ZERO ENERGY HOME PROJECT TEAM PENDAFLEX David

ZERO ENERGY HOME PROJECT
TEAM PENDAFLEX
David Capobianco, Austin Schumacher, Curtis Barnes, Sarah Kelly
EDSGN 100; Wallace Catanach
Summer Semmester 2; The Pennsylvania State University
LIST OF CONTENT IN ORDER OF PRESENTED:
Introduction
Mission Statement
Abstract
Customer Requirements
Needs Statements
Projected Project Timeline
Location Research
ZEH Surveys
ZEH Research
Benchmarking
External Research
Needs Metric Matrix
Clarifying the Problem
Functional Diagrams
Concept Screening
Concept Scoring
Projected Cost Model
Final Project
Conclusion
Sources
INTRODUCTION
A zero energy house is a home capable of producing all the energy it needs and its
inhabitants consume within a year. It runs using green energies; such as, solar, wind, geothermal,
and hydraulic power. All of which combined with superior design layouts, insulation, overhangs,
and heat controls creates a home capable of lowering our carbon foot print. Our team worked
together in order to produce the most efficient zero energy home possible. We followed the
design process to produce a zero energy house capable of sustaining a family of four and all of
their needs. Within in this portfolio we hope you will find everything you need to understand the
thought process we put into our home.
MISSION STATEMENT
Team Pendaflex will put forth our best effort every day to provide the most efficient,
beautiful, and sustainable zero energy home possible that will suit every single customer. We
will use our own ideas along with green principles and the most advanced technologies available
to provide the best home possible.
ABSTRACT
For our assigned project, building a Zero Energy House, Team Pendaflex is looking to
build the most environmentally friendly, economical, and comfortable home possible. The team
composed of Sarah Kelly, Austin Schumacher, David Capobianco, and Curtis Barnes, looked at
different “green” ways to produce a house that would sustain a family of four, accommodate an
electric car, maintain capabilities in Pennsylvania, and produce extra electricity while being
aesthetically pleasing. The needs of the costumer were our first concern. We provided them with
a two story home, with a greenhouse attachment that ran under the green principals. The house
ran with a photovoltaic system and hybrid geothermal system that produced enough energy to
sustain it throughout the year. We learned that in order to have a functioning zero energy home
system, you have to apply the five principals of zero energy homes, aperture, absorber, thermal
mass, distribution, and control. We also learned that roof pitch, air leakage, and sustainability are
key parts of building the home. The aperture is energy from the sun coming into the home. While
the thermal mass, distribution, control, roof pitch, and air leakage work on controlling the flow
of the heat and the amount of heat coming into the house. We learned that an open layout to
allow air flow adds the functioning of the home while also keeping it aesthetically pleasing, and
that energy star appliances help to lower energy usage. By putting everything we learned
together, we were able to produce a zero energy home.
What is a Zero Energy Home?
A zero energy home is a home with zero net energy consumption and zero carbon
emissions annually. Zero energy homes can be independent from the energy grid supply. Energy
can be absorbed on-site—through energy producing technologies like Solar and Wind—while
reducing the overall use of energy with extremely efficient HVAC and Lighting technologies.
Customer Requirements
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Design Zero Energy Home in Pennsylvania
Design home to work ideally in the Commonwealth
Meet the needs of a typical family of four
Made as sustainable as possible using green principles
Design the house to be aesthetically pleasing (Attractive Appearance)
Improve the health and welfare of community
Design a house with solar panels
Design a house quick payback
Needs Statements: Ranked in order of importance
Customer Statements/Requirements
Meet the needs of a typical family of four
Design a house that produces excess energy
Design a house with efficient appliances
Needs Statements
The home is built for a family of four with 3
bedrooms, and 2 bathrooms.
The house produces more energy, than is
required to power the house.
Improve the health and welfare of community
The house is economically designed to use
energy star appliances
The house is built to be eco-friendly
Design the house to be aesthetically pleasing
(Attractive Appearance)
The house is a modern design, in a desirable
location
Design a house with solar panels
Made as sustainable as possible using green
principles
The house is solar powered
The house is built with green principles
Design Zero Energy Home in Pennsylvania
The house is built in Pennsylvania
Design home to work ideally in the
Commonwealth
The house is built to withstand Northeast US
elements
Design a house to accommodate an electric car
The house is designed to accommodate an
electric car.
To Do Chart: Time Line of Project
2-Jul
9-Jul
16-Jul
23-Jul
30-Jul
6-Aug
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Tasks
Analysis of Customer Needs
Customer Requirements
Selecting City/Location
Background Information on City/Area
Renewable Energy Source Survey
Other Surveys
Research of ZEH
Needs Statements
Review
Establish Target Specifications
Product Spec Metrics & Matrix
Set target specifications
Benchmarking
a. Existing structures
b. Existing renewable energy sources
Develop a cost model
Review
Concept Generation
Clarify the problem
Develop a functional diagram
External search
a. Literature Review
b. Patent Search
Brainstorming
Review
Concept Selection (Iterate as required)
Concept screening
Prepare the selection matrix
Rate the concepts
Rank the concepts
Combine and improve the concepts
Select one or more concepts
Review
Concept scoring
Prepare the selection matrix
Rate the concepts
Rank the concepts
Combine and improve the concepts
Select one or more concepts
Review
Establish Final Specifications
Maintenance Reqiurements
Examination of Manufacturing Processes
Update final specifications
Review
Design and build
Detail Design
Prototype Construction (CAD/ physical)
Review
Report Reparation
Abstract
Introduction
Mission Statement
Customer Needs Analysis
External Research
Concept Generation
Concept Selection
Design
Conclusions
References
Presentation
Prepare the presentation
Present
Milestones
Owner(s) % compl
Mr. T
BettyJo
100
JimBob
60
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Selected Location:
We chose Erie, Pennsylvania because we wanted to be able to build a house on
the shores of Lake Erie where would have the potential to use solar, wind, and
water power. Its close location to the lake insures a nice off shore breeze and
access to water.
