annualreport

I n p a r t n e r s h i p f o r i n c l u s i v e a n d g re e n d e v e l o p m e n t
ANNUALREPORT
International Network for Bamboo and Rattan
2013
Message from
the Chair and Co-chair
Maharaj Muthoo
Chair, INBAR Board of Trustees
INBAR’s member countries are its most significant partners, and in
2013, INBAR strengthened its outreach and consultation with many
of its member nations. The Government of China substantially
increased its contribution to INBAR, providing funds that will enable
INBAR to more effectively address issues of pressing global
importance, such as climate change and poverty alleviation, as well
as enabling better consultation and collaboration with its member
countries. Key among these in 2013 was the series of regional
consultations held by INBAR for Africa, Latin America and the
Caribbean, and South Asia, that brought together governments from
those regions, and other relevant stakeholders, to discuss and
formulate regional agendas for bamboo and rattan resources. Such
partnership are already bearing fruit - INBAR and the Government of
Cameroon recently signed an MoU which will enable INBAR to play a
more prominent role in enhancing bamboo and rattan-based
development there, and INBAR continues its work to support the
establishment of an Africa Bamboo Centre in Ethiopia.
INBAR expanded its portfolio of training and capacity development
activities in 2013 with the establishment of the INBAR Young
Scholars scheme. Open only to selected representatives of our
member country governments, the scheme enables relevant young
professionals to visit INBAR HQ, and China’s bamboo regions, on a
2-3 week training course to enhance their understanding of the
potential of bamboo and rattan for development. The scheme also
hopes to build long term links with them after they return to their
home countries to support bamboo and rattan-based development
in-country.
Jiang Zehui
Co-chair, INBAR Board of Trustees
At the seventeenth meeting of the Board of Trustees in November,
Mr. Tesfai Tecle, chair of the Board for the past six years and a Trustee
for seven, completed his term of service with INBAR. It was a pleasure
working with him and we hereby appreciate his dedication to the
mission of INBAR. At the end of the year, INBAR also bade a fond
farewell to Dr. Coosje Hoogendoorn, Director General since 2006. The
Trustees recognize her hard work towards making INBAR a more
effective and efficient organization, and wish her the very best for
her future endeavours.
The Board of Trustees offers its most grateful thanks to the People’s
Republic of China, the Host State, for its continued contribution and
enhanced significant support to INBAR, which has been, and
continues to be, crucial for its effectiveness. Thanks are also due to
the governments of Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana and India for hosting
INBAR’s regional offices. We also recognize the role of the
Government of Ethiopia as Chair of the Council, and the Government
of Indonesia as the Vice-chair. Finally, the Trustees welcome INBAR’s
new Director General, Dr Hans Friederich, who has joined INBAR with
an impressive international track record in the environment and
development sectors. His host of innovative ideas shall help make
INBAR stronger, self-reliant and ever more effective in delivering its
mission and mandate. That should contribute to improving the
earth’s bamboo and rattan resources, and the well-being of their
custodians, producers, processors and users, while promoting
enhanced knowledge networking, inclusive global green economy
and sustainable development goals.
Message from
the Director General
This annual report covers the year 2013, which was a year of change
at INBAR. Much effort in 2013 was spent on the review of INBAR
operations in the last 15 years and the preparation of a new 15-year
strategy to take INBAR into a new direction. The main message of
the review is that INBAR should focus more on international
relations and global policy influence, and the coming years will
provide ample opportunity for INBAR to maintain its unique position
as the only Inter-Governmental Organisation that deals with
bamboo and rattan while strengthening its role in international
sustainable development.
As part of the internal consultation process, member meetings were
conducted in all Regions, with successful gatherings of INBAR
Members and partners in Ecudaor, Ghana, Ethiopia and India
throughout the year. These meetings provided valuable input into
the strategy development process, and enabled closer collaboration
with and between INBAR members.
Programmatically, INBAR continued its ground-breaking work on
charcoal production research and promotion in Ethiopia and Ghana,
which is now in its final year. INBAR also completed its very
successful EC-funded project “Sustainable Revival of Livelihoods in
Post-Disaster Sichuan” in southern China, with a closing ceremony
attended by the EU Ambassador to China and many others. The
collaboration with CITI Foundation in the same area continues for
several more years, and will result in a SME training centre in
Changning County, which will be opened in 2014.
INBAR’s work on climate change mitigation was given a boost by the
official launch of two publications during the 19th Conference of
Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in
Poland in November 2013. The first, “Forests beyond trees: NTFPs as
tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation”, explores the
potential of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the fight against
climate change. INBAR also published the methodology for carbon
accounting and monitoring of bamboo afforestation projects in
China, which is a joint publication between the China Green Carbon
Foundation, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, the
Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of
Forestry and INBAR.
INBAR joined nine other organisations in the Association of
International Research and Development Centers for Agriculture
(AIRCA), who together jointly presented a paper at the Global
Landscapes Forum on “Transforming rural livelihoods and
landscapes: sustainable improvements to incomes, food security and
the environment”, in order to kick-start the partnership. Finally, in
October 2013, we welcomed the 39th member of INBAR, Eritrea with
a flag-raising ceremony during the meeting of the INBAR Board of
Trustees.
I look forward to an exciting 2014, building on the strong
foundations that my predecessor left behind, and I hope you will
enjoy reading more details about INBAR’s many activities and
achievements of 2013.
