NDMA Newsletter May

RESILIENCE
“Promoting a culture of prevention, mitigation and preparedness”
NDMA Newsletter
Vol: 1, Issue # 3, May - Dec 2010
Inside This Issue
Cover Story
Editor’s Note
Cover Story
Worst-ever catastrophe tests resilience of the Nation
The monsoon season, 2010, brought along with it the destruction and devastation of
unprecedented scale hitherto unknown in the recorded history of Pakistan. The
nightmare started when the easterly monsoon system collided with the developing
western system over North-Western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on July 2010. The resultant
high intensity downpour in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa generated floods of unprecedented
News & Events
Disaster Risk Reduction
In Focus
World at a Glance
Books and Publications
Chief Editor
Hassan Zulfiqar
Editorial Team
Aamir Ikram Khan
Reema Zuberi
Design/Layout
Wajid Ali
Events Photography
Muhammad Saqib Iqbal
Address
Media Wing:
National Disaster
Management Authority
Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Islamabad
Tel: 051-9209380
Fax: 051-9209530
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.ndma.gov.pk
Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani presiding over the 3rd meeting of the National Disaster Management Commission
scale in Swat and Kabul rivers. The magnitude of the calamity can be gauged from data
complied by the Federal Flood Commission, which states that the flow of rivers Swat and
Kabul combined touched new historical height of 400,000 cusecs as against the
pervious figures of 250,000 cusecs recorded in 1929. After playing havoc with life and
property in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Flood waters traveled downstream through the
barrages in Punjab and Sindh until they reached the Arabian Sea downstream of Kotri
Barrage but on its way left behind a long trail of death and devastation across length and
breadth of Pakistan.
The worst ever floods affected seventy eight districts and covered over 100,000 square
Km. They have affected more than 20 million people with over 1,980 reported deaths and
nearly 2, 946 injured. The floods also destroyed 1.6 million homes while causing damage
to thousands of acres of crops and agricultural lands. The damages sustained by public
infrastructure were also enormous. A total of 25,088 Km of roads, 10,436 education
centres and 515 health facilities
have been damaged.
According to the Damage and
Need Assessment Report by
World Bank and Asia
Development Bank, the country
sustained an estimated loss of
USD 10 billion on account of
direct and indirect damages to
social and physical
infrastructure, economic
sectors, governance and
environment. In short, the scale
of devastation caused by the
President Asif Ali Zardari presents a cheque to an elderly flood affectee on worst ever catastrophe is more
a visit to a relief camp in Sukkur.
Cover Story
As the Nation is grappling with the aftermath of the worst
ever calamity, the soon to be launched rehabilitation and
reconstruction phase in the flood affected areas provides an
opportunity to rebuild a better and safer Pakistan. It is of
paramount importance that the element of disaster risk
reduction is incorporated into all rehabilitation and
reconstruction programs.
EDITOR’s NOTE
Dear Readers
Pakistan faced yet another natural calamity, but this time
around the scale of destruction caused by the worst ever
catastrophe across length and breadth of the country is of
Biblical proportions. The response to the calamity was
equally befitting. National resources and institutions were
mobilized within no time and a massive relief operation of
unprecedented scale was successfully conducted. The
support from the international community, donor agencies
and humanitarian community was phenomenal and proved to
be the crucial element in the success of the relief operation.
The relief phase is nearing its end and the early recovery
phase has already been initiated as the situation in most of the
flood affected areas has stabilized.
than the Pakistan Earthquake, 2005, Cyclone
Katrina, Indian Ocean Tsunami, Cyclone Nargis
and Haiti Earthquake combined in terms of area
and population.
This edition of Resilience is being issued at a belated stage as
the whole editorial team along with other staff members of
the NDMA remained overwhelmingly engaged in
coordinating relief activities. Next time around, we will try
our best to ensure timely issuance of the Newsletter.
Chief Editor
Summary of Damages
Damages
Sector
Cost (US $)
Housing
1.6 m
1.588 bn
Education
10,436 education centers
311 m
Health
515 health facilities
50 m
Communication
25088 Km
1.328 bn
Water & Sanitation 6841 Schemes
109 m
Energy
92 plants, 32 grids, 3000 km line
309 m
Irrigation
278 m
Agriculture &
2.1 m hectares agri land, 0.3 m
live stock
large & 1.2 m small animals
5.1 bn
Private sector
146 industries, 0.1 m hotels/shops 282 m
Financial Sector
90 banks, 10 ATMs
674 m
Governance &
Environment
1457 structures
82 m
Overall Damages — USD 10.056 bn
The National response to the calamity was swift
and befitting. The National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) led the relief operations at the
federal level in close coordination with all relevant
stakeholders. The round the clock Operations
Room of the NDMA was made operational on
immediate basis to receive field information and
situation reports and monitor and coordinate relief
operations. A Strategic Leaders Group,
comprising of seniors officials representing the
concerned government departments, UN
agencies, donors, Pakistan Humanitarian Forum
(PHF), National Humanitarian Network (NHN),
Pakistan Red Crescent Society (PRCS) and
Armed Forces, was established. The Forum held
weekly meetings to discuss the varying issues related to
relief operations and provided strategic guidance to all
stakeholders in dealing with the emergent situation. A
Flood Relief Coordination Forum having representation
of all stakeholders involved in field operations, was also
constituted to ensure effective coordination in relief
operations. The meetings of Flood Relief Coordination
Forum were held on daily basis at the NDMA to discuss
operational issues, identity gaps in relief operations and
provide solutions for effective and timely provision of
relief assistance in the flood affected areas. The NDMA
also established a Coordination and Facilitation Cell at
the Chaklala Air Base, to coordinate and facilitate the
international relief flights and foreign relief personnel. To
coordinate aviation efforts, an Aviation Coordination
Committee, headed by GOC Army Aviation Command,
was constituted with representation from senior officials
from all stakeholders involved in air relief operations. The
meetings of the Aviation Coordination Committee were
regularly held at PAF Base Chaklala to ensure optimum
utilization of aviation assets in relief operations.
In coordination with all stakeholders, the NDMA also
devised a comprehensive Logistic Flow System (LFS), to
2
Cover Story
mosquito nets and other relief items were provided to the
affectees. On August 19th, 2010, the meeting of the
National Disaster Management Commission was
convened under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister
to review the flood situation. The NDMC took several key
policy decisions which included establishment of
National Oversight Council (NODMC), provision of
immediate financial assistance to affected households,
carrying out of damage and need assessment,
registration of affected populace, formulation of a Health
Response Plan and mobilization of resources through
international community and donor agencies for
reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The immediate, rapid and extensive response to the
ensure timely and efficient receipt and dispatch of relief
goods. The PAF Base Chaklala was declared as Main
Operating Base (MOB), which was linked with Forward
Operating Bases (FOB) at Gilgit, Quetta, Sibbi, Karachi,
Sukkar, Lahore, Multan and Peshawar. As per
instructions from the NDMA, relief assistance in kind
received at MOB was dispatched to FOBs through air
transportation or by road for onward transportation to the
District Nodal Points in coordination with local formations
of armed forces and district administrations. From
District Nodal Points the relief assistance was
transported to the affected villages/ areas employing
helicopters, boats, trucks and mule trains as per demand
of the situation.
