BRBarrack720-2010GrainLegumeProductManual

Transcription

Nothing sticks better
than Barrack.
Grain Legume
Product Manual
Stick with what you know.
Barrack Grain Legume
Product Manual
Since the early 1980’s, Crop Care’s
unique chlorothalonil fungicide formulation has
been the benchmark for superior disease
control in a wide range of crops,
even in wet conditions.
So for reliable results in all situations,
nothing sticks better than Barrack 720.
Acknowledgments
This manual was prepared by technical and marketing staff of Crop Care with assistance
of researchers in the Pulse Industry. Researchers are acknowledged in the body of
the manual. Gordon Cumming and Wayne Hawthorne from Pulse Australia provided
considerable support and advice to assist in the production of this edition of the manual.
We would also like to thank them for providing the photography used in this manual.
Stick with what you know.
Contents
INTRODUCTION
3
PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS 3
CROP REGISTRATIONS 3
DISEASE CONTROL
3-9
Chickpeas and Lentils: Ascochyta Control
3
Chickpeas and Lentils: Botrytis Grey Mould Control
8
Faba Beans: Chocolate Spot and Rust Control 9
HOW TO GET THE BEST OUT OF BARRACK 720
9 - 11
Application Rate
9
Application Frequency
10
Water Volumes
10
Nozzle Selection
10
Aerial Application
10
Adjuvants and Compatibility
11
Measuring and Mixing Barrack 720
11
Rainfast Properties
11
APPLICATION GUIDELINES
12
Directions for Use
12
Withholding Periods
12
Crop Care - Barrack Grain Legume Product Manual
1
INTRODUCTION
Barrack® 720 is the leading protectant fungicide for control of a range of foliar diseases
in pulse (grain legume) crops. Following a number of years under permit use it is now fully
registered in 2010 for foliar disease control in chickpeas, lentils, faba beans and field peas.
PRODUCT FEATURES AND
BENEFITS
DISEASE CONTROL
Chickpeas and Lentils :
Ascochyta Control
Long Lasting Residual Protectant
Barrack 720 is a superior formulation of chlorothalonil that
has been shown to provide long lasting residual performance.
Chlorothalonil is stable on plant surfaces and is not subject
to UV light degradation when dry. It undergoes slow hydrolysis
up to a pH of 9.0 and is more stable than dithiocarbamate
fungicides (eg. mancozeb).
Because Barrack 720 is a protectant fungicide, best
results will be achieved if it is applied prior to disease
infection or at least in the early stages of disease
development. The best application strategy will depend
on the disease susceptibility of the variety of crop being
grown and climatic conditions.
Broad Spectrum of Disease Activity
Barrack 720 is active against a wide range of pathogens that
include the major foliar fungal diseases of pulse
(grain legume) crops grown in Australia.
Excellent Rainfast Properties
Once dry on the leaf, Barrack 720 adheres strongly to leaves.
If applied to wet leaves, good adhesion is also possible, since
excellent performance has been observed if Barrack 720 is
applied to plants that have heavy dew on them. This may be
a useful method of obtaining some redistribution to the lower
canopy of heavy crops.
Multi Site Fungicide and Resistance Management
The active ingredient in Barrack 720, chlorothalonil, belongs
to the Group M5 of fungicides. There is no known resistance
of disease pathogens to chlorothalonil and the risk of
resistance development is considered to be low. This makes
Barrack 720 an excellent product in spray programs from a
resistance management point of view.
Relatively short Harvest and Grazing Withholding
Periods
Barrack 720 has manageable withholding periods (14 days) for
both grain harvest and grazing (or cutting for stock feed). This
period is well within the practical requirements of growers.
In addition to complying with the grazing withholding period
(14 days), an Export Slaughter Interval (ESI) of 63 days
applies to stock grazing treated forage, fodder or stubble.
Stock must be placed onto clean feed for 63 days prior to
being sold or slaughtered for export.
Do not graze or feed treated forage to livestock that may be
used to produce milk for human consumption.
CROP REGISTRATIONS
Barrack 720 is now registered on:
• Chickpeas
• Faba beans
• Lentils
• Peas
1. GENERAL
There are a number of management practices that growers
need to undertake to effectively manage Ascochyta in
chickpeas (Ascochyta rabiei) and lentils (Ascochyta lentis).
For additional detailed information refer to Pulse Australia
Bulletins;
- Chickpea Disease Management Strategy - Northern Region
- Chickpea Disease Management Strategy - Southern Region
- Lentil Disease Management Strategy - Southern Region
- Individual Variety Management Packages (VMP)
Which can be down loaded from www.pulseaus.com.au
These management practices are:
Ensure Appropriate On-farm Hygiene and
Crop Rotation
Avoid planting close to last year’s crops
(>500m where possible).
Separate paddocks by at least 500 - 1000m. Consider
the possibility of transfer of infected stubble/trash by
wind, water or grazing stock from previous crops when
making decisions about planting.
Control volunteer plants during fallow and
summer cropping.
Endeavour to have a break of at least 3 years
between successive crops of chickpeas and lentils.
Plant High Quality Seed Treated with
P-Pickel T® or Thiragranz® or Thiram
Source seed from low risk areas, such as
paddocks that were monitored during the
production season and in which no Ascochyta
blight was detected.
Results have shown that P-Pickle T is the
preferred seed treatment for Ascochyta
control. Many trial results, both in the
