2010.9 September BOD - Friends of the Big Bear Alpine Zoo

FUNDAISING OVERVIEW
August 24, 2010
The following written presentation frames the environment from which the Friends of the Moonridge
Zoo operate. From a big picture view among collaborating organizations, the Friends of the Moonridge
Zoo fundraising efforts are presented. The major handicap facing the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo with
capital grant applications is that we can only act as a money pass through organization and not the
agent accountable and responsible for construction. In addition there is the issue of not having
possession of the land through ownership or long term lease. Therefore the probability of the Friends
directly obtaining and managing capital grants from foundations and corporations is between slim and
none. This problem is addressed in the context of working in a collaborative environment with other
organizations.
This presentation provides referential material to allow a better understanding of fundraising in context
rather than a nebulous void.
Orientation
1. The purpose of fundraising is to help create and evolve the Moonridge Animal Park into
exceptional Alpine Wildlife Animal Park in Big Bear Valley.
2. We, The Friends of the Moonridge Zoo, do not operate in a vacuum; rather we are intertwined
with other organizations.
3. Working in co-ordination and collaboration with other organizations will maximize the ability of
the Moonridge Animal Park to be among the nationally/internationally recognized venues.
4. As the image and infrastructure of the Moonridge Animal Park is heightened, so too are the
funding opportunities.
5. Raising funds for specific attributes in the new park with defined costs plus demonstrating real
building progress enhances fundraising prospects.
6. Two major aspirations driving the future master plan are for the park to become AZA certified
and build a green park.
7. The Friends do not have a formal agreement with the County regarding what they can and
cannot do. This is a critical point to consider. What is the roll of the Friends once the new park is
built? And more urgently, what are we allowed to do now? If the County has no need for any
services from the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo, then the organization ceases to exist.
Therefore, what does the County expect? The answer at this time is that the Friends role
remains to be determined. In the near future Reese Troublefield will be setting up a meeting
with various county officials and the Friends to talk out what our relationship with the
Moonridge Animal Park is to be—county officials being their attorney, risk management, special
districts, and so forth. Our destination hinges on that upcoming meeting.
Collaboration
1. This fundraising orientation is not just inclusive of the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo, rather it is
all about the inclusion of business relationships between (1) the Big Bear Valley Recreation and
Park District, (2) The Moonridge Animal Park, (3) the Nay Foundation, (4) The City of Big Bear
Lake, and (5) The Friends of the Moonridge Zoo. The approach to fundraising is to frame how
these organizations can work in collaboration for the greater good of relocating and building the
new Moonridge Animal Park.
1
2. A primary driving force regarding the future Park facilities and operations is earning the
Association of Zoos Aquariums (AZA) accreditation. Obtaining AZA accreditation is no simple
matter. AZA accreditation requires implementing and maintaining a rather stringent set of
standards and policies. Once the Park becomes accredited, it will join among the ranks of the
top percentile of zoological and aquarium facilities in the country. 21st century AZA accredited
institutions “are expected to be leaders in the field and to embrace the highest quality facilities,
programs, and staff available. Animals must be well cared for and displayed in naturalistic
settings that provide an educational experience for visitors and an appropriate enriching
environment for the animals, including proper social groupings.”1
3. Several years ago the Friends designed a capital campaign brochure using the slogan “A Zoo
with a Heart.” (See Appendix for brochure).
Considering the organizational relationships between the County’s Big Bear Valley Recreation and
Park District, Moonridge Animal Park, the NAY Foundation, and the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo
the following pictorial representation can be expressed.
Residing in the City of Big Bear Lake
1
Extracted from the AZA Accreditation Standards Preamble
2
The Big Bear Valley Recreation and Park District manages and operates the Moonridge Animal
Park wherein the Moonridge Animal Park has two primary arms of activity focusing on animals
and people. The Moonridge Animal Park has the NAY Foundation and the Friends of the
Moonridge Zoo as two supporting legs that provide additional funding and services. The
background frame can be the City of Big Bear Lake where the park is proposed to be built. The
Moonridge Animal Park is the heart of the matter as to why these organizations come together.
4. Reese Troublefield has already taken the early steps in pulling together this collaboration. Two
introductory, non-committed, meetings have been held.