Hans Friederich
Director General
Table of Contents
Message from the Chair and Co-chair
Message from the Director General
Table of Contents
The Council, Board and Staff
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2
3
4
Goal 1: An expanded, highly effective, network of committed stakeholders
New Member Country – Eritrea
High-level visits
New partnerships
Planting bamboo today for the future we want tomorrow
Member Country Regional Workshops
Two new expert centres opened
AIRCA - a new global association to promote food security
Workshops and training courses
Volunteers, interns and Young Professionals
5
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
10
Goal 2: Enhanced contribution of bamboo and rattan to environmental
sustainability, particularly ecosystem services and coping with and
combating climate change
Bamboo - a green source of income for over 23, 000 people, post-quake
Resources Development
Ecosystem Services in the Green Economy - International Conference on Institutions and Markets
A selection of other work
11
12
13
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Goal 3: Better ways and means of inclusive livelihood development,
particularly in rural areas
Mainstreaming Pro-Poor Livelihood Opportunities and Addressing Environmental Degradation
with Bamboo in Eastern and Southern Africa
Household Charcoal project (HHC) in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India builds strong local partnerships
A selection of other work
14
15
16
Goal 4: Enhanced, more innovative and sustainable market environments
New subheadings for HS codes to enhance the accuracy of bamboo and rattan trade statistics
2007 HS subheadings currently in use
Bamboo charcoal enterprises in Africa fuel market growth, reduce deforestation and boost incomes
Developing of new standards for strength testing of bamboo poles to enhance safety of
bamboo constructions
INBAR Takes Global Lead in Promoting Sustainable Housing
A selection of other work
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18
19
20
20
Publicity and Publications
INBAR online and in the media
Selected INBAR staff-authored publications
INBAR publications
Summary audited financial statements
INBAR’s offices and member countries
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21
22
23～25
26
The Council, Board and Staff
Council
The Council membership on 31st December 2013 comprised:
Argentina
Bangladesh
Benin
Bhutan
Burundi
Cameroon
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Cuba
Ecuador
Ethiopia
Eritrea
Ghana
India
Indonesia
Jamaica
Kenya
Madagascar
Malaysia
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Nigeria
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Tanzania
Togo
Tonga
Uganda
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Board of Trustees
The 17th meeting of the INBAR Board of Trustees was held in November 2013:
Name
Tesfai Tecle
Jiang Zehui
Gerardo Segura Warnholtz
Maharaj Muthoo
Tachrir Fathoni
Andrew Bennett
Wu Zhimin
Caroline Pestieau
Francisco Jaime Tilak Viegas
Coosje Hoogendoorn
Nationality
Eritrea
China
Mexico
India
Indonesia
United Kingdom
China
Canada
Portugal
Netherlands
Board Position
Chair
Co-Chair
Director General
Staff, Consultants and Advisors on 31st December 2013
Executive Management
Coosje Hoogendoorn
Li Zhiyong
Judy Zhu
Wang Dong
Environmental Sustainability Programme
Lou Yiping
Li Yanxia
Liu Bo
Yang Hanmei
Li Yinna
Livelihoods and Economic Development Programme
I. V. Ramanuja Rao
Carmelita Bersalona
Abraham Bobo
Bharat Parekh
Xie Yi
Trade Development Programme
Fu Jinhe
Zou Wanruo
Li Xin
Wu Junqi
Oliver Frith
Liu Kewei
Nripal Adhikary
NTFP Global Partnership Programme
Manoj Nadkarni
Regional Office Teams
Alvaro Cabrera
Paulina Soria
Doris Cangas
Lorena Nolte
T. P. Subramony
S. Anand
Tesfaye Hunde
Biruk Kebede
Michael Kwaku
George Aidoo
Membership Unit
Hao Ying
Pi Meiling
Development and Communications Unit
Dionne Cottrill
Megan Sappenfield
Jin Wei
Networking and Partnerships Unit
Andrew Benton
Liu Qian
Zhu Zhaohua
Human Resources, Finance and Services Teams
Helen He
Li Xin
Yang Jianwei
Song Ji
Ren Ping
Tang Shaoxia
Cao Yang
Sun Shaohui
He Jun
Annual Report
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Goal 1
An expanded, highly effective
network of committed stakeholders
New Member Country – Eritrea
The State of Eritrea became INBAR’s 39th member country in November. Bamboo has much potential for the
country’s development, as is evidenced in neighboring Ethiopia. At an event to celebrate Eritrea’s accession to INBAR
in Beijing, H.E. Tseggai Tesfazion, Ambassador of the State of Eritrea to China, spoke of the wealth of opportunities
INBAR membership offers for the technological advancement of Eritrea. He said he hoped that Eritrea could reap the
environmental and economic benefits of bamboo as many of its sister countries in Africa have begun to do. Eritrea
has suffered a loss of forest cover from 30% of total land cover a century or so ago, to just 10% now. Measures to
arrest the loss of cover, including bans on the cutting of trees and the making of charcoal on designated forest land
are in place, though unpermitted harvesting especially for charcoal continues to cause forest loss. There is an almost
complete lack of timber trees remaining for house construction or processing, and much semi-processed timber is
imported to support furniture-making industries - bamboo offers a sustainable option for reforestation to supply
these industries. Some areas of the country receive plentiful water, and bamboo may even have potential in the
seawater-based integrated cropping systems that have been developed in Eritrea over the past 15 years.
High-level visits
INBAR welcomed a range of high-level delegations to its headquarters in 2013:
•
•
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•
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The State Minister of Agriculture of Ethiopia and his delegates.
The Minister of Water and Environment of Uganda and her delegates.
High-level visits
The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador and his delegates.
The UN Under-Secretary-General and head of the Department of Economic and
Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat.
The President of Amazonas Region, Peru, with the Peruvian Ambassador to Beijing.
The Philippines Ambassador to Beijing and her colleagues.
A delegation comprising government representatives and private enterprises from
Madagascar.
A delegation from EMBRAPA, Brazil.
A delegation from FUNPROVER and Grupo Empresarial Eko Agro from Mexico.
A delegation from the Government of Cameroon.
A delegation of the Group of African Ambassador’s Spouses in Beijing.
Annual Report
An expanded, highly effective
network of committed stakeholders
Goal 1
New partnerships
INBAR signed MoUs with a range of new partners in 2013, including:
• An MoU with the government of Cameroon to provide personnel training, policy and livelihoods
development and action research in the bamboo and rattan sectors over the next five years.
• An MoU with the UN Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat) which provides a framework for
cooperation under the Global Network for Sustainable Housing.
• An MoU between INBAR, China Green Carbon Foundation, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University and
the Government of Anji County, Zhejiang province, China, to promote research and demonstrate
methodologies for sustainable forest management for optimizing bamboo carbon sink capacity and
bamboo harvested wood products for carbon finance.
• An MoU with the Government of Yixing City, China, to set up the INBAR Yixing Training centre.
