Separation Today Dewatering and Drying Technologies

Separation Today
Dewatering and Drying
Technologies for industrial and chemical Processes
02
SEPARATION TODAY
04–05
ANDRITZ fluid bed systems
for the fertilizer industry
17
Centrifuges combined with
hyperbaric filters or filter presses
Increasing use of vegetable raw and waste materials (e.g. for alternative
fuels like bio diesel, ethanol or for the generation of gas in biogas plants)
means that the farmland has to be used intensively, especially in view of
diminishing cultivation areas.
An optimal solution for the dewatering of super-fine coal
06–07
Drying of Coking Coal
in the Fluidised Bed
In the 1980s, large-scale tests for drying raw coal for use in coking plants
were performed in Germany, to increase performance of existing coke ovens.
18–19
ANDRITZ Universal
Pressure Filter
In 1975, Bird Machine Company, now a part of ANDRITZ
Separation, Inc., sold the first Bird Young rotary filters for
use in a terephthalic acid process.
20
Polymer and filtering aids,
dewatering and more
ANDRITZ is well experienced in systems involving fine coal,
flue dust and sawdust.
08–11
ANDRITZ – Your System
Supplier within the Process
of Polymer Production
Dewatering and drying from a single source
12–15
Steam pressure dewatering
The efficient process for yielding a high
DS-content in filter presses
16
ANDRITZ, the experts for solid/
liquid separation for applications
in mineral processing
Alone in processing plants for coal, 10 different types
of dewatering sets are used.
21
ANDRITZ and sustainable
development
ANDRITZ is actively involved in sustainable growth projects
in several markets and industries.
22
Our service offer
for your machine
ANDRITZ combines different centrifuge and filter press brands
under one roof.
23
Our Centrifuge Service
Our range of services for centrifuges includes everything from machine
inspection to complete reconditioning of rotors, machines, gearboxes
and hydraulic systems.
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
03
50 years of experience and innovation
ANDRITZ strengthens market leadership
for sludge dewatering and drying
The ANDRITZ GROUP is a global market leader for advanced technical plant, systems, and
services for various industries (pulp and paper,
steel, energy generation, dewatering and drying of sludges in environmental protection). The
group is headquartered in Graz, Austria. With a
staff of approx. 12,000 working in production
sites, service and sales organizations all over
the world, it is close to its customers.
Complementary acquisitions, consistent inhouse developments and extension of the
marketing network have been the gist of the
ANDRITZ strategy in recent years. It has allowed offering new technologies and products
for long-lasting customer success and brought
average yearly sales increases of 14%.
The ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS Business
Area has been a major driver in this success
story. It is considered as the supplier with the
largest product portfolio for customized solid/
liquid separation solutions.
Since the development of the belt press technology in the early 1970s, almost 50 years ago,
ANDRITZ has been a major technology leader
in the sector of sludge dewatering. Following
the Sprout Bauer purchase in 1990, screens
and sieves were integrated into the product
portfolio, as were centrifuges (with the purchase of Guinard) and drum drying equipment
(acquisition of TCW) in the early 1990s.
The purchase of Swiss-based company 3Sys
at the end of 2002 contributed the belt drying
system to the ANDRITZ portfolio. With it, sludges can be dried using waste heat at around
100°C, virtually without primary energy. Later,
a full concrete housing was developed, which
reduces investment costs considerably.
A total of three strategically important acquisitions marked the year 2004: the purchase of
Bird machine provided ANDRITZ with a centrifuge range of up to 1,200 mm in diameter. In
addition to the Bird and Humboldt centrifuges,
the proven Rittershaus & Blecher filter presses
also became part of the ANDRITZ product
portfolio.
A few months later, ANDRITZ bought the filtration business from Netzsch. This meant that
it proceeded to market leadership for filter
presses. The excellent sales organization of
Netzsch filtration opened the important markets of South East Asia, South America and
India. Sticky cakes, e.g. cakes resulting from
drinking water treatment, can be processed on
filter presses fully automatically thanks to the
scraper mechanism that was developed by
Netzsch and widely accepted by customers.
At the end of 2004, the drying technology section of VA Tech Wabag in Ravensburg (formerly
Escher Wyss and CT Umwelttechnik), a leading supplier of fluid bed systems for drying and
cooling industrial bulk materials and municipal
sludges, was taken over.
Acquiring Lenser Filtration in 2005 was a logical step to further strengthen the ANDRITZ
filtration know-how. Thus, ANDRITZ offers all
technologically relevant filter press components
from a single source. Lenser has remained an
independent organization within the ANDRITZ
GROUP, allowing it to retain its position as
world leader in the supply of filter plates.
In 2006, ANDRITZ signed the contract for the
purchase of Contec Decanter Inc., California,
USA. This has enabled ANDRITZ to add a
further centrifuge and separator service cen-
SALES FIGURES IN MEUR
2008
2007
2006
2005
ANDRITZ GROUP
3,610
3,283
2,710
1,744
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
366.6
364.5
366.5
289.2
tre on the American west coast to its already
tight network of service organizations, and to
strengthen its leading position in servicing centrifuge installations.
