not foreseen that could
vary:
-
-
Investment: is considered after a tender of several companies. The contract was awarded after
deep study of the proposal and with prices guarantees that prevent it to increase so much. A 10%
investment decreasing which would be needed to be on the benchmark is highly improbable.
Electricity prices: IRR financial analysis considers an annual electricity price increase of 3% in
order to preview any increase in electricity costs. Besides, in case of a higher electricity price
19
-
-
increase a higher gas price would be foreseeable1 increasing energy costs in Barranquilla and
reducing saving electricity revenues.
Gas price: A 10% gas price decrease it is also unexpected in a 10 years period considering global
energy context. In this scenario, a lower electricity price would be also foreseeable reducing total
costs savings.
Production: IRR financial analysis considers a 90% plant availability during 10 years and a
cogeneration availability of 95%. This scenario is conservative attending to normal breweries
operation and current procedures of industries. Plant Operating range is decided year by year
according to expected forecast demand and plant characteristics and costs.
Figure 1 below summarizes the behaviour of varying parameters for changes up to 10%. The dot line of
the chart represents the profitability benchmark of 11.82%. As can be seen in the chart, the Project is
most sensitive towards variation of electricity prices, gas prices total investment and production.
IRR 10%
20%
IRR -10%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Without With CDM Without With CDM Without With CDM Without With CDM
CDM
CDM
CDM
CDM
Electricity price
Natural gas price
Total investment
Production
Figure 1: sensitivity analysis
Conclusion: In industries non strategic investments is necessary that in all conditions IRR should be
higher than established benchmark due to flexibility necessary to operate. In this sense, CDM allows
project activity ensures higher IRR’s than benchmark in almost all predictable scenarios for Barranquilla
Brewery.
Project scenario considers cassation between Brewery electricity demand and power production as
perfect. This is, all electricity produced by the cogeneration will be used in the plant being electricity
1
In Colombia thermal power plants, especially those working by gas, use to fix electricity price due to their higher
cost respect of large hydro.
20
savings as optimal. At the reality this assumption is improbable and part of the electricity produced will
be sold to the grid at very low prices reducing total project savings.
Without CDM project activity would be highly improbable due to IRR in almost all forecast scenarios
and investment needed. It is also need to remark IRR benchmark use to be higher in industries non
strategic projects.
B.6.
Emission reductions:
B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices:
Baseline emissions
The Baseline emissions for the project activity can be estimated as follows:
Emissions due to the grid electricity consumptions in the baseline:
BE P , y = E P , y × EFGrid ,CM , y
Where:
Baseline emissions for the grid electricity displaced by the project activity in year “y”
(tCO2eq/year)
E P, y
Amount of grid electricity displaced by the project activity in year “y” (MWh)
EFGrid ,CM , y
Emission factor of the grid (tCO2eq/MWh)
BE P, y
EFG , y will be calculated in accordance with methodology AMS I.D paragraph 9 (a) as the combined
margin, consisting of the combination of operating margin and build margin according to the procedures
prescribed in the tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system.
The electric system in Colombia is characterised by the generation of conventional hydroelectric energy
and the generation of thermal power plants, which represent more than 96% of the installed power and
energy generated during 2008. Minor plants based on renewable energies play a minor role and represent
5% of the energy generated and represent less than 4% of the capacity installed.
The National Dispatch Centre, which coordinates the electricity market trade and the operations of the
National Interconnected Electricity System of Colombia, and the Mining-Energy Approach Unit of the
Ministry of Mines and Energy, provides the data required for the calculation of these two emission
factors.
The method selected to calculate the operating margin emission factor is the Simple Adjusted OM,
called “option b” of the “Tool to calculate the emission factor of an electricity system", version 01.1. The
Simple Adjusted OM provides a formula of the sources for calculating the emission factor taking into
account the hourly generation system and the % provided by the low-cost/must-run plants.
Ex-post option is selected for the OM calculation; therefore the operating margin shall be updated
annually during monitoring.
21
In accordance with the "Tool to calculate the emission factor of an electricity system", the baseline
factor (EFgrid,CM,y) is calculated as the weighted mean of the operating margin emission factor (EFgrid,OM,y)
and the build margin emission factor (EFgrid,BM,y), the weighting factors selected are identical for both
factors (wOM=wBM=0,5). For the second and third crediting period, the values of these factors are 0.25 for
WOM and 0.75 for WBM.
a) Calculation of the operating margin emission factor (EFgrid,OM,y): Simple Ajusted OM
The option of the “Tool used to calculate the emission factor of an electricity system” is applicable to
electrical systems, where % of the mean generation during a period of five years for low-cost/must-run
plants exceeds the 50% value, as is the case of the Colombian System. The main difference with the
simple method lies in that this method takes into account this type of plants, differentiating them in the
calculation of the emission factor from the rest of plants.
The plants registered as CDM project activities have been taken into account for the calculation of the
operating margin emission factor, as established by the tool. Then, the procedure followed for the
calculation of the operating margin includes the following stages:
1. The selected option for calculating the emission factor of each plant is based on efficiency (option
B2) of the different plant of the Colombian Interconnected System, with the following expression:
[Equation 1]
Where
EFEL,m,y
ηm,y
Heat ratem
EF CO2,m,i,y
(tCO2/GJ)
is the emission factor of plant m in tCO2/MWh.
is the average net energy conversion efficiency of power unit m in year y (%)
is the inverse of the efficiency of the power unit m (GJ/MWh)2
is the average CO2 emission factor o fuel type I used in power unit m in year y
2. Value λy must be calculated before the calculation of the operating margin emission factor, using the
following expression:
The steps required to calculate λy are:
Step i: The total hourly generation data of the year are presented, from high to low, in comparison to the
total 8760 hours of the year.
2
The values of all the plants operating were obtained through the Dirección Servicios Asociados, XM Compañía de Expertos en
Mercados S.A. E.S.P in units of MBTU / MWh and through an exchange of units have been transformed to GJ / MWh to include
in this term.
22
Step ii: Calculate the total annual generation of low-cost/must-run plants.
Step iii: Draw a horizontal line that crosses the line represented, so that the area under the curve
represents the total generation of low-cost/must-run plants.
Step iv: Determine value λy, taking into account that λy is calculated as X/8760, where X represents the
hours on the right of the point of intersection.
