Vol. 8, Issue 3 () - ISI - Information Sciences Institute
Transcription
Vol. 8, Issue 3 () - ISI - Information Sciences Institute
The InSiDer Volume 8, Issue 3 July 24, 2003 A Quarterly Publication of the Intelligent Systems Division ISD’s Jeff Rickel Passes Away different countries, Jeff was an inspiration for all of us working in Educational Synthetic Characters." — Ana Paiva, INESC, Lisbon. "Jeff was one of the leaders in a community of researchers connecting AI techniques to computer graphics human models—so called 'embodied agents.' His work was seminal, and he was a rising star in this community. He will be sorely missed." —Norm Badler, University of Pennsylvania. "Jeff Rickel was an admirable researcher and wonderful person to discuss with." —Catherine Pelachaud, University of Paris 8. Randy Hill is collecting a digital scrapbook of images of Jeff. If you have any that you would like to contribute, please let Kathy Kurinsky <[email protected]> or Randy <[email protected]> know. By Lewis Johnson Our friend and colleague Jeff Rickel died on Sunday, July 6 from complications of cancer. He was 40 years old. All of ISD is saddened by this loss. Jeff was first diagnosed with lung cancer in the middle of last year. At that time, the cancer was already in a very advanced state, and the prospects for his survival were poor. Nevertheless, he maintained an upbeat attitude throughout his illness. He did not let cancer prevent him from pursuing his research and remained active until the very end. As a result, his sudden hospitalization and death were a shock to many in ISD. Many of Jeff's friends and colleagues around the world responded with kind words and offers of support. Following are just a few of the many comments that we received: "Having interacted with Jeff innumerable times, passing through many good and sometimes fun situations in several The Jeff Rickel Memorial Library Fund has been established to support the acquisition of library materials in the area of artificial intelligence and education. Please contact Kathy if you wish to make a donation. We are hopeful that this will provide ISI with an important legacy in Jeff's name. INSIDE: ● Schedule of Events (Page 2) ● New Faces (Page 4) ● New Summer Faces (Page 8) ● Where in ISD??? (Page 10) ● New Research Contracts (Page 11) ● ISD Publications (Page 11) ● Invited Talks (Page 12) ● Journal Publications 2002-2003 (Page 13) ● New Additions to ISD (Page 15) ● ISD Tidbits (Page 16) ARTICLES: ● dg.o2003 conference (Page 3) ● Hindi in a Month (Page 5) ● CRUE: Center for Research on Unexpected Events (Page 5) ● Tactical Language Training Project (Page 12) Jeff Rickel had a close personal relationship with many ISDers. Here, he is pictured with his daughter Chelsea, Lewis Johnson, Lewis’ wife Kim, and Nella the dog. ● AI-Grad Interview with Herb Schorr (Page 14) The InSiDer July 2003 Sun Mon SCHEDULE OF EVENTS: Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 ISI Closed: 5 Independence Day Aram’s Birthday! 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Amy’s Birthday! July: •July 4: ISI Closed: Independence Day •July 4: Aram Galstyan’s Birthday! •July 12: Kate LaBore’s Birthday! •July 20: Amy Sri’s Birthday! Kate’s Birthday! August 2003 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 1 2 Philipp’s Birthday! 3 Sat 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Jim’s Birthday! 31 Page 2 Jihie’s Birthday! Alex’s Birthday! Ranjit’s Birthday! Mack’s Birthday! Benham’s Birthday! August: •August 1: Philipp Koehn’s Birthday! •August 6: Jihie Kim’s Birthday! •August 10: Jim Blythe’s Birthday! •August 15: Mack Reed’s Birthday! •August 19: Alex Fraser’s Birthday! •August 20: Ranjit Nair’s Birthday! •August 21: Benham Salemi’s Birthday! SCHEDULE OF EVENTS: September 2003 September: •September 1: ISI Closed: Labor Day •September 4: Arda Celebi’s Birthday! •September 10: Liang Zhou’s Birthday! •September 12: Kary Lau’s Birthday! •September 13: Chin-Yew Lin’s Birthday! •September 17: Harshit Suri’s Birthday! •September 18: Yigal Aren’s Birthday! •September 18: Kathy Kurinsky’s Birthday! •September 21: David Pynadath’s Birthday! •September 24: Namhee Kwon’s Birthday! •September 25: Uli Germann’s Birthday! •September 26: IUI Abstracts Due! •September 28: Daniel Marcu’s Birthday! Sun Mon 1 ISI Closed: Labor Day Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 2 3 4 5 6 Arda’s Birthday! 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 David’s Biirthday! Daniel’s Birthday! Liang’s Birthday! Harshit’s Birthday! Namhee’s Birthday! Yigal’s Birthday! Kathy’s Birthday! Uli’s Birthday! Kary’s Birthday! IUI Abstracts Due! Chin-Yew’s Birthday! dg.o2003: National Conference on Digital Government Research founder Nicholas Negroponte, the conference presented a broad, rich array of the latest multidisciplinary papers and system demonstrations from the fast-growing digital government research community. ISD staff in the Digital Government Research Center took leading roles in organizing and presenting dg.o2003 in Boston on May 18-21. The 2003 National Conference on Digital Government Research was the largest and, by all accounts, the most successful conference in the 4-year history of the National Science Foundation's Digital Government Program. Keynoted by MIT Media Lab co- Conference co-chairs Yigal Arens and Eduard Hovy collaborated with NSF/ Digital Government Program Manager Valerie Gregg and Program Chair Peggy Agouris (University of Maine) to schedule more than 20 paper presentation sessions, panel discussions, live system demonstrations and "birds-of-a-feather" meetings that drew nearly 200 academic researchers and government IT partners to the Hyatt Hotel, overlooking Boston Harbor. They also organized fascinating field trips for the conference audience to the MIT Media Lab, Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. ISD's Mack Reed served as Communications Chair, coordinating internal and external publicity, including the conference Web site and publishing the Proceedings, and Kary Lau provided vital admin support before, during and after registration, which welcomed attendees from across the U.S. and abroad. For coverage of the international participation, system demos and other dg.o2003 highlights, see the articles by DGRC writer Gale Holland at http://www.diggov.org/news/ stories/ . For more on the Digital Government Research center, visit http://www.dgrc.org/ . For information on the Digital Government program, see http://www.digitalgovernment.org/ . Volume 8, Issue 3 The InSiDer New Faces TIM CHKLOVSKI [email protected] Hi All, I'm Timothy (Tim) Chklovski, a new Research Scientist working in Yolanda Gil's group on Interactive Knowledge Acquisition—I'm interested in making intelligent (in some cases settling for clever and useful) systems that gather knowledge from people. My research interests span both NLP issues (lexical semantics in particular) and a variety of Knowledge Acquisition and Knowledge