01 Geography and History 1.1

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
YEAR 1, PART 1
www.vicensvives.es
Contents
01
Our planet Earth
02
The representation of the Earth: maps
03
The Earth s relief
04
Rivers and seas
05
Weather and climate
06
Climates and landscapes of the Earth
07
Climas
paisajes
de España, Europa y la CA
Society yand
the environment
1
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Planet Earth and the Solar System
1. The Solar System
2. Planet Earth
3. Rotation of the Earth: days and nights 4. Revolution of the Earth: seasons of the year
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Introduction
•  The Universe is made up of millions of galaxies. •  Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. It contains millions
of stars, including the Sun. •  The Earth and seven other planets orbit the Sun.
Together they form the Solar System.
•  The Earth spins on its axis and also orbits (or moves
around) the Sun. These movements explain why we
have day and night and the changes in the seasons.
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1. The Solar System
1.1. The Solar System
• The Solar System
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1.1. The Solar System
•  The Milky Way is one of the many galaxies that exist
in the Universe. •  The Sun is a star in a galaxy called the Milky Way. •  The Sun is at the centre of the Solar System.
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1.1. The Solar System
•  The Earth is one of the eight planets in the Solar
System.
•  The planets orbit the Sun.
•  The eight planets are divided into two groups: the inner
planets and the outer planets.
•  Satellites are bodies that orbit a planet. The Moon is the
Earth's satellite.
•  Asteroids are small bodies of rock and metal that orbit
the Sun.
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The Solar System
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The Solar System
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2. Planet Earth
2.1. The Blue Planet
• The Earth’s dimensions GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
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2.1. The Blue Planet
•  From space, the Earth looks blue. This is because of the
oxygen in the atmosphere and the abundance of seas
and oceans. •  The Earth is a sphere but it is not perfectly round. It is
slightly flattened at the poles.
•  The equator is an imaginary line that runs around the
middle of the Earth. It separates the planet into two
equal hemispheres.
•  The total surface area of the Earth is 510 000 000 km²,
about 1 000 times bigger than Spain.
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The Earth s dimensions
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The Earth s dimensions
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3. Rotation of the Earth: days and nights
3.1. Rotation of the Earth
• Rotation of the Earth
3.2. Time zones
• Time zones GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
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3.1. Rotation of the Earth
•  The Earth spins (or rotates) on an imaginary axis that
runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. •  The Earth completes one rotation every 24 hours. This
rotation causes the sequence of days and nights.
•  The rotation of the Earth also stops the planet from
becoming too hot or too cold and allows life on Earth to
exist.
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Rotation of the Earth
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Rotation of the Earth
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3.2. Time zones
•  Due to the rotation of the Earth, the Sun first appears in
places in the east. •  In Spain, the Sun rises first in the Balearic Islands, then
in Valencia, followed by Madrid, then Galicia and
finally the Canary Islands. •  Because it gets light and dark at different times in other
parts of the world, the Earth is divided into 24 time
zones. •  All the places in the same time zone share the same
time.
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Time zones
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4. Revolution of the Earth: seasons of the year
4.1. Revolution of the Earth
• The Earth’s revolution around the Sun
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4.1. Revolution of the Earth
•  The Earth takes about one year to complete a revolution
of the Sun. The exact time is 365 days, 6 hours and 9
minutes. •  The inclination (tilt) of the Earth causes the different
seasons.
•  Different areas of the Earth are exposed to different
amounts of solar light during the year. When the
northern hemisphere receives more light, it is summer
in the north and winter in the south. The opposite
happens when the South Pole is tilted towards the Sun.
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The Earth s revolution around the Sun
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The Earth s revolution around the Sun
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