The latest purchase was the centrifuge business from Decanter Pty Ltd, Australia, a company mainly active in the servicing of centrifuges, at the end of 2007. This move means that
ANDRITZ can serve its customers on the Australian continent even better and more quickly.
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS has current
sales of over 360 million EUR per annum, with
sludge treatment accounting for some 50 per
cent. The other half is contributed by different
mechanical and thermal solid/liquid separation processes in the petrochemical, chemical,
minerals handling and food industries. Record
values were achieved over the past few years,
especially in the centrifuge and filter press business. Over 450 centrifuges were manufactured
and supplied for sludge dewatering alone.
Nearly a third of sales is generated with spare
parts, service and maintenance. 23 specialized
service and repair centres form a complete and
global after-market network.
Each dewatering unit, each dryer type, is part
of a comprehensive performance package.
Whether belt presses, filter presses or centrifuges, belt, drum or fluid bed drying – customers will be offered the right ANDRITZ equipment for their requirements.
Decades of experience and competence,
customized technical solutions and the global
presence through ANDRITZ service centres
make ANDRITZ an attractive partner for sludge
treatment, even for the most difficult tasks.
WHEREVER YOU ARE LOCATED –
ANDRITZ IS CLOSE TO YOU!
04
SEPARATION TODAY
ANDRITZ fluid bed systems
for the fertilizer industry
Increasing use of vegetable raw and waste materials (e.g. for alternative fuels like bio diesel,
ethanol or for the generation of gas in biogas plants) means that the farmland has to be used
intensively, especially in view of diminishing cultivation areas.
This requires specific fertilization to supply
Example: potash fertilizer
Once the raw material has been extract-
the crops with nutrients and micro / trace
Potassium is one of the three essen-
ed, preparation takes place using different
elements necessary for growth.
tial plant nutrients besides nitrogen and
processes and ANDRITZ fluid bed equip-
phosphor. The annual worldwide con-
ment.
The fertilizers must have good transport
sumption of potash (as KCl) totals about
and storage properties and be easy to ap-
50 million tons. The raw material, potassi-
ply on the farmland.
um chloride, occurs usually together with
other salts (e.g. halite) or magnesium-
Fluid bed apparatuses made by ANDRITZ
containing materials (e.g. carnallite) in ma-
Fliessbett Systeme GmbH are used in nu-
rine evaporates which were crystallised
merous process steps of fertilizer produc-
millions of years ago. Depending on the
tion, as the following application example
geological conditions, this salt mixture is
shows:
either mined or leached using water.
Exhaust Air
Fan
Exhaust Air
Cyclone
Potash
Salt
Heater
Gas
Dryer
Gas
Fan
Air
Gas Burner
Air
Compacting
Press
Mill
Sieve
Sieve
Water
Cyclone
Moisturizing
Cooler
Dryer
Cooling
Water
Kristallines
Produkt
Gas
Air
Fan
Air
Cooler
Compacted
Product
Air
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
05
Stationary, all-metal, low-temperature fluid bed evaporation dryer/ cooler type DDC 1800 for granulated potash. Plant
capacity 340,000 kg/h of granulated potash.
Advantages of ANDRITZ
fluid bed dryers / coolers
for the potash industry:
n
all-metal construction which can be
cleaned with water
n
suitable for high capacities (up to
720 t/h in a single appliance)
n
fast control response in case of
process fluctuations
Stationary, all-metal, high-temperature fluid bed dryer, type DDC 900, for hot gas temperatures of 650°C, for drying
n
dust-free final product due to aspiration
of fines with exhaust air
crystallised or potash separated by flotation.
Further ANDRITZ
fluid bed references
for fertilizers:
The production of potassium chloride (KCl)
In many applications, and for better product
mainly takes place by selective crystal-
handling, the particle size of the potash fer-
lisation using the so-called hot leaching
tilizer is increased by compaction, crushing
process or by crushing and separating the
and screening to 2 to 4 mm particle size.
crystals by flotation and subsequently dry-
The sharp breaking edges generated by
n
ammonium sulphate
ing the KCl-crystals in a high-temperature
crushing are smoothed off by rewetting the
n
potassium nitrate
fluid bed.
particles in a rotating drum and afterwards
n
monopotassium phosphate
moving and drying them in a fluid bed to
n
NPK and NP fertilizers
Advantage:
obtain a dust-free granulate which can be
n
urea prills and granulate
Due to the high hot gas temperature, the
easily handled.
hot intake gas volume can be kept small
and heat losses through the exhaust gas
Drying of the granulate takes place in a
flow can be reduced.
stationary fluid bed using moderately warm
air by evaporative cooling. The granulate is
dried with a minimum of thermal energy input and simultaneously cooled.
06
SEPARATION TODAY
Drying of Coking Coal
in the Fluidised Bed
In the 1980s, large-scale tests for drying raw coal for use in coking plants were performed in
Germany, to increase performance of existing coke ovens.
Wet Coal
Testing was discontinued as the industry
Sieve
began to shift capacities to other coun-
Cyclone
Belt Dryer
tries.
