Building Services 2 IOI Mall, Puchong

Building Services 2
IOI Mall, Puchong
Danielle Yoong
Chung Hui Ping
Ng Wei Lin
Tan Jing Yi
Noora Azwer
Rya Ghunowa
HVAC
Type of
refrigerant use
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Chlorodifluoromethane (R22)
It is known as Freon
Hydrochloroflourocarbon (HCFC) gas
low boiling point
Suitable for low temperature applications
non-toxic and non-flammable
From the year 2010, R22 is no longer used in the new airconditioning system
• Replaced by R-410A which is more environmentally friendly
Material for piping that carries the
refrigerant
Silver grey colour
Aluminium refrigerant
pipe
• Resistant to corrosion
• Stable &low price than copper
• Pure aluminum heat exchanges
provide better thermal performance
than traditional copper
• Save weight and space
Unitary Split Air
Conditioner System
• Customer
relation office
• CCTV office
• Maintenance
office
• Management
office.
Self-Contained Air Cooled Package Unit
Ceiling Cassette Package Unit
Ceiling Cassette Package Unit
Why?
• Kitchen produces heat
• Although extraction ducts are
available but heat may still
travel out to the dining area
• Uses both duct and ductless
AC system.
KFC Restaurant
Reason of added the ceiling cassette instead of ducts
from the centralized unit:
• Simplified the whole design –piping is smaller in
diameter.
• There is not enough space to accommodate
centralized air conditioning due to the existing
ducting that took away large ceiling space.
Air Cooled Package Unit
Ampang Superbowl
Why using this unit?
• Weekends or special event, the place will
be crowded with people.
• Big area (3 shop lots)
• Higher ceiling of the place compared to
normal
Centralized Air Conditioning
System
• Centralized air-conditioning system is normally used in large
buildings where the big space is needed to be cooled down.
• This system employs water to cool down the refrigerant
before going back to the chillers and hence is also called
chilled-water centralized system.
Operation of a Centralized AirConditioning System
• A chiller plant normally located at the basement level of the lowest
floor level of building.
• Chiller consists of :
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Valve
Compressor
Evaporator
Condenser
The chiller plant room was located at the
ground floor of the mall near to the
control room at the new wing.
Cooling Tower
• A cooling tower is used to cool down the water from the condenser
by using water as the cooling medium.
There were a total of 5 cooling towers
in the old wing of the building
Chilled Water and Condenser
Pump
• Condenser pumps are used to pump the hot water coming from the
condenser to the cooling tower and vice versa. On the other hand,
the chilled water pump is used to pump chilled water from the
evaporator to the AHU and vice versa.
The AC make-up pump room at the
basement B2 level
AHU
• AHU room is a big air cooling machine which supplies cooled
air to the room via air ducts and supply air grilles and air
diffusers
• A typical air handling units consists of the cooling coil, the
blower, air filter, the supply and return air ducts and dampers
In IOI Mall, there are AHU on each floor. Based on our
observation there were 5 AHU rooms in the 3rd Floor of
the new wing whereby 2 of the AHU rooms are located in
the cinema itself.
Ducting system
Ducting systems are used with air conditioners in
various commercial areas for cooling purpose.
• The material used for ducting in IOI Mall is the galvanized steel
metal. The sizes of the ducts are different branching out from the
main duct are different to maintain the air velocity rate.
• Some of the ducting outlets are sealed with a aluminium foil. This
method is used because maybe there is already sufficient cooled air
being supplied to the place and thus the outlets are sealed to
conserve the velocity of the air in the duct so that the duct is able
to supply air to the shops as well without increasing the velocity of
the air.
Diffusers
Cone diffuser which can found inside of McDonald
Linear type of diffuser is found in new wing
to avoid interference with ceiling pattern
Multi directional diffuser which can be
found in the most places in old wing
• This ventilation diffuser comes from the KFC kitchen. It uses a
motor on the side to aid in a faster extract of the air in the kitchen
to maintain a healthy air environment.
