Market Insider Quarterly Bulletin

Market Insider
Quarterly Bulletin
MEDICINAL PLANTS & NATURAL INGREDIENTS
MARKET INSIDER
December 2014
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Contact:
Market Insider
International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO
Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Tel:
+4122 730 01 11
Fax:
+4122 730 05 72
Email:
[email protected]
Twitter:
@ITCMktInsider
Web: http://www.intracen.org/itc/market-insider/
Market Insider for Medicinal Plants is prepared by:
Josef A. Brinckmann
ITC Consultant
[email protected]
Cover Picture:
Sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.; Fam. Euphorbiaceae), Upper Amazon, San Martín, Perú.
Photo by Josef A. Brinckmann, December 2012.
ii
Contents
About the Market Insider for Medicinal Plants & Natural Ingredients............................................. iv
Some Useful Terminology ................................................................................................................... iv
1.
Industry News and Trends ...........................................................................................................1
1.1.
Higher prices reported for 2014 ginseng crops, American and Asian .....................................1
1.2.
Bayer AG completes acquisition of Chinese TCM producer Dihon .........................................2
1.3.
Short film on seabuckthorn production in northern Germany ..................................................3
1.4.
‘New’ traditional German herbal medicine with silverweed .....................................................4
2.
Markets for African Medicinal Plants and Extracts ...................................................................5
2.1.
South African herbal medicine granted marketing authorization in Canada ...........................5
2.2.
Egyptian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants presence at IFEAT 2014 .........................................6
3.
Markets for Asian Medicinal Plants and Extracts ......................................................................7
3.1.
Chirata herb farming in Nepal increasing household income ..................................................7
3.2.
IMPLAD features in Chinese medicinal plant supply chain documentary ...............................7
3.3.
Madhya Pradesh, India’s largest forested state, to host International Herbal Fair .................8
3.4.
Plans for Shuijing Town to become centre for sustainable medicinal plants production ......10
3.5.
India remains main destination for Nepalese medicinal plant exports – but new demand
from China hits triple-digit-growth .....................................................................................................11
3.6.
What are the real chances for Chinese herbs in the European market? ..............................12
3.7.
International herbal buyer-seller meet at AROGYA EXPO 2014 ..........................................13
3.8.
Ispaghula supply short until May 2015 ..................................................................................14
4.
Markets for Latin American Medicinal Plants and Extracts ...................................................15
4.1.
Mexico’s proposal to reclassify 200 medicinal plants could cost 30,000 jobs and 130 billion
pesos 15
4.2.
5.
Peruvian Sacha Inchi is now GRAS in the USA ....................................................................16
Markets for Oceanian Medicinal Plants and Extracts .............................................................18
5.1.
Sandalwood value-adding in Erromango, Vanuatu for the first time .....................................18
5.2.
Endemic Australian medicinal plant lemon myrtle: a new economic crop for Malaysia? ......19
6.
Sustainable use of Biodiversity News ......................................................................................21
6.1.
Fundraiser to support sustainable use of African medicinal trees .........................................21
6.2.
Greening traditional Chinese medicine industry supply chains .............................................22
7.
Currency Rates of Exchange .....................................................................................................23
8.
Indicative Prices for Selected Medicinal Botanical Ingredients.............................................23
9.
Selected Events ..........................................................................................................................30
10.
Herb Profile: Lycium fruit .......................................................................................................36
11.
Company Profile: Dalian Huaen Co. Ltd., P.R. China ..........................................................39
12.
Medicinal Plants & Natural Ingredients Sector Organizations ...........................................40
iii
About the Market Insider for Medicinal Plants & Natural Ingredients
The Market Insider for medicinal plants & natural ingredients provides market intelligence on the
production and international trade of selected botanical raw materials and value-added forms such as
extracts and oils.
Market insights are presented for key developments on medicinal plants and botanical nutritional
ingredients including analysis of international trade data, market trends, indicative market prices for
selected botanical ingredients, trade specifications, market size and growth, target markets, business
opportunities, legislation affecting the sector, technology, trade events, producer and product profiles.
New sources of information, news that subscribers and readers might have on their specific products
or areas are welcome. See more at: http://www.intracen.org/itc/market-insider/medicinal-plants/
Some Useful Terminology
API:
AYUSH:
CBD:
CCC:
CCCCS:
cfu/g:
C&F:
CFR:
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy
Convention on Biodiversity
Standard Classification of Commodities of Taiwan
Commodity Classification for China Customs Statistics
Colony-forming units per gram
Cost & Freight; means the price includes cost and freight charges
Seller has the same responsibilities as when shipping FOB, but shipping costs are
prepaid by the seller
CIF:
Cost Insurance Freight; means the price includes cost, freight and insurance
CITES:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora & Fauna
CL:
Container load
C/S:
Cut and sifted
COMTRADE:
Commodity Trade Statistics Database
EDQM:
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines
EMA:
European Medicines Agency
Essential Oils:
Odorous product, usually of complex composition, obtained from a botanically
defined plant raw material by steam distillation, dry distillation, or a suitable
mechanical process without heating
Extracts:
Preparations of liquid (liquid extracts and tinctures), semi-solid (soft extracts and
oleoresins) or solid (dry extracts) consistency obtained from Herbal Drugs or
animal matter prepared by suitable methods using ethanol or other suitable
solvents
EXW:
Ex works - Buyer arranges for pick-up of goods at the seller's location. Seller is
responsible for packing, labelling, and preparing goods for shipment on a specified
date or time frame
Farm Gate Price: Refers to the dollar value of agricultural products that you receive from direct farm
sales or the value of primary products used for processing
FAS:
Free alongside ship - Buyer arranges for ocean transport. Seller is responsible for
packing, labelling, preparing goods for shipment and delivering the goods to the
dock
FAS Value:
Value of exports at the seaport, airport, or border port of exportation, based on the
transaction price including inland freight, insurance, and other charges incurred in
placing the merchandise alongside the carrier at the port of export
FCA:
Free carrier: seller is responsible for costs until the buyer's named freight carrier
takes charge
FCL:
Full container load
FLO:
Fairtrade International
FOB:
Free On Board - means that the price only includes the cost of the item. Seller
arranges for transport of the goods, preparing goods for shipment, and loading the
goods onto the vessel
FOR & FOT:
Free On Rail or Free on Truck; both refer to goods being carried by rail and should
only be used when the goods are carried by rail. The risk of loss or damage is
iv
transferred when the goods are loaded onto the rail
FTA:
Free Trade Agreement
GACP:
Good Agricultural and Collection Practice
GMP:
Good Manufacturing Practice
ha:
Hectare
Herbal Drug Preparations: Obtained by subjecting Herbal Drugs to treatments such as:
extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation, purification, concentration or
fermentation. These include comminuted or powdered herbal drugs, tinctures,
extracts, essential oils, expressed juices and processed exudates
Herbal Drugs:
Whole, fragmented, or cut plants, parts of plants, algae, fungi or lichen, in an
unprocessed state, usually in dried form but sometimes fresh. Certain exudates
that have not been subjected to a specific treatment are also considered to be
herbal drugs
Herbal Teas:
Consist exclusive of one or more Herbal Drugs intended for oral aqueous
preparations by means of decoction, infusion or maceration; usually supplied in
bulk form or in sachets
HPLC:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HPTLC:
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
HS Code:
Harmonized System Tariff Code
ITC (HS)
Indian Trade Classification Harmonized System
ITC
International Trade Centre / UNCTAD / WTO
MAP:
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
NLT:
Not less than
NESOI:
Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
NMT:
Not more than
NOP:
National Organic Program (USDA)
NTFP:
Non Timber Forest Products
OTC:
Over the Counter medicines: Medicines sold without a prescription
PE:
Powdered Extract
PhEur:
European Pharmacopoeia
SE:
Soft Extract
TBC:
Tea bag cut
TCM:
Traditional Chinese Medicine
THMP:
Traditional Herbal Medicinal Product
TLC:
Thin Layer Chromatography
UPI:
Unani Pharmacopoeia of India
USD:
United States Dollar
USP:
United States Pharmacopeia
VAT:
Value Added Tax
v
1. Industry News and Trends
1.1.
Higher prices reported for 2014 ginseng crops, American and Asian
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) grows wild in forests of eastern Canada (southern Ontario
and southwestern Québec) and of the United States of America from the Midwest (Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin) to the east coast, primarily in the Appalachian (Kentucky, Maryland, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia) and Ozark (Arkansas
and Missouri) regions.
Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) grows wild in forests of three northeastern provinces of the People’s
Republic of China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning) and is also native to parts of the Democratic
People’s Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation (in the Russian Far East).
Most of the commercial supply of ginseng root, whether American or Asian species, is cultivated
however. Export trade of wild ginseng root is subject to CITES control.
There are basically four major producers and exporters of ginseng root, Canada, People’s Republic of
China, Republic of Korea, and United States of America. In 2013, Canada was the leading exporter of
ginseng roots (under HS tariff code 121120) in terms of both quantity and value.
HS 121120 Ginseng root (cultivated and/or wild) exports:
Exporter
2013 Trade Quantity (kg)
2013 Trade Value (USD)
Canada
2,420,564
$176,287,543
People’s Republic of China
2,364,692
$134,711,493
United States of America
453,983
$90,558,382
Republic of Korea
427,582
$106,541,835
TOTAL:
5,666,821
Source: UN Comtrade Database
$508,099,253.00
News stories in early December 2014 from both Canada and China report higher market prices for the
2014 cultivated ginseng root crop, but for very different reasons.
According to Carl Atkinson, president of the Ontario Ginseng Growers Association (OGCA), Canada’s
2014 ginseng root crop is already nearly sold out with a total harvest of about 4.5 million pounds
(about 2 million kg) and growers reporting farmgate prices ranging from the mid-$30-per-pound range
up to over $50 per pound (about $16~$23 per kg). Prices being paid this year are considerably higher
than previous year’s prices paid of between $30~$35 per pound ($13.60~$15.88 per kg). The 2014
harvest quantity was reported to be about the same as for 2013 which indicates that the supply has
bottomed out. The table above suggests that more was exported in 2013 than reportedly harvested
meaning that carryover stocks of the previous year may have been depleted.
1
News reports from China suggest that the reasons for Asian ginseng root prices being pushed higher,
despite lower than usual demand, have more to do with large purchases being made by
pharmaceutical companies ever since 2012, when the Chinese government listed ginseng as both a
food and a medicinal herb, which expanded the potential uses of the plant. The news article goes on
to state that certain major pharmaceutical companies have built up large inventories of ginseng root,
claiming that the inventories are intended for use in new health products still in development. A
market analyst interviewed for the story suggests however that these companies may actually be
hoarding the ginseng root and waiting for the right time to sell as the market price continues to
increase.
The article closes with the warning that the hoarding of ginseng roots by these big players could push
market prices to an unsustainable level and even cause the market to collapse.
Current indicative market prices for Asian ginseng root (as of 12 December 2014) at the Anguo City
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Market, China’s largest market for TCM raw materials, range
from 620.00 CNY to 780.00 CNY per kg (= US$100.24 to US$126.11 per kg) depending on the quality
grade specifications.
Sources:
1. Chinese Medicinal Herb E-Commerce Office: http://www.zyctd.com/
2. Marion MA. Ginseng growers see increase in price for crop. Brantford Expositor. 10 December
2014. Available at: http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/2014/12/10/ginseng-growers-see-increase-inprice-for-crop
3. Staff Reporter. Ginseng prices kept high by hoarding on part of big pharmas. WantChinaTimes.
03 December 2014. Available at: http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclasscnt.aspx?id=20141203000164&cid=1102
4. United Nations COMTRADE Database.
1.2.
Bayer AG completes acquisition of Chinese TCM producer Dihon
by Market Insider
04 December 2014
Bayer AG (Leverkusen, Germany) announced in November 2014 that it had completed the acquisition
of 100 percent of the shares of Dihon Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., (Kunming, Yunnan, China).
Bayer paid a purchase price of CNY 3.6 billion (approximately EUR 460 million). Dihon is among
China’s top over-the-counter (OTC) consumer healthcare product companies and specializes in the
manufacturing and marketing of herbal traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products.
