Tea for Two Joan- traditional Japanese tea Ceremony House

Joan - traditional Japanese tea Ceremony House
Student
Willemke Snijders - 771731
Teachers
Dhr. W. Hilhorst
Dhr. J. Swagten
Date
12-11-2012
Tea for Two
Master project Architecture
Semester A 2012-2013
Introduction
Joan is a traditional Japanese tea Ceremony
House and was designed by Oda Uraku
(1547-1621) who was born in Owari. He was
a disciple of Sen-no-Rikyu, a great tea master
who perfected the Japanese tea ceremony.
Sen-no-Rikyu had studied tea in Sakai under
Joo and became Oda Nobunaga’s tea master.
Nobunaga was one of the greatest warriors
during the Warring States period. Being his
tea master means heaving a position at the
pinnacle of the art. Oda Uruka was a younger
brother of Oda Nobunaga
Uraku was a general and master of tea
ceremony. Later in life, he renounced his
military regard and lived his life in Shodenin
Shoin, a study room in 1618. In this life he
build Joan on the ground of Kenninji Temple
In Kyoto. Joan is now renowned as one of the
best tea houses in the Japanese tea ceremony
history. In 1936 Joan was designated as a
national treasure.
After the Meiji era (1868-1912) Joan was
removed and rebuild twice. Joan was finally
settled at it’s presentation location at Inuyama
in 1972. It stands still now in a serene
Japanese landscape garden named Urakuen.
In the Azuchi-Momoyamaperiod (1573- 1603)
a new style of architecture developed: The
Sukiya-zukuri. This style was based on the
shoin zukuri and came from the Japanese tea
ceremony. Sukiya actually refers to the building
where the tea ceremony occured. Simplicity is
basic of this style. Decorations were therefore
purely with a natural character. This style,
based on the Japanese tea ceremony, is the
founder of the current Japanese architecture.
So Joan could be seen as a precursor to the
current Japanese style.
Project name: Joan
Type: Teahouse
Location: Urakuen Japanese garden,
Inuyama, Japan
Architect: Oda Uraku
Built: 1618
Inuyama
Oda Uraku is still an authority of the Japanese
culture history.
Image 002 | Japan
3
Masterproject: Tea for Two
Image 001 | Joan Japanese Teahouse
Masterproject: Tea for Two
4
Tea Ceremony House Joan
South Elevation
1:50
East Elevation
1:50
5
Masterproject: Tea for Two
East Elevation
Masterproject: Tea for Two
1:50
6
Site plan
Urakuen Japanese garden is a famous garden
located at Inuyama (Japan). This garden is also
the place where National Treasure tea house
Joan is located now.
An ideal traditional free standing tea house is
surrounded by a small Japanese tea garden
called Roji or ‘dewy ground‘. Joan also has
a Roji. The tea garden was created during
the Muromachi Period (1333–1573) and
Momoyama Period (1573–1600) as a place
for the Chanoyu (Japanese tea ceremony).
The style of this tea gardens takes the name
Roji, also the name for the leading stepping
stone path to the tea room, which is supposed
to inspire the visitor for meditation to prepare
him for the tea ceremony. The path will always
be moist and green, hereby it will look like a
remote mountain path. There are no beautiful
coloured flowers along the path because
that could interrupt the visitors from their
meditation.
Before guests enter the tea room they will
ritually purify themselves by using the Tsukubai
(stone water-basin) near the tea house. Here
they will pour some water over their hands and
drinking some water from the palm of their
hands. The Tsukubai is made out of stone and
water drips from a bamboo pipe. Tsukubai
is a recurrent element in classical Japanese
gardens and temples.
Also a recurrent element in Japanese gardens
is a stone lantern. In the Roji that surrounds
Joan you can also find one. Originally they
were located at Buddist temples and lined the
path to the temple. During the Momoyama
Period great tea masters introduced lanterns
to the tea garden according to tradition. Also
the lantern located in the tea garden that
surrounded Joan is according to the tradition.
(Joan was originally built in 1618) In later
gardens they were only used for decoration.