3. The next step involves the calculation of the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions produced by
energy unit generated by the system. The said emission factor (EFDD,h) is obtained with the following
expression:
Where
is the annual operating margin emission factor, and
- EFgrid OM adj y,
- EGj y, EGk y
is the net electricity generated and supplied to the grid by plant j or k during the
year and in MWh, where k are plants low-cost/must-run and j the others one.
- EFEL m y
is the emission factor of plant j or k, during year y and in t CO2/MWh. It is
calculated in stage 1.
After downloading the data corresponding to the year 2008 from NEON and applying the previous steps,
we have obtained the following value for the operating margin emission factor:
EFgrid,OM,2007 = 0.422 tCO2/MWh
Annex 3 includes more information about the calculations that have been carried out.
b) Build margin emission factor (EFgrid,BM,y)
“Option 1” has been chosen in the build margin emission factor as the tool selected, Therefore, it must
not be updated annually during the first crediting period, while the factor will be updated with an ex-ante
approach for the second crediting period. This updated factor should be used for the third crediting
period.
The set of plants used for the calculation of the build margin factor is made up of the alternative that
represents the greatest quantity of energy between the five plants that have been built recently, which
generated 20% of the system’s energy.
Both cases have not included the plants registered as CDM project activities, as established in the tool.
Once the option of the number of plants to use is selected, the build margin emission factor will be
calculated with the following equation:
23
Where
EFEL,m,y
is the emission factor of plant m in kgCO2/MWh fuel i, of the set of plants selected for
the calculation of the build margin emission factor and it is obtained from equation 1.
EGm,y
is the quantity of energy generated by plant m in year y, This calculation uses the annual
plant generation information, provided by the CND through the NEON system.
The same units described for OM emission factor calculations have been applied for the equation.
For the year 2008, following the previous steps, we have obtained the following build margin emission
factor:
Egrid,BM,2007 = 0.211 tCO2/MWh
Annex 3 includes more information about the calculations that have been carried out.
c) Combined margin emission factor (EFgrid,CM,y)
The baseline emission factor (EFy) is obtained with the combination of the operating and build margin
emission factors:
Where:
- EFgrid,CM,y
Is the baseline emission factor during year y
- wOM
Is the weight of the operating margin emission factor, A value of 0,5 has been taken. For
the second and third crediting period this factor has a value of 0.25.
- EFgrid,OM,y
Is obtained in stage a)
- wBM
Is the weight of the build margin emission factor, A value of 0,5 has been taken. For the
second and third crediting period this factor has a value of 0.75.
Is obtained in stage b)
- EFgrid,BM,y
The following global emission factor is obtained with the combination of the aforesaid factors for 2008:
EFgrid,CM,2008 = 0.316445 tCO2/MWh
Emissions due to the use of water-tube boilers to produce captive steam in the baseline:
According to AMS II.H, in case of a project activity displacing a captive steam generation plant, the
baseline emissions are calculated based on the equivalent amount of fuel that would have been used in
the absence of the project activity, up to the point in time when the equipment needs to be replaced.
According to the tool to calculate project or leakage CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion:
BE FC , y = FCGN , y × COEFGN
Where
BE FC , y
Are the CO2 emissions from natural gas combustion in the baseline boilers (tCO2eq/year)
24
Is the quantity of natural gas that would have been combusted during year y (m3/yr)
Is the CO2 emission coefficient of natural gas (tCO2/m3)
FCGN , y
COEFGN
Since necessary data are not available option B of the tool is used:
COEFGN = NCVGN × EFCO2 ,GN
Where
Is the weighted average net calorific value of natural gas (GJ/m3)
Is the weighted average CO2 emission factor of natural gas (tCO2/GJ)
NCVGN
EFCO2 ,GN
According to Paragraph 10(b) of AMS II.H:
FC y = FCGN , y × NCVGN =
S P, y
η cs
Where
FC y
S P, y
η cs
Equivalent amount of natural gas that would have been consumed in boilers in year y (GJ)
Thermal energy delivery of the project activity (GJ)
Efficiency of boilers
Taking into account the above equations, emissions due to the use of water-tube boilers to produce
captive steam in the baseline are as follows:
BE FC , y =
S P, y
η cs
× EFCO2 ,GN
Baseline emissions:
BE y = BE P, y + BE FC , y
Project emissions
According to the AMS II.H the project emissions for the project activity will be the emissions
corresponding to the use of fossil fuels and electricity.
Since the proposed project activity is based in a cogeneration system, there is no net consumption of
electricity from the grid and the fossil fuel used is natural gas. The project emissions due to the
consumption of natural gas in the gas-turbine and in the auxiliary boiler will be calculated in accordance
to the tool to calculate project or leakage CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and are given by:
PE FC , y = FCCG , y × EFCO2 ,GN
Where
PE FC , y Are the CO2 emissions from natural gas combustion in the project activity in year y (tCO2eq/yr)
FCCG , y Is the amount of natural gas that is consumed by the project activity in year y (GJ)
25
FC CG , y = FC y × NCVGN
Where
FC y
Is the quantity of natural gas combusted in the project activity during the year y. (m3/yr)
Emission reductions
The emission reductions due to the project activity will be given by:
ER y = BE y − PE FC , y
B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data used:
Value applied:
Justification of the
choice of data or
description of
measurement methods
and procedures
actually applied :
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value applied:
choice of data or
description of
measurement methods
and procedures
actually applied :
Any comment:
Emission factors
KgCO2/TJ
Emission factor of the plants, in accordance with the fuel used for the
generation of energy
Table 1.4 on page 1.23 of the document “2006 IPPC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, Volume 2, taking the lowest value for a
confidence level of 95%.
See annex 3
Document “Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Reference Manual” does not provide specific emission factors per
thermal energy unit for Colombia, so that the general values stated in Volume 2
of the “2006 IPPC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” have
been used.
These data will be revised when relevant bibliography is available
η cs
Weighted average efficiency of the displaced boilers.
Historic data of the boilers efficiency registered by BAVARIA
86%
According to paragraph 10.c).(ii).1 of the methodology AMS II.H, the highest
measured efficiency of the units currently in operation in BAVARIA has been
chosen.
26
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value applied:
choice of data or
description of
measurement methods
and procedures
actually applied :
Any comment:
SHR
GJ/t
Ratio of the energy delivered to the process per tonne of steam
Calculation by BAVARIA Engineers
2.556 GJ/t
Based in the energy content of the steam calculated according to
thermodynamic equations.
