MoMAR-D Demonstration Mission Periodic Reports

Transcription

Project contract no. 036851
ESONET
European Seas Observatory Network
Instrument: Network of Excellence (NoE)
Thematic Priority: 1.1.6.3 – Climate Change and Ecosystems
Sub Priority: III – Global Change and Ecosystems
MoMAR-D Demonstration Mission
Periodic Reports
Start date of project: March 2007
Start date of the Demonstration Mission: February 2008
Duration: 48 months
Duration: 36 months
Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework
Programme (2002-2006)
Dissemination Level
PU Public
PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services
RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission
Services)
CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission
Services)
MOMAR Demonstration mission
2
3
CONTENT
1st Periodic Report………………………………………………………………………..5
2nd Periodic Report………………………………………………………………………11
3rd Periodic Report………………………………………………………………………33
Deliverable D.1 - Cruise proposal submission............................................................... 51
Deliverable D.2 - Report description of the operational system: interface specifications,
sensors, localisation ........................................................................................................ 147
4
5
ESONET Demonstration Missions
1st Periodic Activity Report
The Periodic Activity Report contains an overview of the activities carried out during
the reporting period, describes the progress in relation to the project objectives, the
progress towards the milestones and deliverables set for the period, and any
problems encountered and corrective actions taken.
This document has to be filled in with reference to the DM Implementation plan. This
means that Deliverables, Milestones and WPs have to be the same as in the DM
Implementation plan.
The Periodic Report contains 2 parts:
- Part I: it is addressed to the coordinator with minimum input from the partners
- Part II: it is addressed to each WP Leader and reports a detailed update of each
WP activity at task level.
The report includes a rough justification of the costs incurred and of the resources
deployed by each contractor linking them to activities implemented and justifying their
necessity.
Finally the report contains information on use and dissemination activities.
Reporting period:
30 September 2008
6
Part I (to be filled by the DM coordinator)
In January 2008, the MoMARSAT cruise proposal, core of the MoMAR-D project, was
submitted to the French Fleet Committee. After evaluation, the cruise has been prescheduled
for the summer 2010. The activity of the MoMAR-D DM was then postponed to cope with
this new schedule. The MoMAR-D project actually started in September 2008. This first
report does not contain the part II and only presents the updated schedule.
DM acronym:
MoMAR-D
DM title:
MoMAR-Demonstration
ESONET Site:
Azores- MoMAR, Lucky Strike hydrothermal field
Scientific Area(s):
SArea1 : physical oceanography processes
SArea2 : hydrothermal processes
SArea3 : biodiversity
Technological Area(s):
TArea1 : interoperability, data transmission, power supply
DM Start date:
September 2008
DM duration:
24
Period of the reporting
September 2008
Partner Institution
Num.
Name
1
DOP/UAÇ
PI
PI coordinates
A. Colaço
IMAR- Dept Oceanography and Fisheries-Univ of Azores,
[email protected]
Centro de Geofisica, Universidade de Lisboa,
[email protected]
Equipe de Géosciences Marines. Institut de Physique du Globe de
Paris. CNRS UMR 7154
[email protected]
Geochemistry Group National Oceanography Centre
[email protected]
LMTG - UMR 5563 UR 154 CNRS Université Paul-Sabatier IRD
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées [email protected]
UMR6538 "Domaines Oceaniques" U.Bretagne Occidentale-CNRS
IUEM [email protected]
University of Bremen/MARUM
[email protected]
University of Bremen Department 5, Geosciences Sea Technics /
Sensors
[email protected]
Ifremer Brest, DEEP/Laboratoire Environnement Profond
[email protected]
Océanopolis
[email protected]
2
FFCUL/CGUL M. Miranda
3
IPGP
M. Cannat
4
NOC
D. Connelly
5
CNRS - F
V. Chavagnac
CNRS - C
J. Goslin
Univ. Bremen
C. Waldmann and
6
M. Fabian
7
Ifremer
P.M. Sarradin
8
SOPAB
S. Ghiron
7
Associated partners
9
10
WP#
1
2
3
4
5
6
G. Reverdin
UPMCLOCEAN
Associé P# 3
CVARG
Gabriela Queiroz
Associé P#1
LOCEAN, Univ. Paris VI, boite 100,
[email protected]
Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos Universidade dos Açores [email protected]
WP/Activity name
Scientific experiments
Infrastructure of the observing system
Data management
Site management
Communication plan
Cruise
7
Management
Leader
M. Cannat (P#3)
J. Blandin (P#7)
T. Carval (P#7)
A. Colaço (P#1)
J. Sarrazin (P#7)
M. Cannat (P#3)
J. Blandin and P.M. Sarradin (P#7)
A. Colaço (P#1) & P.M. Sarradin (P#7)
Executive summary
The MoMAR (Monitoring the Mid Atlantic Ridge) initiative aims at providing
multidisciplinary time-series data set for hydrothermal systems in the Azores region of the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This coordinated plan aims at determining the feed-backs between
volcanism, deformation, seismicity, and hydrothermalism, and to understand how
hydrothermal ecosystems couple with these sub-surface processes, and how this affects
exchanges with the ocean.
Monitoring at Lucky Strike has started with the MoMARETO (ecology), GRAVILUCK
(geodesy), and BBMoMAR (sismology and MT) experiments and will be further
implemented in 2008 with the deployment of autonomous temperature probes at selected
vents. MoMARSAT will maintain and reinforce these experiments, with a stronger
participation of colleagues from other European countries. MoMARSAT is the cruise
proposal to implement the MoMAR-D project.
We will use the SEAMON technology developed during the ASSEM EC project, with two
nodes acoustically linked to a surface buoy that will ensure satellite communication to a land
base station. The system will comprise 2 scientific nodes: a geophysical node moored in the
Lucky Strike lava lake, and a geochemical/ecological node at the Eiffel Tower vent site. This
observatory infrastructure will acquire a synchronized multidisciplinary data set, and allow us
to develop solutions for sensor interoperability, shore-sensor interactive communication, data
management and dissemination, and public outreach.
MoMARSAT comprises two multidisciplinary ROV cruises, the first one is prescheduled in
2010 to deploy the acoustically-linked multidisciplinary observing system at the Lucky Strike
vent field and the second one in 2010 to recover it. The study area belongs to the Portuguese
ZEE and is part of a planned OSPAR “Marine Protected Area”.
Progress of the project
8
In January 2008, the MoMARSAT cruise proposal was submitted to the French Fleet
Committee. After evaluation, the cruise has been prescheduled for the summer 2010. The
activity of the MoMAR-D DM was then postponed to cope with this new schedule. The
MoMAR-D project actually started in September 2008. The first MoMAR-D plenary meeting
will be held in early 2009.
Table 1: Deliverables List
Deliverable Name
WP
Lead
contractor
Due
date
D1 Cruise proposal submission
WP6
01/08
D2 Report Description of the operational
system : interface specifications, sensors,
localisation
D3 Signed agreement Data management
policy
D4 Communication plan
WP2
M. Cannat
(P#3) J.
Blandin and
P.M.
Sarradin
(P#7)
J. Blandin
(P#7)
03/09
D5 On shore integration and test report
WP2
D6 Cruise preparation file
WP6
D7 Deployment of the system during the
cruise
WP6
D8 1 month data file
WP1WP3
D9 Report of dissemination activities
WP5
T. Carval
(P#7)
J. Sarrazin
(P#7)
J. Blandin
(P#7)
M. Cannat
(P#3) J.
Blandin and
P.M. Sarradin
(P#7)
M. Cannat
(P#3) J.
Blandin and
P.M. Sarradin
(P#7)
M. Cannat
(P#3) T.
Carval (P#7)
J. Sarrazin
(P#7)
WP3
WP5
03/09
03/09
12/09
03/10
08/10
09/10
10/10
Actual/
Forecast
delivery date
01/ 2008
9
Indicative staff effort per partners
P#
P#1
P#2
P#3
P#4
P#5
P#6
P#7
P#8
P#9
P#10
P#11
DOP/UAÇ
FFCUL/CGUL
IPGP
NOC
CNRS - F
CNRS - F
Univ. Bremen
Ifremer
SOPAB
UPMC-LOCEAN
CVARG
Total
Pt
Pt
Fr
UK
Fr
Fr
Ge
Fr
Fr
Fr
Pt
WP1
2
3
19
16.5
9.5
8
3
6
WP2
0.5
0.5
10
4
1
1
68
30.5
2
12.5
WP3
0.5
4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
9
WP4
2
0.5
2
0.5
WP5
2.5
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
1
0.5
1
6.5
0.5
7
WP6
3
2
10
3
2
2
2
15
0.5
1.5
WP7
1
41
2
1
Total
11
7
46
25
12
11
8
37
1
4
2
164
Table 2: Milestones List
Milestone
Milestone name
WP
M1
Submission of a cruise
proposal to the French
fleet
Data management policy
WP6
M2
M3
M4
On shore integration and
test report
Deployment of the system
20 days Cruise
Due
date
01/2008
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
01/2008
Lead
contractor
P#3 and
P#7
WP2,
WP3,
WP5
WP2
03/
2009
P#7
12/2009
P#7
WP6
08/2010
P#3 and P#7
10
11
MoMAR-D
©Ifremer, MoMAR08 cruise
2nd Periodic Activity Report
P.M. Sarradin and A. Colaço
September 2009 – May 2009
DEEP LEP 09 27
12
Part I
DM acronym:
MoMAR-D
DM title:
MoMAR-Demonstration
ESONET Site:
Scientific Area(s):
DM Start date:
September 2008
DM duration:
24
Partner Institution
Num.
Name
1
DOP/UAÇ
PI
PI coordinates
A. Colaço
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Sensors
[email protected]
[email protected]
Océanopolis
[email protected]
2
3
IPGP
M. Cannat
4
NOC
D. Connelly
5
CNRS - F
V. Chavagnac
CNRS - C
J. Goslin
Univ. Bremen
C. Waldmann and
6
M. Fabian
7
Ifremer
P.M. Sarradin
8
SOPAB
S. Ghiron
Associated partners
9
10
UPMCLOCEAN
with P# 3
CVARG
with P#1
G. Reverdin
[email protected]
Gabriela Queiroz
13
Executive summary
The MoMAR (Monitoring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) project was initiated 10 years ago by the
InterRidge Program to promote and coordinate long-term multidisciplinary monitoring of
hydrothermal vents in the Azores region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge This coordinated plan aims at
determining the feed-backs between volcanism, deformation, seismicity, and hydrothermalism, and to
understand how hydrothermal ecosystems couple with these sub-surface processes, and how this
affects exchanges with the ocean.
Monitoring at Lucky Strike has started with the MoMARETO (ecology), GRAVILUCK (geodesy),
and BBMoMAR (sismology and MT) experiments and will be further implemented in 2008 with the
deployment of autonomous temperature probes at selected vents.
The MoMAR-D project was selected by ESONET as a demonstration mission to deploy and manage a
multidisciplinary observing system at Lucky Strike during one year. Lucky Strike is a large
hydrothermal field located in the center of one of the most volcanically active segment of the MAR.
Monitoring this field offers a high probability of capturing evidence for volcanic events, observing
interactions between faulting, magmatism and hydrothermal circulations and, evaluating their links
with the dynamics of hydrothermal fauna.
We will use the SEAMON technology developed during the ASSEM EC project, with two nodes
acoustically linked to a surface buoy that will ensure satellite communication to a land base station.
The system will comprise 2 scientific nodes: a geophysical node moored in the Lucky Strike lava lake,
and a geochemical/ecological node at the Eiffel Tower vent site. This observatory infrastructure will
acquire a synchronized multidisciplinary data set, and allow us to develop solutions for sensor
interoperability, shore-sensor interactive communication, data management and dissemination, and
public outreach.
The project comprises two multidisciplinary ROV cruises (MoMARSAT), the first one in 2010 to
deploy the acoustically-linked multidisciplinary observing system at the Lucky Strike vent field and
the second one in 2010 to recover it. The study area belongs to the Portuguese ZEE and is part of a
planned OSPAR “Marine Protected Area”.
In January 2008, the MoMARSAT cruise proposal was submitted to the French Fleet Committee.
After evaluation, the cruise has been prescheduled for the summer 2010. Unfortunately, the
preliminary schedule was withdrawn and the cruise proposal had to be submitted once again to the
French Fleet Committee. We are waiting for the results of this evaluation and the new 2010-2011
schedule.
Nevertheless, the first MoMAR-D plenary meeting took place in March (17-18) 2009 in Ifremer centre
de Brest and gathered around 20 scientists and engineers from France, Germany and Portugal. The
objectives of this meeting were:
1- The scientific and technological presentation of the different planned experiments by each
partner, chair M. Cannat,
2- A description of the operational system by J. Blandin
3- The preparation of interfacing and shore trial step by J. Blandin (see Deliverable 2)
4- The preparation of the data management policy chaired by T. Carval and P.M. Sarradin,
deliverable 3.
5- The preparation of the communication plan (regional, national and EU initiatives) by J.
Sarrazin (deliverable 4).
This meeting allowed proposing a new planning for the interfacing and shore trial step:
• Development, adaptations and testing of sensors should be finalized by the end of December
2009.
• Integration to SEAMON is planned in January 2010.
• A test of the whole system should be carried out by the end of February 2010.
• Shipping is planned for May 2010.
A first draft of the data management policy (deliverable 3) is circulating among the partners. A final
version agreed by everybody is awaited in September 2009.
14
Deliverable Name
WP
Lead contractor
Due
date
D1
Cruise proposal submission
WP6
01/08
D2
Report Description of the
operational system : interface
specifications, sensors, localisation
Signed agreement Data
management policy
WP2
M. Cannat (P#3) J.
Blandin and P.M.
Sarradin (P#7)
J. Blandin (P#7)
WP3
T. Carval (P#7)
03/09
D4
Communication plan
WP5
J. Sarrazin (P#7)
03/09
D5
On shore integration and test report
WP2
J. Blandin (P#7)
12/09
D6
Cruise preparation file
WP6
03/10
D7
Deployment of the system during
the cruise
WP6
D8
1 month data file
D9
Report of dissemination activities
WP1WP3
WP5
M. Cannat (P#3) J.
Blandin and P.M.
Sarradin (P#7)
M. Cannat (P#3) J.
Blandin and P.M.
Sarradin (P#7)
M. Cannat (P#3) T.
Carval (P#7)
J. Sarrazin (P#7)
D3
03/09
Actual/
Forecast delivery
date
01/ 2008
New one in January
2009
04/2009
A draft version is
circulating among the
partners, 09/2009
Delayed 07/2009
08/10
09/10
10/10
Milestone
Milestone name
WP
M1
Submission of a cruise proposal to
the French fleet
WP6
M2
M3
M4
Deployment of the system 20 days
Cruise
WP2, WP3,
WP5
WP2
WP6
Due
date
01/08
03/ 09
12/09
08/10
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
01/08
01/09
Delayed 09/09
Lead
contractor
P#3 and P#7
P#7
P#7
P#3 and P#7
15
WP bar chart (planned/actual):
Starting month September 2008
WP#/Months
1 planned
1 actual
2p
2a
3p
3a
4p
4a
5p
5a
6p
6a
7p
7a
Milestones
planned
actual
1
2
3
4
01/09
5
M1
M1
6
7
8
9
M2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
M3
M2
01/10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
M4
24
16
Link with ESONET main activities:
Inputs to the DM from
ESONET WPs :
Sciences objectives WP3
Expected period Actual period
mm/yy
mm/yy
Integration of MoMAR-D scientific
objectives within ESONET general
objectives
The technical choices were made
taking WP2 into account
The data management policy was
written in accordance with ESONET
specifications
Standardisation and
interoperability WP2
Networking WP1
Management activities
Implementation strategies
Outputs of the DM
activity to ESONET
WPs :
Sciences objectives
MoMAR-D is included into a joint
reply called EMSO-Fr, with Marmara
and Ligurian sea, to a call for proposal
by the INSU (lead M. Cannat)
mm/yy
mm/yy
(D3)
Communication plan
(D4)
Site management (WP4)
Infrastructure (WP2)
ESONET letter
Comments
2010
2010
Comments
objectives
The data policy was written in
accordance to European specifications
but specifically to MoMAR-D
experiment
The communication strategy will
benefit to WP7
This task will benefit to ESONET
WP5 as an example of work done in
an MPA
WP2 and 5
Presentation of MoMAR-D in
ESONEWS 3
17
Sensors & data management plan:
This table is extracted from the data management policy (Deliverable 3) in a preliminary
version
.
Sensor
Experimenter
Institute
Location
Description
of the data
Description
of telemetry
data
IPGP
Seamon W
Accelerations
x, y, z
Ballu
IPGP
Seamon W
Pressure, tilt
technical
status +
seismic alert
total
Sarrazin
Ifremer
Seamon E
Video images
Still image
Sarradin
Ifremer
Seamon W
Reduced data
Sarradin
Ifremer
Seamon E
Fe
concentration
T°, O2
Connelly
NOCS
Seamon E
Waldmann
MARUM
Seamon E
GPS
Air / wind
sensor
Ifremer
Ifremer
Borel
Borel
Buoy
attitude
GPS
Ifremer
Borel
IPGP
Bouée
BOREL
BOREL
mooring
line
Lucky
Strike
Lucky
Strike
SEAMON
W?
Tour Eiffel
OBS
Pressure
probe
Video
camera
Chemini
Aanderaa
optode
Chemical
analyser
CTD/ADCP
T°, P probes
N= 6 to 10
Reverdin
LOCEAN
5 to 10 OBS
U. Lisbon
4 OBS
IPGP
OBM
U.
Bremen
NOCS LMTG
NOCS
Methane
sensor ???
Fiber optic
temperature
sensors array
T° probes
(High and
low )
Currentmeters
Tour Eiffel
total
Fe, Mn
concentrations
C, T°, P,
current
profiles
x, y
Wind speed /
direction
Air T air P
Tilt (x,y)
Reduced data
x, y, z, t
Autonomous
T°, P,
Autonomous
x, y, z
accélérations
x, y, z
accélérations
Tilt,
acceleration
CH4
concentration
T°
Autonomous
Autonomous
Reduced data
total
total
total
Autonomous
Autonomous
Autonomous
IPGP /
Ifremer
Around LS
vent field
T° (20 to 40)
Autonomous
Ifremer
/INSU
Mooring
close to the
Tour Eiffel
Current speed
/ direction
Autonomous
Time
delay
before
delivery
to the
Data
centre *
Time delay
before public
dissemination
of the data
18
Dissemination and outreach:
Type of school material available at the issue of
the mission
(photos, video, courses,…others)
Development of a didactic game in progress by
UAç.
Description
Oral presentations in international workshop and symposiums
Sarradin, P.M., M. Cannat, A. Colaço & J. Blandin.(2008) News in the MoMAR-D project. Faro,
ESONET General assembly, meeting, october 2008.
Sarrazin J., J. Blandin, L. Delauney, S. Dentrecolas, J. Dupont, C. Le Gall, J. Legrand, P. Léon, J.P.
Lévèque, L. Peton, P. Rodier, R. Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin A glimpse into the deep 45 days in
the life of a vent mussel assemblage. ICES International symposium, Horta (Azores, Pt), April
27-30 2009.
Colaço A. (UAç); M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin (Ifremer);P.M. Sarradin (Ifremer). MoMAR-D- A
technological challenge to monitor in real time Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field. ICES
International symposium, Horta (Azores, Pt), April 27-30 2009.
Publications (non referred papers)
Sarrazin J. et al. 2009, MoMAR/D: A demonstration mission to establish a multidisciplinary
observatory at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ESONEWS n°3
Miscellaneous
Cannat M. et al. 2009. « EMSO-Fr », réponse à l’appel d’offre pour la labellisation par l’Insu de «
Sites instrumentés » en Terre Interne.
19
Part II
DM acronym:
MoMAR-D
DM title:
MoMAR-Demonstration
ESONET Site:
Scientific Area(s):
DM Start date:
September 2008
DM duration:
24
Partners Management report
Partner Num.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P#1 DOP/UAÇ
Institution Name
DOP/UAÇ
FFCUL/CGUL
IPGP
NOC
CNRS - F
CNRS - C
Univ. Bremen
Ifremer
SOPAB
PI
A. Colaço
M. Miranda
M. Cannat
D. Connelly
V. Chavagnac
J. Goslin
C. Waldmann and M. Fabian
P.M. Sarradin
S. Ghiron
•
Work Performed :
The UAç team:
- Contributed to the workpackage 1 through the D1- with input to the cruise proposal,
- Contributed to the work package 2 collaborating with FFCUL/CGUL in the preparation of stand
alone OBS to be installed at the Lucky Strike vent field, and with sharing of knowledge to the type of
surface buoy mooring.
-Contributed to the site management through different contacts with teams that are also working in the
area and with the local authorities.
-Contributed to the WP5, by starting the development of a didactic game to the kids concerning the
MoMAR region, and with the presentation on the ICES deep-sea symposium “MoMAR-D: A
technological challenge to monitor the dynamics of the Lucky Strike vent ecosystem-Ana Colaço, M.
Cannat, J. Blandin, P.M. Sarradin and the MoMAR-D partners”- on the Deep-Sea Technology and
Biotechnology Research session.
- Contributed to the WP7- by co-leading the project with P:M: Sarradin
20
•
Rough Estimation of Major Cost: The travel costs were to attend the kick off meeting (3
persons), one from the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, and the other two from the
Centre of Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment
•
Overview of the Actual Costs,
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
0
0
0
4600
4600
P#2 FFCUL/CGUL
No input during this period.
P#3 IPGP
•
Work Performed :
WP1 and 2: We have participated in the March 09 kick-off meeting in Brest. We have done significant
work toward integration of the SEAMON-connected sensors our institute has taken responsibility for
(pressure probes and OBS). We have also made progress on processing of seismic monitoring of the
area in 2007-2008. These results are critical for the calibration of the seismic alert system for the
SEAMON-connected OBS.
WP3: we have contributed to the MoMAR-Demo Data management policy document which is now
nearly ready to be signed by all partners.
WP4: we have made progress in building the GIS database for the MoMar sites. We plan to release a
simplified version of this database on a web-based interface later this year.
•
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
11.5
2103,02
9720,02
35,00
11858,04
21
P#4 NOC
•
Work Performed :
WP 1-3: Chemical Fluxes at Lucky Strike vents.
Objectives: Development, test, validation and deployment for 1 month on SEAMON of in situ
chemical analysers for the measurement of Fe and Mn species.
Starting points: Existing system deployed in Scottish sea Lochs [Statham PJ et al. 2005] and in
hydrothermal setting aboard the WHOI AUV ABE where it was used in plume tracking and vent
location.
•
Progress towards objectives – (short description about Tasks status; each task has to be
referred as Task n.m where n is the WP number and m is a progressive number)
Task 1-3.1: Manufacturing of two duplicate devices with enhanced electronics for autonomous
operation (data logging, self calibration)
New datalogger developed and tested in situ to 3600m for short term deployment (~15 hours repeated
5 times), need long term testing. The datalogger has up to 4Gb of data storage and can communicate
using RS232 in real time at 1Hz for the data rate. It is low power (24V < 10mA) and has smart
electronics to enable valve control and timed data acquisition.
Issues with fluidics handling slowdown the development of the sensors. Solution identified and under
development and test.
contractors involved : NOCS, main research engineer: Dr Cedric Floquet
Task 1-3.2: Reagent stability enhancement, improved in situ calibration and fouling reduction
techniques
PhD student working FT on characterizing the susceptibility to biofouling of the materials used to
manufacture the sensors.
Task 1-3.3: Integration to SEAMON
Not started. Likely to be RS232 com with 1Hz data rate. System will need power from DeepSea
Power and light type battery (24V 32Ah). Exact power requirements not known yet.
•
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
P#5 CNRS
•
Work Performed :
Contribution to WP1
- V. Chavagnac and C. Boulart participated to the kick-off meeting of the MoMAR-D program. The
two-days meeting took place at IFREMER in Brest in March 2009.
- The main scientific objective of the LMTG is to determine the chemical and gas composition of
hydrothermal fluids. This requires gas-tight Ti syringes which are not adapted at present for hightemperature fluid. We have therefore ordered Titanium tubing to make Ti canule onto the IFREMER
multi-sampler via the mechanical workshop at the LMTG.
•
Rough Estimation of Major Cost:
- Travel to the kick-off meeting: 1711€
- Consummables Ti-material : 3104€
•
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
2.0
0
0
1711.00
3104.00
0
4815.00
P#6 Univ. Bremen
Participation to the kick off meeting in Brest.
P# 7 Ifremer
•
o
o
o
o
o
Work Performed :
Organization of the kick off meeting in Brest (WP7).
Submission of the cruise proposal (WP1 and 6), Deliverable 1.
Production of Deliverable 2 (WP2).
Preparation of D3 (Data management policy – WP3) and D4 (communication plan WP 5).
Participation to the ICES symposium in Horta.
ESONET General assembly, meeting, october 2008.
Sarrazin J., J. Blandin, L. Delauney, S. Dentrecolas, J. Dupont, C. Le Gall, J. Legrand, P. Léon, J.P.
Lévèque, L. Peton, P. Rodier, R. Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin A glimpse into the deep 45 days in
the life of a vent mussel assemblage. ICES International symposium, Horta (Azores, Pt), April
27-30 2009.
23
Publications (non referred papers)
•
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
P#8 SOPAB
Participation to the kick off meeting in Brest.
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
1.7
11 114,85
0
7 002,35
18 117,20
24
WP management report
(From 30 September 2008 to May 2009)
WP
WP1
WP2
WP3
WP4
WP5
WP6
WP7
WP leader
M. Cannat
J. Blandin
Data management
T. Carval
Site management
A. Colaço
Communication plan, Public outreach
J. Sarrazin
Cruise
P.M. Sarradin
Project management
A. Colaço, P.M. Sarradin
WORKPACKAGE
Full WP title
WP1
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
Partner organisation full name
IPGP
Person in charge for the report (WP
Leader)
M. Cannat
Partners involved in the Work
DOP, FFCUL, NOCS, CNRS C & F, Univ. Bremen,
Ifremer
Workpackage objectives and starting point
WP1. This workpackage concerns the scientific coordination of the multidisciplinary experiments
planned at Lucky Strike as part of the demo mission. All demo partners are involved in this WP.
Progress towards objectives –
The experiment is still in its preparation stage, because the cruise for the initial deployment
of the system has been scheduled provisionally in the summer of 2010 only. We have used
the additional year to progress on technological developments made in order to insure the
connection of sensor packages to the SEAMON system, but have officially launched the
demo at the kick-off meeting in Brest in march 2009.
Deviations from the project work programm, and corrective actions taken/suggested (identify the
nature and the reason for the problem, identify partners involved)
We will not be able to go ahead with the temperature array (partner NOC) we were hoping to
deploy to monitor changes in the temperature at diffuse venting areas.
Corrective actions:
We are looking at other means to get some of these diffuse venting temperature data,
including use of a sensor deployed previously in the Gulf of Cadiz.
WORKPACKAGE
25
Full WP title
WP2
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
Ifremer
Leader)
J. Blandin
DOP, FFCUL, IPGP, NOCS, Univ. Bremen, Ifremer
•
The objective of this WP is to provide the infrastructure of the deep sea observatory based on Seamon
nodes and Borel buoy.
•
Work Performed :
This first period was devoted to the redaction of deliverable 2. This document provides the description
of the operational system in terms of interface specifications, sensors and localisation.
This document was presented during the kick off meeting in Brest as well as an actualized schedule
forecasting the preparation of the infrastructure, the integration of the sensors, the shore trials of the
whole system in Brest.
WORKPACKAGE
26
Full WP title
WP3
Data management
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
Ifremer
Leader)
T. Carval
DOP, FFCUL, IPGP, NOCS, CNRS C & F, Univ.
Bremen, SOPAB
Workpackage objectives and starting point (max 500 characters)
i) The objective of this WP is to establish and define a data management policy and procedure agreed
by all the partners. The principles to be specified are: i) the definition of the data to be acquired, ii) the
procedures of control for these data and the definition of metadata in accordance with the standards
recommendations on data documentation, and finally iii) the dissemination level.
ii) An important task will be to develop links between the MoMAR-D and the data management
systems currently used for volcanic and seismic monitoring, and for ecosystem inventory and
surveillance, at and near the Azores Islands. To this aim, we have secured the participation of
colleagues from the Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, and from the
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores.
i) Data management principles were discussed during the first meeting in Brest (March 209). A draft
document, based on documents issued from Neptune Canada, ESONET and Eurosites, has been
written by T. Carval and P.M. Sarradin and is circulating amongst the partners for modifications. A
final document (Deliverable 3) agreed by all the partners should be available in autumn 2009.
ii) The Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos was present in Brest for the first
meeting and presented us their work.
Deviations from the project work programme,
D3 was planned in March 2009. Data management was discussed during the first MoMAR D meeting
in Brest in March 2009. We have delayed the delivery of D3 in autumn 2009.
WORKPACKAGE
27
Full WP title
WP4
Site management
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
DOP UAC
Leader)
A. Colaço
DOP, FFCUL, IPGP, NOCS, CNRS F, Ifremer
The MoMAR-D demonstration will undertake to comply with the MPA rules and develop a coherent
experimental site management plan. This plan will include a set of rules for PI’s, based on the MPA
code of conduct and on the InterRidge code of conduct. These rules will aim at minimizing the impact
of research on the environment, and at ensuring the compatibility of all the experiments planned.
To enforce these regulations, we will make provision in the MoMAR-D demonstration project for a
coordinating MoMAR office, probably at Horta (but a centralized ESONET site management office
may also be envisioned) and develop formal links with the Portuguese maritime authorities (the
Hydrographic Institute), with the MPA managing authorities, and with the Azores Regional
Government. Partners from the Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, and from
the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores will play a leading role
in this task.
Work Performed : Participation to the ICES meeting in Horta.
WORKPACKAGE
28
Full WP title
WP5
Communication plan, Public outreach
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
Ifremer
Leader)
J. Sarrazin
DOP, FFCUL, IPGP, NOCS, Univ. Bremen, SOPAB
Near real time transmission of data (and video images) from the vents will open new opportunities for
public outreach. The public outreach strategy will include press conferences before the cruises,
maintenance of a cruise web site, and organization of a live event from the vessel, with video
conferences and transmission of live images from the seafloor, participation of journalists interested in
making a movie out of this seafloor observatory adventure. Our plan is to have a permanent exhibit,
with access to the most recent data and images from the seafloor, at the Oceanopolis aquarium in
Brest. Mirror sites and exhibit material could also be set in other large aquariums in Europe.
The strategy will cover international to regional initiatives such as the production of a didactic kit, in
Portuguese, on hydrothermal vents and seafloor observatories for the different school levels, in
connection with in the Azores University.
The public outreach strategy was discussed during the first meeting in Brest in March 2009. The
communication plan will be available in July 2009 (Deliverable 4).
WORKPACKAGE
29
Full WP title
WP6
Cruise
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
Ifremer
Leader)
P.M. Sarradin
DOP, FFCUL, IPGP, NOCS, CNRS C& F, Univ.
Bremen, SOPAB
The objective of this WP is to submit a cruise proposal to the French Fleet Committee (D1). This
proposal gathers 2 20 days cruises using the French ROV Victor 6000. The first cruise will be
dedicated to the implementation of the observatory infrastructure in the Lucky Strike vent field, the
second one to its recovery 12 month later. Site studies will be performed during both cruises.
After evaluation, the cruise has been prescheduled for the summer 2010. Unfortunately, this
preliminary schedule was withdrawn and the cruise proposal had to be submitted once again in
January 2009. We are waiting for the results of this evaluation and the new 2010-2011 schedule.
Deviations from the project work programme
The MoMARSAT cruise proposal was submitted 3 times to the French Fleet committee. In June 2009,
we have not got any certainty on the scheduling of the cruise in 2010 and 2011. This uncertainty led us
to delay the starting date of the MoMAR-D DM (September 2008), and to slow down the shore work.
With the new agenda, only the first cruise in would 2010 fit in the ESONET calendar. If the cruise is
delayed once again to 2011-2012, the project will be shifted out of the ESONET time schedule setting
the question of the future of the project and of the ESONET grant. In such a case, the objectives within
ESONET could be reduced to a shore trial of the complete observatory infrastructure.
Deliverable
D1: Cannat M., Sarradin, P.M., Blandin, J. January 2009. MoMARSAT 1 & 2 cruise proposals
30
Full WP title
WP7
Project management
Period covered
from 30/09/2008 to May 2009
Ifremer and DOP
Leader)
WORKPACKAGE
The objective of MoMAR-D proposal is the deployment of an acoustically-linked multidisciplinary
observing system at the Lucky Strike vent field, with satellite connection to shore, and its management
during 1 year.
The first MoMAR-D plenary meeting took place in March (17-18) 2009 in Ifremer centre de Brest and
gathered around 20 scientists and engineers from France, Germany and Portugal. The objectives of
this meeting were:
The scientific and technological presentation of the different planned experiments by each partner,
chair M. Cannat,
•
•
•
A description of the operational system by J. Blandin
The preparation of interfacing and shore trial step by J. Blandin (see Deliverable 2)
The preparation of the data management policy chaired by T. Carval and P.M. Sarradin,
deliverable 3.
• The preparation of the communication plan (regional, national and EU initiatives) by J.
Sarrazin (deliverable 4).
This meeting allowed proposing a new planning for the interfacing and shore trial step:
• Development, adaptations and testing of sensors should be finalized by the end of December
2009.
• Integration to SEAMON is planned in January 2010.
• A test of the whole system should be carried out by the end of February 2010.
• Shipping is planned for May 2010.
Deviations from the project work programme
This project is directly linked to the realization of 2 cruises to deploy and recover the observatory
infrastructure. In January 2008, the MoMARSAT cruise proposal was submitted to the French Fleet
Committee and prescheduled for the summer 2010. Unfortunately, this preliminary schedule was
withdrawn and the cruise proposal had to be submitted once again in January 2009. We are waiting for
the results of this evaluation and the new 2010-2011 schedule. In June 2009, we have not got any
certainty on the scheduling of the cruise in 2010 and 2011. This uncertainty led us to delay the starting
date of the MoMAR-D DM (September 2008), and to slow down the shore work. With the new
agenda, only the first cruise in would 2010 fit in the ESONET calendar. If the cruise is delayed once
again to 2011-2012, the project will be shifted out of the ESONET time schedule setting the question
of the future of the project and of the ESONET grant. In such a case, the objectives within ESONET
could be reduced to a shore trial of the complete observatory infrastructure.
ESONET General assembly, meeting, October 2008.
•
31
A tabular overview of budgeted person-months and actual person-months by
workpackage (budgeted person –months to be taken from “Effort breakdown” Excel file)
P#
P#1 DOP/UAÇ and CVARG-UAç
Total planned
Planned from 30/09/2008 to May
2009
Actual from 30/09/2008 to May
2009
P#2 FFCUL/CGUL
Total planned
2009
2009
P#3 IPGP
Total planned
2009
2009
P#4 NOC
Total planned
2009
2009
P#5 CNRS - C
Total planned
2009
2009
CNRS - F
Total planned
2009
2009
P#6 Univ. Bremen
Total planned
2009
2009
P#7 Ifremer
Total planned
2009
WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 WP6 WP7 Total
2
0,5
0.5
0.5
0
2
1
2.5
1
3
0
1
0.3
11
3.3
0,5
0.5
0
1
1
0
0.5
3.5
3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2
7
19
10
4
2
1
10
46
5
5
1
0.5
0
0
0
11.5
16.5
0
4
0
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.5
0
3
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9.5
2
2
0.5
0
8
2
0
0
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
3
2
0.5
0
0
0
6
12.5
1.5
0
0
12
0
2
0
11
0
0
0
0
0.5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
15
1
37
8
P#
2009
P#8 SOPAB
Total planned
2009
2009
Total
Total planned
2009
2009
32
WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 WP6 WP7 Total
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.7
0.5
0.5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
68
30.5
9
6.5
7
41
2
164
7.8
6.2
1.1
1.7
1
0.1
0.6
18.5
33
ESONET MoMAR-D
3rd Periodic Activity Report, January 2010
MoMAR-D
Periodic Activity Report
1st July 2009 – 31 December 2009
DEEP LEP 10 XX
34
ESONET MoMAR-D
Part I
DM acronym:
MoMAR-D
DM title:
MoMAR-Demonstration
ESONET Site:
Scientific Area(s):
DM Start date:
September 2008
DM duration:
24
1st July 2009 -31 December 2009
Partner Institution
Num.
Name
1
DOP/UAÇ
PI
PI coordinates
A. Colaço
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Sensors
[email protected]
[email protected]
Océanopolis
[email protected]
2
3
IPGP
M. Cannat
4
NOC
D. Connelly
5
CNRS - F
V. Chavagnac
CNRS - C
J. Goslin
Univ. Bremen
C. Waldmann and
6
M. Fabian
7
Ifremer
P.M. Sarradin
8
SOPAB
S. Ghiron
Associated partners
9
10
UPMCLOCEAN
with P# 3
CVARG
with P#1
G. Reverdin
[email protected]
Gabriela Queiroz
ESONET MoMAR-D
35
Executive summary
The MoMAR (Monitoring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) project was initiated 10 years ago by the
InterRidge Program to promote and coordinate long-term multidisciplinary monitoring of
hydrothermal vents in the Azores region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge This coordinated plan aims at
determining the feed-backs between volcanism, deformation, seismicity, and hydrothermalism, and to
understand how hydrothermal ecosystems couple with these sub-surface processes, and how this
affects exchanges with the ocean.
Monitoring at Lucky Strike has started with the MoMARETO (ecology), GRAVILUCK (geodesy),
and BBMoMAR (sismology and MT) experiments and will be further implemented in 2008 with the
deployment of autonomous temperature probes at selected vents.
multidisciplinary observing system at Lucky Strike during one year. Lucky Strike is a large
hydrothermal field located in the center of one of the most volcanically active segment of the MAR.
Monitoring this field offers a high probability of capturing evidence for volcanic events, observing
interactions between faulting, magmatism and hydrothermal circulations and, evaluating their links
with the dynamics of hydrothermal fauna.
We will use the SEAMON technology developed during the ASSEM EC project, with two nodes
acoustically linked to a surface buoy that will ensure satellite communication to a land base station.
The system will comprise 2 scientific nodes: a geophysical node moored in the Lucky Strike lava lake,
and a geochemical/ecological node at the Eiffel Tower vent site. This observatory infrastructure will
acquire a synchronized multidisciplinary data set, and allow us to develop solutions for sensor
interoperability, shore-sensor interactive communication, data management and dissemination, and
public outreach.
The project comprises two multidisciplinary ROV cruises (MoMARSAT), the first one in 2010 to
deploy the acoustically-linked multidisciplinary observing system at the Lucky Strike vent field and
the second one in 2010 to recover it. The study area belongs to the Portuguese ZEE and is part of a
planned OSPAR “Marine Protected Area”.
After evaluation, the cruise has been prescheduled for the summer 2010. Unfortunately, the
preliminary schedule was withdrawn and the cruise proposal had to be submitted once again to the
French Fleet Committee.
The cruise is now scheduled in September 2010, on the Pourquoi pas ? with the ROV Victor 6000.
Due to logistic constraints of the fleet, the duration of the first cruise was reduced from 19 to 13 days
to implement the observatory infrastructure on Lucky Strike.
After the meeting in Brest in March 2009 and the final definition of the observatory, this period was
used to start the technological work. The design and building of the sensors and nodes is in progress as
well as the software adaptation of the sensors to the SEAMON technology. The objective is to start the
trial step in Brest in Spring 2010. Shipping is planned during Summer 2010.
In parallel, a draft of the data management policy is circulating among the partners (see draft of D3).
The MoMAR-D project was presented during the 4th International symposium on Chemosynthetic
Based Ecosystems in Okinawa (Jpn), the ESONET All region workshop in Paris, the ESONET
Best practices workshop in Brest and the Ocean Biology Observatory Workshop in Mestre
(It).
The next 6 month period will be devoted to the on shore integration and trial of the system in Ifremer
in Spring 2010.
D3 and D4 will be finalized before the cruise.
The cruise preparation reports (Agreement to work in the Portuguese waters and Technological
description of the cruise) will be delivered to the French Fleet in March 2010.
36
ESONET MoMAR-D
Deliverable Name
WP
Lead contractor
Due
date
D1
Cruise proposal submission
WP6
01/08
D2
Report Description of the
operational system : interface
specifications, sensors, localisation
Signed agreement Data
management policy
WP2
M. Cannat (P#3) J.
Blandin and P.M.
Sarradin (P#7)
J. Blandin (P#7)
WP3
T. Carval (P#7)
03/09
D4
Communication plan
WP5
J. Sarrazin (P#7)
03/09
A draft version is
circulating among the
partners, 06/2010
Delayed 07/2010
D5
WP2
J. Blandin (P#7)
12/09
Delayed 06/2010
D6
Cruise preparation file
WP6
03/10
D7
Deployment of the system during
the cruise
WP6
D8
1 month data file
D9
Report of dissemination activities
WP1WP3
WP5
M. Cannat (P#3) J.
Blandin and P.M.
Sarradin (P#7)
M. Cannat (P#3) J.
Blandin and P.M.
Sarradin (P#7)
M. Cannat (P#3) T.
Carval (P#7)
J. Sarrazin (P#7)
D3
Actual/
Forecast delivery
date
01/ 2008
New one in January
2009
04/2009
03/09
08/10
09/10
10/10
Milestone
Milestone name
WP
M1
Submission of a cruise proposal to
the French fleet
WP6
M2
M3
M4
Deployment of the system 20 days
Cruise
WP2, WP3,
WP5
WP2
WP6
Due
date
01/08
03/ 09
12/09
08/10
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
01/08
01/09
Delayed 06/10
Lead
contractor
P#3 and P#7
Delayed 06/10
P#7
P#3 and P#7
P#7
37
ESONET MoMAR-D
WP bar chart (planned/actual):
Starting month September 2008
WP#/Months
1 planned
1 actual
2p
2a
3p
3a
4p
4a
5p
5a
6p
6a
7p
7a
Milestones
planned
actual
1
2
3
4
01/09
5
M1
M1
6
7
8
9
M2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
01/10
17
18
19
20
21
22
M3
M2
23
M4
M2
&3
24
38
ESONET MoMAR-D
Link with ESONET main activities:
Participation to international symposiums and workshops:
• ESONET All region workshop in Paris, October 2009,
• ESONET Best practices workshop in Brest, October 2009,
•
4th International symposium on Chemosynthetic Based Ecosystems in Okinawa (Jpn), July
2009,
•
Ocean Biology Observatory Workshop in Mestre (It), September 2009.
Inputs to the DM from
ESONET WPs :
Sciences objectives WP3
mm/yy
mm/yy
Comments
objectives
Participation to the 4th CBE
symposium in Okinawa
The technical choices were made
taking WP2 into account
The data management policy was
written in accordance with ESONET
specifications
Participation to the Ocean Biology
Standardisation and
interoperability WP2
Networking WP1
Observatory Workshop in Mestre
(It), September 2009
Management activities
Implementation strategies
Outputs of the DM
activity to ESONET
WPs :
Sciences objectives
MoMAR-D is included into a joint
reply called EMSO-Fr, with Marmara
and Ligurian sea, to a call for proposal
by the INSU (lead M. Cannat)
mm/yy
mm/yy
Comments
objectives
Participation to the ESONET Best
practices workshop in Brest,
(D3)
Communication plan
(D4)
Site management (WP4)
Infrastructure (WP2)
ESONET letter
2010
2010
October 2009
The data policy was written in
accordance to European specifications
but specifically to MoMAR-D
experiment
The communication strategy will
benefit to WP7
WP5 as an example of work done in
an MPA
WP2 and 5
Presentation of MoMAR-D in
ESONEWS 3
39
ESONET MoMAR-D
Sensors & data management plan:
This table is extracted from the data management policy (Deliverable 3) in a preliminary
version
.
Sensor
Experimenter
Institute
Location
Description
of the data
Description
of telemetry
data
IPGP
Seamon W
Accelerations
x, y, z
Ballu
IPGP
Seamon W
Pressure, tilt
technical
status +
seismic alert
total
Sarrazin
Ifremer
Seamon E
Video images
Still image
Sarradin
Ifremer
Seamon W
Reduced data
Sarradin
Ifremer
Seamon E
Fe
concentration
T°, O2
Connelly
NOCS
Seamon E
Reduced data
Waldmann
MARUM
Seamon E
GPS
Air / wind
sensor
Ifremer
Ifremer
Borel
Borel
Buoy
attitude
GPS
Ifremer
Borel
Fe, Mn
concentrations
C, T°, P,
current
profiles
x, y
Wind speed /
direction
Air T air P
Tilt (x,y)
IPGP
Bouée
BOREL
BOREL
mooring
line
Lucky
Strike
Lucky
Strike
SEAMON
W?
Tour Eiffel
x, y, z, t
Autonomous
T°, P,
Autonomous
x, y, z
accélérations
x, y, z
accélérations
Tilt,
acceleration
CH4
concentration
T°
Autonomous
Autonomous
OBS
Pressure
probe
Video
camera
Chemini
Aanderaa
optode
Chemical
analyser
CTD/ADCP
T°, P probes
N= 6 to 10
Reverdin
LOCEAN
5 to 10 OBS
U. Lisbon
4 OBS
IPGP
OBM
U.
Bremen
NOCS LMTG
NOCS
Methane
sensor ???
Fiber optic
temperature
sensors array
T° probes
(High and
low )
Currentmeters
Tour Eiffel
total
Reduced data
total
total
total
Autonomous
Autonomous
Autonomous
IPGP /
Ifremer
Around LS
vent field
T° (20 to 40)
Autonomous
Ifremer
/INSU
Mooring
close to the
Tour Eiffel
Current speed
/ direction
Autonomous
Time
delay
before
delivery
to the
Data
centre *
Time delay
before public
dissemination
of the data
ESONET MoMAR-D
40
Dissemination and outreach:
Type of school material available at the issue of
the mission
(photos, video, courses,…others)
Development of a didactic game in progress by
UAç.
Description
Blandin J. & P.M. Sarradin. Deployment and recovery of a non cabled system with data
transmission capacity : The MoMAR case. ESONET Best practices workshop, octobre
2009-Brest.
Colaço Ana (IMAR/DOP-Uaç), M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin (IFREMER),P.M. Sarradin
(IFREMER) and the MoMAR-D partners. MoMAR-D: A technological challenge to
monitor the dynamics of the Lucky Strike vent ecosystem. ESONET All region
workshop-Paris- 5-7 October.
CuvelierD., A first decadal study (1994-2008) of community dynamics on an Atlantic
hydrothermal edifice as revealed by high-resolution video image analysis A first decadal
study (1994-2008) of community dynamics on an Atlantic hydrothermal edifice as
revealed by high-resolution video image analysis. 4th International symposium on
Chemosynthetic Based Ecosystems in Okinawa (Jpn), July 2009,
Gauthier O, J Sarrazin, PM Sarradin. 2009. Development of an automated protocol to analyse
the temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems from video imagery and temperature
time-series part II: Untangling spatio-temporal temperature variations, first insights from
a novel approach. European Sea Observatory Network of Excellence 2nd Best Practices
Workshop, Ifremer, Brest, France, 8-9 octobre.
Mercier G., J Sarrazin, PM Sarradin. 2009. Development of an automated protocol to analyse
the temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems from video imagery and temperature
time-series part I: Automated image processing. European Sea Observatory Network of
Excellence 2nd Best Practices Workshop, Ifremer, Brest, France, 8-9 octobre.
Sarradin P.M. (IFREMER), Ana Colaço (IMAR/DOP-Uaç), M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin
(IFREMER), and the MoMAR-D partners. Implementing the Azores Node. ESONET
All region workshop-Paris- 5-7 October.
Sarradin P.M. (IFREMER), Ana Colaço (IMAR/DOP-Uaç), M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin
(IFREMER), J. Sarrazin and the MoMAR-D partners.The MoMAR-D project : A
challenge to monitor the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent in real time. Poster. Ocean
Biology Observatory Workshop, Mestre (It), September 2009, 16-18.
Sarradin P.M., M. Waeles, C. Le Gall, P. Rodier, J. Sarrazin, D. Cuvelier, F. De Busseroles, R.
Riso. Heterogeneity of habitats within a single hydrothermal edifice, MAR. 4th
International symposium on Chemosynthetic Based Ecosystems in Okinawa (Jpn), July 2009.
Sarrazin J., C. Le Gall, L. Peton, PM Sarradin. A glimpse into the deep: Mussel community
changes and environmental dynamics at Tour Eiffel, MAR. 4th International symposium on
Chemosynthetic Based Ecosystems in Okinawa (Jpn), July 2009,
Publications
Larkin, K.E., Ruhl, H.A., Bagley, P., Benn, A., Bett, B.J., Billett, D.S.M., Boetius A.,
Chevaldonné,P., Colaço, A., Copley, J., Danovaro, R., Escobar-Briones, E., Glover A.,
ESONET MoMAR-D
41
Gooday, A.J, Hughes,J.A., Kalogeropoulou, V., Kelly-Gerreyn, B.A., Kitazato H.,
Klages, M., Lampadariou, N., Lejeusne, C., Perez, T., Priede., I.G., Rogers A., Sarradin,
P.M, Sarrazin, J., Soltwedel, T., Soto, E.H., Thatje, S., Tselepides, A., Tyler, P.A., van
den Hove, S., Vanreusel, A., Wenzhöfer, F. 2009: Benthic biology time-series in the
deep sea: Indicators of change. OceanObs’09 benthic time-series white paper
Glover, A G, A J Gooday, D M Bailey, D S M Billett, P Chevaldonné, A Colaço, J Copley, D
Cuvelier, D Desbruyères, V Kalogeropoulou, M Klages, N Lampadariou, C Lejeusne, N
C Mestre, G L J Paterson, T Perez, H A Ruhl, J Sarrazin, T Soltwedel, E H Soto, S
Thatje, A Tselepides, S Van Gaever, and A Vanreusel, Climatic and geological drivers
of long-term temporal change in deep-sea ecosystems, Advances in Marine Biology,
(submitted).
Colaço A.; M. Cannat , J. Blandin ;P.M. Sarradin (subm). MoMAR-D- A technological
challenge to monitor in real time Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field. ICES Journal of
Marine Science
Ruhl H.A., Karstensen J., Géli L., Colaço A., Lampitt R., André M. (subm). Societal need for
improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geohazrd
warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas. Progress in
Oceanography
Cuvelier, D, Sarrazin J., Colaço A., Copley J. T., Glover A., Tyler P., Serrão Santos R., and
Desbruyères D. (Subm) Community dynamics over 14 years at the Eiffel Tower
hydrothermal edifice on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Limnology and
Oceanography
42
ESONET MoMAR-D
Part II
DM acronym:
MoMAR-D
DM title:
MoMAR-Demonstration
ESONET Site:
Scientific Area(s):
DM Start date:
September 2008
DM duration:
1 July-31 December 2009
Partners Management report
Partner Num.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Institution Name
DOP/UAÇ
FFCUL/CGUL
IPGP
NOC
CNRS - F
CNRS - C
Univ. Bremen
Ifremer
SOPAB
PI
A. Colaço
M. Miranda
M. Cannat
D. Connelly
V. Chavagnac
J. Goslin
C. Waldmann and M. Fabian
P.M. Sarradin
S. Ghiron
P#1 DOP/UAÇ
• Work Performed :
• Rough Estimation of Major Cost:
Overview of the Actual Costs, P#1 DOP/UAÇ
The UAç team:
- Contributed to the :
WP4:
- Contributed to the site management through different contacts with teams that are also working in the
area and with the local authorities. At the 22nd of December 2009 the European Communitty
integrated the Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydrothermal vents on the list of sites of Community
importance for the Macaronesian biogeographical region.