laboratory and in the field have shown that
P-Pickel T provides superior control of seed
infection and early seedling infection than
thiram alone. This is because P-Pickel T is
a combination of systemic (thiabendazole)
and protectant (thiram) fungicides. The
systemic component allows penetration
into the seed to control existing infections
and uptake into the growing seedling
for early foliar protection. Figures 1
and 2 on page 4 illustrate the superior
performance of P-Pickel T compared with
Thiraflo® for Ascochyta control.
3
Ascochyta* Control
Percent Infection of Seeds or Seedlings with A. rabiei**
P-Pickel T
2L/tonne seed
90
80
UTC Inoculated
70
Thiraflo
2L/tonne seed
60
50
40
* All seed was inoculated with
Ascochyta rabiei spores prior
to treatment.
30
20
** Trial 3 includes all fungal
infection including some
Ascochyta.
10
0
Trial 1
Laboratory
Trial 2
Greenhouse
Trial 3
Laboratory
Ascochyta Control
Disease Score (0-7) for A. rabiei on seedlings 7 weeks after sowing
P-Pickel T
2L/tonne seed
UTC Inoculated
2.5
Thiraflo
2L/tonne seed
2
1.5
The trial was established
in an isolated paddock
free from Ascochyta
rabiei with infected seed
so that all disease was
seed transmitted.
1
0.5
0
Trial: W MacLeod, Beverley DAFWA 2000
Figure 2
In Figures 3 and 4 below, the value of a combination of seed
treatment with P-Pickel T followed by 2 foliar applications of
Barrack 720 is shown in lentils.
Merriden, WA - 1996
Ascochyta Control in Lentil
Disease Score (0-9) for A. lentis at early pod fill
3.5
P-Pickel T
2L/tonne seed
3
2.5
2
1.5
Monitor Crops for Disease and Weather Conditions Closely
Early detection of disease is critical for effective management.
Crops should be inspected 10 - 14 days after each rainfall
event and if disease is found then an application of Barrack
720 should be made immediately prior to the next likely rainfall
event, except in the case of resistant varieties, where further
monitoring should be undertaken before a decision to spray
is made. In the case of very susceptible and susceptible
varieties, protective applications should be made prior to
rainfall events irrespective of the presence of infection.
Ensure Careful Set-up of Application Equipment
Select the proper nozzles and setup (see Application
recommendations on page 9) to achieve appropriate spray
quality (fine to medium) and use recommended water volumes
when applying fungicides.
Employ Spray Programs that consider Varietal
Susceptibility and Weather Conditions
A. Very Susceptible to Susceptible Varieties
UTC fb 2
Barrack Sprays
(eg Howzat, Jimbour, Kaniva, Kyabra)
Timing of application of protective sprays is very important on
this variety group as application once infection is established
will be less effective.
In the northern region apply the first application of Barrack 720
at 1L/ha prior to the first rainfall event after emergence, or
3 weeks after emergence or at the 3 branch stage whichever
occurs first. In southern and western regions apply the first
spray at 4 - 6 weeks after emergence.
Make subsequent applications at 2 - 4 week intervals or
prior to rainfall events at 1 - 2L/ha. If applying prior to rainfall
events, reapply if more than 2 weeks have elapsed since the
last application. Inspect the crop for Ascochyta infection 10 to
14 days after each rainfall event and if infection is detected
make the next application at 2L/ha.
Many trials have shown that Barrack 720 is the preferred
fungicide of choice for Ascochyta control, particularly where
there is an existing infection or the risk of infection is high.
Results illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ¹, for Howzat
show the effectiveness of Barack when applied under very
heavy disease pressure.
Trial: W MacLeod & M Sweetingham, Merredin DAFWA 1996
Figure 3
Merriden, WA - 1996
Ascochyta Control - Grain Yield
Grain Yield (t/ha)
P-Pickel T
2L/tonne seed
P-Pickel T fb 2
Barrack Sprays
0.8
UTC
0.6
UTC fb 2
Barrack Sprays
0.4
0.2
Lentil Variety: ILL6002
0
Trial: W MacLeod & M Sweetingham, Merredin DAFWA 1996
Figure 4
4
Wider row spacing (50 - 100cm for chickpeas and greater than
25cm for lentils) allows improved air circulation within the crop,
lowering humidity levels, which can reduce the severity of foliar
fungal diseases, providing lodging does not occur. They also
allow for the use of band spraying of fungicides early in the life
of the crop.
UTC
Lentil Variety: ILL6002
1
Aim for the optimum planting window for your region. Plantings
made earlier than the recommended planting time tend to be
more vegetative and are exposed to more potential infection
opportunities (i.e. rain events).
2. CHICKPEAS
0
1.2
Plant During the Optimum Window
P-Pickel T fb 2
Barrack Sprays
1
0.5
Chickpea cultivars which are susceptible (eg. Amethyst, Howzat,
Jimbour, Kaniva and Kyabra) should be avoided where there
is high risk of Ascochyta infection. If these varieties are to
be grown then the grower must be prepared to undertake a
comprehensive fungicide spray program.
Consider Planting on a Wider Row Spacing
Trials: M. Ramsey & R. Kimber, SARDI 2000
Figure 1
3
Avoid Varieties Susceptible to Disease in
High Risk Situations
1. McMurray, L.S., Brand, J.D., Davidson, J.A., Hobson, K. and Materne, M. Economic chickpea
production for southern Australia through improved cultivars and strategic management to
control ascochyta blight. 13th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference, 10 - 14th
September, 2006, Perth WA.
Turretfield, SA Trial - 2004
Ascochyta Control
Kalkee, Vic Trial - 2005
Ascochyta Control
Ascochyta Infection Score (1-9)
7
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Fortnightly