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
Plants considered for the calculation of the build margin emission Factor (m)
Text
Identification of the plants for the calculation of the build margin emission
Factor
Regulator of the electricity market: UPME
Value applied:
The data has been provided by UPME for the ex-ante calculations (see Annex 3)
This ratio is used to calculate the Thermal energy delivery of the project
activity ( S P , y = SHR x tonnes of steam)
UPME (Energy and mining planning unit of the Mining and Energy Ministery)
choice of data or
collected annually the set of plants most recently built for Build Margin
description of
calculations purposes.
measurement methods
and procedures actually
applied :
Any comment:
B.6.3
Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions:
BASELINE EMISSIONS
Baseline emissions from grid electricity displacement ( BE P, y )
As elaborated earlier for, the baseline emissions are calculated based on the net electricity output
supplied by the Project to the grid multiplied with grid emission factor. For the purpose of calculating exante emission reduction data contained in table 6 of section B.4 are used.
BE P , y = E P , y × EFGrid ,CM , y = 48.879 MWh x 0.316 tCO2/MWh = 15,468 tCO2/yr
27
Baseline emissions from natural gas combustion in captive boilers displaced ( BE FC , y )
According to sections above, the baseline emissions for the consumptions of natural gas in the boilers
that are displaced by the project activity is based in the estimated amount of steam produced by each
boiler and their efficiency.
BOILER
Steam BL
t/y
Thermal
Energy
TJ
Fuel
TJ
Water tube2
Water tube4
Water tube5
Water tube6
Fire tube1
49,600
49,600
49,600
49,600
49,600
126.78
126.78
126.78
126.78
126.78
147.42
147.42
147.42
147.42
147.42
Fuel type
Natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas
BE FC , y =
248,000
Baseline
emissions
tCO2
8,004.68
8,004.68
8,004.68
8,004.68
8,004.68
40,023
BE y = BE P, y + BE FC , y = 15,468 + 40,023 = 55,491 tCO2/yr
PROJECT EMISSIONS
The Project emissions are the sum of emissions from combustion of natural gas for the main gas turbine
and the auxiliary burners to increased steam production, plus the consumptions of the conventional
boilers (fire-tube 1) needed to supply peak demands. Taking into account values provided in table 6, the
project emissions calculation is as follows:
Fuel consumptions
Fuel Type
MWhth
TJ
Baseline
emissions
tCO2
Gas turbine
Supplementary firing
Fire-tube 1
Natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas
156,816
80,259
18,217
564.5376
288.9324
65.5812
30,654
15,689
3,561
255,292
PE FC , y =
49,904
EX-ANTE EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
ER y = BE y − PE FC , y = 55,491 – 49,904 = 5,587 tCO2/yr
B.6.4
Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions:
Based on the data we already know, we estimate that the following reduction in emissions will be
attained during the first crediting period of the project activity.
28
Year
Estimation of
project activity
emissions (tCO2e)
Estimation of
baseline
emissions (tCO2e)
Estimation of
leakage (tCO2e)
24,952
49,904
49,904
49,904
49,904
49,904
49,904
24,952
27,745
55,491
55,491
55,491
55,491
55,491
55,491
27,746
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Estimation of
overall emission
reductions
(tCO2e)
2,793
5,587
5,587
5,587
5,587
5,587
5,587
2,792
349,328
388,437
0
39,109
01/07/2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
31/06/2016
Total (tonnes of
CO2e)
B.7
Application of a monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan:
B.7.1
Data and parameters monitored:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
Value of data with the
purpose of calculating
expected emissions
reductions in section
B.6.3:
Brief description of
measurement methods
and procedures to be
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
be applied (if any)
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
Steam production
t/year (tonnes of steam)
Steam production by the Cogeneration system (Gas turbine and supplementary
fire) and the auxiliary conventional boilers (Fire-tube 1) to supply the
production process in Barranquilla Brewery Project.
Project site. Direct measurement every minute.
248,000 t/year
Steam produced by the cogeneration system will be connected to the existing
steam pipe of the factory, near the cogeneration plant. There is installed an
orifice-plate flow meter connected to the instrumentation and control system
for data gathering (SAD).
SAD is an integrated supervision and analysis system for collecting all the
parameters monitored in the cogeneration system. SAD will check information
on-line prior to its processing. All data out of range will be detected
immediately; therefore any deviation in steam flow meter can be detected,
monitored and corrected asap.
This parameter is used to calculate: S P , y = SHR x tonnes of steam.
Natural gas consumption
m3/year
Consumes of natural gas of the cogeneration system and the conventional
boilers.
Project site. Direct measurement continuously.
29
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
be applied (if any)
Any comment:
255,292 MWhth
There will be two different sources for obtaining data of natural gas
consumption:
- SAD connected to the new metering house and the existing flow meter
station.
- GASES DEL CARIBE, S.A (natural gas provider) invoices.
Personnel responsible for monitoring will double check consumption data to
detect any incoherencies and take the necessary measures to correct them.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
be applied (if any):
Any comment:
NCVGN
GJ/m3
Net calorific value of natural gas
GASES DEL CARIBE, S.A. Updated yearly by the provider.
0.035985 GJ/m3
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
E P, y
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
-
-
MWh
Quantity of electricity displaced by the project activity
It will be measured on-line by SAD. Imports and exports to the grid will be
measured by Electricaribe.
48,879 MWh
The cogeneration power plant will be connected to the Colombian grid by means
of a general grid switch at 13.2 kV. An automatic switch (DYF) will be installed
to connect the factory to the cogeneration power plant and monitor factory
electricity consumptions. It will be installed a meter to monitor export and
import energy to and from the grid (MED-R) controlled and maintained by
Electricaribe. Another electrical meter will be installed to monitor gas turbine
30
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
electricity production (MED-G1) and connected to SAD.
SAD calculates on line energy produced by the gas turbine, internal consumes in
the cogeneration system, electricity supply to the factory and imports/exports to
the grid. This last will be crosscheck with Electricaribe invoices to detect
possible errors. SAD has an internal check system to detect data that are out of
thresholds according to other parameters of the cogeneration system. Any
discrepancy or error detected is immediately report to monitoring responsible
personnel. Meter equipment will be calibrated periodically in accordance with
the standards established by the national authorities.
-
EGj y, EGk y
kWh
Annual electricity generated by each plant of the national interconnected System
of Colombia.
NEON system
The data obtained from the NEON system and corresponding to year 2008 have
been applied.