ESONET MoMAR-D
43
WP5:
- Conception of a didactic game.
- Participation on the SCOR Workshop on Ocean Biology Observatories in Mestre
- Submission of the scientific publications:
Larkin, K.E., Ruhl, H.A., Bagley, P., Benn, A., Bett, B.J., Billett, D.S.M., Boetius A.,
Chevaldonné,P., Colaço, A., Copley, J., Danovaro, R., Escobar-Briones, E., Glover A.,
Gooday, A.J, Hughes,J.A., Kalogeropoulou, V., Kelly-Gerreyn, B.A., Kitazato H., Klages,
M., Lampadariou, N., Lejeusne, C., Perez, T., Priede., I.G., Rogers A., Sarradin, P.M,
Sarrazin, J., Soltwedel, T., Soto, E.H., Thatje, S., Tselepides, A., Tyler, P.A., van den Hove,
S., Vanreusel, A., Wenzhöfer, F. 2009: Benthic biology time-series in the deep sea: Indicators of
change. OceanObs’09 benthic time-series white paper
-Glover, A G, A J Gooday, D M Bailey, D S M Billett, P Chevaldonné, A Colaço, J Copley,
D Cuvelier, D Desbruyères, V Kalogeropoulou, M Klages, N Lampadariou, C
Lejeusne, N C Mestre, G L J Paterson, T Perez, H A Ruhl, J Sarrazin, T Soltwedel, E
H Soto, S Thatje, A Tselepides, S Van Gaever, and A Vanreusel, Climatic and
geological drivers of long-term temporal change in deep-sea ecosystems, Advances in
Marine Biology, (submitted).
-Colaço A.; M. Cannat , J. Blandin ;P.M. Sarradin (subm). MoMAR-D- A technological challenge
to monitor in real time Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field. ICES Journal of Marine Science
-Ruhl H.A., Karstensen J., Géli L., Colaço A., Lampitt R., André M. (subm). Societal need for
improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geohazrd
warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas. Progress in
Oceanography
-Cuvelier, D, Sarrazin J., Colaço A., Copley J. T., Glover A., Tyler P., Serrão Santos R., and
Desbruyères D. (Subm) Community dynamics over 14 years at the Eiffel Tower
hydrothermal edifice on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Limnology and
Oceanography
-Contributed to the site management through different contacts with teams that are also working in the
area and with the local authorities.
WP7:
Co-leading the project with P:M: Sarradin
• Rough Estimation of Major Cost:
• Overview of the Actual Costs,
Type of expenditure
During this period no major costs were performed
Actual costs( Euro)
Second period
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
44
ESONET MoMAR-D
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
0
0
0
108
0
108
ESONET MoMAR-D
45
P#5 CNRS - F : LMTG, Toulouse
Cedric Boulart participated to the ESONET meeting in Paris the 5 – 7 October 2009.
We have bought the electronic/optical- material from Nomadics to build the main structure of the
dissolved methane in-situ sensor. We have also received from the ENS Chimie de Lyon (J.-P. Dutasta)
a large quantity of the supra-molecule “Cryptophane-A” which is specially adapted to methane and
which is the base of the sensor. We have build, in parallel, a bench-top set-up necessary to calibrate
the methane sensor at atmospheric pressure. We are now in the phase of integrating the different
component of the methane sensor using the infrastructure of the LAAS (Toulouse) before starting the
first tests of methane detection in water at atmospheric pressure.
•
•
Rough Estimation of Major Cost: 5748€
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables
Other costs
Total Costs
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
1
396
5352
5748.00
P# 7 Ifremer
A draft of the Data management policy is circulating among the partners and will be finalized before
the cruise.
The MoMAR-D project was presented during the 4th International symposium on Chemosynthetic
Based Ecosystems in Okinawa (Jpn), the ESONET All region workshop in Paris, the ESONET
Best practices workshop in Brest and the Ocean Biology Observatory Workshop in Mestre
(It).
A post doctoral grant was submitted and accepted by Ifremer and the European project Hermione. The
PI are Pierre-Marie Sarradin (Ifremer), Jozée Sarrazin (Ifremer) and Grégoire Mercier (Télécom
Bretagne).
Elaboration of a video processing platform to analyze the temporal dynamics of hydrothermal
ecosystems.
Located on oceanic ridges, hydrothermal ecosystems are characterized by strong physico-chemical
gradients and the presence of a unique fauna, sustained by microbial chemosynthesis. Several studies
have shown that the spatial distribution and composition of vent faunal assemblages were strongly
correlated to geological, physical and chemical processes at different spatial and temporal scales, but
almost no data are available on the temporal dynamics of these ecosystems. The major objective of
this post-doctoral research position is to develop a video processing platform to analyze the temporal
dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems. This data along with the abiotic data measured within the vent
environment will be analyzed and compared using multivariate statistics. Finally, all the data will be
further processed through a GIS that will allow for a graphical representation of all of the observed
temporal variations. More specifically, we are looking to answer the following questions : (i) What
biological and geological data can be automatically extracted from video imagery to feed the temporal
database and (ii) what are the different scales of variations linking environmental changes and the
ESONET MoMAR-D
46
dynamics of the fauna in hydrothermal ecosystems ?
The acquired data will be used to better understand the influence of abiotic variations on deep-sea
animal communities. This post-doc will be one of the first using the new “deep-sea observatory”
approach. Expected results may then provide fundamental knowledge on the functioning of deep-sea
ecosystems. This project is part of the European programmes ESONET (2008-2011) and HERMIONE
(2009-2012) of the 6th and 7th PCRD respectively.
•
•
Rough Estimation of Major Cost:
. Consumables and spare parts for the ecology node.
. Personnel costs :
Development of the sensors for the ecology node
Adaptation of the Seamon technology for the project
Participation to symposiums
Type of expenditure
Total person-months
Personnel costs
Subcontracting
Travels
Consumables and spares
Other costs
Total Costs
Actual costs( Euro)
First period
384
17 308 €
0
16 284 €
10 904 €
44 496€
Communications :
Ana Colaço (IMAR/DOP-Uaç), M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin (IFREMER),P.M. Sarradin
(IFREMER) and the MoMAR-D partners. MoMAR-D: A technological challenge to monitor
the dynamics of the Lucky Strike vent ecosystem. ESONET All region workshop-Paris- 5-7
October.
P.M. Sarradin (IFREMER), Ana Colaço (IMAR/DOP-Uaç), M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin
(IFREMER), and the MoMAR-D partners. Implementing the Azores Node. ESONET All
region workshop-Paris- 5-7 October.
J. Blandin & P.M. Sarradin. Deployment and recovery of a non cabled system with data
transmission capacity : The MoMAR case. ESONET Best practices workshop, octobre 2009Brest.
P.M. Sarradin (IFREMER), Ana Colaço (IMAR/DOP-Uaç), M. Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin
(IFREMER), J. Sarrazin and the MoMAR-D partners.The MoMAR-D project : A challenge to
monitor the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent in real time. Ocean Biology Observatory
Workshop, Mestre (It), September 2009, 16-18.
Mercier G., J Sarrazin, PM Sarradin. 2009. Development of an automated protocol to
analyse the temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems from video imagery and
temperature time-series part I: Automated image procesing. European Sea Observatory
Network of Excellence 2nd Best Practices Workshop, Ifremer, Brest, France, 8-9 octobre.
ESONET MoMAR-D
47
Gauthier O, J Sarrazin, PM Sarradin. 2009. Development of an automated protocol to
analyse the temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems from video imagery and
temperature time-series part II: Untangling spatio-temporal temperature variations, first
insights from a novel approach. European Sea Observatory Network of Excellence 2nd Best
Practices Workshop, Ifremer, Brest, France, 8-9 octobre.
48
49
ESONET
Deliverable D1
Due date of deliverable: February 2009
Actual submission date: April 2009
Start date of the Demonstration mission:Feb 2008
Duration: 36 months
Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: IFREMER
Lead authors for this deliverable: Mathilde Cannat (IPGP), Jérôme Blandin (Ifremer),
Pierre-Marie Sarradin (Ifremer)
Revision [March 2009]
PU
PP
RE
CO
Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006)
Dissemination Level
Public
Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services
Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services)
Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)
X
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
50
50
MOMAR-D - Deliverable D1
50
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
51
51
WP4- Demonstration Missions,
MoMAR-D
D1- MoMARSAT 2010-2011 cruise proposal
M.Cannat (IPGP), J. Blandin (Ifremer), P.M. Sarradin (Ifremer)
Submitted for evaluation in January 2009 to the French Fleet
March 2009
Access restricted to ESONET partners
51
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
52
52
52
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
53
53
PROPOSITION DE CAMPAGNE A LA MER IFREMER - IPEV – IRD
FLOTTE OCEANOGRAPHIQUE
APPEL D’OFFRES 2010 et 2011
Nom des campagnes : MoMARSAT 1 & 2
Nom du chef de mission principal : Mathilde Cannat
Fiche synthétique n°1
Fiche synthétique n°2
Abstract
Modifications du dossier, évaluation 2008
Document 1
Document 2
Document 3
Document 4
Document 5
Document 6
Document 7
Document 8
Fiches de valorisation
ATOS
MoMARETO
SudAçores
SWIR
SISMOMAR
Graviluck
BBMoMAR
MoMAR08-leg1
1
2
6
7
9
25
33
38
41
47
48
52
54
60
70
72
75
80
84
88
53
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
54
54
54
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
55
55
FICHE SYNTHETIQUE N°1
MoMARSAT
Date de rédaction du dossier : JANVIER 2009
Années demandées :
2010 et 2011
Durée des travaux (hors transits
port-zone de travail) :
Chef de mission
Coordinateur
Chef de mission
N°2
Chef de mission
N°3
Mathilde Cannat
Jérôme Blandin
Pierre-Marie Sarradin
CNRS
Ifremer
Ifremer
IPG Paris
TSI
DEEP
Tour 14 5ème étage
4 pl. Jussieu
75252 Paris cedex O5
BP 70
29280 Plouzané
BP 70
29280 Plouzané
01 44275192
02 98 22 46 88
02 98 22 46 72
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
21 jours et 22 jours
Période (si impératif) :
Mai – Août
Zone :
Ride médio Atlantique, 37°17N
Pays dont les eaux territoriales
sont concernées :
Portugal
Pays dont la zone économique
est concernée :
Portugal
Equipes scientifiques et techniques embarquées
IPGP
Ifremer – TSI et DEEP
LOCEAN – UPMC
OMP-LMGT
Labo chimie marine (IUEM/UBO)
UAç (Portugal)
U. Lisbonne (Portugal)
NOC (UK)
Univ. Bremen (Ge)
MARUM (Ge)
Océanopolis (Fr)
Travaux :
Démonstration de mise en place d’un observatoire fond de mer
pluridisciplinaire sur le champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike
Plongées Victor.
Acquisition de données associée à l’étude temporelle.
Navire(s) souhaité(s) par ordre de préférence :
Pourquoi pas ? (Atalante)
Engin(s) sous-marin(s) :
Victor
Gros équipements :
2 Nœuds Seamon et une bouée de transmission de données BOREL, OBSs
Nécessité d’une campagne pour récupération d’engins ?
Oui, Ce dossier présente la mise en place des équipements en 2010 et leur
récupération en 2011.
Type de campagne :
Equipes scientifiques et techniques à terre
Les mêmes + IUEM-UBO, Ifremer – GM, et les autres
intervenants du NoE ESONET (European Seas Observatory
Network) pour intégration des résultats scientifiques et
techniques à l’échelle du réseau.
Recherche scientifique et technologique
Thème de la campagne :
Démonstration de mise en place et fonctionnement durant 12 mois d’un observatoire fond de mer pluridisciplinaire non câblé sur le
champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike
Cette proposition s’inscrit dans une série de campagnes :
OUI
Si oui nom du programme ou du chantier : MoMAR
Année de démarrage : 2005
Année prévue de fin : > 2012
Cette proposition est rattachée à des programmes nationaux ou internationaux avec comité scientifique :
OUI
Si oui lesquels : ESONET NoE, ANR-DEEP OASES, chantier INSU-Ifremer MoMAR, GDR ECCHIS, SENSEnet MCRTN,
HERMIONE
Envoyer une copie de ce dossier de proposition de campagne aux responsables des programmes concernés
S’agit-il d’une première demande ? : NON, présentation en 2007 –Non Retenue / en 2008 –Priorité 2a
Le rapport d’évaluation 2008 est inclus en annexe ainsi qu’une brève explication des modifications effectuées.
55
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
56
56
MoMARSAT
FICHE SYNTHETIQUE N°2
Estimation du coût du navire et des engins et de leur financement
Types de coûts
Coût de fonctionnement du
temps navire
Coût de la mise en œuvre
des engins sous-marins
Coût de la mise en oeuvre
des autres engins lourds
Coût total
Coûts en Euros
60KE * 51 jrs / 3 ME
Sources et niveaux des
financements assurés sur
projet (ANR, EU …)
0
20KE * 51 jrs /1 ME
0
-
-
Sources et niveaux des
financements envisagés
sur projet (ANR, EU …)
4 ME
Pour compléter ce tableau contacter selon le navire demandé : [email protected] ou [email protected] ou
[email protected]
Evaluation des frais directement à la charge de l’équipe demandeuse et de
leur financement
Types de coûts
Frais de préparation de la
campagne (missions
préparatoires, équipement à
acquérir, développements,
consommables, ….)
Frais de missions (voyages +
séjour) des membres de
l’équipe embarquant
Frais d’acquisition de
nouveaux matériels, contrat,
sous-traitance
Frais de transport du matériel
propre à la campagne
Frais d’analyse et de
dépouillement à terre
Autres frais (ex : chien de
garde pour sismique)
Coût total
Coûts en Euros
Sources de Financement
assurées et/ou envisagées
400 KE
ESONET, ANRMOHTESIEM, INSUMoMAR, Ifremer et instituts
européens partenaires
100 KE (66 participants hors ESONET, INSU-Soutien
PT x 1.5 KE)
campagne, Ifremer et
instituts européens
partenaires
250 KE
45 KE
ESONET, INSU-Soutien
campagne, Ifremer et
instituts européens
partenaires
100 KE
Navette RV Archipelago
ESONET
21 KE
916 KE
Niveau de financement
100%
100%
100%
Demandes à soumettre
après programmation
20% acquis et demandes à
soumettre après
programmation
100%
Demandes en cours
Voir fiche détaillant les montants en Annexe
Les sources de financement envisagées.
Cette demande de campagne se situe dans le cadre du projet MoMAR-Demo soumis à l’appel d’offre
« demonstration missions » du NoE ESONET (A. Colaço et P.M. Sarradin). La plupart des équipes participantes
sont membres d’instituts partenaires de ce NoE. La décision de financement nous attribue 500 K€. Cette somme
permettra de couvrir la plus grande partie du développement technique nécessaire, ainsi que les coûts de
fonctionnement des différents instruments et une partie des frais d’analyse des données.
Les laboratoires et instituts des équipes participantes (appartenant à 4 pays européens) assureront les salaires
des personnels, le transport des équipes et du matériel, ainsi que les complément des frais de développement
technique et d’analyse des données.
L’étude de la dynamique temporelle de Tour Eiffel pourra être financée pour partie par l’ANR DEEP OASES. Les
aspects
du projet
qui concernent
le développement de capteurs biogéochimiques adaptés aux environnements
MOMAR-D
- Deliverable
D1
56
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
57
57
hydrothermaux sous-marins seront soutenus par le futur réseau Marie Curie SENSEnet. Les aspects écologie du
projet MoMARSAT recoupent certains objectifs du projet HERMIONE(suite au projet HERMES ; appel d’offre FP7
call ENV.2008.2.2.1.2. Deep-Sea ecosystems). Les participants impliqués viennent de Ifremer, IMAR et NOC.
HERMIONE, coordonné par P. Weaver du NOCS, est en cours de signature.
Pour la France, certains aspects du projet seront ou pourront en outre être soutenus par :
• Le programme « GEODE » de l’Ifremer (Y. Fouquet),
• Le soutien INSU au chantier MoMAR,
• La ligne INSU-Soutien aux campagnes pour le transport de matériel et des personnels embarquants.
• Le GDR ECCHIS.
57
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
58
58
Financial information on the MoMAR-D proposal submitted to ESONET in September 07
The budget requested from ESONET was 600 k€, but ESONET reduced its funding to 500 k€.
Partner
Personal
cost *
15
UAc-DOP
Univ. Lisb.
IPGP
Equipment
K€
4 OBS
Hardware for SEAMON connexion
2 autonomous pressure probes,
15 autonomous T°C probes,
1 OBS, 1 BBOBS, 1 GPS station
140
30
300
108
FBG system
26
60
22
OMP-LMTG
Univ. Bremen
30
Mn/Fe sensors
Pressure housing and electronics
N/A
Sensors
MARUM
37
CTD/ADCP
40
20
NOC
15
LOCEAN
Ifremer**
227
Spare sensors and parts
Connectors, Adapters Wet mateable
TEMPO
Borel Buoy
2 SEAMON nodes
Oceanopolis
IUEM/UBO
Centro Vulcal.
50
14
100
90
100
Consumables
k€
Consumables
Energy
Software interface
Mechanical interfaces
Spare sensors
Consumables
Energy
Optical, electronic, and
fluidic elements
Reagents and standards
Spares
Chemicals, analysis
Frame, buoyancy, ..
Energy
Interfaces
Energy
Consumables
2.5
50
6
3
10
5
20
25
7
7
18
35
5
7
3.5
2
Software interface
Mechanical interfaces
Consumables
Biofouling, optics
Data management
Public outreach
Energy
Video interface
Consumables Outreach
Consumables
48
37
15
20
15
13
14
30
6
12
Travel
K€
Ship days***
Meetings / cruises
Meetings
8
6
13
6
Arquipelago
Freight
Meetings,
integration
Cruises
3 meetings
Meetings,
Cruises
Meetings,
Cruises
Meetings
Cruises
Meetings,
Freight
Cruise
Meeting + cruise
Meeting + cruise
Meetings
K€
Total
21
46.5
196
ESONET
contribution k€
39
37
413
92
266
24
66
13
102
50
87
25
8
7
2164.5
10
43.2
4
3 364.2
151
8
8
4
500
7
4
6
5
5
3
1.5
3
3
30
32
28.5
4
5
4
Pourquoi pas?
Victor
860
440
Archipelago
28
Total
Yellow cells indicate that the equipment is available and will be provided by the partners.
* Only the technical personnel cost necessary for the project are required in the ESONET contribution
** The budget required by Ifremer takes into account the deployment of the infrastructure.
*** Ship days : 3 shuttles with the Arquipelago, 2 cruises of 20 days with the Pourquoi pas and Victor 6000 and shiptime to moor the OBS array.
58
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
59
59
59
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
60
60
RESUME - ABSTRACT
MoMARSAT
Abstract
The MoMAR (Monitoring the Mid Atlantic Ridge) initiative aims at providing multidisciplinary time-series data sets
for hydrothermal systems in the Azores region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
MoMAR is a component of the ESONET project (European Seafloor Observatory Network). The ESONET Network
of Excellence (NoE, coordinated by R. Person, Ifremer) was launched by the EC in March 2007. The MoMARDemo project is partly funded by ESONET and concerns the 1 year deployment of an acoustically-linked
multidisciplinary observing system at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field, with satellite connection to shore.
MoMARSAT 1 and 2 are the cruises planned to implement this MoMAR-Demo project. These ROV cruises, one in
2010 and one in 2011, will deploy, then recover, the acoustically-linked multidisciplinary observing system.
Lucky Strike is a large hydrothermal field in the center of one of the most volcanically active segments of the MidAtlantic Ridge. Monitoring therefore offers the best chance of capturing evidence for volcanic events, and for
interactions between faulting, magmatism, hydrothermal circulations and their impact on the ecosystem at a slowspreading mid-ocean ridge. Our project addresses five main themes and their links : seismicity and hydrothermal
activity, vertical deformation of the seafloor, chemical fluxes at Lucky Strike vents, ecology at Lucky Strike vents,
and physical oceanography.
We plan to use the SEAMON technology, with two nodes acoustically linked to a surface buoy that will ensure
satellite communication to a land base station. This system has been developed during the ASSEM-EC project and
successfully tested since. Specific solutions will be developped with our ESONET partners for sensor
interoperability, shore-sensor interactive communication, and data management and dissemination.
This observatory infrastructure will acquire a synchronized multidisciplinary data set, a subset of which will be
transmitted to shore in near real time (images of the seafloor, pressure and tilt at seafloor, a subset of fluid
chemistry and seismicity data). The rest of the data (fluid chemistry, temperature, oceanographic data, OBS data,
microbiological experiments) will be stored locally over the one year duration of the experiment. We will also
acquire punctual measurements, and fluid and biological samples, during the 2010 and 2011 cruises.
The near real time data will allow us to detect seismic, volcanic or hydrothermal events. We will have the capability
to respond to these events by changing sampling rates on some of our sensors, and, if needed, by mobilizing a
ship of opportunity.
The study area belongs to the portuguese ZEE and is part of a planned OSPAR “Marine Protected Area”.
60
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
61
61
Modifications du dossier par rapport à la version soumise en 2008.
La structure du projet reste la même. Il y a peu de changements dans les participants. La stratégie
d’instrumentation est inchangée. La stratégie de la première campagne (MoMARSAT 2010) est
cependant modifiée puisque nous ne sommes plus dans la position de devoir coordonner cette
campagne avec Bathyluck. Toutes les composantes du projet se retrouvent donc dans la même
campagne ce qui simplifie le plan de campagne et devrait répondre à la remarque #3 du rapport
d’évaluation (reproduit en page suivante). Il en résulte un allongement de quelques jours de la durée sur
zone demandée.
Remarquons à ce sujet que cette complexité dans notre dossier de 2008 résultait directement du retard
d’un an du programme de Bathyluck du fait de l’annulation des campagnes de ROV-Nautile sur Lucky
Strike en 2007. Cette annulation (due à divers problèmes techniques de Genavir) a également décalé
d’un an la récupération des données des premiers capteurs installés sur Lucky Strike en 2006 pendant
les campagnes MoMARETO et GRAVILUCK. Ceci explique, les données n’ayant été récupérées qu’en
été 2008, que la valorisation de ces campagnes puisse être vue comme insuffisante (remarque #5)….
Encore que le nombre d’articles publiés récemment pour ces deux projets soit de notre point de vue loin
d’être négligeable (cf Fiches de Valorisation en fin de dossier).
Il peut être utile de préciser ici que le suivi long terme de la sismicité mené par le projet BBMoMAR a
débuté en 2007 et que les données ont également été récupérée en 2008 (cf Fiche de Valorisation
BBMoMAR en fin de dossier). De ce fait aucun résultat n’est encore publiable.
Les modifications du dossier concernent donc essentiellement sa forme. Nous avons révisée le
Document 1 pour mieux faire apparaître les hypothèses à tester et les paramètres à mesurer (remarque
#1). Nous avons rajouté une figure et des explications illustrant l’importance de la contribution des
données de sismique de SISMOMAR pour la relocalisation prévue de la sismicité et pour la
compréhension générale du contexte des circulations hydrothermales de Lucky Strike (remarque #4).
Remarquons que les 3 thèses soutenues dans les derniers 6 mois sur ces données sont actuellement en
cours de publication (cf Fiche de Valorisation SISMOMAR en fin de dossier).
Nous avons également expliqué pourquoi l’activité magmatique actuelle de Lucky Strike, avérée par la
découverte pendant SISMOMAR d’une probable lentille magmatique, en fait un site exceptionnel pour
l’installation d’un observatoire, et clarifié la stratégie du projet MoMAR qui prévoit également
l’instrumentation du site à substratum ultrabasique Rainbow (ceci pour répondre à une remarque d’un
des reviewers).
Toujours dans le document 1, nous avons clarifié et étoffé la présentation du système SEAMON, des
capteurs à connecter, et de l’état de préparation technique du projet (remarque #2). Nous avons rajouté
deux tableaux des capteurs. L’un dans le Document 1 (§4) concerne tous les capteurs et permet
d’apprécier les développements prévus, l’autre, dans le Document 2 (§5), donne les flux de données
transmises et l’énergie requise pour cette transmission pour chacun des capteurs à connecter.
Enfin, dans le § 3-3 du Document 1, nous clarifions notre stratégie pour ce qui est des capteurs
chimiques (remarque #2). Nous ne dissimulons pas le fait, reconnu dans tous les colloques de
prospective sur les observatoires fond de mer, que peu de capteurs adaptés sont opérationnels pour le
suivi long terme des fluides hydrothermaux profonds. Notre projet vise donc à combiner suivi long terme
avec quelques instruments disponibles, mesures ponctuelles répétées, et développement de quelques
prototypes
prometteurs.
61
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
62
62
Rapport d’évaluation de la campagne : MOMARSAT
Demandeur : Mathilde CANNAT – CNRS IPGP
Navire : Pourquoi pas ? L’Atalante
Engins : Victor
Zone : Atlantique Nord (Azores)
Thème : Démonstration de la viabilité d’un observatoire fond de mer pluridisciplinaire sur la dorsale
Atlantique (Site Momar Sud Azore)
Classement : Prioritaire 2a
Avis de la commission:
Le projet MOMARSAT-D entend déployer un observatoire fond de mer pluridisciplinaire,
non câblé (transmission acoustique puis par satellite) et interactif pour étudier pendant une durée
minimum d’un an, un système volcanique actif à l’axe de la dorsale atlantique et son interaction avec
l’environnement (zone Momar-Lucky strike). Ce projet, soutenu par ESONET (European
Observatory Network), est ambitieux, pluridisciplinaire, et présente une forte composante
technologique. Il a valeur de test pour des observatoires fond de mer, non-câblés.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Comme indiqué par la précédente commission, la problématique scientifique est abordée
en termes très généraux. Le dossier ne contient pas d’hypothèses précises à tester et les différents
prélèvements à effectuer ne sont pas toujours clairement justifiés. La commission considère
néanmoins que l’analyse croisée de séries spatio-temporelles longues de nombreux paramètres
(sismicité, déformation, température et composition chimique des fluides et la dynamique des
écosystèmes hydrothermaux) est porteuse de découvertes qui devraient permettre de mieux
comprendre le couplage entre la dynamique des écosystèmes, les processus tectoniques et
volcaniques, les processus hydrothermaux et les flux thermiques.
La commission s’inquiète cependant des nombreux développements, tests et validations
d’instruments et de connexions restant à effectuer avant la programmation éventuelle de cette
campagne en 2009. En particulier, la commission devra s’assurer que les capteurs géochimiques
seront opérationnels à la date de la campagne . La commission souhaiterait d’autre part, être mieux
informée sur le type et les flux de données à transmettre en temps réel. Pour cela, un tableau
récapitulatif de tous les paramètres à acquérir indiquant leur fréquence d’acquisition, et le volume de
données transmises en temps réel par mode acoustique permettrait de se faire une meilleure idée
de l’ambition et des garanties qu’offre ce projet. La campagne 2009 présente un calendrier
prévisionnel bien ajusté (14 plongées en 19j) pour mener à bien l’installation du dispositif et collecter
les données nécessaires sur chaque site. A ce jour, aucun calendrier précis n’est prévu pour la
campagne 2010 dont l’objet sera essentiellement de récupérer les instruments et d’acquérir des
données complémentaires. Le lien avec la campagne Bathyluck09 n’apparaît pas clairement dans le
dossier. Il est parfois difficile de savoir qui fait quoi et où? Des reconnaissances de sites à
instrumenter ainsi que l’échantillonnage de fluides sur ces sites apparaissent dans les deux
dossiers. Le courrier adressé à la commission par le comité de pilotage ne vient que partiellement
lever certaines ambiguïtés. Il est aussi regrettable que les données OBS de la campagne
SISMOMAR ne soient pas utilisées pour caractériser la structure de la zone d ‘étude.
La valorisation des campagnes précédentes sur le site MOMAR est considérée comme
très inégale, particulièrement en sciences de la terre et doit être une priorité du groupe MOMAR.
Malgré les réserves mentionnées ci-dessus la commission, consciente des enjeux et du
calendrier liés à ESONET, a classé MOMARSAT09 en priorité 2a.
62
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
63
63
DOCUMENT N° 1
MoMARSAT
PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNOLOGIQUE
Section 1 .Context of the proposal
ESONET is an EC Network of Excellence coordinated by R. Person (Ifremer), for the construction of a network
of deep seafloor and water column observatories around Europe. The Azores node of ESONET is dedicated to
the long-term observation of deep sea ecosystems and of active processes related to seismicity, volcanism,
and hydrothermal circulations in the Azores region. It is planned to extend the islands seismic and volcanic
monitoring system offshore, and to provide holistic information concerning hydrothermal and seamount
habitats, essential for the ecosystem-based management of the region. It will also monitor the movements of
deep water masses and the consequences of thermohaline circulation changes in the North Atlantic on climate
and on biodiversity.
MoMAR (“Monitoring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge”) is a
component of the work planned at the Azores node
of ESONET, which focuses on active processes at
ridge hydrothermal systems. Seawater circulates
through the permeable oceanic crust, exchanges
chemicals with the surrounding rocks, and is heated
to temperatures reaching 400°C. This hot fluid flows
up and is expelled at hydrothermal vents, forming
black smokers and diffuse vents. Hydrothermal
circulation at mid-ocean ridges therefore impacts the
transfer of energy and matter from the interior of the
Earth to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere. The
unique faunal communities that develop near the
vents are sustained by chemosynthetic micro
organisms that use reduced chemicals presents in
the hot fluids as energy sources.
Small active chimney, Lucky Strike (MoMARETO 2006)
Environmental instability resulting from active mid-ocean ridge processes (e.g. seismicity) can create changes
in the flux, composition and temperature of emitted hydrothermal fluids and consequently can affect the
associated faunal communities. Existing data lack of the temporal resolution necessary to understand the
natural dynamics of this environment, and, therefore of the global consequences of these processes on the
ecosystems and on the transfer of energy and mass from the Solid Earth to the Ocean.
MoMAR develops a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach whereby small-scale monitoring
experiments, such as chemical and biological recording at individual vents, are nested into larger scale
experiments (such as seismic and geodetic networks). Pilot experiments have been conducted over the
past few years at the MoMAR vent sites, using autonomous instruments. Two large vent fields are of
particular interest, Lucky Strike and Rainbow. The MoMAR-D demonstration mission (led by A. Colaço,
University of the Azores, and P.M. Sarradin, Ifremer) is supported by the ESONET NoE and focuses on
the Lucky Strike field. MoMARSAT 1 and 2 are the cruises planned to implement the MoMAR-D project.
Section 2: The MoMAR study area: setting and summary of previous work
The Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) near the Azores comprises 4 known hydrothermal vent fields, each with its own
specific geological, chemical, hydrothermal, volcanic and biological characteristics (Lucky Strike, Rainbow,
Menez Gwen, and Saldanha; Figure 1). It has been the focus of a great number of cruises in the past few
years, as part, successively, of the FARA program (French-American Ridge Atlantic), the MARFLUX (MAST II
EC program), AMORES and ASIMOV (MAST III EC program) and VENTOX (Framework V), EXOCET/D
(Sarradin et al, 2007) and MoMARNET (Framework VI; Cannat et al.) European projects. Most of these cruises
have been primarily funded through the French system. The geological-geophysical background of the region is
well constrained, as are the general characteristics of the known hydrothermal vents, and the broad diversity of
the associated fauna (in terms of megafauna but not for microbial or meiofauna).
63
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
64
64
Simplified bathymetric map of the MoMAR area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Azores, showing the locations of the
principal hydrothermal vent sites that have been discovered so far in this region. BBOBS8 is location of off-axis NERIES
broad band OBS (BBMoMAR, Crawford et al, 2007, another instrument is set on Lucky Strike volcano). AHA: Autonomous
Hydrophone Array (MARCHE, Goslin et al., 2006).The inset focuses on the Lucky Strike volcano, with a 3D crustal section
based on seismic results (SisMoMAR cruise, Singh et al., 2006). AMC =roof of inferred Axial Magma Chamber; grey star:
hydrothermal vent field. W(E)BF: West (East) Boundary Fault of the axial valley.
Lucky Strike is located at the summit of an axial volcano at 1700m depth. It is underlain by a recentlydiscovered mid-crustal magma chamber (Singh et al., 2006). The site shows sustained levels of microseismicity (Dusunur et al., 2008), and a possible magmatic diking event occurred in 2001 (Dziak et al., 2004).
Recent vent fluid chemistry data (Pester et al., 2008) indicate high CO2 concentrations which could suggest
degassing of a recently emplaced new batch of magma in the melt lens. Lucky Strike is one of the largest
hydrothermal field found along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Over 100 hydrothermal vents surround a relatively flat
lava lake formation (Fouquet et al., 1995; Ondréas et al., in press). Vent fluid temperatures range from 330ºC in
black smokers, to 200-212ºC and even <20ºC in very diffuse emissions (Cooper et al., 2000; Von Damm et al.,
1998). Fluid chemistry indicates two distinct sources for the vents in the area (Charlou et al., 2000), suggesting
complex hydrothermal cell dynamics. While temperatures appear to be very stable over a time scale of a few
years at some vents (i.e., Tour Eiffel, 324±1°C), others show variability of up to 40°C [Statue of Liberty, 202185°C; Sintra, 176-215°C; (Charlou et al., 2000) and personal communication].
Discovered in the nineties (Langmuir et al., 1997), the Lucky Strike vent field has since been the object of many
cruises, addressing its geological and geophysical characteristics (Humphris et al., 2002 ; Miranda et al.,
2005 ; Ondréas et al., 1997, in press; Escartin et al., 2008). The dynamics of water masses in the area has
been extensively surveyed in the summer of 2006 (Graviluck cruise; Thurnherr et al., 2008), showing strong
bottom currents and a clear link between high levels of diapycnal mixing in the abyss and the rough topography
of the axial valley walls.
On most vents, faunal communities are visually dominated
by mussel beds of Bathymodiolus azoricus partially
covered by microbial mats. The vicinity of active hightemperature chimneys, flanges and cracks are colonized
by Chorocaris chacei / M. fortunata shrimp assemblages
(Desbruyères et al. 2001). B. azoricus live in symbiosis
with microbial endosymbionts (sulphide oxidizing- and
methanotrophic bacteria (Fiala Medioni et al., 2002) and
are capable of migrating along sulphide gradients. B.
azoricus seems to be able to use two of the energy
sources present in the hydrothermal fluids (CH4 and H2S)
as well as particulate organic matter through filter feeding.
The faunal assemblages dominated by Bathymodiolus are
present in the cold part of the mixing zone sustained by
Recovery of an O2 optode associated with temperature
limited hydrothermal input (Sarradin et al., 1999).
probes after 12 month, MoMARETO 2006
The first two cruises officially sponsored by MoMAR carried out site survey work, acquiring heat flux
measurements (Luckyflux 2003; Lucazeau et al., 2006), and seismic data (SisMoMAR 2005; Singh et al., 2006;
Crawford et al., in press). Monitoring was initiated in 2005 with the deployment of an Array of Autonomous
Hydrophones (AAH) for regional seismic monitoring (first MARCHE cruise). In 2006, this network was
redesigned for a better coverage of the MoMAR area. It has been maintained twice now (2007, 2008), and 3
years of data have been collected. A thesis and 2 papers are in preparation on the first 2 years of data (Simao,
Goslin et al.). The 3rd year is being processed now, jointly with the first year of recording of the Lucky Strike
OBS network, which is currently operational (check location map in Document 2), and has been operated since
2007 (BBMoMAR).
64
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
65
65
In 2006, the GRAVILUCK (Ballu et al.) and MoMARETO (Sarrazin et al. 2006) cruises deployed two pressure
gauges, an oceanographic mooring, and the TEMPO module (video camera, chemical analyzer, temperature
probes connected to a SEAMON node) on Lucky Strike. These autonomous instruments could unfortunately
not be serviced in 2007, due to the cancellation of the MoMAR ROV cruises to Lucky Strike. The instruments
were finally recovered last summer (MoMAR2008-Leg1 cruise) in variable states of corrosion (new pressure
probes were then deployed for one more year of recording). Recovered data include one year of oceanographic
data and of pressure probe recording, 45 days of video sequences, 18 months of fluid temperature, and 6
months of fluid chemistry (TdFe). We are now processing these data, and assessing the state of each
instrument in view of their redeployment during MoMARSAT. Details on this may be found in Section 4.
As we write these lines, long (> 1 month) time-series data collected at the MoMAR sites therefore include : the
regional seismicity record (AHA array): 2005-2008, the OBS record at Lucky Strike: 2007-2008, and the
pressure probe, oceanographic and ecology data listed above (recovered in 2008). All of these data, except the
first 2 years of AHA recording, were collected less than 5 months ago and are being processed now.
The Bathyluck09 cruise (PIs J. Escartin-A. Deschamp) scheduled in the summer of 2009 will carry out
additional site survey, service the OBS array and the pressure probes, deploy temperature probes and perform
fluid sampling in venting areas.
Further information on the MoMAR cruises may be found on http://www.momarfr.org.
Section 3: Scientific objectives and experimental design of the
MoMARSAT / MoMAR-D project
Lucky Strike is at present one of the most magmatically active segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). This
is important because magmatic activity at slow-spreading ridges is known to be episodic, with short periods of
eruptions, and longer periods of faulting of the newly emplaced lava. The duration of these periods is not well
constrained, but crustal melt bodies which can produce eruptions have so far only been detected
unambiguously in two segments of the MAR: Lucky Strike, and one segment South of Iceland (Sinha et al.,
1997). This suggests that volcanic activity may last only a small fraction of the time (a few hundred thousand
years) it takes to build the crust at the MAR axial valley. Capturing this short, but critical period is the principal
asset of Lucky Strike as a monitoring site. The presence of magma in the crust, near seismically imaged normal
faults (Figure below), and in association with high temperature hydrothermal discharge, offers a unique
opportunity to study the feed-backs between volcanism, deformation, seismicity, and hydrothermalism, and to
understand how the hydrothermal fauna (including microbes) couples dynamically with these sub-surface
processes.
Basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems such as Lucky Strike are powerful component of the heat exchange
machine at slow-spreading ridges. The other component is ultramafic-hosted systems such as Rainbow, where
detachment faults leading to mantle exhumation probably control hydrothermal circulation. The present
proposal focuses on Lucky Strike as one element of this complex slow-spreading ridge system. The
technological achievements of the MoMARsat experiment will be directly transferable to future monitoring of
Rainbow-type vents, which is an integral part of the MoMAR plan.
Experiments planned at Lucky Strike belong to 5 thematic packages exploring the dynamics of the geosphere,
its impact on the characteristics of the hydrothermal fluid (temperature and composition), and on the associated
fauna and finally the exchange with the ocean. Each of these have been addressed to some extent in previous
cruises and funded projects of the MoMAR “chantier”, through the deployment of autonomous sensors or
temporally limited site studies. The MoMARSAT-MoMAR-Demo pilot experiment will represent a significant
step towards effective integration of these multidisciplinary experiments in a coordinated seafloor observatory
design. The Hydro-MoMAR or MARCHE 3 cruise proposal submitted by J. Perrot and J. Goslin for
maintenance of the regional hydrophone array in 2010-2011 has strong links with MoMAR-Demo because it
will, if funded, allow us to reinforce our interpretation of local seismicity at Lucky Strike (see § 3.1).
3.1 Thematic Package 1: Seismicity and hydrothermal activity
Hydrothermal circulations are primarily controlled by the permeability structure of the substratum, and by the
distribution of heat sources. Mid ocean ridges, and particularly slow-spreading ones, are active extensional
areas. A long-standing hypothesis (e.g. Wilcock and Delaney, 1996) is that cracks, fissures and faults play a
major role to control the spatial and temporal evolution of permeabilities, while magma emplacement within the
crust controls the distribution of heat sources. Based on seismic imaging (see Figure below with the eastern
axial valley bounding fault imaged at depth very near the axial melt lense), Lucky Strike appears as an
excellent place in which to test this hypothesis.
Cracking and displacements along faults are expressed by seismicity. Magmatic events such as dyking, and
other forms of magma displacement within the crust may also trigger seismicity. Tectonic and magmatic
seismic events have specific characteristics, particularly in terms of the stochastic distribution of magnitudes.
65
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
66
66
Seismic monitoring of hydrothermal fields and their surroundings is therefore an efficient method to monitor the
tectonic and magmatic events that likely control hydrothermal dynamics. Changes in the dynamics of
hydrothermal circulation, on the other hand, are expected to result in variations in the temperature and
chemistry of vent fluids. Statistical correlation between variations of the vent fluids, and seismic activity is
expected if seismicity does play a role to maintain high permeabilities, allowing for hydrothermal circulation at
and near the faults which connect to the crustal melt lens. Relocation of seismic events will also allow us to
refine our understanding of the links between specific seismic sources (e.g. the eastern boundary fault in the
figure below, or the inferred domain of high temperaure gradient surrounding the low velocity domain of Lucky
Strike volcanoe), and the hydrothermal convective system.
Evidently, we expect complexities in this signal, revealing the complexities of fluid upflow paths, and of
processes in the hydrothermal reaction zone. The link between seismicity and vent fluid temperatures has been
used before as a powerful constraint on numerical models of the permeability distribution at hydrothermal sites
in the Pacific (Sohn et al., 1998; Wilcock, 2004). We plan to adopt a similar monitoring and modelling approach
at Lucky Strike. A comparable combined temperature/seismicity experiment has been carried out over a one
year deployment at the TAG hydrothermal field, a Mid-Atlantic Ridge vent field located above a detachment
fault (Sohn, 2007a ; 2007b).
The experimental design for this thematic package consists in arrays of OBSs (Ocean Bottom Seismometers),
and of temperature (T) probes to monitor fluid temperature. Lucky Strike is a large vent field and it is important
to be able to check whether the variations detected affect fluids throughout the area, or just locally. Off the shelf
autonomous temperature probes are cheap and reliable. This, and the paucity of operational chemical sensors
(see §3.3), justifies our choice of temperature as the parameter to monitor at this wider scale. We plan to
examine the link between temperature time series and chemical signature of the fluids obtained locally using
chemical sensors (see §3.3) and discrete fluid sampling.
The local seismicity record will be processed to determine hypocenter locations and to model magnitude and
focal mechanisms. Excellent characterization of near site seismic velocity structure is available for this purpose
from the SisMOMAR cruise (Seher et al., in prep; Crawford et al., in press; Figure below). We have so far
processed only 6 days of passive seismic data (in between shooting times of the SISMOMAR cruise). It
suggests that strong temperature gradients, indicative of hydrothermal cooling, surround the axial melt body.
The full year of data collected this past summer (BBMoMAR2 cruise) will help to refine this preliminary picture.
Interpretation will be reinforced by integrating these local data with the regional hydrophone seismicity record
(Hydro-MoMAR or MARCHE 3 cruise proposal submitted by J. Perrot and J. Goslin). The Lucky Strike OBS
network does not have the coverage to locate events more than 10 km away from the volcano summit (see
location map in Document 2). Event relocation with the AHA array has a low resolution and no depth constrain,
but covers >300 km of ridge length north and south of Lucky Strike. It will therefore be used to understand the
regional distribution of seismicity, and to determine whether or not a seismic event recorded at the Lucky Strike
volcano belongs to a swarm of seismicity extending off the volcano, which typically would be the case for
seismicity linked to dike injection events. Tidal forcing on fluid temperatures will also be analyzed, and modeled
in terms of crustal permeability (Schultz and Elderfield, 1997).
Section across the Lucky Strike segment centre and
volcanoe, showing SISMOMAR seismic velocity model,
seismic reflectors, and the relocated earthquakes detected
over a 6-day period (black are within plane of section, grey
are to the north or south). No vertical exaggeration. Red line
shows top of melt lense. The low velocity region underneath
is inferred to contain a small fraction of melt (Seher et al., in
prep.). One deep earthquake occurred within one km of this
low velocity region indicating that lateral thermal gradients
are high. Dashed red line shows inferred melt solidus
(~1100°C isotherm). Blue arrows show inferred
hydrothermal flow paths (from Dusunur et al.,2008).
Work on this thematic package is ongoing with the Lucky Strike OBS network (BBMoMAR cruises; PI W.
Crawford; location in Document 2), and with the temperature sensors funded by the MoHTESIEM ANR (PI J.
Escartin) which will be deployed during the BATHYLUCK cruise this summer (2009). MoMARSAT will maintain
these networks of autonomous instruments for one more year (2010-2011).
For MoMARSAT, the experimental design will include ~25 autonomous low (<100°C) and high T sensors
(<400°C) deployed in vents throughout the study area. A small number of low T probes at diffuse venting areas
will be connected to the SEAMON system and data sent to shore on a near-real time basis. The MoMARSAT
experimental design also includes 4 autonomous short period OBSs from the University of Lisbon (with Guralp
sensors and SEND stations), and 4 short period OBSs from the Parc National INSU. These autonomous OBSs
66
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
67
67
will be deployed around the Lucky Strike volcano, complementing the autonomous Broad-band OBS station
operated since 2007 (NERIES program; Pis Crawford and Singh; see location figure in Document 2). In
addition, one modified OBS (IPGP) will be connected to the SEAMON system and will transmit a subset of the
seismic data via satellite. In the ongoing MoMAR-D preparation phase, solutions for data sampling adapted to
our event detection needs are investigated. These solutions involve counting events which have amplitudes
above a set of fixed thresholds, which will be chosen using the local seismicity record acquired in 2007-2008.
Our objective with this SEAMON-connected instrument is to obtain near-real time information on the level and
intensity of seismic activity to serve as a guide for our strategy of shore-sensors interactions (ex: increase
sampling rate of fluid chemical sensors or video camera in the event of a seismic crisis).
This experiment will use off the shelf technology but requires some work to adapt the modified OBS for
SEAMON connection and for deployment by ROV. We will use a standard 3-axis short period instrument, with
one processor for data acquisition and storage into the hard drive. A Persistor micro processor is added to
interface the SEAMON monitoring node. This interface has been used during the ASSEM EC experiment and is
currently being adapted to the OBS specifications.
3.2 Thematic Package 2: Deformation of the seafloor at the Lucky Strike volcano
Vertical deformation on active terrestrial volcanoes varies with the type of volcano and with its state in the
eruptive cycle. Surface deformation and mass movements are used at terrestrial volcanoes as powerful
constraints on models of magmatic and tectonic processes (e.g. Poland, 2006). In a seafloor spreading context,
strong extensional tectonics are superimposed on these volcanic cycles. The deformation of active volcanoes
in non-marine spreading rift contexts is often in the order of a few centimeters per year, as seen for instance in
Iceland (Jouanne et al., 2006; Sturkell et al., 2006). It can, however, also be of the order of 1 meter or more, in
dyke injection crisis such as the recent one in Ethiopia (Kendall et al., 2005), or the 1978 crisis in the Asal rift
(Ruegg et al., 1979). The tectonic setting at Lucky Strike presents many similarities with that of the EthiopianAfar rift system.
The primary hypothesis we wish to test is that vertical motions at a volcanically active mid-ocean ridge could
have the same order of magnitude. We also plan to investigate the links between these vertical motions and
tectonic and hydrothermal activity by integrating vertical ground motion information with seismic data, and with
fluid temperature and chemical data (Thematic Packages 1 and 3).
The MoMARSAT experimental design comprises 2 autonomous
pressure sensors, which have been deployed at Lucky Strike in 2006
(GRAVILUCK; PI V. Ballu), then recovered and replaced in 2008
(MoMAR2008-Leg 1). These instruments are set at the base and
summit of the Lucky Strike volcano (see location map in Document 2) to
monitor its deformation by a differential analysis. In addition, we plan to
perform a second measurement of the linear array of 10 geodetic
benchmarks (also on location map in Document 2), which has been
deployed and measured for the first time in 2006. Geodetic results on
terrestrial volcanoes indicate that ground deformation tends to be non
linear with time. Our permanent pressure gauges will allow us to assess
this variability at two locations, while the geodetic network links the two
pressure probes and should detect vertical displacements of the order of
1 cm (Ballu et al., 2008).
Pressure sensor deployed on the Lucky
Strike lava lake (Graviluck 2006)
The volcano summit pressure gauge will be connected to the SEAMON system for near real time data
transmission. This will require only minor work, because the gauge has been designed initially for connection to
this node during the ASSEM EC project. We will also collect data from an autonomous GPS station installed on
the BOREL buoy, in order to get the best continuous estimate of the sea surface height above the volcano. This
will be obtained after kinematic processing of the data, using a land based GPS station in the Azores. A series
of temperature sensors along the mooring line of the BOREL buoy (see § 3.5 Physical oceanography) will be
used to convert the sea level variations (buoy vertical movements) into pressure changes and to discriminate in
the pressure signal a vertical motion from a sea level change.
Finally, pressure data will be complemented by seafloor tilt and vertical acceleration data acquired with the
OBM (Ocean Bottom Motion meter) of the University of Bremen. This instrument is an integration of existing
parts of the Bremen Ocean Bottom Tiltmeter and the Bremen Ocean Bottom Accelerometer (OBA), which have
been deployed for a year at the Logatchev hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fabian and
Villinger, 2008). The OBM to be used in Lucky Strike also includes a high resolution absolute pressure-gauge
and a temperature data logger. It will monitor long-term sea floor deformations caused by quasi-static
processes like tectonics, magmatics, hydrothermal activity or slow mass movements nearby. The data will be
67
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
68
68
collected by a low-power high-resolution data logger. Data will be stored locally. We will also investigate
technical solutions to send a subset of these data through the SEAMON system.
3.3 Thematic Package 3: Chemical fluxes at Lucky Strike vents
The behavior of chemical species in hot hydrothermal fluid end-members provides critical information on the
conditions of fluid rock interactions in the hydrothermal cell (e.g. Charlou et al. 1991). These are susceptible to
change with time, due to geological processes (volcanism, tectonics, thematic package 1), or to instabilities
inherent to the hydrothermal convective system (Baker et al. 1995). Our planned experimental design aims at a
good integration between fluid characteristics and their evolution through time at the scale of the vent field (~1
km2) on the one hand, and the ecological approach developed at the scale of a few meters at the Tour Eiffel
vent site (in § 3.4) on the other hand.
The difficulty in this thematic package resides in the current lack of reliable sensors for long-term recording of
the most critical chemical parameters in deep sea hydrothermal fluids, such as chlorinity, H2S, silica, methane,
CO2 or hydrogen content. This limits the potential of chemical time series data for testing hypothesis pertaining
to both the small scale of vent habitats, and the larger scale dynamics of hydrothermal convection (e.g. is
phase separation (brine and vapor) an active mechanism? can we trace the nature of the reacted rocks and
how does it vary with time and from vent to vent?).
This difficulty is clearly expressed in the most recent documents generated by the seafloor observatory
research communities. It justifies the recent funding of the SENSEnet EC Marie Curie Network (PI D. Connelly)
which will promote development and testing of new chemical and biochemical sensors adapted to the
monitoring of fluid-controlled deep sea ecosystems. The experiment we plan will receive support from this
newly funded network, and be carried out through a collaboration of 3 active European teams. Despite its
limitations, this experiment should provide original documentation on the links which may exist between seismic
activity and fluid chemistry (§3.1), and between fluid chemistry and faunal distribution at Lucky Strike. Our
strategy will combine the use of the few available long term sensors, with fluid sampling and with discrete
chemical measurements during the two MoMARSAT cruises (2010 and 2011), enriched by the data obtained
during the Bathyluck-2009 cruise. We will also promote testing of new sensors.
For the future, we believe that having access to an operational multidisciplinary deep seafloor observatory
infrastructure such as the MoMARSAT SEAMON system will be a significant asset for developers of much
needed new long-term chemical sensors.
We will also deploy an in situ chemical analyser developed at NOC (Southampton) for the measurement of Fe
and Mn species. This continuous flow analyser will complement data from the CHEMINI Fe, T and O2 sensors.