Fluidbed
Dryer
Heat Transfer
Medium Supply
Asian coking plants habitually use a pre-
Fan
Heat Transfer
Medium Reflux
liminary drying process for the raw coal
to moisture contents of approx. 5%. The
shorter coking time and higher bulk den-
Mixer
Dry Coal
sity of the dried versus the wet coal can
Condensate from
Medium Vapours
increase oven productivity by as much as
Heat Exchanger
15%.
In the course of the German research
Double Stage Coal Drying System
projects, several drying processes were
compared. Fluidised bed drying turned
out to be the optimum technology. Thus,
industry since 1963. In 1984, a fluidised
maximum heat input on a small surface.
the fluidised bed process is the method
bed system was installed and operated
This permits a compact plant layout.
exclusively used to dry brown coal for
successfully at Ruhrkohle AG’s research
power plants.
coking plant in Prosper.
Line capacities of 500 t/h can easily be
realised.
But recently the predrying concept is be-
Due to its physical properties (bulk den-
ing reconsidered also in Europe. The rea-
sity, particle size distribution) ground coke
The exhaust steam from the dryer can be
sons are the generally increased demand
coal lends itself ideally to the fluidised bed
used for heating purposes – comparable
and the raw material shortage on the glo-
process.
to a multi stage evaporation plant.
Due to the high inflammability of coal
A considerable part of the heat input to
In addition to increases in the coke oven
dust, the dryer must be operated in a
the fluidised bed dryer can be recovered
capacity, environmental and quality as-
closed steam loop. The absence of mov-
with an upstream pre-dryer which oper-
pects also play an important role. Oven
ing parts at the dryer allows such an op-
ates with exhaust vapours.
temperatures can be lowered at given
eration mode without sealing problems as
capacities, which results in lower nitrogen
they occur in drum dryers, for instance.
Another ANDRITZ technology is also very
oxide rates. The constant feed moisture
The system’s oxygen concentration can
suitable for pre-drying – the belt dryer.
allows stable operation of the oven, plus
be lowered to values which completely
Both dryer types can be combined in a
higher lifetime. The use of cheaper raw
exclude the risk of dust explosions.
highly efficient “DOUBLE DRY” system,
bal market.
coal with higher volatile portions results in
economic benefits.
ANDRITZ has produced fluidised bed
dryers for all sections of the bulk handling
which allows using heat several times and
Use of tubular heat exchangers that are
the utilization of energy in a modern, re-
immersed in the fluidised layer allows
sponsible manner.
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
07
Drying of the waste from
bioethanol production
Drying of DDGS
Wet Cake and
Solubles
Pump
Steam
Cyclone
The fluidised bed system is operated in
Fluidbed Dryer
Fan
Condensate
Demister
120 °C
Excess Vapour
to Evaporator
a closed vapour loop. The water evaporated in the dryer is discharged from the
drying loop with a very low percentage of
Scrubber
inert gas in the form of overheated steam.
The dew point of the excess vapours is
Fliessbettkühler
Dry Granules
>90% TS
higher than typically obtained from drum
<40 °C
DDGS Silo
Fan
dryers or steam tube dryers. The excess
vapours are used as an energy source for
the evaporator system of the thin stillage.
ANDRITZ Fliessbett Systeme GmbH,
Ravensburg offers the same drying proc-
Drying of DDGS in closed Steam Loop Fluidbed
ess for heating either with steam or natural gas. The type of fluid bed dryer is itself
Bioethanol is the most important bio fuel
the treatment of these by-product flows
adapted according to the source of heat
to date. Bioethanol is produced from glu-
which had been used for more than 15
available.
cose by the fermentation of yeast cells.
years now for the drying of sludge from
The glucose is primarily obtained from
wastewater treatment. More than 25 in-
2nd generation bioethanol
starch-containing plants such as corn
stallations function worldwide using this
Due to the competition between food
and wheat or directly from sugar process-
method. In our drying process, the filter
and energy production, alternative ways
ing. The proteins, minerals, fats and fi-
cake and the concentrated stillage are
of producing bioethanol are being devel-
bres from the grain cannot be fermented
initially coarsely mixed and transported di-
oped. The next generation of bioethanol
and are by-products from the process. A
rectly into the dryer using regulated posi-
installations will use cellulose as raw ma-
high-quality animal feed, DDGS, can be
tive displacement pumps. In the dryer, the
terial. Cellulose is extracted from such
obtained by drying the by-product.
wet mixture is distributed and granulated
waste material as straw, wheat stalks,
by a special spreading/crushing device.
corn stalks and leaves, or certain grass
DDGS (Distiller’s Dried Grain with Solu-
Otherwise large quantities of dried mate-
species. By-products are also produced
bles) is obtained from two material flows
rial would have to be blended in.
with these processes and have to be
in the bioethanol factory. Firstly, the paste-
dried. However, the residues do not con-
like filter cake with the insoluble compo-
A further advantage of this process lies
tain ingredients suitable for animal feed.
nents of the grain from the decanter cen-
in the achievement of excellent bulk ma-
Discussion on how these residues can
trifuges, and secondly, the concentrated
terial qualities in the dry granulate. With
be dried and then incinerated to produce
stillage with the soluble proteins, residual
this process, pelletisation of the DDGS
steam is still going on.
sugar, etc., from the evaporator system.
is no longer necessary. This reduces investment and operating costs as well as
ANDRITZ Fliessbett Systeme GmbH,
Ravensburg has adapted a process for
maintenance requirements.