FOMZ Finance Background
1. Having an understanding of how the Friends are allocating and managing funds is critical in
relation to their ability to raise funds. Abuse by some nonprofits has lead to a high level of
mistrust of nonprofits by the very donors they rely on. This is why donors are demanding that
they be able to better direct where their charitable dollars go. To maintain trust among donors
the Friends are best to continue providing transparent accounting.
2. So, what is the Friends’ Financial Model? As expressed in the Progress Evaluation Report2 the
Friends re-organized under two separate prongs of activities, those supporting the current
Moonridge Animal Park and activities supporting efforts to Relocate and Build a new Park.
Accordingly, the accounting structure was organized to distinguish between the two major
prongs of activities. The accounting categories are General Operations, Programs and Events,
Moonridge Animal Park Operations, and Relocation.
Along the lines for creating a viable, sustainable, future of Friends’ operations and supporting
the Park, four Temporarily Restricted Investment Fund categories were gradually created during
the past several years. First on the long range perspective was the designation of Lifetime
Friends’ membership fees directed towards a future college wildlife rehabilitation intern
program. Donations to the Friends in support of education are placed into another Temporarily
Restricted Fund in support of education and special event programs. A restricted fund has been
designated for Friends’ general operations. General operations also include all financial activities
supporting the current park. The fourth restricted category of investment funds is specifically
aimed at Park Relocation.
The goal of these Temporally Restricted Fund investments, excluding Park relocation, is to
acquire enough principle that the Friends can provide services with earned interest and not
touch the principle and not have the need to constantly chase funding. It has been intended that
in the future these different Temporarily Restricted Funds can be turned into Endowments.
Given that these investment funds are held as Temporarily Restricted Funds does not mean that
they can only be used accordingly. They can be redirected. However, once funds have been
formally placed into an Endowment, then that is where they must remain.
2
The Quarterly Progress Evaluation Report was distributed to Board members in October 2002. The report
reviewed progress on the six directives delineated in 19 strategic goals that were documented in “Charting the
Future,” which is the planning document prepared by Lugh Erie Associates after they conducted formal strategic
planning SWOT sessions among the Friends’ Board members.
3
When a donation is given to the Friends without a designated use, the rule of thumb is for those
funds to be assigned to the Friends General Operations; otherwise, the donation is always
applied to their designated purpose.
The following table displays how funds are categorically distributed and are professionally
invested and managed through RBC. This accounting excludes our checking account cash on
hand. During the first quarter of this fiscal year, which began in September 2009, our
investment earned $10,052.78 in interest.
RBC INCOME FIRST QUARTER
BY CLASS FOR FISCAL YEAR AS OF JANUARY 31, 2010
69.13%
Relocation
Opening Balance
Dividends/Interest
Total
8.90%
College Intern
Education
5.65%
Education
and Programs
16.32%
General
Operation
100%
TOTAL
RBC REPORTS
$408,181.52
$ 50,098.12
$ 31,768.96
$ 91,863.33
$ 581,911.93
7,014.61
874.69
557.83
1,605.65
10,052.78
$415,196.13
$50,972.81
$32,326.79
$93,468.98
$591,964.71
The Friends have just over $415K to invest in building the new park. How is this to be spent?
First, we have a long term commitment with the County to pay all of new park’s design costs to
PGAV. The PGAV agreement we have been working with is on a cost plus basis, not a fixed
contract, thereby allowing opened-ended flexibility in managing services as real needs surface.
Next, the Friends a little over $32K set aside for education and programs. The current amount of
interest we are now making on that investment is more than the cost of running and producing
all of our current activities and programs.
The Investment fund has just over $93K assigned to general operations, which includes
supporting current park activities that are above and beyond their budget.
Also we have around $50,000 set aside in our RBC investment account for a future college
student intern program.
What has just been described is our current four prong approach towards investment in the
future.
Now what kinds of fundraising activities are we going to promote and for what purpose are
those funds to be designated.
Current Status of new park development
1. Big Bear Valley Recreation and Park District owns land that is proposed to be the future site of
the Moonridge Animal Park. The park has the potential of becoming a strong Southern anchor
for the Moonridge Business Corridor within the City of Big Bear Lake.
2. An environmental study is soon to get underway and completed within 8-12 months, one it is
started.
3. Generating a new Park master plan will soon begin; integrating the original Master Plan into
the new land site. The same design firm, PGAV, will be retained.