Erie
City
Pennsylvania
State
County
Erie County
Background Information on Selected City
Weather
Average Temperature Range (°F)
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January March
o 21°- 44°
o February is Coldest month
April May
o 38°-67°
June August
o 59°-80°
o July is Warmest Month
September October
o 72°-45°
o September is rainiest month
November December
o 50°-27°
Highest Temperature: 100°F
Lowest Temperature: -18°F
Average Precipitation (in): 2.95-4.61in per month
Average Days of Sun: 160 days a year
Average Wind Speed: 11mph
Notes about City
Population: 104,875 People in Erie Metropolitan Area
Average Home Cost: $77,900
Cost of Living: 22.8% lower than US average
Cost of Electricity: $6.97 kW/h
Cost of Water: $2.18 CCF
Cost of Sewage: $2.00 CCF
Schools: $5,176 per student (US average is $5678). 15.8 students per teacher
Unemployment Rate: 8.90%
Average Commuter Time: 19 minutes
Crime Rate: 5/10 on scale
Renewable Energy Survey
1.
2.
TEAM PENDAFLEX: ZEH RESEARCH
Location (city,
state)
House size (floor
area in square
feet)
Number of floors
URL of web site
where info is
found
Number of
occupants
Number of
bedrooms
Type of heating
system (forced air,
hydronic, radiant
floor, heat pump,
etc.
Main heating fuel
(electricity, natural
gas, wood, oil,
etc.)
Size of
photovoltaic
system (kilowatts)
Solar water heater
(yes or no)
R-value of wall
insulation
R-value of ceiling
insulation
Ventilation air
heat recovery (yes
or no)
Predicted or
measured annual
energy use
Any other
pertinent info
Turners Falls, Massachusetts
1,152 sq ft
1
http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/SolarHomes/MAZeroEnergy/MAZeroEnergy.htm
Single Family 2-6
3
Fujitsu 9RLQ mini-split air source heat pump (SEER 21, HSPF 11) is certified to
provide high-efficiency electric heating down to 5°F outside air temperature. The
heat pump can also be run as a summer air conditioner and de-humidifier.
Sunmate Hot Air Solar Panel adds 19,000 btu (5.56 kw) on a sunny day. The house has
sufficient thermal mass to absorb this without overheating
Electricity
4.94
no
R=42
R=100
yes
Energy Used: 1949 KWH
Energy Produced: 4892 KWH
Approximate construction costs, not including land: $180,000
Location (city,
state)
House size (floor
area in square
feet)
Number of floors
URL of web site
where info is
found
Number of
occupants
Number of
bedrooms
Type of heating
system (forced air,
hydronic, radiant
floor, heat pump,
etc.
Main heating fuel
(electricity, natural
gas, wood, oil,
etc.)
Size of
photovoltaic
system (kilowatts)
Solar water heater
(yes or no)
R-value of wall
insulation
R-value of ceiling
insulation
Ventilation air
heat recovery (yes
or no)
Predicted or
measured annual
energy use
Portland, Maine
Any other
pertinent info
$120-130 per sq ft
?
4
http://www.jetsongreen.com/2011/11/net-zero-multifamily-cumberlandportland.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3yu-RfYr6Y&feature=youtu.be
Multi Family
3-Units
Heat pump
Electricity, gas, and oil
30 photovoltaic solar panels
yes
R=43
R=60+
yes
3,600 kWh of electricity in 1,500 hours, which covered heat, hot water, and
appliances over the same period, leaving an administrative fee of $8.53 per
month.
Location (city, state)
House size (floor area in square feet)
Number of floors
URL of web site where info is found
Number of occupants
Number of bedrooms
Type of heating system (forced air, hydronic,
radiant floor, heat pump, etc.
Main heating fuel (electricity, natural gas,
wood, oil, etc.)
Size of photovoltaic system (kilowatts)
Solar water heater (yes or no)
R-value of wall insulation
R-value of ceiling insulation
Ventilation air heat recovery (yes or no)
Predicted or measured annual energy use
Boulder, Colorado
3 (basement)
http://www.greenbuilding.com/zero-energyhomes/case-study-net-zero-energy-home-bouldercolorado
10kW grid tied system
Gray water system
(insulated concrete forms) (engineered lumber
studs)(2” of icynene spray foam and 3” cellulose)
(exterior one inch ridge foam insulation)
Any other pertinent info
4 ft overhangs combat excessive heat gain
Windows for natural air flow
2” thick kalwall nanogel skylight
Interior stone wall to absorb and release heat
Location (city, state)
House size (floor area in square feet)
Number of floors
URL of web site where info is found
Somerville, Massachusetts
2,966ft
Number of occupants
Number of bedrooms
Type of heating system (forced air, hydronic,
radiant floor, heat pump, etc.