• An MoU with Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University in Bonn, Germany to work on the BiomassWeb
project in Ghana.
Planting bamboo today for the future we want tomorrow
On 22nd April, 24 officials from 19 embassies, including 11 ambassadors of
INBAR member countries joined INBAR, China’s International Centre for
Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), Professor Jiang Zehui, Co-Chair of INBAR Board
of Trustees, and Mr. Zhao Shucong, Minister of the State Forestry
Administration, China, to celebrate Earth Day, plant bamboo and to learn
more about the potential it has for green and inclusive development.
“Today, we not only planted clumps of green bamboo but also the seeds of
green ideology and of a green future,” said Professor Jiang at the
ceremony. “INBAR wants to join its member countries in growing bamboo
and rattan-based sustainable development and a healthier Mother Earth.”
INBAR’s Earth Day event was held with many others around the world in
conjunction with the Earth Day Network, and photos of the event were
featured on the Earth Day Network’s ‘Face of Climate Change’ online wall
(http://theadvocator.com/earthday/).
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Goal 1
An expanded, highly effective
network of committed stakeholders
Member Country Regional Workshops
As part of its work to strengthen collaboration and facilitate partnerships for inclusive and green development, INBAR
held three regional workshops in 2013, one each for Africa, Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, to consult with
government partners and help define regional and national needs and opportunities.The consultations were run in
conjunction with regional bamboo workshops, supported by partners such as Environment Canada, GIZ and the
European Union.
At the Africa Regional Workshop in Addis Ababa, over 100 participants including senior officials from 12 member
countries, heard Ethiopia’s State Minister of Agriculture, and Chair of the INBAR Council, Ato Sileshi Getahun, confirm
the importance of bamboo for sustainable development in Ethiopia. “Bamboo is considered the most important
fast-growing strategic intervention for afforestation and reforestation in the mountainous and degraded areas in the
country, and as recognized as a strategic plan by the National Sustainable Land Management Platform hosted at the
Ministry of Agriculture in Addis Ababa”, he said. The subsequent wide-ranging discussions helped set an agenda for
bamboo-based development in African member nations.
At the Asia Regional Workshop in New Delhi,
representatives of nine member countries discussed
regional and national bamboo and rattan-based
development issues, sharing experiences and helping
inform INBAR’s regional strategy. Honourable Jayanthi
Natarajan, the Minister of Environment and Forests of the
Government of India, commented on her hopes of
deepening India’s partnership with INBAR. “The very
values on which our mandate is based and what we’re
striving for are what INBAR is also striving for” she said.
Participants discussed the role of bamboo and rattan in
enhancing livelihoods, as vehicles for green growth and
the role of bamboo in climate change adaptation and
mitigation in the region. They also discussed policy
initiatives and value-chain development.
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An expanded, highly effective
network of committed stakeholders
Goal 1
In Ecuador, INBAR’s Latin America and the
Caribbean Regional Workshop ran subsequent
to the LAC Forestry Congress, which INBAR also
helped to organise, in conjunction with the
Ecuador Ministries of Agriculture and Environment.
Two hundred participants from the public, private
and academic sectors attended the event, which
not only made formal high level recommendations
but also confirmed attendees’ desires to see INBAR
networking and sharing bamboo information and
technologies more broadly.
Two new expert centres opened
• A regional bamboo information and training centre opened in Guayaquil together with the Catholic
University of Guayaquil in Ecuador.
• The INBAR-supported Rattan Common Facilities centre in Kumasi opened for business in November with
its first, 5-day training course. The training helped participants increase sales of their rattan products in
the pre-Christmas period.
AIRCA - a new global association to promote food security
In 2013, INBAR was a founding member of AIRCA, the Association of International Research and
development Centers for Agriculture. AIRCA is a nine-member alliance of intergovernmental
organisations that focus on increasing global food security by supporting smallholder agriculture
within healthy, sustainable, climate-smart landscapes (www.airca.org).
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Goal 1
An expanded, highly effective
network of committed stakeholders
Workshops and training courses
INBAR’s annual NTFP workshop attracted 52 participants
from 12 countries, and included lectures, field visits, thematic
discussions and meetings with NTFP practitioners. It raised
participants’ understanding of a range of NTFP-based
development opportunities and of how they have helped
improve people’s lives and environments. The participants
included a 23-person delegation from the Philippines and a
4-person delegation from the Raw Materials Research and
Development Council in Nigeria, as well as representatives
from other parts of Africa, as well as Latin America and
Europe. The workshop increased interest in INBAR from it’s
current and potential member countries that attendedincluding Cameroon, Gabon and Ghana.
INBAR ran four bamboo tours in China for a total of 71
international participants, including a delegation from the
Ministry of Agriculture in Ethiopia.
INBAR’s Western Africa Bamboo training workshop in Accra, Ghana, attracted 50 participants from the region, as well
as donors and government officials. As a result of the workshop, representatives from Sierra Leone and Nigeria want
to replicate the results of the highly successful INBAR bamboo charcoal project that was showcased there (see page
17) project in their own nations, and four businesses are approaching the International Finance Corporation to help
them set up bamboo enterprises.
Neha Singhal (right), Associate Architect,
Manifestation of Fluid Architecture (M:OFA)
Studios Pvt. Ltd., India
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Annual Report
“What I really liked about the workshop was the way it was organized. The
seminarand the field work were nicely arranged, so we have a good idea of
what’s going on in a systematic manner, and we could understand the process
that China is going through. Taking it right from the beginning, understanding
the dynamic system the government has been applying, and the
multiple-participation through various stakeholders, has been quite a
narrative process for understanding. This had shown me how I can take these
things back and make things change in my country.
I will also take back all the thematic discussions and the presentations the
participants made. It has been a very good chance to learn what the other
countries are doing and what challenges they are facing, as well as what China
has been going through and reaching what we have now in our country.”