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4. The original PGAV Master Plan was framed as a five year development plan with three building
phases (see appendix for the phased budget), which is the basis of the current working
assumption for moving forward with capital campaign activities:
a. $7 Million is on hand to begin and complete phase I, which can open a nominal park.
b. While Phase I is in process, funds for Phase II will be raised
c. And similarly funds for Phase III will be raised during Phase II construction
5. Proposition 48 funding request for $3 million has been submitted by Recreation and Park
District, with good odds to win…bringing the balance to $10 million.
6. Bald eagles, mountain lions, raccoons and bunny exhibits have individual donor pledges that
provide funding to build these exhibits.
7. Big Bear Historical Society has redundant artifacts that can be displayed in the new park, given
credit and promotion to their Society.
8. The Curator of Anthropology in the San Bernardino County Museum has more Native American
Artifacts than they can display. The new park can have some artifacts placed on loan.
9. The San Bernardino Museum has a lot of chards (artifacts that are from California but not
known specifically where in California). The park can have access to the chards for (1) creating
an archeological excavation exhibit and/or (2) creating a place where children can engage in an
archeological digging and discover artifacts. Two professors at Victor Valley College teach
anthropology and archeological excavation. They would like to work on this project, if chosen
to be done.
10. I have been opened discussion with Senator Boxer’s office to make inroads with the US
Department of Interior. They can pull together other US Departments, such as the US
Department of Energy into joint funding projects. The goal is to ask for complete funding to
build the new green, energy efficient, LEED certified wildlife Animal Park. The Special Assistant
to the Secretary of the US Department of Energy has offered this approach for federal stimulus
funding.
Branding is important for Continuity
1. Consistency in use of language and presentation is very important for creating and maintaining
the message of who we are; the Moonridge Animal Park distinguished from The Friends of the
Moonridge Zoo as a support organization of the park.
2. The attributes that define the Moonridge Animal Park becomes the central branding sound-bites
for example:
a. Wildlife Animal Rehabilitation Sanctuary
b. Park visitors provide free choice learning opportunities
c. 7,000 foot Alpine forest elevation
d. County facility that is the only Zoological Park in San Bernardino County
e. Friends of the Moonridge Zoo
f. Nay Blanche Foundation
g. City of Big Bear Lake with year round recreation opportunities
h. One of the oldest wildlife sanctuaries in California
3. Many of the marketing sound-bites that are currently being used for the Moonridge Animal Park
a. Wildlife Animal Sanctuary
b. Dedicated to Alpine wildlife
c. Big Bear’s Zoo
d. Moonridge Zoo
e. Low cost family adventure
f. Home for Life
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4. Core sound bites for the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo are to be found in the mission statement.
5. It is important to provide a consistent sound-bite message within 60 seconds time frame
(elevator speech) to present the Park’s purpose and need(s). Consistency is branding.
6. Keep a current visitor brochure to inform public to visit and enjoy the Park.
7. Fundraising brochure or brochures to support current park operations, new park construction,
and future generations.
8. All promotional materials can be assembled into a media kit, if needed. The more typical
materials will be variously assembled to meet specific targeted appeals.
Proposed Marketing/Fundraising Activities
1. Review and Update
a. Re-vision of what the Park will become
b. What Identifies the Moonridge Animal Park
c. Elevator speech
d. Update the Relocation Capital Campaign brochure
e. Update the Investing for the Next Generation brochure
f. Later the use of a new master plan for the Park more fully integrated.
2. Friends of the Moonridge Zoo Board of Directors
a. There is no requirement upon any board members to solicit funds or any requirement to
raise any individual assigned or dedicated amount of dollars.
3. Ground Breaking Celebration (May be June 2011)
a. Proposing a well publicized and invitational afternoon fundraising party with a music
venue starting with Native American music and move on through the styles and the ages
of music to current times. The music will help promote the epic historical context that
will be built into the new park. Between songs and musician rotations, people who have
supported the park are recognized and honored. All attendees are given pledge cards
during the event and a motivational master of ceremonies speaker can talk about
financially supporting the park and help grow the planned park
b. The Ground Breaking Celebration will parallel the launching of the Capital Campaign as
described next.