Main heating fuel (electricity, natural gas,
wood, oil, etc.)
Size of photovoltaic system (kilowatts)
Solar water heater (yes or no)
R-value of wall insulation
R-value of ceiling insulation
Ventilation air heat recovery (yes or no)
Predicted or measured annual energy use
Any other pertinent info
http://www.greenbuilding.com/zero-energyhomes/case-study-retrofit-somerville-mass
2 to 4 suggested
High-efficiency condensing gas boiler with indirect
hot water storage tank
5.25kW
Three flat-plate solar hot-water collectors
60
18,000 btu
Energy efficient applications and lighting fixtures
Tracking down phantom electrical loads
Insulated attic
Example of geothermal home:
Here are the features that DID get into the final design:
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Predominantly single level, but w ith small "high" area retreat.
Combined Living room and Kitchen area.
Passive solar configuration w ith South facing windows, wide overhanging eaves and Solar Slab.
Significant Earth Sheltering.
Geothermal Heating and Cooling.
Balanced Ventilation w ith Energy Recovery (ERV).
Radiant hydronic (water tubes) heating in slab
Here are some things that did NOT get into the final design.
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Green "Earth" roof. (not my goal in the first place)
Chilled w ater dehumidification
Radiant cooling
The low er level of the house encloses 2000 ft 2 (190 m2) of living space and 500 ft2t (47 m2) of garage, utility and storage
space.
The upper level encloses 250 ft2 (24 m2) of space. 92 ft2 (9 m2) of this is open to the low er level. (Click the floor plan
above).
The low er level has 106 ft (32 m) of w alls w hich are below grade and 104 ft (31 m) of exposed w all. The upper level has
64 ft (20 m) of exposed walls.
The floor for the low er level is a 6" (18 cm) concrete slab (thermal slab) w ith a total mass of 175,000 lbs (79,500 Kg)
Geothermal Information and Charts
The design and installation of geothermal systems are not do it yourself projects and therefore
require the services of a professional. In addition, the integration of geothermal exchange systems
with other systems in a home requires special expertise. Geothermal heating system price varies
depending on the type of loop system, usually either vertical or horizontal. On average, a typical
home of 2500 square feet, with a heating load of 60,000 BTU and a cooling load of 60,000 BTU will
cost between $20,000 to $25,000 to install. This is around double the cost of a conventional heating,
cooling, and hot water system, but geothermal heating/cooling systems can reduce utility bills
by 40% to 60%.
The payback for a system can range from 2-10 years, while the lifetime of a system can be 18-23
years, almost double a conventional system. Additionally renewable energy systems add value to
the equity of your home. There are US tax rebates for energy efficiency improvements, including a
30% federal tax credit, and many state and utility companies offer incentives. Visit the Database for
State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency atwww.dsireusa.org to find incentives in your area.
Because of the upfront cost for installing geothermal heat pump systems, it is very common to finance these
systems. Monthly payments for financing a geothermal system are very reasonable and can actually save a
homeowner money as soon as the system is installed. Two examples of financing are listed below. For more
information, including information on incentives and integrated systems cost, visit our web page on System Pricing.
Example 1
Project Cost: $25,000
Rebate / Down Payment: $5,000
Amount Financed: $20,000
Interest Rate: 7.99%
Term: 240 Months
Payment: $166.00
Example 2
Project Cost: $15,000
Rebate / Down Payment: $0
Amount Financed: $15,000
Interest Rate: 8.99%
Term: 180 Months
Payment: $142.50
GEOTHERMAL HEATING COOLING AND HOT WATER
Everest
Cascade
A pplications Ultimate
Rainier
Sierra
Denali
Hydronic. Add Luxury. 3 - in- Upscale. G reat Economy.G ood
Perf ormance:E xc eptional on to other
1 s ys tem.
c hoic e for
c hoic e for a
c omfort and unmatc hed
units for high
Forc ed air
exc ellent
bas ic unit.
performanc e
volume hot
heating and
performanc e
water us e.
c ooling with
G reat for
radiant floor
radiant floors ,
c apability
pools , s pas.
Sizes
Ef f iciency
2 thru 6 ton - s ingle
1 .5 thru 5 ton
3 thru 6 ton
.7 5 thru 6 ton
1 thru 5 ton
s peed
(4 s izes )
(4 s izes )
(1 0 s izes)
vertic al
(7 s izes )
(9 s izes )
2 thru 6 ton - dual
.7 5 - 6 ton
c apac ity
horizontal
(5 s izes )
(1 1 s izes)
3 .7 - 4 .3 C O P
2 .8 - 3 .3 C O P
3 .5 - 4 .2 C O P
3 .3 - 3 .8 C O P
3 .1 - 3 .6 C O P
1 8 - 2 3 E E R (s ingle-
1 0 .7 - 1 3 .5
1 5 .0 - 2 3 .7
1 4 .7 - 1 8 .0
1 2 .1 - 1 6 .2 EER
s peed)
EER
EER
EER
R- 4 1 0A
R- 4 1 0A
R- 2 2
3 .8 - 5 .0 C O P
1 6 .5 - 3 0 E ER (duals peed)
Ref rigerant
R- 4 1 0A
R- 2 2
Compressor
C opeland Scroll
C opeland
C opeland
T ec umseh
T ec umseh
Sc roll
Sc roll
Rotary
Rotary
(s ingle s peed)
(dual c apac ity) (.7 5 - 1 ton
s ingle s peed)
(.7 5 - 1 .5 ton
s ingle s peed
vertic al)
C opeland Scroll (1 .5 ton s ingle
(1 .5 - 6 ton
s peed
s ingle s peed)
horizontal).