Name of
Base
Chaklala
Multan
Peshawar
Quetta
Karachi
Lahore
Total
With above response mechanism in place, a massive
rescue and relief operation was launched under the
auspices of NDMA through active participation by
Pakistan Armed Forces, UN Agencies, humanitarian
community and individual philanthropists. The relief
operation was augmented by unprecedented aviation
support involving aviation assets of Pakistan Armed
Forces, friendly countries and UN. At the peak level, a
total of 88 helicopters were deployed for rescue and relief
operations in the affected areas. Almost 1.4 million
people were rescued while more than 0.4 million tents,
1.8 million blankets, 10 million Food packets, 0.3 million
tons of food items, 0.16 million hygiene kits, 0.29 million
No of Flights
International
Relief
184
23
19
6
32
3
267
calamity by state institutions duely supported by
international fraternity, humanitarian community and
common people , led to stabilization of situation in the
flood affected areas with few exceptions of some areas in
Sindh and Balochistan, where flood water is yet to
recede. The success of the relief operations can be
gauged from the fact that there was no second wave of
deaths, no report of epidemic outbreaks, shortage of
food or medicines while ninety five percent of the
displaced people have returned to their homes. As a
result of the early recovery efforts by the government and
humanitarian
community in reviving
PROVINCE/REGION WISE DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR RELIEF ITEMS
the livelihoods of the
affected population,
Items
Punjab Sindh
KPK
Balochistan AJK GB
Total
almost
90 percent of
Tents
162,707
115,801
137,015 30,864
2,686 4,466 453,539
t
h
e
s
ubmerged
Tarpaulin
232,860
347,142
334,208 13,050
2,836 1,197 931,293
cultivable
land has
Blankets
366,734
655,429
779,385 55,695
21,237 19,830 1,898,310
now
been
cultivated.
Food Items (tons)
95,224
98,029
109,323 15,304
6,920 5,808 330,607
This will also
MREs
3,329,748 6,576,983 822,991 13,000
6,924 6,924 10,756,569
substantially
reduce
Hygiene Kits
27,641
44,083
75,427
12,262
691
364
160,470
the
risks
associated
Water Purification Units 519
1,791
2,067
19
4,396
with food security. As
Water Purification Kits
3,427
4,174
3,240
10,841
a
part of governmnet's
Mosquito Nets
39,532
118,588
59,918
72,224
290,262
overall plan to
3
Cover Story
Ghizer Aug 23: Prime Minister, Syed Yousuf Raza Gillani talks with
children during his visits at flood affected area in Ghizer.
compensate and provide financial assistance to the affected
households the Watan Card Scheme has been initiated. Under the
scheme, as of 31st December, 2010, more than PKR 26 billion has
disbursed amongst more than 1.3 million households.
As normalcy has started to return in flood affected areas, the relief
phase will end by 31st January, 2011 with the exception of few areas
where residual relief activities will continue for some time. The NDMA
in collaboration with all stakeholders has already initiated the Early
Recovery Phase under the “Pakistan Floods Relief and Early
Recovery Response Plan” launched on 5th November, 2010 in
collaboration with the United Nations. The Plan seeks USD 1.9 billion
to enable the humanitarian community to support Government of
Pakistan in addressing the residual relief needs and early recovery
needs of the flood affected families for next twelve months. As on
31st December, 50.9% of funds out of the required amount of USD
1.9 billion have been received. Under the Plan, NDMA has already
approved 367 projects to be executed by various implementing
partners.
The Early Recovery Phase will be followed by the more intricate
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (R&R) Phase which is likely to
take three to five years. These projects will require extensive
mobilization of national and international resources. It is sanguinely
anticipated that the pledges for financial assistance by international
community will materialize in time to provide the much needed
support to the Government in reconstruction and rehabilitation of
flood affected areas.
Relief Flights by Friendly Countries
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Belgium
Canada
China
Denmark
Egypt
France
Germany
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea
Kuwait
Libya
Malaysia
Morocco
Norway
Qatar
Russia
Serbia
Saudi Arabia
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Thailand
Turkey
Turkmenistan
UAE
UK
USA
Uzbekistan
Yemen
4
N.A.T.O.
News & Events
News & Events
Chinese Prime Minister visited NDMA headquarters
Islamabad 18 Dec: Chairman NDMA Lt Gen Nadeem Ahmed (Retd.) briefing the Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.
On 18th December 2010 H.E. Wen Jiabao, Premier of
the State Council of the People's Republic of China
visited the National Disaster Management Authority
along with his delegation. The dignitary was received by
H.E. Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani, Prime Minister of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Chairman NDMA
Lt Gen Nadeem Ahmed (Retired), on his arrival at the
NDMA. The two Prime Ministers were briefed by the
Chairman on the flood situation. The Chairman NDMA
highlighted the importance of close cooperation between
the two friendly countries in dealing with shared risks
posed by natural disasters. Speaking on the occasion,
Mr Gao Hucheng, Chinese Minister for Commerce,
highlighted the contributions made by the Chineses
Government in flood relief efforts and assured his
government's commitment in providing assistance in
reconstruction and rehabilitation of flood affected areas.
The Pakistani side expressed high appreciation and
gratitude for timely and valuable assistance provided by
Government of China in flood relief and rescue efforts. It
also appreciated the provision of special Chinese relief
assistance for the affected people of Gilgit Baltistan.
National Disaster Management Bill 2010 passed
On 8th December 2010, President of Pakistan assented
to the National Disaster Management Bill 2010, which
was unanimously adopted by the National Assembly and
the Senate earlier in November 2010. After the
President’s assent, the Bill has been notified and
enforced as an Act of the Parliament. The Act will serve
as the primary law of the land for disaster management
and will provide the legal framework for the
establishment of a comprehensive disaster
management system supported by dedicated institutions
at the Federal, Provincial and District levels.
REGISTERED No.
M - 302
L.-7646
EXTRAORDINARY
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
ISLAMABAD, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2010
PART I
Acts, Ordinances, President’s Orders and Regulations
SENATE SECRETARIAT
Islamabad, the 11th December, 2010
No. F. 9 (28) /2010- Legis. —The following Act of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) received the assent of the President on 8th December, 2010 and is
hereby published for general information:—
ACT NO. XXIV OF 2010
An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Disaster Management
System for Pakistan
WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for an effective national disaster
management system and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto;
AND WHEREAS the Provincial Assemblies of Balochistan, the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, and the Punjab have passed resolutions under Article 144 of the
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the effect that Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) may, by law, regulate the national disaster management system to
overcome unforeseen situations:
The Act defines the roles, functions and powers of the
disaster management institutions at the federal,
provincial and district levels encompassing the whole
spectrum of disaster management.
It is hereby enacted as follows:—
(731)
Price : Rs. 20.50
[3062(2010)/Ex.Gaz.]
5
News & Events
US hands over twenty bridges to NDMA
On 1st December 2010, Mr. Cameron Munter, the US
Ambassador to Pakistan, handed over the remaining 8
Bridges to the Chairman National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) aggregating the total to twenty. The
donation was part of US assistance in restoring the vital
communications links affected by floods especially in
Khyber Pukhtunkhwa.
Speaking on the occasion, US Ambassador to Pakistan
Cameron Munter termed the donation of bridges as a
friendly gift for the people of Pakistan meant to
strengthen people to people contacts. He reiterated his
government's commitment in providing every possible
help to Pakistan in dealing with the emergent situation.
Chairman NDMA, Lt Gen (Retd) Nadeem Ahmed
appreciated the invaluable assistance provided by the
US government in dealing with the monumental
challenges posed by the recent floods & expressed the
hope that cooperation between the two countries will
continue to flourish in future.
Islamabad 01 Dec: Chairman NDMA Lt Gen (Retd.) Nadeem Ahmed
taking over 8 Bridges from American Ambassador Cameron Munter.
NDMA-UN Pakistan's Floods Relief & Early Response Plan 2010 launched
partners to support the Government of Pakistan in
addressing the residual relief needs and early recovery
needs of flood-affected families for the next twelve
months. The overarching goal of this plan is to prevent
excess morbidity and mortality and to enable floodaffected communities to return to their normal lives.