4. Supporting the Capital Campaign
a. Historically in fundraising campaigns, the very large majority of funds tend to come from
individuals, not corporations and foundations.
b. It is planned to prepare a 16 page newspaper supplement on the park’s vision and
master plan (full size format on white paper) in collaboration with the Grizzly
Newspaper.
c. The Campaign geared to raise funds among individuals and possibly pull in some
business contributions will be launched as an insert by the Grizzly Newspaper and their
sister papers.
d. Planning on 100,000 extra printed copies of the supplement to be distributed among
Park visitors and at presentations and other functions during first year of building the
new park.
e. Adapt moonridgezoo.org web-site to model the supplement for online fundraising.
f. The Grizzly Newspaper will sponsor a fundraising campaign for one or more specific
items in the park such as the grizzly animal exhibit or a building (to be determined).
g. Mail the supplement to the folks in the Friends database. Then, later a follow-up letter
requesting financial help support building one or more targeted aspects of the new park
and in addition a second request asking for referrals of friends, relatives and business
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associates whose thinking manifests similar wildlife environmental feelings that identify
with the vision of the Moonridge Animal Park the referrals is known as snowball
campaigning.
h. Focus on the above mentioned capital campaign effort is on Southern California’s 25+
million residents with some spillover to the remainder of California, Arizona, Nevada
and a little bit national3. Currently considering using the California Newspaper
Association to place display ad advertisements, of which all California newspapers are a
member, as a targeting means to reach potential new donors; coordinated with a
parallel distribution of a Public Service Announcements to the targeted newspapers.
i. The California Newspaper Association can also place advertising in targeted newspapers
outside of California.
j. Furthermore, invoke a “snow-ball” Internet campaign from the Friends web-site and
Facebook. This is a rather personalized approach to fundraising and not a broadcasted
shot-gun approach use of mass media. Develop an appeal for our known contact person
to refer another person (relative, friend, business associate) that we can approach for
support on their behalf. If possible, referral follow-ups are done in person, one-on-one.
The core of this campaign is heart appeal, not logic. Once a person is identified as having
empathy for wildlife/environmental care in the context of the Moonridge Animal Park
sanctuary, then you have a prospect who can share their emotional connection with one
or more other contacts. The underlying glue is people do not live in isolation, rather in
compatible groups (friendships) demonstrating coherence in belief systems—heart to
heart relationships.
5. Industry Specific Campaigning
a. Industry specific campaigning will target major foundations and corporations that have
indicated an affinity for wildlife and the environment, and they fund capital projects.
They will be approached (by telephone and then by letter of inquiry followed with the
grant application if requested) to fund a specific development in the Park. For example
the Native American tribes4 supporting the Serrano Era park construction and energy
companies support the building of an energy efficient Park. As soon as a reasonably
solid “draft” master plan has been completed, the energy industry will be approached
first to help with building the renewable energy/resource infrastructure. The first set of
targeted companies is the local gas, water and electric companies, then branching out
to Edison and (maybe) PG&E (both California headquartered). It is quite possible to
approach BP to help clean their tarnished image. In the past initial local utility talks
have been very supportive in their willingness to open resource, referral, and reference
doors. Again this approach is based on knowing individuals and working with their
affinity to wanting a successfully design and energy efficiently run park. Chevron has
expressed interest in designing the park’s renewable energy system – at a price.
b. State and Federal Government opportunities will be solicited in conjunction with City of
Big Bear Lake and San Bernardino County for funding (i.e. the previous mentioned
3
Among the 5,893 addresses in the Friends Database, 85 percent are in California, while 98 percent of the
California addresses are in Southern California (defined as covering Ventura County to San Diego County). The
database reflects the type of people who identify with the Moonridge Animal Park. Southern California defines the
primary market. No single State beyond California has more than one percent of the addresses.
4
The appendix contains background information regarding the Friends building relations with the Native
Americans.
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approach to the US Department of Energy). The City can approach Homeland Security
about flood control issues that can help Ratbun Creek water flow and enhance the road
system in new park’s area.
c. The Friends will not be submitting these grants in their name alone, but may work as
part of a group effort to submit grant requests on behalf of the coalition as a whole or
support writing a grant for single organization. When submitting a grant from a
collaboration of organizations, that becomes a plus in increasing the likelihood of
receiving a grant.