According to the China Nonprescription Medicines Association (CNMA), Dihon ranked 15th in China’s
OTC drug sector in 2013. Some of Dihon’s top OTC drug products are TCM formulations for women.
For example, the Dihon product FEMNEAL® (Concentrated Decoction for Women) is a Chinese
traditional medicine for the treatment of endometriosis and is also labeled for relief of dysmenorrhea
(painful cramps during menstruation) and contains a combination of four herbs:
Chinese salvia root (Salvia miltiorrhiza)
Curcuma rhizome (Curcuma kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis, or C. wenyujin)
Bupleurum root (Bupleurum chinense, or B. scorzonerifolium)
2
Tienchi ginseng root (Panax notoginseng)
Sources:
1. Bayer Group. Press release: Bayer completes acquisition of Dihon Pharmaceutical Group Co.,
Ltd. in China. 03 November 2014.
2. Dihon Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. website: http://www.dihon.com/en/
3. Liang Fei. TCM firm hopes Bayer deal can open up foreign markets. Global Times. 26 November
2014. Available at: http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/893788.shtml
1.3.
Short film on seabuckthorn production in northern Germany
by Market Insider
01 December 2014
The ‘German Society for Seabuckthorn and Wild Fruits’ has announced that one of its members,
agricultural engineer Frank Lienig, posted a short (15 minute) film on the topic of production and
processing of seabuckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) berries in northern Germany. Seabuckthorn
shrubs grow wild throughout coastal northern Europe as well as in parts of the Russian Federation,
Republics of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia, and People’s Republic of China. Cultivation is also
occurring in some of the same areas where wild collection takes place.
Seabuckthorn is used as a component of health food and food supplement products due to its high
micronutrient content but also as a component of herbal medicinal products, both oral administration
and topical application formulations.
Mr. Lienig’s own company (Lienig Wildfrucht-Verarbeitung) produces and sells certified organic juices,
extracts and concentrates of wild fruits, most considered to be both medicinal and nutritional,
including bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black current berry (Ribes nigrum), dog rose hip (Rosa
canina), European elder berry (Sambucus nigra), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), sloe berry
(Prunus spinosa), and seabuckthorn berry among others.
The 15 minute film is worth watching even if you don’t understand German language:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMPB9xnA-rI&feature=youtu.be
Sources:
1. Lienig F. Wilde Früchtchen - Geschichten rund um den Sanddorn. 2014. Available at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMPB9xnA-rI&feature=youtu.be
2. Lienig Wildfrucht-Verarbeitung website: http://www.lienig.com/
3. Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Sanddorn und Wildobst. Meldung vom 30. November 2014 - Link
zum Sanddornfilm auf Youtube: http://www.sanddorn.net/
3
1.4.
‘New’ traditional German herbal medicine with silverweed
by Market Insider
24 November 2014
Founded in 2012, Niehaus Pharma GmbH & Co. KG (Ingelheim, Germany), a privately held herbal
medicinal product company, has announced that its second product ‘Gasteo®’ just received
marketing authorization by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM).
Neihaus Pharma’s first product ‘Lioran® die Passionsblume’, hard-shell capsules containing a
powdered dry extract of the Native American medicinal plant ‘passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)
herb’, received its marketing authorization (for Germany) in 2012.
The newly authorized medicine Gasteo® is a hydro-alcoholic liquid extract of a traditional German
herbal formula that is indicated for relief of mild digestive problems such as bloating and flatulence as
well as mild cramp-like pain in the gastrointestinal tract. It contains fluidextracts of six medicinal plants
that are traditionally wild collected and/or farmed in European countries:
Silverweed (Potentilla anserina) aerial parts;
German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) capitula;
Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root and stolons;
Angelica (Angelica archangelica) rhizome and root;
Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus) aerial parts;
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) aerial parts.
The use of silverweed herb as an active ingredient of medicines is fairly unique to Germany. Although
there are some silverweed-containing medicinal products marketed in other countries, these are
usually herbal teas originating from German companies like Kneipp® GmbH (Würzburg, Germany) or
products containing pressed juice of fresh silverweed herb from companies like Salus Haus GmbH &
Co. KG (Bruckmühl, Germany). In Germany, there are presently 98 registered herbal medicinal
products that contain silverweed as an active ingredient, Gasteo® being the most recent addition to
the list.
Sources:
1. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag. Gasteo® - die echte Alternative bei Magen-/Darmbeschwerden.
DAZ.online. 20 November 2014.
2. Niehaus Pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Gasteo®: Zulassungs-/Reg-Nr.(AMG76): 89940.00.00:
Gebrauchsinformation: Information für den Anwender. Köln: Deutsches Institut für Medizinische
Dokumentation und Information (DIMDI). 2014.
3. PharmNet.Bund-Arzneimittel-Informationssystem:http://www.pharmnet-bund.de/dynamic/de/aminfo-system/index.html
4
2. Markets for African Medicinal Plants and Extracts
2.1.
South African herbal medicine granted marketing authorization in
Canada
24 November 2014
A South African herbal medicinal extract called Zembrin® has been issued a product license by the
Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD), the regulating authority for
licensed natural health products (NHPs) for sale in Canada.
Developed by HG&H Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd (Bryanston, South Africa), Zembrin® is an extract of a
cultivated elite selection of the Namaqualand plant Sceletium tortuosum - for centuries used and
traded by San hunter-gatherers and Khoi Khoi pastoralists for medicinal, social and spiritual purposes.
The Canadian product license [Natural Product Number (NPN): 80052770] was issued to HG&H’s
North American marketing partner PLT Health Solutions Inc. (Morristown, New Jersey, USA).
The product was first approved in 2012, under the brand name Elev8™, by the South African
Medicines Control Council (MCC) for sale in South African pharmacies. Clinical research has found it
to be a safe remedy for healthy people to enhance mood, decrease anxiety, and to reduce stress.
Established in 2006, HG&H Pharmaceuticals has been, for its first eight years, focused on developing
this one product (Zembrin®), investing in clinical research, controlled standardized cultivation
protocols, legislative market access requirements necessary to approach international markets, as
well as equitable agreements with the indigenous people of South Africa for use of their Traditional
Knowledge.
Already in 2008, a benefit sharing agreement with the South African San Council was concluded,
which stated that, if and when Zembrin® were commercialized, the San would receive a share of the
benefits. In 2010, South Africa’s first ‘Integrated Export and Bioprospecting Permit’ was granted to
HG&G by the South African Department of Water and Environmental Affairs. Issuance of the permit
authorized the commercialization of the herbal extract and formalized the benefit sharing and
reporting obligations of HG&G as per the Bioprospecting, Access and Benefit Sharing (BABS)
Regulations.
HG&H has secured marketing partners for its Zembrin® extract in several regions including Australia,
Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, and United States of America.
If they can succeed at getting this product authorized as a medicine in several countries, as it is now
in Canada and South Africa, and if it becomes a successful product in the international markets, this
will indeed be a very interesting access and benefit sharing case study to watch.
Sources:
1. Health Canada Natural and Non-prescription Health Product Directorate (NNHPD). Zembrin®. In:
Licensed Natural Health Products Database (LNHPD): http://webprod5.hc-sc.gc.ca/lnhpdbdpsnh/index-eng.jsp
2. HG&H Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd website: http://www.zembrin.com/
3. PLT Health Solutions. PLT Health Solutions Receives License Confirming Health Claim for
Zembrin® in Canada. 19 November 2014: http://www.plthealth.com/news/articles
5
2.2.
Egyptian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants presence at IFEAT 2014
24 September 2014
Begun in 2011, the Egyptian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (EMAP) project is an agro-industrial
development initiative aiming at upgrading the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) sector in Egypt
by establishing an integrated quality and safety scheme, improving varieties, increasing productivity,
reducing losses, and upgrading production and processing technologies.
Representatives of the EMAP project will be present at the upcoming International Federation of
Essential Oils and Aroma Trades “IFEAT” 2014 conference being held in Rome, Italy from 21-25
September 2014. IFEAT 2014, a 4-day specialized conference with over 1,000 registered delegates,
offers lectures and short courses, workshops, a trade exhibition, business meetings, and study tour
outcomes.
Particularly relevant to the Egyptian MAP and essential oil trade, this year’s conference dedicates one
session to “The Impact of the Arab Spring in North Africa and the Political Changes in Eastern Europe
on the Essential Oils Industry” where one of the Egyptian delegates (Hussein A. Fakhry, owner and
president of A. Fakhry and Co.) is giving a lecture on “Egyptian essential oils under revolution”. Mr.
Fakhry’s presentation will attempt to paint the present scene Egypt is challenged with and will try to
show how the aromatic raw material sector of Egypt can navigate through the new social, economic
and political realities as they affect the sector.
Representatives of 10 Egyptian MAP companies are participating in IFEAT 2014:
A. Fakhry & Co.: http://www.afakhry.com/
Al Sheikh For Export: http://www.alsheikhforexport.com/
Aromatic Flavours & Fragrances: http://www.af-f.co.uk/ar/
El-shabrawi Group S.A.E.:
Fridal - F. Tarek Abou Bakr: http://www.fridalegypt.com/
Hashem Brothers for Essential Oils and Aromatic Products: http://www.hashembrothers.com/
Kato Flavors & Fragrances: http://www.kff-eg.com/
Machalico Aromatic Raw Materials: http://www.machalico.com/
MAS for Import & Commercial Agencies: http://masforimport.com/
Pharaonic Essential Oils (Phatrade): http://www.phatrade-eg.com/
Sources
1. Press release: EMAP will be present at IFEAT. 21 September 2014: http://www.emapeg.org/index.php?action=show_event&id=76
2. Fakhry HA. Egyptian essential oils under revolution? In: IFEAT Rome 2014 Lecture Abstracts.
2014: http://www.ifeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Abstracts-Rome-Final-for-website-only.pdf
6
3. Markets for Asian Medicinal Plants and Extracts
3.1.
Chirata herb farming in Nepal increasing household income
27 November 2014
The Mountain Institute (TMI) of Washington, D.C. reports that they have trained more than 16,000
farmers to cultivate and harvest medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Nepal as a means to earn a
living. The initiative began with the realization that local people were walking three to four hours a day
to reach traditional wild-collection areas that once took only an hour to reach. The aim of the MAP
cultivation training was not only to alleviate overharvesting of MAPs in the forest but also to alleviate
poverty in the community through cultivation of high value MAP crops.
According to TMI, these 16,000 highland farmers in six districts are now cultivating 12 MAP species
on over 2,000 hectares, accounting for an estimated 10 percent of total Nepali production of medicinal
plants. TMI also suggests that, as a direct result of MAP farming, participating families are moving out
of poverty and towards the middle class.
One of the main, formerly wild-collected MAPs, being brought under cultivation through the TMI
initiative is chirata herb (Swertia chirayita). Chirata herb is an important medicinal plant used in the
Traditional Medicine systems of Bhutan, India, Nepal and Tibet.
Market prices for Nepalese chirata herb are provided in the online monthly price report of the ITC
Market Insider for Medicinal Plants.
Sources:
1. Mridu Khullar Relph. Can medicinal plants alleviate poverty and protect Nepal’s fragile
environment? Ensia Magazine. 24 November 2014: http://ensia.com/articles/can-medicinalplants-alleviate-poverty-and-protect-nepals-fragile-environment/
2. The Mountain Institute. Conserving the Sacred Himalayan Landscape one seed at a time.
Himalayan Program 2011:
http://mountain.org/sites/default/files/attachments/conserving_the_sacred_himalayan_landscape.
pdf
3. The Mountain Institute website: http://www.mountain.org/
3.2.
IMPLAD features in Chinese medicinal plant supply chain
documentary
10 November 2014
In a new SupplySide Global Experience documentary film titled 'Modernizing the Chinese Supply
Chain', available to view online at the SupplySide Show website [ click here ], research partnerships
between the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD) and medicinal plant industry are
featured.