An expanded, highly effective
network of committed stakeholders
Goal 1
Volunteers, interns and Young Professionals
• INBAR launched a new annual scheme to provide short-term training for young professionals from its member
countries in 2013. The “INBAR Visiting Scholarship Programme” welcomed its first round of 14 scholars from 11
countries across Asia, Africa and the Americas. The program targets young and mid-level government officials
from INBAR member countries and potential member countries, to inform them about the benefits of
sustainable development with bamboo and rattan, and to engage them in INBAR’s network. During the twoweek programme, participants were taken to China’s Zhejiang and Anhui provinces to see for themselves areas
known for their wealth of bamboo forests and high-quality bamboo products.
• Through the Norwegian Fredskorpset-funded Young Professionals
Scheme, the Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB)
in Los Banos, the Philippines, hosted participants from China and
Myanmar, who worked on bamboo and rattan resources
development. The exchanges resulted in new project partnership
links between ERDB and the Forest Research Institute in Myanmar,
and has strengthened the three participating organisation’s
understanding and collaboration, which continues to develop.
• INBAR’s Volunteers and Interns schemes continued to evolve in 2013,
with a focus on longer term postings for enhanced immersion and
better learning experiences for the participants. Volunteers worked
in all sections of the organization, helping us particularly with our
policy studies, our strategic review, and our membership and NTFP
work. In our LAC office in Quito, one intern worked on bamboo
propagation and a genetic and morphological description of
Guadua angustifolia, the most economically important bamboo of
the region.
Annual Report 2013
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Goal 2
Increased and more effective conservation
of the environment and biodiversity
Bamboo - a green source of income for
over 23, 000 people, post-quake
In May 2008, China’s Sichuan province was rocked by a
devastating earthquake. INBAR, the Sichuan Forestry
Department, the EU Project Innovation Center and the
Benelux Chamber of Commerce in China developed a project
to establish a sustainable bamboo construction supply-chain.
This would be environmentally friendly and provide long-term
employment and income to the disaster-stricken area through
the use of local bamboo resources. It would also help in the
rebuilding of homes that were levelled in the earthquake.
The project commenced in 2009, and by 2013, more than
23,000 rural households have benefitted from bamboo-based
cooperatives set up by the project, in eight counties in the
province. In 2011, the project won the Innovation Award of the
United Nations’ New Ways of World Post-Disaster
Reconstruction at the “World Conference on Post-Disaster
Reconstruction”, jointly organized by the World Bank, the
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery and the
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
The sustainable bamboo production chain model developed
by the project has been disseminated to other parts of
Sichuan province and Zhejiang province in China, as well as to
other key bamboo production areas, and has facilitated the
establishment of the Bamboo Forest Low-Carbon Industrial
Park in Changning County, Sichuan and Anji County, Zhejiang
Province. INBAR hopes soon to be able to share the methods
and development models developed in the project with
partners around the globe.
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Increased and more effective conservation
of the environment and biodiversity
Goal 2
Resources Development
In
` Ethiopia, INBAR’s Bamboo Charcoal project has:
• Introduced 13 bamboo species to the pilot sites with over 200,000 bamboo seedlings produced and
distributed, and 625 hectares planted.
• Planted over 500 hectares using offset vegetative propagules of the two indigenous bamboo species
(Arundinaria alpina and Oxtytenanthera abyssinica).
• Improved management of over 10,000 hectares of existing bamboo forest in three pilot sites by training
in best cultivation practices.
• Collected and distributed 100 Kg (or approximately 15 million) of seeds of lowland bamboo to different
beneficiaries in Ethiopia. The Ministry of Agriculture has also collected lowland bamboo of seeds to
propagate in the flowering areas.
• Conducted and published the results of bamboo resource inventories.
In Ghana, the project has:
• Improved management of over 20 hectares of natural bamboo
stands through the application of sustainable harvesting
methods introduced via training villagers.
• Conducted resource inventories and introduced eight bamboo
species in addition to the three indigenous species already
found at the pilot sites. More than 20,000 bamboo seedlings
have been multiplied by micro-proliferation at the mother
nursery at the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana and at the
two nurseries at the pilot sites.
• Encouraged approximately 100 individuals and 30 MSEs to
raise bamboo seedlings for commercial sales to individual
farmers, organizations and entrepreneurs.
• Tested the application of bamboo biochar on a half-acre site
which is also used as a demonstration site for bamboo
cultivation, management and plantation establishment. More
than 500 farmers, four environmental Non-Governmental
Organizations and four Forest Services Division extension
officers have been trained at the site.
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Goal 2
Increased and more effective conservation
of the environment and biodiversity
Ecosystem Services in the Green Economy - International Conference
on Institutions and Markets
This meeting of IUFRO Group 9.04.04: Forest Land Tenure and Property Rights was held from May 12-15 at the
Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University (ZAFU) in Linan, Zhejiang Province, China, and co-organised by INBAR
and ZAFU, Auburn University and the University of Toronto.
The conference aimed to provide an integrated analysis of the special
arrangements of institutions and markets, including property rights,
global and local governance, public involvement and information
provision and access that are needed to maximize economic, social,
institutional, environmental and cultural benefits that derive from
ecosystems and their sustainable management. Major themes of the
conference were Valuation of Ecosystem Services, Market Mechanisms for
Ecosystem Services, Institutional Arrangements for Ecosystem Services,
Land Tenure Reform and Supply of Ecosystem Services, and the Role of
Ecosystem Services in the Green Economy.
A selection of other work
In 2013, INBAR’s environment work also included:
• Helping include bamboo in the Gold Standard’s A/R Standard for Agroforestry
(http://www.goldstandard.org/) one of the World’s most innovative and well-recognized global voluntary
carbon standards. The Gold Standard verifies and sells premium carbon credits as an internationally
recognized benchmark for quality and rigor in both the compliance and voluntary carbon markets.
• Leading the CGIAR Research Programme 6 (on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry) review team on wood energy.
• Assessing pilot sites for carbon credit generation with bamboo in Ethiopia, as part of a joint project with
Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University (ZAFU) and China Green Carbon Foundation.
• Commencing a new project in Ghana on “Improving food security in Africa through increased system
productivity of biomass-based value webs” that will assess how innovative management and utilization of
bamboo biomass in agroforestry can contribute to biomass supply systems in Ghana.