6. Endowment Campaign
a. An Endowment Chair is a tremendous catch. An endowment may cover the salary,
research, travel stipends, or other associated costs, plus they continue in perpetuity.
b. Having an endowment providing a perpetual funding purpose for the park demonstrates
the worthiness of further supporting the Moonridge Animal Park and further
substantiating the integrity of park operations.
c. Two endowment chairs are envisioned as cornerstones of Moonridge Animal Park
activities: (1) rehabilitation and (2) education. More specifically an Endowed Chair of
Veterinarian Medicine and Endowed Chair of Education under the direction and
management of the Moonridge Animal Park.
d. Considering the mission statements of the Nay Foundation and the Friends of the
Moonridge Zoo, there appears to be a natural way to go about gaining two endowed
chairs.
i. The Nay Foundation mission is to “enhance animal care.”
ii. The Friends mission is more generic; yet, over the years has made
substantial focus around education.
e. The Nay Foundation, today, can create and fund an endowed chair of veterinarian
medicine. The Nay Foundation currently has the funding on hand to handle this
venture, being paid out of annual invested interest earned (and still have extra interest
income left over for additional animal care). This endowed chair would easily become
the cornerstone for further fundraising and building the new wildlife hospital, procuring
medical equipment, supplies, and medicine. Also an increase in donations directly to
the Nay Foundation would be more likely, given the recognition the foundation will
receive from setting up the Endowed Chair of Veterinary Medicine.
f. The Nay Foundation could become an avenue to increase capital funding to build and
supply the new park’s hospital as their part in working with the collaborative effort.
g. Once the Nay Chair of Veterinary Medicine is in place, the Friends can then leverage
that Chair as a means to go about establishing an Endowed Chair of Education through
the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo or with the creation of a new foundation.
7. Floating a San Bernardino County Proposition?
a. While the park is under construction, have meetings with each County Supervisor to see
if they will unite and choose to place a proposition on the ballot for a nominal annual
county-wide property tax to support the Moonridge Animal Park for at least 20 years.
This would be a coordinated effort with support from the San Bernardino County Special
Districts. The new revenue source might be designated to elevate the stature of the park
through staffing and accreditation.
b. Based on 2009 census estimates there are 341,014 homes and 187,550 apartments for a
total of 528,564 housing units in San Bernardino County. A minimal $5 per annum unit
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tax would raise $2,642,820 per year. For less than one dollar per month, a $10 tax would
raise $5,285,640 per year.
c. Passage of a proposition would probably make the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo an
obsolete organization and be completely subsumed into the infrastructure of the
Moonridge Animal Park.
8. “Supporting Home for Life” Campaign Badges as collector items and bumper stickers
a. A very simple low cost way for an individual to financially help support building the new
park.
b. One inch badges with various animal pictures (from past photography contests) of a
Moonridge Animal Park animals with the slogan “Supporting Home for Life.” For a two
dollar donation you receive a badge.
c. The Supporting Home for Life badges and bumper stickers would be promoted on
Facebook and the Friends’ web-site. Also the badges will be sold in the gift shop and
possibly the grazing corral. In addition, badges will be sold at festivals.
9. Radio/TV Avenues
a. Local Channel 6, KBHR, and Grizzly Newspaper are natural local promoters. Pilot
launching of a video campaign will be with Big Bear Productions and used locally, on the
internet, and possibly distributed beyond our mountain borders…it depends.
b. Huell Howser has given us permission to extract from his Big Bear segment (he did a
couple of years ago) the bit piece he did on the Moonridge Animal Park. In addition
once on our website we have been asked to notify him for their review and approval. Of
course the desire is to then schedule a good time for him to revisit, and do his show on
just the Park. It would be great to get him to attend the Ground Breaking Celebration.
c. Marie Hulett does a weekly radio show (KGIL/KKGO), TV show (PBS KDOC, The Pet
Show), and she is an Orange County Register Column Writer. For her video production
work (Marije Productions), she has received 2 Emmy wins, 3 Emmy Nominations, plus
multiple Aurora, Telly, Communicator, Ava, and Videographer awards.
d. Marie has video recorded and produced, at three different events, three ½ hour Native
American Art Festival videos. On Saturday, Marie was at this year’s Native American Arts
Festival and will be producing another half video plus several 3 and 5 minute segments
to put on YouTube. All of her work, including this year’s production, have been
completed at no cost to the The Friends of the Moonridge Zoo other than the Gift Shop
paying a nominal charge for duplicating CD/DVDs (currently none are in stock, sold out).
e. Verbal agreement is in place to work with Marie in video production and utilizing here
industry insight for making appropriate targeted distribution and airing. Again, primary
focus is the Southern California market with secondary effort to cover California,
Nevada, Arizona and possibly national. She has offered her services at no cost, unless
there is a budget in place.