Bris tol or
T ec umseh
Rec iprocating
(A ll other s izes,
s ingle s peed)
Blower
E C M variable s peed
N ot A pplicable E C M variable
O ptional P SC s ingle
Cabinet
s peed
E C M variable
P SC s ingle
s peed
s peed
s peed(except in dual
O ptional P SC
c apac ity units)
s ingle s peed
V ertical top flow V ertical
V ertical top
V ertical top
V ertical
bottom flow
C ompac t unit
flow
flow
multipos ition
H orizontal end or s ide
L eft & Right
H orizontal end
top flow
dis c harge
return
or s ide
H orizontal s ide
dis c harge
or end
A ll left or right
dis c harge
A ll left or right return
return
L eft or right
return
Stages
3 H eat* , 2 C ool
1 H eat, 1 C ool 3 H eat* , 2
3 H eat* , 2 C ool 2 H eat* , 1 C ool
C ool
Control
M ic roprocessor
M ic roprocessor M ic roprocessor M ic roprocessor E lec tro-
Fault & s tatus lights
M ode, s tatus & Fault & s tatus
Fault & s tatus
mec hanical
O nboard diagnostics
fault lights
lights
lights
with C C M
O nboard
O nboard
diagnos tics
diagnos tics
Fault retry
Fault retry
Fault retry
A ir Coil
Y es
N ot A pplicable Y es
Y es
(Coated)
Y es
(vertic al 1 .5 - 5
ton only)
Desuper-
O ptional
O ptional
O ptional
heater
I nternal mount pump
I nternal mount E xternal
I nternal mount vertic al only
pump
pump
mount pump
O ptional
N ot available
O ptional in
E xternal mount
pump
on 1 .5 & 2 .5
ton
A uxillary
O ptional
Heat
I nternal mount on vertic al
N ot A pplicable O ptional
O ptional
O ptional
I nternal
I nternal mount E xternal mount
mount
on vertic al
Zone
O ptional
N ot A pplicable O ptional
O ptional
O ptional
ENERGY
Y es
N ot A pplicable Y es
Y es
Y es
STA R
A ll s izes
A ll s izes
V ertical 1 .5 ton
Control
A ll s izes
Rating
and H orizontal
1 .5 - 2 ton
only.
The Rainier geothermal hybrid series combines the best of both
worlds: forced air and hydronic capability.
Brochure
Download a brochure for the geothermal hybridRainier series.
You no longer have to purchase a dedicated hot-water unit for radiant
heat, a furnace for the rest of the house, and an air conditioner to
cool in the summer.
The geothermal hybrid Rainier does it all in one convenient
package, using environmentally friendly R410A refrigerant, dual
capacity scroll compressors, and the unmatched energy efficiency of
geothermal technology.
RADIANT HEAT SLAB
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Super Fast, Easy Installation: There is no faster way to install insulation, vapor barrier, and
radiant pipe. Panels interlock, so there is no taping, tying, flattening, or stapling to do. Lay down
the panels, step in the tubing, and you're done.
Real Insulation: No hocus-pocus, smokescreens or hand waving. The panels are either 1" EPS
or 2" EPS foam, R6 or R10 respectively.
No Offgassing: EPS is a foam that does not offgas and has no CFCs or HCFCs. So it's better for
you and the environment than many other foams, and it will retain its R-value over time very well,
even when wet.
Strong Hold: Crete-Heat's knobs slightly "mushroom" to accept pipe, which holds the pipe
securely in place.
Economical: If you total up the price of wire mesh or foam staples, fasteners, tape, equivalent
insulation, and a vapor barrier, you'll begin to see the true value Crete-Heat brings.
NRT recommends 3" panels be used for most slabs in heated spaces, though it may be more expensive
to get them in areas outside of the northeast or west coast around Nevada, so 2" is a common choice.
Some geographic areas or extremely large slabs may be able to use less for all or a portion of the slab
area. 1" panels are typically for thin pours over subfloors that cannot accommodate insulation of greater
thicknesses, such as 2nd floor timberframe homes.
$95.70
Crete-Heat R-14, 3 in, 25 Psi, 48 sq. ft.
Crete-Heat
... more info
Contact Us for Firm Quote
$107.42
Crete-Heat R-10, 2 in, 25 Psi, 64 sq. ft.
Crete-Heat
... more info
Contact Us for Firm Quote
$142.34
Crete-Heat R-6, 1 in, 25 Psi, 96 sq. ft.
Crete-Heat
... more info
Contact Us for Firm Quote
Polycarbonate green house:
Brand
Made in
America
16mm
triplewall
48" or 72"
wide
light
R
transmission value
74%
2.500
Price
per
square
foot
$2.30
Accessories
Available
Ships
from
one part polycarbonate H in 12'
or 24'
polycarbonate U in 12'
polycarbonate F profile for
flashing in 12' or 24'
Midwest
R Profile –12' or 24' - Used to
create ridges, corner or angles
adjusts from 0 to 90 degrees
vent tape, solid tape, washers
get a
quote
for this
product
ZEH Benchmarking: PREVIOUS STRUCTURES/RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES
Clarifying Benchmarking:
1. Evaluate or check(something) by comparison with a standard
2. Evaluate of check against the competition
Zero Energy Structures:
www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39678.pdf
July 2006: Project for Habitat for Humanity
“A Cold-Climate Case Study for Affordable Zero Energy Homes”
U.S. Department of Energy’s Building America Programs
House: Denver, Colorado: Cold Climate
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1,200 sqft.
o 26’ by 46’ design
o Crawl space
3 bedroom
o Envelop efficiency, efficient equipment, appliances, lighting, passive and active
solar features, superinsulation.