Production of the documentary was underwritten by the Beijing Gingko Group (BGG), founded in
1995, now a global leader in the production of natural health ingredients serving the pharmaceutical,
cosmetics, food and beverage, tobacco, and dietary supplement industries. The BGG website states
that their extract ingredients are made from high quality wild-crafted, organic and non-GMO botanical
raw materials,
7
The documentary provides a ‘look inside the operations at a botanical extract production facility and
algae cultivation plant as examples of how Chinese suppliers are modernizing the supply chain
through investments in quality, sustainability, research and product development. They also explore
how traditional medicinal plant partners in China (such as IMPLAD) are helping suppliers bring
botanical traditions into the modern era.’
The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), founded in 1983, is affiliated with the
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). Since
1983, IMPLAD has played a leading role in worldwide research on Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) plants and has been a WHO (World Health Organization) Collaborating Center for Traditional
Medicine.
The aims of IMPLAD are:
To tackle the hot issues and difficult problems in medicinal plant research;
To meet the major demands of the country, society and industry on the national level aiming at
supporting, guiding the Chinese Medicine Resources as well as the sustainable utilization of
Chinese medicinal plant resources and promoting sustainable development of traditional Chinese
medicine;
To strengthen system integration and resource sharing, promote conservation of Chinese
medicine resources;
To take up the leading role in China and become a comprehensive an internationally renowned
institute in the field.
Sources:
1. Beijing Ginkgo Group (BGG) website: http://bggworld.com/
2. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD) website:
http://www.implad.ac.cn/en/
3. SupplySide Global Experience Documentary Film 'Modernizing the Chinese Supply Chain':
http://www.supplysideshow.com/documentaries/2014/10/modernizing-the-chinese-supplychain.aspx?cmpid=BGGDOCLI
3.3.
Madhya Pradesh, India’s largest forested state, to host International
Herbal Fair
07 November 2014
About 1,500 medicinal plant species are found growing wild in the forests of Madhya Pradesh (M.P.),
India’s largest forested state. There is a network of over 1,000 cooperative societies organized for
wild-harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) throughout the forests of M.P. In addition to
the wild-collection cooperatives, M.P. also has about 10,000 farmers engaged in the cultivation of
MAPs for household income.
An ‘International Herbal Fair’ will be taking place 19-23 December 2014 in Bhopal, M.P., co-organized
by Government of ‘Madhya Pradesh Forest Department’ and ‘Madhya Pradesh State Minor Forest
Produce (Trade & Development) Co-operative Federation, Ltd.’ (MPMFP), and sponsored by the
National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Department of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy), Government of India.
The MPMFP was established in 1984 with the following main objectives:
Protection of collectors of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) from the exploitation by middlemen
8
and to equitable sharing of benefits.
Conservation, Augmentation and Sustainable Utilization of NTFP resource.
Capacity building of gatherers in good collection practices, grading, primary processing, value
addition, storage and marketing of NTFPs.
Introduction of Co-operatives model in order to enable greater involvement of NTFP gatherers in
trade and to ensure more benefits to them.
The International Herbal Fair 2014 promotes the participation of wild collectors of MAPs, herbal
product manufacturers, traders from all over India. There will be about 300 exhibition stalls as well as
an organized buyer / seller meet.
Major medicinal plants of Madhya Pradesh include:
Botanical Name
Acorus calamus L.
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees
Asparagus racemosus Willd.
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.
Boerhavia diffusa L.
Buchanania lanzan Spreng.
Caesalpinia bonducella L.
Cassia fistula L.
Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & R.R. Fern
Cissus quadrangularis L.
Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.
Costus speciosus (J.Konig) Sm
Curcuma caesia Roxb.
Cyperus rotundus L.
Eclipta alba Hassk.
Embelia tsjeriam-cottam A. DC.
Emblica officinalis Gaertn.
Gloriosa superba L.
Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.ex Schlt.
Helicteres isora Linn.
Hemidesmus indicus (L.)R.Br.
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)C.B. Rob.
Madhuca latifolia Roxb.
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.
Nigella sativa L.
Ocimum sanctum L.
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth.ex Kurz
Pandanus fascicularis Lam.
Phyllanthus niruri L.
Piper longum L.
Plumbago zeylanica L.
Premna integrifolia L.
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
Pueraria tuberosa DC.
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth.ex Kurz
Solanum nigrum L.
Spilanthes oleracea L.
Sterculia urens Roxb.
Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f) DC.
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex. DC.) Wight & Arn.
Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.)Roxb.
Terminalia chebula Retz.
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Family
Acoraceae
Rutaceae
Acanthaceae
Liliaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Anacardiaceae
Caesalpiniaceae
Caesalpiniaceae
Celastraceae
Liliaceae
Vitaceae
Lamiaceae
Costaceae
Zingiberaceae
Cyperaceae
Asteraceae
Myrsinaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Liliaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Sterculiaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Lauraceae
Sapotaceae
Fabaceae
Ranunculaceae
Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae
Pandanaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Piperaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Verbenaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Apocynaceae
Solanaceae
Asteraceae
Sterculiaceae
Bignoniaceae
Combretaceae
Combretaceae
Combretaceae
Menispermaceae
Solanaceae
Common Name
Calamus
Buch
Bael tree
Bel
Andrographis
Kalmegh
Shatavari
Satawar
Bacopa
Brahmi
Boerhavia
Punarnava
Chirauli nut tree
Achar
Bonduc
Gataran
Indian laburnum
Amaltas
Celastrus
Malkangani
Safed musli
Safed musli
Winged treebine
Hadjor
Forskohlii
Coleus
Crepe ginger
Keokand
Black turmeric Shyama Haldi
Cyperus
Naragmotha
Eclipta
Bhrinhraj
Vidanga
Baibidung
Amla
Aonla
Flamelily
Kalihari
Gymnema
Gudmar
East Indian screw tree
Maror phalli
Hemidesmus
Anantmul
Glutinous litsea
Maida lakdi
Moa tree
Mahua
Velvet bean
Kewanch
Nigella
Kalongi
Holy basil
Tulsi
Oroxylum
Shyonak
Padang
Keora
Phyllanthus
Bhui aonla
Long pepper
Pipali
Ceylon leadwort
Chitrak
Arani
Agnimantha
Indian kino tree
Bija
Indian kudzu
Bidari Kand
Rauwolfia
Sarpgandha
Black nightshade
Makoy
Spilanthes
Akarkara
Karaya gum
Kullu
Fragrant padre tree
Padar
Arjuna
Arjun
Belleric myrobalan
Bahreda
Chebulic myrobalan
Harra
Indian tinospora
Giloe
Ashwagandha Aswagandha
Source:
1. Madhya Pradesh International Herbal Fair 2014: http://www.mpintherbalfair.net/
9
Local Name
3.4.
Plans for Shuijing Town to become centre for sustainable medicinal
plants production
05 November 2014
At a workshop in Shuijing Town, Sichuan Province on 21 October, Mr. Wang Zhenyang, Deputy Head
of the Shuijing Township government, shared his views on the importance of projects like EU-China
Biodiversity Programme (ECBP), and plans for establishing Shuijing as a centre for sustainable
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) raw materials production, including involving more villages in
sustainable harvesting with some government support. He stated that the majority of the local
population is involved in wild collection and/or smallholder farming of medicinal herbs for use in TCM.
The government plans to invest in the establishment of a TCM trading centre to be housed in Shuijing
Town.
The workshop took place in the framework of a European Union-China Environmental Governance
Programme project (EGP MAPs), implemented by TRAFFIC and partner organizations.
Shuijing Town is also the home of the ‘Pingwu Shuijing TCM Materials Cooperative’ which has about
1500 members from 480 households in over 20 villages and supplies certified organic wild collected
schisandra berries for the export market.
Some of the medicinal and aromatic plants that are harvested in the area of Shuijing Town include:
Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis) root: 当归 dang gui
Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale and Rheum palmatum) root and rhizome: 药用大黄 yao yong
da huang (R. officinale) and 掌叶大黄 zhang ye da huang (R. palmatum)
Gastrodia (Gastrodia elata) rhizome: 天麻 tian ma
Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) fruit: 中华猕猴桃 zhong hua mi hou tao
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) fruit: 沙棘 sha ji
Southern schisandra (Schisandra sphenanthera) fruit: 南五味子 nan wu wei zi
Sources:
1. FairWild Foundation. Sustainable use of Chinese medicinal plants brings lasting benefits. 03
November 2014. Available at: http://www.fairwild.org/news/2014/11/4/sustainable-use-of-chinesemedicinal-plants-brings-lasting-b.html
10
3.5.
India remains main destination for Nepalese medicinal plant
exports – but new demand from China hits triple-digit-growth
31 October 2014
Nepal’s non-timber forest product (NTFP) sub-sectors of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and
essential oils feature prominently in a new study report commissioned by Government of Nepal’s Multi
Stakeholder Forestry Program (MSFP) titled “Private Sector Involvement and Investment in
Nepal’s Forestry: Status, Prospects and Ways Forward.” MSFP aims to improve livelihoods and
resilience of poor and disadvantaged people in Nepal. It will also develop the contribution of Nepal’s
forestry sector to inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction, and tackling climate change. The
study was carried out by the Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources (ANSAB).
There are over 1,000 plant species in Nepal with known uses, of which over 700 are medicinal, 440
are wild food, 30 are considered to be spices, 71 are fibre yielding, and over 100 fodder, which
indicates that many plant species have multiple uses and therefore different trade possibilities.
This study finds that the most promising product options in Nepal’s NTFP subsector are aromatic
plants like large (Nepal) cardamom (Amomum subulatum) seed, medicinal plants like picrorhiza
(Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora) rhizome, essential oils for example obtained from jatamansi
(Nardostachys jatamansi) root, and resins (rosin and turpentine).
More than 90% of Nepal’s crude herbs are exported to India, with the remaining 10% destined mainly
for China, EU, and USA. Recent trends however show that the export of some high value crude herbs
to China is increasing through both legal and illegal channels. In the 2012/2013 fiscal year, Nepalese
exports of medicinal plants to China showed an increase of 478% over previous year. For example,
exports to China of chirata (Swertia chirayita) whole plant, cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis) fungus,
herb-paris (Paris polyphylla) rhizome, soap-nut (Sapindus mukorossi) fruit, and Utrasum bead tree
(Elaeocarpus sphaericus) seeds have been initiated recently. Furthermore, due to high demand, high
value and competition among Nepalese harvesters of wild medicinal plants, it has been observed that
herb-paris rhizome has become subject to overharvesting, untimely harvesting, and gradual depletion,
without any apparent resource management plan in response to the new and fast increasing demand
from China.
The report provides availability (by district), annual supply, past-10-year-trend, and annual trade value
data for Nepal’s top 20 NTFPs, including these medicinal and aromatic plants:
Catechu (Acacia catechu) heartwood extract
Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) resin
Chirata (Swertia chirayita) whole plant
Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis) fungus
East Indian lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) leaf essential oil
11
Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) root essential oil
Indian cassia (Cinnamomum tamala) leaf and/or bark essential oil
Indian (Nepalese) cardamom (Amomum subulatum) seed
Morel (Morchella esculenta) mushroom
Picrorhiza (Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora) rhizome
Soap-nut (Sapindus mukorossi) fruit
Utrasum bead tree (Elaeocarpus sphaericus) seed
Winged prickly ash (Zanthoxylum armatum) fruit with seed
Wintergreen (Gaultheria fragrantissima) leaf essential oil.
This very useful 244-page report is free to download at the homepage of the ANSAB website at:
http://www.ansab.org/
Sources:
1. Subedi, B.P., P.L. Ghimire, A. Koontz, S. C. Khanal, P. Katwal, K.R. Sthapit, and S. Khadka
Mishra. Private Sector Involvement and Investment in Nepal’s Forestry: Status, Prospects and
Ways Forward. Study Report, Multi Stakeholder Forestry Programme - Services Support Unit,
Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2014.
2. Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources. Thapathali, Kathmandu: Nepal. Government of Nepal,
Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Plant Resources. 2014, No. 36.
3.6.
What are the real chances for Chinese herbs in the European
market?
18 October 2014
This week at the ‘Shanghai International Conference on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural
Medicine’ related presentations were made by Prof. Dr. Werner Knöss, Chairman of the Committee
on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Prof. Dr.
Gerhard Franz, Chairman of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Committee of the European
Pharmacopoeia (PhEur). The PhEur establishes the quality standards for herbal drugs that may be
used as active ingredients of authorized or registered HMPs in the EU while the EMA establishes the
labelling standards for what the HMPs can or must state on the product labels and patient information
leaflets.