Representation topics. I and my wife of 1 year, Tara, come to ISI and sunny LA (both of which we've been enjoying lots!) from more climactically challenged Boston. I've spent my undergrad and grad years there, at MIT, getting bachelor's degrees in Math and EECS and an M.Eng and a Ph.D. in EECS (AI)—the latter with a 2-year interlude to found and run aQuery, a company that did a lot of research in document understanding and presentation of search results in a navigable fashion. Originally, I'm from snowy St. Petersburg, Russia (and yes, still fairly fluent in that complex but phonetic language). My high school years were spent in equally snowy Minneapolis, Minnesota, where I was chasing International Math Olympiad glory (with some success). Some of the interactive systems I've built can be found at: http://teach-computers.org and http://www.ai-games.org/paraphrase. html KRISTIN GHENT [email protected] My name is Kristin Ghent, and I just finished my freshman year at Brigham Young University in Provo, UT. I am majoring in exercise physiology and hope to become a physical therapist. My family lives in Manhattan Beach, and that is Page 4 currently where I am living for the summer. I love any kind of sport involving a board, but my passions are snowboarding and wakeboarding. I have come to ISD to help the administrative staff and anyone else who needs me, so make sure to stop by if you need anything! Tim Chklovski Room 924 DIMITRA PAPACHRISTOU [email protected] Where should I start? Let’s start with “Geia sou! Me lene Dimitra. Eimai ellinida.” I grew up in the country of “Hallo! Ich heisse Dimitra. Ich bin Griechin.” The study abroad program brought me one year to "Ciao. Mi chiamo Dimitra. Sono greca." In 1998, I received my MS degree in Computer Science, and after five years of developing intelligent software systems for planning processes at airlines and airports, I arrived in time to work together with Lewis Johnson on the Tactical Language Project, where "MarHaba. Ismi Dimitra. Ana yunâniye," will be part of my work. Oh, did I mention: "Hello. I am Dimitra. I am Greek." Kristin Ghent Room 905 IGNACIO THAYER [email protected] I just completed my M.S. in Computer Science at UCLA. Before that, I received my B.S. from Carnegie Mellon University. At UCLA my thesis research had to do with methods for multiple sequence alignment. Here at ISI, I am excited to be working with Daniel Marcu and Kevin Knight on the ReWrite project. I was born in Rio, but I am not Brazilian—my family is from Chile and Panama. I speak Spanish and welcome the opportunity to practice it. I do like to get away from the computer occasionally. I like to hike, backpack, travel, snowboard, lift weights, run, bike and paint. I am also picking up surfing and kitesurfing. If anyone is ever up for any of the above, let me know! I also read a lot, mainly history and non-fiction, but also the occasional novel. Dimitra Papachristou Room 921 Ignacio Thayer Room 711 Hindi in a Month: Rapid Development of Natural Language Processing Tools for New Languages By Ulrich Germann A fool is he who never climbs Mt. Fuji. A fool is he who climbs it twice. – Japanese proverb Throughout the month of June, members of ISI's Natural Language Group were busy crunching a new challenge: developing Natural Language Processing tools for Hindi. This effort was part of a multi-site exercise sponsored by the DARPA TIDES program, which funds much of the Natural Language Group’s research. The basic idea was this: One of the objectives of the TIDES program is to foster research that leads to tools that can be easily adapted to new languages. But except for a small-scale experiment on Tamil-English machine translation (MT) in 2000/2001, and a ten-day dry-run on Cebuano in March of this year (to figure out procedural issues), no one had ever tested how much can really be accomplished in one month. It was time for the real test. DARPA TIDES program manager Charles Wayne picked a language from a list compiled by the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) that ranks languages according to the amount of language resources found by LDC in a preliminary study. On June 1, he announced his choice, and the race was on. Evaluation data became available on June 27, and system output for evaluation was due on June 30. At ISI, we decided to focus on three aspects of the task: machine translation, summarization, and an information processing interface that provides state-of-the-art data space navigation and multidocument summarization. In addition, we would run a small-scale translation “sweatshop” to build a small, high-quality parallel corpus required for training our MT system and to monitor MT progress, as more and more parallel data would become available during the course of the exercise. Our data creation effort resulted in a parallel corpus of about 1000 Hindi-English sentence pairs. (Continued on page 6) ISI’s New Center for Research on Unexpected Events (CRUE) By Yigal Arens Homeland security is one of the greatest challenges facing the United States today. In the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, our nation is redirecting immense resources towards improving our ability to respond to and recover from terrorist attacks. Government agencies already have significant mechanisms in place for managing a wide range of natural and manmade disasters. However, the kinds of events being contemplated now are different. Severe new problems arise when an event occurs that is completely unexpected: when it is so rare and damaging that it outstrips preparations, plans, and human and material resources. To address these new challenges, ISI established last September the Center for Research on Unexpected Events (CRUE). CRUE is an applied research center with the mission of building on revolutionary developments in information technology to transform the nation’s ability to respond to unexpected events. What distinguishes CRUE’s focus from more common emergency response is that CRUE concentrates on high-impact events that are unplanned for, or that outstrip existing preparations and plans. Such events are rare, but are bound to occur. While by definition it is not possible to have detailed preparations for them, CRUE emphasizes work on policies, general resources and support technologies that will apply in any extreme eventuality. An insightful fortune found in a cookie CRUE builds on ISI’s extensive relevant body of research in information technology, as well as on contacts with social scientists and engineers elsewhere at USC and at other institutions. CRUE will also build on collaborations with government agencies and first responders. Researchers from ISI and other institutions working together under CRUE have recently submitted a variety of proposals for homeland security- related research. Topics proposed were as diverse as vehicle monitoring, reasoning and link discovery, emergency evacuation of urban regions, computer network security, decision-making