Walls:
o Double Walls
 Double stud wall with fiberglass batt construction
 Low cost
 2x4 structural stud wall on 16” centers
 R13 fiberglass batt cavities
o Second Wall
 3.5” inside first
 2x4 wall studs with 24” centers
o Exterior
 Out vapor permeable house wrap
 Fiber-cement siding: R40
 Inner poly vapor barrio drywall
Attic
o 2ft. blown-in fiber glass insulation
o Top thermal envelop R60
Floors
o R30
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Windows
o Double glazed
o Low emissivity: U-value 30BTU
o High solar heat gain coefficient SH6c=.58 glass
ERV ventilation system
Heating
o Active solar thermal radiant floor
o Ground cooled heat pump
o Point source natural gas furnace
o Electric resistant baseboard
www.fas.org/programs/energy/btech/policy/Benchmarking%20standards%20and%model5codes.
pdf
BENCHMARKING STANDARDS, MODEL CODES, CODE & VOLUNTRAY
GUIDELINE ON HERS INDEX
HERS(Home Energy Rating System) Scale:
Average Home before 2006 – 130
Average Newly Made Home – 100
Net-Energy Home – 0
Home that makes more energy than uses - -10
www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-CR-1793-09.pdf
PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NEAR ZERO ENERGY HOME
Summary of Home:
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1371 sqft.
3 bedroom 2.5 bathroom
Occupants: 1 adult
Walls: 2x6” with batt insulation R=19hrft F/btu
Ceiling/roof: gal-volume metal seem roof solar absorption = .5
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o Attic with foam spray R=19hrft F/btu
Floor: vented crawl space floor with cell spray foam insulation R=11hr/btu
Windows: 148 sqft. / 10.8% glazed low-e low SHGC U= .38btu/hr sqft F SHGC
= .25
Water Heating: 50gal water heat – electric
o Desuper heater from geothermal heat pump
Space heating: closed loop geothermal heat pump
Design heating load: 15,000 btu/hr
Design cooling load: 12,000 btu/hr
Energy Star appliances
HERS Index: 26
Benchmark savings 69.1%
ZERO ENERGY HOMES:
Energy use= 5,255kwH typical town house used 13,989kwH
BREAK DOWN
Hot water: 514
Fans: 489
Misc Equip: 2474
Pumps: 417
Heating: 971 Lights 300 r-38walls
r-60ceiling
Double pain windows U-30
External Search;
Literature Review:
A literature review of Zero Energy
Buildings (ZEB) definitions.
Anna Joanna Marszal
Per Heiselberg
This was a review of zero energy principles and qualifications of what makes zero energy
buildings. It helped us to become even more familiar with what a zero energy home is, and what
aspects we need to take a closer look at.
http://ene.aalto.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/uutiset/literature_review_ajm-ph.pdf
FROM LOW-ENERGY TO NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS:
STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES
Karsten Voss1 , Eike Musall,1 and Markus Lichtmeß2
This piece of literature we found was about net zero buildings and low-energy
buildings. It described the differences between the two, which helped us to
improve ours to make sure it was in fact zero energy. It also gave examples of
what helped to improve specific buildings.
http://www.iea-shc.org/publications/downloads/a06_Voss.pdf
External Search Cont.
Patent Search;
HIGH EFFICIENCY BUILDING SYSTEM WITH REDUCED
COSTS AND INCREASED THERMAL PERFORMANCE
A system for constructing wood framed homes reduces the materials and labor costs for home
construction while improving the thermal efficiency of the home. Conventional home design,
layout and appearance are maintained.
Inventor: Guy M. Haskell
Current U.S. Classification: 52/204.2; 52/220.1; 52/653.1
Claims
1. A wood framed home comprising:
exterior walls having lengths which are in two foot increments;
exterior wall top plates and bottom plates having a width of 5.5 inches or greater; and
exterior corners having only two studs.
2. The home of claim 1, wherein the exterior walls are framed with 2×6 studs on 24 inch
centers.
3. The home of claim 2, wherein the door and window headers are either 46.5 inches or
70.5 inches long.
4. The home of claim 1, wherein the exterior walls are framed with 2×4 studs on 12 inch
centers with a 2×6 or larger top plate and bottom plate, and wherein every other common
stud is disposed at the outer edge of the top plate and bottom plate and the remaining
common studs are disposed at the inner edge of the top plate and bottom plate.
5. The home of claim 1, wherein all electrical lines disposed in exterior walls is oriented
vertically along a stud.
6. The home of claim 1, wherein no plumbing pipes are disposed in exterior walls.
7. The home of claim 1, wherein the walls have a single top plate.
8. The home of claim 1, wherein there are no additional studs placed in exterior walls at
perpendicular joints with interior walls.
9. The home of claim 1, wherein the door and window headers are formed as a box
having insulation therein.