• Starting a new EU-Switch funded project to promote greener production systems for processed bamboo
shoots. Bamboo shoots are often eaten in Asia and Asian communities around the world, the vast majority
of those treated, pre-cooked and then packaged in cans. New production methods that prevent the overuse
of salt and sodium pyrosulfite and river water have recently been developed by ZAFU and are in use in the
more advanced processing centres in eastern China. Many businesses in western China have yet to
implement them. This new project will help 300 bamboo shoots enterprises reduce water pollution by 50%,
use of preservatives by 60% and water consumption by a third.
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Better ways and means of livelihood
development, particularly in rural areas
Goal 3
Mainstreaming Pro-Poor Livelihood Opportunities and Addressing
Environmental Degradation with Bamboo in Eastern and Southern Africa
INBAR’s first phase of work with IFAD on mainstreaming bamboo livelihood options in four African countries:
Madagascar, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Mozambique concluded in 2013. The project has raised the profile of bamboo
in those nations, with all the governments giving substantial importance to this natural resource as a means of
promoting bamboo-based livelihoods. The work also contributed to changing perceptions on bamboo and
bamboo products. Around Lake Tana in Madagascar for example, it was believed that only Oxytenanthera
abyssinica (so-called ‘lowland bamboo’) could grow. Model plantations manage to convince people that
Arundinaria alpina (thought to be ‘high-land) could also grow there. In addition, new species were introduced
according to local needs and markets, and at least one treatment plant per beneficiary country was installed,
contributing to enhancing the quality of the bamboo products such as beehives and furniture.
The project worked by linking successful INBAR Action Research Sites elsewhere with the new ones in Ethiopia,
Madagascar, Mozambique and Tanzania, thereby facilitating South-South transfer of IFAD-supported field-proven
technologies - it enabled new technologies and products to be developed where local knowledge, skills and
facilities were lacking. For example, in Mozambique, over 230 briquetting units have been established, involving
690 households, the vast majority of which are headed by women with few or no alternative income options at
their disposal. Africa does not have extensive natural bamboo stands and hence has not been able to take
advantage of the bamboo economic revolution in Asia, which is rich in diversity of woody bamboos. The project
has promoted the introduction of an increased range of bamboos that enable the people to adopt new robust
livelihoods that provide income around the year.
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Goal 3
Better ways and means of livelihood
development, particularly in rural areas
Household Charcoal project (HHC) in Gujarat and Rajasthan,
India builds strong local partnerships
Over 500 million women around the world cook on firewood every day. An innovative project managed by INBAR,
CIBART in Gujarat and Jan Chetna Sansthan in Rajasthan, is helping rural women earn extra money from these daily
chores, by using a new technique–removing the charcoal before it turns to dust, cooling it with water, and then
transporting it to collection centres from where it is sold it to charcoal briquetting factories to be pressed into
charcoal briquettes. The briquetting company is a partnership between the NGO, community and private sector that
puts the profits into a revolving fund to support replication and scaling up of the briquetting work.
In 2013, demand for the briquettes grew rapidly. Already, 8000 women
in Gujarat and 4000 in Rajasthan are participating in the scheme that
encourages women to establish a barter scheme for household items
known as “Consumables for charcoal”, in which the community
organizations buy commodities such as cooking oil from the
manufacturers and distribute them in exchange for charcoal.
To prevent burning of wood specifically to produce charcoal for sale,
rigorous records of charcoal collection are kept to ensure that the
amounts produced are within the average that a household would
produce as a by-product of cooking. The project has also provided an
incentive to grow sustainable firewood sources around homesteads
and field boundaries by using bamboo. In Rajasthan, 30,000 bamboo
plants have already been purchased, and training has been provided to
villagers on how to grow bamboo for firewood. Networks of support
organisations have been established, with the aim of eventually
constituting a formal, viable network that will be able to support a
federal organisation for further replicating and upscaling the
household charcoal model. The project’s experience has already been
shared to INBAR’s partner Action Research Site in Tanzania, where now
over 4000 women collect charcoal for microbriquetting
microenterprises.
15
Annual Report
Keli Bai Reshma and other women of Dhamsara
village of Abu Road block in western Rajasthan
earn 45 Rs per week from selling 5kg of charcoal.
Bhakhar Bhitrot Adiwasi Vikas Manch, the
Community-Based Organisation of which Keli
Bai Reshma is a leader, is one of the networks
that help reach out to these women. This work
has made Keli and her many neighbours
credit-worthy and economically empowered.
The project was featured in IFAD’s Making a
Difference in Asia and the Pacific newsletter, issue 6,
2013
Better ways and means of livelihood
development, particularly in rural areas
Goal 3
A selection of other work
In 2013, INBAR’s Livelihoods-focussed work portfolio also included:
• Establishing 12 project sites along the coast of Ecuador and in the north of Peru that demonstrate
production, processing and different uses of bamboo (silviculture, manufacturing, processing,
flooring, housing, furniture, handicrafts).
• Distributing 4 metal kilns, 15 Enjera (a staple food) stove molds and 9 different types of stoves molds
to bamboo MSEs in Ethiopia.
• Training over 4000 people in Ecuador and Peru in bamboo silviculture and construction.
• Working with two microfinance institutions in Ghana to source microfinance funds for bamboo
businesses – the first in the country.
Annual Report
16
A better and more innovative
market environment
Goal 4
New subheadings for HS codes to enhance the accuracy of bamboo
and rattan trade statistics
In 2013, INBAR’s proposal for a set of new, more specific subheadings for bamboo
and rattan under the Harmonised System (HS) coding was approved in principle
by the World Customs Organisation. The new subheadings split the existing codes
to enable product-type specific tracking to cover assembled flooring panels of
bamboo, tableware and kitchenware of bamboo and bamboo utensils for daily
use, as well as individual codes for bamboo and rattan furniture products;
currently bamboo and rattan furniture are included under broader
wood-furniture headings. Appoximately 10 new codes were proposed and are
pending final approval - they will be effective in the 2017 edition of the HS system.
Greater recognition of bamboo and rattan products in the classification will help
INBAR review and monitor the international market of bamboo and rattan, to help
support trade facilitation for a more transparent and fairer trade environment.