The quantity of energy generated by the power plants during the year is
registered in the NEON system as “Real generation”. This system will be
accessed once a year to download data, which will be stored in an electronic
spreadsheet.
The data of the total generation of the system and the data corresponding to each
plant will be downloaded. The sum of all individual data will be checked, in
order to ensure that it is similar to the total system generation data. In case there
are differences between the two types of data, the reasons and sources will be
analysed and errors will be corrected.
Electricity generated by each power plant of the grid hourly.
kWh
Hourly electricity generated by the National Interconnected System of Colombia
NEON system
The data obtained from the NEON system and corresponding to each hour of the
year 2008 have been applied
The quantity of energy generated by the System is registered in the NEON
System as "Real Generation". This system will be accessed once a year to
download data, which will be stored in an electronic spreadsheet
31
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
Annual electricity generated by low-cost/must-run power plants and the rest of
the power plants
kWh
Annual electricity generated by low-cost/must-run power plants and the rest of
the power plants
Data calculated from data of annual generation of each power plant
It has been calculated the annual amount of generation from all low-cost/mustrun plants and the other plants obtaining a value of:
Low-cost/must-run (kWh)
46,129,715,710
Thermal (kWh)
8,165,774,653
This piece of data is calculated automatically by the spreadsheet designed to
monitor the project. It should take into account each year adding new power
plants and their typology.
Heat Rate
MBTU/MWh (GJ/MWh)
Heat Rate of the different plants connected to the National Interconnected
System of Colombia
Associated Services Management, XM Compañía de Expertos en Mercados S.A.
E.S.P.
See annex 3
32
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
This piece of data is provided directly by the Colombian electricity authorities in
different formats
The data will be updated in accordance with the latest information facilitated by
the Colombian electricity authorities
Emission factor of each plant (EFEl,m,y,)
tCO2/MWh
Emission factor of each plant, in accordance with the type and characteristics of
the fuel used to obtain energy
See annex 3
It will be calculated once a year with the application of Equation 1 of section
B.6.1.
The data will be updated in accordance with the latest information facilitated by
the Colombian electricity authorities
Operating margin emission factor (EFgrid,OM,y)
tCO2/MWh
Operating margin emission factor
0.422
33
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Calculated once a year, as specified in section B.6.1.
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
Build margin emission factor (EFgrid,BM,y)
tCO2/MWh
Build margin emission factor
0.211
Data/Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data:
expected emissions
B.6.3:
Baseline emission factor (EFgrid,CM,y)
tCO2/MWh
Baseline emission factor
0.316445
-
-
34
measurement methods
applied :
QA/QC procedures to
Any comment:
B.7.2
-
Description of the monitoring plan:
This section describes the tasks that will be developed with the purpose of carrying out the regular
monitoring of the project activity. In this sense, a monitoring plan has been designed with the purpose of
guaranteeing that the project activity is correctly organised from the start, in terms of data gathering and
maintenance, as required to obtain realistic GHG emission data. All data and parameters will be recorded
in accordance with the quality systems of the companies participating in the project, with their
corresponding quality control and assurance procedures.
A Monitoring Plan has been designed with the purpose of guaranteeing that the project activity is
correctly organised from the start, in terms of data gathering and maintenance, as required to obtain
realistic greenhouses gases emission data. The Monitoring Plan of Barranquilla Brewery Project
describes the procedures for data collection, and auditing required for the project, in order to determine
and verify emissions reductions achieved by the project. This project will require only very
straightforward collection of data, described below, most of which is already collected routinely by the
staff of the Brewery plant, where the proposed CDM project is to be implemented.
Data Collection and Reporting Structure Operational data relevant for emission accounting will be
logged by operator on daily basis using a pre-prepared log-sheet form, as part of the data logging system.
The log book will be signed and checked by an Operational Manager who will compile the report on
weekly basis to determine:
-
Daily electrical output delivered to the factory
Daily steam consumptions in the factory
Daily gas consumptions in the cogeneration system and in the conventional boilers.
The site operational manager consolidates the above data on monthly basis, and cross-checked them
against receipts from GASES DEL CARIBE, S.A, sales invoices from Electricaribe, and gas properties
provided by GASES DEL CARIBE, S.A. The consolidated information is summarized into a monthly
report, checked and signed by the site general manager. On six-monthly basis, these reports will be
compiled and an estimate of emission reduction is made and reported to the Barranquilla BreweryBAVARIA Board of Director in an Emission Reduction Delivery Report (ERDR). The ERDR also
reports findings of periodic procedure & calibration audit performed within the reporting period.
Annually the ERDR is compiled and reviewed and an Emission Reduction Monitoring Report (ERMR) is
issued for verification by the DOE.
Archiving of Data Field data will be stored on computer software, but daily log-sheet will serve as backup purpose and archived at Project site. Monthly report/ERDR/ERMR will be made available at both the
35
Project site and BAVARIA administrative office in both electronic copy and hard-copy to ensure data
survival. All data will be kept up to 3years after the end of crediting periods.
Training & Implementation Prior to commencement of crediting period, BAVARIA will empower
relevant officers for CDM implementation in a meeting. At the end of the meeting, a procedure should be
developed, documented, and agreed by all relevant parties to be disseminated and become basis for
compliance check prior to ERDR issuance. Annually, this procedure is reviewed for effectiveness and
improvement will be made where required. This procedural document will be made available during
verification.
The Methodology describes the procedure and equations for calculating project and baseline emissions
from monitored data. For the specific project, the methodology is applied through a spreadsheet model.
The model contains a series of worksheets with different functions:
• Data entry sheet (fuel consumption, efficiencies)
• Calculation sheets (natural gas)
• Result sheet (emission reductions)
The Monitoring Plan contains the following worksheets:
Sheet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Title
Instructions
Monthly and annual electricity generation
Monthly and annual natural gas consumptions
Monthly and annual Steam delivered to the Brewery
Grid data
Combined margin calculation
Calculation of ERs
Operating Margin calculation
Barranquilla Brewery Project uses the Simple Adjusted OM of the “Tool to calculate the emission factor
for an electricity system” for the calculation of the operating margin emission factor.
In this calculation will use four parameters to guarantee the dynamic and automatic monitoring of the
reduction of GHG emissions attained after the implementation of the project:
-
-
-
The emission factors of each plant, taking into account the emission factors obtained from the
document “2006 IPPC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, taking into account
the lowest value with the 95% interval confidence.
The hourly data of total system generation.