Dr. Franz pointed out that practitioners of TCM in the EU utilize up to about 300 Chinese herbal drugs
in their clinical practice and that patients are able to pick up TCM herbal prescriptions from certain
pharmacies that stock Chinese herbs, but not as over-the-counter (OTC) retail products. So far the
European Pharmacopoeia has developed nearly 50 quality standards monographs for Chinese
medicinal plants and it is possible that up to 100 will come to completion in the foreseeable future.
The question is whether the HMP Committee should continue and prioritize the development of up to
300 European Pharmacopoeia monographs for Chinese medicinal plants aiming to have official
European standards established for most all of the herbs being dispensed to TCM patients in
European pharmacies.
12
In his presentation titled “European Regulatory Framework for Herbal Medicinal Products –
Challenges for Traditional Medicines”, Dr. Knöss acknowledged the difficulties faced by foreign (nonEU) manufacturers and marketers of THMPs trying to get their products authorized or registered for
sale in the EU. He referenced the March 2014 EMA guidance document titled “Questions and
Answers on the European framework for (traditional) herbal medicinal products, including those from
a non-European tradition”.
With that said, out of more than 1,300 HMPs that have been registered thus far during the ten years
since the start of the EU Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD), only one of the
1,300 products is a TCM product and it has been authorized for retail sale in only one EU Member
State. In March 2012, the first (and only so far) TCM retail product was granted a traditional herbal
registration (THR) from the Medicines Evaluation Board of the Netherlands. That product is called
“Di’ao Xin Xue Kang” containing Japanese yam root (Dioscorea nipponica) as the active ingredient.
The registration of only one TCM product in the entire EU over the course of ten years is not a very
promising statistic for Chinese companies who hope to gain EU market access for their ranges of
finished herbal medicinal products for OTC retail sale. On the other hand, herbal mixtures dispensed
through European pharmacies to TCM patients fall outside of the scope of the market authorization or
registration under the THMPD. For the time being, the most likely channel for Chinese medicinal
plants will be as components of prescription drug formulations picked up at the pharmacy and not
finished products packaged for retail sale.
3.7.
International herbal buyer-seller meet at AROGYA EXPO 2014
02 October 2014
AROGYA EXPO, to be co-located with the 6th World Ayurveda Congress (WAC VI), will include a
Pharmexcil Pavilion for exhibitors of herbs and herbal products and will also feature a two-day
‘International Buyer-Seller Meet’ 7-8 November 2014 in New Delhi.
Focus products for the buyer-seller meet include botanical raw materials, herbal powders and
extracts, herbal medicinal products, herbal dietary supplement products, and traditional AYUSH
(Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) medicinal formulations and
products.
The WAC VI has partnered with Pharmexcil (Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council, Ministry of
Commerce and Industry, Government of India) to bring the international market right to the door steps
of the Indian AYUSH industry. The buyer-seller meeting is being organized by Pharmexcil in
association with the World Ayurveda Foundation.
Pharmexcil plans to invite about 50 potential importers and traders from the important export
destinations dealing with Ayurveda, herbal products & dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, herbal
extracts, and phytochemicals to participate, interact and trade with the Indian herbal industry. During
7th-8th November 2014, Pharmexcil will organize One-to-One business meetings among the foreign
delegates and Indian delegates.
13
Sources:
1. 6th World Ayurveda Congress. AROGYA EXPO Buyer-seller meet 2014:
http://www.ayurworld.org/buyer-seller-meet-2014/#
2. Pharmexcil Pavilion in AROGYA Expo (AROGYA): 6-9th Nov 2014. International Buyer Seller
Meet for Ayush, Herbal & Nutraceutical Products: 7-8th Nov 2014. Pharmexcil Circular
PXL/H.O./CIR-045/2014-15. 08 September 2014. Available at:
http://www.pharmexcil.com/circulars/viewcirculars/6053/55b2e2a945b5e87b1745aec356d02ab2.h
tml
3.8.
Ispaghula supply short until May 2015
03 October 2014
On 26 June 2014, just following the finish of the 2014 ispaghula harvest in India, we reported on
market predictions of short supplies and higher prices until close of next possible harvest in May of
2015. In the meantime the predictions have reportedly come true.
Both the husk (dried seed coat or epidermis) and the dried ripe seed of ‘ispaghula’, a.k.a. ‘Indian
psyllium’ (Plantago ovata) are used the world over as bulk-forming laxative medicinal ingredients of
drug products for relieving constipation.
Major European and American importers and distributors of ispaghula ingredients have issued new
statements this month about the current market situation.
C.E. Roeper GmbH (Hamburg, Germany) reports that unfortunately the 2014 harvest has resulted in
an approximate 25% shortfall. According to Jörn Herrmann, Managing Director of C.E. Roeper,
‘Consequently, prices have continued to increase considerably, both those for conventional and
organic qualities.’
In America, BI Nutraceuticals (Long Beach, California), one of the leading importers and distributors of
psyllium ingredients, estimates however that supply is about 10% less than last year and that nearly
80% of the 2014 crop has already been secured by product manufacturers and traders. This leaves
only about 20% of the crop to carry through the next harvest in March 2015. It is also possible that
there will be no carryover at all into 2015.
In his monthly industry update, George Pontiakos, President and CEO of BI Nutraceuticals stated ‘We
are already witnessing the situation having a significant impact with Psyllium pricing; raw material
pricing is currently double over last year and is expected to keep rising day by day until the next crop.
The current strength of the rupee versus the US dollar is also not helping the situation. Suppliers will
not be holding quotes for more than 24 hours, which may not be guaranteed in this tight of market.’
Sources:
1. Herrmann J. Psyllium. Roeper Sien Newsletter. September 2014.
2. Market Insider. Short supply and price increases foreseen for 2014 ispaghula crop. ITC Market
Insider for Medicinal Plants & Natural Ingredients. 26 June 2014. Available at:
http://www.intracen.org/itc/blogs/market-insider/Short-supply-and-price-increases-foreseen-for2014-ispaghula-crop/
3. Pontiakos G. Limited available stock of psyllium escalates price by day. BI Nutraceuticals —
Nutraceutical Times. 23 September 2014.
14
4. Markets for Latin American Medicinal Plants and Extracts
4.1.
Mexico’s proposal to reclassify 200 medicinal plants could cost
30,000 jobs and 130 billion pesos
03 November 2014
Last year COFEPRIS (Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risk, Mexican
Department of Health) prepared a list of 200 medicinal plants that they proposed for prohibition from
use in (presently) unlicensed herbal medicinal products like herbal teas and in herbal dietary
supplement products. The proposed regulatory reclassification of certain herbs has since moved
forward to COFEMER (Federal Regulatory Improvement Commission, Mexican Federal Ministry of
Economy) and reportedly now awaits the signature of President Enrique Peña Nieto. The list of herbs
was also distributed to Mexican herbal industry in October 2014.
Opponents believe that, if enacted, this regulation would be an attack on indigenous traditional
Mexican herbal medicine, could remove many affordable and effective traditional medicines from the
market, hurt local economies and set up unfair competition because only well-funded pharmaceutical
companies would be able to afford the costs of pre-marketing authorization and production of
approved herbal medicinal products under the new requirements.
The proposed list of restricted herbs includes these economically important medicinal plants, among
many others:
Agave (Agave tequilana var. azul) inulin (from agave stems);
Aloe (Aloe vera) leaf, leaf juice and inner leaf juice;
Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides) aerial parts;
German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) flower;
Mexican árnica (Heterotheca inuloides) flower;
Mexican valerian (Valeriana edulis ssp. procera) root;
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) aerial parts; and
Sarsaparilla (Smilax moranensis, S. subpubescens, S. cordifolia, S. jalapensis, S. ludellii and
other Smilax species) root;
According to the trade association COPARMEX (Mexican Confederation of Business Owners), the
reclassification will cause significant economic harm leading to the loss of 30,000 jobs, will adversely
affect Mexico’s exports of medicinal herbs, open the door to illegal products, unfair competition, and a
total annual economic impact of 130 billion pesos (= USD $2.23 million). As an example, COPARMEX
estimated that the proposed new restrictions on use and trade of aloe-containing products alone
would affect about 7,000 jobs in the state of Tamaulipas, a major aloe cultivation region.
On 24 September 2014, the international member-funded activist network known as “AVAAZ”
launched an online campaign to collect signatures for a petition opposing the measure, to be
delivered to the Mexican government. At the time of this writing there were over 61,200 signatures
with a goal of at least 75,000 signatures.
15
On 14 October 2014, Dip. Roberto López Suárez, Deputy of the Legislature of the Mexican Congress
representing the state of Zacatecas, put forth a proposal to the Department of Health demanding they
postpone implementation of the medicinal plants ban and also to establish a working group to find a
reasonable alternative solution to address the safety concerns expressed by COFEPRIS. His public
statement articulated that the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages countries to support and
promote the use of traditional herbal medicines and that the Mexican government should not be
working to restrict access to such traditional remedies, which are generally more accessible and
affordable than pharmaceutical drug products.
Sources:
1. ¡Di NO a la Prohibición de Plantas Medicinales en México!. Avaaz.org. 24 September 2014.
2. Diputado Roberto López Suárez. Proposición con punto de acuerdo para exhortar a la Secretaría
de Salud y la Cofepris a postergar la prohibición del uso de plantas medicinales. Ágora Boletín
del Grupo Parlamentario del PRD. 14 de octubre de 2014; Segunda época n° 497; 5-6. Available
at: http://diputadosprd.org.mx/docs/agora/497.pdf
3. Manzanilla y otras plantas medicinales, por ser prohibidas en tés. El Seminario. 15 de octubre de
2014.
4. Prohíben el uso de plantas medicinales en México. Bitácora Cultural. 16 de octubre de 2014.
4.2.
Peruvian Sacha Inchi is now GRAS in the USA
13 October 2014
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis), a plant of Peruvian biodiversity, occurs naturally in high altitude
rainforests of the Andean region and is also cultivated there by local smallholder farmers. A nutritious
oil, characterized by high content of unsaturated fatty acids (omega 3, 6 and 9), is obtained from its
star-shaped seeds.
Up until now, Peruvian enterprises faced uncertainties and technical barriers to US market access
and trade because sacha inchi did not have formal recognition as being “Generally Recognized as
Safe” (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In response to requests from Peru,
ITC provided technical support for the development of a GRAS dossier. In 2013, food ingredient and
GRAS expert Diane McColl, B.S. Pharm., J.D., of Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C. (Washington,
DC) was identified and selected by ITC to head up the project to prepare the GRAS dossier.
The 130-page GRAS notice was submitted to FDA on 10 March 2014. Six months later on 10
September 2014, FDA responded that they had no questions regarding the GRAS determination for
the sacha inchi oil uses specified in the GRAS notice. This means that sacha inchi oil is now permitted
for use in the US as an ingredient in a range of food products including bars (such as granola, energy,
protein and nutrition bars), breakfast cereals, condiments and relishes such as tapenades and
16
hummus, chocolates, fats and oils (salad dressings, margarine-like spreads, salad oil), gravies, seed
and nut butters, and snack foods.
With this very positive development in the US, significant export growth is predicted.
Sources:
1. McColl DB. GRAS determination for the use of Sacha Inchi Oil in select foods. Washington, DC.
07 February 2014. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-foodsgen/documents/document/ucm403106.pdf
2. Market analysis for three Peruvian natural ingredients. Geneva: ITC. 12 September 2013.
Available at: http://www.intracen.org/Market-analysis-for-three-Peruvian-natural-ingredients/
3. GRAS assessment dossier prepared for Peruvian Sacha Inchi. Geneva: ITC Trade and
Environment Unit. 05 May 2014. Available at: http://www.intracen.org/news/GRAS-assessmentdossier-prepared-for-Peruvian-Sacha-Inchi/
Image source: Sacha Inchi photo by Josef A. Brinckmann, December 2012
17
5. Markets for Oceanian Medicinal Plants and Extracts
5.1.