environments, sensor networks, and delivery of education and training relevant to homeland security. CRUE has been working with US government agencies and officials to create an understanding of the research issues underlying handling unexpected events and the mechanisms for conducting such work. In February 2002 at NSF’s request, Paul Rosenbloom and I organized a workshop on “Responding to the Unexpected.” CRUE was recently involved in organizing a follow-up workshop to further identify the scope and possible modalities for a national research program on the subject. CRUE is currently headed by me with the collaboration of John Damoulakis from ISI East. Paul Rosenbloom has been working very closely with us. When Paul Cohen joins us in September (see announcement on page 15), he will take over the leadership of CRUE. I will continue working with Paul on CRUE at least initially. Volume 8, Issue 3 The InSiDer Hindi in a Month, continued The tool lets you open individual documents in the original Hindi, or the machinetranslated version of it. When you click on a sphere or the document entry in one of the side bars, the sphere or the document entry and its counterpart are highlighted, so that you know which document corresponds to which sphere and vice versa. tions back to the submitter, and through a TCP socket that could be accessed by other programs. Obviously, machine translation plays a pivotal role in multilingual information processing. At some point, you have to cross the language boundaries, no matter in which language you search, summarize, cluster, or process otherwise. Within the surprise language exercise, ISI took on the pivotal role of providing MT to the rest of the community. We provided bulk translations of large document collections to other participating sites (most notably the University of Maryland) and offered MT as a service via the web, both through a web submission form and a TCP socket. Two outside systems, Hindi question answering at New York University, and Breck Baldwin's aliasi, a company working on crossdocument co-reference, made use of tems were available as soon as they had been built, through both a web As for MT, we had the first system for interface that would mail the translaHindi “up and running” in less than 24 hours after the language had been Each sphere represents one document. announced. Not that The distance between the spheres reHindi translations of English it was of much flects their similarity or dissimilarity. search terms (from dictionary). use — it could only Query can be in English or in Hindi. translate the bible, since all the training data we had was the bible, and the version of the Hindi biDocument clusters. ble that we had comes in an encoding that is used for the bible and nothing but the bible. Nevertheless, it proved the point: Give us the data, and we'll have MT ready for you in less than a day (or two or three, if you give us lots of data). As more and more parallel data became available throughout June, we continued to build new and improved versions of the MT system. AlCluster labels created on the fly using Liang Zhou’s multidocument most all of our sys(Continued from page 5) headline generation. Page 6 Hindi in a Month, continued this socket to include ISI MT in their Hindi demo systems. Franz Och as our local MT czar, Rahul Bhagat as the tireless data shuffler (who kept feeding the system with new data), and Lei Ding as the author of the MT web interface deserve special recognition for their contributions to this success. In the area of summarization, ChinYew Lin adapted Infosqueeze's single-document summarization engine to handle Hindi and then plugged in ISI MT to provide English versions of the Hindi summaries (Infosqueeze. com is a company co-founded by Eduard Hovy and Chin-Yew Lin). Liang Zhou put together multidocument headline generation (which, in a nutshell, puts labels on document clusters to give you a rough idea of what they are about) for both Hindi and English. Finally, Anton Leuski integrated Liang's headline generation into his document clustering and document space navigation tool, Lighthouse, and integrated Lighthouse with iNeATS (a joint work by Anton Leuski, Chin-Yew-Lin and Eduard Hovy). The graphics in this article show the tool in action. single web site uses its own, idiosyncratic encoding scheme, so getting the data wasn't enough — it also needed to be standardized. We tried to stay out of that mess as much as possible and left it to other sites to tackle the problem. In spite of the problems, after one month, people were able to retrieve, translate, and summarize Hindi documents into English. This was absolutely unthinkable five years ago. Josef Och, Deepak Ravichandran, and Liang Zhou. Special thanks to Doug Oard, who, as University of Maryland's envoy to ISI, turned out to be the driving force behind much that went on at ISI during this exercise. His insistence that we make available to others whatever we produced sooner rather than later helped position ISI in a prominent position during the exercise. The following people at ISI were involved in the surprise language exercise: Rahul Bhagat, Tara Chklovski, Lei Ding, Ulrich Germann, Eduard Hovy, Ashish Jain, Kevin Knight, Anton Leuski, Chin-Yew Lin, Daniel Marcu, Linda Mizushima, Kiran Meduri, Anish Nair, Doug Oard, Franz You can adjust summarization parameters (length of summary, number of sentences per document considered, etc.). Multidocument summary via sentence extraction. Sentences are ordered chronologically (based on document time stamp). The source document of each sentence is indicated by the choice of colors (cf. the thumbnails on the bottom left). Automatically created subtopics (topic signatures) let you tune the multidocument summary to your specific interest. The summary is regenerated on the fly. The single-document pane. Clicking on a sentence in the multi-document summary displays the corresponding document in this pane. The intensity of the print reflects the relative importance of the text. Important sentences stick out, unimportant ones fade away. The relevance threshold can be adjusted dynamically with the slider on the top of the pane. All in all, the surprise language experiment gave us an incentive to put together various components that we developed at ISI over the past years and to get them to work with one another. So what were the challenges, and what did we accomplish in this month? The good news is that we accomplished many of our objectives. We were able to adapt both our MT and our summarization technology quickly to handle Hindi, and based on our experience with Hindi, plugging in new languages won't be much of a challenge. The big drawback, in particular with respect to MT, is the dependence on good, parallel data. Obtaining such data is a tedious and fairly boring process, and the Hindi exercise has shown that again (like we already saw in French, Chinese, Arabic, Tamil, and Cebuano). In the