08
SEPARATION TODAY
ANDRITZ – Your System Supplier within
the Process of Polymer Production
Dewatering and drying from a single source
In many plastic production processes, the particles formed during polymerization are dewatered with
centrifuges or rotary filters and then dried in a fluidized bed.
Gastight solid bowl centrifuge HDPE
According to our knowledge, ANDRITZ is
Centrifuges and filters have become a
suspension in a wide range from small
the only manufacturer worldwide availing
major tool in the wide range of chemical
diameter up to 1.2 m for high capacities.
on extensive references regarding dewa-
and petrochemical applications. Espe-
Some petrochemicals, especially tereph-
tering and drying for a great number of
cially in the suspension polymerisation
thalic acid (CTA and PTA), as well as
plastic materials. On that basis, ANDRITZ
of monomers to form: polyolefins, poly-
polyethylene and polypropylene require
can offer both services from one single
styrene, polyvinyls and terephthalic acids
explosion proof gastight or pressure re-
source. For you as the customer, the
(HDPE, PVC, CTA, PTA).
sistant machines at higher temperatures,
number of interfaces to be coordinated
which can be supplied by ANDRITZ.
is reduced to a minimum. This advan-
ANDRITZ supplies tailor made continu-
tage has repeatedly been confirmed to
ous solid bowl and screen bowl centri-
us from our customers all over the world.
fuges for dewatering of polymers from
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
ANDRITZ product range offers also single
cell vacuum rotary filters, which are involved on the crude stage of terephthalic
acid and pure stage, provide a maximum
of efficiency and lowest possible energy
consumption.
ANDRITZ single cell filters offer higher
speeds (higher filtration rates) due to no
internal piping or an external distribution
valve. The filter operates a much thinner
cake and allows much higher wash efficiency then conventional rotary filters.
With the successful development and operating experience of the single cell pressurised rotary filter incl. suitable let down
device, ANDRITZ is able to ensure higher
capacities with less separation equip-
Testing facilities for centrifuges and filters
ment, lower maintenance costs and less
are available to optimize or develop new
energy consumption on the PTA stage
process together with our clients.
with in the production process of terephthalic acid. The pressure filter reaches capacities up to 10.000 kg/m² filter area.
System of Dewatering and Drying of Polymers
Screen bowl Centrifuge
gastight BPA
Typical Flow diagram
for Pressure filterr
09
10
SEPARATION TODAY
Aside from the above mentioned sys-
The VDC-type is preferably used for not
Fluid bed systems of ANDRITZ are es-
tems for the dewatering of polymers and
easy fluidisable bulk material (high mois-
pecially competitive for big line capaci-
plastics ANDRITZ is supplying numerous
ture, wide particle size distribution), the
ties and huge dimensions of the equip-
different systems for heating, drying, crys-
DDC-type for low capacities and material
ment.The biggest ever built fluid bed by
tallization and cooling of polymers and
with bigger particle size and the HDC-
ANDRITZ is of effective working area of
plastics based on fluid bed technology.
type for high capacities and material with
100 m². The highest water evaporation
smaller particle size.
rate in one line is 12 t/h.
So two in series essential arranged technology steps of the polymer production
process can be supplied from ANDRITZ.
This minimizes the interfaces for our clients in the system planning and installation phase.
Wet PVC Cake
Exhaust Air
Fan
Within the polymer production process
Vibrating Disperser
ANDRITZ is focused on the engineering
and supply of continuous operating fluid
Cyclone
bed equipment and systems for mass
Pump
polymers, like e.g. PVC, HDPE, ABS,
Heat Exchanger
PMMA, PAA, POM, PP, PET, PTA, EPS
and Adipic Acid.
All system components are designed tai-
Pump
Hot Water
Fluidbed Dryer
Steam
Dry PVC Powder
lor-made to the requirements of the client
which guarantees an optimum efficiency
1st Stage
Air
2st Stage
and lowest possible energy consumption.
Every planned system can use different
Scrubber
Steam
Air Filter
Condensate
Abb. 6 Drying of PVC in a Fluidbed Dryer
fluid bed types for the drying of water or
solvent containing polymers in open gas
or inert closed gas loop systems, like
shown in the tables 6 and 7.
Cyclone
Wet HDPE
Cooling
Medium
Cyclone
Hexane
Scrubber/Condenser
Steam
Fan
Fluidbed Dryer
Condensate
Dry HDPE
Steam
Fan
Kreislaufgas
Gas Heater
Abb. 7 Drying of HDPE in a Fluidbed Dryer
Condensate
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
11
All fluid beds can be manufactured in
different materials (including special alloy material) and adapted to the specific
product requirements.
The basic data for the design of the drying
systems for new products will be investigated in our testing facilities and appropriate laboratories. Here together with the
client new processes can be developed
to allow a reliable scale-up to production
size equipment.
