MINVU RECONSTRUCTION PLAN

Transcription

Government of Chile
Ministry of Housing and Urbanism
MINVU RECONSTRUCTION PLAN
“United Reconstructing a Better Chile”
27th February, 2010 - Earthquake and Tsunami
Resilience Workshop 2013 in Sendai Accelera7ng Disaster Recovery Efforts to Build Disaster Resilient Society
Pob. 16.7 Millions Es7mated 2012 15 Regions 345 Municipali7es 87% Pob. urban Chile 40% 4.300 km 170 km Gobierno de Chile | Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo
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Chile: a country exposed to natural disasters
Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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Chile: a country exposed to natural disasters
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CHILE 27F 2010 03:34AM 8,8 Richter 134 Secs Recent experience of an event of great magnitude
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Largest
Earthquake
in the world
Offshore
2010, Chile
8,8
Ritchter Scale
524 fatal
victims
27F 2010
Largest urban earthquake
in extension and spread
Of damage
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World largest earthquakes
1
2
3
9,5 Richter Scale. 1,655 fatal victims.
Alaska, 1964, United States
9,2 Richter Scale. 128 fatal victims.
Sumatra Island, 2004, Indonesia
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Coast of Northern Kamchatka, 1952, Russia
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Coast of Honshu, 2011, Japan
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Valdivia, 1960, Chile
9,0 Richter Scale. No fatal victims.
Offshore Maule (Cobquecura), 2010, Chile
8,8 Richter Scale. 524 fatal victims.
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27F 2010: earthquake & tsunami
Magnitud / Dispersion
69,3%
of municipali7es affected 27F 2010: Largest urban earthquake
in extension and spread of damage.
81.3% of the urban popula7on
Población urbana nacional:
15.116.435 habitantes
Región Metropolitana: 41%
Región de Valparaíso: 11%
Región de O'Higgins: 5.2%
Región del Maule: 6%
Región del Biobío: 12.3%
Región de la Araucanía:
5.8%
345 Municipalities in 15 regions.
239 Municipalities affected
(Fuente ACHM)
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27th February, 2010
Extension and magnitude of the catastrophe
524 fatal victims and 31 missing
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27th February, 2010
40 Hospitals with severe damage and 17 completely destroyed.
75% of the Health Network of the country was affected.
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27th February, 2010
1,554 kilometers of roadways severely damaged
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27th February, 2010
Destroyed 2 mayor ports and 28 fishermen coves
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27th February, 2010
Devastating an area of more than 630 kilometers along the
Chilean coastline and central valleys
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27th February, 2010
109,000 homes destroyed and 105,000 severely damaged
(an overturn of 4 years of successful housing policy).
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27th February, 2010
210 bridges severely damaged or destroyed
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27th February, 2010
4,538 damaged schools (1 of every 3 schools located in the area
of catastrophe). Including more than 1,250,000 students.
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27th February, 2010
5 Cities with more than 100 thousand hab / 45 Cities over 5
thousand hab / More than 900 small towns and villages
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Summary of the damage
The total cost of the disaster is estimated in US$ 30 billion, which
is equivalent to 18% of the GNP (Gross National Product).
damage
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Stages Reconstruction Plan
1. Early emergency Immediate Actions
- To bury the victims and find the missing.
- Restore public order and providing basic services.
- Reset transportation and communications systems.
Winter emergency
- 80,000 emergency housing.
- Educational services to 1.5 million students.
- Health Network.
2. Reconstruc7on Plan (Housing 4 years) -
Housing 222,000 housing solutions (MINVU)
City and Territory (Planning coastal cities) (MINVU)
Public works (roads, bridges, ports, etc..) (MOP)
Schools (Ministry of Education)
Public buildings (M. Interior)
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Reconstruction Plan Stages
1. Early emergency Immediate Actions
- To bury the victims and find the missing.
- Restore public order and providing basic services.
- Reset transportation and communications systems.
Winter emergency
- 80,000 emergency housing.
- Educational services to 1.5 million students.
- Health Network.