A tea garden is divided into an inner and outer
garden. The inner garden has a KoshikakeMachiai, a waiting arbour for guests who have
come from the Yoritsuki ( waiting place in the
outer garden). The outer garden is a place with
a gate where guest will wait for an invitation
to enter the inner garden. In the inner garden
is along the Roji (path) a waiting bench where
visitors will wait for the host to welcome them
inside the teahouse.
7
Masterproject: Tea for Two
Roji
inner garden
outer garden
Tsukubai
lantern
Urakuen Japanese garden
Masterproject: Tea for Two
Joan
8
Space
Joan is divided into three spaces, a three mat
mizuya, a two-and-a-half chashitsu with a
mizuya dōko and a koshou no aida.
A mizuya is a space in the teahouse where
the host prepares tea ceremony-related tasks
involving water. Like washing utensils and
boiling water for filling and replenishing the pot.
Sen-no-Rikyu’s (a great tea master who
perfected the traditional Japanese tea
ceremony) opinion was that tea houses has
to be designed for having guests. With this
development that they would receive guests
for this cultural activity, there was a need for a
“back room” area for the host to prepare the
tea ceremony. So Joan was one of the first tea
houses with a mizuya. (Oda Uraku was Senno-Rikyu’s disciple)
situated. This mizuya dōko has sliding doors,
so it can be closed from view of the guests.
Chashitsu literally means tea room. The
chashitsu is the place where the tea ceremony
occurs. Joan has a nijouhan, 2,5 tatami mat,
for guests and a daimedatami, a three-quater
tea master mat. The entrance mat is also the
hearth mat and tea master mat. So the ro and
the mizuya dōko are situated on the tea master
mat side. So he can easily use this elements.
Joan has also a special type of mizuya, a
mizuya dōko. It is built against the wall of the
tea room on the side where the host’s mat is
Image 004 | Joan interior
Image 003 | Joan interior
9
The most traditional Japanese tea rooms
have a tokonoma, so Joan also has one. A
tokonoma is a Japanese term referring to a
built-in space in a Japanese style reception
room. Here are valuable objects exhibited.
In Joan the tea master will choose a scroll of
calligraphy or brush painting appropriate to the
ceremony.
Masterproject: Tea for Two
important room
Space
1:50
Masterproject: Tea for Two
room
10
Space
Except for the scroll sometimes there is also a
small vase of flowers, but no other decoration.
Distinguished guests will always sit with their
back facing to the tokonoma, because the
host will not prank with the attributes in the
tokonoma.
Image 005 | Joan interior
There is a ro in Joan for use in the cold
months, a ro is a sunken hearth next to the
tea master mat. From May until October this
hearth is covered with a plain tatami and is not
visible. From November to April they will use
the ro. So the year is divided into two seasons.
Next to the ro is a centre column. This column
is called a Nakabashira. A nakabashira still
demarcates the tea master mat and guest
mats.
Koshou no aida is an attendance room. Guests
will wait here before the entre the tea room.
11
Masterproject: Tea for Two
Masterproject: Tea for Two
12
Enclosure
There is no direct light in tea house. All the
windows are covered with a Japanese paper.
So the most windows in the drawings have
been indicated with ‘translucent‘.
The wall openings indicated with transparent
do not give a view in the tea house.
Joan has a Nijriguchi for the guests. A
Nijriguchi is a crawling entrance and leads
directly into the tearoom. Samurai had to take
their swords of to be able to crawl through the
entrance. So the Nijriguchi symbolizes that
everyone in the tea room is identic. Hereby you
leave your daily worries behind.
Image 006 | Nijriguchi
13
Masterproject: Tea for Two
South Elevation 1:100
East Elevation 1:100
West Elevation 1:100
closed
Ground floor 1:50
Masterproject: Tea for Two
openable
translucent
transparent
14
Routing
Joan has an entrance for the tea master and
one for the guests.
When guests arrive in the inner garden they
can wait in the Koshou no aida before the
host invite them for entre the tearoom. Before
guests enter the tearoom they will ritually purify
them self by using the Tsukubai (stone waterbasin) near the tea house. Here they will pour
some water over their hands and drinking
some water from the palm of their hands.