Fluid bed type HDC
Fluid bed
type VDC
Fluid bed
type DDC
12
SEPARATION TODAY
Steam pressure dewatering
The efficient process for yielding
a high DS-content in filter presses
Again and again, it is required to dewater sludges or residual matter to dry substance contents
which, on one hand, cannot be yielded mechanically and, on the other hand, are not worth while
the use of a drier considering the low evaporation rate. This is the field of application for a filter press
with steam pressure dewatering combining the functions of mechanical dewatering and drying in
one unit.
Characteristic features :
1. During dewatering, no foreign steam is
pressed into the bulk filling, but the steam
cushion is exclusively generated from the
residual moisture still contained in the
bulk filling by heating it up. In practice, it
was evidenced that a residual moisture of
above 30% and below 80% best shows
off the effect of steam pressure dewatering.
2. Due to it that a considerable part of the
pore liquid contained in the bulk filling is
pressed outwards by the steam cushion
and must not be completely evaporated
as in other processes, the steam pressure
dewatering is an energy-saving and rapid
dewatering process.
3. Due to their structure with restricted
solids particles discretely embedded in
the liquid phase, mineral sludges are excellently suited at a grain size distribution
of d50 >30µm.
1 The theoretic
fundamentals
ther heat supply due to the increased
The basic principle of steam pressure de-
heat source, a heat sink in the form of a
watering is based on a unilateral thermal
drainage is generated. Thus, on its way to
activation of a wet bulk filling. When the
the heat sink, the steam cushion pushes
boiling point of the liquid contained in the
ahead the pore liquid still contained and
bulk filling is exceeded, on the side where
presses it off the bulk filling.
the heat is introduced, a steam cushion
is generated, which expands upon fur-
pressure. On the side not showing to the
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
13
2 The practical realization
in filter presses
A filter press converted for the steam
2.2 The filtering elements
pressure dewatering process generally
As regards the flowing properties, the fil-
An ideal option to utilize this effect on a
comprises the following:
tering elements are designed such that
large scale for dewatering and drying of
they can rapidly discharge the vapors
sludge of any kind is the chamber filter
1. The filter press frame
generated during the end phase of steam
press. Thanks to the filter chambers ar-
2. The filtering elements
pressure dewatering. In practice, this
ranged in series with a dept of 30 mm on
3. The heating elements
means that the number of filtrate bores
an average and to their spatial division,
4. The heating system
is clearly higher compared with standard
steam pressure dewatering effects can be
5. The suction device
versions. The filtering elements are nor-
realized in every filter chamber after a filter
mally equipped with commercial heat-
cake was concentrated in the filter cham-
2.1 The filter press frame
bers by mechanical dewatering.
ANDRITZ developed filter press frames
resistant filter cloths.
excellently meeting the requirements of
2.3 The heating elements
The pre-condition for realizing steam
a hot filter press. The side bar version as
The pre-condition for the steam pressure
pressure dewatering in filter presses is the
well in the overhead version permit the
dewatering effect is that within short time
use of special heating elements permitting
installation of the steam pressure dewa-
sufficient heat is introduced into the layer
a rapid and efficient introduction of heat.
tering process. As the filter cakes do no
of the filter cake directly adjacent to the
These heating elements are combined
more adhere upon high degrees of dry-
heating surface. The steam cushion must
with conventional filtering elements and
ing and mostly fall off automatically when
be built up and form a steam front which
then provide the hot surface required for
opening the filter press, the plate trans-
then rapidly expands towards the cold
the steam pressure dewatering effect and
port systems developed by ANDRITZ
side of the drainage. This is only possi-
the opposite cool surface with drainage.
permit the fully automatic operation of the
ble with a well conducting heat exchanger
filter presses.
surface of aluminum alloys, stainless
steels and, in special cases, also titanium.
DDE Filterpress
heating unit
vacuum pump
switch cabine
plate package
membrane squeezing system
vapors
filtrate
sludge
14
SEPARATION TODAY
To avoid that, immediately after having
sure dewatering, the heating elements
3.2 Re-pressing
been generated, the steam cushion be-
are evacuated again and, thus, during the
If the filter press should be equipped with
comes relieved via the filtrate bores, the
filtration proper, heating energy is not un-
membrane filter elements, mechanical re-
heating elements are generally not con-
necessarily lost by heating medium left in
pressing additionally increases the portion
nected to the filtrate outlets. In this way,
the heating elements.
of dry substance in the filter cake.
filter cake for escaping on the opposite
2.5 The suction system
3.3 Reduction of the viscosity
side into the drainage of the filtering ele-
As a considerable volume of vapors is
Most of the heating energy is required in
ments.
generated during steam pressure de-
the first ten minutes after the start of the
the steam front is compelled to pass the
watering, it is made sure that the vapor
thermal activation for heating up the filter
Generally, there are two types of heating
leaves the filter chamber as soon as pos-
cake. In the beginning, it is approximately
plates for the steam pressure dewatering
sible after having left the filter cloth without
the four-fold of the quantity being with-
process: the variant with the heating plate
condensing on the cold drainage side of
drawn from the filter cake after one hour
completely made of metal and that with
the filtering elements. To that end, suck-
of heating up. To avoid that the heating
the sandwich structure, where a plas-
ing is recommended during the phase
sets are selected disproportionally large,
tic frame encloses a metal plate placed
of steam pressure dewatering to, not at
in most cases, a compromise between
onto it.