case of Hindi, the situation is even worse than what we encountered with other languages. Almost every Locations mentioned in the text, as identified via a third-party component, the BBN IdentiFinder, are plotted on a map with another third-party component, Geotools. The histograms to the left of the location name reflect on the term occurrences in the various documents Volume 8, Issue 3 The InSiDer Beata Beigman-Klebanov Mattijs Ghijsen Summer Faces BEATA BEIGMAN-KLEBANOV [email protected] Room 948 EDWARD KIM [email protected] Room 959 Shalom to you all out there! I'm a 2nd year Ph.D. student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, having come here for the summer to work with Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu on a project related to question answering. Summer internships are a great way of meeting people with similar professional interests and working together, and it's been fun so far! Hi, my name is Edward, and I’m currently an undergrad at USC. I am a senior, majoring in computer science and will be graduating next spring, in 2004. I'm currently working on the DOCKER system at ISI, and my general task is to improve and build upon the current system that we have running. When I'm not at work, I usually spend my time writing, playing sports or volunteering my time to church, and of course spend time with friends too! :) I'm always open to make new friends or meet new people, so feel free to drop by my office or say hi if you see me pass by. MATTIJS GHIJSEN [email protected] Room 950 Matthew Ho Mark Hopkins I am a summer student from the University of Twente (the Netherlands). I am working with Lewis Johnson on the Social Intelligence project, and my main task is to work on polite language generation. Since I first learned about embodied conversational agents, I have been fascinated by them. Actually, the first example I saw was STEVE, so when I later got the opportunity to spend the summer here at ISI, I didn’t have to think twice. Now I am halfway through the internship, and until now it has been a really great experience for me. MATTHEW HO [email protected] Room 943 Edward Kim John Lee Anish Nair Tatsuya Oiye Page 8 JOHN LEE [email protected] Room 948 John Lee is a graduate student in the Spoken Language Systems group at MIT. He is spending this summer with Tim Chklovski and Yolanda Gil in the Interactive Knowledge Capture group, working on the natural language processing aspects of the Trellis project. ANISH NAIR [email protected] Room 958 I'm Matthew Ho, currently a graduate student at USC, and am working here for Craig Knoblock on a project that simulates train movement by retrieving and integrating information from the Web. I look forward to knowing more people from ISD, and if you are interested in Hong Kong or my project here, feel free to talk to me. I'm in the Master's program in Computer Science at USC. I came to ISI this summer from down the street (ICT), where I was working on language representations of commonsense concepts. I'll be dealing with natural language problems like decipherment, dialog, etc. with Kevin Knight. Research interests include machine translation, corpus linguistics and knowledge representation. MARK HOPKINS [email protected] Room 962 TATSUYA OIYE [email protected] Room 949 Mark Hopkins is visiting ISI this summer as a research assistant, working with Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu on syntactic approaches to machine translation. Mark has just completed the third year of the Ph.D. program in computer science at UCLA under the advising of Professor Judea Pearl. His research focuses on causal and probabilistic representation and reasoning. I am a senior Computer Science major at Harvey Mudd College, specializing in Software Development and Graphics. I am working at ISI under Professor Johnson on the Tactical Language Project, as a level designer and interface developer. I like anime and to Lindy Hop in my free time. NISHIT RATHOD [email protected] Room 960 KEITH STEVENS [email protected] Room 949 I'm Nishit Rathod, a student at USC, completing an MS in Computer Science. The funny part is that I started with a focus on Computer Networks (soon I'll be switching to general CS), having taken two Systems courses in my first semester (Fall 2002). But things changed when I sat in for a CSCI 562 class (Kevin's course) in the Spring. I was fascinated and started working with Kevin on a Decipherment project and have been working on it since. Automatic Character-Code Conversion is what we are working on right now. I am working for the summer with Dr. Lewis Johnson on the Tactical Language project. I'll be working with Tatsuya Oiye to modify the Unreal Tournament 2003 game engine to create a tactical language training scenario. I am an undergraduate Computer Science major at Harvey Mudd College. SID SHAW [email protected] Room 951 Hi, my name is Lara Taylor. I'm here for the summer, working with Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu on modeling discourse coherence. I'm visiting here from UC-San Diego, where I'm working on my Ph.D. in the linguistics department. You can find out more about me by visiting my website at http://ling.ucsd.edu/~ltaylor. Hi there! This is Siddharth (Sid) Shaw. I am a graduate student studying Computer Science (Software Engineering and AI) at the University of Southern California (USC). I also did my bachelors at USC in Computer Engineering and Computer Science. I was born and bought up in Kuwait and hence the love for Soccer. Apart from soccer, school and work, I can usually be found near happy hours or some Unreal Tournament server or both. I have worked for several corporate companies during my undergrad years and have to admit that I am very impressed by the work atmosphere at ISI. The fine location doesn’t hurt either. At ISI, I am working for Yolanda Gil and Jihie Kim in the iKnowledge-Capture group. I can be found in 951, so feel free to drop by for some soccer news, happy hour hang outs, gulf war stories, information about CS at USC, gaming or just information about my project and what I’m doing at ISI. VON-WUN SOO [email protected] Room 950 Hi! my name is Von-Wun Soo. I am a professor from National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. I am working with Lewis Johnson on Intelligent Agents. I brought my family (my wife and three kids) with me for the summer. Perhaps I should spend more time with them at Disneyland, Universal Studios, the beaches, etc. rather than staying at ISI. LARA TAYLOR [email protected] Room 948 Nishit Rathod Sid Shaw Von-Wun Soo DAN WU [email protected] Room 951 I am pursuing my Ph.D. degree at the University of Maryland, College Park. I am here at ISI for a 3-month internship. Here at ISI, I am working with Jim Blythe on task composition in the computational grid environment. This topic is very interesting and is very related to my Ph.D. work. FAN YANG [email protected] Room 949 Happy to be in Los Angeles. I am a