3
4
1
Home is built in
Pa
2
House is ideal
for NE US
climate
House is built
for family of 4
Improves the
health and
welfare of
community
7
8
9
10
House is
Aesthetically
Pleasing
The house
produces excess
energy
The house
accommodates
an electric car
X
SINGLE CAR GARAGE
GREEN HOUSE
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM
ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES
SMALL SQUARE FOOTAGE
RADIANT HEAT SLAB
WIND TURBINE
FIRE PLACE
SOLAR POWER
FORCED AIR SYSTEM
HIGH R-VALUES INSULATION
CEILING FAN DISTRIBUTION
PLANT ROOF INSULATION
ALINING APLLIANCE FOR EASY WATER
FLOW
HEAVY CURTAINS FOR CONTROL
DARK WALLS FOR ABSORBER
GRANITE FLOOR ABSORBER
WINDOWS ON NORTH AND SOUTH
FOR CORSS BREEZE
OPEN DESIGN FOR AIR FLOW
PRODUCES MORE ENERGY THEN USES
1
X
THREE BEDROMS
Located in Erie, Pa
Need
Metric
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
5
Built with green
principles
X
6
The house is
solar powered
House is energy
efficient
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
CLARIFYING THE
PROBLEM
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS
Concept Screening: Group Voting
IDEAS
Green House
biomass
water power
wind turbine
pv-system
geothermal
led lights
energy star appliances
lake front windows
cross draft windows
concrete slab/radiant slab
reflective roof color
plant roof garden
two story
one story
forced air
solar power
airflow
nuclear power
concrete walls
SCORE
II
I
II
II
III
III
IIII
IIII
III
III
II
I
I
III
I
III
III
II
I
II
Our group got together and took
the ideas we came up with while
brainstorming and compiled them
into a list and then voted on what
ideas to keep. After narrowing
them down we used a selection
matrix to logically choose our
ideas.
CONCEPT SCORING
SELECTION CRITERIA
suits family of four
efficient
safe
aesthetically pleasing
sustainability
cost
maintenanace
reliability
sum of +
sum of 0
sum of net score
rank
continue?
CONCEPTS
HEAT/ENERGY CONCEPTS
GEOTHERMAL
+
+
+
0
+
0
0
+
5
3
0
5
1
combine
SOLAR
0
0
+
+
+
+
0
4
3
1
3
2
WIND
0
+
+
0
0
0
2
4
2
0
3
no
yes
DISTRIBUTION CONCEPTS
WATER FORCED AIR AIR FLOW CONCRET WALLS
+
0
+
0
+
0
0
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
*
*
*
0
0
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
4
4
4
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
0
3
3
0
3
1
1
2
no
combine
no
Predicted Cost Model
Project Price: <$300,000
Aspect : Based on Average Family of Four
Cost
Land in Erie
$0.23 per square feet
Average 1,500^2ft house
$90,000-150,000
Geothermal Pump
$4000-8000
Geothermal System (ducts, pump,
$135,000
etc)
Radiant Floor
$95 per 48ft2
Water Usage
$4/Kgal
Sewage
$6/Kgal
Water Heater
$2000-2800
Energy Used By Electric Car (Chevy
$6.62
Volt)(full charge from empty)
Solar Pannels/Solar Kit ($)
20,000
Appliances:
~
Refridgerator
$690-989
Freezer
$255
Microwave
$200-900
Oven
$400
Washer
$1,300
Dryer
$400
Dishwasher
$637-874
Shower (2)
$25 (each)
360v
Toilettes (3)
$188
Sinks (4)
$163
FloWise RH
EL
Complete
3378.128
Portsmout
h
7420.201
All the figures are based on the average family of four
Specs.
~
ESCM071EC
331620
AED4675YQ
EFS-553
OUR FINAL PRODUCT
FULLY ASSEMBLED HOUSE
ROOF
GREEN HOUSE ROOF
UPSTAIRS & GREEN HOUSE
UNFINISHED BASEMENT
MAIN FLOOR & GARAGE
PHYSICAL MODEL:
MODEL
BASEMENT
MODEL FIRST
FLOOR
MODEL TOP
LEVEL
Features of Zero Energy Home:
A closer look at our zero energy house
House Specifications:
Our house had a fifteen hundred square foot layout with windows for
passive solar heating and allowing a cross breeze to cool the house
through the windows on both sides of the home. There will be ceiling
fans and blinds to help control the heat in the house; as well as, slat
floors to help absorb the heat from the sun shining in.
Square Footage (ft2)
Aperture (ft2)
Thermal Mass (ft2)
Control
Window Size
(ft)(length*width)
3*5
Upstairs
4*5
7*6
4*6
Downstairs
6*5
2*6.67
5*3
3*5
1st Floor
925
147
294
2nd Floor
575
70
140
Ceiling fans/blinds
# of windows
Direction Facing
2
2
2
1
South
South
North
north
4
2
2
2
South
South
West
east
Frame
0.45 Non-metal
0.15
16"-18"
Cellulose or High-density fiberglass batts
R-60+
10"-12"
2x6 frame
R-40+
1" foam
Important part of a
zero energy house is
making sure it is
insulated enough to
maintain the internal
house temperature.
We chose thick walls
with high insulation
to maintain heat in
the cold winter, as
well as the best
insulated ceiling and
windows.
