EST - 2016 Meeting of the Italian SOlar and HEliospheric community

Present'status'and'future'
development'of'the'European'
Solar'Telescope'
FRANCESCA(ZUCCARELLO(
with(the(EST,(SOLARNET(&(GREST(TEAMS(
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Today: several national European solar facilities on Tenerife and La Palma
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
March 2016: the EST Project is officially included in the
European Strategic Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI)
ESFRI adopted a parallel evaluation process:
•  the thematic Strategy Work Groups evaluated the science objectives
and the e-infrastructure aspects, also using international peerreviewers
•  the Implementation Group evaluated the “maturity” of the proposal as
of governance, management, financial plan and international
consortium building, also interviewing international experts.
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
EST
A large aperture 4-meter
telescope
to be built in the Canary Islands
EST is promoted by EAST
European Association for Solar
Telescopes:
a consortium formed by institutions
from 15 European countries with the
aim, among others, of undertaking
the development of the European
Solar Telescope, to keep Europe on
the front line of Solar Physics.
Countries represented
in EAST
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Countries represented
in EAST
Countries directly
involved in the EST
Design Phase
Budget: 6.7 M€
FP-7 EC funding: 3.2 M€
1 Feb 2008 - 30 June 2011
Project Coordinator: M.
Collados (IAC)
29 partners plus 9
collaborating institutions
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
EST'goal'is'to'provide'an'
answer'to'the'following'ques:ons''
•  How does the magnetic field evolve and emerge to the
surface ?
•  How is energy transported from the photosphere to the
chromosphere ?
• 
How is the energy released deposited in the upper
atmosphere ?
•  Why does the Sun have a hot chromosphere and a hot
corona ?
•  What causes the explosive events (flares, filament eruptions,
CMEs) ?
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Telescope and instrumentation
key requirements
•  EST must specialise in simultaneous spectropolarimetry
of the photosphere and the chromosphere
•  Must have superb optical quality, with very high throughput
•  Must have integrated high-order AO and MCAO
•  Must have spectrograph capabilities from blue to near-IR
(with several simultaneous spectral regions)
•  Must have narrow-band tunable filtergraphs from blue to
near-IR, simultaneously accessible
•  Must have complementary imaging channels to observe
photospheric and chromospheric layers (G-Band, Hα,…)
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Design baseline
•  4-meter diameter
•  On-axis Gregorian configuration
•  Alt-Az mount
•  Simultaneous instrument stations (each with several
wavelength channels)
- Broad-band imager - Narrow-band tunable imager
- Grating spectrograph
•  MCAO integrated in the optical path
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
•  Diameter of the primary mirror: 4070 mm
•  Diameter of the secondary mirror: 800 mm
•  Spatial resolution on the solar disk: 30 km (goal 20 km)
Beam from telescope
NB1 (390-550 nm)
Upper floor
30-70
NB3
(700-900 nm)
RED D3 10-90
1090
BLUE
GREEN-RED
D2
BB1 CaII core
VIS
D1
NIR
25/75
75-25
NB2 (550-700 nm)
NBNIR 1
(700-900 nm)
D4
NBNIR2
900-1100 nm)
Lower floor
SPvis
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
SPNIR
The Italian contribution
!  30 Italian researchers
"  6 INAF Institutes: Observatory of Arcetri, Catania, Rome,
Trieste; IFSI; TNG.
"  5 Universities: Calabria, Catania, Florence, L’Aquila, Rome –
Tor Vergata.
"  1 medium-sized Company: S.R.S. Engineering Design
!  Involvement:
"  Definition of the Science Requirements
"  Optomechanic components: heat rejecter, MCAO system
"  Post-focus instruments: Broad-Band Imager, Tunable
spectropolarimeter
"  Data Handling and Control; Telescope and Instruments Control
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Integrated
Infrastructure Initiative
(I3)
INFRA8201281.1.26(
Research(Infrastructures(for(
High8ResoluIon(Solar(Physics(
Grant(Agreement(no.(312495(
Purpose:
I3 combine in this call
Coordinator institution :
IAC
1)  Networking activities,
2)  TransNational and Services
activities
3)  Joint Research activities.