second-year Ph.D. student in the Oregon Graduate Institute at the Oregon Health & Science University. I am here as a summer student working with Prof. Lewis Johnson on the ESPEECH project. My research interests include speech and language processing (http://www.cse.ogi.edu/ ~yangf). Keith Stevens Lara Taylor Dan Wu RONGGANG YU [email protected] Room 951 I'm a Ph.D. student at the University of Texas at Austin, and came here to do a summer internship. My research advisors are Jim Blythe and Yolanda Gil. My project is about investigating applications of planning and knowledge representation for the computational Grid. Fan Yang Ronggang Yu Volume 8, Issue 3 The InSiDer Where in ISD??? Fun in the Sun! The weather is heating up, and ISDers are dreaming of the beach. Have you seen these summery items floating around the offices here at ISI? See if you can figure out where you’ve seen these. Stumped? The answers are on page 16. Page 10 Object 1 Object 2 Object 3 Object 4 Research Contracts in ISD •Congratulations to Ed Hovy, who received an NSF contract for his project, titled, “A Testbed for eRulemaking Data” (eRule-BEER). When Congress passes a law, that's only the beginning. Government personnel in the appropriate agency write a collection of rules (called Regulations) to spell out the law's details as specifically as needs to be. This process takes a lot of time and expertise. Also, it takes input from the country: during the regulation writing process, by law, the writers have to make available the draft and have to read each comment that is returned to them by the US citizenry (whether it's an email message from a pressure group of thousands, or a thousandpage book from a large corporation with an interest). The funded contract is to perform a small amount of research to explore the feasibility of using Natural Language technology to help at various stages of the rule-writing process: to find relevant information and other rules, to classify and summarize people's comments, and to collect and record the effects of the rules (court cases, subsequent laws, etc.). This project is joint with language technology researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and social science/policy researchers at Drake and San Francisco Universities. •Congratulations to Yigal Arens, who received an NSF contract for his project, titled, “Digital Government Community Building and Outreach” (DGO2). This grant is for a continuation of previous community building and outreach work that ISI has been doing on behalf of the NSF's Digital Government Program. The new grant supports building a new website and online toolset for the growing nationwide digital government r e s e a r c h c o m m u n it y a t w w w . digitalgovernment.org; publishing the monthly dgOnline newsletter; retooling ISI's Digital Government Research Center's website; and organizing the 2003 annual National Conference on Digital Government Research, including handling publicity, organizational communication and print and multimedia publications for it. •Congratulations to Lewis Johnson, who received an ONR contract for his project, titled, “Rapid Development of Mission-Oriented Communication Skills” (RapidLang). The objective of this project is to develop tools to support individualized language learning, and to apply them to the acquisition of tactical languages: subsets of linguistic, gestural, and cultural knowledge and skills necessary to accomplish specific missions. In order to maximize learner motivation and give learners effective practice opportunities, learners will practice on acquiring vocabulary items and recognizing gestures and then apply them in simulated missions, where they interact with avatars and virtual characters. The training system enables learners to communicate directly with on-screen characters using a speech input interface. Our objective is to make the toolset easily applied to new tactical languages, missions, and training contexts. Our first target language is Levantine Arabic. •Congratulations to Stefan Decker, who received a DARPA contract for his project, titled, “Enabling Intelligent Agents on the Web” (OnTo-Agents). The goal of OnTo-Agents is to establish an agent infrastructure for the Semantic Web, based on metadata and ontology standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Ontoagents will develop scalable storing, querying, and reasoning infrastructure for DAML+OIL/OWL ontologies, reasoning techniques for handling multiple modeling languages (like ER, UML, TopicMaps), components for ontology based service discovery for Semantic Web services, and tools for the creation of annotation of services. The project is a collaboration between ISI, Stanford University and the University of Karlsruhe. ISD Publications Timothy Chklovski. "Learner: A System for Acquiring Commonsense Knowledge by Analogy." Second International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP) (To appear 2003). “Exploiting a Search Engine to Develop More Flexible Web Agents.” Proceedings of IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2003) (To appear 2003). Timothy Chklovski and Rada Mihalcea. "Exploiting Agreement and Disagreement of Human Annotators for Wor d Sens e D isa m big ua tion ." Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP) (To appear 2003). Mike Pool, Ken Murray, Julie Fitzgerald, Mala Mehrotra, Robert Schrag, Jim Blythe, Jihie Kim, Hans Chalupsky, Pierluigi Miraglia, Thomas Russ & Dave Schneider. “Evaluating SME-Authored COA Critiquing Knowledge.” Second International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP) (To appear 2003). Shou-de Lin and Craig Knoblock. Come One! Come All! THE ISD RETREAT Our bi-annual ISD retreat is quickly approaching! It will be held November 6 & 7, 2003 at the Lake Arrowhead Resort. Contact Wei-Min Shen or Ulf Hermjakob with any comments or suggestions. http://ai.isi.edu/retreat Volume 8, Issue 3 The InSiDer Tactical Language Training Project By Lewis Johnson Military and civilian personnel are frequently assigned missions that require them to communicate effectively with speakers of other languages. They, thus, require knowledge of the local culture, language and norms of faceto-face communication. Machine translation tools can help, but are not a substitute for knowledge of culture and language. Unfortunately, adult learners often find it difficult to acquire even a rudimentary working knowledge of a foreign language. The ability of a learner to master these skills depends on their individual background, aptitude and motivation. The objective of this project is to develop tools to support individualized language learning and to apply them to the acquisition of tactical lan- guages: subsets of linguistic, gestural and cultural knowledge and skills necessary to accomplish specific missions. In order to maximize learner motivation and to give learners effective practice opportunities, learners will practice acquiring vocabulary items