6
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Strategic
80
5
UTC
70
Barrack 720 1L/ha
Strategic
60
UTC
4
Fortnightly sprays from 8
weeks after sowing to end
of podding (6 sprays).
Strategic sprays prior to rain
from 8 weeks after sowing to
end of podding (3 sprays).
3
2
1
(S) = Susceptible
(R) = Resistant
50
40
30
20
0
Howzat (S)
Barrack 720 1L/ha
Fortnightly
90
10
Genesis 090 (R)
0
Source:1. McMurray, L., Brand, J., Davidson, J., Hobson, K. and Materne, M. (2006)
Howzat
(S)
Figure 5
Chickpea Grain Yield
Sonali
(MS)
Almaz
(MR)
Genesis
509(R)
(S) = Susceptible
(MS) = Moderately susceptible
(MR) = Moderately resistant
(R) = Resistant
Figure 9
Grain Yield (t/ha)
2.5
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Fortnightly
2
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Strategic
UTC
Kalkee, Vic Trial - 2005
Grain Yield (t/ha)
2.5
Barrack 720 1L/ha
Fortnightly
2
Barrack 720 1L/ha
Strategic
1.5
1
0.5
UTC
1.5
(S) = Susceptible
(R) = Resistant
0
Howzat (S)
Genesis 090 (R)
1
0.5
Figure 6
0
Ascochyta Control
Howzat
(S)
Ascochyta Foliage and Stem Infection (%)
90
80
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Strategic
70
UTC
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sonali
(MS)
Almaz
(MR)
Almaz
(MR)
Genesis
509(R)
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Fortnightly
100
Howzat
(S)
Sonali
(MS)
Genesis
509(R)
(S) = Susceptible
(R) = Resistant
Figure 10
Results from Figures 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 also
demonstrate the superior performance and profitability
of Barrack compared to mancozeb on Howzat, Jimbour
and Kyabra chickpeas.
Tamworth, NSW Trial - 2000
Ascochyta Control
8
7
Figure 7
6
5
4
Grain Yield (t/ha)
3
3.5
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Fortnightly
2
3
Barrack 720 2L/ha
Strategic
1
UTC
0
2.5
Howzat
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Howzat
(S)
Sonali
(MS)
Almaz
(MR)
(S) = Susceptible
(R) = Resistant
Genesis
509(R)
(S) = Susceptible
(R) = Resistant
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks
Dithane 2kg/ha 2wks
Barrack 2L/ha 2wks
Dithane 2kg/ha 4wks
Barrack 2L/ha 4wks
UTC
Treatments commenced 6 weeks after sowing, with 9 and 5
applications in the 2 schedules shown.
Source: K Moore, NSW I&I. Trial: RGI00Tam
Figure 11
Figure 8
5
Ascochyta Control
B. Moderately Susceptible to Moderately
Resistant Varieties
Grain Yield (t/ha)
2.5
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks
Barrack 2L/ha 2wks
2
Barrack 2L/ha 4wks
Dithane 2kg/ha 2wks
1.5
Dithane 2kg/ha 4wks
UTC
1
Treatments commenced
6 weeks after sowing,
with 9 and 5 applications
in the 2 schedules shown.
0.5
0
Howzat
Source: K Moore, NSW I&I. Trial: RGI00Tam
Figure 12
Tamworth, NSW - 2004
Grain Yield from Ascochyta Control
Grain Yield (kg/ha)
4000
Barrack 1L/ha
every 2wks (10)
3500
Barrack 1L prior to rain
after initial infection (6)
3000
Barrack 0.5L
prior to rain (7)
2500
Dithane 1-2kg/ha prior
to rain (7)
2000
UTC
1500
5 weeks after sowing.
Numbers in brackets above
are the total applications in
each schedule shown.
1000
500
0
Howzat
Jimbour
Yorker
Source: K Moore, NSW I&I. Trial: FUN04
Figure 13
Grain Yield (kg/ha)
3
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks
Barrack 0.5L/ha 2wks
2.5
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha
2wks
2
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha x1
fb Barrack 0.5L/ha 2wks
1.5
UTC
1
Treatments were commenced
prior to inoculation with
Ascochyta and then every
2 weeks (approx). 6 applications
were made in total.
0.5
0
Jimbour
Kyabra
(eg Sonali, Almaz, Nafice and Yorker)
In the northern region apply the first preventative application
of Barrack 720 at 1L/ha prior to the first rainfall event after
emergence, or 3 weeks after emergence or at the 3 branch
stage, whichever occurs first. In southern and western regions
apply the first spray at 4 - 6 weeks after emergence. Inspect
the crop 10 to 14 days after each subsequent rainfall event
and if disease is detected reapply Barrack 720 at 1L/ha prior
to the next rainfall event.
Continue monitoring and spray again if weather and disease
levels indicate Ascochyta blight is spreading.
Results illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10¹ show
that under severe disease pressure moderately susceptible
varieties such as Sonali will benefit from more intensive spray
programs. Moderately resistant varieties such as Almaz and
Yorker will also have very positive yield responses and gross
margins to regular sprays of Barrack under heavy disease
pressure. (see Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 and 15)
C. Moderately Resistant to Resistant Varieties
(eg Flipper, PBA HatTrick, PBA Slasher and Genesis lines)
There is no cost benefit in applying a fungicide before
Ascochyta blight is detected. Inspect the crop 10 - 14 days
after each rain event for Ascochyta blight. In the case of Flipper
when Ascochyta blight is detected apply Barrack 720 at 1L/
ha prior to the next rain event. Continue monitoring and spray
again if weather and disease levels indicate Ascochyta
is spreading.
In areas where there is a recent (previous season) history of
high Ascochyta disease pressure or where effective monitoring
or spray application timing may be compromised, a preventative
fungicide spray before the first rain event after crop emergence,
or three weeks after emergence or at the three branch stage of
development (whichever occurs first) should be considered.
In the case of resistant varieties (eg PBA Hatrick, PBA Slasher,
Genesis 090) application of Barrack 720 can usually be