SOLARNET':'AIMS''
•  Integra:ng' the' major' European' infrastructures' in' the' field' of' highE
resolu:on'solar'physics'
•  Realise'TransEna:onal'Access'to'external'European'users'
•  Enhance' and' spread' data' acquisi:on' and' processing' exper:se' to' the'
EuropeEwide'community'
•  Increase( the( impact( of( high8resoluIon( data( by( offering( science8ready(
data(and(facilitaIng(their(retrieval(and(usage(
•  Encourage( combinaIon( of( space( and( ground8based( data( by( providing(
unified(access(to(perInent(data(repositories((
Data reduction and Archives
!  Pipelines
• GREGOR: GFPI, GRIS,BLISS
• SST: CRISP, TRIPPEL, CHROMIS
• THEMIS: MTR, TUNIS
• VTT: TESOS, LARS
• DST: IBIS, ROSA
!  Data Compression
!  Image Restoration
!  Solar Virtual Observatory (SVO)
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
SOLARNET':'AIMS''
•  Foster' synergies' between' different'
research' communi:es' by' organising'
mee:ngs'where'each'presents'stateEofE
theEart'methodologies'
•  Train' a' new' genera:on' of' solar'
researchers' through' seKng' up' schools'
and'a'mobility'programme''
Mobility of Young Researchers
www.solarnet-east.eu
SOLARNET brings together and integrate the major European research infrastructures in the field of
high-resolution solar physics, in order to promote their coordinated use and development. Networking
activities, access to first-class infrastructures and joint research and development activities will be carried
out under this major collaboration, where all pertinent European research institutions are involved, as
well as private companies and other non-EU organizartions. SOLARNET achievements will be of
paramount relevance to contribute towards the realisation of the European Solar Telescope (EST).
SOLARNET is pleased to announce its Mobility of Young Researchers Programme.
This Programme aims to contribute to the professional development of researchers at
their first steps of their careers, by offering short stays (up to 3 months) preferably at
one of the SOLARNET member institutions, public or private entities. Other host
institutions from anywhere will be also considered, as far as they are aligned with the
scientific interests and objectives of this European initiative. It is expected also that this
Programme will promote the integration of this new generation of researchers into the
European solar physics community with long-lasting effects.
Applications from young researchers are welcome, and can be submitted at any time
until March 15th 2016. Intermediate deadlines are issued to allow the evaluation of
applications received until a specific date:
September 15th 2013
SECOND DEADLINE
for stays to be carried out within the period
January 1st – June 30st 2014
Following deadlines will be March 15th and September 15th, for stays within the period
July-Dec and Jan-Jun respectively. Last deadline will be March 15th 2016.
There are up to 4 grants available for this second period of visits. EC funds will cover
travel and accommodation costs for stays from a minimum of 1 month to a maximum of
3 months. Travel costs will be supported up to 600 !/fellow, and accommodation and
subsistence costs up to 200 !/week.
Interested applicants are invited to complete the on-line form available at:
www.solarnet-east.eu (application forms >> Mobility of Young Researchers).
A motivation letter and a brief summary of the proposed work at the host institution,
together with a brief CV, need to be attached to the on-line form. Applicants are
encouraged to contact the host institution in advance.
More information:
www.solarnet-east.eu
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
[email protected]
SOLARNET':'AIMS''
•  Develop' prototypes' for' newEgenera:on' postEfocus'
instruments'
''
•  Study' local' and' nonElocal' atmospheric' turbulence,' their'
impact'on'image'quality,'and'ways'to'negate'their'effects'
'
•  Improve'designs'of'future'large'European'groundEand'spaceE
based'solar'telescopes''
'
'
SOLARNET:(Advanced InstrumentaIon
Development(
Four instruments to be developed:'
'
1.  Large diameter Etalon Development'
(100'–'300'mm)'
Several layouts'are'explored'
'
2.  Image'slicer'for'2D'spectroscopy'
Design'developed'for'EST'has'been'adapted'
for'GRIS@GREGOR'
'
3.  MicrolensEfed'spectrograph'
must'be'adapted'and'op:mized'for'
polarimetric'measurements'
4.  Fast'Imaging'Polarimeter''
based'on'fast,'lowEnoise'pnCCD'sensor'
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Wavefront control
•  Adaptive Optics (AO)
•  Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO)
Simulations and Tests
•  Implementation of an AO prototype for THEMIS
•  Development of an innovative heat rejecter
prototype for GREGOR
•  Atmospheric Seeing Characterization
• Application of CFD techniques for local seeing
optimization
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
'
SynopIc(ObservaIons(((
Solar(Physics(Research(Network(Group(
((SPRING)(
4 working groups:
#  Synoptic magnetic fields
#  Solar seismology
#  Transient events
#  Solar awareness
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Getting Ready for EST
H2020 Capacities: Research Infrastructures (call 09/2014)
Goals
Improve the performance of current state-of-the-art instrumentation
operating at high-spatial resolution to the level expected for EST.