CHEMINI is a component of the TEMPO module, which we plan to redeploy (it was deployed as an
autonomous sensor package during the MoMARETO cruise in 2006, and recovered in 2008), and connect to
the Tour Eifel SEAMON node.
The NOC Fe/Mn analyser has been deployed in Scottish sea lochs
(Statham et al. 2005) and in a hydrothermal setting aboard the
WHOI AUV “Abe” where it was successfully used in plume tracking
and vent location. Under the MoMAR-D project, two duplicate
devices will be manufactured. New electronics will provide
enhanced autonomous operation (e.g. data logging and self
calibration), and will be interfaced directly with the SEAMON node.
Methods for long term operation (e.g. reagent stability
enhancement, improved in situ calibration and fouling reduction
techniques) will be developed – previous deployments have all
been of short duration. The long term deployment of these sensors
is novel, and particularly so in a hydrothermal setting.
In situ measurements in Eiffel Tower vent, Lucky Strike
Other biogeochemical sensors are under development at NOC and, if they pass further trials, will be deployed
at Lucky Strike. Most promising is a dissolved Methane sensor (Boulart et al. 2008) developed as part of the
MoMARnet project. The detection method is based on refractive index modulation of a modified polymer
incorporating molecules of cryptophane-A, which have selective and reversible affinity for methane. The
refractive index is determined by surface Plasmon resonance with a limit of detection of 0.2 nM and a range of
1-300 nM. The MoMAR-D work plan for 2009 will focus on the optimization of this sensor (response time, noise,
and stability), the adaptation of the electronics, and the calibration under different ranges of pressure and
temperature. For the first MoMARSAT cruise, we expect to have a prototype which may be deployed for the
duration of the cruise, or used for mapping on the ROV.
We will also perform repeated sampling of the hot vent and diffuse fluids and analyze their composition (traces
and major elements, stable and radiogenic isotopic ratios, gases) on board the ship or back on shore
68
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
69
69
depending on the elements. We will focus on 5 vent sites of the Lucky Strike field (Tour Eiffel, Nuno, Y3, Statue
of Liberty and the vents near Pressure Gauge 1; see location map in Document 2) previously visited during the
Bathyluck cruise in 2009. These sites will also be equiped with autonomous temperature probes (thematic
package 1). Time-series data from the connected and autonomous sensors and geochemical data on discrete
fluid samples will be analyzed jointly in order to link the variability in hydrothermal fluid composition with other
parameters, and particularly fluid temperature, and seismicity .
To improve the link between the vent site-scale approach described above, and the meter-scale approach of
the ecology experiment (§3.4), we will deploy and test an innovative fibre optic temperature sensors array,
based on Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology. This temperature sensor system will allow us to
monitor fine scale variations in fluid temperatures, actual fluid chemistry being monitored at discrete locations
within the array. This will allow us to address the important question of whether (or at which scale) temperature
may be used as a proxy for fluid chemistry in fluid-controlled deep sea environments. Distributed
oceanographic temperature sensing using FBGs has precedent (Campbell et al., 2000; Mowlem M, 2002) but
use in hydrothermal applications is novel. For this pilot study, we will deploy a single, ~10 m-long, fiber optic
cable including the temperature sensors based on FBGs. We will purchase an “off the shelf” interrogation unit
from Smart Fibres Ltd. After laboratory based trials and calibration (including testing of sensors at pressure),
the interrogation unit will be housed in a suitable pressure vessel, with electronics, energy supply and data
logger.
3.4 Thematic Package 4: Ecology at Lucky Strike vents
Deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems are extreme habitats, driven by microbial chemosynthesis and
characterized by strong endemism. They harbour faunal assemblages dominated by complex animal
communities associating microbial producers and secondary consumers that have co-evolved in a constraining
environment. Several studies have shown that hydrothermal communities are shaped by dynamic, small- and
large-scale geological processes which vary substantially in time and space. The spatial distribution of the
fauna can be linked to fluid characteristics including concentrations of chemicals (methane, sulphide, metals)
and fluid flow, to the type of substratum and also, to water depth (Sarradin et al. 1999; Sarrazin et al. 1999,
2002, Desbruyères et al. 2000, Le Bris et al. 2003, Sarradin et al. 2007, Cuvelier et al. submitted).
Hydrothermal faunal communities also exhibit significant temporal changes that are linked to the temporal
variability of their habitats and the ephemeral nature of energy sources (Sarrazin et al. 1997, Shank 1998).
Most questions related to the dynamics of these ecosystems and their couplings to geosphere-hydrosphere
processes remain unanswered due to the lack of long-term, simultaneous observations.
Edifice scale
Our recent studies on MAR faunal assemblages have been focussed on describing and characterizing the
structure, distribution and habitat of different species at the scale of the Tour Eiffel hydrothermal edifice. This
11m edifice is colonized by different faunal assemblages, visibly dominated by either Bathymodiolus mussels or
Mirocaris shrimps. Their spatial distribution appears to follow a systematic pattern on the entire sulphide
structure. We want to understand what controls this distribution: is it simply linked to environmental cues such
as distance from hydrothermal emissions, or is there a temporal succession pattern (Cuvelier et al. submitted)?
We are now looking at year-to-year variations to assess the dynamics of these faunal assemblages, using
video imagery acquired during several cruises (1994-2008, Cuvelier et al. in prep).
Small scale
The semi-quantitative study of 12 small sampling units located on the Tour Eiffel edifice (Sarrazin et al. in prep.;
Exomar and MoMARETO cruises 2005, 2006) has demonstrated significant differences of environmental
factors, and of the composition, diversity and biomass. Two distinct « assemblages » dominate our samples:
low-temperature (mean ∼4-7°C) Bathymodiolus/polychaete assemblages and medium temperature Mirocaris
fortunata assemblages (mean ∼ 7°-12°C, Sarrazin et al. in prep). A gradient of chemicals (CH4, total dissolved
Fe, pH, total dissolved H2S) is documented in each sampling unit, corresponding to the mixing of the hot fluids
with cold seawater. Dissolved copper follows a peculiar behaviour: a significant enrichment is observed in the
cold part of the mussel habitats, resulting from the oxidative dissolution of copper sulphide particles in the
anoxic / oxic transition zone (Sarradin et al. 2009). Our data also stress that the isotopic composition of some
dominant macrofaunal species vary at the scale of a single structure (de Busseroles et al. accepted with
revisions), highlighting the complexity of the trophic chain (Colaço et al, 2002). Overall, the food web structure
of the Tour Eiffel hydrothermal edifice shows small-scale variations that can be attributable to variations in local
food source availability, to environmental conditions or to specific feeding strategies. A strong relationship was
observed between δ13C and δ15N isotope signatures and environmental conditions for certain species (B.
azoricus, B. seepensis, Mirocaris fortunata, Protolira valvatoides). Our present working hypothesis is that vent
fluid characteristics influence microbial production at small spatial scales and thus represent key factors in the
variation of local carbon sources at vents (De Busserolles et al. accepted with revisions).
Temporal studies
The temperature and chemical data collected so far at Tour Eiffel suggest that temperature is a good proxi to
describe the chemical conditions (CH4, dissolved Fe, pH, H2S, O2) at the scale of the low temperature vent
69
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
70
70
habitats. Consequently, temperature measurements were used to assess the short term (the studies carried
out during the Exomar and MoMARETO cruises have not exceeded 5 days) variability of environmental factors
in our twelve sampling units. The results show that temperature variability is different in the different faunal
assemblages. We have also identified common periods of variations between temperature probes deployed in
different sampling units, suggesting an influence of regional (currents, tides) and local (turbulence, vent fluid
flow, etc.) hydrodynamic processes on faunal distribution (Brind’Amour et al. in prep.). Longer time-series are
required to link faunal characteristics with other larger-scale fundamental processes such as tectonics,
seismicity, or volcanic activity.
The dynamics of the fauna and environmental factors at Tour Eiffel were assessed during the MoMARETO
experiment, using the autonomous instrument TEMPO (Sarrazin et al. 2007). TEMPO is a long-term imaging
module using SEAMON technology and equipped with a deep-sea video camera and two LED lights. A
CHEMINI Fe (Vuillemin et al., 2009) in situ analyzer and 3 temperature probes were coupled to the TEMPO
module to monitor environmental changes in parallel to community dynamics. Due to technical difficulties, it has
not been possible to recover TEMPO in 2007 but it was recovered in 2008 during the MoMAR08 cruise. After 2
years, the structure of the module was little affected by corrosion. The lens of the video camera was clean,
validating the efficiency of the antifouling system used. Processing of the data is in progress and will allow us to
refine our sampling strategy for MoMARSAT (acquisition frequency, duration of the video sequences, data
processing, etc.), and to build a robust data treatment protocol especially concerning the video sequences.
16
T°C and [FeT] µM
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
06/09/06
-2
15/12/06
25/03/07
03/07/07
11/10/07
Time
The TEMPO module monitored the temporal dynamics
of a mussel assemblage at the base of the Tour Eiffel
edifice during 45 days. Environmental conditions were
acquired simultaneously for a longer period. The module
stayed on the bottom during 2 years.
Temperature and total dissolved iron concentrations measured
in the mussel assemblage. Temperature was monitored during
21 month using a NKE sensor while Fe concentrations were
measured during 6 months with the chemical analyzer
CHEMINI.
For MoMARSAT, our main goal is to acquire longer time-series data to examine the temporal dynamics of
faunal assemblages on the Tour Eiffel edifice, in relation to the variation of environmental factors at three
different spatial scales: local, edifice, and vent field. More specifically, we plan to:
1. assess the variations of faunal assemblages in terms of composition, diversity and density at different
spatial scales (local, edifice, vent field);
2. integrate data from different disciplines into our data base;
3. identify the variations of environmental factors at different spatial scales (local, edifice, vent field);
4. establish the links between faunal variations and environmental factors (conservative or not) at the
different scales considered;
5. identify the factors that significantly affect the structure of faunal assemblages at vents through
multivariate statistics;
6. continue mapping the distribution of faunal assemblages throughout the years on the Tour Eiffel edifice
from 1994 to 2011 (on-going thesis, D. Cuvelier, MARBEF);
Two ecological modules, similar to TEMPO, will be deployed, one being connected to the SEAMON East node
near Tour Eiffel (located in Document 2). The second one will be used for short term moorings (2 to 6 hours of
continuous acquisition). Near real time connection to shore, will allow transmission of a subset of the data
(mainly chemical data), with the possibility to modify sampling rates during the experiment. The bandwidth
limitation of acoustic transmission is not suitable to transmit video imagery. However, the transmission of still
images will be tested at a low frequency. Video will be stored locally to be recovered during MoMARSAT-2011.
Image analyses will permit extraction of biological data on dominant species morphology and size structure,
estimation of minimal density and biomass as well as collection of data on species behaviour (feeding,
predation, movement). Video imagery will also give insights about faunal assemblage variations, succession
patterns, growth of visible species (mussels, shrimps, crabs), behavioural and biological interactions such as
predation (Sarrazin et al., 1997).The sensors installed on the module will permit the measurements of
environmental factors (oxygen and iron concentrations, temperature) within the studied faunal assemblage.
70
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
71
71
To complete and validate the temporal approach, we will pursue the small–scale characterization of the
different assemblages colonizing the studied edifice and other assemblages of the Lucky Strike vent field (cf.
Thematic packages 1 and 3). The experimental design will rely on the acquisition of time series temperature
data by a network of autonomous temperature probes deployed on selected mussel assemblages. In situ
analysis will be completed by discrete sampling that will allow the acquisition of other important parameters
(dissolved and particulate metal concentrations, methane, organic matter…) to understand the processes
controlling the fluid/seawater mixing zone. The speciation of metallic species and their interaction with organic
matter will be particularly studied. Fluid flow measurements will be added to the database (Sarrazin et al.
submitted). Quantitative sampling of selected faunal patches will validate the data acquired with the video
imagery. These samples will also be used to understand the variation of biochemical composition
(condition/productivity index) of the animal patches in relation to the environmental factors. The temporal
dataset gathered on Tour Eiffel from 1994 on, will be completed with video transects during each cruise
following the Cuvelier et al. (submitted) protocol.
A mooring with a sediment trap and a current meter will also be deployed close to Eiffel Tower to study the
possible influence of the vent fluid on the ocean chemical balance and to tackle the question of the timing of
reproduction in hydrothermal organisms. The composition (species diversity), the temporal fluctuation of larval
production and the flux of the settling hydrothermal particles emitted by this active vent will be examined.
Finally, the characterization, distribution and evolution of the microfauna are an important aim of deep sea
hydrothermal ecosystem studies. Microbiological sampling and experiments with colonization devices have
been carried out at Lucky Strike, most notably during the EXOMAR, GRAVILUCK and MoMAR2008-Leg 1
cruises. For the MoMAR-Demo / MoMARSAT project, we plan to deploy a set of microbial colonization devices
in the immediate vicinity of chemical and temperature sensors, around the Tour Eiffel SEAMON ecology node
(also called east node in location map of Document 2). These devices are deployed by ROV and are simple
boxes containing standard mineral substrates.
3.5 Thematic Package 5: Physical oceanography
Lucky Strike, as most segments of the Mid Atlantic ridge south of the Azores, is a site of active internal wave
generation, as well as complicated local circulation influenced by bathymetry and mixing, both near the central
volcano and elevated rift valley walls, and in the semi-enclosed deep nodal basins. Oceanographic data
collected in 2006 and 2007 during the GRAVILUCK and BB-MoMAR cruises, provide an interesting first view of
the internal waves in the area, the flow between the deep basins, and where mixing takes place, in particular in
the channel to the east of the Lucky Strike volcano. We are lacking information closer to the volcano summit,
which would stride a longer period.
We plan to equip the surface BOREL buoy mooring of the SEAMON infrastructure both with a GPS, and with a
set of T° (and P) autonomous probes, recording at relatively high frequency (1 minute). This data set will also
be used for geodesy (see § 3.2). Current measurements at lower frequency (30') will be an important
complement. We will use current meter data which are being recorded near NERIES BBOBS1 (see localisation
in Document 2) in view of cleaning seismic data from noise associated with baroclinic tides.
We also plan to document the local time variation of water flow patterns and the fluid exchange between the
seafloor and the water column close to the Tour Eiffel ecology node. An autonomous CTD/ADCP instrument
package has been assembled to that purpose during the EXOCET/D project. This system was deployed and
validated for 3 days in 2006 during the MOMARETO cruise. We plan to upgrade this system for autonomous
deployment over a longer period (6-12 months). This will involve extending the capability of the existing data
logger, augmenting the energy supply, and improving the synchronization between the CTD and the ADCP. A
new mechanical frame will be designed that allows for free flushing of the CTD sensors, an open range of the
acoustic transducers of the ADCP while all systems being well protected during the deployment and recovery
phase. Special care will also be taken in regard to corrosion and biofouling issues.
Finally, we plan to complement the dataset recovered during the GRAVILUCK cruise concerning the spatial
distribution of mixing over the water column and in the horizontal in the Lucky Strike segment. For this, we will
perform fine scale measurements of hydrology and currents (vertical resolution of 1m for hydrology and 8m for
currents), and microstructure measurements (i.e. vertical resolution of cm-mm). We plan to use the
microstructure profiler VMP6000, and a rosette with CTD sensors and one LADCP. Our main purpose will be to
characterize mixing induced by internal tides (the main component of the internal wave field). To this aim we
plan to perform repeated profiles at fixed point stations over half a tidal cycle (at least 6h).
Section 4: Observatory infrastructure and data management
The MoMAR-D experimental design combines autonomous instruments which will store data over the duration
of the mission (1 year), and instruments that will be connected to shore via the SEAMON (Sea Monitoring
Node) system (Blandin J. & Rolin J.F., 2005).
71
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
72
72
4.1 The SEAMON / BOREL technology
The SEAMON system includes a set of long-term, non-cabled sub-sea observatory components, initially
developed by Ifremer during the EU ASSEM project (2002-2004), which have since been upgraded and made
more reliable. SEAMON is the generic name of the seabed stations serving a local set of sensors, whereas
BOREL (Bouée relais) is the surface data transmission relay. The SEAMON stations are rated for 4000 mwd
operations. Each one can provide 8 kWh, allowing for the sensors operation and for a daily data transmission of
ca. 40 kbytes. You will find a table of connected instruments with indications of the volumes of transmitted data
and energy requirements in Document 2.
The main components of SEAMON are the following:
COSTOF (Communication and Storage Front-end). This electronic unit serves a set of local sensors by
providing them with data storage, communication channels and optionally energy. COSTOF communicates with
the ROV via CLSI (see below), and with a ship, and the BOREL buoy via acoustic modems. The COSTOF
robustness and modularity rely on the use of a low power field bus (CAN) linking a set of simple identical
boards, each board devoted to one sensor. The measurement sequencing is left to each sensor. This way, a
COSTOF failure does not prevent data acquisition at the sensor level. Conversely, data duplication at the
COSTOF level is a safety factor in case of sensor damage.
CLSI (Contact-Less Serial Interface) is a small device made of two halves, allowing serial communication
between two units, without electrical connection. If one half is connected to a ROV, and the other half to the
COSTOF, communication can be established between the ship and any connected sensor. It is very useful just
after the ROV has completed a sensor mechanical installation, to check or fine tune its functioning before the
ROV leaves the area.
BOREL
The BOREL buoy is the data transmission relay between the SEAMON stations and the Iridium satellite
constellation. It is moored within acoustic range of the SEAMON stations and is composed of two identical
independent data transmission channels. Channel 2 can be activated from shore in case of a failure of channel
1. Each data transmission channel is powered independently and comprises an acoustic modem, a control
electronics and an Iridium modem. The communication is bi-directional and BOREL supports three data
transmission modes: periodic (typical rate 6 hours), triggered by events detected on the seabed, and triggered
from shore. BOREL has now been used for two years in the Mediterranean Sea, where it is moored at 2000 m
depth. The Mediterranean mooring will be modified for MoMAR-D to take into account the sea conditions
prevailing in the mid-Atlantic. Its position and the local sea/wind state will be monitored throughout the
experiment. The robustness of this mooring is clearly one of the technical challenges of the MoMAR-D
experiment.
Acoustic data transmissions
For five years now, successive SEAMON/BOREL systems have been using the same type of acoustic
modems. Their reliability has now reached a satisfying level, but their energy requirement per transmitted bit (a
key parameter for non-cabled observatories) can probably be significantly lowered. Ifremer is currently working
on this issue. This work started in 2007 with a selection of five modems available on the world market. Among
the selection criteria, the lowest energy necessary to transmit 1 bit at a given distance was sought. In 2008,
three of these five modems were tested at sea, between a sub-sea station at a depth of 2200 m, and the R/V
L’Europe. This test demonstrated that the latest modems require at least 15 times less energy to transmit one
bit in those conditions, than the ones used on SEAMON until now. Longer term tests of the two best modems
are planned in 2009, between the 2200 m-deep subsea station and a relay buoy. The MoMARSAT experiment
will directly benefit from these improvements.
4.2 Configuration of the nodes
Two SEAMON nodes will be deployed in the Lucky Strike vent field (see location in Document 2). A Table of
the connected sensors, the volume of data transmitted an dthe energy required for transmission at each node
is provides in Document 3:
• SEAMON-East will be primarily devoted to thematic experiments 3 (Chemical fluxes), 4 (Ecology) and
5 (Physical oceanography). It will connect a video camera, chemical sensors and the CTD/ADCP
package. T-probes connected to this station will also provide time-series data for experiment 1
(Seismicity and hydrothermal activity). This node will be moored at the base of the active hydrothermal
edifice Tour Eiffel, near the location of the autonomous TEMPO station deployed during the
MoMARETO cruise.
• SEAMON-West will be primarily devoted to thematic experiments 1 (Seismicity and hydrothermal
activity) and 2 (Seafloor deformation). It will connect the pressure probe, one OBS, and the OBM. This
second node will be moored in the western part of the lava lake, near the present location of the
pressure probe installed since 2006.
72
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
73
73
Sketch of the MoMAR-D experiment
The BOREL buoy
The MoMAR-D project includes pre-cruise integration of these sensors to the monitoring node, followed by their
qualification and validation prior their deployment during one year.
Underwater connection devices
The sensors to be connected underwater will use a low cost connection device (CdC,) specially developed and
validated during the ASSEM project.
Data storage
Each connected sensor will also independantly store data over the 12 months duration of the project. The
Ecology package (TEMPO) and the pressure gauge already have tested operational SEAMON connections.
Development will be carried out for the connected OBS (IPGP), the OBM (Univ. Bremen), the NOC continuous
fluid flow analyzer and the CTD/ADCP mooring. Other sensors will be deployed as autonomous instruments,
storing data that will be recovered at the end of the 1 year experiment. The table in section 4.4 presents a list of
the sensor to be implemented during the cruise.
Biofouling
Biofouling is a major issue in the vent ecosystem. Biofilms form on every available surfaces and trap the
mineral particles emitted by the hot fluids. The method used successfully (Exomar, 2005 and MoMARETO,
2006) for preventing bio-fouling on the lens of the TEMPO video camera and on an Aanderaa oxygen optode
relies on localized microchloration. This method does not modify the image, and the concentrations of
chemicals released are negligible.
Feasability
The SEAMON system has been deployed previously in the following sea-bed monitoring applications:
• 2004, Gulf of Corinth, 380 m, 7 months, seismicity, geodesy - Ballu et al., gas emissions (CH4, O2),
• 2004, Finneidfjord (Norway), 25 m, 4 months, slope stability - Strout et al. (pore pressure, T°C), gas
emissions (CH4),
• 2005-2007, Var canyon, 2000 m, 24 months, particle dynamics - Khripounoff et al. (dissolved O2,
turbidity, current),
• 2006, Bay of Douarnenez, 25 m, 2 months, experimental polluting shipwreck monitoring – Marvaldi et
al. (ADCP, fluorimeter hc, turbidity, dissolved O2, CTD),
• -2006-2008, Nice slopes, 35 m, 20 months, slope stability – Sultan et al. (pore pressure, T°C),
• -2006-2008, Azores hydrothermal vent “Lucky Strike” (autonomous SEAMON TEMPO module), 1700
m, 18 months, hydrothermal ecosystems study – Sarradin et al. (video camera, dissolved Fe, T°C ),
• -2007-2008 and 2008-2009, offshore Marseille, 20 m, 2 and 3 months, contaminants re-suspension –
Gonzalez et al. (ADCP, turbidity, passive organic contaminant concentrator),
• A modified version of the TEMPO-SEAMON node is presently connected to the VENUS cabled
observatory in Canada.
Feasibility of MoMAR-D and MoMARSAT also depends on the availability of ships, ROVs, on access to
supporting shore-based infrastructures, and on additional funding from national agencies. The strong support
received at the regional level is an asset of the project, allowing us access to facilities in the Azores, such as a
GPS station at the University of the Azores for differential GPS location, and, most notably, the facilities in Faial
Island. LabHorta is a laboratory facility that expands the capacity of research cruises for the experimental
studies of the biology, physiology and behaviour of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. The University of the
Azores also maintains an Oceanographic instrumentation and Calibration Laboratory, which is dedicated to
insure the operationality and precision of several types of oceanographic equipments. Last but not least, 2
73
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
74
74
research vessels are based in the islands and could allow a quick response to an event occurring at Lucky
Strike during the 12 month of the observatory deployment.
4.3. Data management and scientific integration
Data management and dissemination is a key task in the implementation of a multidisciplinary long term
observatory. Principles of data management and dissemination will be discussed within the MoMAR-D project
in the spring of 2009, to obtain a formal participant agreement. The data management policy and procedure will
be defined taking benefit of the experience gained by Neptune Canada. The principles to be specified are: i) the
definition of the data to be acquired, ii) the procedures of control for these data and the definition of metadata in
accordance with the standards recommendations on data documentation, and finally iii) the dissemination level.
The framework for this discussion is defined in the ESONET Description of Work. Data management
procedures will be fully compatible with international recommendations and standards in order to improve
interoperability with other systems and to ease comparison with other datasets: ISO standards for metadata,
COI/WMO standards for quality flag scale.
SISMER will collect, flag and archive the data (in real time and after the recovery). Data will be made available
online according to ESONET data policy and European directives. Data will also be forwarded to data centers
involved in the ESONET project in order to be permanently archived and distributed.
The MoMARSAT cruises will also produce data from autonomous sensors or complementary site studies.
These data will be archived and part of the demonstration will be to design appropriate procedures for control
and dissemination of these data. Biological site survey data acquired during the cruises will be available
through the BIOCEAN database.
A GIS database and interface is being implemented for the MoMAR sites with support from the ANR
Mohtesiem (J. Escartin), and MoMARnet projects. It now contains all the available dive data and a subsequent
subset of the geophysical data collected so far in the MoMAR area. It will be maintained by the MoMAR-Demo
project and adapted to fit the ESONET policy on data property and accessibility.
An important task will be to develop links between the MoMAR-Demo data management system, and the data
management systems currently used for volcanic and seismic monitoring, and for ecosystem inventory and
surveillance, at and near the Azores Islands. To this aim, we have secured the participation (to MoMAR-Demo,
not involved in actual MoMARSAT cruise work) of colleagues from the Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de
Riscos Geológicos, and from the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores.
Scientific integration of the data is a key point of this project. Data treatment will be done first at the Thematic
package level, followed by a second step to understand the links and common sources of variability at the
different scales studied. Data coming from all thematic packages will be analyzed to study the links between
environmental changes and community structure and dynamics. This final data integration step will be the
subject of a workshop, gathering all scientists involved in the MoMAR-D proposal.
The Table below lists the data and sample sets which we plan to acquire, their timing of acquisition, the
relevant thematic packages, and the corresponding tools or sensors. Instruments which we plan to connect to
SEAMON are listed in bold. Those which will require some adaptation prior to the cruise are listed as
“prototypes”.
Sensor
CHEMINI Fe, T and O2
sensor
Video camera and lights
Thematic
package(s)
1,3, and 4
Type of Data or
samples
Fluid chemistry and T°
Acquisition
Cruise 1
yes
SEAMON Acquisition
(1 year)
stored in situ
subset
Yes/1 year
Acquisition
Cruise 2
yes
3 and 4
yes
subset
Yes/3 months
yes
1 Pressure probe
1, 2, and 5
Visual monitoring of
vent habitat
On bottom pressure
yes
yes
Yes/ 1 year
yes
NOC analyser (Fe, Mn)
1,3, and 4
Fluid chemistry
yes
Yes/1 year
yes
1 OBS
1, 2, and 3
seismicity
yes
yes
yes
1 Ocean Bottom Motion
Meter
1 Bottom CTD-ADCP
1, and 2
Tiltmeter data
yes
yes
yes
2 and 5
yes
yes
yes
> 8 OBSs
1, 2, and 3
Water column
structure
seismicity
yes
Subset
prototype
Subset
prototype
Subset
prototype
Subset
prototype
no
Yes/1 year
yes
> 30 T-probes
1,3, and 4
Fluid temperature
yes
no
yes
yes
1 Pressure probe
1, 2, and 5
On bottom pressure
yes
no
Yes/1 year
yes
2 Current meters
1, 2, and 5
Near bottom currents
yes
no
Yes/1 year
yes
74
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
75
75
8 T-probes in water column
2 and 5
Water column T°
yes
no
yes
yes
GPS
2 and 5
Sea surface elevation
yes
no
Yes/ 1 year
yes
Microprofiler VMP6000
2 and 5
yes
no
no
yes
Rosette CTD-LADCP
2 and 5
yes
no
no
yes
« Pressionaute »
2
no
no
no
yes
Other chemical sensors
NOC (Methane…)
Fibre optic temperature
sensor
CHEMINI (pH, H2S, O2),
T°C
FLO flow meter
1,3, and 4
Microstructure of water
masses
Hydrology and
currents
Mesure du réseau
géodésique
Fluid chemistry
prototype
no
prototype
prototype
1,3, and 4
prototype
no
prototype
prototype
1,3, and 4
Diffuse venting
temperatures
Fluid chemistry and T°
yes
no
no
yes
1,3, and 4
Fluid flow rate
yes
no
no
yes
Treatment of collected data sets will be conducted in two stages: in near real time for the subset of data
transmitted through the SEAMON system; and after the 12 months of the demonstration for the whole data set.
The near real time data will serve both as support for scientific interpretation, and as an indicator that an “event”
is occurring. Events at Lucky Strike may be volcanic (eruption, underground dyking event, or rapid degassing of
the magma chamber), tectonic (displacement along axial faults), or hydrothermal. Understanding the impact of
these events on biological communities (micro organism bloom, composition, structure,) is one of our key
objectives.
Our array of connected sensors will be able to detect all, or most of these events. Rapid response is particularly
indicated in the case of a volcanic event, as it has been shown to profoundly modify vent ecosystems, with a
variability of hours, days, and weeks (Haymon et al., 1993; Shank et al., 1998), probably extending to years.
Our rapid response capability at Lucky Strike will be limited, but enough to open exciting opportunities: 1- the
SEAMON capability for interrogating sensors and modifying certain parameters from shore shall allow us to
modify data sampling rates for a given sensor, if an event is detected; 2- we also plan to take advantage of the
access to the Azores-based RV Archipelago, which unfortunately does not allow for ROV-type intervention, but
can perform water column sampling, and recover acoustically released devices; 3- finally, should evidence for a
major event be collected, we will actively search for a larger ship of opportunity, with ROV capability (for
example the new ROV-equipped Portuguese).
4.4. A regional managing strategy for the Azores node
The growing interest and the increased number of science activities at the MoMAR vent fields have led the
Portuguese and Regional administration to propose, in 2006, the area as a Marine Protected Area (MPA) within
the OSPAR network. This proposal followed a workshop organized in Horta in 2002 (Santos et al, 2003). The
Lucky Strike vent field is identified in the MPA proposal «with the aim of promoting knowledge, monitoring and
conservation of an area that best represents species, habitats and ecological processes in deep-sea
hydrothermal vents in the OSPAR area, while enabling sustainable scientific research and promoting education
and environmental public awareness and interest ».
MoMAR-Demo will undertake to comply with the MPA rules and develop a coherent experimental site
management plan. This plan will include a set of rules for PI’s, based on the MPA code of conduct and on the
InterRidge code of conduct. These rules will aim at minimizing the impact of research on the environment, and
at ensuring the compatibility of all the experiments planned. In this context, we plan to devote one MoMARSAT
dive in 2011 to clean the area around our experimental network of the abundant non-native material left over
the years of scientific work. Acquired video imagery data will be used as the background of the site
management objective.
MoMAR-Demo will for the greater part be financed by the participating institutions and their respective national
funding agencies. This partnership, together with the Portuguese maritime authorities, MPA authorities, and the
Regional Government of the Azores, will form the embryo for the future Regional Legal Entity of the ESONET
Azores node.
Section 5: Public outreach
Near real time transmission of data (and video images) from the Lucky Strike vents will open new opportunities
for public outreach. Our plan for the MoMAR-Demo is to fully use these opportunities, both in the direction of
the general public, and toward school and university students. The dissemination plan will be designed at the
beginning of the project in collaboration with the dedicated ESONET Workpackage. It will cover international to
75
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
76
76
regional initiatives such as the production of a didactic kit, in Portuguese, on hydrothermal vents and seafloor
observatories for the different school levels, in connection with in the Azores University.
Taking advantage of the contacts made in 2006 with the GRAVILUCK and MoMARETO cruises, we will also
start a collaborative project with the European Aquarium Network. The public outreach strategy for the MoMAR
project will be designed in close collaboration with Oceanopolis, with the Public Relation Offices of Ifremer,
CNRS, NOC and the other participating institutions. This strategy includes press conferences before the
cruises, maintenance of a cruise web site, and organization of a live event from the vessel, with video
conferences and transmission of live images from the seafloor such as the nuit des abysses done during
MoMARETO (Sarrazin et al.). We also will seek the participation of journalists interested in making a movie out
of this seafloor observatory adventure. The project web site will allow an access to the “real time” data edited
and commented by scientists. Our plan is to have an exhibit, which will last over the 12 months of the MoMARDemo, with access to the most recent data and images from the seafloor, at the Oceanopolis aquarium in
Brest. Mirror sites and exhibit material could also be set in other large aquariums in Europe.
Section 6: Workplan
Due to weather constraints, submersible cruises to the MoMAR area can only take place in the summer (May to
August). Deployment is planned for the summer of 2010, which will leave us time to achieve the physical
integration of the sensors on the SEAMON nodes. To comply with ESONET need for visible results prior to the
end of 2010, we have defined the MoMAR-D work plan with a core period (January 2009 to December 2010)
after which we will report on all technological and integration aspects, as well as on the test of the system at
sea during the first MoMARSAT cruise. We will then produce an updated final report in December 2011, after
the MoMARSAT–2 cruise, integrating the full results of 1 year operation of the system.
Seven Milestones have been identified throughout the MoMAR-D project, corresponding to crucial steps:
submission of the cruise proposal (M1), agreement on a data management policy (M2), on shore integration
and trials (M3), system deployment (M4), intermediate report to ESONET (M5), system recovery (M6), final
report (M7).
January 09
January
January10
09-
January 10- June 10
July 10
July 10 – August 10
Start of the MoMAR-D ESONET project.
Submission of a cruise proposal to the French fleet.
Preparation of the WP (integration, data management, public outreach, …)
Physical integration of the sensors on the SEAMON nodes
On shore validation of the subsystems and complete system
Cruise preparation
Cruise MoMARSAT-1 : Deployment of the system
Data integration over the 1 month recording period and shore-based integration of near real
time transmitted data
M1
M2
M3
M4
August 10- December
10
Data integration over the 1 month recording period and shore-based integration of near real
time transmitted data
December 10
End of the core MoMAR-D period
M5
August 11
December 11
Cruise MoMARSAT-2: Recovery of the seafloor observing system
Evaluation of the project : results, data integration over the 1 year recording period,
prospective
M6
M7
Section 7: Synergies with European and national funded initiatives.
The ESONET project has provided the framework for the MoMAR-Demo project within its internal call on
Demonstration mission. The MoMARSAT cruises are proposed to carry out MoMAR-D.
This proposal builds upon over 10 years of work on hydrothermal systems of the Azores area, much of which
was achieved with combined European and national funding. Two EC-FP6 projects directly concerned MoMAR:
one for development of observatory sensors (EXOCET/D; Sarradin et al., 2007) has provided support for the
MoMARETO cruise and the deployment of the TEMPO SEAMON module at Lucky Strike; the other is a
research and training EC network that funded 13 PhD and 3 post docs for MoMAR research (MoMARnet;
Cannat et al., 2006).
A more recently funded FP6 project, NERIES, funds the installation for 3 years of the broadband Ocean Bottom
Seismometer near Lucky Strike (part of BBMoMAR project; W. Crawford and S. Singh). More recently, the
SENSEnet Marie Curie Research network, coordinated by D. Connelly and focused on sensor development for
deep sea hydrothermal environments, has been selected for funding and is now in negociation stage with the
EC. This project will support students and researchers involved particularly in Thematic Package 3 of MoMARDemo.
76
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
77
77
National funded initiatives in the MoMAR “chantier” have mostly been French so far (Ifremer, INSU, ANR), with
a significant Portuguese contribution (the Marine Protected Areas initiative, the Lab-Horta biological facility),
and UK involvement in Electro-Magnetic site surveys at MoMAR vents. Scientific and technological discussions
within EXOCET-D and MoMARnet, and during the initial stages of ESONET, have strengthened this UK
participation (attracting new partners for fluid chemical studies), and have allowed us to find German partners
for the geodetic aspects of MoMAR-D.
Part of the MoMARSAT experiments will be funded through the DEEP OASES project (Thematic package 4, D.
Desbruyères). The project is supported by the Ifremer programs « Ressources minérales, énergétiques et
écosystèmes profonds” (L. Lemoine), and by the GDR ECCHIS. It is also supported by INSU through the
MoMAR chantier, and the “Soutien campagnes” for travel and freight expenses. Part of the MoMAR-D project
(Thematic package 4) was submitted to the FP7 call ENV.2008.2.2.1.2. Deep-Sea ecosystems within a
proposal linked to the actual HERMES project (HERMIONE, PI P. Weaver, contract signature).
An important aspect of the MoMAR-D project is to develop interoperability of sensors and data management
solutions, within ESONET and internationally. For this last aspect, we will take advantage of the opportunities
offered through the Memorandum of Understanding that links Ifremer and the Univ. of VICTORIA, the leading
institution behind the VENUS cabled observatory and the NEPTUNE Canada seafloor observatory initiative. An
observing module called TEMPO mini was connected to the Venus coastal network in the autumn 2008 and will
be recovered in February 2009. After this first coastal trial allowing to validate the instruments and the
interfaces with the cable, the module will be moored at the Endeavour hydrothermal node of NEPTUNE in
Summer 2009 as a part of an integrated multidisciplinary study (contact Mairi Best [email protected]). Our
technical objective is to learn from the larger Neptune initiative, and our scientific goal is to compare the
temporal dynamics of hydrothermal fauna assemblages between a slow spreading ridge (Lucky Strike), and an
intermediate spreading ridge (Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge).
References cited in Document 1.
Baker, E. T., C. R. German and H. Elderfield (1995). Geophysical Monograph 91: 47-71.
Blandin, J., Rolin, J.F Sea Technology December 2005, Volume 46, No. 12.
Boulart et al., 2008. Optics Express, vol 16, no 17.
Campbell JM. RRS Charles Darwin cruise 121:. cruise report. Southampton: Southampton Oceanography Centre; 2000.
Charlou, J. L., H. Bougault, P. Appriou, P. Jean-Baptiste, J. Etoubleau and A. Birolleau (1991). Deep Sea Research 38:
569-596.
Charlou, J.L., J.P. Donval, E. Douville, P. Jean-Baptiste, J. Radford-Knoery, Y. Fouquet, A. Dapoigny, and M. Stievenard,
Chemical Geology, 171 (1-2), 49-75, 2000.
Colaço, A., R.S. Santos & VENTOX party. 2002. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences. Supplement 3: XII + 64 pp.
Cooper, M.J., H. Elderfield, and A. Schulz. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105 (B8), 19369-19375, 2000.
Desbruyères D, Biscoito M, Caprais JC, Colaço A, Comtet T, Crassous P, Fouquet Y, Khripounoff A, Le Bris N, Olu K, Riso
R, Sarradin PM, Segonzac M, Vangriesheim A (2001) Deep-Sea Research I 48: 1325-1346
Desbruyères, D, Almeida, A, Biscoito, M, Comtet, T, Khripounoff, A, Le Bris, N, Sarradin, PM and Segonzac, M (2000).
Hydrobiologia, Vol 440, pp 201-216.
Desbruyères, D., M. Biscoito, J.-C. Caprais, A. Colaço, T. Comtet, P. Crassous, Y. Fouquet, A. Khripounoff, N. Le Bris, K.
Olu, R. Riso, P.-M. Sarradin, M. Segonzac, and A. Vangriesheim. Deep-Sea Research, 48, 1325-1346, 2001.
Dziak, R.P., D.K. Smith, D.R. Bohnenstiehl, C.G. Fox, D. Desbruyeres, H. Matsumoto, M. Tolstoy, and D.J. Fornari .
Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 109 (B12), 2004.
Dusunur, D., Cannat, M., and Escartin, J.. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-05366, 2008.
Escartin, J., Garcia, R., Delaunoy, O., Ferrer, J., Gracias, N., Elibol, A., Cufi, X., Neumann, L., Fornari, D.J., Humphris, S.E.,
and Renard, J., 2008, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 9.
Fabian, M. and Villinger, H. (2007). Marine Geophysical Researches, 28, pp. 13-26.
Fabian, M., and H. Villinger (2008) Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 9(7), pp. 12.
Fiala Medioni, A, McKiness, ZP, Dando, P, Boulègue, J, Mariotti, A, Alayse-Danet, MA, Robinson, JJ and Cavanaugh, CM
(2002). Marine Biology, Vol 141, pp 1035-1043.
Fouquet, Y., H. Ondreas, J.L. Charlou, J.P. Donval, J. Radfordknoery, I. Costa, N. Lourenco, and M.K. Tivey. Nature, 377
(6546), 201-201, 1995.
Haymon, R.M., D.J. Fornari, K.L. Von Damm, M.D. Lilley, M.R. Perfit, J.M. Edmond, W.C. Shanks, R.A. Lutz, J.M.
Grebmeier, S. Carbotte, D. Wright, E. McLaughlin, M. Smith, N. Needle, and E. Olson. 1991, Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 119, 85-101, 1993.
Humphris, S. E., Fornari, D. J., Scheirer, D. S., German, C. R. & Parson, L. M. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3,
2001GC000284 (2002).
Jouanne, F., T. Villemin, A. Berger, and O. Henriot. Geophysical Journal International, 167 (3), 1439-1446, 2006.
Kendall, J.M., G.W. Stuart, C.J. Ebinger, I.D. Bastow, and D. Keir,. Nature, 433 (7022), 146-148, 2005.
Langmuir, C., S. Humphris, D. Fornari, C. Van Dover, K. Von Damm, M.K. Tivey, D. Colodner, J.-l. Charlou, D. Desonie, C.
Wilson, Y. Fouquet, G. Klinkhammer, and H. Bougault. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 148, 69-91, 1997.
Le Bris, N, Sarradin, PM and Caprais, JC (2003). Deep Sea Research I, Vol 50,N°6, pp 737-747.
Lucazeau, F. et al. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 7 (2006).
Miranda, J. M., Luis, J. F., Lourenco, N. & Santos, F. M. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 110 (2005).
Mowlem M. (PhD). Southampton: University of Southampton; 2002.
Ondreas, H., Fouquet, Y., Voisset, M. & Radford-Knoery, J. Marine Geophysical Researches 19, 231-255 (1997).
77
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
78
78
Ondreas, H., Cannat, M., Fouquet, Y., Normand, A., Sarradin, P.M., and Sarrazin, J., in press, Geochemistry Geophysics
Geosystems.
Pester, N J , Rough, M , Ding, K , and Seyfried, W E (Abstract) AGU San Francisco 2008.
Poland, M., M. Hamburger, and A. Newman, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 150 (1-3), 1-13, 2006.
Ruegg, J.C., J.C. Lepine, A. Tarantola, and M. Kasser. Geophysical Research Letters, 6 (11), 817-820, 1979.
Santos R.S., Colaço A. & Christiansen S. (Eds.) 2003.. Arquipélago – Life and Marine Sciences, Supplement 4: xii + 70 pp.
Sarradin, PM, Caprais, JC, Riso, R, Kerouel, R and Aminot, A (1999). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, Vol 40, pp 93-104.
Sarrazin, J, Robigou, V, Juniper, SK and Delaney, JR (1997). Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol 153, pp 5-24.
Sarrazin, J., S. K. Juniper, G. Massoth and P. Legendre (1999). Marine Ecology Progress Series 190: 89-112.
Sarrazin, J.P. Lévèque, L. Delauney, S. Dentrecolas, P. Dorval, J. Dupont, D. Leroux, J. Legrand, P. Léon, P. Rodier, R.
Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin. Oceans 07 proceedings 2007.
Sarrazin, P.M. Sarradin, E. Buffier, A. Christophe, G. Clodic, D. Desbruyères, Y. Fouquet, M. Gouillou, M. Jannez, Y. Le
Fur, J. Le Rest, F. Lecornu, O. Lefort, S. Lux, B. Millet, P. Guillemet. Oceans 07 proceedings 2007.
Schultz, A., and H. Elderfield. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 355, 387-425, 1997.
Shank, T.M., D.J. Fornari, K.L. Von Damm, M.D. Lilley, R.M. Haymon, and R.A. Lutz, Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical
Studies in Oceanography, 45 (1-3), 465-+, 1998.
Sarradin, P.-M., Sarrazin, and the EXOCET/D participants, 2007. InterRidge News 16, 17-21.
Sarrazin, J., Sarradin, P.M., participants, t.M.c., 2006. InterRidge News 15, 24-33.
Singh, S.C., W.C. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, V. Combier, M. Cannat, J.P. Canales, D. Dusunur, J. Escartin, and J.M.
Miranda. Nature, 442 (7106), 1029-1032, 2006.
Sinha, M. C., et al. (1997), Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 355, 233-253.
Sohn, R.A., D.J. Fornari, K.L. Von Damm, J.A. Hildebrand, and S.C. Webb. Nature, 396, 159-161, 1998.
Sohn, R. A. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 112 (2007).
Sohn, R. A. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 112 (2007).
Statham PJ, Connelly DP, German CR, Brand T, Overnell JO, Bulukin E, et al. Environmental Science & Technology. 2005
Dec;39(24):9440-5.
Sturkell, E., P. Einarsson, F. Sigmundsson, H. Geirsson, H. Olafsson, R. Pedersen, E. de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, A.T. Linde,
S.I. Sacks, and R. Stefansson. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 150 (1-3), 14-34, 2006.
Thurnherr, A. M., et al. (2008) J. Mar. Res., 66(3), 347-372.
Von Damm, K.L., A.M. Bray, L.G. Buttermore, and S.E. Oosting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 160 (3-4), 521-536,
1998.
Wilcock, W.S.D. . Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 5, 2004.
Wilcock, W.S.D., and J.R. Delaney. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 145, 49-64, 1996.
78
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
79
79
DOCUMENT N° 2
MoMARSAT
DESCRIPTIF DES CAMPAGNES 2010 et 2011
1- Infrastructure et déroulement du projet
Les objectifs des campagnes MOMARSAT peuvent être résumés ainsi :
- Etude temporelle des processus actifs sur le site hydrothermal Lucky Strike,
- Déploiement d’un observatoire multidisciplinaire non câblé pourvu d’un système de transmission de
données quasi-temps réel,
- Opération de cet observatoire pendant douze mois.
Pour répondre à ces objectifs, le projet MOMAR-Demo est structuré en plusieurs tâches sur une durée de 36
mois (voir tableau en Section 6 du Document 1). Les campagnes à la mer en 2010 et 2011 correspondent aux
phases de mise en place et de récupération de l’observatoire et à l’acquisition de données complémentaires
sur site. Le projet est financé partiellement dans le cadre du WP4 « Missions de démonstration » du réseau
d’excellence ESONET (MoMAR-Demo, A. Colaço et P.M. Sarradin ; voir détail du plan de distribution des
fonds alloués par ESONET dans la Fiche Synthétique 2).
MoMARSAT repose sur un parc de matériel en grande partie existant (Cf Tableau du Document 1 § 4.3). Le
réseau d’observation utilise le système SEAMON – BOREL et les capteurs associés. L’année 2009 sera
consacrée à l’adaptation des stations et des capteurs et à leur qualification. A partir des données de
bathycélérimètrie disponibles sur la zone, une étude de propagation acoustique du site sera effectuée, étude
qui déterminera la position optimale de la bouée par rapport aux stations. L’intégration du système dans sa
totalité (y compris la gestion des données) et les tests d’endurance à terre auront lieu au second semestre
2009. En parallèle, la politique de mise à disposition et de traitement des données sera définie et acceptée par
tous les participants au projet. La tâche « communication vers le grand public » suivra un calendrier analogue,
aux échelles nationale et européenne.
Afin de valider, et de valoriser les séries temporelles, il sera nécessaire de disposer d’une part de mesures
ponctuelles des mêmes paramètres sur une zone plus large, et d’autre part de mesures ponctuelles de
paramètres qu’on ne sait pas mesurer sur le long terme. Ces mesures ponctuelles sont indispensables pour
les expériences sur l’écologie, sur la chimie des fluides, et sur la géodésie. Pour l’écologie, l’acquisition de
données sur site sera focalisée sur Tour Eiffel et aura lieu pendant les 2 campagnes MOMARSAT. Pour la
chimie des fluides, l’échantillonnage concernera plusieurs sites sur tout le champ hydrothermal et débutera en
2009 durant Bathyluck afin d’obtenir une série sur 3 ans. Pour la géodésie, nous prévoyons une seconde
campagne de mesure du réseau de repères (voir Figure en fin de Document 2) en 2011.
Nous privilégierons les plongées longues (≥ 24 h), permettant de couvrir les objectifs de plusieurs manips, sauf
pour les premières plongées de mises en place du dispositif SEAMON en 2010, qui doivent être rapidement
suivies de tests. Nous utiliserons si nécessaire la navette ascenseur et nous organiserons le planning de ces
plongées pour que les échantillons fragiles (biologie en particulier) soient prélevés peu de temps avant la
remontée.
2- Campagne 2010
La première campagne du projet en 2010 permettra la mise en place de l’infrastructure de l’observatoire
(bouée BOREL et nœuds SEAMON) et des capteurs connectés (environ 6 jours). Cette mise en place sera
précédée d’une reconnaissance rapide et du marquage des zones à instrumenter (1 jour). La récupération et le
redéploiement de l’instrumentation autonome qui aura été mouillée durant la campagne Bathyluck 2009
prendra environ 6 jours: récupération et redéploiement de 2 jauges de pression, des colonisateurs microbiens,
et du réseau de capteurs autonomes de T° des fluides sur 5 sites hydrothermaux du champ Lucky Strike (Y3,
Statue of Liberty, Tour Eiffel and Nuno-Hélène ; cf Figure en fin de Document 2). Environ huit jours seront en
outre nécessaires pour l’acquisition de données d’écologie et de chimie des fluides afin de valider les séries
temporelles et de les situer dans un contexte plus général. Enfin, les temps de reconditionnement du ROV
entre les plongées seront consacrés à des opérations de pont : récupération et redéployement de 10 OBS (4
INSU, 5 portuguais, 1 BBOBS-IPGP), et manips d’océanographie physique.
Les opérations à mener durant la campagne MoMARSAT 2010 sont donc les suivantes :
1. Reconnaissance rapide et marquage des zones à instrumenter
2. Mouillage des Nœuds (free falling + déplacement par VICTOR) et de la bouée BOREL, mise
en place des capteurs connectés à Seamon, tests de fonctionnement, maintenance éventuelle
3. Acquisition de données sur sites (chimie, écologie)
4. Déploiement des capteurs autonomes
5. Travaux de surface
79
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
80
80
2-1 Reconnaissance du champ, choix et marquage des zones à instrumenter
Les données de microbathymétrie et les mosaiques photos acquises sur le site avec le Module de Mesures en
Route du ROV VICTOR durant les campagnes MoMARETO et MoMAR2008-Leg1 (Cartes en fin de document
2) permettent une navigation et une recherche des cibles très rapides. Les zones à instrumenter (Tour Eiffel,
sites Est et Nord Ouest, lac de lave) seront repérées par des marqueurs passifs. L’étude de propagation
acoustique sera validée sur site. Une reconnaissance petite échelle de l’édifice Tour Eiffel sera ensuite
effectuée suivant le protocole développé par Cuvelier et al, (soumis, DSR). Cette reconnaissance permettra de
marquer les zones d’études et d’acquérir la donnée vidéo nécessaire à l’étude temporelle de l’édifice
(Thematic package 4). L’ ensemble de cette reconnaissance prendra 24h (1ère plongée).
2-2 Mouillage des Nœuds et de la bouée.
L’infrastructure du réseau sera mouillée immédiatement après la plongée de reconnaissance. Les nœuds
seront mouillés en « free falling » depuis le navire. Le mouillage comprend un lest de descente, une flottabilité
additionnelle et une balise/ largueur BUC. Sur le fond (Plongée 2), les mouillages seront déployés et
positionnés par le submersible. La durée approximative pour le mouillage est de 2 h pour chaque nœud. Le
positionnement sur le fond de chaque nœud par Victor durera entre 4 et 6 heures. Le mouillage Borel
comprend un lest de 1600 kg, une ligne de mouillage de 1700 m (Polypropylène, Nylon) et la bouée équipée
(1300kg, diamètre 2.3 m). La stratégie de mouillage comprend la mise à l’eau de la bouée à 2000 m du point,
le filage de la ligne de mouillage en remontant au-delà du point, et le largage du lest. La durée estimée de mise
en place de la bouée est de 6 h. Le mouillage de la bouée sera effectué après la seconde plongée, durant le
reconditionnement de Victor.