2007 HS subheadings currently in use
HS subheading Products name
17
Description of the products
140110
Bamboos
Bamboos
140120
Rattans
Rattans
200591
Preserved bamboo shoots
Bamboo shoots, prepared/preserved other than by vinegar/acetic acid, not frozen
440210
Bamboo charcoal
including shell/nut charcoal, whether/not agglomerated
441210
Bamboo plywood
Bamboo plywood, veneered panels & similar laminated wood
440921
Bamboo flooring
Bamboo including strips & friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled continuously shaped
tongued, grooved, rebated, chamfered, V-jointed, beaded, moulded, rounded/the like along
any of its edges, ends/faces, whether/not planed/sanded/end-jointed
460121
Bamboo mats and screens
Mats, matting & screens of bamboo
460122
Rattan mats and screens
Mats, matting & screens of rattan
460192
Bamboo plaits
Plaits & similar products of bamboo, whether/not assembled into strips; bound together in
parallel strands/woven, in sheet form, whether/not being finished articles
460193
Rattan plaits
Plaits & similar products of rattan, whether/not assembled into strips; bound together in
parallel strands/woven, in sheet form, whether/not being finished articles
460211
Bamboo basketwork
Basketwork, wickerwork & other articles, made directly to shape from bamboo
460212
Rattan basketwork and wickerwork
Basketwork, wickerwork & other articles, made directly to shape from rattan
470630
Bamboo pulp
Pulps of fibres derived from recovered waste & scrap paper/paperboard of bamboo
482361
Bamboo paper-based products
Trays, dishes, plates, cups & the like, of paper/paperboard, of bamboo
940151
Bamboo and rattan seats
Seats of bamboo/rattan
940381
Bamboo and rattan furniture
Furniture of bamboo/rattan
Annual Report
Based on UN Comtrade data
A better and more innovative
market environment
Goal 4
Bamboo charcoal enterprises in Africa fuel market growth,
reduce deforestation and boost incomes.
INBAR’s EU-funded Bamboo as Sustainable Biomass Energy: A Suitable Alternative for Firewood and Charcoal
Production in Africa project concluded in 2013. INBAR and its partners have implemented activities in pilot sites in
Ethiopia and Ghana to trial bamboo as an appropriate alternative to wood, providing a more sustainable source of
sustainably-sourced and harvested biomass, over five new bamboo species have been introduced to improve the
bamboo resource base in Ghana and Ethiopia, and are now reaching harvestable size. The project has led to a
significant reduction in deforestation. Because bamboo grows rapidly and can grow on degraded and marginal
land, it represents a unique opportunity as a suitable alternative for firewood and charcoal production in Africa,
making renewable clean energy from these resources a real possibility.
The project also facilitated the establishment of 216 micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia and Ghana, which
take part in the production of bamboo charcoal and energy-saving stoves, helping to improve local economies,
and three bamboo charcoal technology centers established to support further work. Over 1000 tons of bamboo
charcoal was produced during pilot implementation, which can significantly reduce the need for charcoal
production from trees that require several decades to grow. INBAR has thus far facilitated the use of approximately
441,800 energy-saving stoves in Ethiopia and Ghana, each of which is estimated to save about 3 kg of wood per
day, which will lead to saving 483,771 tons of wood per year.
INBAR hopes these activities and the lessons learned will be scaled up in the future to continue reducing forest
loss and carbon emissions, supporting renewable clean energy, and raising household incomes in Africa.
Annual Report 2013
Annual Report
18
Goal 4
A better and more innovative
market environment
Developing of new standards for strength testing of bamboo
poles to enhance safety of bamboo constructions
INBAR and its partners are working with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to help develop ISO
standards for mechanical strength grading of round-pole bamboo. ISO Technical Committee (TC) 165 on timber
structures agreed in October to initiate the development of a new working item for this, and established a new
Working Group (WG12) on structural uses of bamboo to develop a working draft and detailed proposal for the new
project. Establishment of the working group on structural use of bamboo is provisional on at least five ISO TC 165
member countries participating in the group by nominating experts. If formed, this new working group, which will
be convened by INBAR, will support international consensus making in the amendment of existing international
bamboo standards, as well as the formation of new ones.
The work is important because there is currently no non-destructive
means of predicting accurately the strength of bamboo poles used in
construction, often resulting in their inappropriate use in buildings and
other constructions.These latest developments at the international level
represent the culmination of over 15 years of work on standards by
INBAR, which successfully drafted three ISO-published standards on
bamboo structural design (ISO 22156) and determination of physical
and mechanical properties (ISO 22157-1 & 22157-2) in 2004. For the past
ten years, these standards have played a pivotal role in guiding bamboo
researchers and standard and code developers across the world.
Countries, such as Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and India have used these
standards as a reference in the formation of their own national building
codes and guidelines. WG12 will also be reviewing these standards to
determine what, if any, updates may be required.
19
Annual Report
A better and more innovative
market environment
Goal 4
INBAR Takes Global Lead in Promoting Sustainable Housing
In 2013, INBAR became one of the founding partners of the Global
Sustainable Housing Network (GSHN), a new initiative from the United
Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat). The network’s main
aim is to contribute to the universal relisation of the right to adequate
housing through supporting the development and implementation of
sustainable affordable housing practices and programmes. GSHN, which
also includes CRAterre-ENSAG, EcoSur, Habitat for Humanity, the
University of Cambridge, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oxford
Brookes University, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies among its founding partners, will act as a key portal for
knowledge exchange, global partnerships and collaboration, and
dialogue and advocacy for developing and achieving sustainable housing
for all. More information on this exciting new initiative can be found at the
GSHN website - http://www.gnshousing.org
A selection of other work
In 2013, INBAR’s bamboo construction work portfolio also included:
• Transfering technology from Nepal to Ethiopia to construct two bamboo rainwater harvesting storage tanks
in Oromia Region.
• Establishing 7 hectares of bamboo plantation for construction applications and 3 demonstration bamboo
structures by our partners in Bhutan.
• Signing an MoU with the University of Cambridge, the University of British Columbia, the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge Architectural Research Ltd, and the International Center for Bamboo
and Rattan to work on the classification of engineered bamboo construction products in English and
Chinese.