Windows
Type
Brand
Triple-Glazed, Medium-solar-gain Low-E glass, Argon/Krypton Gas Accurate Dorwin
Product Line
U-Value
Picture - Tri - 2 TiAC40 Low-E coatings
Transmitted Solar Heat
Visible Light Transmitted
0.28
Exterior Walls
Thickness
Materials
R-Value
R22 Batt
Ceiling
Thickness
Materials
R-Value
R-Values; BTU:
Appliances:
For our appliances we look at all of the zero energy appliances available
for homes and chose the best ones out of the ones we found. We chose
the appliances that seemed to be the most efficient while using the
lowest amount of energy.
Appliance Selection Model http://www.ajmadison.com/cgi-bin/ajmadison/LTC22350WH.html
FOR ENERGY STAR CAPABLE APPLIANCES
Appliance
Brand
Model
Volume (ft3) kWh/year Price ($)
Energy Star
Refridgerator/Freezer
GE
GSHS6HGDSS
25.9
583
1,169 yes
Maytag
MBF1953YEW
18.5
448
944 yes
LG Electronics LTC22350WH
22.1
424
764 yes
GE
GTH21KBXBB
21
415
899 yes
Appliance
Brand
Model
Size (in)
kWh/year Price ($)
Energy Star
Ceiling fans
Millbridge
154237
52
169 yes
Charleston
10031
52
119 yes
Ardmore
10040
52
149 yes
Ardmore
10038
52
149 yes
Dishwasher
Brand
Model
Volume (ft3) kWh/year Price ($)
Energy Star
Maytag
MDB6769PAB
9.5
294
449 yes
GE
GLD2800VWW
10
275
349 yes
Ge
GDWF100VBB
9.5
275
493 yes
Maytag
MDBH949AWQ
9.5
302
359 yes
Washer
Brand
Maytag
LG
Electrolux GE
Model
MHW7000Xg LSWF388H EWFLS70** PTWN805#M#**
C
ft3
4.3
4.17
4.42
4.43
M+E
kWh/yr
114
108
118
263
MEF
ft3/kwh/c
3.3
2.99
3.29
2.21
Fed MEF
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.26
%Better
162
137
161
75
WF
2.7
3.4
2.8
4.5
n
cycle/yr
416
416
392
417
M+E+D
kWh/yr
542
580
527
836
D
kWh/yr
428
472
409
573
Q
gal/yr
4963
5898
4851
8313
E
$/kwh
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
W
$/kgal
4
4
4
4
S
$/kgal
6
6
6
6
EE
$/yr
49
53
48
77
ME
$/yr
19
24
19
33
SE
$/yr
29
35
29
49.88
First Cost.A
$
1079.1
1331.34
1599
980
First Cost. B
$
980
980
980
980
Operating Costs B
$/yr
160
160
160
160
Operating Costs A
$/yr
97
112
97
160
Payback
years
1.6
7.3
9.8
---
Energy Efficiency Rate
tier 1
tier 1
tier 1
not rated
Lights
Airflow (CFM)
yes
5380
5650
yes
5650
yes
5650
Volts
120
120
120
120
Brand
Jinko
Southwest Windpower
Required Area for 1 Unit
18ft^2
9ft Turbine
Cost/Unit
Appliance
Solar Panel
Wind Turbine
Appliance
Solar Panel
Wind Turbine
Appliance
Solar Panel
Wind Turbine
Sewage
Water and Sewage Estimated Use Kgal/year
1095h per bulb
3000 hr heat 3000 cooling
109.5
109.5
365
416
1825
$640
$3,500
Brand
GE
GE
Maytag
Ardmore
EcoSmart
Eagle Mountain
Hours of use or cycles/year
8760h
Cost/System
415
275
114
1
1
1
Sewage cost/year
$292.37
$611.01
$0.07
$0.07
$0.07
$0.07
$0.07
$0.07
27,527.82
2400
Total KWh: 29,927.82KWh/year
KWh/year
20
1
Energy Consumption/year KWh/year Cost/KWh
415
301
542
182.5
208.05
27549
Total Energy Consumption: 29197.55
Water Cost/Year
Total
$318.65
Energy Potential/Power
265W
2400KWh/year
Energy Produced
11 2915W
1 1000W @26mph
Total Power: 3915W
$2.67
$2.91
$7,040
$3,500
Model #
JKM-265M(R165)
Whisper 200
# of Units
Cost/Kgal/year
Cost/Kgal
# of Appliances
10040 5 (13W bulb)
9.5W
9.17 heat .013 Cool KW
ECO-575L
QT049
KWh/year
Model #
GTH21KBXBB
GLD2800VWW
MHW7000Xg
After finding the
appliance we
calculated their
cost and the
amount of
energy the house
uses for the year
in order to make
sure we were
producing all the
energy we need
for the year. We
based our
calculations off
the amounts an
average family of
four would use in
a year.
Appliance
Fridge/Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Ceiling Fan
Lights
Geothermal System
Appliance
Fridge/Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Ceiling Fan
Lights
Geothermal System
$28.93
$21.07
$37.78
$12.78
$14.56
$1,928.00
Total Cost: $2,043.11
Cost/year
Appliance
Cost and
Energy
Usage:
Polycarbonate green house: Our house has green house that sitting on
the roof of the first floor and is connected to the second story. It is there for the
home owners to enjoy the sun all year round. They can also start their own
garden in it. It can be used to absorb heat but it connected to a fully insulated
wall so to not let in cold in the winter months.