Sandalwood value-adding in Erromango, Vanuatu for the first time
Photo: Anna Charlie and Odman Netvunei of Port Narvin, distilling and bottling Erromango
sandalwood oil © 2014 Jeff Allen, Pacific Provender Ltd. For more information about Pacific
Provender Ltd. please visit: http://www.pacificprovender.com/home/
08 December 2014
Santalum austrocaledonicum, known as ‘New Caledonia Sandalwood’ and/or ‘Vanuatu Sandalwood’
is a tree endemic to the Republic of Vanuatu and to the (French) Territory of New Caledonia and
Dependencies. The tree is naturally distributed mostly in the Western part of the islands in Vanuatu
where it is naturally growing. The essential oil obtained from the heartwood is used as a component of
natural cosmetic products as well as for medicinal purposes including in the practice of aromatherapy.
According to an article published in the Vanuatu Daily Post this month:
8
‘For the first time ever sandalwood oil has been produced on the sandalwood rich island of
Erromango. Since early 1800s people have been buying, trading and stealing sandalwood from
Erromango to take to other countries for processing to essential oil for perfumes and other products.
Jeff Allen from Pacific Provender Limited and Jif Willie Netai from the Erromango Sandalwood and
Essential Oil Association has been planning this venture for the last 14 years.’
Erromango is the largest island in Tafea, the southernmost province of Vanuatu.
About the essential oil equipment built and installed on Erromango island, the article goes on to state:
‘The machinery that Allen has built and set up runs from wood for making steam so this directly
creates another 2 or 3 jobs just to keep the firewood coming. Also no pumps are used as it is gravity
fed water but a pump is on stand-by. Also a 20HP steam engine is hooked up to the boiler so as to be
producing power whilst processing sandalwood oil. The main waste stream is hot clean water.’
Allen and Netai aim to have this type of operation set up in every sandalwood producing island of
Vanuatu and to further diversify in order to add oils of other medicinal and aromatic plants that can be
processed using the same equipment such as, for example, oil of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale).
Sources:
1. History made on Erromango. Vanuatu Daily Post. Available at: http://www.dailypost.vu/
2. Lui WJ. Vanuatu sandalwood regulations and development. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Vanuatu
Department of Forests.
3. Pacific Provender Limited website: http://www.pacificprovender.com/home/
4. Thomson LAJ. Santalum austrocaledonicum and Santalum yasi (sandalwood), Species Profile for
Pacific Island Agroforestry. Holualoa, Hawai’i.
18
5.2.
Endemic Australian medicinal plant lemon myrtle: a new economic
crop for Malaysia?
Image source: Australian Native Food Industry Limited (ANFIL). Lemon myrtle plantation:
http://www.anfil.org.au/wp-content/uploads//trees-in-plantation.bmp
24 November 2014
Backhousia citriodora, known as ‘lemon myrtle’ is a medium-sized tree of Australian biodiversity
endemic to rainforest areas of coastal Queensland as well as northeastern New South Wales.
Australian medical herbalists indicate its use as a remedy in the treatment of common cold and flu
symptoms, prepared as an herbal tea infusion, as a tincture or as a component of lozenges or tablets.
Tincture of lemon myrtle as well as essential oil distilled from the leaves is also administered topically
for treating other conditions.
A listed medicine that was granted marketing authorization in 2002 by Australian Therapeutic Good
Administration (TGA) is a medicated lozenge called ‘Herbal Immune Advantage’ that contains lemon
myrtle as an active ingredient in combination with several other native Australian medicinal plants
including aniseed myrtle (Anetholea anisata), broad-leaved peppermint (Eucalyptus dives), cut-leaf
mintbush (Prostanthera incisa), and strawberry gum (Eucalyptus olida),
Although used medicinally for thousands of years in traditional aboriginal medicine, the
commercialization and export trade of lemon myrtle leaf and its essential oil coincided with the 2000
Sydney Olympics, this according to an article published this week in NUTRAingredients.com. The
Olympics organizers worked to promote native Australian products such as lemon myrtle, which has
really taken off in the meantime. Formed in 2006, the not-for-profit organization Australian Native
Food Industry Limited (ANFIL), a national body that promotes the reputation of Australian native foods
and has an aboriginal advisory committee, promotes lemon myrtle as one of Australia’s key native
species.
Now fifteen years on, an international market for lemon myrtle leaf has been established and
continues to grow, especially in other member states of the Commonwealth of Nations such as
Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The Natural and Non-prescription Health Products
Directorate (NNHPD) of Canada now permits the use of lemon myrtle leaf as a non-medicinal
component of oral ingestion licensed Natural Health Products (NHPs) and the use of lemon myrtle
essential oil as a component of topical administration NHPs.
The European Commission Health and Consumers Directorate General lists two lemon myrtle
ingredients permitted for use in cosmetic products in the European Union; ‘Backhousia Citriodora Leaf
Extract’ for astringent and/or skin conditioning functions and ‘Backhousia Citriodora Leaf Oil’ for
masking and perfuming functions.
The first commercial lemon myrtle farms were established in New South Wales where it was initially
19
grown as an essential oil crop for the body care industry. Also operating in New South Wales, one of
the first growers to harvest lemon myrtle leaf for the herbal tea industry was horticulturist Ian Twyford.
In 2009, ‘Qzen Plantations Sdn Bhd’ was established in Malaysia with Mr. Twyford acting as its
technical director. Under Malaysian quarantine rules, lemon myrtle cuttings were imported for
experimental cultivation in order to determine feasibility of growing the crop outside of its geographical
origin of Australia.
Qzen Plantations has now announced that they have succeeded in growing lemon myrtle of
comparable quality to geo-authentic Australian lemon myrtle. Additionally they state that their
Malaysian farms have an approximately one-third higher yield advantage due to no winter season.
They claim to be the first commercial lemon myrtle growing operation situated outside of Australia with
organic certification. They are now listed as a certified organic producer and processor of lemon
myrtle dried herb and essential oil, inspected and certified by the non-profit organization Australia
Certified Organic (ACO).
Certified organic growers and exporters of lemon myrtle within its geographical origin include
Barbushco Pty Ltd in New South Wales (http://barbushco.com.au/) and Lemon Myrtle Farms in
Queensland (http://lemonmyrtlefarms.com.au/).
Sources:
1. Australian Native Food Industry Limited (ANFIL) website: http://www.anfil.org.au/
2. European Commission Directorate General Health & Consumers. Cosmetic Ingredients and
Substances (CosIng) Database. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission.
3. Interhealth Biosciences Australia Pty Ltd. Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) Entry
82412: Herbal Immune Advantage lozenge. 03 July 2002.
4. Lassak EV. Revision of Backhousia citriodora Essential Oil Standard. Publication No. 11/137.
Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), Commonwealth of Australia.
2012.
5. Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD). Licensed Natural and Nonprescription Health Products Database. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada.
6. Pengelly A. Australian medicinal plant: Backhousia citriodora. Australian Journal of Medical
Herbalism. 1991;3(3):39-40.
7. Qzen Plantations Sdn Bhd website: http://qzenplantations.com/
8. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) List of USDA Certified Organic Operations:
http://apps.ams.usda.gov/nop/
9. Whitehead RJ. Aboriginal functional favourite revived by Sydney games. NUTRAingredientsUSA.com. 20 November 2014.
20
6. Sustainable use of Biodiversity News
6.1.
Fundraiser to support sustainable use of African medicinal trees
01 December 2014
Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) is participating in a fundraiser to support the
sustainable use of African medicinal trees that are facing extinction in the wild. The focus medicinal
tree species of the present campaign is pygeum (Prunus africana).
According to BGCI ‘Many other medicinal trees in Africa are currently threatened by unsustainable
harvesting techniques and an increase in demand for their products. BGCI plans to highlight the
medicinal tree species that are threatened and are most valued by local communities in Africa. We
will work with botanic gardens across Africa to assess how these trees are propagated and cultivated
and produce a manual of best practice. We will facilitate the sharing of information between botanic
gardens and local communities, provide training sessions and facilitate the provision of material so
that local communities can grow medicinal trees on their own land.’
The Big Give Christmas Challenge runs over 4-6 December 2014. From 10am on each of these days,
any donation made could be doubled. To increase the chance of your donation being doubled, it is
important to donate as close to 10am as possible.
Source:
1. BGCI. The Big Give Christmas Challenge. 28 November 2014:
http://www.bgci.org/resources/news/1186/
21
6.2.
Greening traditional Chinese medicine industry supply chains
29 October 2014
TRAFFIC, a strategic alliance of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the International Union
for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), aims to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a
threat to the conservation of nature.
Last week, at the twelfth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD
CoP12) in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, TRAFFIC presented four case-studies, including one
focused on China’s Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) industry, to illustrate the organization's work
in supporting sustainable wild-harvesting and equitable trade in medicinal and aromatic plants
(MAPs).
The case-study describes the project titled “Engaging the private sector in sustainable management of
medicinal plants—the multiplier effect” being implemented over a period of 24 months and supported
through the European Union (EU)-China Environmental Governance Programme (EGP). Project
partners include TRAFFIC, the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies (WFCMS), Wecome
Pharmaceutical Ltd and the WWF China Programme Office.
Since the launch of the program in November 2013, five TCM companies from Zhejiang and Hunan
provinces have signed a sustainability commitment declaration, demonstrating their interest in moving
towards greening their supply chains; Zhejiang Wecome Pharmaceutical Ltd, Zhejiang Shenghua
Medicine Co., Hunan Songlintang TCM Co., Yunhe Zizhutang TCM Development Co., and Zhejiang
Wangjing She Ethnic Medicine Co.
Some of the Chinese medicinal plants prioritized for implementation of best practices sustainability
standards in this project include:
Honeysuckle flower bud (Lonicera japonica);
Magnolia bark (Magnolia officinalis); and
Wormwood leaf (Artemisia argyi).
Sources:
1. TRAFFIC. Sustainable use and conservation of wild plants critical to achieving Aichi Biodiversity
Targets. 20 October 2014. Available at: http://www.traffic.org/home/2014/10/20/sustainable-useand-conservation-of-wild-plants-critical-to.html
2. TRAFFIC. Project case-study: Greening traditional Chinese medicine industry supply chains in
China. Available at: http://www.traffic.org/cbd-files/TRAFFIC-TCM-Case-Study.pdf
22
7. Currency Rates of Exchange
Rates of Exchange: 09 December 2014
CURRENCY
Chinese Yuan Renminbi
EURO
Indian Rupee
Nepalese Rupee
Russian Ruble
United States Dollar
CODE
UNITS 1 / USD
UNITS 1 / EUR
CNY
EUR
INR
NPR
RUB
USD
6.18703
0.808673
62.0410
99.0399
54.1541
1.0000
7.62431
1.0000
76.7352
122.488
66.9650
1.23673
Source: XE Currency Converter: http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/
8. Indicative Prices for Selected Medicinal Botanical Ingredients
Note: Prices should be considered indicative only and reflect the price of a product of a specific grade
or quality from the specified origin. Great care should be taken when comparing prices of medicinal
herbs of different origins, grade, qualities and quantities.
AJOWAN FRUIT
Botanical name: Trachyspermum ammi / Hindi name: Ajwain / Sanskrit name: Yavani
Pharmacopoeial name: Trachyspermi Ammi Fructus
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) flatulence with a gurgling sound; b)
distension of abdomen due to obstruction to passage of urine and stools; c)
diseases of abdomen; d) abdominal lump; e) intestinal parasites; f) sharp piercing
pain.
Traditional Unani Medicine: a) flatulence in the stomach; b) gastric pain; c)
anorexia; d) colic; e) pertussis; f) diarrhea; g) hysteria; h) cholera.
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
Kurnool Market
Andhra Pradesh,
India
10228~10228 INR / Quintal
(modal price: 10228 INR /
Quintal)
$1.648 / kg
(modal price: $1.648 kg)
09.12.2014
Jamnagar
Market, Gujarat
10000~13475 INR / Quintal
(modal price: 11738 INR /
Quintal)
$1.61~$2.17 / kg
(modal price: $1.89 / kg)
09.12.2014
AMLA FRUIT
Botanical name: Phyllanthus emblica / Chinese name: Yuganzi (餘甘子)
Hindi name: Amla / Nepalese name: Amala / Sanskrit name: Amalaki
Pharmacopoeial name: Phyllanthi Fructus
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) bleeding disorders; b) hyperacidity; c)
increased frequency and turbidity or urine; d) burning sensation.
