Civil UAV Applications in Japan and Related

Civil UAV Applications in Japan
and Related Safety & Certification
AKIRA SATO
Aeronautic Operations
YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD., Shizuoka, Japan
E-Mail: [email protected]
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1. REPORT DATE
2. REPORT TYPE
02 SEP 2003
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3. DATES COVERED
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4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Civil UAV Applications in Japan and Related Safety & Certification
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5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
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Aeronautic Operations YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD., Shizuoka, Japan
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See also ADM001676, UAV 2002 Conference & Exhibition., The original document contains color images.
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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History of Industrial-use unmanned helicopter in Japan
3. UAV-related Safety and Certification in Japan
4. Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
5. Japanese Working Group dealing with certification
6. Conclusion
Introduction
1500 Unmanned Helicopters are used for civil applications in Japan.
1.
1. Reasons
Reasons why
why an
an unmanned
unmanned Helicopter
Helicopter was
was developed
developed
and
and how
how itit became
became popular
popular in
in Japan.
Japan.
2.
2. What
What kind
kind of
of certifications
certifications are
are applied
applied in
in
agricultural
agricultural use
use of
of unmanned
unmanned helicopters
helicopters ??
3.
3. Recently
Recently developed
developed autonomous
autonomous unmanned
unmanned helicopter
helicopter
extends
extends civil
civil applications
applications
4.
4. Background
Background and
and Objectives
Objectives of
of
the
the Japanese
Japanese Working
Working Group
Group dealing
dealing with
with certification.
certification.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History of Industrial-use unmanned helicopter in Japan
3. UAV-related Safety and Certification in Japan
4. Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
5. Japanese Working Group dealing with certification
6. Conclusion
Background and Development
of the Unmanned Helicopter agricultural use
Chemical Spraying for rice field.
In 1958, ‘Manned Helicopter’ use started.
(In 1992, 27 % of rice fields sprayed by ‘Manned Helicopter’.)
Complaint of Residents.
Necessary for Farmers.
In 1982, YAMAHA started to develop Unmanned Helicopter.
In 1990, YAMAHA put it on the market.
Other companies joined this market.
In 2000, 24 % of rice fields sprayed by ‘Manned Helicopter’
10 % by Unmanned Helicopter.
Industrial Use of Unmanned Helicopter for agricultural use
YAMAHA
R50
RMAX
R50
RMAX
Main Rotor Diameter(mm) 3,070
3,115
Tail Rotor Diameter(mm)
520
545
Overall Length(mm)
3,580
3,630
Overall Height(mm)
1,080
1,080
Overall Width(mm)
700
720
Empty Weight(kg)
47
64
Payload(kg)
20
30
Engine
Displacement(cc)
98
246
Category
Water Cooled
2 Stroke
Maximum Output(KW)
8.8
15.4
Industrial Use of Unmanned Helicopter for agricultural use
YANMAR
Fuji Heavy Industry
YH300
Main Rotor Diameter(mm)
Overall Height(mm)
Empty Weight(kg)
Payload(kg)
Engine
Maximum Output(KW)
KAWADA
RPH2
RoboCopter
YH300 RPH2 Robo Copter
3,38
4,800
8,180
1,150
1,750
2,650
58
230
500
30
100
294
14.7
61.4
124
Registered Number of Unmanned Helicopter
for agricultural use
YAMAHA maintains 80 % share .
JAPAN
YAMAHA
1995
JAPAN
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History of Industrial-use unmanned helicopter in Japan
3. UAV-related Safety and Certification in Japan
4. Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
5. Japanese Working Group dealing with certification
6. Conclusion
Industrial Use of Unmanned Helicopter for agricultural use
Safety　Operations for Chemical Spraying
1. No crew on the Helicopter
2. Low speed (20 km/h) and Low altitude( 3-5m)
3. Safety Standard by Japanese Government
Structure, Flight Performance, Inspection, Maintenance
Operator License ,Operator Registration System
YAMAHA Safety First Policy
1. Various Tests for reliability and durability
2. Maintenance Training for Serviceman
3. Periodical Maintenance
Outline of Operational Safety in Agricultural Applications
Japanese
Japanese Government
Government
Scientists,
Scientists, Experts
Experts
Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries
Japan Agricultural Aviation Association
Performance Verification Procedure
Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Design
Not out of Control
Drop on the spot
Council
Council
Education of
Instructors and
Servicemen
Quality
Control manufacturing
variances.