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Detectors
Fabry-Perot interferometers
2D specropolarimetry
Large LCVRs
MCAO DMs
Strategic work towards a legal organization to manage the construction
and operation of EST
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
13 participants from 6 countries
7 WPs
Human efforts 501 pm
Total budget 3.957 keuro
EC contribution 2.977 kEuro
+ 152.5 kEuro third party non receiving EU funding
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
EST'MCAO'studies:':lted'DMs'
•  EST' requires' an' unprecedented'
polarimetric'sensi:vity'and'accuracy'
•  For' this' reason' the' op:cal' design'
(including'MCAO)'is'polariza:onEfree'
•  DMs' are' :lted' 45°' in' perpendicular'
p l a n e s' t o' c o m p e n s a t e' f o r' t h e'
instrumental'polariza:on'
•  T h i s' i s' a' v e r y' n o n E s t a n d a r d'
configura:on'for'the'DMs'that'needs'to'
be'studied'
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Tilted'DMs:'drawbacks'
•  NonEstandard'configura:on'for'the'DMs:'
–  Ellip:c'pupils'
–  Conjuga:on'height'dependent'on'the'posi:on'on'the'DM'
–  Sensi:vity'to'misalignments'due'to'the'rota:on'between'the'
pupil'and'the'MCAO'DMs'
–  Different'spacing'of'the'projected'pitch'on'the'entrance'
pupil'
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
EST'MCAO'studies:'large'FoV'WFS'
•  EST'MCAO'required'correc:on'is'
1'arcmin'
•  This'is'an'extremely'large'FoV'
that'needs'specific'large'field'
WFS'concepts'
•  We'are'currently'studying'highE
performance'algorithms'and'
onboard'preprocessing'for'large'
field'WFS'
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
WP3(“CAPACITANCE8STABILISED(FABRY8PEROT(DEVELOPMENT”(
F.(Berrilli,(D.(Del(Moro,(L.(Giovannelli,(ADS(Team'
Scheme of the opto-mechanical structure of the
ET50 and ET150 (IC Optical Systems Ltd).
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
New Prototype ET150. Status at end of March 2016
Present'and'future'EU'Projects'
SOLARNET and GREST are two European projects, presently in
operation and coordinated by the IAC, which assure a continuity in
the Conceptual Design Study of the EST, whose aim is to maintain an
integrated community of solar physicists in Europe in an active state
with respect to the EST, via web-based activities, schools, mobility of
young researchers, and a programme of access to telescopes and
databases, as well as joint activities in R+D to develop the newest
technologies needed for this infrastructure.
Soon, a new proposal will be presented to the EU, concerning the
phase EST-PREP, aimed at defining the:
-  Managing Organization
-  Legal issues
-  Financial aspects
-  Technical aspects
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Previous'experience,'limita:ons'and'advantages'
Ground-based telescopes:
  Wavelength range limited by Earth atmosphere absorption
  Radio observations (useful for instance to investigate flares/CMEs
properties) not at the same resolution as optical observations (very
soon: ALMA)
  Acquisition time interval severely limited by changes in seeing
conditions
  Day/night constraints
  Higher angular resolution
  Possibility to repair, upgrade instruments
  Change of the target in real time
  Unique observations in the Hα line (patrol observations, but low
spatial resolution)
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Previous'experience,'limita:ons''
and'advantages'
Satellite Instruments:
'
  Telemetry and data transfer limitation
  Effects of energetic particles emitted during solar explosive
events
  Instruments: it is not possible to upgrade or repair
  Lost of satellite control (see, e.g. SOHO)
  Limited time interval of satellite observations (10 - 15 y ?)
  Public release data
  Pipelines (for instance, Solar Software) almost immediately
available
  Well organized data archives and repository
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016
Synergies,'advantages'of'GB'and'Sat'
observa:ons''
$ EST and ATST-DKIST have the advantage of much higher data
return, but are limited to their vantage points on the Sun-Earth line.
$ Depending on the orbital configuration, significant synergy can be
achieved by combining Solar Orbiter’s remote-sensing data with either
high-resolution and/or high-cadence co-spatial data from other
observatories that provide additional spatial coverage
$  Authors who use high resolution GB data very often “like” to put
them in a wider context and therefore use also Sat data
$  The opposite occurs less often (probably because accessible
archives are still quite limited or because the pipelines are not always
available, but remember the SOLARNET goals and the work going
on !!)
Conclusions
•  The EST project is promoted by EAST (European Association
for Solar Telescopes) and is presently in the ESFRI ROADMAP
•  The Design Phase has been financed by EC (29 partners: 14
scientific institutions and 15 industries)
•  New budget has been allocated to the EST-EAST community by
EU: SOLARNET and GREST
•  Synergies with ATST-DKIST, Solar Orbiter and other GB and Sat
facilities are necessary in order to achieve a better knowledge of
the Sun.
EST website: http://www.iac.es/proyecto/EST
SOLARNET website:
SOHE 2016
Roma 30-31 May & 1 June 2016