2. Reconstruc7on Plan (Housing 4 years) -
Housing 222,000 housing solutions (MINVU)
City and Territory (Planning coastal cities) (MINVU)
Public works (roads, bridges, ports, etc..) (MOP)
Schools (Ministry of Education)
Public buildings (M. Interior)
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THE HOUSING PROBLEM: Spread of Damage = • Different Problems • Different Loca7ons • Different Cultures Decentralized Implementa7on Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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Problems Owner of a Repairable House 110.000 Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
Owner of a non-‐
repairable house 57.000 Non-‐Owner displaced Families 53.000 22
Approach • 
Bo]om – Up Community level Cases where each familiy is actually able to lead its own
house reconstruction.
• 
Promote community envolvement and empowerment
• 
process.
Top – Down State Level Third Party Intermediate level (EGIS) Cases where families by them selves are not able to lead the
• 
Multi family cases (buildings/villas).
• 
When urban regeneraion/ planning is needed.
•  Cases where the local actors (Municipalities, NGO,
Comitees) have the means to lead the process and the
complexity of the problem is not that hard.
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Problems Approach Bank of M aterials Self -‐ Lead Community level State -‐ Lead State Level Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Repairable House Land Owner Subsidy Reloca7on Non-‐Land Owner Subsidy Acquisi7on Bank of M aterials + Technical Assistance Social Condominiums Repair Program (major damage) Social Condominiums for demoli7on
New Developments Pre-‐Cer7fied Houses Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Social Condominiums Repair Program (minor damage)
Subsidy House Repair Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
Houses Pre-‐Cer7fied New Developments Ad – Hoc Houses Project Urban Densifica7on/
Renova7on Program 24
Problems Approach Self -‐ Lead Community level Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Land Owner Bank of Materials Par7cipa7on of material Suppliers State -‐ Lead State Level Sodimac Constructor Viña del Mar Ferretería San Fermín Ferretería 100 Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Easy Ferretería La Bodega Problems Approach Repairable House Land Owner Self -‐ Lead Community level State -‐ Lead State Level Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Social Condominiums Repair Program (major damage) Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Land Owner Problems Approach Repairable House Land Owner Self -‐ Lead Community level Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Land Owner Bank of Materials + Technical Assistance State -‐ Lead State Level Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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Problems Approach Repairable House Land Owner Self -‐ Lead Community level Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Land Owner Bank of Materials + Technical Assistance State -‐ Lead State Level Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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Problems Approach Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Land Owner Self -‐ Lead Community level State -‐ Lead State Level Small CAP Empresas Constructoras
Companies Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level 13%
Medium Empresas CChC
Large CAP Companies Pre-‐Cer7fied Housesç 87%
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Problems Approach Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Repairable House Land Owner Small CAP Empresas Constructoras
Companies Self -‐ Lead Community level Medium Non-‐Land Owner Empresas CChC
Large CAP Companies 78%
22%
State -‐ Lead State Level New Developments Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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Problems Approach Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Repairable House Land Owner Non-‐Land Owner Self -‐ Lead Community level State -‐ Lead State Level Third Party -‐ Lead Intermediate level Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
Urban Densifica7on/
Renova7on Program 31
Housing Reconstruc7on General Principles and Leassons Learned Poli7cally Risky, but….. Principle #1 Governments should lead the process. Lead does not mean do. In the event of a Major Catastrophe… Principle#2 Crete a set of flexible solu7ons with decentralized execu7on. Not a centralized agency with standard solu7ons. Problems
Repairable House
Land Owner
Approach
Bank of Materials
Community level
Government
Level
Intermediate
level
Non-Repairable House
Land Owner
Social Condominiums
Repair Program
(major damage)
Repair Subsidy
Non-Land Owner
Subsidy for
acquisition or
construction
Acquisi7on Subsidy DIY-Construction
Social Condominiums for demoli7on
New Developments Urban Densifica7on Renova7on Program Pre-‐Cer7fied Houses 37
Slower and Harder, but…. Principle#3 Whenever you can, try not to displace families. The closer the be]er. It is more expensive, but…. Principle #4 Focus on the vic7ms and not in the buildings. You may be able to solve two problems simultaneously. Family # 1 Family # 2 Familia 1 Familia 2 53.000 It may be complicated, poli7cally dangerous, but… Principle#5 Transparency and Openness. You will be gaining people’s trust. Tracking System
Innovation (obrasreconstruccion.minvu.cl)
1.  National Report (every 6
months)
2.  Housing Report (every month)
3.  Online tracking system
4.  Online control system for
beneficiary families
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National Report
All areas
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Housing Report
General monthly progress
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Tracking System
Innovation (obrasreconstruccion.minvu.cl)
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Control System
For beneficiary families
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It may be slower, but it is theirs house… Principle#6 Let people Choose. It actually increases the quality and size of the houses. Bank of pre cer7fied projects Principle#7 It´s Time to innovate If not now, when Flood Resilient Houses 3D industrializad houses 57
THE URBAN PROBLEM: Intensity of Damage in the Coastline. •  People afraid about repopula7ng the coast. •  Planning process is usually slower than what people need. •  Investment need to be coordinated among many different agencies.