Medicinal uses: Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) to remove heat in the blood and blood stasis;
b) maldigestion; c) dyspepsia, abdominal pain; e) cough; sore throat, and dryness
of the mouth.
CONVERTED
MARKET
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
Nepalgunj
70 NPR / kg
$0.7068 / kg
30.11.2014
Market Nepal
Tanakpur Market
69 NPR / kg
$0.6967 / kg
30.11.2014
India
23
ASHWAGANDHA ROOT
Botanical name: Withania somnifera / Sanskrit name: Asvagandha
Pharmacopoeial name: Withaniae Somniferae Radix
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) inflammatory disorders; b) phthisis (any
wasting or atrophic disease, weakness, diseases due to vata dosha); and c) male
impotence.
Traditional Siddha Medicine: a) oligospermia; b) lancinating pain; c) loss of
Medicinal uses:
body strength; d) anemia; e) convulsions/seizures/fits; f) disordered humor; g)
eczema; h) edema/swelling; and i) tuberculosis.
Traditional Unani Medicine: a) leucorrhoea; b) spermatorrhoea; c) decreased
viscosity of semen; d) sexual debility; e) lumbago; f) arthritis.
CONVERTED
MARKET
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
Madhya Pradesh
27500 INR / Quintal
$4.43 / kg
08.12.2014
Mandi
BARBARY WOLFBERRY FRUIT
Botanical name: Lycium barbarum / Chinese name: gou qi zi (枸杞子)
Pharmacopoeial name: Lycii Fructus
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) general debility with deficiency of vital
Medicinal uses: essence manifested by aching of the loins and knees, dizziness and tinnitus; b)
diabetes caused by internal heat; c) anemia; d) impaired vision.
CONVERTED
MARKET
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
(Ningxia origin)
(380 Grade)
$10.50 / kg
09.12.2014
Anguo Market
65.00 CNY / kg
(Xinjiang origin)
(380 Grade)
$9.69 / kg
09.12.2014
Anguo market
60.00 CNY / kg
CALAMUS RHIZOME
Botanical name: Acorus calamus
Chinese name: zang chang pu (藏菖蒲) / Nepalese name: Bojho / Sanskrit name: Vaca
Pharmacopoeial name: Acori Calami Rhizoma
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) colic pain; b) epilepsy; c) asthma; d)
constipation; e) mania; f) flatulence; g) otorrhoea; and h) weak memory
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) to tonify stomach yang; b) treat maldigestion
and food stagnation; c) diphtheria.
CONVERTED
MARKET
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
Nepalgunj
90 NPR / kg
$0.9087 / kg
30.11.2014
Market Nepal
CHIRATA HERB
Botanical name: Swertia chirayita
Nepalese name: Chiraito (चिराइतो, तततो) / Sanskrit name: Kiratatikta
Pharmacopoeial name: Swertiae Herba
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) fever; b) thirst; c) burning sensation; d)
inflammation; e) skin diseases; f) ulcer; g) intestinal worms; h) itching; and i)
excessive flow of urine.
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
Kathmandu
Market Nepal
550 NPR / kg
$5.55 / kg
30.11.2014
24
CRANBERRY FRUIT
Botanical name: Vaccinium macrocarpon
French name: canneberge / Spanish name: arándano agrio
Pharmacopoeial name: Macrocarponii Fructus
Traditional Western Herbal Medicine: a) to help prevent recurrent urinary tract
Medicinal uses:
infections
CONVERTED
MARKET
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
Ex-warehouse
New Jersey
US$2.25 / lb
(Min. qty: 1,000 lbs)
$4.96 / kg
(Min. qty: 454 kg)
08.12.2014
FENNEL FRUIT
Botanical name: Foeniculum vulgare
Chinese name: xiao hui xiang (小茴香) / Hindi name: Saunf / Sanskrit name: Misreya
Pharmacopoeial name: Foeniculi Fructus
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) digestive impairment; b) colic pain; c) cough;
d) vitiated blood; e) dysentery; and f) piles.
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) treatment of scrotal hernia with pain and cold
extremities; b) dysmenorrhea with lower abdominal pain and cold sensation; and
c) distending pain in the epigastrium with anorexia.
Traditional European Medicine: a) symptomatic treatment of mild, spasmodic
gastrointestinal complaints including bloating, and flatulence; b) symptomatic
treatment of minor spasm associated with menstrual periods; and c) as an
expectorant in cough associated with cold.
MARKET
Chennai Market
Tamil Nadu
FOB
Egyptian Port
Chengdu Market
Sichuan
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
120.00 INR / kg
$1.936 / kg
08.12.2014
US$1440~1754 / MT
(Qty 12.5 MT / 20’ FCL)
$1.44~$1.754 / kg
14.11.2014
10.50 CNY / kg
$1.70 / kg
09.12.2014
FENUGREEK SEED
Botanical name: Trigonella foenum-graecum
Chinese name: hu lu ba (胡蘆巴) / Sanskrit name: Methi
Pharmacopoeial name: Trigonellae Foenugraeci Semen
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) malabsorption syndrome; b) fever; c)
increased frequency and turbidity of urine; and d) loss of taste sensation.
Medicinal uses:
MARKET
Chennai Market
Tamil Nadu
FOB Egyptian
Port
Mumbai Market
Maharashtra
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) cold syndrome of the kidney due to yang
deficiency marked by pain and coldness in the lower abdomen; b) hernia; and c)
weakness and edema of the legs caused by cold-damp.
Traditional European Medicine: a) (oral) temporary loss of appetite; b)
(cutaneous) symptomatic treatment of minor inflammations of the skin.
CONVERTED
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
75.00 INR / kg
US$1188 / MT
(Qty: 20 MT / 20’ FCL)
7600~10800 INR / quintal
(modal price: 9200 INR)
$1.21 / kg
08.12.2014
$1.188 / kg
04.12.2014
$1.23~$1.74 / kg
(modal price: $1.48 / kg)
09.12.2014
25
GINGER RHIZOME
Botanical name: Zingiber officinale
Chinese name: gan jiang (干姜) / Nepalese name: Sutho (सठ
ु ो) / Sanskrit name: Sunthi
Pharmacopoeial name: Zingiberis Rhizoma
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) digestive impairment; b) flatulence; c)
anemia; d) asthma; e) abdominal diseases; and f) rheumatism.
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) epigastric pain with cold feeling, vomiting and
diarrhea accompanied with cold extremities and faint pulse; and b) dyspnea and
Medicinal uses:
cough with copious expectoration.
Traditional European Medicine: a) symptomatic relief of motion sickness; and
b) symptomatic treatment of mild, spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints including
bloating and flatulence.
CONVERTED
MARKET
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
(Yunnan origin)
23.00 CNY / kg
$3.71 / kg
09.12.2014
Yulin Market
Cochin Market
210.00~230.00 INR /kg
$3.39~$3.71 / kg
08.12.2014
Kerala, India
Nepalgunj Market
230.00 NPR / kg
$2.32 / kg
30.11.2014
Nepal
GRIFFONIA SEED
Medicinal uses:
MARKET
FOB
Accra, Ghana
Botanical name: Griffonia simplicifolia
Pharmacopoeial name: Griffoniae Semen
New uses: L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) isolated from Griffonia seed is
taken orally: a) to help promote healthy mood balance; b) to help relieve
symptoms of fibromyalgia; c) to help reduce the severity and duration of migraine
headaches when taken as a prophylactic; d) as a sleep aid.
CONVERTED
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
Depends on quantity
(minimum qty. about 12.5
US$7.00~$10.00 / kg
11.11.2014
MT / 20’ FCL)
ISPAGHULA SEED
Medicinal uses:
MARKET
Botanical name: Plantago ovata
Pharmacopoeial name: Plantaginis Ovatae Semen
Well-established uses: a) for the treatment of habitual constipation; and b) for
conditions in which easy defecation with soft stool is desirable, e.g. in cases of
painful defecation after rectal or anal surgery, anal fissures and hemorrhoids.
CONVERTED
PRICE
DATE OF PRICE
TO US$ / kg
NMCE
Spot Price
8650.00 INR / quintal
$1.396 / kg
09.12.2014
Unjha Market
Gujarat
7955~9825 INR/quintal
(modal price: 9000
INR/quintal)
$1.28~$1.58 / kg
(modal Price: $1.45 / kg)
09.12.2014
JATAMANSI ROOT AND RHIZOME
Botanical name: Nardostachys jatamansi
Chinese name: gan song (甘松) / Nepalese name: Jatamansi (जटामसी) / Sanskrit name:
Jatamansi / Pharmacopoeial name: Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) diseases of skin; b) erysipelas (bacterial
skin infection); c) burning sensation; d) mental disorders; e) insomnia.
26
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) epigastric and abdominal distension with
anorexia and vomiting; b) external use for toothache and swelling of the foot.
MARKET
(Sichuan origin)
Chengdu Mkt.
Kathmandu
Market Nepal
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
30.00 CNY / kg
$4.84 / kg
09.12.2014
625.00 NPR / kg
$6.31 / kg
30.11.2014
LIQUORICE ROOT
Botanical name(s): Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflata, or G. glabra
Chinese name: gan cao (甘草) / Sanskrit name: Yasti
Pharmacopoeial name: Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) cough; b) hoarseness of voice; c) phthisis
(any wasting or atrophic disease, weakness, diseases due to vata dosha); d)
ulcer; and e) gout,
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) weakness of the spleen and the stomach
marked by lassitude and weakness; b) cardiac palpitation and shortness of
breath; c) cough with much phlegm; d) spasmodic pain in the epigastrium,
abdomen and limbs; e) carbuncles and sores; and f) often added to formulas to
reduce drastic or toxic effects of other drugs.
Traditional European Medicine: a) for the relief of digestive symptoms including
burning sensation and dyspepsia; and b) used as an expectorant in cough
associated with cold.
MARKET
(Gansu origin)
Yulin Market
Inner Mongolia
(Xinjiang origin)
Chengdu mkt.
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
17.00~18.00 CNY / kg
$2.75~$2.91 / kg
09.12.2014
10.00 CNY / kg
$1.62 / kg
09.12.2014
16.00 CNY / kg
$2.58 / kg
09.12.2014
MAHUA FLOWER
Botanical name: Madhuca indica (Syn.: M. latifolia)
Hindi name: Mahuwa / Sanskrit name: Gudapushpa
Pharmacopoeial name: Madhucae Flos
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) asthma; b) burning sensation; c) wound; d)
phthisis (wasting disease); e) thirst; f) fatigue, lethargy
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
Doranpal Market
Chhattisgarh
1500 INR / quintal
$0.242 / kg
09.12.2014
NIGELLA SEED
Botanical name: Nigella sativa
Hindi name: Kalaunji (कलौंजी) Sanskrit name: Upakuncika
Pharmacopoeial name: Nigellae Semen
27
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) abdominal lump; b) flatulence; c) diarrhea;
d) worm infestation.
MARKET
PRICE
FOB
Egyptian Port
FOB
Egyptian Port
US$3140 / per MT
(Grade 1)
US$2715 / per MT
(Grade 2)
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
$3.14 / kg
14.11.2014
$2.715 / kg
14.11.2014
SCHISANDRA FRUIT - NORTHERN
Botanical name: Schisandra chinensis
Chinese name: Beiwuweizi (北五味子)
Pharmacopoeial name: Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) chronic cough and dyspnea of deficiency type;
b) dream emission and spermatorrhea; c) enuresis and frequent urination; d)
chronic diarrhea; e) spontaneous sweating and night sweating; f) thirst caused by
fluid consumption; g) interior heat-wasting thirst; h) palpitation and insomnia
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
(Liaoning origin)
Anguo Market
Hebei
45.00 CNY / kg
$7.27 / kg
09.12.2014
SCHISANDRA FRUIT - SOUTHERN
Botanical name: Schisandra sphenanthera
Chinese name: Nanwuweizi (南五味子)
Pharmacopoeial name: Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) chronic cough and dyspnea of deficiency type;
b) dream emission and spermatorrhea; c) enuresis and frequent urination; d)
chronic diarrhea; e) spontaneous sweating and night sweating; f) thirst caused by
fluid consumption; g) interior heat-wasting thirst; h) palpitation and insomnia
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
Chengdu Market
Sichuan
25.00 CNY / kg
$4.04 / kg
09.12.2014
SENNA POD - TINNEVELLY
Botanical name: Cassia angustifolia
Pharmacopoeial name: Sennae Angustifoliae Fructus
Medicinal uses:
Well-established uses: a) for short-term use in cases of occasional constipation.