Some of the critical interventions envisaged under the
Plan that are required to be made during the next twelve
months include provision of adequate public health
services to the flood-affected population through an
integrated approach, provision of food assistance and
other social protection measures to offer a basic safety
net, especially to the most vulnerable, provision of
sustainable shelter solutions, restoration of on and offfarm livelihoods, with a focus on agriculture and
livestock, and restoration of basic community services
and supporting the re-establishment of public
administration, health, and education systems.
On 5th November 2010, the Government of Pakistan, in
collaboration with the United Nations, officially launched
the revised “Pakistan's Flood Relief and Early Recovery
Plan 2010” under the auspices of NDMA. The ceremony
was attended by Minister of State for Economic Affairs
Hina Rabbani Khar, Special Envoy of the United Nation's
Secretary General for Assistance to Pakistan Mr. Rauf
Engin Soysal, Ambassadors and High Commissioners,
dignitaries, representatives of NGOs and INGOs along
with high level Government Officials.
The Pakistan Initial Floods Emergency Response Plan
was launched on August 11 seeking an initial $459 million
to meet the immediate relief needs of flood-affected
communities. However, funding requirements had to be
revised on the basis of fresh needs assessments. The
revised Plan is based on the fresh estimates with a
funding requirement of $1.9 billion to enable international
Chairman NDMA is addressing the participants at the launching ceremony of Pakistan Floods Relief & Early Response Plan.
6
News & Events
Damage and Needs Assessment done
In the wake of the floods, the Government of Pakistan requested ADB and WB to lead the Damage and Needs Assessment
(DNA). Accordingly DNA exercise was carried out jointly by the World Bank and ADB and the report submitted in November
2010.The DNA report presents the extent of the damage and the required needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction of
the damaged assets and infrastructure; and restoration of livelihoods and economic productivity. It represents a
quantification and validation of physical
Damage and Reconstruction Costs
damage and presents sector level
Damage
Reconstruction Reconstruction Reconstruction
recovery and reconstruction strategies in
Province /
Costs
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
respect of public and private
Region
USD
USD
USD
USD
infrastructure, services, and livelihoods.
millions
millions
millions
millions
The DNA report focuses on medium- to
AJK
86
155
163
188
long-term reconstruction and provides
Balochistan
620
321
404
684
the guiding principles for recovery. An
FATA
74
89
93
112
a sse ssme n t of th e da ma ge a n d
Gilgit-Baltistan
49
78
81
118
reconstruction strategies for each sector
Khyber
1,172
1,247
1,293
2,116
Pakhtunkhwa
are provided in the detailed sector
Punjab
2,580
1,100
1,269
1,384
assessments. The seventeen sectors
Sindh
4,380
2,681
2,986
3,173
covered in this DNA can be broken down
Federal/Cross
1,095
1,128
1,128
1,140
into four categories: (i) cross-cutting; (ii)
Cutting Sectors
social infrastructure; (iii) physical
National Total
10,056
6,799
7,418
8,915
infrastructure; (iv) economic sectors.
Turkish Prime Minister visits flood hit areas
On 13th October 2010, Turkish Prime Minister Recap
Tayyip Erdogan, who arrived on a two day official visit of
Pakistan paid a visit to flood affected areas.
Accompanied by the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Syed
Yousaf Raza Gillani, the Turkish Prime Minister visited
various flood affected areas of Sindh and Punjab. The
Turkish Prime Minister also visited the relief centers
established by the Turkish Government in flood affected
areas.
desire to actively participate in the reconstruction and
rehabilitation of public infrastructure in the flood affected
areas.
Addressing a ceremony held to distribute 1600 large
tents provided by the Turkish Red Crescent, Turkish PM
said that it was natural for Turkey and Pakistan to help
each other in hard times. He recalled with appreciation
the support and assistance provided by Pakistan in the
aftermath of Earthquake 1999 in Turkey. The Turkish
Prime Minister expressed his country's commitment and
Visit of parliamentary delegation to NDMA
Management Authority (NDMA). Chairman NDMA Lt
Gen (Retd) Nadeem Ahmed gave a detailed briefing to
the delegation on the current flood situation and the
On 28th September 2010, a delegation of women
parliamentarians led by the Speaker National Assembly,
Ms Fehmida Mirza paid a visit to National Disaster
7
News & Events
ongoing relief activities in the flood affected areas. While
speaking on the occasion, the Speaker National
Assembly showed her confidence in state institutions to
deal with the situation in an efficient and effective manner
and expressed government's resolve to mobilize all of its
resources to alleviate the sufferings of the flood
affectees.
Ten bridges from UK arrive in Karachi
DFID-funded engineers has been on the ground since
early August 2010, identifying priority sites and planning
delivery of the bridges. The donation of bridges is part of
a £10 million recovery and rehabilitation project being
sponsored by DFID in the flood affected areas.
Ten bridges that set sail from London in August arrived in
Karachi on 23rd September 2010, at the Pakistan
International Container Terminal. The bridges, provided
by the UK government, will replace some of those
destroyed by the floods in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).A team of
Meeting of Chairman NDMA with US Special Envoy for Pakistan & Afghanistan
On 17th September 2010, Chairman National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA), Lt Gen (Retd) Nadeem
Ahmed met US Special Envoy, Richard Holbrooke who
called upon him. The meeting discussed important
issues regarding the current flood situation in the country
and the on going relief and rescue efforts. Chairman
NDMA apprised the dignitary about the humanitarian
interventions of the federal government and other
organizations to provide relief to the flood affectees and
mitigate their hardships. The US Special Envoy Mr.
Holbrooke assured Lt Gen Nadeem that both the
countries have long standing bilateral ties and the United
States will support Pakistan in this hour of need. He said
that all possible help including aviation support will be
given to Pakistan until this calamity is finally over.
US Special Envoy Richard Holbrooke is being received by
Chairman NDMA at the NDMA headquarters.
Chairman NDMA visits Sukkur on Eid-ul-Fitr
Chairman National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) Lt Gen (R) Nadeem Ahmed visited the flood
affected areas of Sukkur on 12th September 2010, the
very next day of Eid-ul-Fitr. He mingled with the affectees
and gathered first hand knowledge about the problems
being faced by them and issued on the spot instructions
to the relevant authorities for their resolution.
He assured the affectees of government’s commitment
to mobilize all its resources to mitigate their hardships
and take all possible steps to help them return to their
normal lives.
8
News & Events
President Zardari apprised about flood situation at NDMA headquarters
On 23rd August, President Asif Ali Zardari visited National
Disaster Management Authority's headquarters where he
was briefed about the flood situation in the country. The
President was briefed about the scale of devastation
caused by floods in different areas and the current
situation. The briefing focusing the government's relief
activities in flood-hit areas, was also attended by
Minister for Foreign Affairs Shah Mehmood Qureshi,
Minster for Economic Affairs Dr Hafeez Sheikh, Minister
for Railways Ghulam Ahmad Bilour and Minister for Food
Nazar Muhammad Gondal. Ambassador to United States
Mr. Hussain Haqqani was also present.
UK Deputy PM Nick Clegg visits flood affected areas in Sindh
On 1st September 2010 Deputy Prime Minister of United
Kingdom Nick Clegg announced the roadmap for the
distribution of humanitarian aid from the UK while visiting
flood affected areas of Sindh. He said that the UK
Government will allocate £9 million to Save the Children,
Concern and Oxfam for relief activities in the flood
affected areas. The Deputy Prime Minister was on a
special visit to Pakistan to have first hand knowledge
about devastation caused by the floods and needs of the
flood affected people. In Sukkur, he visited a World Food
Programme store house and met with Oxfam, Save the
Children, and other UN aid agencies.
