prof_madeline_banjir..

Ministry of Health and Academy of Medicine Malaysia
14th August, 2015
Flood Disaster and
Gender Dynamics
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Madeline Berma
Tun Fatimah Hashim Women’s Leadership Centr
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Presentation
Introduction
 Why consider gender?
Disaster Facts
View from the field
Why consider gender in disaster
management?
1. A more effective response to the needs of
individuals, families and communities, by
recognizing that men and women have different
recovery needs and assets;
2. A more timely and targeted provision of
assistance to those in greatest need;
3. A more comprehensive, and thus stronger,
recovery, by maximizing the contributions that
both men and women can make; and
4. An opportunity to promote gender relationships
after disasters that improve the resilience of
individuals, families, communities, and societies.
Issue 1:Mainstreaming gender in disaster
recovery institutions and organizations
Increasing the representation of women in disaster
decision-making
Putting gender-sensitive disaster recovery policies
and programs in place
Conducting gender training to raise awareness of
policy-maker and planners across sectors
Using gender analysis tools to review and develop
policies and programs across sectors
Sustaining an enabling and positive environment
for gender mainstreaming
4
Issue 2: Indentifying gender
specific recovery needs
The need for gender-specific
data
Women’s engagement in
defining needs
Developing gender-sensitive
information sharing mechanisms
5
Issue 3: Engaging women in recovery
initiatives
Rejecting stereotypes: women are not “helpless
victims”
The increased workloads of women following a
disaster
Develop women’s capacity to be recovery leaders
Engaging with and supporting women’s collectives
Rebuilding community spaces
Creating gender-specific communication forums
Developing the capacity of local women leaders
6
Issue 4: Facilitating a gender-balanced
economic recovery
Lack of attention to the gendered
division of labour
Gender bias in paid reconstruction
work
Strengthen existing and new incomeearning activities for women
Provide gender equitable financial
services
7
Empirical Evidence
Women as compared to men die in
disproportionately and unacceptably
greater numbers in disasters than men
women accounted for:
61 percent of the deaths in Cyclone Nargis in
Myanmar;
55 to 70 percent of Banda Aceh tsunami deaths
91 percent in the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh of
the total deaths (ADB, 2008).
Studies showed that:
women are the worst sufferer’s
especially OKU, pregnant and
lactating mothers, and womenheaded households.
 children (OKU)
 elderly (OKU)
 indigenous (minorities)
Extra Workload for Women and Girls
(new and additional-income generating activities)
Extra Risk
(women and girls
engaged in work
which placed then
at higher risk)
Vulnerability
Deterioration of
living
Envionment
• Deterioration
in physical and
mental health
• Reduced
capacity
Extra Worry
(about family, food, living in higher risk environment)
Vulnerability
Nature of Vulnerabilities
Human
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Physical injury
Shortage of Food
Diseases
Mensutruation
Malnutrition
Psychological stress
Human relations
Socio-Economic
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unemployment
Loss of income
Crime
“Orang luar”
“New” values
Lack of basic amenities
Limited access to productive resources
Structural
•
•
•
•
Destruction of houses
Damaged sanitation facilities
Damaged roads, communication
Unavailability of clean water
Environment
• Deterioration
http://www.rakyatnews.my/images/rakyatnew
s/Banjir-Kelantan-5.jpg
Manek Urai Lama on New Year's Day,
http://news.asiaone.com/sites/default/files/styles
/full_left_image630x411/public/original_images/Jan2015/201501
05_flood_ST.jpg?itok=wrtQeFKj
http://merdeka-online.com/home/wpcontent/uploads/2014/12/B5JOrxKCMAEBXgP.jpg
http://img.astroawani.com/201412/51418947309_950x600.jpg
http://www.thestar.com.my/~/media/Images/TSOL/PhotosGallery/Nation/2015/01/05/main_sz_05012015_p3A_sz_1.ashx/?w=620&h=413&crop=1&
http://media.themalaysianinsider.com/assets/uploads/
articles/MANIK_URAI_291214_TMIHASNOOR_30.jpg
https://media.zenfs.com/en_MY/News/themalaysianins
ider.com/Kelantan_Floods_MANIK_URAI_291214_TMIH
http://wargamarhaen.blogspot.com/2015/01/
pasca-banjir-kelantan-menangis-manek.html
Blind man Mat Nusi Mahmud, 43, talks about his experience as he
stands in front of his mother’s house damaged by flood in Kampung
Laloh near Kuala Krai January 1, 2015. NSTP/Bazuki Muhammad
http://fotowarung.net/wpcontent/uploads/2015/01/003.jpg
Villager Zailani Sapea, 52, sits outside her shophouse damaged by
flood in Kampung Laloh near Kuala Krai January 1, 2015.
(NSTP/Bazuki Muhammad
http://media.themalaysianinsider.com/as
sets/uploads/articles/MANIK_URAI_2912
14_TMIHASNOOR_10.jpg
Hawa Hassan, 79, clutches food donation she just collected from volunteers as she
walks on the bank of Sungai Kelantan which was overflowed a few days ago and caused
flood, in Kampung Tendong Sungai near Pasir Mas 30 December 2014. NSTP/Bazuki
Muhammad
http://media.themalaysianinsider.com/assets/uploa
ds/articles/MANIK_URAI_291214_TMIHASNOOR_2
9.jpg
Lessons Learnt
 Gender, age, ethnic dynamics
 Disaster relief
 Needs and wants
 Disaster “tourism”
 Early-warning system
 Preparation (individual, family, community)