least, increase the efficiency. Sucking can
supplied peak capacity and time is aimed
be supplemented by a vapor condenser
at. This means, the heating up phase is al-
The advantage of the mere metal plate is
connected before with following filter. If,
ready started in the last five to ten minutes
its extreme stability and its suitability for
instead of saturated steam, water of 95°C
of mechanic dewatering, irrespective of it,
high temperatures, even beyond 200°C.
should be used as heating medium, the
whether this is the end of filtration or the
sucking system helps to reduce the boil-
re-pressing process. As a function of the
Another option beyond the full-metal heat-
ing point of the liquid in the filter cake by
thermal conductivity and the heat storage
ing plates is the light sandwich heating
generating negative pressure in the filter-
capacity, now, a more or less rapid heat-
plate, which is fully heat-insulated towards
ing chambers, until a steam cushion can
ing up in the cake proper takes place. By
the outside by the plastic frame and, to-
form.
the temperature increase, the viscosity
wards the inside, directs the heat via the
of the liquid in the filter cake is reduced
3 Process engineering –
the complete cycle
by up to two thirds. In this final phase of
where it is needed. The sandwich heating plate is made of heat-resistant plastic
The combined mechanical-thermal de-
again which would not have happened
material permitting heating temperatures
watering method of steam pressure de-
without heating up. In this way, consider-
of up to 120°C in continuous operation.
watering is sub-divided into at least one
able volumes of filtrate are pressed off the
mechanical part and a three-part thermal
filter cake.
placed-on metal plate exactly to the point
mechanical dewatering, filtrate emerges
2.4 The heating system
section. Despite the energy-saving drying,
The only possible heating medium for the
mechanical dewatering is approximately
3.4 The steam pressure phase
sandwich heating plates is water of up to
cheaper by the nine-fold related to the
After the completion of the mechanic
95°C or saturated steam of up to 120°C.
dewatering rate and the consumed en-
phase during which the layers of the filter
The full-metal heating plates can generally
ergy and is, as before, the basis for steam
cake directly adjacent to the heating plate
also be operated with thermal oil and at
pressure dewatering.
have already been heated up, the pres-
accordingly higher temperatures; how-
sure in the filter chamber is very quickly
ever, the use of oil as heating medium is
3.1 The filtration
reduced to ambient pressure. In the al-
not uncontested in many filter press ap-
The filtration does not differ from the
ready heated up layers, the liquid begins
plications.
former process adopted for chamber filter
to change over to the state of bulk boiling
presses. The feed pump forces the sludge
where individual vapor bubbles are form-
Compared with other heating media, the
into the filter press with a previously set
ing. With further energy supply, this vapor
saturated steam has the decisive advan-
maximal feeding pressure.
cushion continues to expand and presses
tage that, after the phase of steam pres-
water into the direction of the drainage
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
DDE Cyclus
15
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
Solids Content
50
45
40
Solids Content
70
35
30
25
20
15
Re-Pressing
10
5
2h
Filtration
Drying
Time
and, hence, off the filter cake. Finally, af-
heating plate, a best possible heat trans-
These excellent characteristics are prov-
ter a few minutes, the vapor breakdown
fer via heat conduction up to the end of
ing themselves every day in ANDRITZ
takes place. The steam cushion proper
drying.
plants worldwide. A very good example in
has reached the drainage of the filter
this respect is the municipal sludge treat-
plate and enters the filtrate outlets of the
4 Summary
ment plant of the city of Brussels built
filter plate. During the phase of the steam
The steam pressure dewatering effect dis-
by ANDRITZ - Separation and the steel
pressure effect, up to 30% of the residual
places the limits of the filter presses and
works Acronin at Slovenia.
moisture can be removed from the filter
renders them full thermal driers after the
cake.
installation of the system and this without
renouncing the advantages of mechani-
Due to the incompressibility of the solids
cal pre-dewatering. Where a further in-
particles of the mineral sludges, a “clos-
crease of the contents of dry substance
est-possible ball packing” with free spac-
in the filter cake is nor more possible with
es results which favors the drainage.
a further pressure increase, the phase of
thermal activation begins. The filter press
3.5 The phase of contact drying
equipped with heating plates initially de-
The phase of contact drying is initiated by
waters like a chamber filter press, repeats
the steam break-through in the filter cake.
pressing like a membrane filter press and
Already in the steam pressure phase, the
then dries like a thermal contact drier. In
filter cake shrinks and sensibly looses vol-
this way, the operator of the filter press
ume. This tendency now becomes more
can freely select the content of dry sub-
and more intense. By an overpressure,
stance in the filter cake. In most cases,
which does not affect the evaporation of
within a drying time of one hour, a dry
the filter cakes, the membrane balances
substance content between 80% and
the volume decrease of the filter cake and
90% can be reached.
permits, by pressing the cake against the
16
SEPARATION TODAY
ANDRITZ, the experts for solid/liquid
separation for applications in mineral
processing
Alone in processing plants for coal, 10 different types of dewatering sets are used.