Dealer
Dealer
Operator Skill Verification Procedure
Flight School
Maintenance
Maintenance
Preflight inspection
Yearly disassemble inspection
User
User
Flight
Operation
15m away from Helicopter
3m altitude
20 km/h speed
Within 200m distance
Pilot
Skill certification
Safe flight skill
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History of Industrial-use unmanned helicopter in Japan
3. UAV-related Safety and Certification in Japan
4. Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
5. Japanese Working Group dealing with certification
6. Conclusion
Background and Development of Autonomous Helicopter
Japan is famous for volcanoes and earthquakes.
In 1990 - Unzen volcano erupted.
In 1995 - the Great Hanshin Earthquake
In 1997, YAMAHA started to develop
Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter for disaster use.
In 1999, YAMAHA established a prototype model.
In 2000, Observation role at Mt.Usu
In 2001, Observation role on Miyake-jima Island
Observation Flight at Mt.Usu
Destroyed Houses
Crater
A　Autonomous Flight Control System for YAMAHA RMAX
Fuji Heavy Industry RPH2 Commercial Unmanned
Helicopter
• In Service for Agricultural Spraying
• Payload up to 100kg
• Operational range < 250m
• Operational altitude < 50m
Spraying
ＲＰＨ ２－Agricultural
２－
• Gross Weight 330kg
• Rotor Diameter 4.8m
• In Service for Volcano Observing
by Japan Meteorological Agency
ＲＰＨ ２Ａ－Observation
２Ａ－
•
•
•
•
Autonomous Flight
Operational range > 3km
Ceiling > 2000m
Endurance > 1hr
Applications of Autonomous YAMAHA Unmanned Helicopter
Observation of Volcanoes
April 2000 at Erupting Volcanoes Mt.Usu
(The Ministry of Construction)
February 2000 at Miyake-jima Island
(The Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
Applications of Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
Observation of Plant Growth
In August 1999 , the investigative observation of vegetation
was performed in Mongolia.
(The Environment Remote-Sensing Research Center of Chiba University)
Applications of Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
Radiation Monitoring for Nuclear Emergency
Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute and YAMAHA
have succeeded to monitor radiation.
Color indicator showing
radiation levels
Variation of radiation (red)
and altitude (green)
Radiation Detector
Radiation Sources
(Agricultural chemicals containing potassium(K-40) )
Applications of Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
Inspection of damage for high-ways
The Japan Highway Public Corporation and YAMAHA
have succeeded to inspect the damage
of bridges and banks of highways.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History of Industrial-use unmanned helicopter in Japan
3. UAV-related Safety and Certification in Japan
4. Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter
5. Japanese Working Group dealing with certification
6. Conclusion
Japanese Working Group dealing with the certification
Since April 2002, Japanese Working Group has been founded
to deal with UAV-related certification and ATM issues.
Background
-Up to date approximately 1,500 commercial unmanned helicopters have been used with
in-sight control for agriculture application in Japan. ( Operational Altitude < 50 meters )
-Recent development of fully autonomous VTOL-UAVs capable of out-of-sight control
extends its application into civil managed airspace. ( Operational Altitude > 150 meters )
-The absence of relevant regulations applicable to UAVs flown within the civil managed
airspace is starting to be addressed by Japanese government authorities and Japanese
UAV-related manufacturers.