Saudi Prince expressed solidarity with flood victims of Pakistan
areas of Pakistan. Prince Alwaleed said that, “the
kingdom stood with Pakistan during its worst hit
calamity”. He said that the two 100 bedded hospitals
donated by the kingdom will soon be handed over to the
government of Punjab and Sindh while a Saudi medical
team has also arrived in Islamabad to establish two
mobile field hospitals ordered by the Saudi Government
to assist victims of the devastating flood. Prince Alwaleed
assured Pakistan that the kingdom will provide all
possible assistance it needs for the relief and
rehabilitation of the flood victims.
On 30th August 2010, Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal
along with Prime Minister Gillani visited flood affected
9
News & Events
More than a million
Watan Cards issued
COAS visits flood affected areas
On 25th August 2010, Chief of the Army Staff, General Ashfaq
Parvez Kayani visited the flood affected areas of Balochistan,
Sindh and southern parts of Punjab. The COAS flew over the
affected areas and visited Sukkur, Kandhkot, Kashmore,
Sohbatpur, Multan and Kot Addu to assess the current flood
The Watan Card Scheme has been
initiated as a part of government's
overall plan to compensate and
provide financial assistance to the
affected households. The Scheme
envisaged a uniform and
transparent mode of disbursement
of compensation amongst the
affected households. Lists of
entitled households have been
drawn by the respective provincial
governments in close collaboration
with NADRA. Each entitled
household will get a compensation
of Rs 100,000 which is to be
disbursed through Watan Cards. The
disbursement of first installement
of Rs.20,000 as initial financial
assistance
to each affected
household is in progress which will
be followed by the disbursement of
the remaining Rs 80,000 to each
household. Under the scheme, as of
31st December, 2010, more than
PKR 26 billion has disbursed
amongst more than 1.3 million
households through Watan Cards.
Province/
Region
Cards
Issued
Punjab
608,179
Sindh
472,034
KPK
195,135
Balochistan
80,233
AJ&K
6,760
GB
2,939
Total
1,365,279
situation. He was briefed by the local field formation commanders
about the progress of rescue and relief efforts by the Army. The
COAS greatly appreciated the tireless efforts of the field formations
and Army Aviation in providing timely relief to the people in distress.
US Senator John F. Kerry visits flood
hit areas
On 19th August 2010, US Senator John Kerry visited the flood hit
areas to personally review the damage caused by devastating
floods. President Asif Ali Zardari also accompanied the visiting US
Senator.
The US Senator was appreciative of the effective response to the
calamity by the state institutions. He also observed the strong and
effective cooperation between civil and military administration in
the relief work being carried out in the flood affected areas of
Pakistan with international help and support. He highlighted United
States long term commitment with Pakistan that will be ensured
through more help and assistance to the flood affected people.
Amount Disbursed
(PKR)
11,983,054,677
8,877,743,021
3,784,280,000
1,350,415,250
120,040,000
48,630,500
26,164,163,449
10
News & Events
UN Secretary General visits flood
affected areas
The University of Huddersfield UK
confers honorary Doctorate upon
Chairman NDMA Lt Gen Nadeem Ahmed
On 15th August 2010, UN Secretary General Ban Kimoon visited flooded areas of Pakistan and called upon
world nations to help victims of the deadly floods. "I am
here to see what more needs to be done and to urge the
world community to speed up the assistance to the
On 13th July 2010, in recognition of his outstanding
contributions in the field of Disaster Management,
the University of Huddersfield, UK conferred an
Honorary Doctorate upon Lt Gen (Retd) Nadeem
Ahmed, the Chairman National Disaster
Management Authority.
Apart from his outstanding career in Pakistan Army,
Lt. Gen.(Rtd) Nadeem Ahmed also has a vast
experience of handling disasters of diversified
nature. In 2005, as Chief Military Coordinator of the
Federal Relief Commission, he supervised and
implemented the entire spectrum of earthquake
relief operations for both military and civil relief
agencies, including the United Nations and foreign
military elements. As Deputy Chairman of the
Pakistan Earthquake Reconstruction and
Rehabilitation Authority, General Ahmed
strategized, implemented and supervised the
entire early recovery, reconstruction and
rehabilitation efforts. In 2009, as Chairman of the
Special Support Group for Internally Displaced
Persons, he managed the exodus of 3.5 million
internally displaced persons from the conflict zone
in North West Frontier Province and subsequently
ensured safe return to their original abodes within
just six months. He was Commander 1 Corp, Mangla
till his retirement on 1st May 2010. Keeping in view
his distinguished experience of handling both a
“natural disaster” and a “complex emergency”
through all its stages, the Prime Minister of Pakistan
appointed him as Chairman, NDMA which he joined
on 12th May 2010.
Pakistani people," Ban said. Mr. Ban Ki-moon also
termed the floods as “a slow motion tsunami” which was
triggered by the worst monsoons in 80 years causing
widespread flooding and killing more than 1985 people
leaving up to 20 million homeless. "I am here... to share
my sympathy and solidarity of the UN together with the
people and government of Pakistan at this time of trial,"
he added.
The UN Secretary General said that the recent floods in
Pakistan are the worst natural disaster in human history
and urged all the nations to contribute generously in the
relief and recovery efforts for the flood affectees. He
appreciated the coordinated efforts of the Government of
Pakistan, international community and humanitarian
community in providing timely relief to the flood
affectees.
The UN Secretary General was profoundly moved by the
scenes of devastation he witnessed during his visit to the
flood affected areas and called for a special session of
the UN General Assembly to create awareness among
member states about the enormity of the disaster. The
UN special session was convened on 19 August during
which the international community agreed to enhance
and expedite the provision of relief assistance to
Pakistan.
The Government and People of Pakistan are beholden
to the outstanding efforts made by Mr. Ban Ki-moon in
galvanizing international response to the natural
calamity and extending invaluable support to the
Government in dealing with the situation.
Lt General (Rtd) Nadeem Ahmed (C) with Mr. Patrick Stewart,
Chancellor (L) and Professor Bob Cryan (R), Vice Chancellor,
University of Huddersfield after the award ceremony
11
News & Events
Margalla Air Crash – Air Blue
On 28th July 2010, at about 0945 hrs Air Blue Flight ED202 (Air Bus A-320) operating from Karachi to Islamabad
with 152 passengers onboard crashed into Margalla hills.
The NDMA coordinated the immediate rescue and
search operation with active participation of the Pakistan
Armed Forces, District Administration of Islamabd,
Rescue 1122, CDA Urban Search and Rescue Team and
other government agencies/volunteers. The possibility of
any survivors was bleak in view of the force of impact.
Concerted efforts were made to locate and evacuate any
survivors. In view of the difficulties faced by the rescue
agencies in retrieving the dead bodies due to difficult and
inaccessible terrain, additional helicopters (1 x MI-17,
Lama and Alloeutte each) of the Army aviation were
deployed. After hectic efforts 128 dead bodies were
retrieved from the crash site which were subsequently
shifted to PIMS on the same day.
NDMA evacuates Pakistani students from Kyrgyzstan
Following the Kyrgyz-Uzbek ethnic violence, which left
one Pakistani student dead and 262 Pakistani students/
families stranded in the riot stricken city of Osh in
Kyrgyzstan, Prime Minister of Pakistan tasked NDMA to
ensure safe return of the Pakistani students/families and
the body of the deceased and also dispatch relief
supplies for the people of Kyrgyzstan. Two special C130
sorties were deputed for the purpose. The first C 130
flight departed to Kyrgyzstan on 14th June 2010 along
with a senior officer from the NDMA. The flight arrived
back at PAF Air Base Chaklala on 15th June along with
134 persons evacuated from the troubled country. At the
Air Base, the evacuees were received by Federal
Minister for Information, Mr. Qamar Zaman Kaira and Lt.