2-3 Mise en place des capteurs connectés à SEAMON,
Une contrainte technique importante réside dans le déploiement des capteurs par Victor et leur connexion aux
nœuds SEAMON (Nœud Est « écologie », Nœud Ouest « géophysique » ; cartes en fin de Document 2 et liste
des capteurs à connecter dans le tableau du § 2.8 de ce Document). Cette opération a déjà été réalisée par le
submersible habité Thetys (HCMR) en 2004 dans le Golfe de Corinthe. L’étape préalable de reconnaissance et
de marquage des zones à instrumenter est déterminante pour la mise en place des capteurs sur ces sites à
topographie très perturbée. Pour faciliter le déploiement, certains capteurs pourront être connectés à leur
nœud d’accueil sur le fond en utilisant des connecteurs CdC. La durée de mise en place de chaque capteur
par le ROV a été estimée entre 3 et 4h, soit environ 12h pour le nœud Ouest (3 capteurs, tableau au § 2.8) et
20h pour le nœud Est (Plongée 3).
Les tests conduits pendant cette phase de déploiement du dispositif pourront conduire à récupérer tout ou
partie du système pour réparation ou remplacement. Ceci pourrait dans le pire des cas représenter 2 plongées
supplémentaires (environ 56h). Nous prenons un pied de pilote intermédiaire de 28h (Plongée 4 et
reconditionnement ROV), étant entendu que le fonctionnement du système SEAMON a déjà été testé à de
nombreuses reprises (cf § 4.2 du Document 1).
2-3-1 Ecologie : Tempo, précurseur du Nœud écologie, a été mouillé pendant la campagne MoMARETO.
Tempo est constitué de 2 modules : le module énergie rassemblant les composants SEAMON et le module
capteurs relié par un câble de 15 m. Lors du mouillage, le module capteur est logé dans le module énergie.
Victor positionne le module énergie sur le fond à proximité de la zone d’étude. Il déploie ensuite le module
capteurs à portée optique de l’assemblage cible. Les paramètres de la caméra (cadrage, zoom et focus) sont
réglés depuis la surface à l’aide d’un lien CLSI. Finalement, la canule de prélèvement de l’analyseur in situ,
associée à 3 sondes de températures autonomes et une optode à oxygène, est mise en place dans
l’assemblage. Le bon fonctionnement de l’ensemble est vérifié sur place via le lien CLSI.
2-3-2 Etude des flux chimiques : Le module CTD/ADCP et le capteur Fe / Mn, seront connectés sur le fond au
Nœud Est. Le module CTD/ADCP sera positionné à la base de Tour Eiffel, l’analyseur de Fe/Mn sur une
émission diffuse à proximité du module TEMPO.
2-3-3 Sismicité.
Le dispositif comprendra un OBS 3 composantes acquis pour l’opération, modifié pour être manipulable par le
ROV (suppression de la flottabilité et montage d’une poignée adaptée), et pour être connecté au nœud
SEAMON Ouest (l’enregistrement autonome des données sera conservé, un second processeur de type
Persistor prendra en charge l’interface avec SEAMON).
2-3-4 Géodésie : La jauge de pression JPP2 est opérationnelle sur le site en mode autonome depuis l’été 2006
(campagne GRAVILUCK). En 2008 l’instrument a été remplacé dans un conditionnement différent, mais la
jauge reste similaire à celle utilisée pendant la démonstration ASSEM dans le Golfe de Corinthe. Nous
disposons donc de la technologie pour la connecter au nœud SEAMON. Le capteur autonome sera récupéré,
et un capteur modifié sera déployé puis connecté.
2-3-5 Procédure de récupération des nœuds
80
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
81
81
En cas de dysfonctionnement constaté lors des premiers tests sur les nœuds, ceux ci pourront être récupérés
assez rapidement en utilisant la navette ascenseur NASA. Celle-ci a une capacité d’emport de 170 kg dans
l’eau, suffisante pour remonter un nœud SEAMON.
2-4 Acquisition de données sur sites
2-4-1 Ecologie : L’objectif principal du nœud « écologie » est la surveillance d’un assemblage dominé par la
modiole B. azoricus. Afin de compléter et de valider l’approche temporelle, nous poursuivrons la caractérisation
à petite échelle des différents assemblages colonisant l’édifice Tour Eiffel. Ceci permettra de multiplier le
nombre d’unités d’échantillonnage et donc, d’élargir l’échelle spatiale de notre étude ainsi que d’obtenir des
données à des intervalles annuels. La stratégie, utilisée lors de la campagne MoMARETO, repose sur la mise
en place d’une série de sondes de température autonomes sur différents assemblages. En 2010, 12 unités
d’échantillonnage seront ainsi caractérisées (chimie, physique, biologie « imagerie ») et instrumentées par 24
sondes de température autonomes (poursuite du plan d’échantillonnage amorcé au cours des campagnes
Exomar et Momareto). En 2011, ces unités seront de nouveau caractérisées (chimie, physique, imagerie) et la
faune prélevée de façon quantitative. Idéalement, cette étude de dynamique temporelle des assemblages sur
la zone Lucky Strike sera poursuivie pendant plusieurs années et appliquée à d’autres structures géologiques
(extension de l’échelle spatiale). L’environnement physico-chimique sera caractérisé par 2 méthodes
complémentaires en utilisant une instrumentation spécifique développée durant le projet EXOCET/D (Sarradin
et al IR News 2007). L’analyseur in situ CHEMINI (Vuillemin et al. 2009) permettra de mesurer les
concentrations en sulfure total (Sarradin et al., 1999) et FeII (Sarradin et al 2005) à) proximité des organismes.
Deux électrodes Unisense, intégrées au circuit, permettront également de mesurer le pH et l’oxygène. Le
préleveur d’eau PEPITO permettra de prélever des échantillons pour compléter la caractérisation du milieu
(métaux [Riso et al, 1997, Sarradin et al. 2009] et matière organique dissous et particulaires, radioéléments,
méthane). Le capteur de débit sera déployé pour caractériser la vitesse des émissions sur l’assemblage cible
(Sarrazin et al, submitted).
L’utilisation d’un second module vidéo miniature en cours de développement permettra l’acquisition de
séquences vidéo continues de 2 à 6h (associées à des mesures de température) afin d’évaluer la dynamique
temporelle de différents assemblages et leur variabilité haute fréquence. L’aspect long terme sera pris en
compte par le module vidéo connecté à SEAMON (3 min de vidéo par jour durant 12 mois).
Le prélèvement “quantitatif” de faune, associant prélèvement à la pince et à l’aspirateur à faune sur des
surfaces définies, permettra de valider les données acquises par les methodes d’imagerie. Un système de
prélèvement quantitatif sur substrat dur est en cours d’étude à Ifremer.
Les données obtenues seront traitées par des analyses statistiques multivariées, en collaboration avec Pierre
Legendre (Université de Montréal). Ce plan d’échantillonnage sera mis en œuvre sur d’autres assemblages
chimiosynthétiques profonds, que ce soit en zone hydrothermale (campagne BIG) ou en zone de fluides froids
(campagnes MEDECO et WACS).
2-4-2 Chimie des fluides. L’échantillonnage des fluides chauds sera réalisé sur la dizaine de sites équipés de
capteurs de température autonomes dans le cadre du thème 1 (Sismicité et dynamique du système
hydrothermal ; cf Document 1). On prélèvera également des fluides diffus sur le site « écologie »
L’échantillonnage sera conduit en utilisant les seringues titane et le PEP de Victor (et ou PEPITO). Les
échantillons seront analysés à bord (alcalinité, pH, oxygène, sulfure et CH4) ou acidifiés et stockés dans des
flacons LDPE pour analyses à terre. La composition chimique des fluides prélevés (fluides diffus et fluides
haute température) sera déterminée : éléments majeurs et traces, compositions isotopiques (isotopes stables
et radiogéniques). Cette opération sera répétée en 2011.
2-5- Déploiement des capteurs autonomes
Des sondes de température autonomes seront mises en place dans les sorties de fluides d’une dizaine de
sites répartis sur le champ hydrothermal de Lucky Strike. Ce dispositif reproduira celui de la campagne
BATHYLUCK 2009.
Des modules dédiés à l’étude de la colonisation par les microorganismes seront installés à proximité
immédiate des deux sites SEAMON. Ces modules sont constitués de plusieurs tubes avec des substrats
minéraux ou organiques différents.
L’utilisation d’un système de mesure de la température par fibre optique (Fiber Bragg grating) sera testée
durant la campagne sur une zone d’émissions diffuses proche du site de Tour Eiffel.
2-6- Travaux de surface
Les périodes de reconditionnement de Victor (8 heures entre chaque plongée) seront mises à profit pour
effectuer les récupérations et mouillages (Nœuds SEAMON, bouées BOREL, Piège à particules, OBSs) mais
également pour effectuer des profils CTD / Rosette et de microprofileur VPM6000 au dessus du volcan de
Lucky Strike, afin de mieux contraindre la structure de la colonne d’eau au cours de la campagne. Le réseau
de surveillance sismique local constitué de 4 OBS du réseau national INSU et de 5 OBSs portuguais, sera
déployé sur les flancs du volcan de Lucky Strike selon la configuration la plus adaptée (cf légende de la Figure
en fin de document 2).
81
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
82
82
Par ailleurs, on installera en surface, sur la bouée BOREL, un GPS permettant de suivre les variations de
hauteur d’eau. Ces variations serviront à extraire le signal géodésique des données du capteur de pression. Le
signal de ce GPS sera analysé en utilisant un GPS de référence à terre, installé à Faial et maintenu pendant
toute la durée de l’expérience (1 an) par nos collaborateurs de l’Université de Lisbonne.
Enfin, le câble de la bouée BOREL sera équipé de 10 à 15 capteurs de température (ou T-P) autonomes,
capables d’un enregistrement par minute pendant 1 an. Ces capteurs permettront de suivre l’évolution de la
colonne d’eau, avec des objectifs d’océanographie physique (ondes internes). L’intégration de ces données de
température avec les données GPS sur la hauteur de la colonne d’eau permettra aussi d’interpréter les
données du capteur de pression en termes de déplacements du sol.
2-8 Calendrier prévisionnel de la campagne 2010
L’organisation de la campagne prendra en compte l’expérience acquise durant la campagne Medeco avec
notamment l’utilisation de plusieurs ascenseurs au cours d’une même plongée. Ceci nous permettra de
programmer des plongées d’une durée moyenne supérieure à 24h. Le programme ci-dessous prévoit une
durée uniforme de 24h et est indicatif. Il sera affiné au cours du projet puis validé avec Genavir pour tenir
compte des contraintes opérationnelles.
Nous avons inséré une marge pour nous permettre de récupérer et remouiller des instruments défaillants. En
cas de bon fonctionnement, ce temps de travail pourra être utilisé pour des prélèvements et mesures
complémentaires (fluides, écologie) et pour des prélèvements de modioles sur le site Menez Gwen pour le
projet BioBaz. Ce projet a pour objectif la compréhension des relations de Bathymodiolus avec ses symbiontes
et son environnement dans trois champs hydrothermaux du chantier MoMAR (Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike et
Rainbow). Une demande de campagne BIOBAZ est soumise par F . Lallier pour 2011. Pendant MoMARSAT,
les échantillons de modioles pourront être récupérés par J. Sarrazin, A. Colaço et P.M. Sarradin, également
impliqués dans BioBaz.
J
1
2
3
4
heure
0800
0800
1600
5
6
1600
0000
2400
7
0800
8
0800
1600
9
1600
10
0000
2400
11
12
0800
0800
1600
13
1600
Travaux surface
Mobilisation, Horta
Appareillage, transit vers Lucky
Strike
Arrivée sur Zone
Plongée n°1 de Victor
Fin de plongée 1
Mouillage des 2 Nœuds
Plongée n°2
Fin de plongée 2
Mouillage de la Bouée BOREL, tests
de transmission fond surface
Plongée 3
Fin de plongée 3
Tests de transmission fond surface
Profils CTD
Plongée 4
Fin de plongée 4
Tests de transmission fond surface
Océanographie (CTD, profiler)
Plongée 5
Fin de plongée 5
Récupération puis mouillage OBSs
Plongée 6
Fin de plongée 6
Plongée 7
Fin de plongée 7
Plongée 8
Fin de plongée 8
Durée
Travaux Plongée
20h
24 h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
2h
24
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
Reconnaissance de la zone, marquage des zones cibles
pour le déploiement des Nœuds et de l’instrumentation.
Déploiement du Nœud Géophysique
Déploiement et test des capteurs « Géophysique »
Déploiement du Nœud « Ecologie »
Déploiement et test des capteurs « Ecologie »
Fin de déploiement des capteurs connectés
Acquisition de données sur site
Capteurs autonomes
Capteurs autonomes
Déploiement de capteurs autonomes
Capteurs autonomes Acquisition de données sur site
Capteurs autonomes
Capteurs autonomes
Prélèvements de fluides / sédiments
82
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
83
83
14
0000
2400
15
16
0800
0800
1600
17
1600
18
0000
2400
19
20
0800
0800
1600
21
1600
22
0000
2400
23
0800
2000
24
25
Plongée 9
Fin de plongée 9
Plongée 10
Fin de plongée 10
Mouillage du piège à particules
Plongée 11
Fin de plongée 11
Plongée 12
Fin de plongée 12
Plongée 13
Fin de plongée 13
Plongée 14
Fin de plongée 14
Début Plongée 15
Fin de Plongée 15
Début de plongée 16
Fin plongée 16
Transit retour
(Plongée BIOBAZ Menez Gwen ?)
Démobilisation Horta
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
24h
8h
12
Capteurs autonomes Acquisition de données sur site
Capteurs autonomes
Capteurs autonomes
Test fonctionnement réseau
Capteurs autonomes
Tour des instrumentations
Test fonctionnement
3- La campagne de 2011 (22 jours sur zone) est prévue pour la récupération de tous les instruments et de
l’infrastructure au terme de la démonstration ESONET. Cependant, dans la mesure où l’objectif de
MoMARSAT est de pérenniser l’instrumentation du site, cette stratégie sera adaptée en fonction des
perspectives offertes en ce sens d’ici 2011 (maintenance de certains équipements au lieu de leur
récupération). En 2011, il est prévu de récupérer tous les capteurs de T° C autonomes déployés sur 5 sites du
champ hydrothermal (Nuno, SEAMON Ouest, Tour Eiffel-SEAMON Est, Y3, Statue of Liberty ; voir Figure en
fin de document 2), et le volet d’acquisition de données sur sites sera complet (écologie, chimie des fluides sur
les deux sites SEAMON, et géodésie). Il est également prévu une plongée pour nettoyer le site de tous les
déchets qui auraient pu s’accumuler autour des noeuds SEAMON au cours ou avant l’expérience. Le
déroulement général sera le suivant :
1. Récupération ou maintenance des instruments connectés. La récupération des Nœuds sera effectuée
par Victor en utilisant des mouillages de flottabilité. Victor ira ensuite connecter le mouillage flottabilité
et le Nœud avant de larguer le lest de descente. L’étape de récupération a été estimée à 6 jours.
2. Récupération ou maintenance des instruments autonomes et des mouillages.
3. Acquisition de données sur site (écologie, géodésie, chimie) : Pour les volet écologie (5 jours), et
chimie (échantillonnage des fluides chauds et des fluides diffus ; 3 jours), la stratégie sera identique à
celle de 2010. Pour le volet géodésie, 6 jours sont prévus pour une seconde campagne de mesure du
réseau géodésique (10 repères installé et mesuré une première fois en 2006 ; voir carte en fin de
Document 2). La mesure du réseau, effectuée avec le “pressionaute” de l’IPGP un outil comprenant
plusieurs jauges de pression Paroscientific, suppose des boucles de mesures (voir fiche de
valorisation de la campagne GRAVILUCK).
4. Travaux de surface : Les périodes de reconditionnement de Victor (8 heures entre chaque plongée)
seront mises à profit pour effectuer des profils CTD / Rosette au dessus du volcan de Lucky Strike, afin
de mieux contraindre la structure de la colonne d’eau au cours de la campagne.
5. Une plongée « nettoyage de site » dans le cadre de la gestion de l’aire marine protégée est prévue en
2011. Les lests abandonnés seront localisés sur les mosaiques photo (voir fiche de valorisation de la
campage MoMAR2008-Leg1). La procédure de remontée ou déplacement de ces lests est à étudier.
Nous ne proposons pas de calendrier précis pour la MoMARSAT 2011. Son déroulement sera en grande partie
similaire à celui de la campagne 2010. Les principales modifications seront une durée plus courte des
opérations sur l’infrastructure SEAMON, mais l’ajout de 6 jours de mesure du réseau géodésique. Si la
83
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
84
84
demande de campagne BIOBAZ 2011 soumise par Lallier et al. est retenue, le volet d’écologie de MoMARSAT
2011 devra en outre être coordonné avec les opérations BIOBAZ sur Lucky Strike. Quelques participants
(Ifremer, IUEM, IMAR) sont d'ailleurs impliqués dans les 2 projets
4- Déroulement général des deux campagnes
2010
25 jours
21.5 jours
2*20h
2 jours
Durée totale
Nombre de jours effectifs de plongées
Temps de transit, à 11 Noeuds
Mise à disposition à Horta
Position géographique de la zone de travail :
Lucky Strike
2011
26 jours
22 jours
2*20
2 jours
37°17,29' N
32°16,45' W
1700 m
Période souhaitée : La zone de travail est soumise à des conditions de mer généralement difficiles pour la
mise en œuvre du submersible, la période la plus favorable est de mi-mai à mi-août.
5- Synthèse des capteurs déployés pour un an
échantillonnage
Données
générées
par jour
Données
transmises par
jour
Energie nécessaire à
la transmission
acoustique (1 an*)
SEAMON WEST (Geophysical node)
OBS
IPGP
Accelerations x,
y, z
62.5 Hz
67 Mbytes
1.62 Wh
Pressure probe
OBM
1 minute
?
12 kBytes
?
200 bytes (OBS
technical status +
seismic alert)
12 kBytes
12 kBytes
100 Wh
100 Wh
25 kBytes
202 Wh
Capteur
Institut
IPGP
U.
Bremen
Données
Pressure, tilt
Tilt, acceleration
Total
SEAMON EAST (Tour Eiffel node)
Video camera
Ifremer
Video images
Chemini
Ifremer
Fe
concentration
Aanderaa
Ifremer
T°, O2
optode
Chemical
NOCS
Fe, Mn
analyser
concentrations
CTD/ADCP
MARUM C, T°, P, current
profiles
BOREL (Surface buoy)
GPS
Ifremer
Air / wind sensor
Ifremer
Buoy attitude
Ifremer
x, y
Wind speed /
direction
Air T air P
Tilt (x,y)
6 min / day
12 hours
120 MBytes
4912 Bytes
40 kBytes
256 Bytes
332 Wh
2.08 Wh
15 min
960 Bytes
960 Bytes
7.79 Wh
12 hours
5 kBytes
256 Bytes
2.08 Wh
10 minute bursts
every hour, 1 Hz
Total
10 MBytes
- MByte
- Wh
130 MBytes
41.5 kBytes
344 Wh
1 hour
30 s /hour
1750 bytes
624 bytes
1750 bytes
624 bytes
1 hour
360 bytes
360 bytes
-
* Estimation effectuée sur la base de 10 mJ pour transmettre 1 bit à la bouée.
Instrumentation autonome
Capteur
GPS
T°, P probes
5 OBS
Geodetic benchmarks
Methane sensor
Fiber optic temperature sensors
array
T° probes
Current-meters
Sediment trap
Institut
IPGP
Locean
U. Lisbon
IPGP
NOCS
NOCS
Location
Bouée BOREL
Ligne de mouillage BOREL
Autour du volcan
10 sites autour du volcan
Tour Eiffel
Tour Eiffel
Output data
x, y, z, t
T°, P
x, y, z accélérations
P, tilt
CH4 concentration
T°
IPGP / Ifremer
Ifremer /INSU
Ifremer
Around LS vent field
Mooring close to the Tour Eiffel
T°
Current speed / direction
Falling particle samples
84
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
85
85
6- Cartes de situation
Carte de situation générale
Carte bathymétrique du volcan de Lucky Strike
(données de la campagne FLORES, mnt par H.
Ondréas) montrant la localisation des repères du
réseau géodésique, ainsi que la distribution actuelle
des deux sondes de pression autonomes (PG1 et 2),
des 4 OBSs du parc INSU (OBS1 à 4), et de l’OBS
large bande (BBOBS7) du réseau NERIES. Le
courantomètre qui permet d’analyser le bruit sur cet
instrument est localisé à proximité. Dans la
configuration MoMARSAT, les sondes de pression
seront localisées au même endroit mais PG1 sera
connectée au système SEAMON Ouest et transmettra
ses données en temps semi-réel. BBOBS7 sera
maintenu. Un OBS adapté sera connecté au réseau
SEAMON Ouest et transmettra une partie de ses
données en temps semi-réel. Les autres OBSs (>4
portuguais) seront distribués sur les flancs et autour du
volcan afin d’obtenir la meilleure localisation des
séismes associés aux interactions entre failles,
chambre magmatique et système hydrothermal.
Carte des pentes établie à partir des données de
microbathymétrie
du
ROV
Victor
(campagne
MoMARETO, Ondréas et al., sous presse). Les sites
hydrothermaux. La localisation prévue pour les deux
boités de jonction (ou « nœuds ») SEAMON, et pour le
mouillage de la bouée BOREL sont représentées par
des étoiles.
85
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
86
86
DOCUMENT N° 3
MoMARSAT
MOYENS A METTRE EN OEUVRE
1- Navire support, submersible et positionnement
N.O. pourquoi pas ? Option préférée car il offre 30 places pour l’équipe scientifique (cf Document 5- Equipe
Scientifique) et une importante surface de laboratoire. Une navette (financée par ESONET) sera effectuée
avec le N/O Archipelago pour une rotation de 6 personnes.
L’utilisation de l’Atalante entraînerait une révision du projet (séparation en 2 legs et perte de flexibilité dans
l’organisation).
Submersible : VICTOR 6000.
La stratégie proposée repose sur les capacités de Victor à travailler en mode chantier sur ces zones
perturbées (Sarradin et al. 2002, Michel et al. 2003, Sarrazin et al. 2006, Sarradin et al 2007).
Michel, J. L., M. Klages, F. J. A. S. Barriga, Y. Fouquet, M. Sibuet, P.-M. Sarradin, P. Simeoni and J. F. Drogou (2003). Victor 6000:
Design, Utilization and first improvements. Thirteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu, Hawai, USA.
Sarradin, P. M., K. Olu Leroy, O. H., M. Sibuet, M. Klages, Y. Fouquet, B. Savoye, J. F. Drogou and J. L. Michel (2002). Evaluation of the
first year of scientific use of the French ROV Victor 6000. Underwater Technology, Tokyo.
Sarrazin, J., Sarradin, P.M. and the MoMARETO cruise participants, MoMARETO: a cruise dedicated to the spatio-temporal dynamics and
the adaptations of hydrothermal vent fauna on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge InterRidge News, (2006), V15, 24-33.
Sarradin Pierre-Marie, Jozée Sarrazin, Yves Fouquet, Daniel Desbruyères, FEED BACKS : 3 multidisciplinary cruises on the Pourquoi pas
? TSM 2007, Décembre 2007, La Londe les Maures, Fr.
Positionnement : GPS différentiel et base ultra courte POSIDONIA du submersible.
2- Équipements fixes mis en œuvre par GENAVIR
ADCP de coque
Chaîne du froid (-20 et –80°C)
Transmission haut débit (Bande
passante 2Mbps)
Fréquence d’utilisation
En permanence
7 jours
Remarque
Si une opération de communication
est prévue
3- Équipements mobiles mis en œuvre par GENAVIR, par l'IPEV, par l’IRD ou les parcs
nationaux (INSU)
Victor 6000 et son matériel de mise
en œuvre
Module de prélèvements de base
seringues titane
APN2
2 Navettes ascenseur NASA et
Nautile
2 Largueurs BUC
CTD / Rosette
4 OBS
2 courantomètres
Microprofiler VPM6000
Fréquence d’utilisation
1 plongée
plusieurs mouillages par plongée
Pour mouillage des nœuds
SEAMON
Pendant les reconditionnements
Victor
Mouillage pour 12 mois
Mouillage pour 12 mois
Pendant les reconditionnements
Victor
Remarque
Genavir
lasers
Genavir
Bouteilles titane, PEP, 2 / 3 sondes
de température, 6 Boîtes de
prélèvement
Genavir
Genavir
Genavir
INSU
INSU
INSU
4- Laboratoires et outils de dépouillement informatique nécessaires à bord
- Tous les laboratoires scientifiques, y compris laboratoire thermostaté, hotte à flux laminaire
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, congélateur -20 et -80°C, hotte chimique, hotte flux laminaire, machine
à glace, autoclave.
-Transmission haut débit (Bande passante 2Mbps)
- Sumatra, Adélie, Alamer, Casino
86
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
87
87
5- produits chimiques ou radioactifs
La liste des produits chimiques sera précisée ultérieurement. A ce jour, il n’est pas prévu d’utiliser de produits
radioactifs.
6- Matériel propre de l'équipe demandeuse
(avec identification des instituts responsables pour chaque équipement)
Outillage existant à intégrer sur Victor :
Analyseur chimique in situ (CHEMINI) équipé d’électrodes UNISENSE et préleveur d’eau PEPITO
(Ifremer)
Lien CLSI (Ifremer)
« pressionaute » pour la mesure du réseau géodésique (déjà utilisé sur le Nautile pendant la
campagne GRAVILUCK)
Instrumentation autonome :
Capteur de débit FLO (Ifremer)
Sondes de température (Ifremer, IPGP)
Optode Oxygène Aanderaa (Ifremer)
Modules de colonisation (IPGP, Ifremer)
5 OBSs (FCUL)
Thermistors et gauges de pression pour mesure température colonne d’eau (LOCEAN-INSU)
Matériel pour CTD rosette (LOCEAN-INSU)
Préleveurs de fluide (NOC)
Analyseurs chimiques in situ (Ifremer et NOC)
Capteurs de méthane (NOC LMTG)
Matériel de laboratoire
Système d’extraction de gaz, analyseur GC (NOC)
Système de production d’eau permuté (Ifremer )
Petit matériel analytique
Instrumentation « observatoire »:
a- Capteurs à connecter à SEAMON (avec indication des développements prévus)
TEMPO (Ifremer) - caméra, éclairage, optode O2 Aanderaa, sondes de température et Chemini Fer,
maintenance à effectuer après récupération en 2008, bilan fonctionnel, interface données vidéo / SEAMON
à développer.
CTD / ADCP (Marum) - connexion à SEAMON à développer.
Capteurs Fe/Mn (NOC) - tests long terme et interfaces SEAMON à effectuer.
OBS (INSU) - 3 composantes, connexion à SEAMON à développer.
Capteur de pression géodésie (IPGP) - connexion à ASSEM réalisée, modifications mineures prévues.
GPS géodésie (IPGP) - connexion à SEAMON : modifications mineures prévues.
Capteurs température NKE (IPGP) - connexion SEAMON à développer.
Ocean Bottom Motion Meter (Univ. Bremen) – interface SEAMON à développer.
87
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
88
88
b- Infrastructure observatoire : système bouée et 2 boîtes de jonction (ou nœuds) SEAMON (Ifremer)
Description
Bouée
Valeur estimée
Aménagements à prévoir
Consommables à
approvisionner
SEAMON
Conteneur énergie
Description
Valeur estimée
Consommables à
approvisionner
COSTOF
Description
Valeur estimée
Consommables à
approvisionner
Modem acoustique fond
Description
Valeur estimée
Consommables à
approvisionner
Boîtes de jonction,
connectique et câblage
équipression
Description
Valeur estimée
Consommables à
approvisionner
Structure
Description
Valeur estimée
Consommables à
approvisionner
Avec ligne de mouillage 2000 m, 2 voies de communication fond de mer - terre
// indépendantes
90 000 €
-Achat d’un deuxième baffle pour transducteur (3800 €) et aménagement de la
structure inférieure pour l’accueillir
-Ajustement de la longueur de ligne
-Nettoyage, sablage et remise en peinture du flotteur (1000 €)
-Lest, anodes, accastillage, batteries et panneaux de rechange : 3500 €
-Communications Iridium : jusqu’ici prises en charges par IDM/RIC
Au moins 2 disponibles
4kWh chacun, qualifiés 4000 m
3500 € sans les piles
Piles au lithium : 3000 € par conteneur
Anodes de protection
2 sont disponibles
Jusqu’à 6 capteurs interfaçables, qualifiés 4000 m
9200 € par COSTOF
Développement logiciel embarqué pour s’adapter aux nouveaux capteurs. On
compte 1 à 2 semaines pour un capteur conventionnel. Ce sera certainement
beaucoup plus pour la caméra et le sismo.
Anodes de protection -
2 sont disponibles
Fonctionnent en réseau, 200 bits/s, qualifiés 2500 m
21000 € par modem
Anodes de protection 2 ensembles sont disponibles (dont celui de Tempo)
Raccorde les sous-ensembles électriques de Seamon
4100 €
Connectique spécifique de nouveaux instruments à approvisionner / câbler.
Uniquement pour les connexions effectuées sous l’eau (géodésie, sismo…)
Nous disposons d’une structure fond de mer pouvant accueillir les différents
sous-ensembles d’une station de géophysique.
6000 €
A définir
Anodes de protection -
Prix des liaisons Iridium
Coût des SBDs = messages adaptés à des petits paquets (< 3 koctets) : 14 € / mois + 1 € / koctet
Coût de la liaison données (intéressant pour des volumes > 5 koctets) : 30 € / mois + 1 € / minute
Coûts pour MoMARSAT
Abonnements (Base 15 mois) = 15 * (14 + 30) = 660 €
Coûts des SBD : Base 4400 octets / jour = 1600 €
Coût des communications « data » : Base 64 koctets / jour à 2200 bits/s = 1500 €
Total Iridium = 3760 €
7. Personnel spécialisé :
Équipe ROV : mise en œuvre et opération de VICTOR
Parc OBS INSU: Mise en œuvre, récupération des OBS et des données de sismicité (2 personnes prévues)
88
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
89
89
Electronicien Genavir pour CTD / Rosette et acquisition données ADCP
Ingénieurs des équipes européennes responsables des différents instruments mis en oeuvre
8 - Moyens terrestres à mettre en œuvre
GPS (manip de géodésie) mis en œuvre par U. Lisbonne (Rui Manuel Fernandez) sur l’île de Faial pendant la
durée de la démonstration (2010-2011).
Annexe : Description de certains instruments propres aux équipes demanderesses :
The Ocean Bottom motion meter, Univ. Bremen
The equipment consists of one instrument, the OBM. The OBM has a weight of about 170kg (in water 60kg). It
has a triangular shape with a triangular base plate on three legs. Overall dimensions of the OBM are 1.36 m for
the long edge, 0.68 m for the perpendicular bisector of the base plate and 0.96 m for the short edges, with a
total height of the instrument of 0.78 m. The OBM must be leveled at the sea floor, so that a ROV is necessary
for installation and recovery. The OBM dimensions are such that it can be deployed by the ROVs Quest, KIEL
-5
2
6000, Jason 2 and Victor 6000. The OBM has accelerometers with 10 m/s resolution, to record acceleration
from DC to 10 Hz in three perpendicular directions. It has a tilt sensor with two perpendicular horizontal axes
with 0.1 rad resolution, to record local slow sea floor tilt. An absolute pressure gauge (Paroscientific
DigiQuarz) with Bennest technology is integrated in the system and records vertical seafloor displacements
with respect to the sea surface with millimeter resolution. Additional thermistors record sensor temperature and
sea water temperature, to control environmental conditions for OBM operation. The OBM runs autonomously,
but monitoring in real-time through a network are preferred.
During the cruise the OBM has to be prepared for deployment, i.e. all components and the batteries have to be
checked thoroughly before the OBM will be deployed by an ROV. It will continuously record long-term time
series of acceleration, tilt, pressure and temperature until recovery during the second cruise by an ROV. The
OBM should be installed next to one of the geodetic benchmarks and the pressure data recorder at the summit
of the volcano. We prefer to integrate it in the network depending on the networks capability, but it can also run
autonomously. The time series of acceleration, tilt, pressure and temperature will be analyzed for their spectral
information and correlated for the interpretion of seafloor deformation processes and magmatic and
hydrothermal activity.
CTD/ADCP package
The equipment consists of a CTD, a profiling Doppler current meter, a central data logger and an energy
supply. The instrument package is completely autonomous. It will be programmed for the mission and the data
will be read out after retrieval. An autonomous instrument package consisting of a CTD sensor, an ADCP and a
data logger together with the necessary energy supply will be deployed. A location close to a hydrothermal vent
has to be selected preferably where fluid samples are taken as well. The data set collected will consist of the
following parameters – temperature, pressure, salinity and current speeds. Theses data will be sampled at a
repetition rate of 0.25 Hz continuously with a total time endurance of 3 months. If possible the system should
be deployed at least for these three months. No specific preparatory work on board or on shore is needed. The
system can be deployed by the elevator of IFREMER and then be positioned by the ROV VICTOR.
After retrieving the raw data from the sensor systems some post processing has to be done to achieve time
synchronisation and filter out outliers. To be able to interpret the data adequately it is also necessary to know
precisely about the topography around the measurement location and to have knowledge about tide cycles. A
basic model is currently developed at the University of Bremen but it will be essential to discuss and evaluate
the data with a colleague from Lamont Doherty Laboratories, Andreas Thurnherr, who is an expert in this field.
He already indicated his interest in participating in the data evaluation.
Temperature sensors
The sensors are autonomous and can record T at a rate of <5 min over >1 years. They are available for
measurement of high-T (>400°C) and low-T (<100°C) fluids.
Data wil be processed upon the recovery of the instruments in 2011, to study temporal variability (tidal forcing,
random T variations, seasonal/current-induced changes), spatial correlation of these variations among different
sites, and their correlation with seismicity.
NOC chemical and temperature sensors
NOC though NERC funded programmes has been involved in the development of sensors for the
determination of dissolved reduced species of manganese and iron. Early work demonstrated the use of the
Mn sensor on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV’S) in shallow coastal systems (Statham et al., 2003,
2005). This technology was developed further and recently the sensors developed at NOC for the
determination of Fe and Mn species, in collaboration with the WHOI deep submergence group, and had
success in the pin-pointing of hydrothermal vent sites using AUV’s (German et al., 2006). The use of a Fiber
Bragg grating allows the multi-point temperature sensing with a high level of accuracy and sensitivity. It is
envisaged that a number of sensing nodes will be deployed around the selected vent sites. We are in the
89
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
90
90
process of developing and in-situ methane sensor as part of the MOMARnet project, this is showing great
promise and we will have a fully deployable prototype of the system for the cruise in 2010.
We will require time to integrate our sensors onto the system to be deployed during the cruise, this will occur
ideally before the cruise. We envisage that the system for dissolved iron and manganese will have a
functioning life on the order of 2 months. The temperature sensor and the methane sensor will be operable for
the entire length of the deployment. We will require a minimum of 3 people on each cruise. This will allow the
deployment of the systems, and, we will work in association with Valerie Chavagnac to collect fluid samples for
the chemical characterisation of the environment at the time of deployment and recovery.
TEMPO
TEMPO [Sarrazin et al. 2007] is a long-term imaging module equipped with a deep-sea video camera and two
LED lights. An efficient biofouling protection is installed on the camera port hole and on the lights. A CHEMINI
Fe in situ analyzer and 3 temperature probes are coupled to the TEMPO module to monitor environmental
changes in parallel to community dynamics. The whole system is powered by a SEAMON node [Blandin et al.
2005]. TEMPO was tested and deployed during the Momareto cruise and was set to acquire time series (video
images, temperature and Fe concentrations) during 3 months on the bottom. Due to technical difficulties, it has
not been possible to recover TEMPO in 2007, but data is stored in the instrument, and recovery is planned for
the summer of 2008.
A second generation of in situ chemical analyzer (CHEMINI, Vuillemin et al. in press) based on flow analysis
and colorimetric detection was used for the analysis of total sulfide and iron II or total iron (II + III, Sarradin et
al. 2005).
Sampling followed by on board analysis remains often the only analytical way to complement the range of
geochemical species covered by in situ sensor, and to validate data obtained by in situ measurements. Pepito
is a small volume water sampler combining high number of samples (up to 25). It has been tested and used for
many different purposes: ground truthing of the CH4 sensor, in situ filtration, sampling of water samples in the
water surrounding hydrothermal assemblages.
The Aanderaa dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor 3830 is a life-time based optical sensor based on dynamic
fluorescence quenching (Tendberg et al.) .
90
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
91
91
DOCUMENT N° 4
MoMARSAT
ANALYSE ET TRAITEMENT DES ECHANTILLONS ET DES DONNEES
L’analyse et le traitement des données concerneront les 5 thèmes définis dans le document 1 :
• Thematic Package 1: Seismicity and hydrothermal activity
• Thematic Package 2: Vertical deformation of the seafloor at the Lucky Strike volcano
• Thematic Package 3: Chemical fluxes at Lucky Strike vents
• Thematic Package 4: Ecology at Lucky Strike vents
• Thematic Package 5: Physical oceanography
Dans les § qui suivent nous ne rentrons pas dans le le détail des traitements prévus : des informations peuvent
être trouvés dans le document 1, les références bibliographiques, et les fiches de valorisation des campagnes
antérieures.
Les données analysées à bord proviendront d’échantillonnage (fluides et biologie), de capteurs manipulés par
le ROV, de capteurs autonomes déployés pour de courtes durées (≤ durée campagne), de capteurs
autonomes déjà en place avant la campagne, et des capteurs connectés à SEAMON pour lesquels l’ensemble
des données n’auront pas été transmises par satellite (ex : sismomètre, caméra vidéo). Vous trouverez un
tableau de tous ces instruments dans le document 1 (§ 4). Un tableau spécifique aux instruments connectés à
SEAMON se trouve dans le document 2.
Le travail à terre concernera d’une part les données en temps semi-réel transmises par l’observatoire, et
d’autre part le traitement plus poussé des données acquises pendant les campagnes.
L'essentiel de l'exploitation des résultats devra être réalisé dans un délai de 12 à 24 mois après la seconde
campagne.
L’aspect original par rapport à des campagnes d’instrumentation plus classiques sera le fort poids donné à
l’intégration de données de type très différent (ex. données sismique et chimie, température des fluides), et
l’ambition des objectifs en termes de gestion et d’archivage des données. La mise au point d’une politique de
dissémination des données et d’une stratégie de traitement de ces données multidisciplinaires est un des
objectifs du projet MoMAR-Demo (cf plan de travail prévisionnel, Section 6 du Document 1).
La liste des participants et leurs principales responsabilités thématiques figurent dans le document 5.
1- Analyses et traitements des échantillons et des données effectués à bord
1-1 Ecology at Lucky Strike vents
Echantillons/ données
Traitement
Imagerie optique
Données in situ
Calibration laboratoire
Calibration in situ
Collecte d’échantillons pour comparaison
Reconstruction vidéo 3D
Prélèvements discrets
Particules
Echantillons biologiques
Construction d’un MNT
Acidification, congélation
Fixation
Tri
Dissection
Fixation (alcool, formol, azote liquide)
Transfert vers LabHorta
Fixation (alcool, formol, azote liquide)
Echantillons microbiologiques
Analyse à bord
Logiciel Adélie
Analyses automatiques et manuelles
Chemini
Analyseusr NOC
Capteur méthane
Capteur débit
Température
Optode O2
Mesures pH
1-2 Chemical fluxes at Lucky Strike vents
Stockage des échantillons, acidification des fluides hydrothermaux chauds, mesures de base (oxygène
dissout, alcalinité, H2S). Analyse des teneurs en méthane des fluides diffus prélevés près des capteurs de
chimie pour calibration. Egalement analyse des nutriments.
1-3 Seismicity and hydrothermal activity
En 2010 récupération d’un an de donnée des OBSs autonomes qui auront été redéployés en 2009
(BATHYLUCK-2009) sur le pourtour du volcan (localisation sur carte document 2). En 2011, récupération d’un
an d’enregistrement sur tous les instruments autonomes et connectés (OBSs, dont l’OBS connecté dont on
n’aura transmis qu’un subset de données via la liaison SEAMON, et sondes de température), premier
traitements et analyse préliminaire des séries temporelles.
91
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
92
92
1-4 Vertical deformation of the seafloor at the Lucky Strike volcano
En 2010, récupération des données des capteurs de pression qui auront été réinstallés en 2009 pendant
Bathyluck-2009 (localisation sur carte document 2), récupération des données GPS acquises en cours de
campagne puis dépouillement. En 2011, les données d’un des capteur de pression auront été récupérées en
temps semi réel, ainsi que celles des deux GPS (bouée Borel et station fixe à Faial). On mènera la seconde
campagne de mesures du réseau géodésique (5 ans après la première en 2006) et on intégrera ces données
aux données des deux capteurs de pression permanents.
1-5 Physical oceanography
Acquisition et traitement des données de CTD, d’ADCP de coque et, en 2011, d’un an d’enregistrement des
capteurs de température sur le mouillage de la bouée Borel.
2- Analyses et traitements des données en temps semi-réel transmises par l’observatoire
Les modalités de ce traitement feront l’objet d’un groupe de travail mis en place dès le printemps 2009 par le
projet MoMAR-Demo. En tout état de cause, ce traitement se fera en étroite collaboration entre les 4 thèmes
qui bénéficieront de données transmises par SEAMON et acquises par les capteurs autonomes, afin de
coupler, les données de température, de chimie des fluides, de sismicité, et de déformation verticale du sol. Un
des objectifs du travail préliminaire au cours de l’année 2009-2010 sera de préparer la détection d’évènements
dans une optique de « réponse rapide » et de faire l’interface avec les ingénieurs qui mèneront l’adaptation des
instruments au système SEAMON. Par exemple modifier le rythme d’échantillonnage de certains capteurs,
éventuellement organiser une intervention sur zone avec l’Archipelago (par exemple faire des prélèvements
d’eau pour détecter un panache après une éruption).
Analyse régulière des données transmises par SEAMON, suivi des enregistrements des capteurs
environementaux.
Analyse régulière des données transmises par les capteurs de chimie.
Analyse régulière des données transmises par l’OBS.
Analyse régulière des données transmises par le capteur de pression et par les 2 GPS (bouée Borel et station
fixe à Faial).
3- Analyses et traitements à terre des données acquises pendant les campagnes
Pour l’interprétation, il sera primordial de maintenir une communication étroite entre les groupes des différents
thèmes. En effet, l’essentiel du bénéfice scientifique viendra de la confrontation des données des différents
capteurs.
Plusieurs réunions sont prévues dans le cadre du projet MoMAR-Demo. Une réunion générale sera organisée
en fin 2011 afin de finaliser le traitement des données temporelles acquises par les différentes équipes.
Echantillons
Traitement/stockage
Analyse
Imagerie optique
DVD
Plaquage sur MNT
Mise à l’échelle
Traitements manuels et automatiques en cours de développement
PSA, ICP-MS, HSS-GC, MEB, CI
Prélèvements discrets (eau / Acidification
particules)
Congélation
Données courants
Echantillons biologiques
Fixation
Congélation
Traitement
-Composition, densité, biomasse
- Calorimétrie, isotope stables
- Echantillonnage pour ADN et ARN
Analyse géochimique plus poussée (incluant rapports isotopiques stables et radiogéniques pour les fluides
hydrothermaux chauds). Dépouillement des séries temporelles des capteurs chimiques. Interprétation.
Dépouillement des enregistrements sismiques complets, identification des évènements, caractérisation des
profondeurs hypocentrales (en utilisant les modèles de vitesse établis pour le substratum du volcan pendant la
campagne SISMOMAR ; Seher et al., 2006). Comparaison avec les données enregistrées simultanéement par
le réseau régional d’hydrophones (AHA ; projet MARCHE, J. Goslin, J. Perrot et al.). Analyse des mécanismes
92
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
93
93
au foyer des principaux évènements. Interprétation. Dépouillement conjoint des enregistrements des sondes
de température autonomes, analyse des variations temporelles et géographiques, interprétation, modélisation.
Synthèse des 3 ans de données sur le réseau géodésique (2006-2011), intégration des données
d’océanographie physique et des données GPS et interprétation en termes de mouvements verticaux du sol.
Analyse des séries temporelles, intégration des données des 2 campagnes de mesure du réseau géodésique,
lien avec la sismicité et les variations de température et de chimie des fluides, interprétation.
3-5 Physical oceanography
Synthèse d’un an d’enregistrement de la chaîne de thermistances autonomes, étude de la dynamique de la
colonne d’eau, ondes de volume.
4- Archivage
Les opérations effectuées pendant la campagne seront archivées via le logiciel embarqué Alamer. Les
échantillons et données seront ensuite référencés dans la base de données BIOCEAN et associés à leur
détenteur. Cette base sera consultable par les participants à la campagne. Les rapports de plongées et les
données acquises par le submersible seront accessibles après la mission sous forme de CD-ROM. Les
données vidéoscopiques brutes seront à la disposition des participants de la campagne après engagement de
confidentialité vis-à-vis des médias.
L’archivage, et le contrôle des données issues des campagnes et délivrées par l’observatoire seront pris en
compte par le département IDM Ifremer sur une base existante. Les modalités de cette prise en compte seront
définies en début de projet par les participants, en accord avec les standards ESONET et internationaux. Les
principes de la mise à disposition des données pendant la durée du projet seront approuvés par chaque
participant et répondront également aux spécifications qui seront définies dans le cadre du NoE ESONET. En
fin de projet, ces données seront accessibles via la base de données ESONET.
93
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
94
94
DOCUMENT N°5
MoMARSAT
EQUIPE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE
1 - Equipe demandeuse
Chef(s) de mission :
Mathilde Cannat, IPGP
Jérôme Blandin, Ifremer
Pierre-Marie Sarradin, Ifremer
Equipe embarquée
Les participations à la campagne 2010 sont définies sous réserve de changements qui seront dans tous les
cas effectués sous la responsabilité des équipes partenaires, afin d’assurer la mise en œuvre des instruments
dont elles ont la responsabilité. Les participations à la campagne 2011 sont ouvertes pour l’instant (chaque
personne impliquée ayant donné son accord de principe) et seront définies dans les mêmes conditions. Les
noms des PIs des principales expériences sont en gras. Les thèmes principaux listés pour chaque participant
sont ceux du projet scientifique soit :
• Thematic Package 1: Seismicity and hydrothermal activity
• Thematic Package 2: Vertical deformation of the seafloor at the Lucky Strike volcano
• Thematic Package 3: Chemical fluxes at Lucky Strike vents
• Thematic Package 4: Ecology at Lucky Strike vents
• Thematic Package 5: Physical oceanography
Gabriella Queiroz, directrice du Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Université des
Açores, ou un de ses post-docs, participera à la campagne 2011 dans le but de renforcer, par des échanges
scientifiques et méthodologiques et l’échange de données, l’intégration entre monitoring sismique et
volcanologie terrestre et fond de mer et entre les différents chantiers du nœud Açores d’ESONET.
Nom Prénom
Cannat, Mathilde
Institut
Laboratoire
IPGP
Géologie/géophysique
1
X
Blandin, Jérôme
Ifremer TSI
Electronique
2
X
Sarradin, Pierre
Marie
Ifremer DEEP
Biogéochimie
3
X
Colaço, Ana
biology
4
X
biology
5
X
Sarrazin, Jozée
IMAR DOP,
Azores
IMAR DOP,
Azores
Ifremer DEEP
écologie
6
X
Ing (C. Le Gall)
Ifremer DEEP
Chimie
7
X
Tech 2
Ifremer DEEP
Biologie
8
X
Etudiant
Waeles, Mathieu
Ifremer DEEP
IUEM UBO
Ecologie
Chimie
9
10
X
X
Khripounoff, A.
Ifremer DEEP
Biologie
11
X
Legrand, Julien
Coail, Jean Yves
Ifremer TSI
Ifremer TSI
Ifremer TSI
Ifremer TSI/ou
DEEP
Ifremer SM
IPGP
IPGP
IPGP
IPGP
IPGP
IPGP
électronique
électronique
mécanique
mécanique
12
13
14
15
X
X
géophysique
géophysique
géophysique
Géophysique
Géophysique
mécanique
16
17
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IPGP
IPGP
IPGP
électronique
géophysique
mécanique
Etudiant
Dentrecolas S.
Escartin , Javier
Fabrice Fontaine
Crawford, Wayne
Singh Satish
Etudiant
Christophe
Courrier
Romual Daniel
Ballu, Valérie
Pot, Olivier
Spécialité
2010 2011
18
19
20
21
X
X
Responsabilité
et rôle à bord
Chef de mission
Coordination géologie/ géophysique
Chef de mission
Coordination Technique
Chef de mission
Coordination écologie et plongées
Acquisition données environnementales
Site management
Trophic ecology
Site management
Trophic ecology
Ecologie
Coordination Public outreach,
Acquisition données in situ /
CHEMINI/Instrumentation
Echantillonnage / Préparation plongées/
Adélie / Biocéan
Thème(s)
1
SEAMON
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3, 4
Echantillonnage eau / Analyse métaux /
PEPITO
Déploiement et récupération de piège à
particules
SEAMON
SEAMON
SEAMON – CDC
SEAMON/BOREL/ instrumentation Victor
SEAMON
SEAMON
SEAMON
SEAMON
Imagerie TEMPO
Temperature sensors
Temperature sensors
OBS
OBS
Temperature sensors and OBSs
OBS
SEAMON
1
1
1
1
1
1
OBS
Geodesy
1
2
4, 5
94
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
Lecomte, Benoit
Rommevaux,
Céline
Cedric Boulart
Valérie Chavagnac
Christophe Monnin
Reverdin, Gilles
Pascale Bouruet
Miranda, M.
IPGP
IPGP
95
95
électronique
22
X
Geodesy
géomicrobio
23
X
Colonisation
Chimie
Chimie
chimie
océanographie
océanographie
géophysique
Webmaster
LMTG, Toulouse
LMTG, Toulouse
LMTG, Toulouse
LOCEAN
LOCEAN
FFCUL/CGU
Lisbon
FFCUL/CGU
Lisbon
Univ. Bremen
Univ. Bremen
NOC,
Southampton
NOC,
Southampton
NOC,
Southampton
NOC,
Southampton
Marum, Germany
CVARG, Azores
Océanopolis,
Brest
Ifremer ou INSU
Com 1
Télé
Com 2
télé
Ingénieur
Villinger Heinrich
Kaul Norbert
Connelly, Doug
Cedric Floquet
B. Murton
engineer
Von Halem, O.
Gabriela Queiroz
Girhon, Sylvain
24
25
26
27
X
X
X
2
4
Chemical sensors and Fluid sampling
Fluid sampling
Fluid sampling
ADCP(CTD), waterT
ADCP(CTD), waterT
Mouillage et récupération de 4 OBS
autonomes
0BS
3
3
3
5
5
1
géophysique
28
géophysique
géophysique
Chimie
29
30
31
X
X
X
OBM deployment and recovery
OBM deployment and recovery
Chemical sensors and Fluid sampling
2
2
3
Chimie
32
X
Chemical sensors
3
Instrumentation
33
FBG T°C sensor
3
X
Chemical sensors
3
CTD/ADCP deployment and recovery
Volcanology
Education
5
1
Public
Outreach
Public
Outreach
Public
Outreach
Public
Outreach
Instrumentation
Oceanography
Vulcanologie
education
34
35
X
X
X
communication
36
X
Web campagnes
journalisme
X
Film campagne
journalisme
X
Film campagne
1
2 à 4 embarquants sont prévus pour le projet communication à définir (site web, dissémination dans le réseau
d’aquarium et film grand public). Une navette avec l’Archipelago (financement ESONET) permettra
l’embarquement de 36 scientifiques. L’utilisation de cette navette en cours de campagne permet d’optimiser le
séjour à bord pour 6 personnes et d’augmenter la capacité du navire.