Hourly total system generation from top to the bottom and are represented in terms of the 8760
hours a year. In addition it is estimated the area under the curve for different times of year to
calculate the value of λ.
The operating emission factor is calculated taking into account the value of λ, the generation of
each power plant and their emission factors.
B.8
Date of completion of the application of the baseline and monitoring methodology and the
name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies)
36
The application of the baseline and monitoring methodology was completed on 15th, April 2009, by
Factor CO2, which is not a project participant.
The responsible person was:
Javier Vallejo Drehs – [email protected]
Factor CO2 Integral Services, S.L.
C/ General Moscardó, 3 – 28020 Madrid
Tlf: +34 902105560
SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period
C.1
Duration of the project activity:
C.1.1. Starting date of the project activity:
1st June 2008. Sign of the contract between Bavaria, S.A and TURBOMACH-AESA.
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity:
30 years, as per manufacturer information.
C.2
Choice of the crediting period and related information:
C.2.1. Renewable crediting period
C.2.1.1.
Starting date of the first crediting period:
C.2.1.2.
Length of the first crediting period:
1st July 2009
7 years
C.2.2. Fixed crediting period:
Not applicable
C.2.2.1.
Starting date:
Not applicable
37
C.2.2.2.
Length:
Not applicable
SECTION D. Environmental impacts
D.1.
If required by the host Party, documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts
of the project activity:
According to decree number 1220 of 21st April 2005 “Environmental license regulation”, article N. 9
paragraph 3 a), it is mandatory to apply for and to obtain an environmental license to build and operate
power plants of more than 10 MW. To apply for this license it is mandatory, as well, to develop the
required Environmental Impact study.
Taking into account that the proposed project activity consists of a Natural gas turbine of 6.485 MW of
electrical capacity, it is concluded that an analysis of the environmental impacts is not required by the
host party.
In any case, Bavaria S.A, decided to develop an Environmental management plan and to apply for
approval to the DAMAB (Environmental Department of Barranquilla). On 28th February 2008 DAMAB
issued resolution N. 318 confirming that this Environmental management plan was in accordance to
Environmental Law in Colombia. This resolution established six requirements that shall be applicable
during the built of the proposed cogeneration system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
To apply strictly the Environmental management plan.
To guarantee the management and disposal of wastes.
To dispose adequately solid wastes produced during the works.
To treat specifically dangerous wastes in accordance to decree 4741 of 2005.
Any relevant modification of the envisaged activities shall be communicated to the DAMAB and
consequently change the management plan.
6. Every six months it is mandatory to provide the DAMAB with an environmental performance
report.
These requirements are included in the monitoring plan of this project activity.
D.2.
If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host
Party, please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental
impact assessment undertaken in accordance with the procedures as required by the host Party:
To demonstrate that the proposed project activity does not imply significant environmental impacts,
Bavaria, S.A decided to develop an Environmental impact and security study (Ref BVB0808EIA 2). This
study is focused in atmospheric emissions and acoustic contamination. This study shows that NOx, CO
emissions values and noise levels are below legislation thresholds.
38
Parameter
Emissions and immissions
NOx (Turbine emissions)
50 mg/Nm3
NO2 (immissions)
CO (immissions)
52.07 µg/Nm3
3.73 mg/Nm3
Acoustic
Noise level
65.3 dBA
Thresholds according to Law
107.9 mg/Nm3 (Regulation
N.909 5/06/2008)
100 µg/Nm3 (Regulation N.601)
10 mg/Nm3 (Regulation N.601)
75 dBA (regulation N. 0627
7/04/2006)
SECTION E. Stakeholders’ comments
E.1.
Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled:
The stakeholders are defined as the public, including individuals, groups or communities, affected, or
likely to be affected, by the proposed CDM project activity. The stakeholders identified for this project
activity are as follows:
-
Academic staff from Barranquilla universities and academies.
Environmental and certification companies.
Professional associations.
Environmental authorities and members of the government.
Communal action board.
Local authorities.
NGOs
The project participant hosts a stakeholder consultation meeting at the Barranquilla Brewery auditorium
th
on 5 , February 2009. Invitations were distributed by mail, fax and direct telephone calls, to various
institutions included in the table below. The stakeholder meeting was attended by 34 people excluding
representative of Gas Natural SDG and Bavaria, S.A. The meeting was hold by experts form Gas Natural
and Bavaria, who presented the Project activity and explained the Kyoto Protocol and CDM issues.
Toward the end of the presentation, a section of question and answer was held to accommodate all
inquiries and comments. A questionnaire was circulated among those present to survey their opinion
about the project.
39
CONTACT
ORGANIZATION
ALBERTO MARIO AREVALO
Chemical Engineering association
ANA REBOLLEDO
Communal action board of LA CHINITA neighbourhood
CARIDAD CASTELLANOS
Communal action board of LAS NIEVES neighbourhood
DEIVYS VANEGAS ALVARADO
Funlider
EDUARDO RUIZ
NGO FURDECOL
ELVIRA RODRIGUEZ GIL
SENA Academy
FRANK TORO
NGO LINEA VERDE
HERNANDO CARRETERO PAEZ
IVAN DARIO SUAZA
DAMAB Environmental Authority in Barranquilla
Communal action board of LA LUZ neighbourhood
IVETH BRAY
JAIME ECHEVERRY
ONG FEDEMAR
JANETH SILVA
JORGE MOLINA
Pollutant control Ltda.
JORGE PINZON
JOSE RAFAEL PALACIO ANGULO
Municipality
JULIO MONTECERIN
Communal action board of SIMON BOLIVAR neighbourhood
LIBARDO VANEGAS
Funlider
LUCELY SANTANDER
LUIS MIGUEL ORTEGA
PROAMBIENTE LTDA
MANUEL ESTEBAN VEGA
MANUEL PEDRAZA HEREDIA
NGO APRENDA
NATALIE CASTAÑEDA J
Environmental solutions engineering company
NICOLAS SALINAS DE LA CRUZ
NORBERTO GUAITE
DAMAB Environmental Authority in Barranquilla
OSIRIS FARAK
OSWALDO DEL CASTILLO
Chemical Engineering association
PAOLA FONTALVO
Municipality
PASCUAL QUIÑONEZ
NGO FURDECOL
RAFAEL LADRONDEGUEVARA
Botanic Garden of Barranquilla
RAFAEL PEÑA
SGS COLOMBIA SA
RICARDO ZAPATA
SILVANA BERNAL
SENA Academy
ANDI professional association
40
CONTACT
ORGANIZATION
TIBALDO SANJUELO
Pollutant control Ltda.