The interior view of the ventilation diffuser with
the motor fan
The exterior view of the
ventilation diffuser
Fire Protection System
•Active Protection System
•Passive Protection System
Passive Protection System
• Escape route
Louvred Windows for Ventilation
Automatic Door Closers
Lighting in escape route
Compartmentation
Fire Resistance Material
• Fire Rated Doors
• One hour rated used at
all escape route
• Two Hour rated used
at Electric rooms and
SPRK/DR/HR rooms
Active Protection Method
Detectors
• Smoke detectors
are used at lift
lobbies
• Heat detectors are
used at the hallway
• Electrical rooms
used both
detectors
• Ducting in AHU
rooms have Smoke
Detectors
Fire Hydrant
2 way BS 750 private hydrant
Sprinkler System
Sprinkler Control Valve and Jockey
pumps
Sprinkler Heads
Upright type
Pendant type
Sprinkler tank next to wet
riser water tank
Wet Riser
Hose Reel Location
Dry Riser
• Landing valve and a canvas
hose for the dry riser
• Better than the hose reel
because of unlimited length
• However, the pressure of the
water is strong
Fire Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide Fire
Suppression System
Manual Activation Method
Gas Releasing Panels
Control Room
Cinema Main Fire Control Panel
Fireman Switch
Electrical Isolation Switch located on
every floor in different zones
N for Neon Signboards
and E for Electrical Power
Supply
ESCALATORS
INTRODUCTION
An escalator is basically a moving staircase; a medium to
transport people between floors of a building. Escalators are
often found in shopping malls, subway stations, high rise
buildings and etc. Other than that, escalators are commonly
installed in pairs, which means a going up escalator and a going
down escalator
IMPORTANCE
• Escalators provide an effective means to make the second floor or basement space as
attractive as street floor space.
• In a commercial building, escalators are often used to raise the number of customers
and thus increasing the sales.
• On the other hand, in an institutional building, service performance is enhanced,
horizontal walking distanced is shortened and a greater concentration of service
rendered can be attained.
• It also helps in controlling the flow of people. Escalators also provide safe, reliable
and eco-friendly mobility in shopping centers.
• The usage of escalators will ensure that all the floors are frequented evenly with
customers or occupants.
CASE STUDY IOI MALL
• In IOI Mall, there are three types of arrangement available, namely
interrupted arrangement (one way traffic), parallel interrupted
arrangement (two way traffic), and crisscross continuous arrangement
(two way traffic).
• The parallel two way traffic arrangement is located in Aeon from
Ground Floor to 1st Floor and continues to 2nd Floor to Ampang
Superbowl.
• This is because Aeon takes up a big portion in the old wing of
IOI Mall and sells a variety of items, from clothes to kitchen
utilities and many more. Thus there will be many customers in
Aeon at all times. By using this arrangement, it is able to direct
the heavy flow of traffic.
Parallel two way traffic at Aeon to Ampang Superbowl
• This type of arrangement links the 2nd floor of the old wing to the rooftop parking.
Small stalls are located in front of the escalators. Thus passengers will be passing
by the shops before going on to the next level.
IOI Mall (One way traffic A and C )
IOI Mall (One way traffic B)
• This type of arrangement is located in the rectangular area in the
middle of the old wing. Shops that are located at the spatial area
between the two direction escalators will be able to attract attention of
many. In the middle of the rectangular area is a spiral staircase for
customers who want to shop at shops below in the middle.
• This type of arrangement is used at the new wing of the mall.
Since this part of the mall only has one escalator, this
arrangement will enable customers to travel to the upper floors
without any waiting time. Although they are able to travel faster,
however they will still have to pass by shops.
IOI Mall
(Crisscross two way traffic)
• A moving walkway or moving sidewalk is a slow moving conveyor
mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined
plane over a short to medium distance.
• Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on them.
• Moving walks are similar to escalators and thus have similar
arrangements like the escalators.
• moving walks can only be installed where there is sufficient space
as it requires a longer length compared to escalators.
Moving Walk (Schindler)
CASE STUDY AT IOI MALL
• These moving walks are found at basement B1 and B2 in the
new wing of the mall. The arrangement of these moving walks
is the one way traffic arrangement.
• The new wing of the mall has a two level basement for ample
parking space whereas the old wing has additional parking
space on the rooftop.