delayed until podding to prevent pod and grain infection.
Data from trials in southern and northern grain regions have
confirmed that a reactive strategy is likely to be most profitable
on resistant varieties. Under very heavy disease pressure
(see Figures 7, 8, 16 and 17) applications of Barrack at
strategic times will result in increases in gross margins.
Yorker
* These treatments were sequenced in accordance with the current
Ascochyta VMP recommended by Pulse Australia for this variety.
Source: K Moore, NSW I&I. Trial: TAC08 Tamworth
Figure 14
Gross Margin from Ascochyta Control
Grain Yield (t/ha)
Gross Margin ($/ha)
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks
800
Barrack 0.5L/ha 2wks
600
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha
2wks
400
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha x1
fb Barrack 0.5L/ha 2wks
200
UTC
Barrack 0.5L/ha Reactive
2.5
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha
2wks
2
UTC
Treatments 1 and 3 (2wk)
commenced prior to inoculation
with Ascochyta and then every 2
weeks (approx). Six applications
were made in total.
Treatment 2 (reactive) commenced
5 weeks after inoculation and 4
infection events with Ascochyta and
then every 2 weeks (approx). Four
applications were made in total.
1.5
1
0
Treatments were commenced
prior to inoculation with
Ascochyta and then every
2 weeks (approx). 6 applications
were made in total.
-200
-400
Jimbour
Kyabra
Yorker
0.5
0
Flipper
HatTrick
Genesis 425
Figure 16
Figure 15
6
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks
3
Gross Margin from Ascochyta Control
Tamworth, NSW - 2001 Ascochyta
Control – Bumper Variety Harvested Grain
Infection with A. rabiei
Gross Margin ($/ha)
800
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks
700
Barrack 0.5L/ha Reactive
600
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha
2wks
500
UTC
300
200
100
0
Flipper
HatTrick
25
Barrack 1L/ha
Dithane 2kg/ha
20
Treatments 1 and 3 (2wk)
commenced prior to inoculation
with Ascochyta and then every 2
weeks (approx). Six applications
were made in total.
Treatment 2 (reactive) commenced
5 weeks after inoculation and 4
infection events with Ascochyta and
then every 2 weeks (approx). Four
applications were made in total.
400
% Seed Infection with Ascochyta rabiei at harvest
UTC
15
10
5
Genesis 425
A total of 5 applications were
made prior to rain during the
season for each treatment.
0
Source: K Moore, NSW I&I. Trial: FUN01
Figure 17
Figure 18
Hart, SA Trial - 2005
Chickpea Pod Infection
3. LENTILS
A. Very Susceptible to Susceptible Varieties
There are no current lentil varieties that are classed as
“Very Susceptible” or “Susceptible” to Ascochyta Blight.
[Cumra was a “Susceptible” variety (Figure 22)]
B. Moderately Susceptible to Moderately
Resistant Varieties
Pod Infection (%)
80
Barrack 720 2L/ha
70
Dithane 750 2kg/ha
60
50
(eg Tiara, Boomer, Nugget, Aldinga, Digger, PBA Flash and
PBA Bounty)
There is no cost benefit in applying a fungicide before
Ascochyta blight is detected.
Inspect the crop for Ascochyta infection at flowering.
Apply the first spray of Barrack 720 at 1 - 2L/ha around the
commencement of podding (usually at 14 - 16 weeks after
sowing), if infection is identified in the crop at flowering.
Inspect the crop 10 to 14 days later (16 - 18 weeks AS)
around mid pod fill and if disease is detected reapply
Barrack 720 at 1 - 2L/ha prior to the next rainfall event.
Continue monitoring on a weekly basis until the end of pod
fill and spray again if weather and disease levels indicate
Ascochyta blight is spreading. This strategy is important to
prevent pod infection in these varieties.
40
30
20
10
1 spray only at
early podding.
0
Almaz
(MR)
Genesis
090 (R)
Genesis
508 (R)
Genesis
509 (R)
(R) = Resistant
Source:1. McMurray, L., Brand, J., Davidson, J., Hobson,
K. and Materne, M. (2006)
Figure 19
Hart, SA Trial - 2005
Chickpea Grain Weight
Grain Weight (g/100 seeds)
45
Barrack 720 2L/ha
40
Dithane 750 2kg/ha
35
C. Resistant Varieties
30
(eg Nipper and Northfield)
There is no cost benefit in applying a fungicide for Ascochyta
blight in these varieties.
These varieties also have good pod resistance to Ascochyta
and fungicide applications are unlikely to be required.
25
20
1 spray only at
early podding.
15
10
(MR) = Moderately
resistant
(R) = Resistant
5
0
Almaz
(MR)
4. POD INFECTION
All current chickpea varieties and many lentil varieties are
susceptible to pod infection from Ascochyta, irrespective of
vegetative plant resistance as outlined above. The prevention
of pod/seed infection is very important in maintaining the
quality and marketability of chickpeas and lentils. If there is
the risk of Ascochyta infection between appearance of first
pod and harvest, Barrack 720 should be applied at 1 - 2 L/ha
once flowering has commenced up to 14 days before harvest.
Application should be made prior to rainfall events during
this period and then again after 21 days if another rainfall
event is forecast. Many trials have shown that Barrack 720
is superior to mancozeb in preventing pod/seed infection and
improving grain weight. This is illustrated on varieties that are
very susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant to foliar
infection with Ascochyta in Figures 18, 19 and 20.
Genesis
090 (R)
Genesis
508 (R)
Genesis
509 (R)
Source:1. McMurray, L., Brand, J., Davidson, J., Hobson,
K. and Materne, M. (2006)
Figure 20
7
Chickpeas and Lentils:
Botrytis Grey Mould Control
Consider Planting on a Wider Row Spacing
With the development of Ascochyta resistant chickpea varieties,
the importance of Botrytis is likely to increase in this crop