Equipe à terre
Nom Prénom
Institut
Laboratoire
Tous les participants listés plus haut
Et :
Carval, T.
Ifremer IDM
Matt Mowlem
NOC
Francis Lucazeau
IPGP
Rui Manuel Fernandez
U. Lisbonne
(Portu)
Fernando Santos
U. Lisbonne
(Portu)
Ricardo Santos
IMAR DOP
Jean Goslin
IUEM
Julie Perrot
IUEM
Jérome Ammann
IUEM
Pascal Tarits
IUEM
Satish Singh
IPGP
Pierre Agrinier
IPGP
Magalie Ader
IPGP
Hélène Ondréas
Ifremer
Delauney, Laurent
Ifremer ERT
Riso, Ricardo
Labo de chimie
marine IUEM
Cosson, Richard
Isomer Nantes
Legendre, P.
Univ. Montréal
A. Guillemot
Ifremer / TSI
M.C . Fabri
Ifremer / DEEP
Spécialité
Responsabilité et rôle
Temps consacré
(Equivalent temps plein)
Data
ingénieur
géophysique
géophysique
Data management
chimie
Flux et température fluides
GPS
15%
30%
20%
20%
géophysique
Sismicité-EM
10%
biologie
géophysique
géophysique
ingénieur
géophysique
géophysique
géochimie
géochimie
géologie
Instrumentation
Chimie
Site managemt/ Econ. Users
Sismicité régionale
Sismicité régionale
géodésie
EM
Contexte géophysique
Isotopes fluides
Isotopes fluides
Cartographie-SIG
Méthode antifouling
Analyse des métaux
10%
30%
30%
15%
30%
5%
5%
5%
10%
5%
10%
Ecotoxicologie
Biostatistiques
Informatique
Ecologie / Informatique
Analyse des échantillons de modioles
Traitement des données
Réception de données à terre
Traitement des données, base de données Biocéan
15%
5%
5%
15%
Campagnes auxquelles les membres de l’équipe demandeuse ont participé au cours des 6 dernières
années
Nom des campagnes
RV L’Atalante / Victor 6000 (ATOS)
JCR 65, 2001, (James Clark Ross. U.K),
MAR
CD 128, 2001. (Charles Darwin, U.K.)
CD 168 Indian Ocean
Année
2001
2001
2001
2001
Noms des membres de l’équipe demandeuse ayant participé
P.M Sarradin, Ana Colaço,
D. Connelly
D. Connelly
V. Chavagnac
95
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
96
96
R/V Martha Black. Atlantique N. ROPOS.
2001
J. Sarrazin
SWIFT
2001
M. Cannat
R/V Aegaeo / manned sub Thetys
2002
J. Blandin, J.P. Lévêque, J. Ammann
RV L’Atalante / Victor 6000 (SEAHMA)
2002
Ana Colaço
R/V Arquipélago
2002
Ana Colaço
ODP Leg 205
2002
V. Chavagnac
PHARE
2002
P.M Sarradin
LuckyFlux
2003
F. Lucazeau, J. Escartin
RV Meteor 58/3 / ROV Quest
2003
Ana Colaço
R/V Arquipélago (Cage recoveries)
2003
Ana Colaço
SWIR 61-65
2003
M. Cannat
R/V Aegaeo
2004
J. Blandin, J.P. Lévêque, J. Ammann
AT 11/7 EPR
2004
J. Escartin
2004
J. Blandin, J.P. Lévêque, J.Y. Coail, J. Legrand, J. Ammann, V. Ballu
2004
D. Connelly
KM04-17, 2004. (RV Kilo Moana, USA)
2004
C. Boulart
PHABOP. 2004. (N/O Côtes de la Manche)
2004
J. Blandin, J.P. Lévêque, J.Y. Coail, J. Legrand, J. Ammann
R/V Knorr V. 182
2005
J. Escartin (shore-based PI)
SISMOMAR
2005
W. Crawford, M. Cannat, D. Dusunur
EXOMAR – R/V L’Atalante / Victor 6000
2005
Ana Colaço, P.M Sarradin
EXOCET/D-MOB-0 - R/V Arquipélago
2005
Ana Colaço, P.M Sarradin
2005
D. Connelly
CD 167. 2005. (Charles Darwin. U.K.)
ENCENS
2006
F. Lucazeau
Graviluck
2006
V. Ballu, J. Ammann, J. Escartin, M. Cannat
ENCENS-FLUX
2006
F. Lucazeau (PI), D. Dusunur
MoMARETO - R/V Pourquoi Pas ? /Victor
2006
P.M. Sarradin, J. Sarrazin, C. Le Gall, J. Legrand. A.G. Allais, S.
Dentrecolas
2006
D. Connelly, C. Boulart
KH06-4. 2006. (R/V Hakuho Maru,
JAMSTEC)
MEDECO - R/V Pourquoi Pas ? /Victor
2006
Sarrazin, Le Gall
BBMoMAR RV Le Suroit
2007 et
Crawford, W. Tarits P.
2008
MoMAR2008-Leg1
2008
Escartin J., Sarradin
2 - Références scientifiques de l’équipe demandeuse
cf fiche validation de campagne : ATOS (2001),SWIR61-65 (2003), SISMOMAR (2005), Graviluck (2006), ,
MoMARETO (2006), BBMoMAR (2007-2008) et MoMAR2008-Leg1 (2008)
Assenbaum, M., and G. Reverdin, Near real-time analyses of the mesoscale circulation during the POMME experiment, Deep- Sea
Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 52 (8), 1345-1373, 2005.
Bacon, S., G. Reverdin, I.G. Rigor, and H.M. Snaith, A freshwater jet on the east Greenland shelf, Journal of Geophysical ResearchOceans, 107 (C7), 2002.
Ballu V., Diament M., Briole P. et Ruegg J.C., 2003, 1985-1999 gravity field temporal variations across the Asal Rift : insights on vertical
movements and mass transfer - Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 208, 41-49.
Bojariu, R., and G. Reverdin, Large-scale variability modes of freshwater flux and precipitation over the Atlantic, Climate Dynamics, 18 (5),
369-381, 2002.
Boulart, C., P. Flament, V. Gentilhomme, K. Deboudt, C. Migon, F. Lizon, M. Schapira and A. Lefebvre (2006). "Atmospherically-promoted
photosynthetic activity in a well-mixed ecosystem: Significance of wet deposition events of nitrogen compounds." Estuarine, Coastal
and Shelf Science 69(3-4): 449.Beer, D. de, Sauter, E., Niemann, H., Kaul, N.,
Bourras, D., G. Reverdin, H. Giordani, and G. Caniaux, Response of the atmospheric boundary layer to a mesoscale oceanic eddy in the
northeast Atlantic, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 109 (D18), 1-19, 2004.
Caniaux, G., A. Brut, D. Bourras, H. Giordani, A. Paci, L. Prieur, and G. Reverdin, A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern
Atlantic basin during the POMME experiment: 1. Flux estimates, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 110 (C7), 2005b.
Caniaux, G., S. Belamari, H. Giordani, A. Paci, L. Prieur, and G. Reverdin, A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern Atlantic
basin during the POMME experiment: 2. Flux optimization, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 110 (C7), 2005a.
Cannat, M., C. Rommevaux-Jestin, and H. Fujimoto, Melt supply variations to a magma-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge (Southwest Indian
Ridge 61° to 69°E)., Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4 (8), 2002GC000480, 2003.
Cannat, M., D. Sauter, V. Mendel, E. Ruellan, K. Okino, J. Escartin, V. Combier, and M. Baala, Modes of seafloor generation at a melt-poor
ultra-slow-spreading ridge, Geology, 34 (7), 605-608, 2006.
Cannat, M., J. Cann, and J. Maclennnan (2004), Some hard rock constraints on the supply of heat to mid-ocean ridges, in Mid-Ocean
Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 148, edited by C. R. German, J.
Lin, and L.M. Parson, pp. 111-150, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Cardigos, F., A. Colaço, P.R. Dando, S.P. Avila, P.M. Sarradin, F. Tempera, P. Conceiçao, A. Pascoal and R. Serrao Santos (2005)
Shallow water hydrothermal vent field fluids and communities of the D. Joao de Castro Seamount (Azores). Chemical Geology, 224:
153-168.
Chausson F., C. R. Bridges, P. M. Sarradin, B. N. Green, R. Riso, J. C. Caprais and F. H. Lallier (2001) Structural and functional properties
of hemocyanin Cyanagraea praedator, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent crab. Proteins, 45, 351-359.
Chausson, F., S. Sanglier, E. Leize, A. Hagège, C.R. Bridges, P.M. Sarradin, B. Shillito, F. Lallier and F. Zal. (2004). Respiratory
adaptations of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent crab. Micron, 35, 27-29.
Chavagnac, V., A geochemical and Nd isotopic study of Barberton komatiites (South Africa): implication for the Archean mantle, Lithos, 75
(3-4), 253-281, 2004.
Chavagnac, V., B.M. Jahn, I.M. Villa, M.J. Whitehouse, and D.Y. Liu, Multichronometric evidence for an in situ origin of the ultrahighpressure metamorphic terrane of Dabieshan, China, Journal of Geology, 109 (5), 633-646, 2001a.
Chavagnac, V., C.R. German, J.A. Milton, and M.R. Palmer, Sources of REE in sediment cores from the Rainbow vent site (36 degrees 14 '
N, MAR), Chemical Geology, 216 (3-4), 329-352, 2005.
Chavagnac, V., J.D. Kramers, T.F. Nagler, and L. Holzer, The behaviour of Nd and Pb isotopes during 2.0 Ga migmatization in
paragneisses of the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt (South Africa and Botswana), Precambrian Research, 112 (1-2), 51- 86, 2001b.
96
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
97
97
Chu, N.C., R.N. Taylor, V. Chavagnac, R.W. Nesbitt, R.M. Boella, J.A. Milton, C.R. German, G. Bayon, and K. Burton, Hf isotope ratio
analysis using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: an evaluation of isobaric interference corrections, Journal
of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 17 (12), 1567-1574, 2002.
Colaço A., Desbruyères D. & Dehairs F., 2002. Nutritional relations of deep-sea hydrothermal fields at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a stable
isotope approach. Deep-Sea Research.49: 395-412.
Colaço, A., Bustamante, P., Fouquet, Y., Sarradin, P.M., Serrao Santos, R. (2006) Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cu, and Zn in the Azores triple
junction hydrothermal vent fields food web. Chemosphere.
Colaço, A., F. Dehairs, D. Desbruyères, N. Le Bris and P.M. Sarradin . (2002). d13C signature of hydrothermal mussels is related with the
end-member fluid concentrations of H2S and CH4 at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 43(34), 259-262.
Colaco, A., F. Dehairs, D. Desbruyeres, N. Le Bris, and P.M. Sarradin, delta C-13 signature of hydrothermal mussels is related with the
end-member fluid concentrations of H2S and CH4 at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields, Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 43
(3-4), 259-262, 2002.
Connelly D.P. and C.R. German. 2002. Total dissolvable manganese anomalies over the Knipovich Ridge: Evidence for hydrothermal
activity. EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. U83, OS 205-206.
Crawford, W.C., and S.C. Webb, Removing tilt noise from low frequency (<0.1 Hz) seafloor vertical seismic data, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 90
(4), 952-963, 2000.
Crawford, W.C., and S.C. Webb, Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at
9°-10°N, Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 203 (1), 117-130, 2002.
Crawford, W.C., J.A. Hildebrand, L.M. Dorman, S.C. Webb, and D.A. Wiens, Tonga Ridge and Lau Basin crustal structure from seismic
refraction data, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (4), 19 pp, 2003.
Crawford, W.C., R.A. Stephen, and S.T. Bolmer, A second look at low-frequency marine vertical seismometer data quality at the OSN-1 site
off Hawaii for seafloor, buried and borehole emplacements, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 96 (5), 1952-1960, 2006.
Crawford, W.C., The sensitivity of seafloor compliance measurements to sub-basalt sediments, Geophys. J. Int., 157 (1130- 1145), 2004.
De Busserolles F, Sarrazin J, Gauthier O , Gélinas Y, Fabri MC, Sarradin PM, Desbruyères D, Are spatial dietary variations of hydrothermal
fauna linked to local environmental conditions? 2009, Deep Sea Research part II, accepted with revisions.
de Sigoyer, J., V. Chavagnac, J. Blichert-Toft, I.M. Villa, B. Luais, S. Guillot, M. Cosca, and G. Mascle, Dating the Indian continental
subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites, Geology, 28 (6), 487-490,
2000.
de Sigoyer, J., V. Chavagnac, J. Blichert-Toft, I.M. Villa, B. Luais, S. Guillot, M. Cosca, and G. Mascle, Dating the Indian continental
subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites: Reply, Geology, 29 (2),
192-192, 2001.
Desbruyères D., M. Biscoito, J. C. Caprais, A. Colaço, P. Crassous, Y. Fouquet, A. Khripounoff, N. Le Bris, K. Olu, R. Riso, P. M. Sarradin,
M. Segonzac and A. Vangriesheim (sous presse) Variations in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
when approaching the Azores plateau. (2001) Deep-Sea Research I 48: 1325-1346
Desbruyeres, D., A. Almeida, M. Biscoito, T. Comtet, A. Khripounoff, N. Le Bris, P.M. Sarradin, and M. Segonzac, A review of the
distribution of hydrothermal vent communities along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: dispersal vs. environmental controls,
Hydrobiologia, 440 (1-3), 201-216, 2000.
Desbruyeres, D., M. Biscoito, J.C. Caprais, A. Colaco, T. Comtet, P. Crassous, Y. Fouquet, A. Khripounoff, N. Le Bris, K. Olu, R.
Riso, P.M. Sarradin, M. Segonzac, and A. Vangriesheim, Variations in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities on the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Azores plateau, Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 48 (5), 13251346, 2001.
Desbruyères, D., M. Biscoito, J.C. Caprais, A. Colaco, T. Comtet, P. Crassous, Y. Fouquet, A. Khripounoff, N. Le Bris, K. Olu, R. Riso, P.M.
Sarradin, M. Segonzac and A. Vangriesheim (2001) Variations in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
near the Azores Plateau. Deep-Sea Research I, 48, 1325-1346.
Deser, C., M. Holland, G. Reverdin, and M. Timlin, Decadal variations in Labrador Sea ice cover and North Atlantic sea surface
temperatures, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 107 (C5), 2002.
Dewitte, B., and G. Reverdin, Vertically propagating annual and interannual variability in an OGCM simulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean
in 1985-94, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30 (7), 1562-1581, 2000.
du Penhoat, Y., G. Reverdin, and G. Caniaux, A Lagrangian investigation of vertical turbulent heat fluxes in the upper ocean during Tropical
Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE), Journal of Geophysical ResearchOceans, 107 (C5), 2002.
Ducet, N., P.Y. Le Traon, and G. Reverdin, Global high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and-2,
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 105 (C8), 19477-19498, 2000.
Durand, F., and G. Reverdin, A statistical method for correcting salinity observations from autonomous profiling floats: An ARGO
perspective, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 22 (3), 292-301, 2005.
Edmonds H.N., Michael P.J., Baker E.T., Connelly D.P. Snow J.E., Langmuir C.H., Dick H.J.B., German C.R. and D.W. Graham. 2003.
Abundant hydrothermal venting along the ultra-slow spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean. Nature. 421 (6920): 252-256.
Escartín, J, The Oceanic Lithosphere, in Geophysics and Geochemistry, J. Lastovicka (Ed.), in Encyclopedia of Life Support
Systems (EOLSS), developed under the auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK, [http://www.eolss.net],
2004.
Escartín, J., C. Mével, C.J. MacLeod, and A.M. McCaig, Constraints on deformation conditions and the origin of oceanic detachments: The
Mid-Atlantic Ridge core complex at 15°45'N, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4 (8), 1067, doi:10.1029/2001GC000278, 2003.
Escartin, J., D.K. Smith, and M. Cannat, Parallel bands of seismicity at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 12-14°N, Geophysical Research Letters, 30
(12), 2003GL017226, 2003.
Escartín, J., M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen, A. Rabain, and J. Lin, 2001. Crustal thickness of the V-shaped ridges south of the Azores:
Interaction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36°-39°N) and the Azores hot spot, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21719-21735.
Evans, R.L., S.C. Webb, W.C. Crawford, C. Golden, K. Key, L. Lewis, H. Miyano, E. Roosen, and D. Doherty, Crustal resistivity structure at
9°50'N on the East Pacific Rise: Preliminary results of an electromagnetic survey, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (6), 4 pp, 2002.
Nédélec, F., P.J. Statham, and M. Mowlem, Processes influencing dissolved iron distributions below the surface at the Atlantic Ocean Celtic Sea shelf edge. Marine Chemistry., 2006. in press.
Ferry, N., and G. Reverdin, Sea surface salinity interannual variability in the western tropical Atlantic: An ocean general circulation model
study, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 109 (C5), 2004.
Ferry, N., G. Reverdin, and A. Oschlies, Seasonal sea surface height variability in the North Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical
Research-Oceans, 105 (C3), 6307-6326, 2000.
Fontaine, F. J., and S. D. Wilcock (2006), Dynamics and storage of brine in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 111,
B06102, doi:06110.01029/02005JB003866.
Fontaine, F. J., M. Rabinowicz, and J. Boulègue (2001), Permeability changes due to mineral diagenesis in fractured crust: implications for
hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 184, 407-425.
Fontaine, F. J., W. S. D. Wilcock, and M. Rabinowicz (2006, in press), Physical constraints on the dynamics and storage of brines in MidOcean Ridge hydrothermal systems, Earth Planet Sci. Lett.
97
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
98
98
Geret, F., R. Riso, P.M. Sarradin, J.C Caprais and R. Cosson. (2002). Metal compartmentalization and metallothioneins in the shrimp,
Rimicaris exoculata, from the Rainbow hydrothermal field (Mid Atlantic Ridge); preliminary approach to the fluidorganism relationship.
Cahier de Biologie Marine 43, 43-52.
German, C.R., Edward T. Baker , Douglas Connelly , John Lupton , Joseph Resing , Ralf Prien , Sharon Walker , Henrietta Edmonds ,
Charles H. Langmuir 2006. Hydrothermal Exploration of the Fonualei Rift & Spreading Centre and the North East Lau Spreading
Centre. Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems. In Press.
Goslin, J., Lourenço, N., Dziak, R.P., Bohnenstiehl, D.R., Joe Haxel, J. and Luis, J., 2005. Long-term seismicity of the Reykjanes Ridge
(North Atlantic) recorded by a regional hydrophone array. Geophysical Journal International, 162, 516- 524.
Hulme, T., A. Ricolleau, Sara Bazin, W.C. Crawford, and S.C. Singh, Shear wave structure from joint analysis of seismic and seafloor
compliance data, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 514-520, 2003.
Hulme, T., W.C. Crawford, and S.C. Singh, The sensitivity of compliance to two-dimensional low-velocity anomalies, Geophys. J. Int., 163,
547-558, 2005.
Hurrell, J.W., M. Visbeck, A. Busalacchi, R.A. Clarke, T.L. Delworth, R.R. Dickson, W.E. Johns, K.P. Koltermann, Y. Kushnir, D. Marshall,
C. Mauritzen, M.S. McCartney, A. Piola, C. Reason, G. Reverdin, F. Schott, R. Sutton, I. Wainer, and D. Wright, Atlantic climate
variability and predictability: A CLIVAR perspective, Journal of Climate, 19 (20), 5100-5121, 2006.
Illig, S., B. Dewitte, N. Ayoub, Y. du Penhoat, G. Reverdin, P. De Mey, F. Bonjean, and G.S.E. Lagerloef, Interannual long equatorial waves
in the tropical Atlantic from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model experiment in 1981-2000, Journal of Geophysical
Research-Oceans, 109 (C2), 2004.
Krahmann, G., M. Visbeck, and G. Reverdin, Formation and propagation of temperature anomalies along the North Atlantic Current,
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31 (5), 1287-1303, 2001.
Laurian, A., A. Lazar, G. Reverdin, K. Rodgers, and P. Terray, Poleward propagation of spiciness anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean,
Geophysical Research Letters, 33 (13), 2006.
Le Bris, N., P.M. Sarradin and J.C. Caprais (2003). Contrasted sulphide chemistries in the environment of 13°N EPR vent fauna. Deep Sea
Research I, 50: 737-747.
Le Cann, B., M. Assenbaum, J.C. Gascard, and G. Reverdin, Observed mean and mesoscale upper ocean circulation in the midlatitude
northeast Atlantic, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 110 (C7), 2005.
Lucazeau, F., A. Bonneville, J. Escartin, R.P. Von Herzen, P. Gouze, H. Carton, M. Cannat, V. Vidal, and C. Adam, Heat flow variations on
a slowly accreting ridge: Constraints on the hydrothermal and conductive cooling for the Lucky Strike segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37
degrees N), Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 7, 2006.
M Mowlem, G. Benazzi, D. Holmes, H. Morgan, C. Haas, M. Kraft, A. Taberham, V. Chavagnac, P.J. Statham, and P. Burkill. Micro System
Technology for Marine Measurement. in Oceans 06. 2006. Boston, MA, USA.
Maciej Sosna, Guy Denuault, Robin W. Pascal, Ralf D. Prien, and Matt Mowlem, Development of a reliable microelectrode dissolved
oxygen sensor. Sensors and actuators B, 2006. in press.
Marques, A.F.A., F. Barriga, V. Chavagnac, and Y. Fouquet, Mineralogy, geochemistry, and Nd isotope composition of the Rainbow
hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Mineralium Deposita, 41 (1), 52-67, 2006.
Memery, L., G. Reverdin, J. Paillet, and A. Oschlies, Introduction to the POMME special section: Thermocline ventilation and
biogeochemical tracer distribution in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and impact of mesoscale dynamics, Journal of Geophysical
Research-Oceans, 110 (C7), 2005.
Mikhailov, V., S. Tikhotsky, M. Diament, I. Panet, and V. Ballu, Can tectonic processes be recovered from new gravity satellite data?, Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 228 (3-4), 281-297, 2004.
Montagner, J.-P., J.-F. Karczewski, E. Stutzmann, G. Roult, W.C. Crawford, P. Lognonné, L. Béguery, S. Cacho, G. Coste, J.-C. Koenig, J.
Savary, B. Romanowicz, and D. Stakes, "Geophysical Ocean Bottom Observatories or temporary portable networks? Erice workshop
Proc., Sept. 1999," Dev. Mar. Tech., 12, pp. 59-82, 2002.
Ondréas H., M. Cannat, Y. Fouquet, A. Normand, P.M Sarradin and J. Sarrazin. Recent volcanic events and the distribution of
hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.,
doi:10.1029/2008GC002171, in press, 2009.
Oufi, O., M. Cannat, and H. Horen, Magnetic properties of variably serpentinized abyssal peridotites, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107
(B5), 2001JB000549, 2002.
Paci, A., G. Caniaux, M. Gavart, H. Giordani, M. Levy, L. Prieur, and G. Reverdin, A high-resolution simulation of the ocean during the
POMME experiment: Simulation results and comparison with observations, Journal of Geophysical Research- Oceans, 110 (C7), 2005.
Piccino P, F. Viard, P.M. Sarradin, N. Le Bris, D. Le Guen, D. Jollivet. (2004). Thermal selection of PGM allozymes in newly founded
populations of the thermolerant vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 271, 2351-2359.
Rabain, A., M. Cannat, J. Escartín, G. Pouliquen, C. Deplus and C. Rommevaux-Jestin, 2001, Focused volcanism and growth of a slowspreading segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35°N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 185, 211-224.
Ravaux, J., F. Gaill, N. Le Bris, P.M. Sarradin , D. Jollivet and B. Shillito (2003). Heat shock response and temperature resistance in the
deep-sea vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203(14) 2345-2354.
Reverdin, G., and F. Hernandez, Variability of the Azores Current during October-December 1993, Journal of Marine Systems, 29 (1-4),
101-123, 2001.
Reverdin, G., F. Durand, J. Mortensen, F. Schott, H. Valdimarsson, and W. Zenk, Recent changes in the surface salinity of the North
Atlantic subpolar gyre, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 107 (C12), 2002.
Reverdin, G., M. Assenbaum, and L. Prieur, Eastern North Atlantic Mode Waters during POMME (September 2000-2001), Journal of
Geophysical Research-Oceans, 110 (C7), 2005.
Reverdin, G., P.P. Niiler, and H. Valdimarsson, North Atlantic Ocean surface currents, Journal of Geophysical Research- Oceans, 108
(C1), 2003.
Reverdin, G., The influence of ocean circulation on climate variability, Houille Blanche-Revue Internationale De L Eau (8), 52- 56, 2002.
Roult, G., and W. Crawford, Analysis of 'background' free oscillations and how to improve resolution by subtracting the atmospheric
pressure signal, Phys. Earth Plan. Int., 121, 325-338, 2000.
Sarradin, P.M., J. Sarrazin, E. Sauter, B. Shillito, C. Waldmann , K. Olu, A. Colaco and the EXOCET/D consortium. (2003). EXtreme
ecosystem studies in the deep OCEan: Technological developments: EXOCET/D. InterRidge News 12(2), 11.
Sarradin, P.M., N. Le Bris, C. Le Gall and P. Rodier (2005) Fe analysis by the ferrozine method: Adaptation to FIA towards in situ analysis
in hydrothermal environment. Talanta 66: 1131-1138.
Sarradin Pierre-Marie, Delphine Lannuzel, Matthieu Waeles, Philippe Crassous, Nadine Le Bris, Jean Claude Caprais, Yves Fouquet,
Marie Claire Fabri, Ricardo Riso. Dissolved and particulate metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in two habitats from an active hydrothermal field
on the EPR at 13°N. STOTEN, accepted for publication, 2007.
Sarradin Pierre-Marie, Matthieu Waeles, Solène Bernagout, Christian Le Gall, Jozée Sarrazin, Ricardo Riso. Speciation of dissolved copper
within an active hydrothermal edifice on the Lucky Strike vent field (MAR, 37°N). (2009) Science of the Total Environment 407 (2) 869
Sarrazin, J., C. Levesque, S.K. Juniper and M.K. Tivey. (2002). Mosaic community dynamics on Juan de Fuca Ridge sulphide edifices :
Substratum, temperature and implications for trophic structures. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 43, 275-279.
Sarrazin, J., Sarradin, P.M. and the MoMARETO cruise participants, MoMARETO: a cruise dedicated to the spatio-temporal dynamics and
the adaptations of hydrothermal vent fauna on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge InterRidge News, (2006), V15, 24-33.
98
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
99
99
Sarrazin J., Walter C., Sarradin P.M., Brind’Amour A., Desbruyères D., Briand P., Fabri M.C., Van Gaever S., Van Reusel A., Bachraty C.,
Thièbaut E. Cah. Biol. Mar. (2006) 47
Sarrazin J., P.M. Sarradin, E. Buffier, A. Christophe, G. Clodic, D. Desbruyères, Y. Fouquet, M. Gouillou, M. Jannez, Y. Le Fur, J. Le Rest,
F. Lecornu, O. Lefort, S. Lux, B. Millet, P. Guillemet. A real-time dive on active hydrothermal vents. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June
2007, Aberdeen Scotland.
Sarrazin J., J. Blandin, L. Delauney, S. Dentrecolas, P. Dorval, J. Dupont, J. Legrand, D. Leroux, P. Léon, J.P. Lévèque, P. Rodier, R.
Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin. TEMPO: a new ecological module for studying deep-sea community dynamics at hydrothermal Vents.
OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland.
Sasagawa, G., W. Crawford, O. Eiken, S. Nooner, T. Stenvold, and M. Zumberge, A new seafloor gravimeter, Geophysics, 68 (2), 544-553,
2003.
Searle, R.C., and J. Escartín, The morphology and rheology of oceanic lithosphere, in Mid Ocean Ridges. Hydrothermal interactions
between the lithosphere and the oceans, edited by C. R. German, J. Lin, and L. M. Parson, AGU Monograph n. 148, 63-94, 2004.
Seyler, M., M. Cannat, and C. Mével, Evidence for major element heterogeneity in the mantle source of abyssal peridotites from the
southwest Indian Ridge (52 to 68° East), Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4 (2), 2002GC000305, 2003.
Seyler, M., M. Toplis, J.P. Lorand, A. Luguet and M. Cannat, 2001, Clinopyroxene microtextures reveal incompletely extracted melts in
abyssal peridotites. Geology, 29, 155-158.
Shillito, B., D. Jollivet, P.M. Sarradin, P. Rodier, F. Lallier, D. Desbruyeres, and F. Gaill, Temperature resistance of Hesiolyra bergi, a
polychaetous annelid living on deep-sea vent smoker walls, Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 216, 141-149, 2001.
SHILLITO B., G. HAMEL, C. DUCHI, D. COTTIN, J. SARRAZIN, P.-M. SARRADIN, J. RAVAUX, and F. GAILL. Live capture of macrofauna
from 2300m depth, using a newly-designed pressure recovery device. (2008). Deep-Sea Research I 55 881– 889.
Singh, S.C., W.C. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, V. Combier, M. Cannat, J.P. Canales, D. Dusunur, J. Escartin, and J.M. Miranda,
Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field, Nature, 442 (7106), 1029-1032, 2006.
Smith, D. K., J. Cann, J. Escartín, Widespread active detachment faulting and core complex formation near 13°N at the Mid- Atlantic Ridge,
Nature, 442, 440-443, 2006.
Smith, D.K., J. Escartin, M. Cannat, M. Tolstoy, C.G. Fox, D.R. Bohnenstiehl, and S. Bazin, Spatial and temporal distribution of seismicity
along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (15°-35°N), Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (3), 2002JB001964, 2003.
Stutzmann, E., J.-P. Montagner, A. Sebai, W.C. Crawford, J.-L. Thirot, P. Tarits, D. Stakes, B. Romanowicz, J.-F. Karczewsk, D.
Neuhauser, and S. Etchemendy, MOISE: a prototype multiparameter ocean-bottom station, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 91 (4), 885-892, 2001.
Tiberi, C., C. Ebinger, V. Ballu, G. Stuart, and B. Oluma, Inverse models of gravity data from the Red Sea-Aden-East African rifts triple
junction zone, Geophysical Journal International, 163 (2), 775-787, 2005.
Vauclair, F., Y. du Penhoat, and G. Reverdin, Heat and mass budgets of the warm upper layer of the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1979-99,
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34 (4), 903-919, 2004.
Verbrugge, N., and G. Reverdin, Contribution of horizontal advection to the interannual variability of sea surface temperature in the North
Atlantic, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33 (5), 964-978, 2003.
Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, K. Bucas, J.P. Sudreau, M. Hamon, C. Le Gall, P.M. Sarradin. CHEMINI: a new in situ CHEmical
MINIaturized analyzer. 2009, Deep Sea Research part I. Instruments and methods, sous presse.
Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, M. Hamon, J. P. Sudreau, C. Le Gall and P.M. Sarradin. CHEMINI : CHEmical MINIaturised analyser :
A new generation of in situ chemical analysers for marine applications. MARTECH07,Conference proceedings, Instrumentation
viewpoint, 6, p.9.
Weiss, D., E.A. Boyle, J.F. Wu, V. Chavagnac, A. Michel, and M.K. Reuer, Spatial and temporal evolution of lead isotope ratios in the North
Atlantic Ocean between 1981 and 1989, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 108 (C10), 2003.
Weiss, D., E.A. Boyle, V. Chavagnac, M. Herwegh, and J.F. Wu, Determination of lead isotope ratios in seawater by quadrupole inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry after Mg(OH)(2) co-precipitation, Spectrochimica Acta Part BAtomic Spectroscopy, 55 (4), 363-374,
2000.
3 - Collaborations prévues : reportez vous aussi à la Section 7 du Document 1
Les collaboration établies pour MoMARSAT sont celles du projet MoMAR-D et recoupent donc la structure du
NoE ESONET.
Les participants à terre ou en mer du projet, qui viennent de France, d’Allemagne, du Portugal et du Royaume
Uni. Nous avons aussi, via les « Work Packages » d’ESONET, des collaborations prévues avec un plus grand
nombre d’instituts européens et extra-européens. Par exemple, tout ce qui concerne le « Data management »
sera mis au point en lien avec le WP correspondant d’ESONET, et nous avons déjà des interactions avec
plusieurs partenaires non participants à MoMARSAT, pour le développement des communications acoustiques
en particulier.
Une mention spéciale va à Neptune Canada avec qui nous aurons des liens importants, via le MoU qui lie
l’Ifremer et l’Université de Victoria. Nous avons aussi des collaborations prévues avec les partenaires du futur
réseau Marie Curie SENSEnet pour le développement de capteurs biogéochimiques adaptés aux
environnements hydrothermaux sous-marins.
Au sein du projet MoMAR, la demande MoMARSAT aura des liens avec la demande Hydro-MoMAR ou
MARCHE 3 soumise par J. Perrot et J. Goslin pour la maintenance du réseau régional d’hydrophones.
Nous aurons aussi des collaborations avec l’équipe du projet BioBaz (F. Lallier et al.), si celui si est retenu.
Enfin, les aspects écologie du projet MoMARSAT recoupent certains objectifs du projet HERMIONE (suite au
projet HERMES ; appel d’offre FP7 call ENV.2008.2.2.1.2. Deep-Sea ecosystems). Les participants impliqués
viennent d’Ifremer, IMAR et NOC. HERMIONE, coordonné par P. Weaver du NOCS, est en cours de signature.
99
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
100
100
DOCUMENT N°6
MoMARSAT
ASPECTS INTERNATIONAUX ET ENGAGEMENTS CONTRACTUELS
Contacts préliminaires éventuellement pris et interlocuteurs privilégiés des pays riverains
La zone de travail (Lucky Strike), est située dans la ZEE portugaise. L’équipe portugaise l’Universidade do
Azores (IMAR), à Horta fait partie intégrante du projet ESONET et embarque 2 scientifiques. L’équipe de
l’Université de Lisbonne est responsable d’une partie de l’instrumentation sismique et embarque 2personnes.
Enfin, le centre de Volcanologie et d’Evaluation des Risques Géologiques de l’Université des Açores
embarquera une personne sur la campagne 2011.
Personnel étranger invité, engagements contractuels dans le cadre de programmes européens
Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’appel d’offres « Demonstrations missions » du Réseau d’excellence
ESONET. Dans ce cadre, ESONET nous permettra de financer du temps personnel et des frais de
fonctionnement.
Ce projet d’observatoire regroupe des participants de l’Université de Brême, et du centre MARUM en
Allemagne, des Universités de Lisbonne et des Açores au Portugal, et du NOC (Southampton) an GrandeBretagne, tous partenaires du NoE ESONET.
Manifestations éventuelles post-campagnes (colloques, conférences, échanges de personnel)
Le projet de démonstration MoMAR-Demo, retenu par ESONET, comprend plusieurs réunions pre et post
campagnes. Par ailleurs, ce projet sera intégré au travail des différents Work Packages d’ESONET. Il sera
donc discuté dans le cadre plus général des réunions ESONET et bénéficiera des possibilités offertes par
ESONET pour l’échange de personels.
Le projet « Grand public » de MoMAR-Demo reprendra les bases du projet mis en place durant MoMARETO
(Sarrazin et al. 2007) et permettra la dissémination de nos résultats vers le grand public à travers des
conférences, site web, publications et surtout expositions dans le réseau d’aquarium européen. Une
retransmission de plongée en direct est également envisagée.
NEPTUNE Canada
Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de MoMAR-D pourront être comparés à ceux obtenus par l’observatoire
câblé NEPTUNE Canada. Cette comparaison pourra se faire aussi bien du point de vue technologique (câblé
vs non câblé, antifouling, boîtes de jonction, connecteurs utilisés, …) que scientifique. Ainsi, un module
TEMPO doit être connecté au printemps 2009 sur le site hydrothermal Endeavour (Juan de Fuca). Cette
collaboration s’effectue dans le cadre d’un Memorandum of Understanding signé entre Ifremer et l’Université
de Victoria.
100
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
101
101
DOCUMENT N°7
MoMARSAT
CURRICULUM VITAE DES CHEFS DE MISSION
Mathilde Cannat
Directrice de recherche CNRS
Equipe de Géosciences Marines C.N.R.S. UMR 7154. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 4 place
Jussieu, Tour 14, 5ème étage, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. Tél: (33) 01 44275192 Fax: (33) 01
44279969. E-mail: [email protected]
Thème de Recherche
Structure de la lithosphère océanique et modalités de son accrétion, en particulier en contexte d’expansion
lente.
Animation et administration de la recherche
• Représentante française au "Lithosphere Panel" du programme ODP de 1990 à 1994.
• Organisatrice des séminaires du GDR-GEDO, Brest (1988-1991).
• Membre du comité scientifique du programme "Dorsales" depuis sa création en 1992 jusqu’en 1996.
Créatrice et éditrice de La Lettre Dorsales pendant cette période.
• Organisatrice de plusieurs sessions à l’AGU (co-responsabilité du programme des sessions de
« tectonique » à l’AGU de printemps 1997), à l’EGS, et pour la SGF.
• Co-Organisatrice de plusieurs workshops nationaux et internationaux sur la thématique dorsales.
• Présidente du programme "InterRidge" (12/1996-12/1999). Responsable du bureau du programme à
Paris (1,5 emplois plein temps, budget ~ 150 kEuros/an).
• Responsable de l’équipe "Accrétion Océanique" de l'UPRESA 7058 (1998-2000).
• Chargée de Mission INSU "Géosciences Marines" (01/2000-10/2002). Suivi en particulier des
programmes Adhoc Océans, Dorsales, Euromargins, et ODP, du GDR Marges, des commissions
Géosciences et Flotte de l’IFREMER, et gestion du crédit de soutien aux embarquants (~200 kEuros/an).
• Représentante française au Comité Exécutif (EXCOM) du programme ODP (01/2000-2004).
• Membre du Review Committee du programme « Euromargins » (ESF ; 10/2002- ).
• Membre élue de la Section 18 du Comité National du CNRS (2004-2008).
• Experte pour les projets Marie Curie de la Commission Européenne (thème Environnement ; 2004-).
• Membre de la commission Nationale Géosciences de l’Ifremer (2004-2006).
• Coordinatrice du Réseau Marie Curie (EC) « MOMARNET» financé pour 4 ans (2004-2008) à hauteur de
2.7 MEuros.
• Présidente du comité INSU-Ifremer de pilotage du chantier MOMAR au niveau français (2004-).
• Membre élue du CA de l’IPGP (2005-).
• Directrice de l’équipe Géosciences Marines de l’UMR 7154 (2008- ).
Expérience de terrain et campagnes à la mer
Nombreuses campagnes de terrain sur les ophiolites de Californie du Nord, d'Ecosse, du Laddakh, d'Oman et
d'Albanie.
19 campagnes à la mer, dont quatre (soulignées) en tant que chef ou co-chef de mission (ODP Leg 118,
1987; VEMANAUTE, 1988; HYDROSNAKE, 1988; GARRETT, 1990; SEADMA I, 1991; FARANAUT, 1992;
KANAUT, 1992; SEADMA II, 1993; ODP leg 153, 1993-1994; GALLIENI, 1995; EDUL, 1997; SUDAÇORES,
1998; INDOYO, 1998 ; SWIFT, 2001 ; SWIR 61-65, 2003, SisMoMAR, 2005, Graviluck 2006, Serpentine
2007, MoMAR2008-Leg1).
Publications depuis 2001
Seyler, M., M. Toplis, J.P. Lorand, A. Luguet and M. Cannat, 2001, Clinopyroxene microtextures reveal incompletely extracted melts in
abyssal peridotites. Geology, 29, 155-158.
Rabain, A., M. Cannat, J. Escartín, G. Pouliquen, C. Deplus and C. Rommevaux-Jestin, 2001, Focused volcanism and growth of a slowspreading segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35°N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 185, 211-224.
Escartín, J., M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen, A. Rabain, and J. Lin, 2001. Crustal thickness of the V-shaped ridges south of the Azores:
Interaction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36°-39°N) and the Azores hot spot, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21719-21735.
Sauter, D., Patriat, P., Rommevaux-Jestin C., Cannat M., Briais, A., and the Gallieni Shipboard Scientific Party, 2001. The Southwest
Indian Ridge between 49°15’E and 57°E : Focused accretion and magma redistribution. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 192, 303-317.
Oufi, O., M. Cannat, and H. Horen, Magnetic properties of variably serpentinized abyssal peridotites, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107
(B5), 2001JB000549, 2002.
Seyler, M., M. Cannat, and C. Mével, Evidence for major element heterogeneity in the mantle source of abyssal peridotites from the
southwest Indian Ridge (52 to 68° East), Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4 (2), 2002GC000305, 2003.
Smith, D.K., J. Escartin, M. Cannat, M. Tolstoy, C.G. Fox, D.R. Bohnenstiehl, and S. Bazin, Spatial and temporal distribution of seismicity
along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (15°-35°N), Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (3), 2002JB001964, 2003.
Cannat, M., C. Rommevaux-Jestin, and H. Fujimoto, Melt supply variations to a magma-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge (Southwest Indian
Ridge 61° to 69°E)., Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4 (8), 2002GC000480, 2003.
Escartin, J., D.K. Smith, and M. Cannat, Parallel bands of seismicity at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 12-14°N, Geophysical Research Letters, 30
(12), 2003GL017226, 2003.
101
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
102
102
Searle, R., M. Cannat, K. Fujioka, C. Mével, H. Fujimoto, A. Bralee, and L. Parson, Fuji Dome: a large detachment fault near 64°E on the
very slow-spreading southwest Indian Ridge, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 4 (8), 2003GC000519, 2003.
Cannat, M., J. Cann, and J. Maclennnan (2004), Some hard rock constraints on the supply of heat to mid-ocean ridges, in Mid-Ocean
Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 148, edited by C. R.
German, J. Lin, and L.M. Parson, pp. 111-150, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Sauter, D., V. Mendel, C. Rommevaux-Jestin, L.M. Parson, H. Fujimoto, C. Mével, M. Cannat, and K. Tamaki, Focused magmatism versus
amagmatic spreading along the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence from TOBI side scan sonar imagery.,
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 5 (10), 2004GC000738, 2004.
Cannat, M., D. Sauter, V. Mendel, E. Ruellan, K. Okino, J. Escartin, V. Combier, and M. Baala, Modes of seafloor generation at a melt-poor
ultra-slow-spreading ridge, Geology, 34 (7), 605-608, 2006.
Lucazeau, F., A. Bonneville, J. Escartin, R.P. Von Herzen, P. Gouze, H. Carton, M. Cannat, V. Vidal, and C. Adam, Heat flow variations on
a slowly accreting ridge: Constraints on the hydrothermal and conductive cooling for the Lucky Strike segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
37 degrees N), Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 7, 2006.
Singh, S.C., W.C. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, V. Combier, M. Cannat, J.P. Canales, D. Dusunur, J. Escartin, and J.M. Miranda,
Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field, Nature, 442 (7106), 1029-1032, 2006.
Fontaine, F.J., Cannat, M., and Escartin, J., 2008, Hydrothermal circulation at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges : the role of along-axis
variations in axial lithospheric thickness: Geology.
Ballu, V., Ammann, J., Pot, O., de Viron, O., Sasagawa, G., Reverdin, G., Bouin, M.N., Cannat, M., Deplus, C., Deroussi, S., Maia, M., and
Diament, M., 2008, A seafloor experiment to monitor vertical deformation at the Lucky Strike volcano, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Journal of
Geodesy.
Sauter, D., Cannat, M., Mendel, V., Patriat, P. Magnetization of 0-26.5 Ma seafloor at the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge 61°67°E Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 9, 2008.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Bezos, A., Meyzen, C., Humler, E., and M. Le Rigoleur, Spreading rate, spreading obliquity, and melt supply at the
ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 9, 2008.
Combier*, V., Singh, S.C., Cannat, M., and Escartin, J., 2008, Linking seafloor structure and crustal melt distribution : mechanical and
thermal coupling between brittle upper crust and axial magma chamber at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise: Earth and Planetary
Science Letters.
Crawford, A.J., Singh, S.C., Seher, T., Combier, V., Dusunur, D., and Cannat, M., submitted, Crustal structure, magma chamber and
faulting beneath the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, in Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow-spreading Ocean Ridges, P.
Rona, C.D., B. Murton and J. Dyment, ed., AGU Monograph Series (accepted with minor revisions).
Cannat, M., Manatschal, G., Sauter, D., and Peron-Pinvidic, G., in press, Assessing the conditions of continental breakup at magma-poor
rifted margins : what can we learn from slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges ? Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris.
Cannat, M., Fontaine, F.J., and Escartin, J., in press, Serpentinization and associated hydrogene and methane fluxes at slow-spreading
ridges, in Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow-spreading Ocean Ridges, P. Rona, C.D., B. Murton and J. Dyment, ed., AGU
Monograph Series
Ondreas, H., Cannat, M., Fouquet, Y., Normand, A., and Sarradin, P.M., in press, Recent volcanic events and the distribution of
hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems.
Jérôme Blandin,
Instrument Systems Project Manager,
Ifremer, TSI, BP70 29280 Plouzané, France, [email protected]
Professional Career
After graduating in 1987 with a diploma of Electrical Engineering from the Institut National des Sciences
Appliquées de Lyon (France), Jérôme Blandin worked for two years in the railway industry as a Test Engineer
for the Franco-British train manufacturer GEC-ALSTHOM. He tested and fine-tuned the motor-blocks of the
future Eurostar high-speed train, in Preston (UK).
He then joined an 18 person company (LIM Geotechnologie) specialized in geotechnical instrumentation, as
the technical responsible for the products of soil-injection process control, for four years. His activities
included the technological choices (mainly in electronics) for the products range, their development, tests and
maintenance and also some sensors enhancement.
In December 1994, he joined the Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (French
Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, IFREMER), as an electronics development engineer for
oceanographic instrumentation. He was involved in numerous projects including the ROV Victor 6000 science
module and the design of the electrical / electronic architecture of the deep sea penetrometer Penfeld. He
introduced the use of a field bus (Controller Area Network, CAN) as a modular and reliable backbone inside
multi-sensor deep-sea platforms. He designed the near-real-time communication system of the deep-sea
seismic observatory GEOSTAR. From 2002 to 2004, he directed the EU funded ASSEM project, a research
and technological development project of a long term distributed seabed monitoring solution, including a
novel modular seabed infrastructure, its real time communication means and the data management system
on shore. The project included two years of development as well as technological cruises with a manned
submersible for demonstrating the monitoring system at scale one. He is currently responsible for the design
of several seabed observatories derived from the ASSEM technology, with applications in slopes stability
monitoring, deep sea ecosystems study and shipwrecks pollution monitoring.
Some Publications
REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS
Marvaldi J., Aoustin Y., Ayela G., Barbot D., Blandin J., Coudeville J.M., Fellmann D., Loaëc G., Podeur C. and Priou A
(2002) Design and realisation of Communication Systems for the GEOSTAR project. Science-Technology Synergy
for Research in the Marine Environment: challenges for the XXI Century. Elsevier, Developments in marine
technology, Vol. 12, 161-181
102
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
103
103
Marinaro G., Etiope G., Gasparoni F., Calore D., Cenedese S., Furlan F., Masson M., Favali P. and Blandin J. GMM – A
gas monitoring module for long-term detection of methane leakage from the seafloor. Environmental Geology
(2004) 46:1053-1058
ARTICLES
Blandin J., Rolin, J.F. An Array of Sensors for the Seabed Monitoring of Geohazards, a Versatile Solution for the Long Term Real-Time Monitoring of Distributed Seabed Parameters. Sea Technology December 2005, Volume 46, No.
12.
CONFERENCE CONTRIBUTIONS
Blandin J., Person R., Strout J.M., Briole P., Etiope G., Masson M., Golightly C.R., Lykousis V., Ferentinos G.
(2002) ASSEM : Array of sensors for long term seabed monitoring of geohazards. Underwater
Technology Conference organised by IEEE and OES. 16-19 April 2002, Tokyo.
Blandin J., Person R., Strout J.M., Briole P., Etiope G., Masson M., Smolders S., Lykousis, V, Ferentinos G. (2003)
ASSEM : Array of sensors for long term seabed monitoring of geohazards. 6th Underwater Science Symposium
organised by the Society for Underwater Technology, 3-6 April 2003, Aberdeen University, Scotland.
Blandin J., Person R.,Strout J.M., Briole P., Etiope G., Masson M., Smolders S., Lykousis V., Ferentinos G. & Legrand J.
(2003) ASSEM: a new concept of regional observatory. The 3rd international workshop on scientific use of
submarine cables and related technologies, 25-27 June 2003, Tokyo.
Blandin J., Person R., Strout J.M., Briole P., Ballu V., Etiope G., Masson M., Golightly C.R., Lykousis V. and Ferentinos G.
(2003) ASSEM : A new concept of observatories for long term seabed monitoring. Ocean Margin Conference, 1517 September 2003, Paris.
Blandin J., Person R., Strout J.M., Briole P., Etiope G., Masson M., Smolders S., Lykousis V. (2003) ASSEM: A New
Concept of Observatory Applied to Long Term Seabed Monitoring of Geohazards. Oceans’03 MTS/IEEE
conference, 22-26 September 2003, San Diego.
Rolin J.F., Blandin J., Strout J.M., Briole P., Etiope G., Masson M., Cathie D., Lykousis V., Ferentinos G. (2005) ASSEM
(Array of Sensors for long term Monitoring of geohazards): monitoring based on modularity. European
Geosciences Union General Assembly, 24-29 April 2005, Vienna, Austria.
Rolin J.F., Blandin J., Lykousis V., Strout J.M., Etiope G., Favali P., Briole P., Ballu V., Papatheodorou G., Ferentinos G.,
Cathie D., Masson M. (2005) Common issues between cabled and non cabled observatories in ASSEM project.
Oceans’05 IEEE conference, 20-23 June 2005, Brest.
Pierre-Marie Sarradin
Cadre de recherche 2
Chimiste, Environnement biogéochimique des ecosystems hydrothermaux, Instrumentation.
Departement Etudes des Ecosystèmes Profonds, Laboratoire Environnement Profond
Ifremer - Centre de Brest 29 280 Plouzané, France
Tel : 33 (0)2 98 22 46 729 • FAX : 33 (0)2 98 22 47 57• e-mail : [email protected]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dr. en Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Eau (1993).
Département Environnement Profond, centre de Brest de l'Ifremer depuis 1994.
Participant au projet européen AMORES [MAS3-CT950040]
Responsable du WP4 (campagne ATOS), participants aux WP2 et WP5 du projet VENTOX (EVK3-CT
1999-00003)
Coordinateur du projet Européen EXOCET/D (GOCE-CT-2003-505342), 2003-2006
Membre du comité d'organisation MOMAR.
Membre du Comité de Pilotage de l’Arrêt technique Victor (2003-2004)
Secrétaire de la commission OPCB (2003-2007)
Campagnes à la mer
2007 et 2008 MoMAR07 et 08
2006MoMARETO Pourquoi pas Victor – Chef de mission (avec J. Sarrazin)
2003 ESSCOROV, Méditerranée Victor
2002 PHARE, EPR, Victor
2001 ATOS, MAR, Victor- Chef de mission
2000 ESSCOROV, Atlantique, Victor
1999 HOPE99, EPR, Nautile
1998 VICTOR1°, MAR, Victor
1998 PICO, MAR,Nautile
1997 MARVEL, MAR, Nautile
1996 HOT96, EPR, Nautile
1994 DIVA2, MAR, Nautile
Publications depuis 2005
De Busserolles F, Sarrazin J, Gauthier O , Gélinas Y, Fabri MC, Sarradin PM, Desbruyères D, Are spatial dietary variations
of hydrothermal fauna linked to local environmental conditions? 2009, Deep Sea Research part II, accepted with
revisions.