WILLIAN ENRIQUE PERTUZ MARMOL
Local Management Board
List of stakeholder attending the meeting
Assistants to the Stakeholder meeting
10
7
7
6
5
5
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
A cademy
P rivate Co mpany
P ro fessional
association
Environemntal
authority
Assistants
E.2.
Co mmunal
actio n bo ard
Local autho rities
NGOs
Entities
Summary of the comments received:
The comments received during the meeting and the ones included in the answers to the 26 questionnaires
that were filled out, are summarized in the table below:
Results of the survey. Summary of comments received.
Stakeholders presents at the meeting: 36
Stakeholders surveys: 26
Question 1:
Taking into account the information at your
disposal, give a brief opinion about the project.
Responses summary
In general terms, the project was considered beneficial to the
environment and very important for the social-economic
development of the region.
Question 2
Do you thing that the project contribute to the
social, economical and environmental
development of the region.
All the responses were coincident: the project contributes to the
environmental and social development of the region, mainly by
enhancing employment opportunities.
Question 3
Do you thing that the project contribute to the
social, economical and environmental
development of Colombia.
This project enhance social, economical and environmental
development of Colombia, moreover, the success of this project
is an example for other cities.
Question 4
41
How do you thing that the implementation of the
project could affect yourself.
This project implementation does not affect directly people. The
development of the project will affect positively citizens’ health,
through the reduction of pollutants and GHG emissions.
Question 5
Any additional commentary to the project.
E.3.
All the people presents in the meeting declared; and all the
surveys shows; that they were very pleased with the explanations
about the project. They ask Bavarian representatives for
information about other environmental projects like this one.
Report on how due account was taken of any comments received:
Clarifying explanations were provided to the meeting attendants with regard to the matters expressed in
the comments and inquiries received. There were no negative comments or worries about the project that
may require a decision taking action plan from Bavaria, S.A for the project planning or operation stages.
42
Annex 1
CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY
Organization:
Street/P.O.Box:
Building:
City:
State/Region:
Postfix/ZIP:
Country:
Telephone:
FAX:
E-Mail:
URL:
Represented by:
Title:
Salutation:
Last Name:
Middle Name:
First Name:
Department:
Mobile:
Direct FAX:
Direct tel:
Personal E-Mail:
BAVARIA, S.A.
Calle 94 No 7 A -47
Bogota DC
Cundinamarca
Colombia
+57 6389000
+57 6389254
www.bavaria.com.co
Engineer
Walteros Torres
Héctor Wilson
Dirección de Desarrollo Sostenible (Sustainable Development Division)
+57 314 3826736
+57 6389254
+57 6389235
[email protected]
43
Organization:
Street/P.O.Box:
Building:
City:
State/Region:
Postfix/ZIP:
Country:
Telephone:
FAX:
E-Mail:
URL:
Represented by:
Title:
Salutation:
Last Name:
Middle Name:
First Name:
Department:
Mobile:
Direct FAX:
Direct tel:
Personal E-Mail:
GAS NATURAL, SDG SA
Plaça del gas, 1
Barcelona
Cataluña
08003
Spain
+34 934025179
www.gasnatural.com
Department manager
Beltran
Montserrat
Soluciones Energéticas y Proyectos MDL (CDM projects and Energetic
solutions)
+34 934025179
[email protected]
44
Annex 2
INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING
45
Annex 3
BASELINE INFORMATION
POWER PLANT
FUEL
GEN (kWh)
MBTU/MWh
TJ/MWh
tCO2/MWh
tCO2
COGEN. INGENIO PROVIDENCIA
BIOMASS
1,699,582
COGENERADOR BIOAISE
BIOMASS
3,534,226
COGENERADOR INCAUCA
BIOMASS
25,857,912
COGENERADOR TUMACO
BIOMASS
323,569
COGENERADOR PROENCA
BIOMASS
5,121,510
PAIPA 2
SUB-BITUM
281,246,742
12.22
0.0128921
1.19638688
336479.9122
PAIPA 3
SUB-BITUM
277,498,395
12.27
0.01294485
1.20128208
333353.8491
PAIPA 4
SUB-BITUM
OTHER
BITUM
OTHER
BITUM
OTHER
BITUM
OTHER
BITUM
OTHER
BITUM
763,085,265
9.25
0.00975875
0.905612
691059.173
690,928,040
9.47
0.00999085
0.894181075
617814.7776
50,575,207
12.76
0.0134618
1.2048311
60934.58228
114,830,711
9.6
0.010128
0.906456
104088.987
215,873,861
9.01
0.00950555
0.850746725
183653.9803
89,957,578
8.68
0.0091574
0.8195873
73728.08847
TASAJER 1 GENERADOR
ZIPA BOGOTA 2 GEN.
ZIPA BOGOTA 3 GEN.
ZIPA ISA 4 GENERADOR
ZIPA ISA 5 GENERADOR
53,896,404
PARQUE EOLICO JEPIRACHI
WIND
COGENERACION COLTEJER
COGENERADOR CENTRAL
CASTILLA
COGENERADOR INGENIO
RIOPAILA
COGENERADOR INGENIO
RISARALDA
FUEL OIL
1,442
6.3
0.0066465
0.4825359
0.695816768
FUEL OIL
3,204,040
6.3
0.0066465
0.4825359
1546.064113
FUEL OIL
4,363,232
6.3
0.0066465
0.4825359
2105.41608
FUEL OIL
7,552,296
6.3
0.0066465
0.4825359
3644.253947
CENTRAL CARTAGENA 1
GAS
6,196,271
11.81
0.01245955
0.676553565
4192.108971
CENTRAL CARTAGENA 2
GAS
19,598,940
11.81
0.01245955
0.676553565
13259.7324
CENTRAL CARTAGENA 3
GAS
4,835,364
11.52
0.0121536
0.65994048
3191.052235
CIMARRON
GAS
71,270,085
14.32
0.0151076
0.82034268
58465.8929
MERILECTRICA 1
GAS
25,353,180
9.64
0.0101702
0.55224186
14001.08728
MORRO 1
GAS
172,309,392
10
0.01055
0.572865
98710.01972
MORRO 2
GAS
91,598,651
10
0.01055
0.572865
52473.66095
PALENQUE 3
GAS
395,750
14.32
0.0151076
0.82034268
324.6509437
PROELECTRICA 1 GEN.