When they have used the Tsukubai they have
to walk back to the teahouse and must crawl
trough a the Nijiriguchi to get into the tearoom.
Crawling into the tearoom is to leave behind
their worries of daily life. In the room guests will
kneel down and bow to the tokonoma. During
the ceremony they will sit in Seiza position on
the Tatami.
The tea master goes from the shodenin shoin
into the Koshou no aido for inviting the guests
to entre the tearoom. After this he will walk
trough the Mizuya (the place where the tea
master prepares the tea ceremony) and entre
the tearoom by his own entrance. (the door
between the Mizuya and Chasitsu)
When the tea ceremony is finished the tea
master and guests will go back trough their
own entrance.
15
Masterproject: Tea for Two
route guests
Routing1:50
Masterproject: Tea for Two
route tea master
16
Light
The most of Joan’s windows are made out a
frame of wood which holds together a grillage
of bamboo or wood. Other windows are made
by not plastering the wall. The windows are
covered with shōji, a window, door or room
divider consisting of translucent paper. This
paper is called washi. The washi used in
Joan’s windows and doors is made by using
bamboo. They cover all the windows and
doors with washi there is no direct light but
only translucent light.
Image 008 | Windows covered with Washi
The windows are not used for giving the guests
a view of the environment, this would distract
guests from there concentration. By using
washi the interaction with the environment is
limited. The shōji allows natural light to filter in.
The windows are so oriented that the tea
master mat has enough light to perform the tea
ceremony.
Image 007 | Window: by a not plastered wall
17
Masterproject: Tea for Two
Light
1:50
Masterproject: Tea for Two
translucent
18
Materials
All materials used for the teahouse are
intentionally simple and rustic.
The structure consists of round wooden
beams. The walls are made by a grillage of
wood finished with plaster. On the inside
some walls are plastered with pages from old
almanacs as wainscoting along the lower walls.
For the drainpipe they used the half of a
bamboo pipe. There is also bamboo used for
the sunshades on the outside of the windows.
The roof construction is also made of wood,
the roofing is a shake roof.
Image 010 | Old almanacs as wainscoting along the
lower walls
19
Masterproject: Tea for Two
bamboo drainpipe
bamboo sunshades
plastered wall
round wood structure
Image 009| Joan Japanese Teahouse
Masterproject: Tea for Two
20
Proportions
The measurement of Joan is bases on the
size of tatami mats. The size of tatami differs
between different regions in Japan. Joan
was originally built in Kyoto. In the Kyoto area
tatami measures 0.955 m by 1.910 m.
Joan has a nijouhan, 2,5 tatami mat, for guests
and a daimedatami, a three-quater tea master
mat. The mizuya consist of three tatami mats.
So the size of the chasitsu and the mizuya are
measured by the number of tatami mats.
It is not clear if the Koshou no aida is
measured by tatami mats. But it look likes that
the space is also divided by tatami.
Image 011 | Tatami mats in the Chasitsu of Joan
21
Masterproject: Tea for Two
tatami grid
Proportions1:50
Masterproject: Tea for Two
personal grid
22
23
Masterproject: Tea for Two
Bibliography
Books
»» Thema thee, Museum boymans-van beuningen Rotterdam,
Steendrukkerij de Jong & Co., Hilversum, 1978
»» The contemporary tea house, Arata Isozaki, Tadao Ando,
Terunobu Fujimori, Kengo Kuma, Hiroshi Hara, Kodansha
International., London, 2007
Internet
»» www.japanese-tea-ceremony.net
»» http://ml.inuyama.gr.jp
»» http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3352.html
»» http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatami
»» http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo-an_%28teahouse%29
»» http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony
Images
001-wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urakuen_Joan.jpg
002- own work
003-mitsui-museum.jp
004- source: network2010.org
005- source: mitsui-museum.jp
006-greentea-room.com
007-japan-i.jp
008- The contemporary Tea House, page 17
009-wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urakuen_Joan.jpg
010- source: network2010.org
011- The contemporary Tea House, page 17
Drawings
own work
Masterproject: Tea for Two
24