Gen (Retd) Nadeem Ahmed. The second flight of C 130
accompanied by a senior officer of the NDMA departed
on 15th June and arrived back on the same day carrying
the remaining 129 persons and the dead body of Mr. Ali
Raza, who was killed during the riots. Families (foreigner
spouse) of 19 Pakistanis had no legal documents for
entering into Pakistan, they were facilitated and issued
temporary visa for 72 hours to complete legal formalities
subsequently.
Pakistani students after evacuation from Kyrghyzstan arriving at
Chaklala Airbase, Islamabad
NDMA coordinates response to cyclone “PHET”
On 31 May 2010, tropical depression in Central Arabian
Sea resulted into formation of tropical cyclone “PHET”.
The cyclone caused excessive rains at Gwadar (370
mm) and along the Sindh coast (near Mirpur Sakro)
between the period from 4 to 6 June before moving
towards Indian Rajasthan. As a result of the excessive
rains caused by the cyclone, 16 deaths were reported
from Sindh while 2 deaths were reported from
Balochistan. Almost all of the deaths were caused by
electrocution and collapse of walls. Fortunately no major
destruction to infrastructure was reported.
12
News & Events
displaced people were accommodated in 214 camps
(205 in Sindh and 9 in Balochistan). Essential relief items
were immediately dispatched and disbursed in the
affected areas which included tents, food items,
medicines, mosquito nets, cholera kits, water filtration
plants etc. Over all losses as compared to 2007 Cyclone
Yemyin (420 deaths) remained very low due to timely
warning, preparatory measures and effective
coordination between the state institutions.
The NDMA coordinated the response to the emergency
situation caused by the cyclone and resultant rains. As
part of preparatory measures, weather advisories and
warnings were issued well in advance to all relevant
departments with the directions to take requisite
measures to avoid any loss of life and minimize damage
to property. Specific instructions were issued to the City
District Government Karachi to take all precautionary
measures, including removal of dangerous bill boards,
loose wiring etc, to avoid loss of life and property.
Fishermen were stopped from venturing into the open
sea and those who were in the open sea were evacuated
through Pakistan Navy and Maritime Security Agency.
Relief Provided
As the cyclone and the resultant rains struck the coastal
areas of Balochistan and Sindh, immediate search and
rescue operations were launched in the affected areas.
More than 7000 personnel of Pakistan Army, Pakistan
Navy and Civil Armed Forces were deployed in the
affected areas to lead the rescue and relief operations.
The ground forces were actively supported by aviation
and naval assets of Pakistan Armed forces which
included 9 helicopters, 9 ships, 2 hover crafts and 2
assault boats. A total of 102,269 people were rescued
from the affected areas and shifted to safer places. The
Camps established
214
People Rescued
102,279
Mobile Medical Teams
24
Food/Medicines
300 (tons)
Tents
1000
Cholera Kits for Thatta & Badin
2 Kits
Net Mosquito for Gwadar by PRCS
5000
De-flooding Pumps
23
Filtration Plants
2
An update on Atta Abad Lake situation
Gilgit-Baltistan Disaster Management Authority.
The lake which was created by a massive landslide on
the 4th of January, 2010 took 20 invaluable lives, injured
8 and destroyed 141 houses. The NDMA, in coordination
with all stakeholders, launched a comprehensive
recovery and response operation in the area. Immediate
steps were taken to ensure provision of timely relief to the
affected people. The relief provided to the affectees
included 1854 tents, 8885 blankets, 1700 warm jackets,
6000 shawls, 4417 plastic mats, 17 Pallets of Emergency
Medical Modules & 36 tons of food items through the
Besides this assistance, NDMA coordinated deployment
of 6 Aviation Squadron helicopters for conduct of relief
operations in support of Gilgit-Baltistan Administration.
These helicopters made 1964 sorties evacuating 18,746
affectees and hauled 511 tons of relief items.
NDMA also provisioned 15 motorized boats from the
Pakistan Army with effect from 15 February, 2010 to
facilitate the relief operation/movement of persons
across the lake.
Pakistan Army is also operating a Class 50 ferry over the
lake for transportation of vehicles/trucks and heavy
loads.
On request from NDMA, WFP is also providing 6,000
tons of food assistance (Gilgit-4,000 & Skardu 2,000
tons).
The Government of China stood with Pakistan in this
hour of need and on the request of National Disaster
Management Authority responded immediately
providing 74 tons of diesel, 15 tons of petrol and 3,000
tons of household coal in the end of November 2010.
Chairman NDMA inspecting the progress on Attabad Lake spillway
13
News & Events
transparent manner. To augment all these humanitarian
initiatives the government of GB dumped wheat and flour
in Upper Hunza to be distributed free of cost to affected
population for two months.
NDMA specifically designed “Business Revitalization
Program” for the small, medium and large businesses
affected in villages of Attabad, Sarat, Shishkat, Gulmit,
Gulkin, Ainabad and Hussaini due to the Attabad
landslide. Financial grant of Rs. 200,000, 150,000 and
100,000 each for large, medium and small business
owners respectively, was given to 132 business owners
from the affected areas on 9 October 2010. The total
amount of money distributed among the affectees was
approximately Rs. 13 million, which is expected to
contribute positively to the revival and improvement of
local economy. The programme was financed by the
Group photo of Chinese and Pakistani officials after handing over
ceremony of the relief assistance.
The Government of China also provided 1,710 tons of
wheat/flour, 90 tons of cooking oil, 180 tons of pulses,
535 tons of rice, 43 tons of dry milk, 43 tons of black tea,
19.35 tons of salt, 90 tons of sugar, 0.9 million litres of
diesel and 0.18 million litres of petrol to cater for the six
month needs of the entire stranded population of the
Upper Hunza.
An amount of Rs. 315 million has been released to GilgitBaltistan Government recently on account of “Prime
Minister Relief Package” announced by Prime Minister
on 26th May 2010, which includes an assistance of Rs:
200,000 per household to all those who have lost their
land, Rs 400,000 for completely destroyed house and Rs
160,000 for partially damaged house, Livelihood cash
grant of Rs 5,000 per family per month for six months to
those who have lost their houses. Arrangements were
also made to distribute this amount through the UBL in a
Vehicles are being transported to Upper Hunza through boats.
USAID, Pakistan on the request of NDMA. The Agha
Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) and the Khushali
Bank assisted in the verification and disbursement of
funds, respectively.
The common belief, that the
water would slowly broaden
the spillway to the extent
that the lake water will
reduce to a level where at
least the KKH could be
utilized did not materialize.
FWO is now working on two
options of simultaneously
going for a “lake tap” as well
as physically lowering the
spillway bed level using
plant equipments.
The Frozen Attabad Lake
14
News & Events
Celebrities share grief with flood affectees
The plight of millions of
flood affectees touched
the hearts of people all
over the globe and the
celeberities were no
exception who expressed
solidarity with the
distraught flood victims.
The corollary include
Oscar winning Hollywood
actress and UNHCR
Goodwill Ambassador
Angelina Jolie who also
donated US $ 100,000,
UNDP National Goodwill
Ambassador & Pakistani
pop star Hadiqa Kiyani,
match winning star
batsman Shahid Afridi,
famous Punjabi pop star
with an international
following Ibrar ul Haq,
s i n g e r S h a h z a d Ro y,
popular singer Atif Aslam,
US Open runner up & UNDP
National Goodwill
Ambassador Aisam Ul Haq.