In the mining world,
our name stands for:
n
Dewatering solutions of highest efficiency - maximal production at least possible costs
n
Centrifuges of any kind and with highest
capacity of up to 450 t/h for large coal
and of up to 120 t/h for the separation
of fine coal
n
Wide product range for filter presses
with highest capacities (side bar and
overhead version)
n
Large belt presses of highest capacity
and reliability
n
Rotary filters including the unique hyperbaric filter for up to 120 t/h and the AU-
These are completely different centri-
us to always find the most profitable solu-
fuge types, chamber- and membrane fil-
tion for you and your requirements – and
filter with high speed
ter presses, vacuum- and pressure disc
this as a “neutral” consultant, since we
of coal and other mining products, from
filters as well as vacuum belt filters and
can practially supply all dewatering sets
the tests to the production unit, includ-
screen belt presses.
coming into question.
n
ing commissioning and service
n
Even if for certain applications only specif-
Our close service network worldwide is a
ic sets are coming into question, the fields
further advantage we can offer.
Extensive experience in the processing
Tailor-made solutions for your individual
requirements
ping. For example, super-fine coal can be
Not for no reason, we reached a leading
dewatered with screen bowl centrifuges,
position in the field of centrifuge and filter
filter presses, disc filters or vacuum belt
technology for the mining industry.
We would like draw your attention to some of our references for the coal industry
such as:
filters, the investment and operating costs
With pleasure together with our custom-
n
KWK Zofiowka - Poland
as well as the dewatering results differing
ers from the mining industry, we develop
n
Beresovskajy - Russia
more or less strongly.
new solutions for dewatering processes
n
Daliuta - China
of application are more or less overlap-
/ dewatering tasks. Here, our sales and
ANDRITZ Separation is an innovative
service teams worldwide are in a dialogue
high-tech enterprise in the field of sepa-
with various experts, e.g. from the coal
as well as for the copper and
bauxite industry such as:
ration engineering and its product range
industry, engineering companies etc., to
n
Los Bronces - Chile
comprises 9 of the machines mentioned
find efficient and more profitable solutions.
n
Alunorte - Brazil
above. Our extensive technical knowledge and our wide product range permit
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
17
Centrifuges combined with
hyperbaric filters or filter presses
An optimal solution for the dewatering of super-fine coal
Screen bowl centrifuges can dewater
large solids volumes to high contents of
dry substance. However, a fines loss results in particular in the screen area. To
recover this material and return it to the
yielded substance, it is recommended
to adopt filtration technology, e.g. to use
hyperbaric filters (HBF) or membrane filter
presses. In this way, the moisture content
of the super-fine coal can be reduced to
less than 15% total moisture and a further
process stage – that of thermal drying –
can be omitted.
In this way, the overall system yields an
excellent filtrate quality without having to
use additives such as flocculant etc. so
that this filtrate can be reused as process
The illustration (sketch) shows an overall
With this super-fine coal, the dewatered
water.
capacity of the coal plant of 210 t DS/H
end product has a total moisture of 17%
split into approximately identical partial
and the solids yield is above 99%. Instead
flows to two screen bowl centrifuges and
of continuously operated hyperbaric fil-
two hyperbaric disc filters of 96 m .
ters, also discontinuous membrane filter
2
presses could be used.
Combined Technology Choices (SBC & HBF):
210 t DS/h
24,5% < 63µm
Screen Bowl Centrifuge
Advantages of the combination of technologies:
Hyberbaric Filter
90 t
DS/h
120 t
DS/h
15.7 t DS/h
90 g DS/l
85% < 63µm
74.3 t
DS/h
16.5%
Product
208.3 t DS/h
17,5%
134 t
DS/h
18%
375 t m3/h
< 5g DS/l
n
Lowest moisture content
n
Filtrate without solids
n
Completely closed water circuit
n
Omission of the thermal process stage
18
SEPARATION TODAY
ANDRITZ Universal Pressure Filter
In 1975, Bird Machine Company, now a part of ANDRITZ Separation, Inc., sold the first Bird Young
rotary filters for use in a terephthalic acid process. Prior to that time almost all of the terephthalic acid
process used two stages of centrifugation, both in the crude step and then in the purified pressure
step.
AU-Filter
A single Bird Young filter was able to re-
The single cell rotary filter provides
ficiency and lower cake moistures. Thin-
place both stages of centrifuges in the
unique advantages over conventional
ner cakes also avoid cake cracking which
crude step and the atmospheric centri-
rotary vacuum filters:
affects washing efficiency and leads to
fuge in the pure step. Not only did the
a. There is no internal piping or an external
higher cake moistures
Bird Young filter provide significant capital
distribution valve that limits the speed of
savings over the centrifuges but it also of-
the filter, and therefore the filtration rate of
c. The Bird Young filter can be equipped
fered process advantages such as higher
the filter. Practical experience shows the
with a wash collection pan so that – if and
solids recovery, lower cake moistures and
filtration of the YU filter to be at least six to
when necessary, the wash liquor can be
improved product purity. Not to be forgot-
seven times faster (higher) than a conven-
reasonably isolated from the mother liquor.
ten is the reduction in maintenance costs
tional rotary vacuum filter. (see Figure 1).
over high speed centrifugation.