103
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
104
104
Ondreas, H., Cannat, M., Fouquet, Y., Normand, A., and Sarradin, P.M., in press, Recent volcanic events and the
distribution of hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochemistry
Geophysics Geosystems.
Sarradin Pierre-Marie, Matthieu Waeles, Solène Bernagout, Christian Le Gall, Jozée Sarrazin, Ricardo Riso. Speciation of
dissolved copper within an active hydrothermal edifice on the Lucky Strike vent field (MAR, 37°N). (2009) Science
of the Total Environment 407 (2) 869
Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, K. Bucas, J.P. Sudreau, M. Hamon, C. Le Gall, P.M. Sarradin. CHEMINI: a new in situ
CHEmical MINIaturized analyzer. 2009, Deep Sea Research part I. Instruments and methods, sous presse.
Bettencourt Raul, Paul Dando Valentina Costa, Domitília Rosa, Virginie Riou, Ana Colaço, Jozée Sarrazin, Pierre-Marie
Sarradin, and Ricardo Serrão Santos. Changes in gill tissues of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus held for 6
months in aquaria at atmospheric pressure. (2008). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular
& Integrative Physiology. Volume 150, Issue 1, Pages 1-7
SHILLITO B., G. HAMEL, C. DUCHI, D. COTTIN, J. SARRAZIN, P.-M. SARRADIN, J. RAVAUX, and F. GAILL. Live
capture of macrofauna from 2300m depth, using a newly-designed pressure recovery device. (2008). Deep-Sea
Research I 55 881– 889.
Sarradin, P.-M., Lannuzel, D., Waeles, M., Crassous, P., Le Bris, N., Caprais, J.C., Fouquet, Y., Fabri, M.C., Riso, R., 2008.
Dissolved and particulate metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in two habitats from an active hydrothermal field on the EPR
at 13°N. Science of the Total Environment 392 (1), 119-129.
Sarradin P.-M., J. Sarrazin, A.G. Allais, D. Almeida, V. Brandou, A. Boetius, E. Buffier, E. Coiras, A. Colaço, A. Cormack, S.
Dentrecolas, D. Desbruyères, P. Dorval, H. du Buf, J. Dupont, A. Godfroy, M. Gouillou, J. Gronemann, G. Hamel,
M. Hamon, U. Hoge, D. Lane, C. Le Gall, D. Leroux, J. Legrand, P. Léon, J.P. Lévèque, M. Masson, K. Olu, A.
Pascoal, E. Sauter, L. Sanfilippo, E. Savino, L. Sebastião, R. Serrão Santos, B. Shillito, P. Siméoni, A. Schultz,
J.P. Sudreau, P. Taylor, R. Vuillemin, C. Waldmann, F. Wenzhöfer, F. Zal. 2007, EXtreme ecosystem studies in
the deep OCEan : Technological Developments. InterRidge News, v16, 17-21.
Colaço, A., Bustamante, P., Foiuquet, Y., Sarradin, P.M., Serrao Santos, R., 2006, Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cu, and Zn in
the Azores triple junction hydrothermal vent fields food web. Chemosphere, Volume 65, Issue 11, December
2006, Pages 2260-2267
Sarradin, P.-M., N. Le Bris, et al. (2005). "Fe analysis by the the ferrozine method: Adaptation to FIA towards laboratory and
in situ analysis in hydrothermal environment."Talanta” :1131-1138.
104
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
105
105
DOCUMENT N°8
MoMARSAT
ACCORD DES PERSONNELS EMBARQUANT
(Chaque embarquant devra indiquer les autres propositions de campagnes pour lesquelles il a donné son accord)
Dear Pierre Marie,
The LMTG group involved in this programme is composed of valérie Chavagnac, Christophe Monnin and potentially Masters
and Ph.D. students.
We are contributing to the following cruises: BATHYLUCK'09 and Smooth Seafloor'09.
We plan to participate in the MOMARSAT10 and MOMARSAT'11 cruises.
With best wishes,
Valérie
Dear Pierre-Marie,
We at NOC are hoping to join the cruises in 2010 and 2011, we will ideally need 3 berths. I am also involved in the Bathyluck
Cruise in 2009.
Hope that helps, let me know if you need more information.
All the best,
Doug.
Dr. Douglas Connelly
Geochemistry Group
National Oceanography Centre
Southampton SO14 3ZH,
United Kingdom
Dear Mathilde
I am very interested and involved in the monitoring experiments and Lucky Strike. I plan to participate in the cruises, and be
directly dealing with aspects of temperature monitoring of hydrothermal fluids.
Best,
javier
De : Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot <[email protected]>
Date : 14 janvier 2009 19:00:26 HNEC
@ : Mathilde Cannat <[email protected]>
Objet : accord pour embarquement sur MoMARSAT
Mathilde je te confirme mon accord pour embarquer sur MoMARSAT
Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot
Jérôme, Pierre-Marie,
Je confirme mon accord pour participer aux campagnes MoMARSAT, afin de déployer et récupérer les stations SEAMON et la
bouée de transmission de données associée.
Julien LEGRAND
Ingénieur électronicien Observatoires Fond de Mer
DOP/TSI/ME
IFREMER Centre de Brest
mail : [email protected]
tel : 0298224881
De : "DANIEL Romuald" <[email protected]>
@: "'Mathilde Cannat'" <[email protected]>
Objet : RE: ESONET MoMAR-DEMO :caract√©ristiques des capteurs que nous brancherons sur SEAMON
Mathilde,
Bonne année,
Je t'ai rempli le tableau en pièce jointe.
Pour le tableau des noms des embarquant pour la mission de demo, la
seconde personne (ingenieur OBS) sera surement Christophe Courrier
(électronicien).
@+
romuald
MOMAR-D
Deliverable D1
De : Céline
Jestin -<[email protected]>
105
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
106
106
à : Mathilde Cannat <[email protected]>
Objet : R√©p : campagne Momar demo
Chère Mathilde,
Impliquée depuis 2006 dans le monitoring du site Lucky Strike, je te confirme ma participation à la campagne et continuer avec
l'aspect géomicrobiologique et colonisation à long terme.
Bien toi,Céline
Dear Pierre-Marie,
first of all congratulations to the success of your demo mission proposal! It has been unanimously voted as best proposal.
I will participate in both cruises 2010 and 2011. I may also be involved in another German ship proposal in 2010 with RV
METEOR going to MOMAR site.
Greetings,
Christoph
MARUM University of Bremen
Dear Pierre-Marie,
provided that we will get the founding for our part of the MoMAR cruise proposal, we will
participate on both cruises 2010 and 2011 with one person, i.e. me, Marcus Fabian or a colleague.
Best Regards
Marcus.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr. Marcus Fabian, Dipl.-Phys.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
University of Bremen
Department 5, Geosciences
Sea Technics / Sensors
Klagenfurter Straße, GEO 4360
D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Bonjour Pierre-Marie,
Suite à notre conversation téléphonique je te confirme notre intérêt pour l’embarquement d’une personne d’Océanopolis pour
les campagnes MoMARSAT de 2010 et 2011.
Amicalement,
Sylvain Ghiron
Océanopolis Port du Moulin Blanc
29200 Brest
De : "J M MIRANDA" <[email protected]>
À : "'Mathilde Cannat'" <[email protected]>
Objet : campagne Momar-demo
Dear Mathilde Cannat
I confirm that CGUL (Geophysical Center of the University of Lisbon) will join MoMAR Demo cruises in 2010 and 2011 as
planned, to deploy then recover 4 OBS.
J M Miranda
Head of CGUL/IDL
University of Lisbon
Dear Pierre Marie,
The DOP-UAç group involved in this programme is composed of Ana Colaço, Ricardo Serrão Santos, Raul Bettencourt, Filipe
Porteiro, Valentina Costa, and potential Masters, Ph.D. students and PosDocs.
We plan to participate in the MOMARSAT'10 and MOMARSAT'11 cruises.
With best wishes,
Ana
Ana Colaço
IMAR- Dept
Oceanography and Fisheries-Univ of Azores
106
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
107
107
Cais de Sta Cruz
9901-862 Horta
Portugal
Salut Pierre-Marie,
Je participerai à ces 2 campagnes
DENTRECOLAS Stéphane
Systemes Electroniques Electriques Embarqués
IFREMER
Zone portuaire de Brégaillon
BP 330
83507 La Seyne sur Mer
Tél : 04.94.30.44.82
Fax : 04.94.30.44.16
E-mail : [email protected]
Pierre-Marie,
je pense possible étant donné les ressources du laboratoire de m'engager sur la participation de un technicien et trois
chercheurs. Daniel.
Pierre-Marie SARRADIN a écrit :
Daniel
Pourrais tu me confirmer l'intérêt du LEP pour participer aux campagnes MoMARSAT.
Les personnels impliqués sont :
Jozée Sarrazin , chercheure en écologie
Un ingénieur Chimiste pour l acquisition de données in situ
un technicien biologie pour l'échantillonage de la faune, le tri à bord, la préparation des plongées (Adélie et Biocéan)
Alexis Khripounoff (ou spécialiste instrumentation) Chercheur en biologie
Et P.M. Sarradin , chercheur et co chef de mission.
Merci
-Daniel Desbruyeres
Responsable du Departement
Etude des Ecosystemes Profonds (DEEP)
Centre de Brest de l IFREMER
Cher Pierre-Marie,
Desolé pour le retard dans notre reponse, je suis a Vanuatu et donc le coordination va plus lentement!
L'équipe de géosciences marines de l'IPGP est impliquée dans les projets NERIES, BBMOMAR et ESONET MoMAR-Demo.
Pour les aspects sismologiques, nous assurerons le lien du projet avec le réseau NERIES et fournirons l'assistance technique
pour la mise en oeuvre d' OBSs du parc INSU pendant les campagnes MoMARSAT si elles sont programmées. Les
personnes impliquées pour ces aspects sismiques seront : Satish Singh, Wayne Crawford, Romuald Daniel et les ingénieurs et
techniciens assurant la mise en oeuvre du parc d'OBSs.
Cordialement,
Wayne Crawford
107
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
108
108
Fiche de valorisation de campagne ATOS 2001
DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS:A NATURAL POLLUTION LABORATORY, (EVK3 CT1999-00003)
ATOS cruise
Nom de la campagne : ATOS
Navire : NO Atalante
Dates de la campagne : Juin, juillet 2001
Chef de projet : D. Desbruyères
Chef de mission 1 : P.M. Sarradin
Chef de mission 2 :
Programme : VENTOX (EVK3-CT1999-00003)
Engins lourds : Victor
Zone : Atlantique , Açores
Organisme : Ifremer
Organisme : Ifremer
Organisme :
Fiche remplie par : P.M. Sarradin
Date de rédaction de la fiche : janvier 2004, révision 01/09
Adresse : Ifremer DRO EP, BP 70 F-29280 PLOUZANE
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 02 98 22 46 72
Fax :
Résultats majeurs obtenus :
Etude des adaptations et processus spécialisés développés par les organismes hydrothermaux et leurs communautés
microbiennes associées en réponse à un environnement « toxique ».
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Publications d’articles originaux dans des revues avec comité de lecture référencées SCI
Publications dans d’autres revues scientifiques
Publications sous forme de rapports techniques
Articles dans des revues / journaux grand public
Publications de résumés de colloques
Communications dans des colloques internationaux
dont communications orales
dont posters
Communications dans des colloques nationaux
dont posters
Rapports de contrats (CEE, FAO, Convention, Collectivités …)
Applications (essais thérapeutiques ou cliniques, AMM …)
Brevets
Publications d’atlas (cartes, photos)
Documents vidéo-films
Publications électroniques sur le réseau Internet
DEA ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
Thèse ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
Validation des données
Transmission au SISMER
Transmission à d’autres banques de données
Biocean
Transmission à d’autres équipes
Considérez-vous l’exploitation
en cours : ....
Nombre
53
7
13
16
2
41
12
1
2
terminée : ....
Oui : ....
Oui : ....
Oui : ....
X
Rubrique 1: Refereed papers published
Anderson, L., Lechaire, J.P., Boudier, T., Halary, S., Frébourg, G., Zbinden, M., Marco, S., Gaill, F., 2008. Tomography of bacteria-mineral
associations within the deep sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata. C.R. Chimie 11 (3), 268-280.
Bebianno, M.J., Company, R., Serafim, A., Camus, L., Cosson, R.P., Fiala-Medoni, A., 2005. Antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation in
Bathymodiolus azoricus from Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields. Aquatic Toxicology 75 (4), 354-373.
Biscoito, Manuel, Michel Segonzac, Armando J. Almeida, Daniel Desbruyères, Patrick Geistdoerfer, Mary Turnipseed & Cindy Van Dover.
2002. Fishes from the hydrothermal vents and cold seeps – An update. Cahiers de Biologie Marine (2002) 43: 359-362.
Casse, N., E. Pradier, M.-V. Demattei, Y. Bigot, and M. Laulier, 2002. Mariner transposons are widespread genetic parasites in the genome
of hydrothermal invertebrates. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 43: 325-328.
Chausson, F., Sanglier, S., Leize, E., Hagege, A., Bridges, C.R., Sarradin, P.M., Shillito, B., Lallier, F.H., Zal, F., 2004a. Respiratory
adaptations to the deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment: the case of Segonzacia mesatlantica, a crab from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Micron 35 (1-2), 31-41.
Chausson, F., Sanglier, S., Leize, E., Hagège, A., Bridges, C.R., Sarradin, P.M., shillito, B., Lallier, F.H., Zal, F., 2004b. Respiratory
adaptations of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent crab. Micron 35, 27-29.
Colaço, A., F. Dehairs and D. Desbruyères. (2002). Nutritional relations of deep-sea hydrothermal fields at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a stable
isotope approach. Deep-Sea Research I, 49, 395-412.
108
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
109
109
Colaço, A., F. Dehairs, D. Desbruyères, N. Le Bris and P.M. Sarradin. (2002). d13C signature of hydrothermal mussels is related with the
end-member fluid concentrations of H2S and CH4 at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields. Cahiers de Biologie Marine,
43(3-4), 259-262.
Colaço, A., Bustamante, P., Fouquet, Y., Sarradin, P.M., Serrao-Santos, R., 2006. Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cu, and Zn in the Azores triple
junction hydrothermal vent fields food web. Chemosphere 65 (11), 2260-2267.
Company, R., Serafim, A., Bebianno, M.J., Cosson, R., Shillito, B., Fiala-Medioni, A., 2004. Effect of cadmium, copper and mercury on
antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the gills of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Marine
Environmental Research 58 (2-5), 377-381.
Company, R., Serafim, A., Cosson, R., Fiala-Medioni, A., Dixon, D., Joao Bebianno, M., 2006a. Temporal variation in the antioxidant
defence system and lipid peroxidation in the gills and mantle of hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Deep Sea Research
Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 53 (7), 1101-1116.
Company, R., Serafim, A., Cosson, R.P., Camus, L., Shillito, B., Fiala-Medioni, A., Bebianno, M.J., 2006b. The effect of cadmium on
antioxidant responses and the susceptibility to oxidative stress in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Marine Biology
148 (4), 817-825.
Company, R., Serafim, A., Cosson, R., Fiala-Medioni, A., Dixon, D.R., Bebianno, M.J., 2007. Adaptation of the antioxidant defence system
in hydrothermal-vent mussels (Bathymodiolus azoricus) transplanted between two Mid-Atlantic Ridge sites. Marine Ecology 28 (1), 9399.
Company, R., Serafim, A., Cosson, R.P., Fiala-Médioni, A., Camus, L., Colaço, A., Serrão-Santos, R., Bebianno, M.J., 2008. Antioxidant
biochemical responses to long-term copper exposure in Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez-Gwen hydrothermal vent. Science of the
Total Environment 389 (2-3), 407-417.
Compère P., Martinez A.S., Charmentier-Daures M., Toullec J.-Y., Goffinet G. et Gaill F. 2002 Does sulfide detoxication occur in the gills
of the hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata? C. R. Biologies, 325, 591-596
Cosson, R.P., Thiebaut, E., Company, R., Castrec-Rouelle, M., o, A.C., Martins, I., Sarradin, P.-M., Bebianno, M.J., 2008. Spatial variation
of metal bioaccumulation in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Marine Environmental Research 65 (5), 405-415.
Cravo, A., Foster, P., Almeida, C., Company, R., Cosson, R.P., Bebianno, M.J., 2007. Metals in the shell of Bathymodiolus azoricus from a
hydrothermal vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Environment International 33 (5), 609-615.
Daguin, C., Jollivet, D., 2005. Development and cross-amplification of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the deep-sea hydrothermal
vent polychaete Branchipolynoe seepensis. Molecular Ecology Notes 5 (4), 780-783.
Denis, F. , Vachoux c., Gauvry L., Leignel V., Hardivillier Y., Salin C., Cosson R.P. et M. Laulier, 2002. Characterization and expression of
a Bathymodiolus sp. metallothionein gene. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 43.: 329-332.
Desbruyères D., A. Almeida, M. Biscoito, T. Comtet, A. Khripounoff, N. Le Bris, P. M. Sarradin and M. Segonzac (2002) A review of the
distribution of hydrothermal vent communities along the Northern Atlantic Ridge: Dispersal vs. environmental controls. Hydrobiologia,
440, 201-216.
Dixon, D.R., Dixon, L.R.J., Pascoe, P.L. & Wilson, J.T. (2001). Chromosomal and nuclear characteristics of deep-sea hydrothermal-vent
organisms: correlates of increased growth rate. Marine Biology 139, 251- 255.
Dixon, D.R., Dixon, L.R.J., Shillito, B. and Gwynn, J.P. 2002. Background and induced levels of DNA damage in Pacific deep-sea vent
polychaetes: the case for avoidance. Cah. Biol. Mar. 43, 333-336.
Dixon, D.R., Pruski, A.M., Dixon, L.R.J. ad Jha, A.N. 2002. Marine invertebrate eco-genotoxicology: a methodological overview.
Mutagenesis, 17, 495-507.
Duperron, S., Bergin, C., Zielinski, F., Blazejak, A., Pernthaler, A., McKiness, Z.P., DeChaine, E., Cavanaugh, C.M., Dubilier, N., 2006. A
dual symbiosis shared by two mussel species, Bathymodiolus azoricus and Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae), from
hydrothermal vents along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Environmental Microbiology 8 (8), 1441-1447.
Faure, B., Bierne, N., Tanguy, A., Bonhomme, F., Jollivet, D., 2007. Evidence for a slightly deleterious effect of intron polymorphisms at the
EF1[alpha] gene in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent bivalve Bathymodiolus. Gene 406 (1-2), 99-107.
Geret F., Riso R., Sarradin P.M., Caprais J.C. and Cosson R.P., 2002. Metal bioaccumulation and storage forms in the shrimp, Rimicaris
exoculata, from the Rainbow hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge), preliminary approach to the fluid-organism relationship. Cahiers
de Biologie Marine. 43, pp 43-52.
Gloter, A., Zbinden, M., Guyot, F., Gaill, F., Colliex, C., 2004. TEM-EELS study of natural ferrihydrite from geological-biological
interactions in hydrothermal systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 222 (3-4), 947-957.
Hardivillier, Y., Denis, F., Demattei, M.-V., Bustamante, P., Laulier, M., Cosson, R., 2006. Metal influence on metallothionein synthesis in
the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &
Pharmacology 143 (3), 321-332.
Hardivillier, Y., Leignel, V., Denis, F., Uguen, G., Cosson, R., Laulier, M., 2004. Do organisms living around hydrothermal vent sites
contain specific metallothioneins? The case of the genus Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia, Mytilidae). Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 139 (1-3), 111-118.
Hourdez, S. and Desbruyères, D. (2003). A new species of scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae), Levensteiniella iris sp. nov., from the
Rainbow and Lucky Strike vent fields (Mid-Atlantic ridge). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 44, 13-21.
Komai, T., Segonzac, M., 2005. A revision of the genus Alvinocaris Williams and Chace Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae,
with descriptions of a new genus and a new species of Alvinocaris. Journal of Natural History 39, 1111-1175.
Le Bris N., P. M. Sarradin, D. Birot and A. M. Alayse-Danet (2000) A new chemical analyzer for in situ measurement of nitrate and total
sulfide over hydrothermal vent biological communities. Marine Chemistry, 72, 1-15.
Le Bris N., P. M. Sarradin and S. Pennec (2001) A new deep-sea probe for in situ pH measurement in the environment of hydrothermal vent
biological communities. Deep-Sea Research I, 48, 1941-1951
Lopez-Garcia, Phillipe H., Gaill F., Moreira D., 2003, Autochtonous eukayotic diversity in hydrothermal sediment and experimental
microcolonizers at the Mid Atlantic Ridge, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 100, 697-702
Plouviez, S., Daguin-Thiebaut, C., Hourdez, S., Jollivet, D., 2008. Juvenile and adult scale worms Barnchipolynoe seepensis in Lucky Strike
hydrothermal vent mussels are genetically unrelated. Aquatic Biology 3 (1), 79-87.
Postec A, Breton CL, Fardeau ML, Lesongeur F, Pignet P, Querellou J, Ollivier B, Godfroy A (2005) Marinitoga hydrogenitolerans sp. nov.,
a novel member of the order Thermotogales isolated from a black smoker chimney on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. International Journal of
Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55:1217-1221
109
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
110
110
Postec A, Urios L, Lesongeur F, Ollivier B, Querellou J, Godfroy A (2005) Continuous Enrichment Culture and Molecular Monitoring to
Investigate the Microbial Diversity of Thermophiles Inhabiting Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Ecosystems. Current Microbiology 50:138-144
Postec, A., Lesongeur, F., Pignet, P., Ollivier, B., Querellou, J., Godfroy, A., 2007. Continuous enrichment cultures: insights into prokaryotic
diversity and metabolic interactions in deep-sea vent chimneys. Extremophiles 11 (6), 747-757.
Pruski, A.M. and D.R. Dixon (2002). Effects of cadmium on nuclear integrity and DNA repair efficiency in the gill cells of Mytilus edulis L.
Aquatic Toxicology, 52, 127-137.
Ravaux, J., Toullec, J.-Y., Leger, N., Lopez, P., Gaill, F., Shillito, B. (2007) "First hsp70 from two hydrothermal vent shrimps, Mirocaris
fortunata and Rimicaris exoculata : characterization and sequence analysis" Gene, 386, 162-172.
Ravaux, J., Toullec, J.Y., Leger, N., Lopez, P., Gaill, F., Shillito, B., 2007. First hsp70 from two hydrothermal vent shrimps, Mirocaris
fortunata and Rimicaris exoculata: characterization and sequence analysis. Gene 386 (1-2), 162-172.
Sanglier, S., Leize, E. Van Dorsselaer, A. and Zal, F. 2003. Comparative ESI-MS study of ~2.2MDa native hemocyanins from deep-sea and
shore crabs: from protein oligomeric state to biotope. Journal of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry, 14: 419-429.
Sarradin, P.-M., Le Bris, N., Le Gall, C., Rodier, P., 2005. Fe analysis by the ferrozine method: Adaptation to FIA towards in situ analysis in
hydrothermal environment. Talanta 66, 1131-1138.
Schmidt, C., Vuillemin, R., Le Gall, C., Gaill, F., Le Bris, N., 2008. Geochemical energy sources for microbial primary production in the
environment of hydrothermal vent shrimps. Marine Chemistry 108 (1-2), 18-31.
Shillito, B., Jollivet, D., Sarradin, P.-M., Rodier, P., Lallier F.H., Desbruyères, D. & Gaill, F. 2001. Temperature Resistance of Hesiolyra
bergi, A Polychaetous Annelid Living on Deep-Sea Vent Smoker Walls. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 216, 141-149.
Shillito, B., Le Bris, N., Hourdez, S., Ravaux, J., Cottin, D., Caprais, J.-C., Jollivet, D., Gaill, F., 2006. Temperature resistance studies on the
deep-sea vent shrimp Mirocaris fortunata. Journal of Experimental Biology 209 (5), 945-955.
Shillito, B., Le Bris, N., Hourdez, S., Ravaux, J., Cottin, D., Caprais, J.-C., Jollivet, D., Gaill, F. (2006) "Temperature Resistance Studies on
the Deep-Sea Vent Shrimp Mirocaris fortunata" Journal of Experimental Biology, 209, 945-955.
Stöhr, S., Segonzac, M., 2005. Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic
Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 383-402.
Tanguy, A., Bierne, N., Saavedra, C., Pina, B., Bachere, E., Kube, M., Bazin, E., Bonhomme, F., Boudry, P., Boulo, V., Boutet, I., Cancela,
L., Dossat, C., Favrel, P., Huvet, A., Jarque, S., Jollivet, D., Klages, S., Lapegue, S., Leite, R., Moal, J., Moraga, D., Reinhardt, R.,
Samain, J.F., Zouros, E., Canario, A., 2008. Increasing genomic information in bivalves through new EST collections in four species:
Development of new genetic markers for environmental studies and genome evolution. Gene 408 (1-2), 27-36.
Wilson, J.T., D.R. Dixon & L.R.J. Dixon (2002). Numerical chromosomal aberrations in the early life-history stages of the marine
tubeworm, Pomatoceros lamarckii (Polychaeta: Serpulidae). Aquatic Toxicology, 59, 163-175.
Zbinden M., Martinez I., Guyot F., Cambon-Bonavita M.A. and Gaill F. (2001). Zinc-iron sulphide mineralization in tubes of hydrothermal
vent worms. Eur. J. Mineral., 13 : 653-658.
Zbinden, M., Le Bris, N., Gaill, F., Compère, P., 2004. Distribution of bacteria and associated minerals in the gill chamber of the vent shrimp
Rimicaris exoculata and related biogeochemical processes. Marine Ecology - Progress Series 284, 237-251.
Zbinden, M., Shillito, B., Le Bris, N., de Villardi de Montlaur, C., Roussel, E., Guyot, F., Gaill, F., Cambon-Bonavita, M.-A., 2008. New
insigths on the metabolic diversity among the epibiotic microbial communitiy of the hydrothermal shrimp Rimicaris exoculata. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 359 (2), 131-140.
Rubrique 2 : Non- refereed papers
Biscoito, M., Segonzac, M. & Almeida, A. J. . New zoarcid fish species from deep-sea hydrothermal vents of Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
InterRidge News, 10 (1): 2001, 15-17.
Dixon, D.R., J.T. Wilson, L.R.J. Dixon. Toxic vents and DNA damage. InterRidge News Vol. 9(1), 2000, 13-14.
Dixon, D.R., P.M. Sarrdin, L.R.J. Dixon, A. Khripounoff, A. Colaço and R. Serrao Santos (2002). Towards unravelling the enigma of vent
mussel reproduction on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, or when ATOS met Cages!. InterRidge News, 11, 14-17.
Dixon, D.R., Dando, P.R., Santos, R.S. and Gwynn, J.P. (2001). Retrievable cages open up new era in deep-sea vent research. InterRidge
News, 10, 21-23.
Sarradin, P. M., Desbruyères, D., Dixon, D., Almeida, A. J., Briand, P., Caprais, J. C., Colaço, A., Company, R., Cosson, R., Cueff, V.,
Dando, P., Etoubleau, J., Fabri, M. C., Fiala Medioni, A., Gaill, F., Godfroy, A., Gwynn, J., Hourdez, S., Jollivet, D., Khripounoff, A.,
Lallier, F., Laulier, M., Le Bris, N., Martins, I., Mestre, N., Pruski, A., Rodier, P., Serrão Santos, R., Shillito, B., Zal, F., & Zbinden, M. ATOS cruise, R/V L'Atalante, ROV Victor, June 22nd - July 21st 2001. InterRidge News, 10 (2): 2001, 18-20.
Sarradin, P.M. (2001) Campagne ATOS. Lettre aux Médias, 65, 6.
Sarradin, P.M. et les participants à la campagne (2001) Campagne ATOS (N.O. L'Atalante et Victor 6000, 22 juin-21 juillet). La lettre
Dorsales, n°8/12, 14-16.
RUBRIQUE 4 : Press and Media
LabHorta : Diário de Notícias. Friday, 25 August 2000, p. 20 (report in a national newspaper) (Copy sent to Brussel August 2000).
Açoriano Oriental. 13565, 25 August 2000, p. 3 (report in a regional newspaper) (Copy sent to Brussels August 2000).
Plymouth Evening Herald – June 20, 2001.Secrets of the deep explored. (Copy included with this report)
BBC Radio 4 June 14 2001 – The Leading Edge. Interview with David Dixon on VENTOX.
Saber Açores, No. 21, August 2001 p10-11. Oasis de vida no mar junto aos Açores. (Copy included with this report)
Saber Açores, No. 21, August 2001 p12-15. Estranhas formas de vida. (Copy included with this report)
Visao, No. 442, 30 Agosto a 5 Setembro 2001 p. 86-91. Estranhas formas de vida. (Copy included with this report)
RTP Açores. Telejornal 22/7/2001 Entitled “Atalante na Horta”
RTP-Açores Telejornal 27/6/2001 Entitled “Missão VENTOX”
Açoriano Oriental, nº 13953 20 of June 2001. Universidade defende criação de um laboratório subaquático. page: 1 (news on a regional
newspaper)
Açoriano Oriental, nº 13953 20 of June 2001. Projecto VENTOX cria bases para laboratório subaquático. Page 5 (news on a regional
newspaper)
110
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
111
111
Infociências (Folha informativa da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa), {Almeida, A} 96, pp.15-16 (copy included with 2nd
Annual Report).
National Geographic Portugal, February 2003. Campos Hidrotermain. Golpe de Sorte. (Text Gonçalo Pereira), 6 pages (Report on
VENTOX project) (copy included with Final Report).
Sciences Ouest, 2001, n°181, 8.. Campagne Océanographique ATOS : les secrets de la vie à 2000m de profondeur.
Le Télégramme, 15 juin 2001, n°17412. Milieux extrêmes : l'Ifremer en campagne..
Ouest France, 15 juin 2001. La vie dans les milieux extrêmes de l'Atlantique Nord : Ifremer cherche en eau profonde..
RUBRIQUE 5 : Conference proceedings
Biscoito, M. J., Almeida, A. J. & Santos, R. S. 2002 – The Ichthyology of the MAR Hydrothermal vents and the MOMAR Initiative. P. 26 in
R. S. Santos, J. Escartin, A. Colaço & A. Adamczewska (Eds). Towards planning of sea-floor observatory programs for the MAR region.
(Proceedings of the II MOMAR Workshop). Arquipélago, Suplem. 3: XII+64pp.
Sarradin, P.M., K. Olu-Le Roy, H. Ondréas, M. Sibuet, M. Klages, Y. Fouquet, B. Savoye, J.F. Drogou and J.L. Michel. (2002). Evaluation
of the first year of scientific use of the french ROV Victor 6000. Underwater Technology 2002, Tokyo, Japan (extended abstract
RUBRIQUE 6 : Conferences Internationales
B-Deos meeting in Cardiff (25-27 July 2001) LABHORTA- a land base laboratory for vent studies Colaço, A.; Serrão Santos, R.; and the
VENTOX partners – Poster.
Biscoito, M., A. J. Almeida, D. Desbruyères & A. Colaço, 2002. Ambientes hidrotermais profundos. O caso do Ponto Triplo dos Açores.
Plenary talk at the “7º Encontro Nacional de Ecologia”, Ponta Delgada, Açores, 14-16 November, 2002.
Biscoito, M., Segonzac, M., Almeida, A.J., Desbruyères, D., Geistdoerfer, P, Turnipseed, M. and Van Dover, C. Fishes from the
hydrothermal vents and cold seeps – an update. 2nd International Symposium on Deep sea Hydrothermal vent Biology (Brest, 812/10/2001).
Casse N., Pradier E., Demattéi M-V., Bigot Y. and M. Laulier. Mariner transposons are genetic parasite occuring in the genome of
hydrotermal invertebrates. Second International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal vent biology, Brest 8-12 October 2001.
Charmasson, S., M. Agarande, A. M. Neiva Marques, P. M. Sarradin and D. Desbruyères (2003). Natural radioactivity (U-Th) in biota from
hydrothermal vents: first results. 5th Applied isotope Geochemistry conference, Heron Island, Australia. Poster.
Chausson F., A. Colaço, F. Dehairs, D. Desbruyères, F. Lallier, P.M. Sarradin, (2000). Some biological aspects of Segonzacia mesatlantica,
an hydrothermal vent crab from the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Colloque Galway & Journées Dorsales, Roscoff.
Chausson F., Menard L., Lallier F.H. (2003) Acid-base responses to hypercapnia in hydrothermal vent crustaceans. 10th Deep-Sea biology
symposium, Coos Bay, Oregon, Aug 25-30 2003. Poster.
Colaço, A.; Santos, R.; VENTOX party. -LABHORTA- a land base laboratory for vent studies- II MOMAR workshop- Towards planning of
seafloor observatory programs for the MAR region. Horta, 15 -17 June 2002 – Poster.
Company, R., Serafim, A. & Bebianno, M.J., 2002. Antioxidant defence mechanisms in hydrothermal vent mussels Bathymodiolus azoricus
from Mid-Atlantic Ridge. MOMAR Workshop. Azores. Portugal. 15-17 June 2002-Poster.
Company, R., Serafim, A. & Bebianno, M.J., 2002. Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms in Mussels Bathymodiolus azoricus from Mid-Atlantic
Ridge Hydrothermal Vent Sites. International Symposium on the Environment & Analytical Chemistry-ISEAC 32. 17-21 June 2002.
Plymouth, UK-Poster.Company, R., Serafim, A. & Bebianno, M.J., 2002. Antioxidant enzymes in hydrothermal vent mussels
Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez-Gwen and Lucky Strike. XI Seminário Ibérico de Química Marinha. Faro. Portugal. 2-4 April
2002-Poster.
Company, R., Serafim, A., Bebianno, M.J., Cosson, R. & A. Fiala-Médioni . Effect of cadmium, copper and mercury on antioxidant
enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the gills of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus” Abstract accepted to
PRIMO 12, Florida, June 2003
Cosson R.P., Chausson F., Bustamante P., Laulier M. and Fiala-Médioni A., 2001. First experimental induction of metallothioneins in
Bathymodiolus azoricus and B. thermophilus at the atmospheric pressure. Second International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal
vent biology, Brest 8-12 October 2001.
Daguin, C., Plouviez, S., Hourdez, S., Jollivet, D., 2005. Who’s your mummy? A parentage analysis in the commensal hydrothermal vent
polychaete Branchipolynoe seepensis within host mussels with microsatellite markers. 40th European Marine Biology Symposium,
Vienna (AUT).
Dando, P. R. Growth and maintenance of vent mussels, Bathymodiolus azoricus, in aquaria. 2nd International Symposium on Deep-Sea
Hydrothermal Vent Biology, Brest, October 2001. (oral presentation)
De Cian, M.C., Andersen, A.C.& Lallier, F>H. Carbonic anydydrase loaclization in the gills of two hydrothermal vent crustaceans,
Bythograea thermydron and Rimicaris exoculata. 10th Deep-Sea biology symposium, Coos Bay, Oregon, Aug 25-30 2003. Poster.
Denis F., Vachoux C., Gauvry L., Leignel V., Salin C., Cosson R.P. and Laulier M., 2002. Metallothionein in Bathymodiolus sp.:
complementary DNA characterization and quantification of expression. Second International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal
vent biology, Brest 8-12 October 2001.
Desbruyères, D. (2002). Biology and ecological zonation of Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydrothermal vent fields. Campos Hidrothermais
dos Açores. Management Workshop, Horta Faial (Portugal), 18-19 juin 2002
Desbruyères, D. (2002). Hydrothermal vents as functional parts of the deep-sea. Gift of the Earth Ceremony, Horta Faial (Portugal), 20 juin
2002.
Desbruyères, D. (2002). MOMAR : The ecosystem dynamics and how to study it. Momar 2 workshop, Horta Faial (Portugal), 15-17 juin
2002.
Dixon, D.R. 2001. In vitro Komet method using haemocytes. Industrial Genotoxicology Group Meeting at Institute of Medicine, London,
17 December 2001.
Dixon, D.R. and L.R. Dixon. Summer spawning in the MAR vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata: fact or fallacy? Island Ecosystems
Symposium – A Conservation and Molecular Approach, Madeira, Portugal, 5-9 March 2001.
Dixon, D.R., Dando, P.R., Santos, R.S, Gwynn, J.P. and the VENTOX Consortium. Retrievable cages open up a new era in deep-sea vent
research. 2. Reproductive studies. MOMAR Workshop held in Horta, Açores, Portugal, 15-17 June 2002.
Dixon, D.R., Dixon, L.R.J., Shillito, B. and Gwynn, J.P. Background and induced levels of DNA damage in Pacific deep-sea bent
polychaetes: the case for avoidance. Second International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal vent biology, Brest 8-12 October
2001.
111
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
112
112
Felícia, H., Serafim, A., Company, R. & Bebianno, M.J., 2002. Metallothionein levels in fishes from Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent site.
MOMAR Workshop. Azores. Portugal. 15-17 June 2002-Poster.
Godfroy A., Cambon-Bonavita M.A., Geslin C., Leromancer M.,Prieur D. and Quérellou J. Microbial diversity in marine extreme
environements. ASLO 2005 Aquatic sciences Meeting Salt Lake City,Utah, USA
Godfroy A., Postec A., Lesongeur F., Ollivier B. and Quérellou J.Use of continuous culture to access the cultivable thermophilic microbial
diversity from deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Deep Sea Vent and Seep Biology Symposium 2005 , La Jolla, Californie, USA
Godfroy A., Postec A., Ollivier B., et Quérellou J. Etude de la biodiversité microbienne obtenue par enrichissement en fermenteur de microorganismes thermophiles issus d'échantillons hydrothermaux de la Dorsale Médio-Atlantique. Premier Colloque d'Ecologie Microbienne
Carry le Rouet, France. 2003
Godfroy A., Postec, A., Lesongeur, F. Ollivier B. and Quérellou J. Use of continuous culture to access the cultivable thermophilic microbial
diversity from deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Extremophile 2004, Cambridge Maryland USA
Hourdez, S., Jollivet, D., Lallier, F. H., Schaeffer, S. W., Toulmond, A. and Fisher, C. R. (2003). Evolution of hemoglobins in deep-sea
hydrothermal vent polynoids. In 13th International Conference on Invertebrate Dioxygen Binding Proteins. Mainz, DE.
Jollivet, D., D., Le Guen, T., Comtet & F., Viard. (2001) Bathymetric cline of allozyme frequencies despite high levels of gene flow between
azorean mytilid populations. poster, Second International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Biology. 8-12 October, Brest
2001, France.
Lallier F.H., Chausson F., Sarradin P.M. Adaptation to hypercapnia in hydrothermal vent crustaceans. Second International Symposium on
Deep-Sea Hydrothermal vent biology, Brest 8-12 October 2001
Postec A., Urios L., Ollivier B., Quérellou J. and Godfroy A. Microbial diversity obtained by enrichment culture in bioreactor of
thermophilic microorganisms from hydrothermal samples of the Medio?Atlantic Ridge. Symposium d'Ecologie Microbienne « ISME
2004 », Cancun, Mexique.
thermophilic microorganisms from hydrothermal samples of the Medio?Atlantic Ridge. Colloque « Micro-organismes et environnement
», Rennes, France. 2003
thermophilic microorganisms from hydrothermal samples from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Thermophiles 2003 Exeter, Grande
Bretagne.2003
Postec A.; Laurent Urios ; Bernard Ollivier ; Joël Querellou and Anne Godfroy .Microbial diversity obtained by enrichment culture in
bioreactor of thermophilic microorganisms from hydrothermal samples of the Medio-Atlantic Ridge. Poster, Thermophiles 2003, Exeter ,
UK September 2003
Sanglier S., Van Dorsselaer A., Zal F., Leize E. (2002) Poster. Comparative ESMS study of native hemocyanins from deep-sea and shore
crabs with molecular weights up to 2 341 kDa. EuroConference on Fundamental Studies and Applications, Wilbad Kreuth, Allemagne,
21-26 Juillet.
Sanglier S., Van Dorsselaer A., Zal F., Leize E. (2002Poster. Comparative ESMS study of native hemocyanins from deep-sea and shore
crabs with molecular weights up to 2 341 kDa. ) 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Orlando, USA, 2-6
Juin.
Sarradin P. M. (2001) New approach to the study of biogeochemical interactions in hydrothermal vents. Second International Symposium on
Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Biology, Quartz, Brest, 8-12 octobre, pp. 19.
Sarradin, P.M., K. Olu-Le Roy, H. Ondréas, M. Sibuet, M. Klages, Y. Fouquet, B. Savoye, J.F. Drogou and J.L. Michel. (2002). Evaluation
of the first year of scientific use of the french ROV Victor 6000. Underwater Technology 2002, Tokyo, Japan (extended abstract)
Zal, F., Sanglier, S., Leize, E. and Van Dorsselaer, A. (2003). Comparative ESI-MS Study of ~2.2 MDa Native Haemocyanins from Deepsea and Shore Crabs : from Oligomerization to the Biotope of the Crabs. In 13th International Conference on Invertebrate Dioxygen
Binding Proteins. Mainz, DE.
RUBRIQUE 7 : Conférences Nationales
Almeida, A. J., M. Biscoito & P. Briand - First attempt to assess the distribution and abundance of fish at the hydrothermal vent fields and
surrounding areas of the Azores Triple Junction (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36ºN-37ºN). Oral presentation to RIF2003 – “Deuxièmes
rencontres de l’ichthyologie en France”, Paris 25-28 March 2003.
Desbruyères, D. (2001) Dynamique des écosystèmes et observation à long terme. La vision d'un écologiste. Atelier "Observation à long
terme sur les dorsales océaniques", Roscoff, 29-31 octobre.
Desbruyères, D. (2002). Ecologie des milieux abyssaux extrêmes : l'indispensable approche non invasive. Journée Imagerie Optique SousMarine, POP, Maison des Technologies, Toulon, 28 novembre 2002.
Godfroy A., Anne Postec, Bernard Ollivier et Joël Querellou. Etude de la diversité microbienne obtenue par enrichissement en fermenteur de
micro-organismes thermophiles issus d’échantillons hydrothermaux de la Dorsale Médio-Atlantique. Communication orale Colloque
d’Ecologie Microbienne , Carry le Rouet , France Avril 2003.
Guerreiro, V., L. Narciso, A. J. Almeida & M. Biscoito – Lipid profile of deep-sea fishes from the Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen
Hydrothermal vent sites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Poster presentation to RIF2003 – “Deuxièmes rencontres de l’ichthyologie en France”,
Paris 25-28 March 2003.
Hardivillier Y., Leignel V., Denis F. and Laulier M.. Cloning of metallothionein gene and characterization of cDNA sequence in
hydrothermal mussel, Bathymodiolus sp. XIX ème forum des jeunes oceanographes. Nantes – 4/04/2002.Poster.
Le Bris, N., P.-M. Sarradin and R. Vuillemin In situ chemical analysis to characterise the environment of deep-sea hydrothermal vent
fauna.. Sensor and Biosensors, Toulouse, France 2001.
Le Bris, N., P.M. Sarradin, R. Vuillemin, D. Birot, S. Pennec and B. Leilde. Analyseurs et capteurs pour l'étude des écosystèmes
chimiosynthétiques profonds. Atelier Experimentation et Instrumentation, INSU-Ifremer-Meteo-France, 28-30 janv. 2003, Brest, France.
Sarradin, P.M. (2002). Observatoire fond de mer pour l'étude des interactions organismes - habitats : le chantier Açores. Séminaire DRO,
Ifremer Centre de Brest, 30-31 octobre 2002.
Sarradin, P.M. (2002). WP4 : ATOS Cruise. VENTOX Meeting, Ifremer Centre de Brest, 18-19 novembre 2002.
Teixeira, S. C., F. Dehairs, A. J. Almeida & M. Biscoito – Evaluation of heavy metals spatio-temporal variations in otoliths and vertebrae of
fishes from the Azorean hydrothermal vent areas: Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Oral presentation to RIF2003 –
“Deuxièmes rencontres de l’ichthyologie en France”, Paris 25-28 March 2003.
112
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
113
113
Zal, Franck, Bruce Shillito, Pierre-Marie Sarradin, Nadine Le Bris, Jean-Claude Caprais & François H. Lallier (2000) Évolution du système
IPOCAMP : Contrôle des paramètres chimiques de l'enceinte (O2, CO2, CH4, H2S, NO2 et NO3) pour une expérimentation in situ
simulée. Journées DORSALES 2000, 20-22 Sep, Roscoff (France) – Poster.
RUBRIQUE 8 : reports
Desbruyères, D., Khripounoff, A., Le Bris, N. , Sarradin P.M. (2002). Rapport annuel VENTOX. Plouzané, Ifremer.
Sarradin P. M. (2000) Demande de campagne ATOS. (demande de campagne).
Sarradin P. M. (2000) Demande d'autorisation de travaux de recherche scientifique dans la zone économique exclusive sous juridiction du
Portugal (rapport).
Sarradin P. M. (2001) Demande de soutien de campagne à la mer (soutien de campagne ATOS, VENTOX).
Sarradin, P.M. et participants campagne ATOS (2001) Campagne ATOS (texte pour le Comité d'Administration).
Sarradin, P. M. (2002). Rapport de campagne ATOS. Plouzané, Ifremer: 294 p. (rapport de campagne)
Sarradin, P-M., Fabri, M-C. & Briand, P. 2002. Rapport de campagne ATOS. (N/O Atalante – Victor 6000, 22 juin – 21 juillet, 2001
5°PCRD VENTOX (EVK3-CT1999-00003). Brest: IFREMER, DRO/EP Avril 2002 – DRO/EP-02/31, 304pp.
Rubrique 12 : documents vidéo, films
Biscoito, M. & A. J. Almeida, 2003 - Fishes of the Hydrothermal Vents of the Azores Triple Junction (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). . 2nd edition.
CD-ROM.
Rubrique 14 : DEA
Duperron, S. Diversité des bactéries associéees à différentes substrats au niveau de sources hydrothermales sous marines. DEA Biodiversité,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Menard, L., 2002. Les crustacés hydrothermaux : des adaptations originales à l’hypercapnie ? DEA report, DEA Biologie Intégrée des
Invertébrés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 20 pp.
Plouviez, S., 2005. Etude de l'apparentement juvénile/femelle mature et de la dispersion chez le polychète hydrothermal Branchipolynoe
seepensis du point triple des Azores à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites. M1, Univ. Montpellier 2.
Chapitre d'ouvrage
Godfroy A, Postec A, Raven N (sous presse) Growth of hyperthermophilic microorganisms for physiological and nutritional studies. In: A.
RF, A. O (eds) Methods in Microbiology, Extremophiles. Academic Press., Oxford, England
113
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
114
114
Fiche de valorisation de campagne MoMARETO 2006
Monitoring the Mid Atlantic Ridge: Ecology, Technology Observation
MoMARETO cruise 2006
Fiche de valorisation janvier 2009
Nom de la campagne : MoMARETO
Navire : NO Pourquoi pas?
Dates de la campagne : Août – Septembre 2006
Chef de projet : J. Sarrazin
Chef de mission 1 : P.M. Sarradin
Chef de mission 2 : J. Sarrazin
Programme : EXOCET/D FP6-GOCE-CT-2003505342
Zone : Atlantique, Açores
Organisme : Ifremer DEEP LEP
Fiche remplie par : P.M. Sarradin et J. Sarrazin
Date de rédaction de la fiche : Janvier 08,
révision janvier 09
Adresse : Ifremer DEEP LEP, BP 70 F-29280 PLOUZANE
Tel : 02 98 22 46 72
Fax : 02 98 22 47 57
[email protected]
02 98 22 43 29
La première partie du document et le tableau de synthèse rassemblent la valorisation « directe » de la
campagne MoMARETO.
La fiche de valorisation contractuelle du projet EXOCET/D (2004-2007) est en fin de document.
Les références communes sont marquées par un *.
Résultats majeurs obtenus :
La campagne Momareto s'est déroulée du 7 août au 6 septembre 2006 au large des Açores sur le navire
océanographique Pourquoi Pas?. La campagne Momareto a permis l'embarquement de 55 scientifiques,
ingénieurs et techniciens de plusieurs nationalités et de quatre journalistes. Deux plongées Victor ont été
réalisées avec le nouveau module de mesures en route et 21 plongées ont été faites avec le module de
prélèvement de base. Quatre plongées ont été effectuées sur le site Menez Gwen, 3 plongées sur le site
Rainbow et 16 plongées sur le site Lucky Strike. Cette campagne, pilotée par l'Ifremer (chefs de mission :
PM Sarradin et J Sarrazin, DEEP/LEP) était divisée en deux legs.
Le premier leg (7-17 août), financé en partie par l'Europe (étape de démonstration du projet européen
EXOCET/D), avait comme objectif principal de valider une quinzaine de prototypes dédiés à l'étude des
écosystèmes marins profonds, développés dans du projet EXOCET/D. L'utilisation au cours des deux
premières plongées du module de mesure en route de Victor, équipé du sondeur multifaisceaux et d'un
sonar pêche a permis i) l'obtention d'une carte micro-bathymétrique de très haute résolution du site
hydrothermal Lucky Strike avec un zoom sur l'édifice Tour Eiffel, ii) de valider l'utilité du sondeur pêche
(collaboration C. Scalabrin) pour la cartographie à petite échelle des émissions hydrothermales et de iii)
vérifier l'interférence soupçonnée entre le SMF et le sonar pêche. Deux caméras de stéréovision (IRIS Ifremer/SM- et CAMEREO -AWI-), permettant la reconstruction 3D de petites structures, ont été testées.
L'utilisation du sonar Tritech "Super seeking dual frequency profiler" pour cartographier la distribution de
la faune et des substrats sur les édifices hydrothermaux a pu être validée techniquement au cours du
premier leg. La partie "imagerie vidéo" (Ifremer/SM) du module d'observation biologique TEMPO a été
testée avec succès lors d'un mouillage autonome. L'analyseur chimique miniaturisé CHEMINI (Fer et
Sulfure -Ifremer/TSI), le préleveur d'eau PEPITO (Ifremer/TSI) ainsi qu'un capteur de méthane (AWI) et
un débitmètre (Cardiff University) ont été testé à plusieurs reprises avec succès dans le milieu
hydrothermal. Le déploiement sur plusieurs jours d'une CTD associée à un profileur de courants
(Université de Brême) à proximité de l'édifice hydrothermal Tour Eiffel a permis l'acquisition de données
de courant à petite échelle autour de la structure. Enfin, les trois outils dédiés au prélèvement et à
l'échantillonnage de la faune (enceinte sous pression Periscop -UPMC-, respiromètres sous pression
DESEARES -Station biologique de Roscoff- et colonisateur microbien AISICS -Ifremer/TSI) ont été testés
avec succès. Mis à part la mise en évidence d’ajustements et d'améliorations possibles sur les
instruments testés, ce premier leg a été un grand succès. Il a également montré l'importance de la phase
114
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
115
115
de test/validation technologique, initiée à Toulon en avril 2006, avant le passage à l’utilisation
scientifique. Le site web de la campagne Momareto a été lancé, avec l'aide d'un webmaster terrestre, au
cours de ce premier leg.