All of these leading figures
from diverse professional
fields felt the grief of the
flood victims and raised
substantial funds for the
flood affectees. Several
other Pakistani celebrities
are also leading different
fund raising campaigns for
the flood affectees.
15
Disaster Risk Reduction Activities
Disaster Risk Reduction Activities
NDMA and the UN organize “Inception
Workshop on HFA Progress Reporting”
Authorities (PDMAs), International Donors, PEC,
PCATP, and other key players related to DRR
Mainstreaming.
On the 26th and 27th October, 2010, the NDMA, in
coordination with One UN System, organized a two day
Inception Workshop On HFA Progress Reporting at
Bhurban. The objective of the workshop was to generate
national inputs on HFA progress through multi
stakeholder engagement process and to report
consolidated inputs to UNISDR through the HFA
Monitor. The report will be ultimately analyzed for
inclusion in Global Report on Disaster Risk Reduction
next year.
NDMA & UNESCAP arranged Regional
High-Level Expert Group Meeting to
Reduce Flood Disaster Risks in Pakistan
On the 9 & 10 Nov, 2010, in the back drop of floods,
NDMA, in collaboration with UNESCAP, arranged a
Regional High-Level Expert Group Meeting in Islamabad
to Reduce Flood Disaster Risks in Pakistan. The
objectives of the meeting were, to share information on
the findings of assessments conducted by various
organizations, learn from each other through exchange
of information and experiences in critical disaster risk
reduction strategies in light of the region's experiences
with major flood disasters, exchange information and
experiences in formulation and implementation of viable,
inclusive, and disaster-resilient livelihood opportunities
and foster regional cooperation in the integration of
National working group meets to
discuss mainstreaming DRR in
development process
On the 27th of November, 2010, in order to review the
progress on “Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction
(DRR) into Development Process”, which is one of the
nine priorities for the next five years as per National
effective disaster risk reduction strategies into recovery
and reconstruction plans.
NDMA & UNDP organize One Day
Consultative Workshop for Creating
Partnership for the New Disaster
Management System
On 29 Nov, 2010, The National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA), in collaboration with the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), organized a
one day consultative workshop titled “Creating
Partnership for the New Disaster Management System”.
The objective of the workshop was to review the Disaster
Management System in Pakistan and develop strategic
partnerships for an effective, participatory and resilient
disaster management system at different levels of the
government. Chairman NDMA, Lt Gen Nadeem Ahmed
(Rtd) along with UN Resident Coordinator Timo Pakkla,
Disaster Risk Management Framework of Pakistan, 7th
Meeting of National Working Group on DRR was held
under the chairmanship of Lt Gen (R) Nadeem Ahmed,
Chairman NDMA who is also the chairman of this
National Working Group. Currently 10 Federal Ministries,
including Planning Commission of Pakistan, are part of
the initiative. The meeting was attended by the senior
officers of 10 Ministries and their attached departments,
representatives of Provincial Disaster Management
16
Disaster Risk Reduction Activities
officers have been trained and sensitized on the DRM
system in Pakistan. During November 2010, NDMA
organized two training courses on “Disaster Risk
Management” for district/tehsil officers in Peshawar, with
the collaboration of PDMA Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa
Province attended by 41 participants and in Quetta with
the collaboration of PDMA Balochistan, which had 43
participants.
UN Humanitarian Coordinator Martin Mogwanja,
To s h i h i r o Ta n a k a , C o u n t r y D i r e c t o r U N D P,
representatives of PDMAs & other high level government
functionaries attended the workshop.
NDMA & FAO successfully conduct
Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability
Baseline Assessment
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in
collaboration with Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
under One UN DRM Joint Programme successfully
conducted Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability Baseline
Assessment in districts Haripur, Jhang, Dadu, Gwadar
and Gilgit. It provided the necessary data for addressing
vulnerability and socio-economic development in these
districts. The document could be used by all the
stakeholders as a key planning and preparedness tool.
Director PMD is explaining the ozone measurement machine
during study visit of the participants to PMD office, Quetta
NDMA & UNDP collaborate for DRR
capacity building
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), in
collaboration with the UNDP, is currently implementing a
capacity building programme on Disaster Risk
Management for the District and Tehsil Authorities under
its National Action Plan 2009-2010. Under the
programme, the NDMA has conducted a series of eight
courses on “Disaster Risk Management” with two
courses in each province. Until now more than 300
Group photo of the participants of the training course
from KPK & FATA
Group photo of the DRM Balochistan Course Participants
with the Senior Member Board of Revenue, Balochistan
A participant of the training course is receiving
participation certificate from Director Operations (PDMA-KPK)
17
Disaster Risk Reduction Activities
These training manuals have been developed for 5 day
training courses.
NDMA & the Planning Commission
organize one day consultative
workshop on "Integration of DRR into
Development Process”
The training manuals are useful for all those officials from
the Government, Semi Government, UN and Civil
Society Organizations who have a key role in dealing
with the Disaster Risk Management.
NDMA and Planning Commission jointly organized a
one-day consultative workshop on 11 Aug, 2010, on
"Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction into
Development Process" under the Chairmanship of Mr.
Ahmad Owais Pirzada, Additional Secretary, Planning &
Development Division in Islamabad. The main agenda of
the workshop was to finalize the proposed DRR Checklists and changes in PC Formats. After detailed
deliberations recommendations of the committee
constituted to finalize the DRR Checklists and changes in
PC formats were approved.
Apart from the Planning Commission, currently nine
Federal Ministries (Housing & Works; Water & Power;
Industries & Production; Defence; Communication;
Education, Health; Environment; Food & Agriculture),
two lead international donors (World Bank, DFID) are
part of the DRR Mainstreaming initiative of NDMA.
NDMA Call Center –
A Sympathetic Listening Ear
In the wake of floods 2010, National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) immediately set up a
Call Center at its headquarters in the Prime Minister's
Secretariat, Islamabad. The Call Center is manned by a
five member team of diligent and dedicated officers who
discharge their duties in two shifts. It has been
established with the purpose of facilitating swift
redressal of the grievances of
flood affectees.
Complaints are received in the Call Centre and then
communicated to the concerned government
departments at the federal as well as provincial levels for
appropriate action. The Call Centre has so far received a
total of 10,244 complaints which have been referred to
relevant authorities for immediate redressal.
Curriculum developed for the
short courses
Under the One UN DRM Joint Programme, the NDMA is
also developing curriculum for the short courses which
would run under National Institute of Disaster
Management (NIDM) in future. For the year 2010, the
following training modules have been developed and
can soon be downloaded from NDMA website
www.ndma.gov.pk.
?
Disaster Risk Management
?
Flood Mitigation
?
Cyclone Mitigation
Speaker National Assembly Ms. Fehmida Mirza visiting NDMA Call Centre.
18
In Focus
IN FOCUS
Need and importance of DRR education
in the context of Pakistan
By Prof. Dr. Amir Nawaz Khan, Director
&
Kamal Ahmed, Research Associate
Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management
University of Peshawar
Pakistan had been a frequent victim of natural hazards
and disasters throughout its history. The trends reveal
that the cost of disasters is too high to afford for a
struggling economy like Pakistan. The top 10 disasters,
classified on the basis of killing & affecting people and
economic damages, have cost 0.16 million innocent
lives, affected around 42.73 million people and caused
economic damages worth $10 billion respectively during
the last century. However, a negligible extent of
significant measures had been taken towards
prevention, mitigation and preparedness for disasters on
sustainable basis despite of the alarming trends of
disaster damages in the country. In this connection, a
dire need in the paradigm shift from response to
prevention and better preparedness was immensely felt
after the Oct 08, 2005 devastating earthquake.
education may be defined as, “the required knowledge
and skills to achieve the possibilities of minimizing
vulnerabilities and disasters in a society to prevent,
mitigate and prepare for the adverse impacts of
hazards.”