• Hence, instead of providing lifts for customers who use carts
or other luggage, IOI installed 2 levels of moving walks
instead.
• Based on our observation, we found out that customers prefer
to park at the basement instead of the rooftop which is also
covered with sheds.
• One of the reasons is because they prefer to use the moving
walk which requires no waiting time compared to lifts at the
old wing.
GENERAL TYPES OF LIFTS
However, IOI Mall consists of only Electric Lifts
• Powers the system with electricity - uses cables, a pulley
system, and counterweights that are powered by an
electric AC motor at the main drive wheel.
• 2 types of electric lifts used in IOI Mall.
A. Elevator with a motor room
•
i. Goods lift at new and old wing
ii. Passenger Lift at old wing
iii. Fireman lift at old wing
B. Machine Room-Less (MRL) Elevator
i. Passenger Lift at new wing
ii. Fireman lift at new wing
Location
1. Goods LIFT
What is a Goods lift?
A goods lift is one that is used for the
transportation of
goods for the purpose of commercial gain,
known as
freight, to higher and lower levels of the mall.
• Usage by passengers is prohibited and is only to be used by staff.
• Goods Lifts are typically larger than passenger elevators and are more capable
of carrying heavier load.
• IOI Mall uses two types of cargo lifts.
Goods LIFT
1
Located only at the new wing of IOI Mall - which travels right from the
basement all the way up to the upper floors.
3 speed centre opening telescopic door - a heavy-duty freight elevator that
consists of 6 panels of doors that open horizontally from the centre.
Door opening time of 2.4 seconds.
• This lift transport those goods that need to be transferred
preferably at a faster pace, as these door types have a
comparatively faster operation than cargo lifts with doors that
open vertically (Cargo lift 2),
• Takes half the time taken to transfer goods compared to the
time taken by Cargo lift type 2.
• As for safety measures, there is a
• fire switch available in the basement
• level
Goods lift 2
located only at the old wing of IOI Mall - travels from the ground
floor all the way up to the upper floors.
This cargo lift is a heavy-duty freight elevator that consists of 4 doors
that open vertically from the bottom.
Door opening time of 5.0 seconds.
What is the significance of this lift?
• This lift opens vertically due to the insufficient space for the placement of the 4
doors to open in a horizontal manner.
• It accommodates a greater width compared to the cargo lift type 1 - and is
therefore used for transporting goods and containers that are consistent with the
width of the lift, fully utilizing the width of the lift.
• Larger than cargo lift 1, so accommodates the transportation of more goods at a
time to JUSCO – a commercial centre/supermarket located in the wing.
• Its provides for the more easy lifting and loading of goods in the lift car, by
retaining the lift doors to be open for a total of 5 minutes, after the command
button to open the doors have been pushed.
The inside of the lift cars are equipped with cone type diffusers so as
to provide ventilation to the people while transporting the goods.
2. FIREMAN LIFT
What is a fireman lift?
This lift is a typical lift, designed similar to a passenger lift that is used by
firefighters to rescue people who may be trapped in the floors of the mall
during an event of a fire.
It has the capability to carry the weight of 15 persons,
1000 kg.
This lift is indicated with a sign that reads
‘Lif Bomba’
consists of a switch that is located at the ground floor of the mall, that the
fireman can simply break the glass and turn the switch on to operate the
particular fireman lift, while other passenger lifts discontinue to work in this
situation.
3. Passenger lift
What is a passenger lift?
This lift is designed to move people between floors of the building and
consists of 2 panels of doors that open horizontally from the centre.
IOI Mall uses two types of passenger lifts
depending on:
• the amount of load to be carried
• the frequency of use.
Commercial Passenger Lift
(Normal)
Located at JUSCO (in the old wing) and is able to carry more weight
than that of the glass lift, with the capability to withhold 24 persons,
1630 kg at (LG)at one go.
This makes it convenient for the passengers to transport their
purchased goods from the supermarket to their vehicles smoothly.