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
FOB Mumbai
Port
US$2135 / per MT
(Qty: 26 MT / 40’ FCL)
$2.135 / kg
09.12.2014
28
SHATAVARI ROOT
Botanical name: Asparagus racemosus
Nepalese name: Satawari (Kurilo) / Sanskrit name: Satavari
Pharmacopoeial name: Asparagi Racemosus Radix
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine: a) hyperacidity; b) piles; c) diarrhea; d)
abdominal lump; e) phthisis (any wasting or atrophic disease); f) diarrhea with
blood; g) bleeding disorder; h) disorders of blood i) gout; j) erysipelas (bacterial
skin infection); k) inflammation; l) duodenal ulcer; m) urinary disorders; n)
hoarseness of voice; o) night blindness; p) puerperal disease; q) vitiation of breast
milk; r) insufficient lactation
Traditional Unani Medicine: a) diarrhea; b) spermatorrhea; c) excessive
nocturnal emission; d) leucorrhoea; e) premature ejaculation; f) dysentery
MARKET
PRICE
CONVERTED
TO US$ / kg
DATE OF PRICE
Nepalgunj
Market Nepal
200~300 NPR / kg
$2.02~$3.03 / kg
30.11.2014
Price Sources
China:
Chengdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Price Index: http://www.ysindex.com
Chinese Medicinal Herb E-Commerce Office: http://www.zyctd.com/
Egypt:
Private companies
India:
Agmarknet, Directorate of Marketing & Inspection (DMI), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of
India: http://agmarknet.nic.in/arrivals1.htm
Madhya Pradesh State Agricultural Marketing Board (Mandi Board): http://mpmandiboard.gov.in/
National Multi-Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (NMCE):
http://www.nmce.com/marketdata/SpotPriceInfo.aspx
Private companies
Spices Board India: http://www.indianspices.com/php/domestic_weekly.php
Nepal:
Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources: http://www.ansab.org/
USA:
Private companies
29
9. Selected Events
December 2-4, 2014
Health ingredients Europe (HiE) & Natural ingredients (Ni)
Health ingredients Europe (HiE) & Natural ingredients (Ni) is one of leading global events for
ingredients used in dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, functional foods and healthy beverages.
Amsterdam, Kingdom of the Netherlands
http://www.figlobal.com/hieurope/home
December 4-8, 2014
NHI KOREA 2014, NHE & BIO-Pharma 2014 — co-located with World Food Expo 2014
Natural Health Ingredients, Extracts, Nutraceutical Products & Bio-Pharma Expo 2014
Exhibitors: Suppliers of botanical extracts, essential oils, nutraceutical & pharmaceutical ingredients,
health food Ingredients, herbal preparations, food additives, seasonings.
KINTEX (Korea International Exhibition Center), Gayong City, Republic of Korea
http://www.worldfoodexpo.co.kr/?doc=list_read.php&id=notice&number=36
December 19-23, 2014
International Herbal Fair 2014
Sponsored by the National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) and organized by Madhya Pradesh State
Minor Forest Produce (Trade & Development) Co-operative Federation, Ltd., participants include
harvesters of wild non-timber forest products (NTFPs), manufacturers and traders of herbal products.
There will be 300 exhibition stalls for herbal raw materials and finished products as well as a buyer /
seller meet and an NTFP in Ayurveda conference.
Lal Parade Ground, Near Police Headquarters
Jahangirabad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Republic of India
http://www.mpintherbalfair.net/
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January 22-23, 2015
ZAK INDIA HERBAL EXPO – co-located under 13th ZAK Salaam India Expo 2015
ZAK Exhibitions (Singapore) Pte Ltd is organizing this “Source from India” Expo called ZAK Salaam
India Expo under its umbrella presents an exclusive Exhibition & Trade Fair of Indian Products &
Services from multiple industry sectors including the herbal sector.
Republic of Singapore
http://www.zaksalaamindia.com/
January 28-30, 2015
International Conference on “Medicinal Plants and Herbal Drugs for Human Welfare” (ICMP2015)
Conference themes include: Validation of traditional knowledge on herbal medicines; Conservation of
medicinal plants; Biotechnology of medicinal plants; Bioprospecting of medicinal plants for herbal
drugs; Bioactive lead molecules from medicinal plants; Commercialization of herbal drugs; Challenges
and prospects in herbal drugs; PR and herbal drugs.
Chennai, Republic of India
http://casbunom.com/conference/
February 10-11, 2015
3rd International Symposium on Minor Fruits, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (ISMF & MAP)
Organized by the International Society for Minor Fruits, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants with Fruit
Science Society of Bangladesh and Seed Science Society of Bangladesh, symposium themes include
biodiversity & conservation, propagation, postharvest management, processing & value addition,
environment & climate change, marketing & entrepreneurship.
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, People’s Republic of Bangladesh
http://sssb-bau.org/latest-notice/8-3rd-international-symposium-on-minor-fruits-medicinal-aromaticplants-ismf-map
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February 17-18, 2015
25. Bernburger Winterseminar für Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen
Two-day German language scientific seminar on topics including agricultural methods and practices
for cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants, as well as post-harvest processing, quality control,
new research and trade-related issues.
Bernburg, Federal Republic of Germany
http://www.saluplanta.de/
February 23-26, 2015
The International Conference of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Conference topics include good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) for medicinal and aromatic
plants (MAPs), organic production of MAPs and impact on environment, producing MAPs according to
international standards, sustainable use of wild MAPs, value addition of MAPs, saving germplasm,
seedling and tissue culture production, acclimatization of new species, climate change, traditional
herbal medicine practice in different societies, and more.
Desert Research Centre (DRC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
1 Mathaf Al-Mataria-Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt
https://www.facebook.com/events/416390035157658/
March 6-8, 2015
Engredea 2015 — co-located with Natural Products Expo West
Exhibitor profile: Suppliers of botanical and other natural ingredients, packaging, technologies,
equipment, and services.
Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California, United States of America
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http://www.engredea.com/
March 16-19, 2015
International Symposium on Medicinal Plants and Natural Products
International Phytocosmetic Conference (IPC 2015)
Topics will include Medicinal Plants (identification, cultivation, genetics, taxonomy, biodiversity),
Essential Oil (production and use), Pharmacognosy (indigenous practices and innovation), and
Sustainable Practices in Research, Resource Management and Production.
Botanical Gardens, Bogota, Republic of Colombia
http://phytoessence.org/ISMPNP2015/
April 7-10, 2015
International Symposium "The Plant Kingdom: Source of Drugs, Nutraceuticals and
Cosmetics"
Topics include: Role of R&D in Implementing the Nagoya Protocol in Morocco; Challenges and
opportunities of the Nagoya Protocol in cosmetic and health; Traditional knowledge and intellectual
property rights
Marrakech, Kingdom of Morocco
http://www.iocd.ma/
April 13-16, 2015
15th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals (ICSB 15)
Topics include: Cultivation, Collection and Post-Harvest Practices to Assure Production of Quality
Raw Botanical Materials; Authentication, Identification and Purity Assessments of Botanical Raw
Materials, Ingredients and Products; General and Specific Approaches toward establishing Safety,
Efficacy, and Quality of botanicals with modern technologies.
Oxford, Mississippi, United States of America
http://www.oxfordicsb.org/
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April 22-23, 2015
2nd Mediterranean Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MESMAP-2)
The program covers all related aspects of MAPs and NWFPs such as agriculture and forestry, botany,
ethnobotany, herbal medicines, plant biotechnology, phytopharmacology, pharmacognosy, plant
biology, phytochemistry, and aromatherapy.
Antalya, Republic of Turkey
http://www.mesmap.org/
May 5-8, 2015
The 15th International Congress of the International Society for Ethnopharmacology
Topics include Arab-European intercultural ethnopharmacology, biodiversity and ecological aspects of
ethnobotanical sources, ecopharmacognosy and globalization of traditional medicines, quality
assurance, and traditional and modern herbal medicinal products.
Petra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
http://15icse.bau.edu.jo/
May 18-22, 2015
1st Symposium on Natural Products with Impact on Animal and Human Health
II INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
Themes include: Traditional medicine, discovery and development of drugs from medicinal plants
and other natural sources; Processes for obtaining extracts from medicinal plants; Decontamination of
raw materials and natural products; Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals; Regulatory Issues for the
Commercial register of natural products
Havana, Republic of Cuba
http://www.sanidadagropecuaria.com/Talleres/Simposio%20Productos%20Naturales.pdf
34
June 18-21, 2015
TaiHerbs 2015 - Taiwan International Herb and Natural Products Expo
Exhibitor profile: Chinese Raw Herbs, Medicinal Herb / Herbal Remedies, Functional Foods /
Products, Biomedicine and Beauty Products, Test & Inspection Equipment, Health Care & Therapy,
Raw Materials, Equipment & Related Services, Research & Development.
Taipei, Taiwan
http://www.taiherbs.com.tw/en_US/index.html
June 29-July 2, 2015
Society for Economic Botany Conference and Indigenous Plant Use Forum
The main theme of the conference is “Global Vision on Indigenous Plants and Economic Botany”.
There will also be a field trip to a rooibos farm and factory in Clanwilliam, the center of the rooibos
industry. Rooibos is the most important indigenous MAP crop in the region.
Clanwilliam, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
http://www.econbot.org/
July 20-22, 2015
4th International Conference on Agriculture & Horticulture (Agri-2015)
The conference theme is “Enhancing Modern and Sustainable Agricultural Practices” wherein “Spices,
Herbs and Medicinal Plants” and among the listed conference highlights.
Beijing, People’s Republic of China
http://agriculture-horticulture.conferenceseries.com/index.php
August 23-27, 2015
63rd International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural
Product Research (GA)
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Budapest, Hungary
http://ga2015.hu/
October 22-23, 2015
8th Shanghai International Conference on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine
Hosted by the Modern Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry Office of Shanghai Municipality,
the conference theme is technology innovation and industry development.
Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
http://www.s-tcm.com/english.html
November 24-26, 2015
The 7th Conference of the International Seabuckthorn Association (ISA 2015)
Main themes include: Seabuckthorn in environmental conservation; Seabuckthorn resources
development; Post harvest management of seabuckthorn; Seabuckthorn in health protection;
Entrepreneurship development for commercialization of seabuckthorn; International co-operation on
seabuckthorn.
New Delhi, Republic of India
http://www.sanddorn.net/circular_I_revised.pdf
10. Herb Profile: Lycium fruit
Lycium fruit is used as a medicinal ingredient in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Japanese
Kampo Medicine and Traditional Korean Medicine. It is also eaten as a healthy dried fruit snack or
component of health food products. In North America, so-called super-fruit products are marketed
using the name ‘goji berry’, which is an Americanized version of the Chinese name ‘gou qi’. Extracts
of the fruit are also used in natural cosmetic products, for example for astringent, hair conditioning,
and skin conditioning functions,
Nomenclature:
Pharmacopoeial name(s):
Botanical name(s):
Common names:
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
English (EU)
English (US)
Lycii Fructus
Lycium barbarum L., and Lycium chinensis Miller, Fam.: Solanaceae
枸杞子
宁夏枸杞子
クコシ
구기자
gou qi zi
ning xia gou qi zi
ku ko shi
gu gi ja or ku gi cha
Barbary wolfberry fruit
Lycium fruit (often marketed as ‘goji berry’)
Note: While the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (PPRC) specifies the use of
Barbary Wolfberry fruit (Lycium barbarum), both the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and the Korean
Pharmacopoeia also accept the use of Lycium chinensis.