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27th February, 2010
Hundreds of fishermen boats lost
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27th February, 2010
Coastal cities completely wiped out by the tsunami
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View of Constitución before the earthquake and tsunami
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View of Constitución after the earthquake and tsunami
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Dichato Dichato 8th principle Build resilient ci7es ì  Each location counts with 3 different products
1. RISK STUDIES
ì 
Risk studies elaborated by SERNAGEOMIN and Universidad Católica
and Universidad del Biobío
ì 
Risk zoning and landslide
2. MASTER PLANS AND MITIGATION PROJECTS
ì 
Master plans for each location include a plan of urban infraestructure
and mitigation projects
ZONING AND POLYGONS FOR SPECIAL SUBSIDIES
3.
ì 
definition of zones of exclusion and poligons where will be possible to
construct tsunami resilient houses with special subsidies Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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ì  Product 1: Risk Studies
m Tsunami simulation studies
conduced for the city of
Dichato
Reduce the high of
the waves with
mitigation projects
from 5-9 mts. to
1,5-2 m.
m/s Reduce the speed of
the waves with
mitigation projects
from 8 m a 1,5 m.
Situation the 27F
Situation with Mitigation
These models confirm that with tsunami mitigation works is possible a viable and
safer reconstruction in the area exposed to inundation in Dichato.
Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urbanism
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ì  Product 2: Master Plans and Mitigation Projects
The master plans incorporate mitigation projects that will improve the security and
identity of the affected locations.
Example of execution of
Urban Mitigation Projects
in Dichato
Preliminar profile of mitigation infraestructure, wall and park, against the risk of tsunami in Dichato, that reduce
the high and energy of the wave.
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Master Plans for 25 coastal cities
ì  Product 3: Special Subsidies
ì  Example: Special subsidies for tsunami resilient building codes. A house in
Dichato
Resistant
tsunami
houses in
Dichato
Risk zoning and special polygon in Dichato.
Master Plans for 25 coastal cities
Cobquecura
Tumbes
Lo Rojas
Cocholgue
Llico
Tubul
Quidico
I. Sta. María
Perales
Tirua
Isla Mocha
Talcahuano
Lebu
Coliumo
Master Plans for 112 inland cities
180 Heritage Recovery Area were declared
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In the anermath of a large Scale Catastrophe, you may be focus on the emergency, but.. Principle #9 Create long term risk managment ins7tu7ons. You will be saving even more lives Chilean urban planning History 1541 -‐1567 •  Capitanía General de Chile •  Virreinato -‐ Gobernación -‐ Provincias -‐ Cabildos •  Fundaciones Ciudades y Fuertes 1550 1598 Desastre de Curalaba 1650 2000 1997 Desarrollo Urbano Condicionado 1700 1975 1978 Subsidio Habitacional 1976 D.L.1.305 Restructuración y Regionalización del MINVU 2003 Ley de Financiamiento Urbano Compar]do 1810 Primer Congreso 1786 Reformas Borbónicas: Creación de Intendencias San]ago, Concepción, Chiloé 1778 Virreinato del Rio de la Plata 1600 2007 Programa Barrios HISTORIA 1680 Recopilación de las Leyes de Indias 1750 1800 1950 1965 Ley 16.391 Creación del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo 1994 Plan Regulador Metropolitano de San]ago 1850 1925 1936 Caja de Habitación Popular 1900 1920-‐1930 Primer Plan Regulador de San]ago 1931 Ley General de Urbanismo y Construcciones 1953 Creación de la CORVI 1960 Plan Regulador Intercomunal de San]ago 1959 DFL 2 1833 Cons]tución de 1833 Reorganiza administración 1891 territorio: •  Decreto de provincia –