Machine Room-less Elevator
• It does not have a motor
room on the highest floor
• It uses the Permanent
Magnet Motor that is able
to be attached to the
hoist way
• On the highest level of
the lift, there will be a
control panel beside the
landing door
• Saves space
Glass Passenger Lift
Known as an observation elevator,
made of glass and is located at the
centre of the new wing, and is able to
carry 15 persons; 1000 kg at one go.
Provides for a see-through
atmosphere.
Capable of carrying much less load
than the commercial lift at JUSCO, as
this lift is mainly used for sight-seeing
and observation, merely transferring
people from one floor to another
within the mall.
Control panel
Motor on the top
Counterweight
Buffer
SAFETY FEATURES
• Equipped with a safety optical sensor located above the door of
the lift, which detects the presence of people, avoiding the doors
shutting on them –thus excluding the possibilities of injury.
• Equipped with a weight limit sensor located at the middle of the
platform, which generates an alarm when the maximum weight
limit has been exceeded.
• The pulley system consists of 6 cables, although 1 cable is
sufficient enough to support the car.
• The lifts in IOI Mall use a battery (EBOPS) as a backup system, in
case of a power failure.
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance is done once a month in IOI Mall.
It has a maintenance room which is a work space that
stores tools and supplies needed to repair and maintain
the buffer and lifts in the mall.
Distribution of electricity
Electrical Room
Place in every floor
Connected to the rubbish corridor
Consists of distribution panel, MCCB, busbar and etc
Mini Feeder Pillar
Located at outdoor at the upper parking level
Supply electricity services for low voltage electrical
distribution
Building Control Room
Automation room
For maintenance purpose
Ensure the electrical system
smooth
Saving 10-40% of the total
energy used
Consumer LV switch room
Over and under voltage
protection
Circuit breaker is installed
Genset Room
Emergency power supply
Diesel is used
TNB room and HT room
• Deliver electricity to the ht room
• Major component is step down transformer
Problems and
Recommendation
HVAC
1. Ceiling damage and
stains
Causes: Leaking pipe or duct
How?
Since the duct is concealed in a suspended ceiling, the space will have
heat. Condensation happens when the cooled down duct makes contact
with the warmer and more humid air above the ceiling.
Affect the aesthetic value of the ceiling
Reduce the strength of the asbestos ceiling sheets.
2. Ductwork Not Insulated Properly
Problem:
Loud noises
Insulating material covering the ductwork has
worn off and does not provide the same amount of
insulation properties as before.
Recommendation:
Maintenance work to improve the insulation
layer of the ductwork
3. Exposed Ductwork
Recommendations:
• Paint the whole ceiling including the ductwork and pipes in black colour.
*Fire sprinkler pipes may be labelled with a red strip for requirement purposes.
4. Dirty filters and coils
Problems:
• Diffuser panels clogged with
dust
• the colours of the panel has
turned yellow.
Dirty diffusers
• Cause the building inflow insufficient
• reduce system effectiveness
• lead to mould or allergen problems of
the ducts
• increase the energy cost
Recommendation:
• Replace the filter panel
• Janitor may clean the panel
frequently.
5. Inefficient flow of air
Problems:
• Too many numbers of inlet vents
and outlet vents for air conditioning
purposed in the old wings building.
• AC inlet and outlet are located very
near to one another in a 3 meter
high ceiling.
These may cause the inflow air and
outflow air bypass the occupied zone
hence cause inefficient of the
ventilation and provide sufficient
volume of air.
6. Damaged of insulation tube
Problems:
Rotted adhesive strip of AC
Cause:
• Leakage of the cooling refrigerant and
cooling air send from the compressor to
the condenser of the AC unit
• The missing part of the adhesive sealer
on the refrigerant pipe will cause
condensation and drips from lines in
humid areas
• The accumulation of water on the roof
level will cause mold and insect in long
term.
• If the discharge lines are not insulated,
the compressor may experience
excessive hot up to 66 degree Celsius
and may lead to safety issue.
Fire
• Obstructions at Fire Protection Places
• Dry Riser Missing Canvas Hose
Obstacle for
Compartmentation
Conclusion
• Faulty practiced which is not allow by the standard code
• Improvement is made on new wing
• Majority of the building services are complete