The DRR education programme, which is
interdisciplinary in approach, needs to be organized in
educational institutions of all levels directed towards the
general public in particular with a view to educate them
and enable them to manage and reduce disaster risk with
which they are confronted in their regions. Providing
DRR education in Pakistan needs to be both via formal
and non – formal education at various levels for the
purpose. The DRR Education programme can be
implemented and executed via the Integration Strategy.
This integration strategy is to be a two – prong strategy
throughout the country. In the first step, the DRR
education could be made an integral part of the total
curricula through infusion strategy. In the second step
DRR education would be introduced as a separate
discipline, which would most suitably be at the university
level. This would give birth to a special cadre specifically
trained in DRR.
These disasters have widely damaged the livelihood
assets. The damage caused by disasters to the
livelihood assets could be reduced by prioritizing
investments for the efficient and effective practice of the
sustainable livelihoods framework. By placing the human
capital on the top priority of investment, a multiplier effect
of investment could be observed. The investment in the
human capital would influence the other livelihood assets
in a positive way. The best mode of making an investment
in the human capital is education. Consequently in the
context of disaster risk reduction, the best probable
option would be the DRR education (Figure-1). DRR
SOURCE: Derived from Carney (1998)
Figure-1: Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
The impact of infusion approach in DRR education would
prove long-standing. It is evident from the data that a
considerable part of the population of the country is
directly engaged everyday in educational institutions
(schools, colleges, universities) as student, teachers as
well as auxiliary and supporting staff. According to the
Pakistan Education Statistics 2007-08, there are 37.46
million enrolled students in 0.26 million educational
institutions of all categories, whereas the teaching staff in
the same is 1.36 million. Apart from the auxiliary and
supporting staff, if we look at the share of only the
teachers and students of our educational institutions in
the total population of Pakistan, which according to the
Pakistan Demographic Survey – 2007 was almost 150
million, we come to know that the total share of this
community is around 26% (Figure-2). This one fourth
19
In Focus
SOURCE: Derived from AEPM (2009)
earthquakes, and other hazards, so that we can respond
effectively when disaster strikes, the USGS is helping
build stronger, safer communities that are resilient to
natural disaster.”
Landslides
Landslides, lethal mixtures of water, rocks, and mud,
generally are triggered by earthquakes, volcanoes, or
weather events. The two largest landslides in the world
this century occurred at Mount St. Helens, Washington,
in 1980 and at Usoy, Tajikistan, in 1911. At Mount St.
Helens, a moderate earthquake caused roughly 1.7
cubic miles of rocks and mud to break free and slide
down the side of the volcano. The Usoy landslide, also
triggered by an earthquake, moved 1.5 cubic miles of
material and built a 40 miles long lake.
Figure-2: Share of Students and Teachers in
Total Population of Pakistan
share of our population, directly linked with education,
carries huge potential to absorb DRR education. It
means that providing DRR education via infusion
approach would lead us to cover one fourth of our
population in one go. However, if we assume that each
individual among this community shall forward the
message of DRR education to no more than one such
person who is not directly linked to education in
Pakistan, we may come to the result of covering one half
of the population in DRR education through infusion
approach.
An earthquake caused the deadliest landslide this
century, which caused 40,000-50,000 deaths in western
Iran on June 20, 1990. A magnitude 7.8 earthquake at
Mount Huascaran, Peru, on May 21, 1970, triggered a
rock and snow avalanche killing as many as 20,000
people.
This two prong integration strategy will enable our youth
to achieve an integral perception of the disaster risk
reduction in the beginning and slowly and gradually will
understand its specific nature in rational manner for the
present and in the future. However, integrating disaster
management education at all levels would certainly be
facing some key challenges, for instance lack of
information & awareness, capacity building, priority
setting and institutional structure etc.
Weather-related landslides also proved deadly in recent
years. The most costly landslide in U.S. history was a
relatively slow-moving event in Thistle, Utah, in the
spring of 1983 and consequent losses were estimated at
more than $400 million.
Earthquakes
The largest earthquake this century was a magnitude 9.5
event that struck Chile on May 22, 1960. More than 2,000
people were killed in Chile, Hawaii, Japan, and the
Philippines from this earthquake and the deadly tsunami
that the earthquake created. The most powerful
earthquake in the United States, and the second largest
in the world this century, was a magnitude 9.2 temblor in
Alaska, the Good Friday earthquake of 1964. This great
earthquake and ensuing tsunami took 125 lives and
caused about $310 million in property loss.
Most recent natural disasters were
not the century's worst, USGS says
Killer landslides in Venezuela and Mexico, devastating
earthquakes in Turkey and Taiwan, massive floods along
the East Coast of the United States and Pakistan, nature
has dealt staggering blows to the Earth and its people in
1999. But these were not the worst disasters of the
century, either in the power of the events or in the loss of
life and property that they caused.
The planet's deadliest earthquake of the century, by far,
was a magnitude 8.0 that struck Tianjin , China, on July
27, 1976. The official casualty figure issued by the
Chinese government was 255,000, but unofficial
estimates of the death toll were as high as 655,000. The
magnitude 7.6 earthquake in October 2005 killed more
than 3 million people in Pakistan and caused
considerable damage to infrastructure.
“The costs of natural disasters -- lives lost, homes
destroyed, economies disrupted -- have skyrocketed in
this century, as the world's population has grown and has
moved onto areas that are vulnerable to earthquakes,
hurricanes, landslides, and other natural hazards," said
USGS Director Chip Groat. "But there is reason for hope.
By understanding how and where these natural events
occur, so that we can build and live safely on the Earth,
and by providing real-time information about floods,
Volcanoes
The largest eruption in the world this century occurred
June 6-9, 1912, at Novarupta on the Alaska Peninsula.
20
In Focus
the country to provide reliable, impartial scientific
information to resource managers, planners and other
customers. This information is gathered in every state by
USGS scientists to minimize the loss of life and property
from natural disasters, to contribute to the conservation
and the sound economic and physical development of
the nation's natural resources, and to enhance the
quality of life by monitoring water, biological, energy, and
mineral resources.
An estimated 9 cubic miles of magma was explosively
erupted during 60 hours beginning on June 6 - more than
twice the volume of the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, the
second largest this century, and about 30 times the
volume erupted by Mount St. Helens in 1980. The whole
of the eco system was destroyed in the area.
The eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, on June 15,
1991, blasted about 1 cubic mile of ash and rock into the
atmosphere filling valleys with as much as 600 feet of
volcanic debris. Close cooperation between the USGS
and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology enabled the eruption to be forecast
accurately, saving at least 5,000 lives.
Disaster Mitigation
With the tropical climate and unstable landforms,
coupled with high population density, poverty, illiteracy
and lack of adequate infrastructure, India is one of the
most vulnerable developing countries to suffer very often
from various natural disasters, namely drought, flood,
cyclone, earth quake, landslide, forest fire, hail storm,
locust, volcanic eruption, etc. Which strike causing a
devastating impact on human life, economy and
environment. Though it is almost impossible to fully
recoup the damage caused by the disasters, it is possible
to (i) minimize the potential risks by developing early
warning strategies (ii) prepare and implement
developmental plans to provide resilience against such
disasters (iii) mobilize resources including
communication/tele-medicinal services, and (iv) to help
in rehabilitation and post-disaster reconstruction. Space
technology plays a crucial role in efficient mitigation of
disasters. While communication satellites help in
disaster warning, relief mobilization and tele-medicinal
support, earth observation satellites provide required
database for pre-disaster preparedness programmes,
disaster response, monitoring activities, post-disaster
damage assessment, reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The deadliest eruption of the century was at Mont Pelée
in Martinique, Lesser Antilles, in 1902 which caused
30,000 deaths. And a small eruption of the Nevado del
Ruiz volcano in Colombia on November 13, 1985 killed
more than 23,000 people in the city of Armero.