with the decreasing number of Barrack 720 applications for
Ascochyta control.
Most of the management practices referred to in the section
on Ascochyta blight control in chickpeas and lentils also apply
to Botrytis grey mould control. These are:
Ensure Appropriate On-farm Hygiene and Crop Rotations
Avoid planting close to last year’s crops
(>500m where possible).
Endeavour to have a break of at least 3 years between
successive crops of chickpeas or lentils although B. cinerea
has a wide host range and crop rotation alone may not be
successful.
Plant High Quality Seed Treated with P-Pickel T
Source seed from low risk areas, such as paddocks which
were monitored during the production season and in which no
Botrytis was detected.
Many trial results, both in the laboratory and in the field have
shown that P-Pickel T provides superior control of seed borne
infection and early seedling infection than thiram alone. This is
because P-Pickel T is a combination of systemic (thiabendazole)
and protectant (thiram) fungicides. The systemic component
allows penetration into the seed to control seed borne
infections and uptake into the growing seedling for protection
during emergence. Figure 21 below illustrates the superior
performance of P-Pickel T compared with Thiraflo for Botrytis
control on a range of infected varieties of chickpea seed.
Horsham, Vic - 1998
Botrytis* Control in Chickpeas
Wider row spacing (50 - 100cm for chickpeas and greater than
25cm for lentils) allows improved air circulation within the crop,
lowering humidity levels and can reduce the severity of foliar
fungal diseases, providing lodging does not occur. They also
allow for the use of band spraying of fungicides early in the life
of the crop.
Monitor Crops and Weather Closely for Disease
Early detection of disease is critical for effective management.
Carefully consider impending weather conditions to allow
preventative action including application of protectant fungicides
prior to rain, particularly on highly susceptible varieties.
Ensure Careful Set-up of Appropriate Equipment for
Fungicide Application
Select the proper nozzles and setup (see Application
recommendations on page 9) to achieve appropriate spray
quality (fine to medium) and use recommended water volumes
when apply fungicides.
Employ Preventative Spray Programs when Conditions
are Conducive to Botrytis
Barrack 720 is a protectant fungicide for Botrytis control
and is registered for in crop control of this disease in lentils,
but not in chickpeas. However, Barrack 720 will provide
good suppression of Botrytis in chickpeas when applied for
Ascochyta control.
Crops should be monitored for Botrytis before the canopy
starts to close and if Botrytis is increasing in the crop,
Spinflo® FL or Fortress® 500 should be applied at critical
times such as mid flowering to mid pod fill within the Barrack
spray program. Results illustrated in Figures 22, 23 and 24
demonstrate the performance of Barrack, Spinflo FL and
Fortress for Botrytis control on different varieties of lentils.
Warracknabeal, Vic - 2000
Ascochyta & Botrytis Control in Lentils
Seedling Emergence Plants (m2)
P-Pickel T 2L/tonne seed
60
UTC
50
Thiraflo 2L/tonne seed
40
Grain Yield (t/ha)
1.8
Barrack 720 1L early (2)
1.6
SpinFlo 0.5L (1)
1.4
30
Barrack 720 1L early (2)
fb SpinFlo 0.5L (1)
1.2
Barrack 720 1L early +
late (3) + SpinFlo 0.5L (1)
1
20
0.8
10
* All seed WAS inoculated
with Botrytis cinerea spores
prior to sowing.
0
Bumper Desavic
Figure 21
Kaniva
Lasseter
Sona
0.4
Numbers in brackets are the
total number of applications
applied for that program.
0.2
Trial: T Bretag, DPI Vic 1998
0
Digger
Use of Varietal Resistance
All chickpea varieties are classified as being susceptible to
moderately susceptible to Botrytis Grey Mould (BGM) and the
application of a foliar fungicide will be necessary if conditions
favor BGM infection and development. This will be under more
humid conditions, particularly where there is a heavy canopy in
higher rainfall areas.
There is a range of varietal resistance between Lentil varieties.
Varieties that are susceptible to moderately susceptible (eg
Northfield, PBA Flash, PBA Bounty) should either be avoided or
well managed where there is high risk of Botrytis grey mould
infection. If these varieties are to be grown then the grower
must be prepared to apply several applications of fungicides
for Botrytis control. Alternatively varieties that are moderately
resistant to resistant (i.e. Boomer, Digger, Nugget and Nipper)
should be considered. However, a BGM protective spray before
canopy closure is still considered desirable even with BGM
resistant varieties in prone areas.
8
Untreated
0.6
Cumra
Trial: IAMA 2000
Figure 22
Curramullka, SA - 2001
Grey Mould Control in Lentils
Plants Infected with Botrytis (%)
Barrack 1L 2wkly (5)
70
60
Barrack 2L prior
to rain (3)
50
fb Fortress 0.5L (1)
40
Dithane 2kg 2wkly (5)
30
UTC
20
10
Values in brackets are the
total number of sprays.
0
Northfield
Source: CCA Trial AU12-01-P851
Figure 23
Curramullka, SA - 2001
Grey Mould Control in Lentils
Grain Yield (kg/ha)
0.9
0.8
Barrack 2L prior
to rain (3)
0.7
fb Fortress 0.5L (1)
0.6
0.5
Dithane 2kg 2wkly (5)
0.4
UTC
0.3
Rust is more commonly a problem later in the season when
higher temperatures (>20ºC) occur, although infection can
still occur at lower temperatures with development taking
longer. Rust is also more of a problem in the northern areas
where spring temperatures and humidities are higher.
The results of a trial conducted in faba beans with Barrack
720 which are shown in Figure 25 below, illustrate the value