and recognizing gestures and then apply them in simulated missions, where they interact with avatars and virtual characters. The training system enables learners to communicate directly with on-screen characters using a speech input interface. Our objective is to make the toolset easily applicable to new tactical languages, missions and training contexts. matically based on learner performance. Our planned technical solution includes the following components: ● Tools for training natural language processing tools rapidly on new tactical languages, from example scenarios. ● A computer-based language training system for multiple Middle Eastern languages, employing pedagogical agents, virtual humans, and game elements. ● An authoring tool that facilitates the creation of specialized language exercises and curricula, sequenced auto- ● Techniques for immediate detection of speaker dysfluencies and other problems requiring feedback and remediation. ● Tools for tracking learner focus of attention, fatigue, and effort, employing vision techniques, and for inferring learner motivation. ● Software for managing interactive mission scenarios, and for controlling the behavior of animated characters within those scenarios, in order to promote learning goals. This work is a collaboration between CARTE, the Natural Language Group, speech and vision researchers at ISI and on campus, and language learning tool developers at Micro Analysis and Design. Invited Talks Speaker: Lewis Johnson Invited talk at: AAMAS 2003 (The Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems) practical value in promoting learner motivation and engagement. Finally I will discuss efforts to enable agents to act in a dramatic sense—to portray roles and to convey emotion. This is an essential part of human social interaction, which often involves the portrayal of roles. And the application of theatrical principles to agent behavior results in agent behavior that is more consistent and understandable, and user experiences that are more engaging. Title: Synthetic Agents as Social Actors Abstract: Social psychologists such as Reeves and Nass have argued that people tend to relate to media much as they relate to human beings. Animated synthetic agents have been developed to exploit this tendency. Such agents raise expectations that they can function as social actors—able to engage in social interactions with people and other agents. This presentation will describe efforts at enabling synthetic agents, particularly pedagogical agents, to interact in a manner that is sensitive to social expectations and conventions. The social intelligence that this requires is of Page 12 Speaker: Lewis Johnson Invited talk at: AIEd 2003 (The International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education) Lewis has been asked to give an invited talk at AIEd 2003, in part to honor Jeff Rickel and in part to talk about other research at CARTE. ISD Journal Publications (2002–03) Jafar Adibi & Christos Faloutsos. "Workshop Report: Fractal Dimensions and Self-Similarity in Data Mining: Current Techniques and Future Challenges." SIGKDD Explorations 4.2 (2002): 115117. David N. Allsopp, Patrick Beautement, Michael Kirton, Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, Niranjan Suri, Edmund H. Durfee, Craig A. Knoblock, Austin Tate & Craig W. Thompson. “Coalition agents experiment: Multiagent cooperation in international coalitions.” IEEE Intelligent Systems 17.3 (2002): 26-35. Yaser Al-Onaizan, Ulrich Germann, Ulf Hermjakob, Kevin Knight, Philipp Koehn, Daniel Marcu & Kenji Yamada. "Translation with Scarce Bilingual Resources." Machine Translation (2003). Jill Burstein & Daniel Marcu. “A Machine Learning Approach for Identification Thesis and Conclusion Statements in Student Essays.” Computers and the Humanities (Chum) (To appear 2003). Jill Burstein, Daniel Marcu, and Kevin Knight. "Finding the WRITE Stuff: Automatic Identification of Discourse Structure in Student Essays." IEEE Intelligent Systems 18.1 (2003): 32-39. Geraldine Clarebout, Jan Elen, W. Lewis Johnson & Erin Shaw. “Pedagogical agents: an opportunity to be grasped?” Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 11.3 (2002): 267-286. Ewa Deelman, Jim Blythe, Yolanda Gil, Carl Kesselman, Gaurang Mehta, Karan Vahi, Albert Lazzarini, Adam Arbree, Richard Cavanaugh & Scott Koranda. “Mapping Abstract Complex Workflows onto Grid Environments” Journal of Grid Computing 1.1 (To appear 2003). Maged Dessouky, Jeff Rickel, & Narayanan Sadagopan. “An Agent-based Learning Approach for Teaching the Relationship Between Lot Size and Cycle Time.” INFORMS Transactions on Education 3.1 (2002). mada. "Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation." Artificial Intelligence (To appear 2003). nance: A Machine Learning Approach.” Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR) 18 (2003): 149-181. Jonathan Gratch & Stacy Marsella. “Fight the Way You Train: The Role and Limits of Emotions in Training for Combat .” Brown Journal of World Affairs 10.1 (2003): 63-75. Ranjit Nair, Milind Tambe, Stacy Marsella & Taylor Raines. "Automated Assistants to Analyze Team Behavior." Journal of Automated Agents and Multiagent Systems (To appear 2003). Jonathan Gratch, Jeff Rickel, Elisabeth Andre, Norman Badler, Justine Cassell & Eric Petajan. “Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required.” IEEE Intelligent Systems 17.4 (2002): 54-63. Franz Josef Och & Hermann Ney. "A Systematic Cmparison of Various Statistical Alignment Models." Computational Linguistics 29.1 (2003): 19-51. Jerry Hobbs. "Information Extraction from Biomedical Text." Journal of Biomedical Informatics (To appear). Jerry Hobbs and Srini Narayanan. "Spatial Representation and Reasoning." Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (2002). Eduard Hovy. “Using an Ontology to Simplify Data Access.” Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (CACM) (January 2003). Eduard Hovy, Maghi King & Andrei Popescu-Belis. “Customizing Machine Translation Evaluation.” Machine Translation (To appear 2003). Gal Kaminka, David Pynadath & Milind Tambe. "Monitoring Teams by Overhearing: A Multi-Agent PlanRecognition Approach." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR) 17 (2002): 83-135. Kevin Knight & Daniel Marcu. "Summarization Beyond Sentence Extraction: A Probabilistic Approach to Sentence Compression." Artificial Intelligence 139.1 (2002): 91-107. Latifur Khan, Dennis McLeod & Eduard Hovy. "Retrieval Effectiveness of an Ontology-Based Model for Information Selection." Journal for Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) (To appear). Aram Galstyan & Kristina Lerman. “Adaptive Boolean Networks and Minority Games with Time-Dependent Capacities.'' Physical Review E 66 (2002): 015103. Kristina Lerman & Aram Galstyan. “Mathematical Model of Foraging in a Group of Robots: Effect of Interference.” Autonomous Robots 13.2 (2002): 127141. Ulrich Germann, Michael Jahr, Kevin Knight, Daniel Marcu & Kenji Ya- Kristina Lerman, Steven Minton & Craig Knoblock. “Wrapper Mainte- David Pynadath & Milind Tambe. "The Communicative Multiagent Team Decision Problem: Analyzing Teamwork Theories and Models." Journal of Artificial Intelligent Research (JAIR) 16 (2003): 389-423. Jeff Rickel, Stacy Marsella, Jonathan Gratch, Randy Hill, David Traum & Bill Swartout. “Toward a New Generation of Virtual Humans for Interactive Experiences.” IEEE Intelligent Systems 17.4 (2002): 32-38. Paul Scerri, David Pynadath & Milind Tambe. "Towards Adjustable Autonomy for the Real World." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR) 17 (2003): 171-228. Wei-Min Shen, Behnam Salemi & Peter Will. “Hormone-Inspired Ad-aptive Communication and Distributed Control for CONRO Self-Reconfigurable Robots.” IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 18.5 (2002): 700-712. Wei-Min Shen, Peter Will & Berok Khoshnevis. “Autonomous Docking in Self-Reconfigurable Robots.” IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics (To appear 2003). Wei-Min Shen & Mark Yim. “SelfReconfigurable Robots.” IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics 7.4 (2002): 401402. Kasper Stoy, Wei-Min Shen & Peter Will. “Using Role-Based Control to Produce Locomotion in Chain-type SelfReconfigurable Robots.” IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics 7.4 (2002): 410417. Volume 8, Issue 3 The InSiDer Questions for Herb Schorr, Executive Director of ISI A Conversation with Graduate Student Jay Modi ing for me, which is hard to do. I still haven't quite figured out what happened there. I think it was because the guy I worked for was a lousy manager. Jay: Is that why you decided to focus your career on research management instead of staying in academia? Herb: I was always interested in systems. Back then, and still today, that was not the easiest way to get tenure. You needed to write four papers a year, and I was doing that, but not on the topics I liked. So I guess one piece of advice would Jay Modi with Herb Schorr. Jay was awarded a be to make sure to Meritous Service Award in June, for his dedicated get your teeth into work as the organizer of the AI-Grads Group. something you really like and have talent Jay: Many of the people here at ISI for. That's a rather trivial piece of adhave probably never met you. Would vice, but important. you like to take this opportunity to say anything? Jay: Perhaps arguably one of your greatest accomplishments was as one Herb: I've met almost all the permaof the fathers of the RISC computer nent staff. That’s one thing I do religarchitecture. Could you tell me more iously. My feeling about the proper about how that came about? way to run a research institution is that you don't want layoffs. It’s bad Herb: The RISC architecture was defor morale. So I want to meet everyveloped at IBM between 1965 and one, make sure they are good for the 1968. Again, it happened very quickly institution. once I came to IBM that I started having people work for me, and I beJay: You've had a long and very succame the manager of the RISC cessful career: Ph.D. in Electrical Enarchitecture. While at Yorktown, I gineering from Princeton, Postdocwrote the principles of architecture toral Fellow at Cambridge University, manual, and then I ran the ArchitecAssistant Professor at Columbia Uniture Department and later, Architecversity, Vice President of Research at ture and Programming. During that IBM and now Executive Director of time, I co-invented a lot of the RISC, ISI. What has been the key to your but once I understood it and the prinsuccess? ciples behind it, that was it. John Cocke, a very brilliant guy, spent the Herb: So one talent I seem to have rest of his life working on it because is a talent for research management. it was one of his interests, but my My senior year in college on my way mind couldn't do it. It would be a to graduate school I went to work for bore. I like new things. That can be ITT laboratories, and by the end of good and bad. the summer, I had ten people work- Page 14 Jay: What else have you done in research? Herb: During my year at Cambridge I co-invented Schorr-Waite-Deutsch, the fastest known algorithm for garbage collection, at least according to Knuth. But I found I liked to work on multiple things at once, multi-task. I'm more productive that way. So, rather quickly I got out of research... although I did do research at IBM. Jay: When is the last time you wrote a line of code? Herb: About 40 years. Jay: Executive Director of ISI seems like an important but mysterious job. So what is the job of Executive Director? Herb: My job is to worry about the Institute as a whole in terms of what areas we should be getting into that fall between the cracks of the divisions. When I got here, there were a lot of missing skills in the broad systems area, and I've been slowly filling them over the years. The point of that is we can then begin going after the research contracts in those areas. For example, we just hired Paul Cohen to augment our Homeland Security area. So, I make a lot of decisions like that. Jay: What do you do on a daily basis? Herb: What does my day really consist of? I have meetings about new projects, I make decisions on personnel, salary and financial issues. I now have duties on main campus with Distance Education and the High Performance Computing Center, so I get updates, make decisions and set strategic directions for those. I also have ceremonial duties. For example, Microsoft comes to visit, and somebody has to tell them about USC and ISI. That requires putting together overview presentations of ISI. I attend conferences, read papers and books in areas I think might be possible new areas for ISI. I also often have lunch meetings with members of ISI to stay in touch. Jay: Do you usually go out for lunch? Interview with Herb Schorr, continued Herb: Yes. Although eating in would be better for maintaining my boyish figure. Jay: What is your favorite restaurant for lunch around ISI? Herb: None of the above. There is nothing really worthy of mention. We could do with a good Indian restaurant around here, though. Jay: What’s your favorite type of music? Hip-hop? Herb: No, mostly classical music. I guess it’s a generation gap. Although I knew Madonna before she was Madonna...how's that? My wife and I were art collectors, and there was this graffiti artist named Jean-Michel Basquiat. We were his earliest, first and largest collector, while he was alive. He dated Madonna, so I used to party with Madonna. I also knew other interesting people like Andy Warhol and the beat poets Allen Ginsberg and William Burroughs. Jay: No kidding, who would have guessed? How old are you? Herb: 67. Congrats and Good Luck Jay! Jay: How long do you plan to stay at ISI? Herb: Until they kick me out or wheel me out on a stretcher. Jay Modi received an ISI Meritorious Service Award for his work during his years here with the AI-Grads, the group of CS GRAs