Brand
Made in
America
16mm
triplewall
48" or 72"
wide
light
R
transmission value
74%
2.500
Price
per
square
foot
$2.30
Accessories
Available
Ships
from
get a
quote
for this
product
one part polycarbonate H in 12'
or 24'
polycarbonate U in 12'
polycarbonate F profile for
flashing in 12' or 24'
Midwest
R Profile –12' or 24' - Used to
create ridges, corner or angles
adjusts from 0 to 90 degrees
vent tape, solid tape, washers
Our Final Specs; Project in a nutshell: For viewing convenience we
compiled our house features into one final list of specifications and features.
Metric
Number of Bedrooms
Number of Bathrroms
Total Area of House
Number of Stories
Area of Windows
Number of Windows
Area of Green House
Area of Garage
Area of Slab
R-Value of Walls
R-Value of Ceiling
U-Value of Windows
Annual Cost of Geothermal System
Annual Cost of Water and Sewage
Power Produced by Alternative Energy Sources
Power Used by House
Value
3
2.5
1500ft^2
2
384.68ft^2
17
300ft^2
200ft^2
925ft^2
R-40
R-60
0.15
$1,928.00
$611.00
29,930KWh/year
29,198 KWh/year
Features of Zero Energy House
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
R-40 walls
U- windows: .15
R-60 ceiling
Radiant floor slab
Geothermal hybrid system
a. Heating/cooling
b. Hot water
Forced air
Energy star appliances
a. Ceiling fans
b. Washer
c. Dryer
d. Dishwasher
e. Refrigerator/freezer
LED lighting
Solar panels #: 11
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
a. Size: 198ft2
North & south windows
Green house
a. Home garden capabilities
b. Heat
2 foot overhang
2 story house
Basement
3 bedrooms
2.5 bathrooms
Garage
Location: Erie, PA
1500ft2
Supports family of four
Wind turbines
Conclusion:
In our EDSGN 100 we started the year off by learning about the harmful effects
humans have on our world. How our waste is destroying the planet we live on. So
our professor, Wallace Catanach, challenged us. He asked us to start a project to
create a home that wouldn’t harm the environment and that ran on natural
energies, like the sun and wind. For this project our team worked together to
create a zero energy house that followed modern green energy principals. We
successfully design a home that will sustain itself all year round using natural
energies. Through this experience we learned how to work together as a team
using the design process to make a functional zero energy house and how we can
one day help clean up the world and make it a better place.
Sources:
Location sources:
http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0509
http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Pennsylvania/annual-days-of-sunshine.php
http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/avgwind.html
http://www.bestplaces.net/city/pennsylvania/erie
Survey sources:
http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/02/pike-20110207.html
http://www.publicagenda.org/pages/energy2009-charts
Research Sources:
http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/SolarHomes/MAZeroEnergy/MAZeroEnergy.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3yu-RfYr6Y&feature=youtu.be
http://www.greenbuilding.com/zero-energy-homes/case-study-net-zero-energy-homeboulder-colorado
http://www.greenbuilding.com/zero-energy-homes/case-study-retrofit-somerville-mass
http://www.jetsongreen.com/2011/11/net-zero-multifamily-cumberland-portland.html
http://www.ourcoolhouse.com/final.htm
http://geoheat.oit.edu/pdf/tp88.pdf
http://greenlifesmartlife.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/day-4-of-geothermal-what-does-a-geothermalsystem-cost/
http://www.energyhomes.org/renewable%20technology/geoinstallation.html
http://store.nrtradiant.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=8&zenid=c60o6huusc9p4tjoeftirpu1a1
http://extension.umd.edu/publications/pdfs/fs645.pdf
http://www.arcadiaglasshouse.com/Greenhouses/GreenhouseKits.asp
http://www.advancegreenhouses.com/Polycarbonate_Sheets_Twinwall_Multiwall_Corrugated.htm#Pol
ycarbonate_Sheet_PDFs
Benchmarking Sources:
www.dictionary.com
www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39678.pdf
www.fas.org/programs/energy/btech/policy/Benchmarking%20standards%20and%model5codes.pdf
www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-CR-1793-09.pdf
www.ekosea.homes.org
www.z-home.org
External Search Sources:
http://ene.aalto.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/uutiset/literature_review_ajm-ph.pdf
http://www.ieashc.org/publications/downloads/a06_Voss.pdf
http://www.google.com/patents/US20110107693?printsec=description&dq=zero+energy+homes&ei=Z
wscUO-jN4fY6wHW1YGwDw#v=onepage&q=zero%20energy%20homes&f=false
Appliances and House Specs Sources:
http://www.eagle-mt.com/geomax/hybrid.php
http://www.ajmadison.com/cgi-bin/ajmadison/LTC22350WH.html
http://www.efficientwindows.org/selection.cfm
http://www.accuratedorwin.com/windows/picture
http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/energy-solutions/how-much-insulationneeded
http://www.windenergy.com/products/whisper/whisper-200
http://www.homedepot.com/Energy-Star/Electrical-Light-Bulbs-LED-Light-Bulbs/h_d1/Nbm79Z5yc1vZ1z141o3Z1z0xeui/R-202240932/h_d2/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10053&langId=1&storeId=10051#.UB2apkKhDzJ
http://ir.jinkosolar.com/zhen/en/pv.php?act=showRow&id=47