Le deuxième leg (18 août – 5 septembre) avait pour objectifs principaux de i) rechercher les liens entre
la distribution spatio-temporelle des assemblages de moules et les facteurs environnementaux sur le
champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike, ii) d'étudier la réponse et l’adaptation des organismes hydrothermaux
aux caractéristiques et aux variations à court terme des facteurs du milieu et iii) de communiquer les
avancées de cette campagne en temps réel avec le grand public. Une partie de l'instrumentation testée
au 1er leg a été utilisée avec succès pour l'échantillonnage et l'étude de la faune ainsi que pour la
caractérisation du milieu. Les différentes équipes scientifiques impliquées ont pu mener à bien leurs
expériences et les objectifs globaux sont atteints. Le module d'observation biologique à long terme
TEMPO a été déployé avec succès en fin de campagne sur un assemblage de moules. Il permettra le suivi
de la dynamique de cette faune et de son habitat pendant un an. Tempo constitue la première phase
dans l'établissement d'un observatoire sur le champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike dans le cadre du projet
MoMAR. Des sondes de température et des modules de colonisation ont également été déployés pour
compléter le suivi temporel.
Au niveau communication, la campagne affiche un réel succès avec plus de 18 articles dans la presse, 6
émissions radio et au moins trois émissions TV. Le site web a connu la deuxième plus grande affluence
des sites Ifremer avec 10% du trafic. Il a attiré au moins 10 000 internautes distincts (hors Ifremer) et a
permis une réelle synergie avec les gens du bord. Enfin, une grande première avec la "Nuit des abysses",
une plongée en direct, rediffusée au centre Ifremer de Brest devant 250 personnes.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Publications d’articles originaux dans des revues avec comité de lecture
référencées SCI
Rapports de contrats (CEE, FAO, Convention, Collectivités …)
Brevets – enveloppes Soleau
Etudiants ayant utilisés les données de la campagne
Thèses et post doc ayant utilisés les données de la campagne
Biocean
Nombre
10
4 soumises
2
2
22
9
22
16
4
2
2
2
7
6+2
En cours
Oui : ....
Oui : ....
Oui : ....
en cours
115
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
116
116
Rubrique 1: Publications dans des revues scientifiques avec comité de lecture
Bettencourt Raul, Paul Dando Valentina Costa, Domitília Rosa, Virginie Riou, Ana Colaço, Jozée Sarrazin, PierreMarie Sarradin, and Ricardo Serrão Santos. Changes in gill tissues of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus
held for 6 months in aquaria at atmospheric pressure. (2008). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part
A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. Volume 150, Issue 1, Pages 1-7
Byrne Nathalie, Marc Strous, Valentin Crépeau, Boran Kartal, Jean-Louis Birrien, Markus Schmid, Françoise
Lesongeur, Stefan Schouten, Andrea Jaeschke, Mike Jetten, Daniel Prieur and Anne Godfroy. Presence and
activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, ISME Journal advance
online publication, July 31, 2008; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.72
De Busserolles F, Sarrazin J, Gauthier O , Gélinas Y, Fabri MC, Sarradin PM, Desbruyères D, Are spatial dietary
variations of hydrothermal fauna linked to local environmental conditions? 2009, Deep Sea Research part II,
accepted with revisions.
Halary Sébastien, Riou Virginie, Gaill Françoise, Boudier Thomas, Duperron Sébastien. 3D FISH for the
quantification of methane- and sulphur-oxidizing endosymbionts in bacteriocytes of the hydrothermal vent
mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus, ISME J., 2 (3), 284-292, 2008.
Ondréas H., M. Cannat, Y. Fouquet, A. Normand, P.M Sarradin and J. Sarrazin. Recent volcanic events and the
distribution of hydrothermal venting at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochem.
Geophys. Geosyst., doi:10.1029/2008GC002171, in press, 2009.
Riou Virginie, Halary Sébastien, Duperron Sébastien, Bouillon Steven, Elskens Marc, Bettencourt Raul, Santos
Ricardo Serrão, Dehairs Frank, Colaço Ana. Influence of CH4 and H2S availability on symbiont distribution,
carbon assimilation and transfer in the dual symbiotic vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Biogeosciences, 5,
1681-1691, 2008.
Sarradin Pierre-Marie, Matthieu Waeles, Solène Bernagout, Christian Le Gall, Jozée Sarrazin, Ricardo Riso.
Speciation of dissolved copper within an active hydrothermal edifice on the Lucky Strike vent field (MAR,
37°N). (2009) Science of the Total Environment 407 (2) 869
SHILLITO B., G. HAMEL, C. DUCHI, D. COTTIN, J. SARRAZIN, P.-M. SARRADIN, J. RAVAUX, and F. GAILL. Live
capture of macrofauna from 2300m depth, using a newly-designed pressure recovery device. (2008). Deep-Sea
Research I 55 881– 889.
Thurnherr, A.M., Reverdin, G., Bouruet-Aubertot, P., St. Laurent, L.C., Vangriesheim, A., Ballu, V., 2008.
Hydrography and flow in the Lucky Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Marine Research 66,
347. (Cette publication utilise des profils CTD acquis pour le projet Graviluck durant MoMARETO)
Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, K. Bucas, J.P. Sudreau, M. Hamon, C. Le Gall, P.M. Sarradin. CHEMINI: a new
in situ CHEmical MINIaturized analyzer. 2009, Deep Sea Research part I. Instruments and methods, sous
presse.
Soumises
Bonnivard Eric, Olivier Catrice, Juliette Ravaux, Spencer Brown, Dominique Higuet. Survey of genome size in 28
hydrothermal vent species covering 10 families. Submitted to Genome, December 2008.
Cuvelier, D., Sarrazin, J., Colaço, A., Copley, J., Desbruyères, D., Tyler, P., Serrão Santos, R. Distribution and
patchiness of hydrothermal faunal assemblages on Eiffel Tower edifice: a study based on video image
analyses. Submitted to DSR, December 2008.
Piednoël Mathieu, Eric Bonnivard. DIRS1-like retrotransposons are widely distributed among Decapoda and are
particularly present in hydrothermal vent organisms. Submitted to BMC Evolutionary Biology, December 2008.
Sarrazin J., Rodier P., Tivey M.K., Singh H., Schultz A., Sarradin P.M. A dual sensor device to estimate fluid flow
velocity at diffuse hydrothermal vents. Submitted to DSR I Instruments and methods, January 2009.
Rubrique 2 : Publications dans d’autres revues scientifiques
Sarradin, P.-M., Sarrazin, and the EXOCET/D participants, 2007. EXtreme ecosystem studies in the deep OCEan:
Technological Developments. InterRidge News 16, 17-21.Sarrazin, J., Sarradin, P.M. and the MoMareto cruise
participants, 2006, MoMARETO: a cruise dedicated to the spatio-temporal dynamics and the adaptations of
hydrothermal vent fauna on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. InterRidge News, v15, 24-33.
Sarrazin, J., Sarradin, P.M. and the MoMareto cruise participants, 2006, MoMARETO: a cruise dedicated to the
spatio-temporal dynamics and the adaptations of hydrothermal vent fauna on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
InterRidge News, v15, 24-33.
Vuillemin Renaud, Dominique Le Roux, Philippe Dorval, Karenn Bucas, Agathe Laës-Huon, Michel Hamon, Jean
Pierre Sudreau, Pierre Marie Sarradin. CHEMINI CHEmical MINIaturized Analyzer : Une nouvelle génération
d’analyseurs chimiques in situ pour le milieu marin. Publication acceptée aux “Techniques de l’ingénieur”, 2008.
116
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
117
117
Rubrique 3: Publications sous forme de rapports techniques
Sarrazin, J et Sarradin, PM. (2008) Rapport de campagne Momareto. DEEP/LEP 08/10, 380 pages.
Ivanenko, S., Sarrazin, J. et Morineaux, M. (2008). Etude de la diversité et de la microdistribution des copépodes
(Crustacea) dans les écosystèmes profonds associés à la chimiosynthèse. Rapport interne suite à subvention
accueil de chercheurs étrangers Ifremer. DEEP/LEP 08/09, 36 pages.
RUBRIQUE 4 : Presse et média
Cette rubrique est commune à MoMARETO et EXOCET/D.
Conférence de presse
Sarrazin, J., Sarradin, PM (2006). Conférence de Presse de la campagne MoMARETO à l’Institut océanographique.
Paris, le 29 juin 2006.
Communiqués de presse.
GRAVILUCK et MOMARETO, deux campagnes océanographiques sur la dorsale médio-Atlantique. Paris, le 29 juin
(dossier de presse).
Suivre la campagne océanographique MOMARETO ? Direction... la toile !. Paris le 2 août.
Technologie : premier "direct" des grands fonds réussi. Paris le 1er septembre.
Dépêches AFP.
Deux campagnes pour étudier les écosystèmes des geysers sous-marins. Paris le 29 juin.
A la découverte des écosystèmes des geysers sous-marins, par Frédéric Garlan. Paris le 29 juin.
Presse.
2006
Une mission part observer la formation de la croûte terrestre au fond de l'océan. Christiane Galus, Le Monde, 9
août.
Les Ecosystèmes sous-marins au peigne fin. Caroline de Malet, Le Figaro, 22-23 juillet
Plongée visuelle dans les abysses. Libération, 4 septembre.
Plongée au coeur des abysses. Bruno D. Cot, L'Express, 21-27 septembre.
Voyage au centre de la mer. Vahé Ter Minassian, L'Express, 3-9 août.
Plongée dans les abysses. Marine Cygler, Ushuaïa, 6 novembre.
En direct des grands fonds. Fabien Grufier, Le Nouvel Observateur, 7-13 septembre.
Momar, le premier observatoire sous-marin européen. Science et Avenir, septembre.
Ifremer : de nouveaux outils pour conquérir les grands fonds marins. Caroline Martinat, Var-matin, 8 août.
La campagne d'Ifremer en direct sur Internet. Ouest France, 21 août.
A la rencontre du peuple secret des abysses. Sébastien Panou, Ouest France, 1er septembre.
Ifremer plonge sur les oasis des abysses. Sébastien Panou, Ouest France, 1er septembre.
L'exploration c'est leur vie. Le Monde des ados, juillet.
Des robots à l'assaut des fonds marins. L. Salamon, Mon Quotidien, 23 août.
Des chercheurs a-cce-ssibles ! Nathalie Blanc, Sciences Ouest, septembre.
En direct avec les chercheurs du Pourquoi-Pas ?. Les internautes plongés dans les abysses. Sciences Ouest,
septembre.
Abstracts for the international issue. Sciences Ouest, septembre.
Momar : Quelques lieux sous les mers. Mathieu Ravau, Le Journal du CNRS, 8 septembre.
Sous l'eau. Sciences Frontières, août-septembre.
Thalassa. Une saison dans les îles : les Açores, depuis la route du rhum. Laurent Thévenin, Télérama, 25 octobre.
A la découverte des écosystèmes des geysers sous-marins. Affiches Parisiennes et Départementales, 25-26 juillet.
2008
En route pour les abysses. VIP, automne 2008.
"Really deep-sea fishing", BBC Focus Magazine, October 2008, page 20.
Télévision.
Le Nautile est un sous-marin. L'Ifremer va aller scruter la croûte océanique au large des Açores. Itw de Jean-Paul
Justiniano, pilote du Nautile. France 2, journal de 20h00, le 18 août.
L'Ifremer a transmis des images en direct depuis le fond de l'océan. Itw de Jacques Binot responsable de la flotte
Ifremer et de Pierre Cochonat, responsable des grands fonds. TF1, journal de 20h00, le 5 septembre.
Après un mois passé dans l'Océan Atlantique, la campagne océanographique Momareto s'est achevée le 6
septembre dernier. (reportage à bord du Pourquoi Pas ?). LCP-AN / Public Sénar, Le Journal des Sciences, le 28
septembre.
117
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
118
118
J. Sarrazin et PM Sarradin (2006). Thalassa. Interview de J. Sarrazin et de PM Sarradin. Reportage de 9 minutes
consacré à la campagne Momareto, 3 novembre 2006.
Radio.
L'Ifremer va mener deux campagnes dans le Sud des Açores pour y étudier la faune et la flore des fonds marins.
Reportage. Itw de J. Sarrazin, chef de mission. RF1 Actualités, le 1er juillet.
C'est arrivé demain. Itw de P.M. Sarradin et J. Sarrazin, chercheurs à l'Ifremer. Europe 1, le 13 août.
Tout s'explique. Itw de M. Héral, directeur scientifique de l'Ifremer et de J. Sarrazin en direct du Pourquoi Pas ?
France Inter, le 22 août.
Reportage Itw de P.M. Sarradin chef de l'expédition Momareto, de J. Sarrazin, co-chef de mission et de D.
Desbruyères, directeur de la mission. RFI, le 21 septembre.
Grand reportage. Deux expéditions de l'Ifremer se sont déroulées sur le Pourquoi Pas ? RFI, le 21 septembre.
Reportage sur la mission Momareto de l'Ifremer en direct du Grand Pavois à La Rochelle. Itw de D. Desbruyères,
directeur de la mission et de J. Sarrazin, chef de la mission. RFI Soir, le 21 septembre.
Des chercheurs de l'Ifremer ont réussi à retransmettre en direct des images vidéo du fond des mers. NRJ Brest,
journal régional de 12h30, le 6 septembre.
Web.
Science de la terre. Un mois d'août au fond des mers (http://sciences.nouvelobs.com)
Campagnes océanographiques jumelées (http://scienceetviejunior.fr)
Observer la vie animale sous 800 à 2 300 m d'eau pourquoi pas ? (http://espace-sciences.org)
Brancher les abysses sur le haut débit : pourquoi pas ? (http://espace-sciences.org)
Campagne GRAVILUCK (http://ynet.co.il)
L'inconcevable vie des abysses (Radio-Canada.ca)
Exocetd/ifremer.fr
MoMARETO/ifremer.fr
Site internet de la BBC : http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7525552.stm, "Live fish caught at record depth" by AnnaMarie Lever, July 2008
Rubrique 5: Publication de résumés de colloques
*Brandou V., A. G. Allais, M. Perrier, E. Malis, P. Rives, J. Sarrazin, P. M. Sarradin. 3D Reconstruction of Natural
Underwater Scenes Using the Stereovision System IRIS. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen
Scotland. Proceedings #061215-051
*Sarradin P.-M., J. Sarrazin, A.G. Allais, D. Almeida, V. Brandou, A. Boetius, E. Buffier, E. Coiras, A. Colaço, A.
Cormack, S. Dentrecolas, D. Desbruyères, P. Dorval, H. du Buf, J. Dupont, A. Godfroy, M. Gouillou, J.
Gronemann, G. Hamel, M. Hamon, U. Hoge, D. Lane, C. Le Gall, D. Leroux, J. Legrand, P. Léon, J.P. Lévèque,
M. Masson, K. Olu, A. Pascoal, E. Sauter, L. Sanfilippo, E. Savino, L. Sebastião, R. Serrão Santos, B. Shillito, P.
Siméoni, A. Schultz, J.P. Sudreau, P. Taylor, R. Vuillemin, C. Waldmann, F. Wenzhöfer, F. Zal. (2007). EXtreme
ecosystem studies in the deep OCEan : Technological Developments. European Geophysical Union, April 2007,
Vienna, Austria.
Siméoni, A. Schultz, J.P. Sudreau, P. Taylor, R. Vuillemin, C. Waldmann, F. Wenzhöfer, F. Zal. EXtreme
ecosystem studies in the deep OCEan : Technological Developments. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007,
Aberdeen Scotland. Proceedings #061215-044
*Sarrazin J., J. Blandin, L. Delauney, S. Dentrecolas, P. Dorval, J. Dupont, J. Legrand, D. Leroux, P. Léon, J.P.
Lévèque, P. Rodier, R. Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin. (2007). TEMPO: a new ecological module for studying deep-sea
community dynamics at hydrothermal Vents. MARTECH07, Conference proceedings, Instrumentation viewpoint,
6, p. 23.
*Sarrazin J., J. Blandin, L. Delauney, S. Dentrecolas, P. Dorval, J. Dupont, J. Legrand, C. Le Gall, D. Le Roux, M.
Hamon, J.P. Sudreau, P. Léon, J.P. Lévèque, P. Rodier, R. Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin. (2007) TEMPO: a new
ecological module for studying deep-sea community dynamics at hydrothermal vents. Abstract et poster
présenté au congrès Martech, Barcelone, novembre 2007.
Lévèque, P. Rodier, R. Vuillemin, P.M. Sarradin. TEMPO: a new ecological module for studying deep-sea
community dynamics at hydrothermal Vents. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland.
Proceedings #061215-042
118
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
119
119
*Sarrazin J., P.M. Sarradin, E. Buffier, A. Christophe, G. Clodic, D. Desbruyères, Y. Fouquet, M. Gouillou, M.
Jannez, Y. Le Fur, J. Le Rest, F. Lecornu, O. Lefort, S. Lux, B. Millet, P. Guillemet. A real-time dive on active
hydrothermal vents. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland. Proceedings #061215-068
*Simeoni, P., Sarrazin, J., Nouzé, H., Sarradin, PM, Ondreas, H., Scalabrin, C., & Sinquin, JM. (2007). Victor 6000:
New High Resolution Tools for Deep Sea Research. «Module de Mesures en Route». OCEANS07 IEEE
Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland. Proceedings #061212-006
*Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, M. Hamon, J. P. Sudreau, C. Le Gall and P.M. Sarradin (2007). CHEMINI :
CHEmical MINIaturised analyser : A new generation of in situ chemical analysers for marine applications.
MARTECH07, Conference proceedings, Instrumentation viewpoint, 6, p.9.
Rubrique 6: Communications dans des colloques internationaux
Communications orales
*Brandou V., A. G. Allais, M. Perrier, E. Malis, P. Rives, J. Sarrazin, P. M. Sarradin. 3D Reconstruction of Natural
Underwater Scenes Using the Stereovision System IRIS. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen
Scotland. Oral presentation.
Byrne Nathalie, Marc Strous, Valentin Crépeau, Boran Kartal, Jean-Louis Birrien, Markus Schmid, Françoise
Lesongeur, Stefan Schouten, Andrea Jaeschke, Mike Jetten, Daniel Prieur and Anne Godfroy. Presence and
activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Extremophiles 2008, Cape
Town South Africa
Colaço Ana, Pierre Marie Sarradin. MoMAR-D: ESONET demonstration mission, All regions workshop- 5,6,7
september, Barcelona Spain.
Cuvelier D., Sarrazin J., Colaço A., Copley J., Desbruyères D., Tyler P., Serrão Santos R. Distribution of faunal
assemblages on the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal structure (Lucky Strike) based on image analyses. MarBEF
General Assembly Gdansk Poster presentation (May 2007)
assemblages on the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal structure (Lucky Strike) based on image analyses.
Rocks&N&beasts ? Interdisciplinary conference on vent systems - Leeds (June 2007) Oral Presentation
Halary S, Riou V, Frébourg G, Boudier T, Gaill F, Duperron S. Investigating symbiont densities and localization in
hydrothermal vent and cold seep mytilids using fluorescence hybridization techniques and image analysis.
Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 03840, 2007 © European Geosciences Union 2007
Legendre, P. 2007. Momareto: exploration of hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Symposium on
Quantitative Ecology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. August 3, 2007. Oral
Martins I., Colaço A., Lesongeur F., Godfroy A., Sarradin P-M., Cosson R.P. & Serrao Santos R. Metal exposure and
physiological condition of mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from Eiffel Tower hydrothermal vent site. PRIMO 14
Meeting (Pollutants Responses In Marine Organisms), Florianopolis, Brazil, May 2007.
Riou Virginie, Dehairs Frank, Santos Ricardo Serrão, Colaço Ana, Bouillon Steven. Identification of PLFA biomarkers
for two endosymbiotic bacteria from a mid-Atlantic ridge deep sea hydrothermal vent mussel using stable
isotope tracers. ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting 2009, Nice, France. Abstract ID:4409. Oral presentation.
Riou Virginie, Colaço Ana, Bouillon Steven, Chevalier Emilie, Mangion Perrine, Korntheuer Michael, Connelly Doug,
Khripounoff Alexis, Dehairs Frank, Santos Ricardo Serrão. Assimilation of carbon and nitrogen from dissolved
and particulate material in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge deep sea hydrothermal mytilid Bathymodiolus azoricus: use
of stable isotopes. EGU General Assembly 2008. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, 2008, EGU2008-A06444. Oral presentation.
Riou Virginie. Nutritional plasticity of Bathymodiolus azoricus : use of stable isotope enrichment techniques.
MoMARnet 3rd annual meeting, 2007, Lisbon, Portugal. Oral presentation.
Siméoni, A. Schultz, J.P. Sudreau, P. Taylor, R. Vuillemin, C. Waldmann, F. Wenzhöfer, F. Zal. EXtreme
ecosystem studies in the deep OCEan : Technological Developments. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007,
Aberdeen Scotland. Oral presentation.
Sarradin P.M., The French MoMAR project. InterRidge Theoretical Institute, September 2007, Woods Hole USA.
Sarradin Pierre-Marie, Jozée Sarrazin, Yves Fouquet, Daniel Desbruyères, FEED BACKS : 3 multidisciplinary cruises
on the Pourquoi pas ? TSM 2007, Décembre 2007, La Londe les Maures, Fr.
community dynamics at hydrothermal Vents. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland. Oral
presentation.
119
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
120
120
community dynamics at hydrothermal Vents. MARTECH07,Conference proceedings, Instrumentation
viewpoint, 6, p. 23.
*Sarrazin J., P.M. Sarradin, E. Buffier, A. Christophe, G. Clodic, D. Desbruyères, Y. Fouquet, M. Gouillou, M.
Jannez, Y. Le Fur, J. Le Rest, F. Lecornu, O. Lefort, S. Lux, B. Millet, P. Guillemet. A real-time dive on active
hydrothermal vents. OCEANS07 IEEE Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland. Oral presentation.
Sarrazin, J. Momareto : a cruise to study the mysteries of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. 8ème congrès des
étudiants du GEOTOP, Pohénégamook, Québec, Canada. 8-10 février 2008. (oral).
*Simeoni, P., Sarrazin, J., Nouzé, H., Sarradin, PM, Ondreas, H., Scalabrin, C., & Sinquin, JM. (2007). Victor 6000:
New High Resolution Tools for Deep Sea Research. «Module de Mesures en Route». OCEANS07 IEEE
Aberdeen, June 2007, Aberdeen Scotland.
*Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, M. Hamon, J. P. Sudreau, C. Le Gall and P.M. Sarradin. CHEMINI : CHEmical
MINIaturised analyser : A new generation of in situ chemical analysers for marine applications.
MARTECH07,Conference proceedings, Instrumentation viewpoint, 6, p.9.
Posters
Bruneaux M., Leize E., Lallier F.H., Zal F., Short term adaptive response and phenotypic plasticity of crustacean
hemocyanins : study of Carcinus maenas and Segonzacia mesatlantica, poster, Society for Experimental Biology
annual main meeting, 3-14th April 2007, Glasgow
Bruneaux M., Pasquier J., Terrier P., Leize E., Lallier F.H., Zal F., Respiratory adaptations of a deep-sea
hydrothermal crustacean, the crab Segonzacia mesatlantica, poster, Society for Experimental Biology
annual main meeting, 6-10th July 2008, Marseille
Byrne, N., F. Lesongeur, D. Prieur, and A. Godfroy. (2007) Diversity of thermophilic microbial populations in deep
sea hydrothermal vent chimney: cultural approach in bioreactor. Thermophiles, Bergen (Norvège).
assemblages on the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal structure (Lucky Strike) based on image analyses. InterRidge
Theoretical Institute on Biogeochemical interactions at Deep-sea vents. Woods Hole (September 2007) Poster
Presentation
Dutertre M., Rosa P. & Cosson R.P. Is there a relationship between Bathymodiolus azoricus gill size and its
environmental conditions? Journées du GDR ECCHIS, Roscoff, France, Avril 2007 (P).
Halary Sébastien, Riou Virginie, Gaill Françoise, Boudier Thomas, Duperron Sébastien. 3D FISH for the
quantification of methane- and sulphur-oxidising endosymbionts in bacteriocytes of the hydrothermal vent
mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. EGU General Assembly 2008. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10,
EGU2008-A-09210, 2008. Poster.
Piednoël Mathieu, Dominique Higuet, Eric Bonnivard. DIRS-like retrotransposons are common among hydrothermal
shrimps. ICTE International Congress on transposable Elements, April 20-23, 2008, Saint Malo, France.
Riou V, Halary S, Martins I, Korntheuer M, Costa V, Laranjo M, Pires L, Leal C, Duperron S, Colaço A, Bouillon S,
Serrão Santos R, Dehairs F. Nutrition study of Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez Gwen: development of
stable isotope enrichment techniques to follow the assimilation pathways by symbiosis versus filter-feeding.
Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 04445, 2007 © European Geosciences Union 2007
Riou Virginie, Colaço Ana, Bouillon Steven, Mangion Perrine, Chevalier Emilie, Korntheuer Michael, Connelly Doug,
Khripounoff Alexis, Santos Ricardo Serrão, Dehairs Frank. Assimilation of particulate and dissolved organic
matter by the deep sea vent mytilid Bathymodiolus azoricus. ESF-COST event « Water and Life », 2008,
Taormina, Italy. Poster.
Riou Virginie, Halary Sébastien, Colaço Ana, Bouillon Steven, Duperron Sébastien, Bettencourt Raul, Santos Ricardo
Serrão, Dehairs Frank. Chemotrophic carbon fixation and transfer in the dual endosymbiotic mytilid
Bathymodiolus azoricus from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. EGU General Assembly 2008. Geophysical Research
Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-06507. Poster.
*Vuillemin R., D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, M. Hamon, J. P. Sudreau, C. Le Gall and P.M. Sarradin. CHEMINI : CHEmical
MINIaturised analyser : A new generation of in situ chemical analysers for marine applications. European
Geophysical Union, April 2007, Vienna, Austria.
Rubrique 7: Communications dans des colloques nationaux
Communications orales
Legendre, P. 2006. Momareto : exploration des sources hydrothermales de la dorsale médio-atlantique. Séminaire,
Laboratoire de biologie marine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre. 24 octobre 2006.
120
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
121
121
Département de chimie-biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 16 novembre 2006.
Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, 24 novembre 2006.
Legendre, P. 2007. Momareto : exploration des sources hydrothermales de la dorsale médio-atlantique. Conférence
dans le cadre du cours Bio 1803 Écologie et environnement, Université de Montréal, 22 mars 2007.
Legendre, P. 2007. Momareto : exploration des sources hydrothermales de la dorsale médio-atlantique. Séminaire
d'écologie aquatique, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal. 1er octobre 2007.
Master 2 Biodiversité tropicale, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre. 22 octobre 2007.
Legendre, P. 2007. Momareto : exploration des sources hydrothermales de la dorsale médio-atlantique. Conférence
dans le cadre du cours Bio 1803s Écologie et environnement, Université de Montréal, 14 novembre 2007.
Legendre, P. 2008. MoMARETO: exploration of hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Public lecture, School
of Environmental Systems Engineering and Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Western Australia,
Perth, Australia, March 10, 2008.
Legendre, P. 2008. MoMARETO: exploration of hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. UWA Albany Skywest
Lecture, University of Western Australia Albany Centre, Albany, Western Australia, March 17, 2008.
Anne Godfroy, Nathalie Byrne, Anne Postec et Françoise Lesongeur. Cultures de communautés microbiennes
thermophiles des écosystèmes hydrothermaux en bioréacteur. Workshop "Méthodes de culture et bactéries
non cultivables". Association Francophone d’Ecologie Microbienne Banyuls juin 2008
Cuvelier, D.; Sarrazin J.; Colaço A.; Copley J. ; Desbruyères, D. ; Tyler, P.; Serrão Santos, R. (2008 ). Distribution
et variation des assemblages de faune sur l’édifice hydrothermal Tour Eiffel – Extraction des données
biologiques basée sur les images de MoMARETO 2006. Journées Ecchis (Biologie des ecosystèmes
chimiosynthetiques profonds), Roscoff, France, 7-8 January 2008
Enseignement
Legendre, P. 2007. “Momareto : Exploration des
Conférence dans le cadre du cours Écologie et
2007.
Legendre, P. 2008. “Momareto : Exploration des
Conférence dans le cadre du cours Écologie
novembre 2008.
sources hydrothermales de la dorsale médio-atlantique”.
environnement, Bio 1803, à l’Université de Montréal. 22 mars
sources hydrothermales de la dorsale médio-atlantique”.
et environnement, Bio 1803, à l’Université de Montréal. 12
Posters
Bruneaux M., Terrier P., Legendre P., Pasquier J., Lallier F.H., Zal F., Leize E., Analyse statistique multivariable de
données obtenues en ESI-MS : l’exemple de la plasticité phénotypique de l’hémocyanine de Crustacé chez
les crabes Carcinus maenas et Segonzacia mesatlantica, poster, 25èmes Journées Françaises de Spectrométrie
de Masse, 8-10th September 2008, Grenoble
Byrne N., V. Crepeau, J-L. Birrien, M. Strous, M. Schmid, B. Kartal, F. Lesongeur, D. Prieur, A. Godfroy. (2007)
Recherche de bactéries Anammox dans les ecosystèmes hydrothermaux profonds de la dorsale médio
atlantique. 3éme Congrès d’Ecologie Microbienne de l’association Francophone d’Ecologie Microbienne
Montpellier
Byrne, N., F. Lesongeur, D. Prieur, A. Godfroy. (2007) Diversité métabolique des micro-organismes des édifices
hydrothermaux actifs: cultures d’enrichissement en bioréacteur. 3éme Congrès d’Ecologie Microbienne de
l’association Francophone d’Ecologie Microbienne Montpellier
Terrier P., Bruneaux M., Zal F., Potier N., Leize-Wagner E., Analyse par spectrométrie de masse supramoléculaire
des pigments respiratoires d’invertébrés marins: apport du suivi de leur dénaturation, poster, 24ème Journées
Françaises de Spectrométrie de Masse, 16-20th September 2007, Pau
Rubrique 8: Rapports de contrats (CEE, FAO, Convention, Collectivités …)
Marie Curie Actions RTN Periodic Activity Report for MOMARNET from 01/09/2005 to 31/08/2006 (Monitoring deep
seafloor hydrothermal environments on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge No.: 505026) for the EUROPEAN
COMMISSION, RESEARCH DG HUMAN RESOURCES AND MOBILITY. Dr. Mathilde Cannat, INSTITUT DE
PHYSIQUE DU GLOBE DE PARIS.
Marie Curie Actions RTN Mid-Term Activity Report for MOMARNET from 01/09/2004 to 31/08/2006.
*Sarradin P.M., EXOCET/D periodic management report, DEEP/LEP 07-26, 2007.
*Sarradin P.M., EXOCET/D periodic activity report, DEEP/LEP 07-17, 2007.
Rubrique 10: Brevets - Enveloppes Soleau
121
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
122
122
*D. Le Roux, R. Vuillemin, 09 septembre 2004. Réalisation d’un circuit hydraulique gravé en PMMA. Enveloppe
Soleau 206598 170904 registered at the INPI
*Zal, F., Enveloppe Soleau n°210573 déposée le 29 octobre 2004 « Conception et réalisation d'un respiromètre
haute pression pour l'étude d'organismes marins abyssaux : système DESEARE « Deep-Sea Respirometer »»
Rubrique 12: Documents vidéo-films
Reportage sur la chaîne de télévision locale portugaise RTP Açores dans le documentaire “Mar à vista”. Filmé par
José Serra durant la campagne MOMARETO.
MoMARETO : morceaux choisis. M. Gouillou, J. Sarrazin et P.M. Sarradin. Ifremer.
Rubrique 13: Publications électroniques sur le réseau Internet
*Tous les résultats du projet européen EXOCET/D sont publiés sur le site Exocetd/ifremer.fr
MoMARETO/ifremer.fr
Rubrique 14: Stagiaires ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
Master 2
de Busserolles, Fanny. Master 2, Sciences de la Mer et du Littoral, mention Sciences Biologiques Marines.
Comparaison de différents microhabitats colonisés par Bathymodiolus azoricus sur le site hydrothermal Tour
Eiffel (Lucky Strike, dorsale médio-Atlantique). (Supervisé par Jozée Sarrazin) Rapport de Master 2,
IUEM/UBO, Brest. Juin 2007.
*Bernagout Solène. Spéciation du cuivre dissous sur le site hydrothermal Tour Eiffel, Lucky Strike (MAR, 37°N)
Master 2 Sciences Chimiques de l’Environnement Marin. DEEP/LEP 07/10, 2007. Brest, Juin 2007. Supervisé
par P.M. Sarradin et R. Riso.
Crépeau Valentin M2 UBO Recherche de micro-orgaismes Anammox dans les écosystèmes hydrothermaux
océaniques profonds. (Supervisé par A. Godfroy et N. Byrne) juin 2007.
Master 1
Leroy
Mathilde M1 UBO Isolement de microorganismes ferroreducteur ddes édifices hydrothermaux
actifs.(Supervisé par A. Godfroy et J. Holden University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA) 2008.
Serre Martin M1 Contribution à l'étude de la diversité dans les tapis microbiens associées aux assemblages de
moules sur le site hydrothermal Lucky Strike. Approches moléculaires (taxonomique) et culturales de la
diversité (supervisé par A. Godfroy), 2007.
Floc’h, Estelle. Master 1 de l'Université de LaRochelle. Extraction de données biologiques à partir de l’imagerie
vidéo : jusqu’où peut-on aller ? (supervisé par J. Sarrazin et PM Sarradin) Janvier-Février 2008.
DUT
Cornec Clément, IUT (Brest). Contribution à l’étude des variations temporelles de la diversité microbienne dans un
édifice hydrothermal actif. (Supervisé par N. Byrne et F. Lesongeur) 2008.
Rubrique 15: Thèse et post-doctorat ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
Thèses
Brandou, Vincent. Stéréovision locale et reconstruction 3D/4D. Soutenue le 9 décembre 2008.
Bruneaux Matthieu, Equipe Ecophysiologie CNRS/UPMC, UMR7144, « Adaptations respiratoires à court terme et
plasticité phénotypique des hémocyanines de crustacés », soutenance décembre 2008
Byrne Nathalie. Diversité métabolique des communautés microbiennes des édifices hydrothermaux actifs.
(Supervisé par A. Godfroy et D. Prieur) soutenue Décembre 2008.
Crepeau Valentin. Les micro-organismes des tapis microbiens des écosystèmes hydrothermaux sous-marins
profonds. Interactions avec le biotope. (supervisé par A. Godfroy) soutenance prévue 2010
Cuvelier, Daphne. Dynamique temporelle du champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike dans le cadre du réseau européen
MARBEF. (Co-supervision Ifremer –J. Sarrazin et D. Desbruyères, SOC et Université des Açores. 2005-2008.
Halary, Sébastien. Thèse réalisée au laboratoire d’Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes de Université Pierre et Marie
Curie à Paris.
Martins, Inès, IMAR/DOP, Ecotoxicology response of mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus within the fauna of Lucky
Strike hydrothermal vent: microenvironment biotic and abiotic influence”.
122
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
123
123
Piednoël, Mathieu. Génétique comparée des éléments transposables des crustacés décapodes des sources
hydrothermales. (supervisé par E. Bonnivard) soutenance prévue 2010
Riou, Virginie. Thèse financée par le Marie Curie Research Training Network MoMARnet et réalisée à l’Université
des Açores, et à la Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
Post-doctorat
Barnay, Anne-Sophie. Post-doctorat Ifremer, Janvier-Août 2007. Développement d’une approche statistique et
d’une stratégie d’échantillonnage pour l’étude des communautés chimiosynthétiques des écosystèmes
marins profonds. Au cours de son séjour Anne-Sophie a surtout traité les données de température acquises
lors de la campagne Momareto à l’aide d’une méthode statistique innovante, les Coordonnées Principales des
Matrices de Voisinage, données qui devraient être publiées au cours de 2008. Supervision J. Sarrazin, PM
Sarradin
Gauthier, Olivier. Post-doctorat financé par l’ANR DEEP OASES sur le développement d’une approche statistique et
d’une stratégie d’échantillonnage pour l’étude des communautés chimiosynthétiques des écosystèmes
marins profonds. Analyses et optimisation d’indices de diversité de faune. (2008) En cours. Supervision J.
Sarrazin
Rubrique 16: Conférences grand-public
*J. Sarrazin et P.M. Sarradin (2006) MoMARETO, une campagne pour étudier les mystères des sources
hydrothermales. Océanopolis, Brest, 03/11/2006, Festival du film d’aventure océanographique.
*J. Sarrazin (2007) MoMARETO, une campagne pour étudier les mystères des sources hydrothermales. Centre
Ifremer de Nantes, 23/01/2007, Séminaire des nouveaux embauchés.
*J. Sarrazin (2007) MoMARETO, une campagne pour étudier les mystères des sources hydrothermales. Conférence
grand public, 07/02/2007, Cœur des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada.
*J. Sarrazin (2007) MoMARETO, une campagne pour étudier les mystères des sources hydrothermales. Conférence
grand public, 12/02/2007, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
*J. Sarrazin et PM Sarradin (2007) MoMARETO, une campagne pour étudier les mystères des sources
hydrothermales. Conférence grand public, 20/02/2007, Espace des Sciences, Rennes.
*J. Sarrazin et PM Sarradin (2007) Conférence grand public "Quoi de neuf sous la mer ?". 22/11/2007, Centre
Ifremer de Nantes.
123
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
124
124
Campagne SudAçores 1998- Etat du traitement de la campagne au 15 janvier 2004
Publications dans revues à comité de lecture :
Cannat, M., A. Briais, C. Deplus, J. Escartin, J. Georgen, J. Lin, S. Mercouriev, C. Meyzen, M.
Muller, G. Pouliquen and A. Rabain, 1999. Mid-Atlantic Ridge - Azores hotspot
interactions: Along-axis migration of a hotspot-derived event of enhanced magmatism 10 to
4 Ma ago. Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 173, 257-269.
Rabain, A., M. Cannat, J. Escartín, G. Pouliquen, C. Deplus and C. Rommevaux-Jestin, 2001,
Focused volcanism and growth of a slow-spreading segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35°N),
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 185, 211-224.
Escartín, J., M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen, A. Rabain, and J. Lin, 2001. Crustal thickness of the Vshaped ridges south of the Azores: Interaction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36°-39°N) and the
Azores hot spot, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21719-21735
Publications dans revues sans comité de lecture :
Muller, G. Pouliquen and A. Rabain, 1998. SudAçore cruise : Variations in magma supply and
the past segmentation of the MAR in the Lucky Strike- FAMOUS and Oceanographer FZ
regions. InterRidge News, 7-2, 3-33.
Muller, G. Pouliquen and A. Rabain, 1998. La campagne SudAçores : Magmatisme et
évolution de la segmentation de la dorsale Médio-Atlantique au Sud de la ZF Oceanographer
et dans la région Lucky Strike-FAMOUS. La Lettre Dorsales, 5/1-2, 16-18.
Communications à Congrès :
Muller, M., Escartin, J., Cannat, M., Briais A., Deplus, C., Georgen, J., Lin, J., Merkouriev, S.,
Meyzin, C., Pouliquen, G., Rabain, A., and P. da Silva, 1998. Enhanced Mantle Melting
Between 5.5 - 8 Ma Beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37°N, Inferred From the Gravity
Anomalies of two off-axis Volcanic Plateaus. (abstract) Fall AGU, San Francisco, EOS, 79,
856-857.
Deplus, C., Escartin, J., Briais A., Cannat, M., Georgen, J., Lin, J., Merkouriev, S., Meyzin, C.,
Muller, M., Pouliquen, G., Rabain, A., and P. da Silva, 1998. Linking variations in magma
supply and segment growth: Temporal evolution of segment OH-1 (MAR at 35°N) during
the past 12 myrs. (abstract) Fall AGU, San Francisco, EOS, 79, 856.
Pouliquen, G., Escartin, J., Cannat, M., Briais A., Deplus, C., Georgen, J., Lin, J., Merkouriev,
S., Meyzin, C., Muller, M., Rabain, A., and P. da Silva, 1998. Reconstruction of a rifted
volcanic plateau in the FAMOUS-Lucky Strike region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. (abstract)
Fall AGU, San Francisco, EOS, 79, 856.
Cannat, M., Briais A., Deplus, C., Escartin, J., Georgen, J., Lin, J., Merkouriev, S., Meyzin, C.,
Muller, M., Pouliquen, G., Rabain, A., and P. da Silva, 1998. Mid-Atlantic Ridge-Azores
hot spot interactions: A rifted volcanic plateau off-axis from the FAMOUS-Lucky Strike
region. (abstract) Fall AGU, San Francisco, EOS, 79, 837.
Escartin, J., Cannat, M., Muller, M., Pouliquen, G., and the SudAçores Scientific Party, 1999.
Structure and evolution of a rifted volcanic plateau near the Azores hotspot (MAR 37°N).
(EGS Symposia, Den Haag).Geophys. Res. Abstracts , 1, 191.
Cannat, M., Escartin, J., Pouliquen, G., Lin, J., and C. Rommeveaux, 1999. Ridge-hot spot
interactions: along axis migration of a mantle melting anomaly south of the Azores. (EGS
Symposia, Den Haag).Geophys. Res. Abstracts , 1, 191.
Rabain, A., Cannat, M., Deplus, C., Escartin, J. and Pouliquen G., 1999. Focused volcanism in
the OH1 segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (35°N): A study of seamounts distribution and
sizes in the off-axis bathymetric record. EOS Trans AGU, vol.80, 46, 913.
Briais, A., Cannat, M., and the SudAçores Scientific Party, 1999. Analysis of the volcanic
plateau south of the Azores from reflectivity data. Results of the SudAçores cruise. EOS
Trans AGU, vol.80, 46, 913.
Escartin, J., Cannat, M., Lin, J., and Pouliquen, G., 1999. Migration of a mantle melt anomaly
along the Mid Atlantic Ridge south of the Azores hotspot. EOS Trans AGU, vol.80, 46, 957.
Rabain, A., M. Cannat, J. Escartin, G. Pouliquen, Mid-Atlantic Ridge-Azores Hotspot
Interaction: Evolution of Ridge Segmentation Controlled by Propagation of a Melting
Anomaly, EOS, Trans. AGU, 81, December 2000 (AGU Fall'00, San Francisco, USA).
J Escartin, M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen, J. Lin, G. Ito, Temporal variability in melt production of
the Azores hotspot - Mid Atlantic Ridge system, Ridge Workshop on "Physical and
124
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
125
125
Chemical Effects of Mantle Plume - Spreading Ridge Interaction, Troutdale, Oregon, June
2000.
J. Escartín, A. Rabain, M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen, J. Lin , C. Rommevaux & Sudaçores Sci.
Party, Evolution of magmatism and growth of segment OH1 during the last ~10 Ma, Ridge
2000 Workshop, ?, ?, 2000.
J Escartin, M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen and J. Lin, Structure crustale du plateau volcanique
Jussieu: Evolution temporaire des apport magmatiques du point chaud des Açores le long de
la dorsale Médio-Atlantique, RST 2000, p. 126, Paris, France, April 2000.
Cannat, J. Escartin, G. Pouliquen, A. Rabain, J. Lin, C. Deplus, A. Briais, C. RommevauxJestin, Formation du plateau volcanique Jussieu à l'axe de la dorsale Médio Atlantique (36°39°N). Influence du point chaud des Açores, RST 2000, p. 99, Paris, France, April 2000.
G. Pouliquen, J. Escartin, M. Cannat, P. Patriat, C. Rommevaux, Contraintes sur la mise en
place d'un Plateau océanique rifté le long de la dorsale Médio Atlantique à l'aide des
anomalies magnétiques, RST 2000, p. 215, Paris, France, April 2000.
A. Rabain, M. Cannat, J. Escartin, C. Deplus, G. Pouliquen, C. Rommevaux, Activité
volcanique et croissance d'un segment de la dorsale Médio-Atlantique, 35°N, RST 2000, p.
216-217, Paris, France, April 2000.
J Escartin, M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen and J. Lin, Migration of a Mantle Melt Anomaly Along the
Mid Atlantic Ridge South of the Azores Hotspot, EGS Meeting, Nice, France, April 2000.
J Escartin, M. Cannat, G. Pouliquen and J. Lin, Structure crustale du Plateau volcanique
Jussieu: evolution temporaire des apports magmatiques du point chaud des Açores le long de
la dorsale Médio Atlantique, RST 2000, Paris, France.
Rabain, A. and Cannat, M., 2001. Eruptive fluxes in magma-rich ridge environments :
Constraints from seamount size and shape on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (abstract). EUG XI, p
799.
DEA :
Aline Rabain, 1999. Morphologies volcaniques sur la dorsale Médio-Atlantique entre 34° et
38°N. DEA de Géophysique Interne de Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. Labo d’accueil :
ESA 7058-UPMC. Dir. : M. Cannat.
THESES :
Gaud Pouliquen. 2001. Thèse de l’Université de Paris VII commencée en octobre 97. Labo
d’accueil : UMR de Géomagnétisme-IPGP. Dir. : Ph. Patriat. Cette thèse a utilisé les données
magnétiques de la campagne SudAçores.
Validation des données :
La campagne a permis d’acquérir des données de magnétisme, de gravimétrie, de bathymétrie
et de réflectivité. Toutes ces données ont été validées (élimination des points aberrants) à bord.
Par l’équipe SIMRAD et par l’équipe scientifique (pour mag et gravi). Ces données ont été
transmises au SISMER sous format ngdc, .mul, .nav et .imo.
EXPLOITATION en cours DES DONNEES :
L’exploitation de base de la campagne est terminée depuis 3 ans. Les résultats, et surtout
l’intérèt renouvellé pour la zone d’étude, qui comprend les sites hydrothermaux du projet
MOMAR, justifient la poursuite d’un travail au delà de cette exploitation de base. Deux articles
utilisant des données de la campagne SudAçores sont en préparation , l’un sur le contexte
tectonique et gravimétrique du chantier MOMAR, l’autre sur la structure sismique des zones à
croûte épaissie (plateaux volcaniques), à partir des données de sismique légère.
125
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
126
126
Fiche “ Valorisation des résultats des campagnes océanographiques ”
Nom de la campagne : SWIR 61_65
Programme : dorsale ultralente Sud Ouest Indienne (InterRidge)
Navire : Marion Dufresne
Engins lourds : non
Dates de la campagne : 4/10/03-31/10/03
Zone : Océan Indien
Chef de projet : Mathilde Cannat et Daniel Sauter
Chef de mission 1 : Mathilde Cannat
Chef de mission 2 :
Organisme : CNRS
Organisme : CNRS-IPGP
Organisme :
Fiche remplie par : Mathilde Cannat
Adresse : Equipe de Géosciences Marines.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
CNRS UMR 7154
Date de rédaction de la fiche : 5/1/07
4 place Jussieu, Tour 14, 5ème étage, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
Tel : (33) 01 44275192
Fax : (33) 01 44 27 99 69
Résultats majeurs obtenus
The Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) is among the world’s slowest spreading ridges (1.4 to 1.5 cm/yr).
Ultraslow-spreading ridges are known to expose large expanses of mantle-derived peridotites in the
seafloor, and could offer similarities, in terms of magmatic and tectonic processes, with the early
stages of oceanization at so-called “non-volcanic” rifted margins.
Our study focuses on the most melt-poor (seismic crustal thickness about 3.5 km ; Muller et al., 1999)
portion of the SWIR, near the Rodriguez triple junction. We report on a large set of new off-axis data,
covering about twice the area of Iceland, and extending to maximum crustal ages about 28 myrs. This
is the first extensive off-axis data set for a melt-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge. It is therefore the
first opportunity to study the temporal evolution of spreading processes in this environnement. Due to
very low sedimentation rates, details of basement morphology are apparent even in the oldest parts
of our study area. We have been able to identify 3 types of seafloor, two of which show no evidence
for a volcanic upper crustal layer. The following paragraphs give a brief description of these two types
of a-volcanic seafloor. In our talk, we will adress two principal questions : 1- how do these a-volcanic
terranes form, and 2- are they truly amagmatic regions of the axis ?
One type of a-volcanic seafloor present in our study area has been described previously as
« corrugated surfaces » in many other regions of slow to intermediate spreading oceans. Corrugated
surfaces in our study area are remarkably abundant: we counted 39 such surfaces, about as many as
have been identified to date throughout the World’s oceans. These 39 corrugated surfaces range in
dimensions from 4 to 73 km in the along-axis direction (i.e. along-axis extension of inferred large
offset normal fault at the time of their formation), and from 4 to 30 km in the spreading direction (i.e.
cumulated offset along these faults over their period of activity). A few of these surfaces are
juxtaposed in a pattern suggesting that they formed as part of a long-lasting episode of large offset
axial normal faulting. The most spectacular of such episodes appears to have affected a ridge length
of more than 100 km, and to have lasted 6 myrs.
The other type of a-volcanic seafloor identified in our study area has no previously described
equivalent, although it does correspond to the off-axis expression of the so-called « amagmatic ridge
segments » that have been described at the SWIR and Gakkel ultra-slow ridges (Dick et al., 2003;
Michael et al., 2003; Sauter et al., 2004). It occurs in the form of broad, spreading-perpendicular or
oblique ridges, with a smooth, locally rounded topography. We called this type « smooth a-
126
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
127
127
volcanic seafloor ». It lacks volcanic features and exposes ultramafics even when on axis. This is very
different from observations made at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where basalts are always present on axis,
but where peridotites or gabbros are locally exposed on rift valley walls. Smooth a-volcanic seafloor
represents about 40% of our mapped area, and appears to have been emplaced simulataneously on
both flanks of the ridge, in marked contrast with corrugated surfaces.
Réfs :
Dick, H.J.B., J. Lin, and H. Schouten, An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge, Nature, 426, 405412, 2003.
Michael, P.J., C. Langmuir, H.J.B. Dick, J.E. Snow, S.L. Goldstein, D.W. Graham, K. Lehnert, G.J.
Kurras, W. Jokat, R. Mühe, and H.N. Edmonds, Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation
at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean, Nature, 423, 956-961, 2003.
Muller, M.R., T.A. Minshull, and R.S. White, Segmentation and melt supply at the Southwest Indian
Ridge, Geology, 27 (10), 867-870, 1999.
Sauter, D., V. Mendel, C. Rommevaux-Jestin, L.M. Parson, H. Fujimoto, C. Mével, M. Cannat, and K.
Tamaki, Focused magmatism versus amagmatic spreading along the ultra-slow spreading
Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence from TOBI side scan sonar imagery., Geochemistry
Geophysics Geosystems, 5 (10), 2004GC000738, 2004.
Tableau récapitulatif
Nombre
1
2
Publications d’articles originaux dans des revues avec comité de lecture
référencées SCI
3
4
5
6
dont posters
dont posters
Nouvelles espèces (animales, végétales, microorganismes) découvertes et
décrites
7
8
9
5
non
Rapport de
campagne IPEV
non
Rapports de contrats (Union européenne, FAO, Convention, Collectivités …)
13
0
non
non
10 Applications (essais thérapeutiques ou cliniques, AMM …)
non
11 Brevets
non
12 Publications d’atlas (cartes, photos)
non
13 Documents vidéo-films
non
14 Publications électroniques sur le réseau Internet
non
15 DEA ou MASTER ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
1
16 Thèses ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
non
17 Validation des données
en cours : ...oui
terminée : ....
127
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
18 Transmission au SISMER
19 Transmission à d’autres banques de données
128
128
Non : ..pas encore..
Oui : ....
Non : .non...
Oui : ....
20 Transmission à d’autres équipes
Non : ....
Oui : ....
21 Considérez-vous l’exploitation
en cours : ..oui..
terminée :
.non...
Articles
Cannat, M., D. Sauter, V. Mendel, E. Ruellan, K. Okino, J. Escartin, V. Combier, and M. Baala, Modes of seafloor
generation at a melt-poor ultra-slow-spreading ridge, Geology, 34 (7), 605-608, 2006.