of the product for control of Chocolate Spot and Rust in
faba bean.
Barrack 720 at 1L/ha was the most cost effective treatment.
Auburn, SA - 2000
Chocolate Spot and Rust Control in Faba Beans
0.2
Values in brackets are the
total number of sprays.
0.1
Grain Yield (t/ha)
0
Northfield
Barrack 1L/ha (5)
2.5
Source: CCA Trial AU12-01-P851
Figure 24
Barrack 2L/ha (5)
Barrack 2L/ha (2)
2
Grain yield of Digger, a lentil variety with moderate susceptibility
to Ascochyta pod infection but moderate resistance to Botrytis,
was improved (34% yield increase over untreated) with 2 early
applications of Barrack, but there was no benefit in applying
Spinflo for Botrytis control as might be expected. The third
application of Barrack at flowering was also of no additional
benefit to the 2 early applications on Digger.
However, in the case of Cumra, a variety which is susceptible
to Ascochyta blight and moderately susceptible to Botrytis
grey mould, by far the best treatment (81% yield increase over
untreated) was the combination of Barrack applied early and
late plus a Spinflo application at canopy closure to improve
control of Botrytis.
Figures 23 and 24 illustrate the value of the insertion of the
specific Botrytis product, Fortress at the critical mid flowering
stage as well as the poor performance of mancozeb against
Botrytis grey mould on the susceptible variety, Northfield.
Where Ascochyta blight is present during podding and there
is a medium to high risk of Botrytis grey mold infection on
varieties that are susceptible to moderately susceptible, then
tank mixtures of Barrack 720 with SpinFlo or Fortress should
be used at mid flowering/early pod fill stage. In the case of
Northfield (good resistance to Ascochyta pod infection) Spinflo
or Fortress alone could be used.
Faba Beans: Chocolate Spot
and Rust Control
Barrack 720 is recommended for control of both Chocolate Spot
(Botrytis fabae) and Rust (Uromyces vicia-fabae) in faba beans.
Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) can also be a problem
in faba beans, affecting foliage, stems, pods and seeds.
Ascochyta will be suppressed by foliar sprays of Barrack 720
applied for control of Chocolate Spot and Rust, although it is
not registered for control of Ascochyta blight in faba beans.
Cultural practices (on-farm hygiene, crop rotations, wider row
spacing, avoiding lodging and crop monitoring) described for
control of Botrytis in chickpeas and lentils (refer to previous
section) will also assist in the control of Chocolate Spot and
Rust in faba beans.
Preventative Spray Programs
Chocolate spot will be most prevalent in dense, early sown or
lodged crops. Preventative sprays of Barrack should be applied.
when temperatures are in the range of 15 - 25ºC and humidity
is likely to be high (70%) for 4 - 5 days. The most critical times
for infection are during flowering and pod fill. Preventative
treatment should commence before canopy closure in beans
to ensure the lower canopy is protected. Follow up sprays for
botrytis may be necessary as required, and can be beneficial
in varieties that are susceptible to ascochyta blight (eg Fiesta
VF, Doza).
Dithane DG 2kg/ha (5)
UTC
1.5
1
Values in brackets are
the number of applications
applied on 2 - 3 week
intervals all commencing
8 weeks after sowing.
0.5
0
Faba Beans
Crop Care Grower Trial
Figure 25
HOW TO GET THE BEST OUT
OF BARRACK
Application Rate
The application rate of Barrack 720 for foliar disease
control in pulses (grain legumes) ranges from 1 to 2.3L/ha
depending on the crop and disease(s) being targeted as
well as crop growth stage, spray interval, disease
pressure and varietal resistance.
In faba beans the recommended rates are 1.4 to
2.3L/ha, with the higher rate recommended when crops
are dense and where there is high disease pressure.
In chickpeas and lentils for Ascochyta blight and
Botrytis grey mould control the recommended rates
range from 1 to 2 L/ha.
The lower rate may be used in the following
circumstances
• At the early stage of crop growth when there is less vegetation to cover and band spraying
is possible
• As a preventative spray or in low disease pressure situations, where there is no history of disease infection in the paddock or adjacent paddocks and/or seasonal conditions are dry
• Where a strict 2 week spray interval is
practiced in higher disease pressure situations on susceptible varieties
• On varieties which are classified as being moderately resistant to Ascochyta blight infection.
The higher rate should be used in the
following circumstances
• On susceptible varieties and where
• there is high disease pressure or,
• where there is an existing infection or,
• infected stubble is present in the adjacent paddocks and regular rainfall events occur.
9
• where the application interval has extended beyond 2 weeks.
Figures 26, 27 and 28 illustrate that the higher rate of
application of Barrack 720 of 2L/ha is required to provide
good control of Ascochyta blight when the application is
extended to 4 weeks on both a schedule program or prior to
rain in a high disease pressure situation with the susceptible
chickpea variety, Jimbour. On the other hand 1L/ha also
provided ver y good control in this situation when applied on
a 2 week spray schedule.
Forbes, NSW - 2002
Ascochyta Control – Jimbour Variety
Ascochyta Score (1-9)
Barrack 1L/ha 2wks (10)
9
8
7
Barrack 1L/ha prior to rain (5)
6
5
Penncozeb 2kg/ha 2wks (10)
4
UTC
3
with number of applications
in each schedule shown
in brackets.
2
1
0
Jimbour
Source: I Parr, CCA. Trial: NUNN-02-CC-F23
Figure 26
Forbes, NSW - 2002
Ascochyta Control – Jimbour Variety Grain Yield