10. “Big” Names
a. Just in: Betty White will write two books for G. P.
Putnam's Sons. (August 2010)
The first, titled Listen Up!, will offer life lessons Betty has
learned during her long career in Hollywood. In her
usual wise-cracking style, Betty will give her personal
observations on a wide range of topics, including
television, aging, life, love, sex, and celebrity, including
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her recent stint on Saturday Night Live. It will be published in Spring 2011.
The second book, titled The Zoo and I: Betty and Her Friends, will be filled with stories
and photographs capturing the daily life of her animal friends at the zoo. White is a
long-time member of the board of the Los Angeles Zoo, and she has been a passionate
supporter of animal health and welfare her entire life. The book is slated for a 2012
release.
b. Can we expand on our Hollywood reach beyond Garrett Maggart? This is a challenge. Of
interest Betty’s second book is about Betty and her Friends. At first I thought of Betty
and her human friends, not animal friends; because it is through Betty’s human friends
and admirers that more awareness and support can come about. Garrett and his
friends? Or moving on to Who and their friends?
c. What about Avatar and James Cameron and Friends. That is a real fit with the
Moonridge Animal Park’s mission statement “…harmony in nature...”
d. Reese Troublefield has mentioned some high profile contacts that he can rein in
e. It’s all a matter of timing.
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APPENDICES
1. Capital Campaign Brochure
2. Master Plan Capital Cost Estimates
3. Master Plan Park Design
4. Native American Relations
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Fundraising Brochure
The brochure is in serious need of updating; yet needs to be paraphrased in the context of the new site.
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Enter side of fundraising brochure.
13
Capital Cost Estimates from Original Master Plan
14
Original Master Plan Park Design on the North Shore next to the Discovery Center
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Native American Relations
In 2003 Don Richardson called Bill Treadwell. There was a Native American at the Moonridge Animal
Park who was expressing interest in having more Native American awareness about the park and
what they do in regards to rehabilitating and releasing wildlife. Don asked, “Will you come and talk
with him.” Bill Treadwell met with Kirk Ghala at the park that day, and that discussion was the
beginning of connecting the Friends with the Native American community.
Kirk gathered some friends; we had our first meeting in Hemet. That was the beginning of a group
of Native Americans forming within the Friends of the Moonridge Zoo as the Native American
Cultural Council (NACC). None of the Native Americans were members of the Friends of the
Moonridge Zoo. Bill Treadwell was designated by the Friends board to be the liaison person
between NACC and the Friends. The committee had the following members with Kirk in charge:
• Kirk Ghala
• Hank Lopez
• Billy Daydodge
• Yatzee Dee
• Gilbert Reyes
• Bill Treadwell
During the first year, it was decided to get the Moonridge Animal Park associated
with local Powwow venues. Yatzee Dee donated two original animal drawings to
be screen printed on t-shirts and sold as a donation at powwows. Those original drawings are
hanging in the Friends office. Lately Yatzee has been selling prints for $250 each.
Launching the second year, it was decided to make a new t-shirt. The
committee designed the Bear Claw with the Eagle inside. At the bottom
of the design NACC is inscribed.
In 2004 the Moonridge Animal Park Banner was made and has ever since
been used at all off-site presentations. Below is a draft version of the
banner.
The Moonridge Animal Park,
Big Bear CA
Also in 2004, the NACC suggested that doing a Native American Arts
Festival would be a good way to further connect with the Native
American Community. They also provided the groundwork to make the festival build on Native
American Tradition based on the attitude of giving, not taking.
Kirk was instrumental in setting up a meeting James Ramos of the San Manuel Band of Mission
Indians. In that first meeting we had with James, he agreed to come to the Moonridge Animal Park
and do a naming ceremony for the little female black bear that recently arrived at the park. James
said they could not guarantee having a name unless it came from the elders. The Friends conducted
a naming contest and that is where Hollybeary’s name came, but the Serrano did come up with a
name, Pakuma.
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