supported by ISD. AI–Grads Website! Jay planned outings for the AI-Grads, created a group web page and e-mail list, coordinated group activities at division retreats, set up research reading groups, and wrote articles about the AI-Grads for The InSiDer. http://www.isi.edu/isd/ai-grads E-mail Deepak Ravichandran <[email protected]> with any comments or suggestions. Every grad student should be included, so if you don’t see yourself on the list, email Deepak, so he knows you’re here! Jay engaged in these activities on his own time, because he wanted to give ISD graduate students a voice and bring ISD closer together. He succeeded. As a result of his efforts, ISD is a more hospitable place for students, they are better represented in division affairs, and they are better informed about activities in ISD and in ISI, in general. Jay will be graduating soon, and he will be missed. Deepak Ravichandran will be taking over the AI-Grads group when Jay leaves. New Additions to ISD ●We're happy to announce that Paul Cohen will be joining ISD in September! Paul is currently Professor of Computer Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, where he has been for the past 20 years. He is a Fellow of the AAAI. When Paul joins ISI he will serve as Deputy Director of our division, in addition to Ed Hovy, and will take over as Director of the Center for Research on Unexpected Events (CRUE). Paul's Ph.D. is from Stanford University in Computer Science and Psychology (1983); his MS and BA degrees in Psychology are from UCLA and UC San Diego, respectively. At U. Mass, Paul directed the Experimental Knowledge Systems Laboratory. Paul’s projects include Capture the Flag, a wargaming environment; and the Robot Baby project, in which a robot learns representations and their meanings sufficient for natural language and planning. Time is a central theme in Paul's work: Sequences and series are interesting, algorithmically; much of what we know about the world is learned by observing dynamics; and linguistic con- structs such as manner seem to be rooted in the way situations change. Paul believes that AI has been statebased for too long and that it is time to attend to dynamics. Paul also lectures and writes on empirical methodology. He wrote "Empirical Methods for Artificial Intelligence," a textbook published by MIT Press in 1995. Other books include Volumes III and IV of "The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence" with Edward A. Feigenbaum and Avron B. Barr; and "Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis" with Xiaohui Liu. Paul has published more than 100 articles on various aspects of Artificial Intelligence. ●Carole Beal will be joining CARTE in September, working with Lewis Johnson on integrating animated pedagogical agents into adaptive teaching systems and developing K-12 education initiatives. Carole is on leave from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst where she has been designing and evaluating intelligent tutoring systems for K-12 mathematics. Her current project, sup- ported by the National Science Foundation, is Wayang Outpost, a web-based intelligent tutor that integrates high school math and environmental biology. The Wayang site represents a fictitious research station in Borneo, populated by characters based on actual researchers and scientists who study endangered species and environmental threats. Students who work with Wayang receive tutoring in SAT-level math problems via animated Flash movie files that are individually customized in real time to enhance learning. Transfer of learning is assessed through performance on multi-step, challenging math problems integrated into Flash movie "adventures" involving a specific environmental threat (e.g., illegal logging of the rainforest) and led by a scientist character. Evaluation studies in two school districts in Spring 2003 showed that students who worked with Wayang significantly improved their scores on a mock SAT Math exam. Volume 8, Issue 3 ISD Tidbits ●Congratulations to Greg Barish for successfully defending his Ph.D. thesis. Greg is still interviewing and doesn’t know what to do with his life yet. ●Tim Chklovski is co-organizing a workshop in conjunction with K-CAP 2003, Distributed and Collaborative Knowledge Capture (DC-KCAP). For more information on the workshop, visit: http://www.isi.edu/~timc/dc-kcap/ index.html ●Farewell to Abdessamad Echihabi, who returned to Morocco after working at ISI for a year and completing a Masters degree at USC on a Fulbright Scholarship. You can reach Abdessamad at [email protected]. Carl Kesselman and Lewis Johnson at the World Technology Award Gala. Carl was a finalist in the Software category. ●Congratulations to Lewis Johnson, who was nominated for a World Technology Network Award in the field of Education. The World Technology Awards are presented each year to the outstanding innovators from each sector within the technology arena. ●Congratulations to Chin-Yew Lin, who recently added to his family! Chin-Yew’s son, Daniel, was born on April 11, and weighed in at 8.2 lbs and 22 inches! Mother, father and son are all happy and doing well. ●Congratulations Kristina Lerman, who was promoted to Project Leader status, effective July 1! Stacy Marsella and David Traum, after winning their award at AAMAS. ●Congratulations to Jay Modi, who recently successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis . Jay will be at ISI until end of July. In the fall, He’s going to Pittsburgh for a PostDoctoral Fellowship at Carnegie Mellon University and will be working with Maneula Veloso there. ●Ion Muslea has left ISI and joined the Representation and Reasoning Group at SRI International, where he’ll be working on learning procedural knowledge and on the EPCA's (Enduring Personalized Cognitive Agent) learning thrust at SRI. You can still reach Ion at his ISI email until September. ●Congratulations Behnam Salemi! Behnam successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis in June and is currently finishing up his thesis writing and looking for a job. He will be leaving ISI by the end of summer. After that, you can reach him at [email protected]. The InSiDer A Quarterly Publication of the Intelligent Systems Division Chin-Yew’s new baby, Daniel. ●Congratulations Stacy Marsella and Jeff Rickel! The paper Negotiations over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training by David Traum, Jeff Rickel, Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella received the Best Innovative System/Application Paper Award at the AAMAS 2003 conference in Melbourne. http://www.isi.edu/~d3admin/insideronline Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way #1001 Marina del Rey, CA 90292 Phone: 310-448-8657 Fax: 310-822-0751 Edited by: Kathy Kurinsky Answers: Where in ISD??? (Page 10): Object 1=Erika Barragan-Nunez’s Office (902); Object 2=Alma Nava’s Office (905); Object 3=Kevin Knight’s Office (937); Object 4=Lewis Johnson’s Office (921).