Grain Yield (t/ha)
1.2
1
0.8
Penncozeb 2kg/ha 2wks (10)
0.6
UTC
0.4
with number of applications
in each schedule shown
in brackets.
0.2
0
Jimbour
Source: I Parr, CCA. Trial: NUNN-02-CC-F23
Figure 27
Mingenew, WA - 2000
Ascochyta Control - Sona Variety
Ascochyta Score (1-10 scale)
8
Barrack 720 1L/ha
7
Barrack 720 2L/ha
6
Dithane 2kg/ha
5
UTC
4
3
4 weeks after emergence,
with applications applied
on a 3 week schedule.
2
1
0
2
3
4
Number of Applications
Figure 28
Source: W MacLeod, DAFWA, 2001
Figures 13, 26, 27 and 28 illustrate the superior performance
of Barrack 720 over mancozeb under high disease pressure
on susceptible chickpea varieties. The advantage of 3 sprays
instead of 2 is also demonstrated in Figure 28.
10
Application Frequency
Depending on the degree of risk and varietal resistance,
applications should commence at;
Chickpeas:
• in the northern region 3 weeks after emergence,
• in the southern and western regions 4 - 6 weeks
after emergence.
Faba bean:
• 6 - 8 weeks after emergence
Lentils:
• 10 - 12 weeks after emergence or following detection of disease in the crop in varieties that are susceptible to the target disease.
Following applications should then be made at 2 to 4 week
intervals or prior to rainfall events in accordance with varietal
resistance levels. Critical periods for prevention of Botrytis
grey mould infection in lentils and faba beans are prior to
canopy closure, mid flowering/early pod fill and the end of
flowering/mid pod fill.
Use the shorter spray interval on susceptible varieties and in
high disease pressure situations (where infection is present
and regular rainfall events are occurring).
The longer spray interval may be used when no rain has
occurred since the last application.
On varieties with moderate resistance, program spraying
is not recommended after the first application. It is then
recommended to monitor for disease 10 to 14 days after
rainfall and if detected reapply before the next rainfall event.
Figures 13, 26 and 27 illustrate the advantage of applying
fungicides prior to rain (infection risk) to improve the efficiency
of Ascochyta blight control in chickpeas in both varieties which
are susceptibile (Howzat and Jimbour) or have moderate
resistance (Yorker).
Varieties that are classed as resistant to Ascochyta blight (PBA
Hatrick, PBA Slasher and most Genesis lines) will generally not
require application before early podding.
Water Volumes
Water volumes will be influenced by nozzle selection and
application equipment.
Ground Application:
Chickpeas and lentils - (Full coverage) minimum of 100 L/ha.
Faba beans and peas - minimum of 200L/ha
If band spraying is practiced early in the life of the crop, spray
volumes can be reduced accordingly.
Trial results have shown that excellent coverage can be
obtained in chickpeas by application to heavy dews (possible
allowing for redistribution of spray to the lower canopy).
Aerial Application: 20 - 30 L/ha.
Use higher water volumes to achieve good coverage of dense
vigorous crops.
Nozzle Selection
Use nozzles that produce a fine to medium spray quality.
Water rates should be kept up to assure good coverage.
If less than 200L/ha water volumes are used then fine spray
quality is likely to provide better coverage.
Good results can be achieved with medium spray quality with
air induction nozzles (applied at a minimum pressure of 400
kpa & water volume of 200L/ha.
Aerial Application
Barrack 720 may be applied through boom or Micronair units
set up to achieve fine to medium spray quality applying a
minimum of 20 - 30L/ha of water. Swath width should not be
wider than that recommended for the plane and application unit.
Werribee, Vic - 2004
Ascochyta Control – Effect of Rainfall Disease
Severity 20 Days After Treatment and Rainfall
Adjuvants and Compatibility
It is not necessary to use any adjuvants or surfactants with
Barrack 720 and in fact some may result in reduced efficacy or
crop phytotoxicity.
If Barrack 720 needs to be applied in tank mixtures with grass
herbicides it will usually be necessary to add an adjuvant to the
tank mixture to maximise the efficacy of the grass herbicide.
The following mixtures have been tested with Barrack 720
and found not to reduce efficacy of the fungicide or herbicide
or insecticide.
Fusion or Fusion® Super + Supercharge® at 1L/100L (1%)
(See Figure 29 below)
Select® + Hasten® at 0.5L/100L (0.5% v/v)
Some transient crop spotting can be expected with these mixtures.
Do not use other adjuvants or tank mix other products with
Barrack 720 unless they have been tested first and found to
be safe and effective.
Ascochyta Score (0-3)
Barrack 720 0.5L/ha
3
Barrack 720 1.0L/ha
2.5
Mancozeb DF 1kg/ha
UTC
2
1.5
Seedlings were grown for 28
days and then fungicides were
applied. After 24 hours, 5mm of
rain was applied and seedlings
were then sprayed with a spore
suspension of A. rabiei
Variety: Howzat
1
0.5
0
Ascochyta Score (0-3) where 0=no disease and 3 =plants severely infected
Source: Eureka! AgResearch Trial.
Figure 30
Tamworth, NSW - 2006
Ascochyta Control – Effect of Rainfall x Fungicide
Disease Severity After Treatment,
Rainfall and Innoculation
Barrack- Fusion Compatibility 2001
Ryegrass Control (%) at 56 DAA
Fusion 200 g/ha
100
Fusion 280 g/ha
90
80
Ascochyta Stem Lesions/Plant
30
No rain
25
50mm
100mm
20
70
150mm
15
60
Barrack
1L/ha
Barrack
1.5L/ha
Barrack
2.3 L/ha
Source : CCA Trial AU10-01-H113 Hunter, Vic.
Fusion +
Supercharge
(1%) alone
Seedlings were grown for
3 weeks and then fungicides
were applied. After drying,
0, 50, 100 or 150 mm of rain
was applied with a rainfall
simulator and seedlings were