- It activates the Japanese industry to generate a voluntary group to study such issues on
a national level, not only by liaising closely with the government authorities, but also in
concert with the international program aiming at internationally acceptable rules.
Japanese Working Group dealing with the certification
Since April 2002, Japanese Working Group has been founded
to deal with UAV-related certification and ATM issues.
Objectives
- To develop recommendations for principal rules & regulations applicable to civil
UAVs flown over
Japan.
- To coordinate the international efforts relative to UAV certification & ATM issues.
- To submit consensual proposals representing the Japanese industry.
- To supply inputs to keep all the interested Japanese government authorities informed.
Members
-Kawada Industries Inc., Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd., Yamaha Motor Co.Ltd.,
Yanmar Helicopter Services (in alphabetical order)
(observed by)
- Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, (Japan Civil Aviation Bureau),
Japan Agricultural Aviation Association.
Proposed Categories by the Japanese Working Group
C o n fig u ra tio n
F lig h t C o n ditio n s
H ig h L e v el
F a u lt
T o le ra n t
A ir c ra ft
S ta n d a r d
L e v el F a u lt
T o le ra n t
C r a fts
F lyin g th e
sa m e a rea a s
m a n n ed
a ircrafts
F lyin g o ver
in h a b ited a rea
R o to r W in g s
In a d d itio n to th e criter ia in d ica ted
b elow , collisio n a vo ida n ce m ea su re s
m u st b e ta ken to p reven t th e
u n m a n n ed h elico p ters fro m co llid ing
w ith m a n n ed a ir crafts.
A fa ilsafe sy ste m , w h ich ca n g u ide
th e u n m a n n ed h elico p ter to a sa fe
a rea in th e even t of a n y ty p e of
failure, m u st b e p r o vid ed .
O th e r
A ltho u g h no sp ec ific s
ha ve bee n set
cu rrent ly, the ru les
(o f H ig h L e ve l F au lt
T o lera nt A ircra ft)
w ill b e stud ied
co ntinu o u s ly a fter
stand ard L e ve l Fau lt
T o lera nt C rafts.
F lig h t o u t of
sig h t of
u n in h a b ited
a rea s
A u to n o m o u s co n trol d evice req uir em en ts to b e a d d e d
in a d ditio n to th e flig h t crite ria for th e area w ith in
sig h t in d ica ted b e low .
F lig h t w ith in
sig h t of
u n in h a b ited
a rea s
F lig h t cr iteria fo r the a ltitu d es b etw ee n 1 00 to 15 0
m ete rs to b e a d d e d to th e criter ia in d ica ted b elow .
(T h is ca tego ry is a p p lied to h elico p ters th a t are flow n
w ithin sig h t even if they are eq u ip p ed w ith a n
a u to no m o u s c o n tro l d e vice .)
A g ricu ltu ra l
ch em ica l
sp ray ing
a p p lica tio n
G e n e ra l
UAV
F ix e d
W in g s
U n m a n n ed h elico p ter fo r sp ray ing a gric u ltu ra l
ch em ica ls (b a se m a ch in e)
H o b b y ra d io co n tro lled
h elic o p ters
R u le s e xist in ea ch co u n try a ro u n d th e w o rld fo r
ra d io -co n tro lled devices
M icro U A V
T h e ru les are very len ie n t, in vo lving w eig h t
restric tio n s of seve ra l hu n d red s of gra m s a n d ro tor
p ro tec tio n cr iteria .
Next Step
First Step
Conclusion
For Agricultural Use
1. Unmanned Helicopters are inevitable for Japanese Agriculture.
2. For safety,the Japanese government made certifications
and a license.
For Other Applications
1. Autonomous unmanned helicopters have been developed and
they are playing observation roles at erupting volcanoes.
2. Autonomous unmanned helicopters expands their applications.
Japanese Working Group
1.Japanese UAV manufactures found working group
to deal with UAV-related certification and ATM issues.
2. Liaising closely with the Japanese government
and harmonizing with the international program.