Creación de departamento –
Municipalidades delegación -‐ •  Ley de la Comuna distrito Autónoma 1928 Terremoto de Talca 1925 Cons]tución de 1925 1906 Consejos de Habitaciones Obreras 72
Institutional/Regulatory changes
take advantage of political times
Before 27th February earthquake and tsunami
Talca, 1928. Chillan, 1939. Valdivia, 1960. 27 F, 2010. 8,3°. 8,3°. 9,5° 8,8° Ins]tu]ons Regula]on -‐ Reconstruc]on Corpora]on (CORVI’s predecessor) (1939) -‐ CORFO (1939) -‐ Urban Transforma]on Law (1929)* -‐ Urbanism and Construc]on Law. (1931) Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (1965) -‐ Civil Protec]on Agency (in Parliament discussion) -‐ Na]onal Early Warning System (2013) -‐ Urban Plan actualiza]on (Risk zones, mi]ga]on projetcs). -‐ Territorial management instruments (PRES/PRUS) -‐ Technical building standars *every city with more than 20,000 inhabitants, must have an Urban Plan. Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
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PROGRESS TODAY Unidades 240.000 230.000 220.000 210.000 200.000 190.000 180.000 170.000 160.000 150.000 140.000 130.000 120.000 110.000 100.000 90.000 80.000 70.000 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 0 2010-‐03 2010-‐04 2010-‐05 2010-‐06 2010-‐07 2010-‐08 2010-‐09 2010-‐10 2010-‐11 2010-‐12 2011-‐01 2011-‐02 2011-‐03 2011-‐04 2011-‐05 2011-‐06 2011-‐07 2011-‐08 2011-‐09 2011-‐10 2011-‐11 2011-‐12 2012-‐01 2012-‐02 2012-‐03 2012-‐04 2012-‐05 2012-‐06 2012-‐07 2012-‐08 2012-‐09 2012-‐10 2012-‐11 2012-‐12 2013-‐01 2013-‐02 2013-‐03 2013-‐04 2013-‐05 2013-‐06 2013-‐07 2013-‐08 2013-‐09 2013-‐10 2013-‐11 2013-‐12 2014-‐01 2014-‐02 2014-‐03 Historical Evolution of Housing
rebuiliding process
Started and Finished Units 222.418 Iniciado Total programa Terminado 218.228 175.430 Fecha de inicio Asignado 75
Housing reconstruc7on current status (Delivered, under construc7on and started houses) 222 thousand
79%
175 thousand
Delivered houses
77 thousand 98 thousand
New houses Repaired houses
19%
43 thousand
2%
4
thousand
Under Construc]on Started 40 thousand
3 thousand
New houses Repaired houses
3 thousand
1 thousand
New houses Repairable houses
-‐ 2010-‐2014 UF 3.100.706.964 500.000 77
2014-‐03 900.617.970 2014-‐02 1.500.000 1.200.147.137 2014-‐01 2.000.000 2013 2013-‐12 2.500.000 2012 2013-‐11 2013-‐10 2013-‐09 2013-‐08 2013-‐07 2013-‐06 2013-‐05 2013-‐04 2013-‐03 2013-‐02 2013-‐01 2012-‐12 2012-‐11 2012-‐10 2012-‐09 2012-‐08 2012-‐07 2011 2012-‐06 2012-‐05 2012-‐04 1.000.000 2012-‐03 2012-‐02 2012-‐01 2011-‐12 2011-‐11 2011-‐10 2011-‐09 2011-‐08 2011-‐07 2011-‐06 2011-‐05 2011-‐04 2011-‐03 2011-‐02 2011-‐01 2010-‐12 UF Anual budget expenditure USDMM
2014 800.622.620 200
MM Urban planning reconstruction
ü 25 Master Plans developed for main coastal ci7es ü 112 Master Plans developed for inland ci7es, towns, and villages ü  Heritage Recovery Plans developed for 180 zones of historic preserva7on Government of Chile| Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
78
Our main challenge
“What makes a natural event in a
disaster is the degree of vulnerability,
that is to say, in which extent a
geographic area, a community or a
structure is able to face the negative
effects of the event.”
Status Report of the ci0es of La0n America and the Caribbean 2012 Towards a New Urban Transi0on ONU Habitat Our main challenge is to plan and prepare our cities
for the future, considering the underlying risks of our
geography, such us eatrhquakes, volcanos, floods,
and , mass remotion.
79
Thanks.

MINVU RECONSTRUCTION PLAN

Transcription

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