then sprayed with a spore
suspension of A. rabiei
Variety: Jimbour
10
5
0
Figure 29
Barrack 720
1L/ha
Measuring and Mixing Barrack 720
Barrack 720 is available in 10L packs
• Slowly invert the container several times to ensure
uniform mixture.
• Mix the required quantity of product with water in the spray tank with agitator running.
Dithane
Rainshield®
2kg/ha
No Fungicide
Source: K Moore, NSW I&I Trial
Figure 31
Rainfast Properties
Barrack 720 has excellent rainfast properties. Once dry, the
product will strongly adhere to leaf surfaces and resist washing
off. Evidence from field applications has shown that efficacy
against Ascochyta in chickpeas is not reduced if Barrack 720
is applied on heavy dews or in light rain.
In Figures 30 and 31 below, the affect of rainfall after
application on the efficacy of different fungicides against
Ascochyta Blight on different chickpea varieties is shown.
In light and heavy rainfall situations, Barrack 720 at 1L/ha
has still provided very good control of Ascochyta. These trials
also show that Barrack 720 is less affected by rainfall than
mancozeb. Even at half the registered rate of application
(0.5L/ha), Barrack 720 provided better control than Mancozeb
DF at 1kg/ha, while 1L/ha clearly gave superior control.
11
Application Guidelines
Directions for use
Restraints:
Crop
Diseases
Controlled
Rate
State L/ha WHP
Critical Comments
LEGUMES
Beans - Broad Chocolate spot
(Botrytis fabae)
(Faba)
Rust (Uromyces
viciae-fabae)
Chickpeas
Lentils
All
states
Ascochyta Blight
Qld,
(Ascochyta rabiei) NSW, Vic,
SA & WA
1.4-2.3
14 days
Harvest
and
Grazing
1-2
Ascochyta Blight
(Ascochyta lentis)
Grey Mould
(Botrytis cinerea,
Botrytis fabae)
Make the first application as soon as conditions favour the development of the disease.
Repeat at 7 - 14 day intervals. Use the higher rate if the crop is dense and disease
pressure is high.
Preplant treatment of chickpea or lentil seed with P-Pickel T® will control seed
transmission of Ascochyta and Botrytis. It is therefore advised as part of an overall
program to manage these diseases in chickpeas and lentils. Foliar applications of
Barrack 720 as indicated below will provide ongoing control of these diseases in
these crops.
Apply in a minimum total water volume of 100L/ha for ground application and 30L/ha
for aerial application.
Use the lower application rate in the following circumstances
1. At the early stage of crop growth when there is less vegetation to cover and band
spraying is possible
2. In low disease pressure situations, where there is no history of Ascochyta infection in
the paddock or adjacent paddocks and/or seasonal conditions are dry
3. Where a strict 2 week spray interval is practiced in higher disease pressure situations.
Use the higher application rate in the following circumstances:
1. In high disease pressure situations, where there is an existing infection or infected
stubble is present in the paddock or adjacent paddocks and regular rainfall events
are occurring.
2. On highly susceptible varieties, especially where the application interval has extended
beyond 2 weeks.
Commence application at 3 to 5 weeks after emergence in chickpeas and 8 to 10
weeks after emergence in lentils and make following applications at 2 to 4 week
intervals or prior to rainfall events.
Use the shorter spray interval when:
1. In high disease pressure situations (infection present and regular rainfall events) or
2. Highly susceptible varieties are being grown
The longer spray interval may be used when:
1. No rain has occurred since the last application or
2. Where the higher application rate has been used in the previous application and where
the variety has low to moderate susceptibility to Ascochyta or Grey Mould infection
If applying prior to rainfall events:
1. Reapply if 2 or more weeks have elapsed since the last application
2. Apply Barrack at 1L/ha if less than 4 weeks have elapsed since the last application
and the variety being grown has low to moderate susceptibility to Ascochyta Blight or Grey
Mould or there is no infection in the crop.
3. Apply Barrack at 2 L/ha if 4 or more weeks have elapsed since the last application
and a highly susceptible variety is being grown or infection is present in the crop.
If Grey Mould is the predominant disease in lentils and infection pressure
is high on a susceptible variety, tank mix or alternate Barrack 720 with
a Botrytis specific fungicide such as carbendazim, at critical times such
as mid flowering to mid pod fill.
WITHHOLDING PERIODS
DO NOT GRAZE OR CUT FOR STOCK FOOD EARLIER THAN THE NUMBER OF DAYS SHOWN AFTER APPLICATION:
CHICK PEAS, FABA BEANS, LENTILS, PEAS
14 DAYS
DO NOT HARVEST THE FOLLOWING CROPS UNTIL THE NUMBER OF DAYS SHOWN AFTER APPLICATION:
CHICK PEAS, FABA BEANS, LENTILS, PEAS
14 DAYS
EXPORT SLAUGHTER INTERVAL:
LIVESTOCK THAT HAS GRAZED ON OR FED TREATED CROPS SHOULD BE PLACED ON CLEAN FEED FOR 63 DAYS PRIOR TO SLAUGHTER OR SALE.
® Barrack, P-Pickel T, Dithane, Spinflo, Fortress, Thiraflo, Thiragranz, Fusion, Supercharge, Select, Hasten and Rain Shield are registered trademarks.
12
Barrack is a registered trademark. Crop Care Australasia Pty Ltd. ACN 061 362 347.

BRBarrack720-2010GrainLegumeProductManual

Transcription

Similar documents

to read our practice feature in the AO Newsletter

Blueberry Entry 2016

Advance Programme - London Hip Meeting 2015

ensure a strong pulse

licor de tannat eng

SAVE

SAVE - Jungle Jim`s International Market

CititrustIP-Brochure-2015

BRBarrack7​20-2010Gra​inLegumePr​oductManua​l

Transcription

Similar documents

BRBarrack720-2010GrainLegumeProductManual