Patriat, P., Sloan, H., and Sauter, D., 2008, From slow to ultraslow: A previously undetected event at the
Southwest Indian Ridge at ca. 24 Ma: Geology, v. 36, p. 207-210.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Bezos, A., Meyzen, C., Humler, E., and Le Rigoleur, M., 2008, Spreading rate, spreading
obliquity, and melt supply at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Geochemistry Geophysics
Geosystems, v. 9.
Sauter, D., Cannat, M., and Mendel, V., 2008, Magnetization of 0-26.5 Ma seafloor at the ultraslow spreading
Southwest Indian Ridge, 61 degrees-67 degrees E: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 9.
Cannat, M., Manatschal, G., Sauter, D., and Peron-Pinvidic, G., in press, Assessing the conditions of continental
breakup at magma-poor rifted margins : what can we learn from slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges ?
Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris.
Conférences :
Cannat, M., Lavier, L., Sauter, D., and J. Escartin. Oceanic corrugated surfaces and the strength of the axial lithosphere
at slow spreading ridges. AGU 2008 San Francisco
Cannat, M., Manatschal, G., Sauter, D., and Peron-Pinvidic, G., Assessing the conditions of continental breakup at
magma-poor rifted margins : what can we learn from slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges ? Invited presentation. AGU
2008 San Francisco.
Cannat, M., D. Sauter, G. Manatschal and G. Peron-Pinvidic. Slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and the onset of
oceanization at rifted continental margins. « Ocean Continent Transitions » Meeting of the Académie des Sciences, ,
19-21 sept 2007, Paris. INVITED.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Lavier, L., Escartin, J., Manatschal, G. and G. Peron-Pivindic. Modes of normal faulting and
mantle exhumation at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. To what extent could they apply to ocean continent
transitions ? 2007. Eos Trans. AGU,xx(xx), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract xxxx. INVITED.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Manatschal, G., and G. Peron-Pivindic, 2007. Ultra-slow spreading ridges and oceanization at
slowly rifted margins. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, A-10395. INVITED.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Mendel, V., Escartin, J., 2006 Large offset normal faults, ridge obliquity, and the distribution of
volcanism at a melt-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge Eos Trans. AGU,87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V11G-02
INVITED.
Sauter, D., Cannat, M., V. Mendel, and P. Patriat. 2005. Volcanic versus A-volcanic Accretion at a Melt-Poor UltraslowSpreading Ridge; New Insights from Magnetization of 0-30 Ma Seafloor at the Easternmost Southwest Indian Ridge.
Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., T32A-02.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Escartin, J., and V. Mendel. 2005. Oceanic detachment faults at the ultra-slow spreading
Southwest Indian Ridge. Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., T32A-01 INVITED
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Escartin, J., and V. Mendel. 2005 . Seafloor generation at a melt-poor ultra-slow-spreading ridge.
Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., T41E-1349 INVITED.
Cannat, M., Sauter, J. Escartin, D., Mendel, V., Ruellan, E., Okino, K. 2005. A-volcanic seafloor generation at a melt-poor
ultraslow-spreading ridge: Southwest Indian Ridge 61-67°E. Geophysical Res. Abstracts, Vienna, Geophysical
Research Abstracts, EGU-A-09159.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Mendel, V., Ruellan, E., Okino, K., Humler, E, and C. Mével, 2004. Spreading geometry and melt
supply at the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. EOS Trans. AGU, vol 85 (47), Fall Meeting Suppl.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Mendel, V., Ruellan, E., Okino, K., Escartin, J., Combier, V., and M. Baala, 2004. Tectonique
extensive et morphologie du plancher océanique d’une dorsale ultra-lente : un cas extrème de dénudation du
manteau ? RST Strasbourg, RSTGV-A-00594.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Mendel, V., Ruellan, E., Okino, K., Humler, E., Combier, V., and M. Baala, 2004. A >26 Myrs
record of melt supply variations and axial tectonics in a magma poor region of the very slow spreading Southwest
Indian Ridge (Abstract). Goldschmidt Conference Abstract Volume, pp A-694, Copenhagen.
128
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
129
129
Valorisation des campagnes à la mer
Navires Ifremer - IRD - IPEV
(à envoyer par courriel à [email protected] )
Nom de la campagne : SISMOMAR
Projet / Programme de rattachement : MoMAR
Navire : Atalante
Engins lourds : compresseurs et canons de la sismique
lourde. Flute sismique multitraces 4.5 km
Zone(s) : Atlantique nord, SO des iles Acores
Dates de la campagne : 31 mai - 3 juillet 2005
Nombre de jours sur zone/en transit : 26 / 5
Chef de mission principal (Nom, prénom et organisme) : CRAWFORD Wayne, CNRS-IPGP
Nombre de chercheurs et d’enseignants-chercheurs (en mer / à terre) : 4 / +4
Nombre d’ingénieurs et de techniciens (en mer / à terre) : 5 / +2
Nombre d’étudiants (en mer / à terre) : 5 / +0
Date de rédaction ou d’actualisation de la fiche : 13 jan 2009
Fiche remplie par : Wayne CRAWFORD
Adresse : DGMWR-IRD, Private Mail Bag 9001, Port Vila, Vanuatu
Tel : +678 22250
Fax : +678 23276
1 à 3 pages destinées à informer un large public sur les résultats obtenus
1 – Contexte scientifique et programmatique de la campagne
The Lucky strike segment hosts a
central volcano with an active hightemperature hydrothermal system at its
summit.
2 – Rappel des objectifs
The goal of the cruise was to determine
the three-dimensional structure of the
entire crust beneath the center of the
Lucky Strike segment, and to put this in
the context of segment-scale tectonism
and magmatism. SISMOMAR was a
seismic reflection and refraction study of
crustal structure beneath the Lucky
Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic
ridge. The experiment was composed of
a 4x18 km 3D multichannel seismic
reflection experiment over the top of the
Lucky Strike volcano, a 20x20 km 3D
seismic tomography experiment
covering the volcano and surrounding
axial valley and two long seismic
tomography and reflection lines along
and across the rise axis (Figure 1). We
also collected bathymetric, magnetic and
gravimetric data The reflection data was
collected using a 4.5 km long streamer
towed behind the boat and the refraction
data was recorded using 25 ocean
bottom seismometers (OBS) deployed at
42 sites, SISMOMAR is one of the
Figure 1: SISMOMAR experiment. Map colors indicate depth: purple is ~4 km and red ~1
km. The map is about 120 km wide The 3D reflection experiment lines were tightly spaced
within the yellow box, the 3D refraction experiment shots are indicated by the black lines
and the 2D refraction lines are shown by the red lines. Blue circles show OBS deployments.
129
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
130
130
largest seismic experiments on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to date: only the "MARBE" experiment is comparable in terms of
coverage and number of OBSs (Canales et al., 2000a; Hooft et al., 2000; Magde et al., 2000; Hosford et al., 2001). The OBS
positions also provided a good configuration to measure local seismicity and we deployee 2 broadband OBSs to measure the
seafloor "compliance" (flexure under ocean waves), which is sensitive to fluid-filled zones within the underlying crust.
3 – Principaux résultats obtenus (avec quelques illustrations)
The major results of the experiment include:
− The detection of an Axial Magma Chamber reflector beneath the Lucky Strike central volcano, with a major
faults penetrating near to its eastern edge [Singh et al., 2006, Nature; Combier, 2007].
− A crustal-scale velocity model that reveals a low velocity zone with a very interesting shape beneath the AMC
reflector [Seher, 2008].
− Constraints on layer 2A thickness and velocities. Notably, the nature of the upper crust changes radically
across the axial valley bounding walls, whereas it is quite constant along the rise axis.
− Detection of several dozen earthquakes during the time that the airguns were not shooting, including 3
earthquakes in 6 days that were very close to the axial magma chamber region.
130
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
131
131
Nombre
1
Publications d’articles originaux dans des revues avec comité de lecture référencées
dans JCR (Journal Citation Reports )
2
3
Publications dans d’autres revues ou ouvrages scientifiques faisant référence dans le
domaine
0
4
1
5
Articles dans des revues ou journaux « grand public »
1
6
10
7
0
8
Nouvelles espèces (animales, végétales, microorganismes) décrites
0
9
0
10
0
11
Brevets
0
12
0
13
0
14
DEA ou MASTER 2 ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
2
15
Thèses ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
3
16
Voir References
17
Traitement des échantillons et des données
Si en cours, préciser et donner les échéances
Transmission au SISMER des données acquises avec les moyens communs du navire
18
Transmission au SISMER de données autres que celles acquises avec les moyens
communs du navire
Non/Oui
19
Non/Oui
20
Considérez-vous la publication des résultats terminée
Si en cours préciser et donner les échéances
(NB : cette transmission est systématique dans le cadre des navires gérés par Genavir)
Année n :
Année n+1 : 1
Année n+2 : 0
Année n+3 : 0
0
Non/Oui
Non/Oui
en cours/terminée
Fournir pour chacune des rubriques en classant année par année :
Rubriques 1 à 7 incluses : liste des publications et colloques avec les noms d’auteurs suivant la présentation en vigueur pour
les revues scientifiques.
Rubriques 8 à 13 : Liste des références des rapports, des applications, des brevets, atlas ou documents vidéo
Rubriques 14 et 15 : Nom et Prénom des étudiants, Laboratoire d’accueil. Sujet du DEA ou MASTER 2 ou de la thèse, Date de
soutenance
Rubriques 17 à 19 incluses : données transmises à des banques de données ou à des équipes auxquelles.
Rubrique 20 : Si la publication des résultats n’est pas terminée, pouvez-vous donner un échéancier ?
131
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
132
132
Références
R1 - Références des publications d’articles originaux dans des revues avec comité de lecture référencées
dans JCR et résumés des principales publications
1. Singh, S.C., W.C. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, V. Combier, M. Cannat, J.P. Canales, D. Dusunur, J. Escartin, and
J.M. Miranda, Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field, Nature,
442 (31), 1029-1032, 2006.
R2 – Références des publications parues dans d’autres revues ou des ouvrages scientifiques faisant
référence dans la discipline
R4 – Références des rapports techniques
1. SISMOMAR Cruise Report (31 May - 4 July 2006), W.C. Crawford, O. Aouji, L. Beguery, J-P Canales, M. Cannat,
V. Combier, C. Corela, D. Dusunur, T. Gabsi, A. Pouillet-Erguy, T. Seher
R5 – Références des articles parus dans des revues ou des journaux « grand public »
1. Petit article dans "Pour la Science", 2006
R6 – Références des communications dans des colloques internationaux
1. Crawford, W., S. Singh, M. Cannat, and O.A. T. Seher, L. Beguery, J. P. Canales, H. Carton, V. Combier, C. Corela,
J. Duarte, D. Dusunur, T. Gabsi, M. J. Miranda, A. Pouillet-Erguy and J. Escartin, Preliminary results from the
SISMOMAR seismic study of the Lucky Strike segment, 37N Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in AGU Fall Meeting, AGU, San
Francisco, 2005.
2. Dusunur, D., J. Escartin, W. Crawford, T. Seher, S. Singh, M. Cannat, M. Miranda, C. Corela, J. Ducarte, L. Beguery,
O. Aoudji, P. Canales, V. Combier, H. Carton, and T. Gabsi, Microseismicity of Lucky Strike segment, Mid-Atlantic
Ridge, in AGU Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, 2005.
3. Seher, T., W. Crawford, S. Singh, J.P. Canales, V. Combier, M. Cannat, H. Carton, D. Dusunur, J. Escartin, M.
Miranda, and A. Pouillet-Erguy, Three dimensional slowness images of the upper crust beneath the Lucky Strike
hydrothermal vent sites, in AGU Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, 2005.
4. Singh, S., W. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, J.P. Canales, V. Combier, D. Dusunur, M. Cannat, J. Escartin, J.M.
Miranda, and A. Pouillet-Erguy, Discovery of axial magma chamber reflections beneath the Lucky Strike
hydrothermal vents and volcano and its relationship with median valley faults, in AGU Fall Meeting, AGU, San
Francisco, 2005.
5. Combier V., T. Seher, S. Singh et al., Three-dimensional geometry of magma chamber roof and faults from 3D
seismic reflection data at the Lucky Strike volcano, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, EGU General Assembly, Abstract 2007-A03062, 2007.
6. Crawford W., T. Seher, S. Singh et al., Near-constant layer 2A thickness along the slow-spreading Lucky Strike
segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, EGU General Assembly, Abstract 2007-A-06913, 2007.
7. Seher T., W. Crawford, S. Singh et al., Seismic velocity structure of the upper oceanic crust beneath the Lucky Strike
hydrothermal vent field (37.3°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge), EGU General Assembly, Abstract 2007-A-02386, 2007.
8. Combier V., T. Seher, S. Singh et al., Three-dimensional geometry of magma chamber roof and faults from 3D
seismic reflection data at the Lucky Strike Volcano, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Eos, Transactions, Am. Geophys. Union, 88
(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T23B-1408, 2007.
9. Crawford W., T. Seher, S. Singh and V. Combier, Layer 2A thickness variations and upper crustal emplacement on
the Lucky Strike segment (37N), Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Eos, Transactions, Am. Geophys. Union, 88 (52), Fall Meet.
Suppl., Abstract T33B-1364, 2007.
10. Seher T., W. Crawford and S. Singh, Crustal thickness variations due to deep faulting and the velocity structure of the
Lucky Strike segment (37N Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Eos, Transactions, Am. Geophys. Union, 88 (52), Fall Meet. Suppl.,
Abstract S23A-1119, 2007.
R14 – DEA ou MASTER 2 ayant utilisé les données de la campagne (Nom et Prénom de l’étudiant, Laboratoire
d’accueil. Sujet du DEA ou MASTER ou de la thèse, Date de soutenance)
1.
2.
POUILLET-ERGUY, Allandé, IPGP - Geosciences Marines, Etude du signal "infragravimatrique depuis le plqncher
oceanique profond - Preparation de la mission SISMOMAR, juillet 2005.
ARNULF, Adrien, IPGP - Geosciences Marines, Imagerie sismique de la chambre magmatique et des failles à l'aplomb
du volcan Lucky Strike, avec migration profondeur 2D avant sommation, juin 2008
R15 – Thèses ayant utilisé les données de la campagne (Nom et Prénom de l‘étudiant, Laboratoire d’accueil. Sujet du
DEA ou MASTER ou de la thèse, Date de soutenance)
132
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
1.
2.
3.
133
133
COMBIER Violaine, IPGP - Geosciences Marines, Mid-ocean ridge processes: Insights from 3D reflection seismics at
the 9°N OSC on the East Pacific Rise, and the Lucky Strike volcano on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, octobre 2007.
DUSUNUR Doga, IPGP - Geosciences Marines, Thermal Structure of Mid-Ocean Ridges (Lucky Strike, Mid-Atlantic
Ridge) and Magma Chambers, , juin 2008.
SEHER Tim, IPGP - Geosciences Marines, Seismic Structure of the Lucky Strike Segment at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
septembre 2008.
R16 – Traitements des échantillons et des données en cours (types et échéances)
R1, R18 et R19 – Liste des données transmises (Préciser les destinataires, SISMER, autres banques, équipes
scientifique …)
R20 – Liste des résultats restant à publier - échéance
Crawford W. C., S. C. Singh, T. Seher et al., Crustal structure, magma chamber and faulting beneath the Lucky Strike
hydrothermal vent field, in Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow Spreading Ocean Ridges, AGU, submitted.
Papiers decrivant les travaux utilisés en theses (4-5), a soumettre en 2009.
Papier generale de resume, a soumettre en 2010.
133
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
134
134
Nom de la campagne : GRAVILUCK
Programme : MoMAR
Navire : N/O Atalante
Dates de la campagne : 7 au 31 août 2006
Engins lourds : NAUTILE
Zone : Atlantique nord
Chef de mission principal : Valérie Ballu
Chef de mission 2 :
Chef de mission 3 :
Organisme : CNRS/IPGP
Organisme :
Organisme :
Date de rédaction de la fiche : 12 janvier 2006
Fiche remplie par : Valérie Ballu
Adresse : IPGP, Case 89, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 PARIS Cedex 05
Tel : 01 44 27 73 39
Fax : 01 44 27 73 40
Le segment Lucky Strike de la dorsale Médio-Atlantique a été choisi comme cible pour l’installation
d’observations à long terme dans le cadre du chantier MoMAR. Il s’agit d’un chantier pluri-disciplinaire ; la
campagne Graviluck a permis d’acquérir des données dans plusieurs domaines allant de la géophysique, la
géologie, l’océanographie physique à la microbiologie.
L’objectif principal de la campagne était géodésique. Lors de la campagne Graviluck, nous avons, pour la première
fois sur une dorsale lente, initié une expérience visant à mesurer les mouvements verticaux liés à l’activité
magmatique et tectonique qui affectent le volcan central de Lucky Strike et le mur Est de la vallée axiale.
Pour cela, nous avons installé deux stations d’enregistrement en continu de la pression en fond de mer et installé/
mesuré un réseau de repères géodésiques au fond. En tout, 12 repères ont été installés et 9 d’entre eux ont été
mesurés. La précision obtenue sur les différences de pression (donc de hauteur) entre deux repères géodésiques est
de l’ordre du centimètre.
Lors des plongées du Nautile, nous avons également acquis des données de magnétisme et de gravimétrie fond de
mer qui devraient nous aider à mieux contraindre la structure de la croûte océanique.
Réseau géodésique : Les traits et nombres colorés indiquent le trajet effectué durant les différentes plongées de mesure du
réseau. Le nombre inscrit en petit dans les sphères orange correspond au nombre de mesures sur le repère.
134
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
135
135
Repère_J
Installé 15/08/06
PL1616-8
Prof. : -1708m
Repère_F
Repère_D
Installé 13/08/06
Installé 12/08/06
Prof : -1740m
Prof : -1742m
Prof : -1693m
Prof : -2069m
PL1616-8
Repère_B
PL1616-8
PL1615-7
Prof : -1707m
Repère_L
Installé 11/08/06
Repère_K
Installé
15/08/06
Repère_C
Installé 15/08/06
PL1612-4
Repère_A
PL1614-6
Repère_G
PL1613-5
Repère_i
Installé
14/08/06
Installé
16/08/06
Installé
13/08/06
Installé
12/08/06
Prof : -1734m
Prof : -1699m
Prof : -1744m
Prof : -1645m
PL1617-9
PL1614-6
PL1613-5
Couple de
Δh en metres, calculés à partir des ΔP
repères
(1mBar ~ 1cm) 95% interval de confiance
I-D
430.374 +/- 0.005
D-G
-330.016 +/- 0.036
G-L
-50.681 +/- 0.008
L-C
50.996 +/- 0.006
C-B
-8.290 +/- 0.006
B-F
0.196 +/- 0.008
F-K
-35.295 +/- 0.011
K-J
0.755 +/- 0.013
Résultats obtenus après minimization moindre carrés des données acquises sur les boucles au cours des 8 plongées de
mesure.
Parallèlement au programme de recherche principal axé sur la géophysique et mené avec le submersible Nautile, un
programme d’océanographie physique et de géologie ont été menés principalement de nuit, depuis la surface.
Les données d’océanographie acquises montrent que les hauts topographiques connectant les nombreux bassins à l’axe de la
dorsale et dans les canyons sur des flancs de la dorsale sont des lieux permettant des échanges turbulents très energétiques.
Cela montre que la topographie des fonds sous-marins joue un rôle important dans la circulation océanique globale et apporte
une partie de l’énergie nécessaire à la remontée des eaux profondes vers la surface par mélange turbulent
Des données géologiques photographiques de grande qualité ainsi que des échantillons de roche ont été acquises
principalement avec une caméra tractée (Towcam). Ces données ont permis entre autres de définir la zone où l’activité
volcanique est la plus récente.
Nombre
1
Publications d’articles originaux dans des revues avec comité de lecture référencées SCI 3
135
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
136
136
2
3
4
5
6
8
dont posters
dont posters
Nouvelles espèces (animales, végétales, microorganismes) découvertes et décrites
9
10
11
Brevets
12
13
14
15
DEA ou MASTER ayant utilisé les données de la campagne
16
17
en cours : ....
18
Non : ....
Oui : ....
19
Non : ....
Oui : ....
20
Non : ....
Oui : ....
21
en cours : X..
7
5
4
2
2
Journal de bord
sur le site Web de
l’INSU
terminée : ....
terminée : ....
Fournir en annexe pour chacune des rubriques :
Rubriques 1 à 8 incluses : Une liste des publications et colloques avec les noms d’auteurs suivant la
présentation en vigueur pour les revues scientifiques. A présenter selon la classification du tableau ci-dessus.
Rubriques 15 et 16 : Pour chaque étudiant Nom et Prénom, Laboratoire d’accueil. Sujet du DEA ou MASTER ou
de la thèse, Date de soutenance
Rubriques 17 à 20 incluses : Le type des données validées et/ou transmises,
Les banques de données (SISMER, JGOFS, CDIAC …) les équipes auxquelles elles ont été transmises.
Rubrique 21 : Si l’exploitation est toujours en cours, pouvez-vous donner un échéancier ?
Rubriques 1 à 8 incluses :
Articles dans revues à comité de lecture
St Laurent, L.C., and Thurnherr, A.M., 2007, Intense mixing of lower thermocline water on the crest of the MidAtlantic Ridge: Nature, v. 448, p. 680-683.
Ballu, V., Ammann, J., Pot, O., de Viron, O., Sasagawa, G., Reverdin, G., Bouin, M.N., Cannat, M., Deplus, C.,
Deroussi, S., Maia, M., and Diament, M., 2008, A seafloor experiment to monitor vertical deformation at the
Lucky Strike volcano, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Journal of Geodesy.
Thurnherr, A.M., Reverdin, G., Bouruet-Aubertot, P., Laurent, L.C.S., Vangriesheim, A., and Ballu, V., 2008,
Hydrography and flow in the Lucky Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Journal of Marine Research,
v. 66, p. 347-372.
136
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
137
137
Communications dans des journaux / radios grand public :
Le Monde : article de C. Galus le 9 aout 2006, rubrique Environnement et Science
Le Figaro : ½ page
Articles dans 2 quotidiens portugais des Azores
Emission de vulgarisation scientifique Microméga sur RFI (7 minutes sur la campagne Graviluck)
Colloques internationaux :
Ballu, V., M. Cannat and the Graviluck scientific party, MoMAR observatory: A Geophysical, Geological and
Oceanographical Approach to the Monitoring of the Lucky Strike Segment (GRAVILUCK Cruise), Eos Trans.
AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS31B-1635, 2006.
St Laurent, L., A. Thurnherr, G. Reverdin, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, V. Ballu, Overflow turbulence on the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS13B-1563, 2006.
Thurnherr, A., L. St Laurent, G. Reverdin, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, V. Ballu, Overflows on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Eos
Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS24B-05, 2006.
Escartin, J., A. Soule, A. Bezos, M. Cannat, D. Fornari, V. Ballu, S. Humphris and the Graviluck Science party,
Patterns of volcanism and tectonism at a slow-spreading segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Lucky Strike,
37N): preliminary results from near-bottom geological and geophysical surveys, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52),
Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B33D-05, 2006.
Séminaires / conférences :
Reverdin, G., conférence grand public sur les données Graviluck et les ondes internes dans l’océan, 2006.
Thurhnerr, A. séminaire au Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Phénomènes de mélanges turbulents, 2006.
Thurnherr, A., séminaire au Département de mathématiques appliquées à Columbia University, Phénomènes de
mélanges turbulents, 2007.
Ballu, V. Séminaire Géosciences Marines sur la campagne Graviluck, IPGP, 2006
Rommevaux, C. "Expérimentation en géomicrobiologie lors de la campagne d’exploration marine GRAVILUCK:
une fenêtre ouverte sur la biologie des grands fonds…" IPGP, Octobre 20 2006
DEA ou master utilisant les données de la campagne :
Stage de M1 :
Nolween Lesparre débute en février 2007. Encadrants : V. Ballu et M. Cannat
Sujet : analyse et interprétations des données de gravimétrie structurale acquises lors de la campagne.
Projet de fin d’étude INSA Strasbourg : débute en février 2007. Encadrants MN Bouin et V. Ballu
Delphine Guillon.
Sujet : méthodologie de traitement GPS pour le calcul précis de la hauteur de la surface de la mer.
Stage M2 en 2007 : Encadrants : G. Reverdin et P. Bouruet-Aubertot
Synthèse des données Graviluck sur les ondes internes et en particulier les ondes internes liées à la composante
M2 de la marée.
Rubriques 9 à 14:
Le journal de bord de la campagne a été mis sur le site de l’INSU.
137
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
138
138
Nom de la série de campagnes: BBMOMAR
Projet ou programme de rattachement : MoMAR
Année du début de la série : 2007
Nom de la campagne : BBMOMAR-1
Navire : N/O Suroit
Engins lourds :
Dates de la campagne : 2007
Zone(s) :
Nombre de jours sur zone/en transit :
Chef de mission principal (Nom, prénom et organisme) : CRAWFORD Wayne, IPGP-CNRS
Nombre d’ingénieurs et de techniciens (en mer / à terre) : 7 / 0
Nombre d’étudiants (en mer / à terre) : 1 / 0
Nom de la campagne : BBMOMAR-2
Navire : N/O Suroit
Engins lourds :
Dates de la campagne : 8 - 17 aout 2008
Zone(s) : Atlantique Nord
Chef de mission principal (Nom, prénom et organisme) : BEGUERY Laurent, CNRS
Nombre d’ingénieurs et de techniciens (en mer / à terre) : 4 / 0
Nom de la campagne :
Navire :
Engins lourds :
Dates de la campagne :
Zone(s) :
Chef de mission principal (Nom, prénom et organisme) :
Nombre de chercheurs et d’enseignants-chercheurs (en mer / à terre) :
Nombre d’ingénieurs et de techniciens (en mer / à terre) :
Nombre d’étudiants (en mer / à terre) :
Rappel des campagnes précédentes (depuis le début de la série)
Nom de la campagne
Navire
Dates
Chef de mission
Date de rédaction ou d’actualisation de la fiche : 15 janv 2009
Fiche remplie par : CRAWFORD Wayne
Adresse : PO Box 336, Port Vila, VANUATU
Tel : +678 7771453
Fax : +678 23276
138
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
139
139
Le réseau global de sismomètres et magnétomètres sont utilisées pour déterminer la structure intérieure de la terre, pour
détecter des événements physiques de la terre, et pour localiser étudier des séismes de magnitude 4.5+ à travers la terre
entière. La couverture et résolution de ce réseau sont, pourtant, limitées par la distribution inégale des stations. En effet,
presque toutes les stations sont à terre, laissant des grands trous dans les données dans plusieurs endroits océaniques. Des
stations fond de mer ont été tentes, avec des instruments bien installés (enterrés) pour minimiser le bruit et connecté à terre par
un câble sous-marin. Ces installations sont, pourtant, très chères et ont toujours des problèmes techniques assez importants.
Par exemple, la station H2O, la plus célèbre et le mieux installé des stations sous-marines, installé en octobre 1999 sur un câble
sous-marin entre Hawaii et Californie, n'a fonctionné que trois ans et demi avant de se casser. La réparation, coûtant plusieurs
millions de dollars américains, n'a pas encore été financée.
Nous avons proposé de faire des déploiements beaucoup plus légers des capteurs sismologiques et magnétiques larges
bandes. La partie sismologique, qui consiste en trois déploiements consécutifs d'un an d'un sismomètre large bande, pour une
période totale de trois ans, entre été 2007 et été 2010, s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet Européen NERIES. Le lieu choisi est le
volcan de Lucky Strike, sur la dorsale Medio Atlantique juste au sud des îles Acores. Le choix du site permet à ces instruments
de compléter des données acquis a ce site dans le cadre du programme MoMAR, qui coordonne des études multidisciplinaires
(géophysique, biologie, océanographique, chimique, etc) pour étudier la dorsale Medio Atlantique près des Acores, et dont le
volcan Lucky Strike est un site clé.
L'objectif principal de l'expérience est d'acquérir des donnes larges bandes sismologiques pendant 3 ans, de les rendre
disponible a la communauté scientifique Européen, et étudier le niveau du bruit et de signal sur ces stations. D'autres objectifs
ont été de:
− Acquérir des données larges bandes magnétiques pour évaluer leur utilité dans un réseau global.
− Utiliser les données sismologiques et magnétiques pour contraindre la structure du manteau sous le site Lucky Strike
(une zone avec une alimentation magmatique a long terme).
− Étudier l'amplitude et variabilité des ondes infragravimetrique de la surface des océans au-dessus de le site
− Évaluer si la méthode de tomographie par bruit ambiant a basses fréquences pourrait être utilisé dans les océans.
Dans la première année, nous avons déployé une deuxième sismomètre fond de mer entre le site Lucky Strike et une
sismomètre large bande sur l'île de Sao Miguel, Acores. Nous avons aussi déployé des courantomètres à cote des sismomètres:
un courantomètre doppler qui échantillonnait une fois/seconde pendant 4 jours et un courantomètre mécanique qui enregistrait
tous les 30 seconds pendant 8 mois.
Lors des missions BBMOMAR, nous avons aussi déployé 4 sismomètres courts-periods pour une étude de sismicité du volcan
Lucky Strike. Ces déploiements faisaient partie d'une autre expérience du programme MoMAR (MoMARDREAM et
BathyLuck, chef de projet Javier Escartin), mais c'était plus efficace de profiter des ingénieurs OBS déjà à bord pour notre
expérience. Aussi nous avons pu profiter de notre sismomètre large bande servait pour en faire la 5e sismomètre de ce réseau.
Nous avons récupéré les sismomètres en 2008 après un an de déploiement. Tous ont marché et ont enregistré le bruit du fond
locale ainsi que les tremblements de terre locaux et distants. Nous ne sommes pas encore au point de fournir des illustrations
des résultats.
139
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
140
140
Nombre
1
2
3
domaine
0
4
2
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
10
0
11
Brevets
0
12
0
13
0
14
0
15
0
16
en cours/terminé
17
18
communs du navire
Non/Oui
19
Non/Oui
20
Année n : 0
Année n+1 :
Année n+2 :
Année n+3 :
Année n+4 :
Année n+5 :
Année n+6 :
Année n+7 :
…
0
Non/Oui
Non/Oui
en cours/terminée
soutenance
140
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
141
141
Références
Rapport de mission BBMOMAR1, editeur W CRAWFORD
Rapport de mission BBMOMAR2, editeur L BEGUERY
Touts, inconnu
141
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
142
142
Nom de la série de campagnes: MOMAR’08 Leg 1
Projet ou programme de rattachement : MoMAR
Année du début de la série : 2007
Nom de la campagne : MOMAR’08 Leg 1
Navire : Atalante
Dates de la campagne : 10-24 August 2008
Zone(s) : Atlantique Nord
Nombre de jours sur zone/en transit : 13/2
Chef de mission principal (Nom, prénom et organisme) : ESCARTIN Javier, IPGP
Nombre d’ingénieurs et de techniciens (en mer / à terre) : 3 / +0
Date de rédaction ou d’actualisation de la fiche : 15 janv 2009
Fiche remplie par : ESCARTIN Javier
Adresse : Geosciences Marines, Case 89 IPGP, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
Tel : 01 4427 4601
Fax : 01 4427 9969
142
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
143
143
The monitoring of hydrothermal systems over long periods of times is necessary to understand the processes that take place,
their feed backs, and their controls. Hydrothermal systems are responsible for a sizeable portion of the heat loss of the Earth,
and are involved in important material and chemical exchanges between the deep earth and the surface. We focus our research
on the Lucky Strke hydrothermal vent field, one of the biggest systems found to date and located along the slow-spreading midatlantic ridge. Here numerous vents are spread over an area of 1 km x 1 km, and include both high-temperature vents and zones
of diffuse flow.
We have initiated the instrumentation on the site to recover coincidental and complete time series, including pressure (tides),
seismicity, temperature of fluids, and current meters. This effort is combine with hig-resolution mapping of the area and photo
surveys to identify past and future changes in the distribution of hydrothermal outflows. This instrumental and monitoring effor
is complemented with numerical modeling. All research is coordinated within the MoMAR program.
The main goal is to obtain coincidental data from pressure gauges, seismometers, température sensors, and current meters.
This is complemented by high-resolution geophysical mapping (near-bottom multibeam bathymetry), imagery (electronic still
imagery and video), and sampling for geological, geochemical, and geomicrobiological studies of the Lucky Strike site.
Monitoring was initiated in 2007 with the installation of seismometer, and continued in 2008 with the installation of both
seismometers and pressure gauges. Technical problems prevented the deployment of temperaure sensors at the time. The full
implementation of the project is thus planned for 2009, with recovery of instrumentation and data in 2010.
Instrumentation : We will recover the instruments installed in 2008 in the summer of 2009. Coincidental time series of
seismicity, pressure, and température (partial deployment) will only be initiated in the Fall of 2009.
Mapping : We have created a georeferenced photomosaic of the hydrothermal system from OTUS imagery acquired with
VICTOR. This mosaic extends over an area of ~700x700 m and covers the main active vent areas. Image processing and
georeferencing has been carried out with techniques developed in collaborations with the University of Girona (see Escartin et
al., 2008). Multibeam bathymetry acquired with VICTOR is being processed at the present time, and results available for the
2009 Bathyluck’09 Cruise. Below we present a Small portion of this mosaic, covering an area of 60 m vertically and 45 m
horizontally, where the hydrothermal slab (fractured) and several zones of hydrothermal venting are visible, and correspond to
areas covered with white bacterial mats.
This cruise also included a film crew for a TV documentary.
Escartín, J., García, R., Delaunoy, O., Ferrer, J., Gracias, N., Elibol, A., Cufi, X., Neumann, L., Fornari, D.J., Humphris, S.E.,
and Renard, J., 2008, Globally-aligned photo mosaic of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal Vent Field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
37°18.5’N): release of geo-referenced data, mosaic construction and viewing software: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems,
v. 9, p. Q12009, doi:10.1029/2008GC002204.
143
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
144
144
144
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
145
145
Nombre
1
2
3
domaine
0
4
1
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
10
0
11
Brevets
0
12
0
13
0
14
0
15
0
16
17
en cours/terminé
During 2009
Non/Oui
18
communs du navire
Non/Oui
19
Non/Oui
20
Année n : 0
Année n+1 :
Année n+2 :
Année n+3 :
Année n+4 :
Année n+5 :
Année n+6 :
Année n+7 :
…
0
Non/Oui
en cours/terminé
Submission of first
results for
publication before
the end of 2009
145
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
146
146
soutenance
Références
Rapport de mission MoMAR08 Leg1, editeur J. Escartin
Mosaics and hydrothermal outflow variability – December 2009
Tectonic interprétation of high résolution Bathymetry – Summer 2010
Temperature, seismicity and pressure time series, corrélations and interprétation – December 2010
146
147
ESONET
Deliverable D2
Due date of deliverable: February 2009
Actual submission date: April 2009
Start date of the Demonstration mission:Feb 2008
Duration: 36 months
Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: IFREMER
Lead authors for this deliverable: Jérôme Blandin (Ifremer)
Revision [March 2009]
PU
PP
RE
CO
Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006)
Dissemination Level
Public
Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services
Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services)
Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)
X
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
148
148
148
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
149
149
D2- Description of the operational system: interface specifications, sensors, location
MoMAR-D
ESONET NoE WP4- Demonstration Missions,
MoMAR-D
D2- Description of the operational system:
Interface specifications, sensors, location.
Recovery of the TEMPO module, MoMAR’08, MAR, ©Ifremer
J. Blandin, P.M. Sarradin
Ifremer
Report n° TSI-SI 09/038
April 2009
Access restricted to ESONET partners
149
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
D2- Description of the operational system: interface specifications, sensors, location
150
150
MoMAR-D
Content:
1- Context
1
2- Description of the operational system
1
2-1 The SEAMON / BOREL technology
1
2-2 Acoustic data transmission
2
2-3 Configuration of the nodes
2
2-4 Underwater connection devices
2
2-5 Data storage
3
2-6 Biofouling
3
3- Interface specification
3
4- The sensors
3
4-1 Sensors to be connected to SEAMON
4
4-2 Autonomous sensors
4
5- Location of the nodes
5
6- Planning
5
Annex 1: Instrument integration specifications
6
150
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
151
151
D2- Description of the operational system : interface specifications, sensors, location
MoMAR-D
1- Context
Hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges is a fundamental process that impacts the transfer of energy and
matter from the interior of the Earth to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere. The unique faunal communities that
develop near these vents are sustained by chemosynthetic microorganisms that use the chemicals in the hot fluids
as a source of energy. Environmental instability resulting from active mid-ocean ridge processes can create changes
in the flux, composition and temperature of emitted hydrothermal fluids and thus influence the structure of
hydrothermal communities.
multidisciplinary observing system at Lucky Strike during one year. Lucky Strike is a large hydrothermal field
located in the center of one of the most volcanically active segment of the MAR. Monitoring this field offers a high
probability of capturing evidence for volcanic events, observing interactions between faulting, magmatism and
hydrothermal circulations and, evaluating their impacts on the ecosystem.
Two Sea Monitoring Nodes (SEAMON, Blandin, J., Rolin, J.F Sea Technology December 2005, Volume 46, No.
12.) will be acoustically linked to a surface buoy that will ensure satellite communication to a land base station.
The first node will be dedicated to large scale geophysical studies and the second, to edifice scale studies such as
ecology and chemical fluxes. The infrastructure should be deployed in 2010 during the MoMARSAT cruise (see
the Cruise proposal, D1).
The objective of this deliverable is to describe the observatory infrastructure, the interface specifications and to
update the list of sensors to be connected to the SEAMON nodes. The foreseen location of the 2 nodes and the
implementation plan are also presented.
2- Description of the operational system
The MoMAR-D experimental design combines autonomous instruments which will store data over the duration of
the mission (1 year), and instruments that will be connected to shore via the SEAMON system.
2-1 The SEAMON / BOREL technology
The SEAMON system includes a set of long-term, non-cabled sub-sea observatory components, initially developed
by Ifremer during the EU ASSEM project (2002-2004). These components have since been upgraded and made
more reliable. SEAMON is the generic name of the seabed stations serving a local set of sensors, whereas BOREL
(Bouée relais) is the surface data transmission relay. The SEAMON stations are rated for 4000 mwd operations.
Each node can provide 8 kWh, allowing for the sensors operation and for a daily data transmission of ca. 40 – 400
kbytes.
The main components of SEAMON are the following:
COSTOF (Communication and Storage Front-end). This electronic unit serves a set of local sensors by providing
them with data storage, communication channels and optionally energy. COSTOF communicates with the ROV via
CLSI (see below), and the BOREL buoy via acoustic modems. The COSTOF robustness and modularity rely on the
use of a low power field bus (CAN) linking a set of simple identical boards, each board devoted to one sensor. The
measurement sequencing is left to each sensor. This way, a COSTOF failure does not prevent data acquisition at
the sensor level. Conversely, data duplication at the COSTOF level is a safety factor in case of sensor damage.
SEAMON can duplicate this data storage for volume < than 2Gbytes per year.
CLSI (Contact-Less Serial Interface) is a small device made of two halves, allowing serial communication between
two units, without electrical connection. If one half is connected to a ROV, and the other half to the COSTOF,
communication can be established between the ROV and any connected sensor. It is very useful just after the ROV
has completed a sensor mechanical installation, to check or fine tune its functioning before the ROV leaves the
area.
1
151
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
152
152
MoMAR-D
The BOREL buoy (Fig.1) is the data transmission relay between the SEAMON
stations and the Iridium satellite constellation. It is moored within acoustic range
of the SEAMON stations and is composed of two identical independent data
transmission channels. Channel 2 can be activated from shore in case of a failure
of channel 1. Each data transmission channel is powered independently and
comprises an acoustic modem, control electronics and an Iridium modem. The
communication is bi-directional and BOREL supports three data transmission
modes: periodic (typical rate 6 hours), triggered by events detected on the seabed,
and triggered from shore. BOREL has now been used for two years in the
Mediterranean Sea, where it was moored at 2000 m depth. The Mediterranean
mooring will be modified for MoMAR-D to take into account the sea conditions
prevailing in the mid-Atlantic. Its position and the local sea/wind state will be
monitored throughout the experiment. The robustness of this mooring is clearly
one of the technical challenges of the MoMAR-D experiment.
Fig.1: The BOREL buoy
2-2 Acoustic data transmission
For five years now, successive SEAMON/BOREL systems have been using the same type of acoustic modems.
Their reliability has now reached a satisfying level, but their energy requirement per transmitted bit (a key
parameter for non-cabled observatories) can probably be significantly lowered. Ifremer is currently working on this
issue. This work started in 2007 with a selection of five modems available on the world market. Among the
selection criteria, the lowest energy necessary to transmit 1 bit at a given distance was sought. In 2008, three of
these five modems were tested at sea, between a sub-sea station at a depth of 2200 m, and the R/V L’Europe. This
test demonstrated that the latest modems require at least 15 times less energy to transmit one bit in those conditions,
than the ones used on SEAMON until now. Longer term tests of the two best modems are planned in 2009,
between the 2200 m-deep subsea station and a relay buoy. The MoMARSAT experiment will directly benefit from
these improvements.
Only a subset of data will be periodically transmitted to shore via the BOREL buoy. The subsampling step will be
designed specifically for each sensor. Simple subsampling operations can be perfomed by SEAMON such as
temporal subsampling, simple statistics, thresholding.
2-3 Configuration of the nodes
Two SEAMON nodes will be deployed in the Lucky Strike vent field (see location in §5). A Table of the connected
sensors, the volume of data transmitted and the energy required for transmission at each node is provides in § 4. A
sketch of the observatory configuration is provided Fig. 2.
• SEAMON-East will be primarily devoted to thematic experiments 3 (Chemical fluxes), 4 (Ecology) and 5
(Physical oceanography). It will connect a video camera, chemical sensors and the CTD/ADCP package.
This node will be moored at the base of the active hydrothermal edifice Tour Eiffel, near the location of the
autonomous TEMPO station deployed during the MoMARETO cruise.
• SEAMON-West will be primarily devoted to thematic experiments 1 (Seismicity and hydrothermal
activity) and 2 (Seafloor deformation). It will connect the pressure probe and one OBS. This second node
will be moored in the western part of the lava lake, near the present location of the pressure probe installed
since 2006.
2-4 Underwater connection devices
To ease the deployment, the OBS will be be connected to SEAMON underwater using a low cost connection
device (CdC,) specially developed and validated during the ASSEM project (Fig. 3).
2
152
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
153
153
Fig. 2 : Sketch of the MoMAR-D experiment
MoMAR-D
Fig. 3 : The underwater connectiondeconnection device
2-5 Data storage
Each connected sensor will independently store data over the 12 months duration of the project. When possible
(volume < than 2Gbytes per year ), the data storage will be duplicated by SEAMON. The Ecology package
(TEMPO) and the pressure gauge already have tested operational SEAMON connections. Development will be
carried out for the connected OBS (IPGP), the NOCS chemical flow analyzer and the CTD/ADCP mooring. Other
sensors will be deployed as autonomous instruments, storing data that will be recovered at the end of the 1 year
experiment.
2-6 Biofouling
Biofouling is a major issue in the vent ecosystem. Biofilms form on every available surfaces and trap the mineral
particles emitted by the hot fluids. The method used successfully (Exomar, 2005 and MoMARETO, 2006) for
preventing bio-fouling on the lens of the TEMPO video camera and on an Aanderaa oxygen optode relies on
localized microchloration. This method does not modify the image, and the concentrations of chemicals released
are negligible.
3- Interface specification
The “Instrument integration specifications” is detailed in annex 1.
4- The sensors
The project relies on the mooring of various sensors to acquire time series related to the seismic activity of the
system, the floor deformation, the chemical fluxes, the dynamics of the fauna and the physical oceanography of the
area. Part of the sensors will be connected to the SEAMON nodes and will transmit a subset of data to the Borel
buoy and the DMAS on shore. The complete data set will be stored in the sensors and in SEAMON when possible
(see §2.5). The other sensors will be used in an autonomous mode.
The complete set of data will be downloaded at the end of the experiment when the sensors are recovered.
All the sensors will be synchronized at the beginning of the experiment. The drift will be measured after the
recovery of each sensor against the GPS clock.
3
153
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
154
154
MoMAR-D
4-1 Sensors to be connected to SEAMON
Sensor
Institute
Data
SEAMON WEST (Geophysical node)
OBS
IPGP
Accelerations
x, y, z
Pressure probe
IPGP
Pressure, tilt
SEAMON EAST (Tour Eiffel node)
Video camera
Ifremer
Video images
Chemini
Ifremer
Fe concentration
Aanderaa
Ifremer
T°, O2
optode
*Chemical
NOCS
Fe, Mn
analyser
concentrations
CTD/ADCP
MARUM
C, T°, P, current
profiles
BOREL (Surface buoy)
GPS
Ifremer
Air / wind
Ifremer
sensor
Buoy attitude
Ifremer
x, y
Wind speed /
direction
Air T air P
Tilt (x,y)
Sampling rate
Volume of
data (day)
Data transmitted
(day)
Energy needed for the
transmission (year)
62.5 Hz
67 Mbytes
1.62 Wh
1 minute
Total
12 kBytes
200 bytes (technical
status + seismic alert)
12 kBytes
12 kBytes
6 min / day
12 hours
15 min
120 MBytes
4912 Bytes
960 Bytes
40 kBytes
256 Bytes
960 Bytes
332 Wh
2.08 Wh
7.79 Wh
12 hours
5 kBytes
256 Bytes
2.08 Wh
10 min bursts
every hour, 1 Hz
Total
10 MBytes
10 kBytes
83 Wh
130 MBytes
51.5 kBytes
427 Wh
1 hour
30 s /hour
1750 bytes
624 bytes
1750 bytes
624 bytes
-
1 hour
360 bytes
360 bytes
100 Wh
102 Wh
* to be confirmed
4-2 Autonomous sensors
Sensors
GPS
T°, P probes , N= 6 to 10
5 to 10 OBS
4 OBS
OBM
Microbial colonization modules
Methane sensor *
Fiber optic temperature
sensors array *
T° probes (high and low ), N =
20 to 40
Current-meters
Sediment trap
Institute
IPGP
LOCEAN
U. Lisbon
IPGP
U. Bremen
IPGP
NOCS - LMTG
NOCS
Location
On the BOREL buoy
On the BOREL mooring line
Around the volcano
Output data
x, y, z, t
T°, P
x, y, z acceleration
Close to SEAMON West*
In the lava lake
Tour Eiffel
Tour Eiffel
Tilt, acceleration
CH4 concentration
T°
IPGP / Ifremer
Around LS vent field
T° (20 to 40)
Ifremer /INSU
Ifremer
Current speed / direction
Falling particle samples
* to be confirmed
5- Location of the nodes
The location of the nodes and buoy is presented in Fig. 4. The Borel buoy will be moored at acoustic range of the 2
nodes, on the volcano heights. The geophysical node (Seamon West) will be moored in the lava lake on a flat
surface. The photomosaic of the area obtained by Escartin et al. (2008, Gcubed, V9, N12) will be helpful to find the
convenient place. Finally, the ecological node (Seamon East) will be located at the base of the Tour Eiffel active
edifice, to continue the study started by the TEMPO module in 2006.
4
154
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
155
155
MoMAR-D
Fig. 4: Location of the nodes and buoy at the Lucky Strike vent field.
The map comes from Ondréas et al. (2009, Gcubed, Vol 10, N°2).
6- Planning
The Fig.5 describes the project planning. The instruments adaptation phase correspond to the modification of the
instruments prior to their connection to SEAMON. The SEAMON adaptation phase will allow the development of
specific drivers for each instrument. During the instruments integration to SEAMON, the sensors will be integrated
(mechanically and electrically) to SEAMON. The system test will be performed on shore using the complete
system: from the sensor to the DMAS.
Fig.5: Planning of the development and integration of the MoMAR-D observatory
5
155
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
156
156
MoMAR-D
Annex 1: Instrument integration specifications
6
156
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
157
157
Centre de Brest
Département Technologie des Systèmes Instrumentaux
MoMAR-D
Instrument integration specifications
Instrument name :
Institute
Date:
Ref. :
Template author :
Template date :
Template Rev. :
J. Blandin
Diffusion :
30/05/2008
confidentielle ;
1.0
n° analytique :
E020903C
restreinte ο
Prog :
PGE02
libre
ο
157
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
158
158
MoMAR-D – Instrument integration specifications
Template rev. 1.0
Identification
Instrument name:
Serial number :
Institute (name, address) :
Scientific contact: name
Technical contact: name
e-mail
e-mail
telephone
telephone
Short description
Intended host station for MoMAR-D
ο Seamon W (Western part of the lava lake)
ο Seamon E (Tour Eiffel)
ο Borel buoy
ο Borel mooring
ο Autonomous
Mechanical characteristics
Weight in air (kg):
Weight in water (kg):
Overall dimensions (mm):
Maximum water depth (m):
Please attach a plan with dimensions and a photo.
Anti-corrosion precautions
We request that each instrument connected to a Seamon station be self protected against corrosion for a
duration of at least 18 months. In particular:
-A set of protective anodes shall be mounted on the instrument body and electrically linked to all metallic
parts of the instrument in contact with seawater.
-The metallic parts of the instrument in contact with seawater shall be isolated from any electrical potential
shared with the rest of the station (power and data lines) and from the instrument electronics.
-The Ifremer team in charge of the mechanical mounting will ensure that all external metallic parts of the
instrument are isolated from the station structure.
TSI/SI/08/033
2/4
158
30/05/2008
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
159
159
Template rev. 1.0
Power requirements
ο
ο
Internal power supply (self powered)
External power supply
If external power supply :
Supply voltage range:
-
V
Must the external voltage be supplied continuously (or can the instrument be switched off between two
measurements) ?
ο
ο
Continuous voltage supply required
Off-on cycle
If power off-on cycle:
Duration of the voltage supply (on time) for one measurement:
Electric capacity required for one measurement cycle:
mA.h
If continuous voltage supply required:
Mean sleep mode current :
µA
Mean active mode current :
mA
Max instant current :
A
Electric capacity required for one measurement cycle:
s
mA.h
Sequencing requirement:
Measurements triggered by internal clock or to be sequenced by Seamon ?
(Seamon can provide a sequencing with 1 mn accuracy along one year).
Data volumes:
Daily data volume generated by the instrument:
Daily data volume to be transmitted to shore:
Data interface specifications:
Electrical format:
RS232
RS485
Serial link configuration:
Data rate:
Data bits:
Stop bits:
Parity:
Flux control:
TSI/SI/08/033
bps
3/4
159
30/05/2008
MOMARDemonstration
Demonstration
mission
MOMAR
mission
160
160
Template rev. 1.0
Data transmission protocol:
Coding:
Binary / ASCII / other
Please attach a description of the data transmission protocol (data exchanges principles, data
encapsulation and command set).
Underwater connector :
All instruments to be electrically linked to a Seamon station must be fitted with the following connector:
Manufacturer: Subconn
Ref: MCPBOF8M or MCOM8M or MCBH8M or MCBHRA8M
Locking sleeve: MCDLSM
The pinning is free. Please specify here:
Pin # Signal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Acoustic characteristics (if applicable)
Frequency range:
Emission level:
-
kHz
Specific installation requirements:
Scientific constraints:
Describe here briefly the installation procedure, from the deck to the operational state on the seafloor.
Electrical connection between instrument and host station carried out on the deck or on the seafloor ?
TSI/SI/08/033
4/4
160
30/05/2008

MoMAR-D Demonstration Mission Periodic Reports

Transcription

Similar documents

lfremer

ddp Lucky Luke:Layout 2

IFREMER - Egalité Professionnelle

4 - Direction des ressources marines et minières

Guide de l`exploitation conchylicole

Hole Cutting Tools - RIDGID Professional Tools

Guide des espèces - Seafood Choices Alliance

Timberline® HD Brochure - Canada (English