Floods
On average, floods cause more deaths each year than
any other natural disaster, and the Galveston hurricaneinduced flood of September 1900 was by far the
deadliest flood in the United States this century, taking at
least 6,000 lives. In 1927, the lower Mississippi flooded,
inundating around 27,000 square miles and killing
hundreds of people - more than 1,000 by some
estimates. The great Midwest flood of 1993 was the
costliest flood in U.S. history, with estimated damages of
$20 billion; however, only around 50 lives were lost.
China and Bangladesh have been devastated
repeatedly by floods - Bangladesh lost 300,000 people in
November 1970 and more than 130,000 in April 1991,
from cyclone-induced flooding, and the massive flooding
of the Yangtze River in China in 1931 caused more than 3
million deaths from flooding and starvation.
Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic
eruptions, flood and cyclones are natural hazards that kill
thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of
habitat and property each year. The rapid growth of the
world's population and its increased concentration often
in hazardous environment has escalated both the
frequency and severity of natural disasters. With the
tropical climate and unstable land forms, coupled with
deforestation, unplanned growth proliferation, nonengineered constructions which make the disasterprone areas more vulnerable, tardy communication, poor
or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention,
developing countries suffer more or less chronically by
natural disasters. Asia tops the list of casualties due to
natural disaster.
"Earthquakes, landslides, floods - these hazards are part
of the way the Earth operates," said USGS Director Chip
Groat. "Although we can't prevent natural hazards from
happening, we can learn from them, and use this
knowledge to prevent natural hazards from turning into
natural disasters." "The next century gives us a new
chance to apply the lessons we have learned about
natural hazards," said Groat. "As we look ahead to the
next millennium, we must continue to improve both our
understanding of how the earth works and our ability to
provide timely, effective, warnings, so that we can live
safely on our planet."
Among various natural hazards, earthquakes,
landslides, floods and cyclones are the major disasters
adversely affecting very large areas and population in the
As the nation's largest water, earth and biological
science and civilian mapping agency, the USGS works in
cooperation with more than 2,000 organizations across
21
In Focus
?
minimize the potential risks by developing disaster
Indian sub-continent. These natural disasters are of (i)
geophysical origin such as earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, land slides and (ii) climatic origin such as
drought, flood, cyclone, locust, forest fire. Though it may
not be possible to control nature and to stop the
development of natural phenomena but the efforts could
be made to avoid disasters and alleviate their effects on
human lives, infrastructure and property. Rising
frequency, amplitude and number of natural disasters
and attendant problem coupled with loss of human lives
prompted the General Assembly of the United Nations to
proclaim 1990s as the International Decade for Natural
Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) through a resolution 44/236
of December 22, 1989 to focus on all issues related to
natural disaster reduction. In spite of IDNDR, there had
been a string of major disaster throughout the decade.
Nevertheless, by establishing the rich disaster
management related traditions and by spreading public
awareness the IDNDR provided required stimulus for
disaster reduction. It is almost impossible to prevent the
occurrence of natural disasters and their damages.
early warning strategies
?
prepare and implement developmental plans to
provide resilience to such disasters,
?
mobilize resources including communication and
tele-medicinal services
?
to help in rehabilitation and post-disaster reduction.
Disaster management, on the other hand involves:
?
pre-disaster planning, preparedness, monitoring
including relief management capability
?
prediction and early warning
?
damage assessment and relief management.
Disaster reduction is a systematic work which
involves with different regions, different professions
and different scientific fields, and has become an
important measure for human, society and nature
sustainable development
However, it is possible to reduce the impact of disasters
by adopting suitable disaster mitigation strategies.
Disaster mitigation mainly addresses the following:
22
World at a Glance
World at a Glance
Australia submerged by inland tsunami
After years of devastating drought, the La Nina weather
phenomenon drenches the northeastern state of
Queensland with its wettest spring on record. At least 34
people were killed and 59 are still unaccounted for after
flash floods tore through an Australian valley.
More than three-quarters of Queensland state, or an
area the size of California and Texas combined, has been
declared a disaster zone after the worst flooding in 50
years. Queensland accounts for as much as 30 percent
of the nation's horticultural output and 35 percent of its
red meat production. An estimated 300,000 people have
been affected by the floods, which have estimated to
have cost the state nearly $10bn so far.
Chilean mine crisis
Chile date & time( CLDT) and the last at 21:55 CLDT.
The rescue operation spoke highly of the crisis/disaster
management by the leaders of Chile, particularly the
President, Sebastian Pinera and his Mining Minister,
Laurence Goldborne. Think of it, that the President had
just been on the job for a few months, having assumed
post after March 2010 elections and a serious earth
quake that had just rocked Chile before he became the
President. It was mission not only impossible but just
unthinkable. However, the results show that it was
carried out with computerized precision. It holds valuable
lessons regarding crisis management.
Thirty three Chilean Miners, having remained trapped in
a collapsed gold & copper mine for 69 days, were finally
rescued on 13/14 October 2010 in a very difficult but
smoothly executed operation. The 2010 Copiapó mining
accident occurred on 5 August 2010, when part of the
San Jose, gold & copper mine, near Copiapo in Chile
collapsed, leaving 33 men trapped deep below ground.
The mine is located some 45 Kms from Copiapo in
Northen Chile. The miners survived in the mine for a
record 68 to 69 days. All 33 were rescued and brought to
the surface on 13 October 2010, with the first miner
emerging from the Phoenix 2, rescue capsule at 00:10
Dozens perish in new Mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia
At least 64 people have been killed in the latest eruption
of Indonesia's Mount Merapi volcano in Cangkringan
District, of the Sleman Regency, on the island of Java in
Indonesia on the 5th of November 2010- more than
doubling the death toll since it became active again. More
than 100 people are said to have been killed while
23
Books and Publications
dozens are being treated for burns and respiratory
problems after a gas cloud hit villages with even greater
force than the previous eruptions. An estimated 75,000
residents have been evacuated from the area. Mount
Merapi, one of the world's most active volcanoes, is
located in a densely populated area in central Java.
Books and Publications
This book is on the credit of Gerard Blokdijk and is
published by Emereo Pty Ltd. This masterpiece has 209
pages and comes in paperback form. This is the first
edition & was published 0n 16 July, 2010. There has
never been a Disaster Recovery manual like this. 100
Success Secrets is not about the ins and outs of Disaster
Recovery. Instead, it answers the top 100 questions that
we are asked and those we come across in forums, our
consultancy and education programs. It tells you exactly
how to deal with
those questions,
with tips that have
never before been
offered in print.
This book is also
not about Disaster
Recovery's best
practice and
standards details.
I n s t e a d i t
introduces
everything you
want to know to be
successful with
D i s a s t e r
Recovery.
This book has been
written by Rajdeep
Dasgupta and
published by Mittal
Publications and was
first published in
2007. This book
brings to the reader a
comprehensive
coverage of the issue
o f d i s a s t e r
management.
Compiling an erudite
exploration of disaster
management, the
book starts with an
enunciation of the
types of disasters,
immediate aid, and
the risk factors. Also, it
gives a compendious
amount of information on emergency aid, and long-term
plans to benefit victims chapters have also been included
to help the disaster management professional so gauge
potential risk, asses viability, evaluate probability and
risks and assess damage.
Considering the relevance of disaster management
today, this book with its all encompassing content should
hopefully be highly enlightening to the reader.
24