GAS
21,704,567
8.1684
0.008617662
0.467939047
10156.41439
PROELECTRICA 2 GEN.
GAS
34,321,532
8.1684
0.008617662
0.467939047
16060.38496
T SIERRA1 GENERADOR
GAS
234,543,400
6.37
0.00672035
0.364915005
85588.40598
TEBSA TOTAL
GAS
3,433,354,928
7.8
0.008229
0.4468347
1534142.119
TERMO FLORES 2
GAS
53,223,823
10
0.01055
0.572865
30490.0654
TERMO FLORES 3
GAS
60,869,460
9.6
0.010128
0.5499504
33475.18387
TERMOBQLLA 3 GENERA.
GAS
25,667,302
9.7
0.0102335
0.55567905
14262.78211
TERMOBQLLA 4 GENERA.
GAS
26,305,574
9.97
0.01051835
0.571146405
15024.33379
46
POWER PLANT
TERMOCANDELARIA 1
GENERACION
TERMOCANDELARIA 2
GENERACION
FUEL
GAS
GEN (kWh)
MBTU/MWh
6,127,000
9.55
TJ/MWh
0.01007525
tCO2/MWh
tCO2
0.547086075
3351.996382
GAS
3,526,000
9.68
0.0102124
0.55453332
1955.284486
TERMOCENTRO -1
GAS
31,269,998
7.09
0.00747995
0.406161285
12700.66257
TERMODORADA1
GAS
17,304,898
9.71
0.01024405
0.556251915
9625.882651
TERMOEMCALI 1
GAS
7,949,222
6.47
0.00682585
0.370643655
2946.328596
TERMOFLORES GENERA.
GAS
680,721,612
6.3
0.0066465
0.36090495
245675.7994
TERMOGUAJIRA 1
GAS
169,533,940
9.8
0.010339
0.5614077
95177.65933
TERMOGUAJIRA 2
GAS
160,650,360
9.7
0.0102335
0.55567905
89270.03943
TERMOPIEDRAS 1 GENERA
GAS
5,043
10
0.01055
0.572865
2.889238899
TERMOVALLE 1
GAS
56,623,222
6.58
0.0069419
0.37694517
21343.85014
TERMOYOPAL UNIDAD 1
GAS
58,694,203
10
0.01055
0.572865
33623.85437
TERMOYOPAL UNIDAD 2
GAS
156,167,330
12.71
0.01340905
0.728111415
113707.216
1,888,056,552
ALBAN (ALTO Y BAJO ANCHICAYA)
HYDRO
AMERICA GENERADOR
HYDRO
224,636
ASNAZU GENERADOR
HYDRO
4,083,899
AYURA GENERADOR
HYDRO
113,578,741
BAYONA GENERADOR
HYDRO
859,732
BELLO GENERADOR
HYDRO
2,013,319
BELMONTE 1 GENERA
HYDRO
13,449,360
BETANIA GENERADOR
HYDRO
2,348,918,283
CALDERAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
98,147,192
CALIMA GENERADOR
HYDRO
266,862,878
CAMPESTRE GENERADOR
HYDRO
5,769,149
CAMPESTRE GENERADOR EPM
HYDRO
1,667,603
CARACOLI GENERADOR
HYDRO
18,484,709
CASCADA GENERADOR
HYDRO
22,676,529
CENTRAL HIDROELECTRICA MIEL I HYDRO
1,598,614,320
CHIVOR GENERADOR
HYDRO
3,747,342,533
COCONUCO
HYDRO
15,001,111
DOLORES GENERADOR
HYDRO
46,623,395
EL LIMON GENERADOR
HYDRO
226,239
EL PALO GENERADOR
HYDRO
8,156,634
ESMERALDA GENERADOR
HYDRO
219,887,108
FLORIDA 2 GENERADOR
HYDRO
94,880,400
GUACAICA GENERADOR
HYDRO
4,605,242
GUATAPE GENERADOR
HYDRO
4,025,210,383
GUATRON GENERADOR
HYDRO
2,383,942,497
GUAVIO GENERADOR
HYDRO
5,391,656,771
INSULA GENERADOR
HYDRO
63,508,015
INTERMEDIA GENERADOR
HYDRO
6,230,583
JAGUAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
975,846,056
JULIO BRAVO
HYDRO
5,194,507
LA CASCADA
HYDRO
15,427,977
47
POWER PLANT
FUEL
GEN (kWh)
MBTU/MWh
HYDRO
161,880
LATASAJERA GENERADOR
HYDRO
1,847,015,715
LIBARE 1 GENERA
HYDRO
22,707,750
MANANTIALES GENERADOR
MINICENTRAL CEMENTOS DEL
NARE
HYDRO
15,077,880
HYDRO
38,569,555
MONDOMO GENERADOR
HYDRO
1,561,471
MUNICIPAL GENERADOR
HYDRO
8,601,745
NIMA 1 GENERADOR
HYDRO
49,867,287
NIQUIA GENERADOR
HYDRO
105,042,983
NUTIBARA GENERADOR
HYDRO
2,157,753
OVEJAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
4,997,381
PAJARITO GENERADOR
HYDRO
29,836,067
PALMAS 1 GENERADOR
HYDRO
82,270,970
PARAISO GUACA GENERA
HYDRO
4,074,928,974
PATICO - LA CABRERA
HYDRO
7,288,298
PIEDRAS BLANCAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
13,080,840
PIEDRAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
136,836
LA REBUSCA GENERADOR
PLANTA MENOR CALICHAL
HYDRO
561,349
PLANTA MENOR CHARQUITO
HYDRO
94,633,870
PLANTA MENOR EL BOSQUE
HYDRO
12,636,538
PLANTA MENOR EL LIMONAR
HYDRO
102,845,343
PLANTA MENOR IQUIRA 1
HYDRO
18,802,649
PLANTA MENOR IQUIRA 2
PLANTA MENOR CASCADAABEJORRAL
HYDRO
12,222,000
HYDRO
5,101,600
PLANTA MENOR LA HERRADURA
HYDRO
110,523,427
PLANTA MENOR LA JUNCA
HYDRO
133,598,123
PLANTA MENOR LA PITA
HYDRO
10,619,880
PLANTA MENOR LA TINTA
HYDRO
95,169,543
PLANTA MENOR LA VUELTA
HYDRO
66,450,474
PLANTA MENOR MIROLINDO
HYDRO
18,017,938
PLANTA MENOR PASTALES 1
HYDRO
5,197,269
PLANTA MENOR PROVIDENCIA
HYDRO
9,768,734
PLANTA MENOR PTAR
HYDRO
0
PLANTA MENOR RIO RECIO
HYDRO
2,570,226