Origin, Natural Distribution and Cultivation:
Lycium barbarum
36
This species grows wild in Gansu Province, northern part of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, northern part of Shanxi
Province, Sichuan Province, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.1
Lycium barbarum var. barbarum has the same geographical scope but is also widely cultivated,
especially in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Lycium barbarum var. auranticarpum occurs in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Lycium chinensis
This species is found growing on slopes, wastelands, saline places, roadsides, and near houses in
parts of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Ningxia
Hui Autonomous Region, as well as in parts of the Provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong,
Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning,
Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. It also may occur in Japan, Mongolia,
Republic of Korea, and Taiwan.
Lycium chinense var. chinense occurs throughout much of the same areas.
Lycium chinense var. potaninii grows wild on sunny slopes, by ditches, and is occasionally
cultivated in parts of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,
and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as well as in some parts of the Provinces of Gansu,
Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Qinghai.
‘Ning xia gou qi zi’ traditionally harvested and processed in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is a
Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product. Lycium fruit products that are produced in
compliance with the PGI standard (GB/T 19742-2008: Product of geographical indication – Ningxia
lycium) may be marketed with the PGI certification mark issued by AQSIQ (General Administration of
Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China).
Therapeutic uses in Traditional Medicine:
Lycii Fructus
Medicinal uses:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: a) general debility with deficiency of vital essence
manifested by aching of the loins and knees, dizziness and tinnitus; b) diabetes
caused by internal heat; c) anemia; d) impaired vision.
HS Codes used for Lycium fruit (Lycii Fructus):
1211.90.31
1211.90.80.90
1211.90.91.102
People’s Republic of China: Commodity Classification for China Customs
Statistics (CCCCS)
United States: Customs Rulings Online Search System (CROSS)
Taiwan: Standard Classification of Commodities of Taiwan (CCC)
Export Trade:
People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the main producer, user and exporter of Lycium fruit. In calendar
year 2013, the PRC exported 9,304,774 kg of Lycium fruit (under CCCCS HS 12119031) with a
reported customs value of US$80,442,367.00, mainly to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
(SAR) of the PRC (much of this destined for re-export), United States of America, Kingdom of the
Netherlands, Malaysia, and Federal Republic of Germany.
The top ten importers of Lycium fruit from the PRC accounted for over 75% of the 2013 export
value and over 70% of the 2013 export quantity.
The top twenty importers of Lycium fruit from the PRC accounted for 93.7% of the 2013 export
value and 93.4% of the 2013 export quantity.
1
Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy. Solanaceae. In: Flora of China, 1994; Vol. 17:
http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume17/Solanaceae.published.pdf
37
Table 1 lists the top 20 importers of Lycium fruit in terms of reported customs value (US$).
PRC does import some very minor quantities of Lycium fruit from Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea (North Korea) and Republic of Korea (South Korea). For example, in 2013 the PRC imported
13,732 kg from North Korea and 9,815 kg from South Korea.
Table 1: 2013 PRC exports of Lycii Fructus (CCCCS HS 12119031) / Quantity (kg) / Value (US$)
Importers of Lycium fruit from the PRC
Quantity (kg)
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC
Value US$
1,822,093
14,200,798
United States of America
856,359
12,185,182
Kingdom of the Netherlands
797,260
7,454,136
Malaysia
887,835
7,148,702
Federal Republic of Germany
405,690
4,213,364
Republic of Korea
648,200
3,551,001
French Republic
253,085
3,248,297
Kingdom of Spain
332,135
3,162,593
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
306,020
2,869,240
Japan
277,034
2,609,520
Commonwealth of Australia
269,309
2,397,786
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
666,742
1,931,965
Federative Republic of Brazil
198,900
1,791,923
Canada
136,791
1,717,081
Republic of Singapore
161,418
1,512,122
Czech Republic
187,866
1,209,915
Romania
157,675
1,175,328
Hellenic Republic
125,646
1,071,921
96,160
1,019,545
100,485
933,354
Italian Republic
Kingdom of Belgium
Source: China Trade Data
Quality Standards
For the quality control testing of Lycium Fruit as an active medicinal ingredient, there are national
pharmacopoeial monographs published in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), Korean
Pharmacopoeia (KP) and Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (PPRC), any of which
can be utilized as the basis for the establishment of quality specifications. Table 2 compares
pharmacopoeial quality standards for Lycium Fruit from Japan, Republic of Korea, and P.R. China.
Table 2: Comparison of quality standards for Lycium Fruit; JP, KP, PPRC
Standard
Definition
Lycii Fructus JP XVI
Lycii Fructus KP IX
The fruit of Lycium
chinense Miller
or Lycium barbarum
Linné (Solanaceae).
The dried fruit of
Lycium chinense Miller
or Lycium barbarum
Linné (Solanaceae).
38
Lycii Fructus PPRC
Dried ripe fruit of
Lycium barbarum L.
(Fam. Solanaceae);
collected in summer
and autumn when the
fruit turns red, hot-air
Standard
Lycii Fructus KP IX
Lycii Fructus PPRC
Colour: red to dark red
Odour: characteristic
Taste: sweet at first,
later slightly bitter.
NLT 35.0% dilute
ethanol-soluble
extractives.
Colour: red to dark red
Odour: slight
Taste: sweet.
dried and removed
from the fruit stalk; or
dried in the shade to
the exocarp is shrunk,
and dried in the sun to
dryness, removed from
the fruit stalk.
Colour: red to dark red
Odour: slight
Taste: sweet.
Identification
1) Macroscopic
evaluation;
2) Thin layer
chromatography
test.
1) Macroscopic
evaluation;
2) Colour reaction
tests.
Foreign matter
NMT 2.0% of foreign
matter such as
peduncle or others.
No requirement.
NMT 8.0%
NMT 1.0%
Store in well-closed
containers.
Less than 3.0% of
branch, fruit stalk and
other foreign matter.
No requirement.
NMT 6.0%
No requirement.
No requirement.
Limits not specified.
Limits not specified.
Characters
Content
Water
Total ash
Acid-insoluble ash
Storage
Heavy metals
Lycii Fructus JP XVI
NLT 0.5% of betaine
(C5H11NO2: 117.15).
-
NLT 0.30% of
betaine (C5H11NO2);
- NLT 1.8% of
polysaccharide
calculated as
glucose (C6O12H6);
- NLT 55.0% watersoluble extractives.
1) Macroscopic
evaluation;
2) Microscopic
examination;
3) Thin layer
chromatography
test.
Fruit stalk is removed.
NMT 13.0%
NMT 5.0%
No requirement.
Preserve in a cool and
dry place, protected
from heat, moisture
and moth.
NMT 5 ppm lead
NMT 0.3 ppm cadmium
NMT 2 ppm arsenic
NMT 0.2 ppm mercury
NMT 20 ppm copper
11. Company Profile: Dalian Huaen Co. Ltd., P.R. China
Organisation name:
Dalian Huaen Co. Ltd
Related organisation:
Dalian Rihua Organic Food Clean Co. Ltd.
Established in 1993, Dalian Huaen Co., Ltd. was among the first exportoriented enterprises in the PRC certified for growing, processing and
exporting organic agricultural products, including some medicinal and
aromatic plants, by international and domestic inspection and certification
bodies. Dalian Huaen Co. Ltd. has organic certifications (EU, Japan,
Switzerland, US), kosher certification, HACCP certification, IBD Non-GMO
and IBD EcoSocial (organic and fairtrade) certifications.
Dalian Huaen Co., Ltd., has established organic farms covering over
10,000 hectares in northeastern China, including farms in the provinces of
Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang (Huaen Mishan Organic Farm and Huaen
About Dalian Huaen
Co. Ltd.
39
Weixing Organic Farm) as well as in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region (Huaen Tongliao Organic Farm).
Dalianwan Town, Ganjingzi District, 116113 Dalian, People’s Republic of
China
Chen Changhua: [email protected]
Lina Tong: [email protected]
Wei Liu: [email protected]
++86 41187600331
http://www.huaenorganic.com/
Address:
Contact(s):
Telephone:
Website:
SELECTED NATURAL INGREDIENTS OFFERED BY DALIAN HUAEN CO. LTD.
Bigfruit evening primrose seed (Oenothera macrocarpa)
Capsicum fruit (Capsicum annuum)
Flax seed (Linum usitatissimum)
Flax seed oil (Linum usitatissimum)
Hemp seed (Cannabis sativa)
Hemp seed oil (Cannabis sativa)
Lycium fruit (Lycium barbarum or L. chinense)
Perilla seed (Perilla frutescens)
Pine nut kernel (Pinus spp.)
Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo)
Pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo)
CERTIFICATIONS
EcoSocial:
Organic and Fairtrade
Non-GMO
ORGANIC: EU
ORGANIC: US
Certification Agent: Instituto Biodinâmico de Desenvolvimento Rural (IBD)
Certification Agent: Instituto Biodinâmico de Desenvolvimento Rural (IBD)
Certification Agent: EcoCert S.A.
Certification Number: 417CN1400Z1EC (EOS)
Certification Agent: EcoCert S.A.
Certification Number: 417CN1400Z2EC (NOP)
12. Medicinal Plants & Natural Ingredients Sector Organizations
Name of Organization
Website
Agribusiness in Sustainable Natural African Plant
Products (ASNAPP)
http://www.asnapp.org.za/
Agricultural Export Council (AEC) Egypt, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants Committee
http://www.aecegypt.com/
American Botanical Council (ABC)
http://abc.herbalgram.org/
American Council for Medicinally Active Plants (ACMAP)
http://www.acmap.org/
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Name of Organization
Website
American Herbal Products Association (AHPA)
http://www.ahpa.org
Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and
Bioresources (ANSAB)
http://www.ansab.org/
Association for African Medicinal Plants Standards
(AAMPS)
http://www.aamps.org/en/
Association for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of
Southeast European Countries (AMAPSEEC)
http://www.amapseec.org/
Association pour les Plantes Médicinales et
Aromatiques de Guadeloupe (APLAMEDOM-Guadeloupe)
http://aplamedarom.fr/
Association pour les Plantes Aromatiques et
Medicinales de la Réunion (APLAMEDOM- Réunion)
http://www.aplamedom.org/
Associazione Italiana fra Coltivatori, Raccoglitori,
Trasformatori, Importatori, Esportatori, Grossisti e
Rappresentanti di Case Estere di Piante Medicinali,
Aromatiche, Spezie, Estratti Vegetali, Oli Essenziali e
loro derivati (ASSOERBE)
http://www.assoerbe.eu/
Canadian Herb, Spice and Natural Health Products
Coalition (CHSNC)
http://www.saskherbspice.org/CHSNC/
Central Herbal Agro Marketing Federation of India
(CHAMF)
http://www.chamf.org/
Chamber of Herbal Industries of the Philippines, Inc.
(CHIPI)
http://chipi.org.ph/
Egyptian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (EMAP)
http://www.emap-eg.org/
European Herb Growers Association (EUROPAM)
http://www.europam.net/
European Herbal Infusions Association (EHIA)
http://www.ehia-online.org/
Federazione Italiana dei Produttori di Piante Officinali
(FIPPO)
http://www.fippo.org/
Filière biologique des plantes de santé du Québec
http://www.plantesmedicinales.qc.ca/
Instituto Peruano de Productos Naturales (IPPN)
http://www.ippn.org.pe/
International Council for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(ICMAP)
http://www.icmap.org/
International Trade Union of Genuine Regional Materia
Medica (TUGRMM)
www.tugrmm.com/en/
Jadi Buti Association of Nepal (JABAN)
http://www.jaban.com.np/
National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB)
http://nmpb.nic.in/
PELERO CZ o.s. (Association of the Producers and
Processors of Medicinals and Aromatic Plant and Spices)
http://www.pelero.cz/
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Name of Organization
Website
Phytotrade Africa
http://phytotrade.com/
Polski Komitet Zielarski (Polish Herbal Committee)
http://www.pkz.pl/
Regional Network for Medicinal and Aromatic plants in
the Near East and North Africa (AARENINA)
http://www.aarinena.org/MHPWeb/
Singapore Chinese Medicines and Health Products
Merchant Association
http://www.tcm.org.sg/
Société Marocaine des Plantes Aromatiques et
Médicinales (SOMAPAM)
http://somapam.voila.net/
Verein für Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen (SALUPLANTA
e.V.)
http://www.saluplanta.de/
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