• Forming a researchers group on structural and architectural uses of bamboo and rattan, with its first
meeting held at Cambridge University, UK, in October.
Annual Report 2013
Annual Report
20
Publicity and Publications
INBAR participated in a range of international events in 2013, including the UNFF meeting in Istanbul in April,
UNFCCC COP 19, in Warsaw in November, and the 5th EU Networking Meeting in Kathmandu in June. Networking
at these events has enabled INBAR to enhance its outreach to potential partners, as well as increased its
opportunities to communicate with the general public via media activities at these events.
INBAR online and in the media
INBAR established itself in social media in 2013, for the first time developing and managing its presence on
Facebook, Twitter, Sinoweibo and other fora. By the end of the year, INBAR’ s main Facebook page
(https://www.facebook.com/INBARofficial) had 590 fans, and our LAC Facebook page had 492. We had 182 Twitter
followers (https://twitter.com/INBARofficial). INBAR worked to increase engagement and two-way communication
with stakeholders through these platforms and has developed social-media relationships with other similar
organizations, helping us increase our reach through social media. The website had 7,296 site visits by 5,125
unique visitors and 23,399 page views, with a pronounced increase in downloads of our publications. INBAR also
promoted a series of Youtube videos for its bamboo water tanks project in Ethiopia and hopes to produce more
videos like this in the future (https://www.youtube.com/user/INBARChannel).
INBAR increased its regional press coverage especially in conjunction with Africa
and LAC regional workshops, including international coverage in
www.theguardian.com on both its environment and development pages,
www.interpressnews.com, www.jamaicaobserver.com, www.theecologist.org
and the International Herald Tribune Latin America. INBAR and bamboo were also
featured in China Daily, China’s most-read English language newspaper - INBAR’s
Ambassador Day event on Earth Day 2013 was covered in China Daily’s
diplomatic beat. A national television programme on the activities and results of
some of INBARs project work in Ecuador and Peru was broadcast in Peru, and is
now available on Facebook and twitter.
Selected INBAR staff-authored publications
• Kathleen Carmel Buckingham, Liangru Wu, Yiping Lou (2013). Can’t See the (Bamboo) Forest for the Trees:
Examining Bamboo’s Fit Within International Forestry Institutions. Ambio 2013 Nov 30. Epub2013 Nov 30.
• Oliver B. Frith and Liu Kewei (2013). Engineered Modular Bamboo Transitional Shelters for Disaster Relief: A
Case Study from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province China. In Disaster Risk Reduction and
Resilience Building in Cities: Focusing on the Urban Poor issue. Regional Development Dialogue 34 (1),
114-131
• Liu Kewei and Oliver Frith (2013). An Overview of Global Bamboo Architecture: Trends and Challenges,
Exploring the Potentials of Bamboo, World Architecture, 12, p27-34 (in English and Chinese).
• Y. Kuehl, Y. Li & G. Henley (2013). Impacts of selective harvest on the carbon sequestration potential in Moso
bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) plantations, Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 22: 1-18
• Kahane, R., A. Hodgkin, H. Jaenicke, J. Hoogendoorn, M. Hermann, J.D.H. Keatinge, J. d’Arros Hughes, S.
Padulosi & N.J. Looney (2013). Agrobiodiversity for food security, health and income. Agronomy for
Sustainable Development 33: 671-693
• Hoogendoorn, J., Y.P. Lou, J.H. Fu, Y. X. Li & A. Benton (2013). Genetic Diversity of Bamboos around the world.
Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 1003: 97-106.
21
Annual Report
Publicity and Publications
INBAR Publications
• Annual Report 2012.
• Four quarterly INBAR e-newsletters, two bi-annual South Asia and two Latin
America and the Caribbean e-newsletters.
• Transporting, storing and filtering water using local resources: A design manual.
Working Paper 72, 45pp (in Amharic, Afan Oromo, English).
• Methodology for carbon accounting and monitoring of bamboo afforestation projects
in china. Working Paper 73, 67pp (in Chinese and English).
• Forests beyond trees: NTFPs as tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Working Paper 74, 23pp
• INBAR desktop calendar.
• Silvicultura con Guadúa. INBAR Cartille técnica.
• El bamboo en America Latina y El Caribe – estrategias de INBAR al 2028.
(Workshop proceedings).
• Manejo y Aprovechamiento de bambú gigante. Criterios Técnicos para Dendrocalamus
asper - 4 technical leaflets.
• Establecimiento de Plantaciones de bambú gigante. Criterios Técnicos para
Dendrocalamus asper - 2 leaflets
• Propagacion por método de ramas aplicales. Serie Fichas téchnicas: Bambú gigante 2 leaflets.
• Segundo Ecuentro – Capacitación a capaciadores con Bambú - CD.
• Estudio de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático: La caňa guadua en la región costa
del Ecuador Y Perú, 150pp.
• Estudio de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático: Optimización de las Viviendas del
norte del Perú con el uso del bambú, 203pp.
• Estudio de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático: Optimización de las Viviendas del
norte del Ecuador con el uso del bambú, 55pp.
• Manual on management of lowland bamboo flowering areas (English and Amharic).
• Report: Achievements and experiences of the EU-Funded Eco-Friendly Pro-Poor
Bamboo Production Chain Project in Sichuan (English and Chinese).
• An enumeration of the results of the EU- Funded Eco-Friendly Pro-Poor Bamboo
Production Chain Project in Sichuan in each of its pilot areas (in Chinese).
• Methodology for integrated monitoring of compliance with environmental standards
in bamboo SMEs in Sichuan (in Chinese).