PLANTA MENOR SAN JOSE
PLANTA MENOR S.JOSE D L
MONTAÑA
HYDRO
2,221,172
HYDRO
2,747,200
PLANTA MENOR SANTA ANA
HYDRO
30,932,404
PLANTA MENOR SERVITA
HYDRO
2,771,486
PLANTA MENOR SUEVA 2
HYDRO
32,087,575
PLANTA MENOR TEQUENDAMA
HYDRO
127,601,054
PLANTA MENOR URRAO
HYDRO
5,920,617
PLAYAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
1,547,911,445
48
TJ/MWh
tCO2/MWh
tCO2
POWER PLANT
FUEL
GEN (kWh)
MBTU/MWh
PORCE 2 GENERADOR
HYDRO
2,190,898,006
PRADO GENERADOR
HYDRO
272,648,285
PRADO 4 GENERADOR
HYDRO
44,048,562
POMASQUI-ECUADOR
HYDRO
37,533,267
PUENTE GUILLERMO GENERADOR
HYDRO
7,202,286
RIO BOBO
HYDRO
23,278,870
RIO CALI 1 GENERADOR
HYDRO
16,044,114
RIO INGENIO
HYDRO
0
RIO PIEDRAS GENERADOR
HYDRO
173,145,718
RIO SAPUYES
HYDRO
10,435,618
RIOABAJO GENERADOR
HYDRO
5,169,254
RIOFRIO I GENERADOR
HYDRO
9,789,751
RIOFRIO II GENERADOR
HYDRO
64,220,027
RIOGRANDE 1
HYDRO
93,618,165
RIOGRANDE1 GENERADOR
HYDRO
3,209,011
RIOMAYO GENERADOR
HYDRO
111,341,600
RIONEGRO GENERADOR
HYDRO
46,036,314
RUMOR GENERADOR
HYDRO
16,535,227
SAJANDI GENERADOR
HYDRO
13,026,897
SALVAJINA GENERADOR
HYDRO
1,570,791,445
SANCANCIO GENERADOR
HYDRO
14,786,141
SANCARLOS GENERADOR
HYDRO
7,377,002,275
SANFRANCISCO GENERA.
HYDRO
326,008,298
SILVIA GENERADOR
HYDRO
2,846,353
SONSON GENERADOR
HYDRO
58,773,016
TAMESIS GENERADOR
HYDRO
7,787,280
TULCAN-ECUADOR
HYDRO
25
UNION GENERADOR
HYDRO
1,994,528
URRA
HYDRO
1,352,499,990
VENTANA GENERADOR 1
HYDRO
16,232,659
VENTANA GENERADOR 2
HYDRO
9,850,841
ZARAGOZA GENERADOR
HYDRO
8,165,118
PLANTA MENOR AGUA FRESCA
N/A
41,753,886
PLANTA MENOR AMALFI
N/A
4,810,104
PLANTA MENOR REMEDIOS
N/A
2,974,722
54,295,490,363
TJ/MWh
tCO2/MWh
tCO2
TOTAL ANUAL
GENERATION
54,295,490.36 MWh
Calculation of lambda (λ
λ)
Step i: The total hourly generation data of the year are presented, from high to low, in comparison to the
total 8760 hours of the year. Here is the graphs obtained for 2008 in which the operating margin emission
factor has been calculated.
49
Step ii: Calculate the total annual generation of low-cost/must-run plants in accordance with the data for
the total generations for the year 2008, the total quantity generated by low-cost/must-run plants is shown
below.
46,129,715,710 KWh
46,129,716 MWh
TOTAL ANUAL GENERATION
LOW COST/MUST RUN
Step iii: Draw a horizontal line that crosses the line represented, so that the area under the curve
represents the total generation of low-cost/must-run plants.
Lambda Calculation for Simple Adjusted OM
10000
9500
9000
8500
8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
MW
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
8501
8001
7501
7001
6501
6001
5501
5001
4501
4001
3501
3001
2501
2001
1501
1001
501
1
0
h
Step iv: Determine value λy, taking into account that λy is calculated as X/8760, where X represents the
hours on the right of the point of intersection.
λ=
8760 − 5978
= 0.31758
8760
50
PLANTS BUILD THAT REPRESENTS 20% OF THE TOTAL GENERATION IN 2008
POWER PLANT
TERMOYOPAL 1
TERMOYOPAL 2
INGENIO RISARALDA
MIEL 1
TERMOSIERRA
PORCE 2
TERMOCENTRO
TERMOCANDELARIA 1
TERMOCANDELARIA 2
URRA
RIOPIEDRAS
TERMOPIEDRAS
COGENERADOR INCAUCA
PAIPA 4
TERMOEMCALI
TERMOVALLE 1
TEBSA
FLORES 3
MERILÉCTRICA
TERMODORADA
FLORES 2
LATASAJERA GENERADOR
Build Margin
FUEL
YEAR
GAS
GAS
FUEL OIL
HYDRO
GAS
HYDRO
GAS
GAS
GAS
HYDRO
HYDRO
GAS
BIOMASS
SUB-BITUM
GAS
GAS
GAS
GAS
GAS
GAS
GAS
HYDRO
2,004
2,004
2,003
2,002
2,001
2,001
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,999
1,999
1,998
1,998
1,998
1,998
1,997
1,996
1,994
GEN (KWh)
tCO2
58,694,203
156,167,330
7,552,296
1,598,614,320
234,543,400
2,190,898,006
31,269,998
6,127,000
3,526,000
1,352,499,990
173,145,718
5,043
25,857,912
763,085,265
7,949,222
56,623,222
3,433,354,928
60,869,460
25,353,180
17,304,898
53,223,823
1,847,015,715
33,624
113,707
3,644
0
85,588
0
12,701
3,352
1,955
0
0
3
0
691,059
2,946
21,344
1,534,142
33,475
14,001
9,626
30,490
0
TOTAL GEN
12,103,680,929
2,558,034
20% System GEN
10,859,098,073
EFgrid,BM,y
0.211 tCO2/MWh
51
Annex 4
MONITORING INFORMATION
52

PDD - Netinform

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