Annual Report 2013
Annual Report
22
Summary audited financial statements
Principal Donors 2013
PRC
EC
Membership Qingdao
CITI
CFC
E VC
INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR BAMBOO AND RATTAN
BALANCE SHEET
AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2013
(in US dollars)
31 DECEMBER
2013
31 DECEMBER
2012
269,787
244,385
25,402
375,678
335,438
40,240
2,062
5,469
1,873,390
2,644,941
4,518,331
2,314,536
1,857,140
4,171,676
4,545,795
4,217,385
691,430
691,430
381,097
381,097
1,655,314
2,199,051
3,854,365
2,365,055
1,471,233
3,836,288
4,545,795
4,217,385
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Fixed assets-Cost
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Fixed assets-Net
Recoverable deposits
Current assets
Accounts receivable
Cash and cash equivalents
Total current assets
TOTAL ASSETS
NET ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Total current liabilities
Net assets
Restricted
Unrestricted
Total net assets
TOTAL NET ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
767,828
918,705
485,871
485,871
Sub Total
In-kind expenses
Total Unrestricted amount
Excess revenue over/(under) expenditure
Total Restricted amount
631,387
136,441
217,435
217,435
124,288
124,288
172,028
1,363,174
Management and administration
Secretariat expenses
Board and Council expenses
15,791
12,592
9,248
134,397
513,751
513,751
Membership
Fee
36,560
245,217
249,799
831,598
3,535,578
Sub Total
Programme activities
Environmental Sustainability
Trade Development Programme
Livelihood and Economic Development
Networking and Partnerships
Sub Total
2,616,873
918,705
Revenue
Grants:
Restricted
Unrestricted
Contribution in-kind
Interest income
Publication sales and Affiliates
Others
PRC
STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013
(in US dollars)
(668,900)
33,732
33,732
(30,698)
(30,698)
217,304
205,996
1,508,347
(668,900)
217,304
186,606
186,606
EVC
205,996
239,728
239,728
CFC
859,193
649,154
839,447
839,447
EC
INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR BAMBOO AND RATTAN
252,783
252,783
47,206
47,206
299,989
299,989
CITI
472,548
16,896
64,781
328,597
62,274
161,177
15,092
9,420
136,665
Others
39,225 (311,371)
24,512
39,225 (335,883)
363,377
363,377
402,602
402,602
Qingdao
18,077
727,818
(709,741)
918,705
892,116
755,675
136,441
4,349,980
1,038,423
157,533
880,890
918,705
711,572
651,698
59,874
3,256,601
565,408
1,261,958
686,056
743,179
5,925,301
6,178,878
975,646
1,395,044
587,644
1,391,646
3,395,113
1,591,318
918,705
6,048
510
13,607
2012
2,105,037
3,130,624
918,705
9,420
15,092
2013
Summary audited financial statements
Summary audited financial statements
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PROJECT PARTNERS FOR INBAR PROJECTS
Some of the program activities recorded in the statement of activities for the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013
are jointly carried out by INBAR and its project partners. Besides INBAR's funding, such program activities are also funded by
project partners. According to signed contract, project partners' committed contribution to those program activities are set out
below (in US dollars):
2013
State Forestry Administration, China
Federal Micro and Small Enterprises Development Agency, Ethiopia
2012
851,200
5,642
Ethiopian Rural Energy Development Promotion Center
12,168
12,168
Bamboo and Rattan Development Programme, Ghana
416
6,084
Forest Research Institute of Ghana
936
6,084
Nanjing Forestry University, China
3,900
18,200
EUPIC (EU Project Innovation Centre)
5,335
5,075
Benelux Chamber of Commerce in China
13,178
12,537
Forest Department of Sichuan Provincial Government, China
24,503
125,519
Social Forestry & Extension Division, Royal Government of Bhutan
42,933
Services for Alternative Development in the South, Ecuador
40,940
40,940
Catholic University of Guayaquil, Ecuador
37,926
37,926
Center for Research, Training Evaluation and Advocacy, Peru
41,940
41,940
Integrated Program for Coffee Development, Peru
41,940
41,940
Hogar de Cristo, Ecuador
1,500
1,500
Peace and Hope, Peru
1,500
1,500
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Ecuador
7,500
7,500
Ministry of Agriculture, Peru
3,750
3,750
Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation, Peru
1,500
1,500
Asociacion de Pequenos Productores de Banano, Ecuador
16,500
16,500
Government of Pichincha, Ecuador
24,650
24,650
5,000
5,000
Government of Lambayeque, Peru
10,436
10,436
Government of Piura, Peru
10,436
10,436
342,361
1,294,553
Corporation Noble Guadua, Ecuador
Total
The Centre for International Migration and Development (CIM), Germany, provided financial support for two INBAR positions during the period
January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013.
Beijing King and Capital Law Firm provided free legal service to INBAR during the period January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013.
INBAR’s offices and member countries
Canada
Cuba
Suriname
Panama
Venezuela
Colombia
Ecuador
China
Jamaica
Senegal
Benin
Togo
Sierra Leone
Perú
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Ghana Cameroon Uganda
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Burundi
Mozambique
Chile
India
Bhutan
Nepal
Bangladesh Viet Nam
Philippines
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Malaysia
Indonesia
Madagascar
Argentina
ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Copyright © International Network for Bamboo and Rattan 2013
All rights reserved. Sections of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of,
but with acknowledgement to, the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan.
The presentation of material in this publication and in maps that appear herein does not imply the
expression of any opinion on the part of INBAR concerning the legal status of any country, or the
delineation of frontiers or boundaries.
Annual Report 2013
Tonga
The International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) is an
intergovernmental organisation established in 1997. INBAR is dedicated
to improving the social, economic, and environmental benefits of
bamboo and rattan.
INBAR plays a unique role in finding and demonstrating innovative ways
of using bamboo and rattan to protect environments and biodiversity,
alleviate poverty, and facilitates fairer pro-poor trade. INBAR connects
a global network of partners from the government, private, and
not-for-profit sectors in over 50 countries to define and implement a
global agenda for sustainable development through bamboo and rattan.
International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)
P. O. Box 100102-86
Beijing 100102, P. R. China
Tel: 00 86 10 64706161
Fax: 00 86 10 64702166
Email: [email protected]
http:// www.inbar.int
Compiled and edited by Andrew Benton
Designed by Megan Cai
Produced by Megan Cai, Jin Wei, Andrew Benton
All photos by INBAR except: Main cover (Sun Jianhua), p9 main image (Yu Guoqiang),
cover inset and p13 centre right (Anji Photographer’s Society)
ISBN: 978-92-95098-43-5
International Network for Bamboo and Rattan
www.inbar.int
Printed on recycled paper