Faster filtration rates equal smaller filters
With the success of the single cell, rotary
and therefore smaller footprints and lower
vacuum filter in the crude terephthalic acid
installed costs.
(CTA) separation step, the next challenge
The Bird Young rotary filter was developed
by Frank Young and differs from conven-
was to apply the YU filter to the purified
tional rotary drum filters in that it is of a
b. The Bird Young filter operates with a
terephthalic acid (PTA) pressure separa-
single cell design rather than multiple fil-
much thinner cake than a conventional
tion step. This step requires separation of
tration compartments.
drum filter allowing for higher washing ef-
the PTA from water at very high tempera-
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
tures (150-160ºC) and high pressures (5-6
bar g). The ability to make this separation
is advantageous to the process as the impurities are kept in solution and can be
removed by a product wash. However, to
further enhance the process and to offer
additional capital savings it was desired
to also eliminate the second separation
(atmospheric). To do this would require
the pressure filter to discharge the solids
under atmospheric conditions.
Cake Thickness (oc Quantity Filtered) Q
at high temperatures and high pressures
Q
CONVENTIONAL FILTER:
Long Submergence
Thick Cake
Low Rate
Q
After years of reviewing and testing what
t
BIRD YOUNG:
Short Submergence
Thin Cake
High Rate
Filtration Rate = Slope
dQ
dt
t
was termed “pressure let down devices”
ANDRITZ settled for a unique rotary valve
that is able to discharge the solids that
Submergence Time t
are filtered at a pressure of approximately
5 – 6 bar g pressure to a screw feeder
operating at atmospheric pressure. That
a. Slurries can be pumped directly from
screw feeder in turn feeds a dryer.
the pressurized reactor to the filter, eliminating any precipitation of impurities
The application of the ANDRITZ pressure
which may have occurred under atmos-
filter and the rotary valve eliminated two
pheric conditions.
stages of centrifugation and the interconnecting tanks, pumps, and piping, pro-
b. The pressure filter is ideal where the
viding considerable economic savings. In
vapor pressure is high and where scaling
addition, this combination has delivered
may occur under vacuum conditions.
a drier and higher purity product. Its performance has been proven in field tests
c. The pressure filter allows for higher dif-
with pilot scale equipment and in actual
ferential pressures across the face of the
installations.
filter, enabling higher filtration rates and, in
some cases, improved performance
Pressure filtration with the ANDRITZ
pressure filter offers the following ad-
Pressure test filters are available for evalu-
vantages, in addition to those listed
ation on site and a wide range of sizes
above, over conventional vacuum fil-
ensures that we have a filter that will meet
tration:
your production needs.
Cross Section high performance filter Typ HF
19
20
SEPARATION TODAY
Polymer and filtering aids,
dewatering and more
ANDRITZ is well experienced in systems involving fine coal, flue dust and sawdust.
Coal slurry dewatering is particularly at-
Sawdust is of interest if the dewatered cake
handling, and more important still, it pro-
tractive when the dewatered sludge is to
is to be composted, as the sawdust gives
vides the necessary carbonaceous material
be incinerated. The quantity of coal added
sufficient body to the material to facilitate
for optimum composting.
can be adjusted in order that the right balance between improvement of filterability
and the calorific value can be achieved and
autogenous combustion of the dewatered
cake can be enabled.
Filterpress
Fluidpicture
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
21
ANDRITZ and sustainable
development
ANDRITZ is actively involved in sustainable growth projects in several markets and industries.
Production of biofuels from
cereals:
ANDRITZ has strengthened its leading position as a preferred partner to European
industrial companies for bioethanol plants.
TEREOS, one of the largest global starch
and sugar producers and the 4th largest
ethanol producer worldwide, placed its Lillebonne, Normandy, plant in operation over
a year ago. With seven ANDRITZ D7-series
decanter centrifuges, the entire stillage is
eliminated from the distillation columns. In
this European production plant, TEREOS’
sustainability policy has yielded a 60% re-
2nd generation bioethanol:
Biomass:
duction in CO2 emissions and an energy
Governments and industrial companies
ANDRITZ has also supplied a large
balance between 3 and 9, depending on
across the world have launched research
number of biomass drying plants. BDS,
the raw materials and energy sources.
and development projects and run pilot
the new low-temperature belt dryer tech-
plants to produce ethanol from cellulose
nology, is particularly adequate for the
Mastering the critical process stage, still-
(“2nd generation ethanol”). These proc-
drying of biomass used to produce fuel.
age separation, has further strengthened
esses use cellulose-rich materials such
ANDRITZ’s leading position in ethanol pro-
as straw or grass as feedstock. Before
ANDRITZ, a leader in environmental tech-
duction. A further wheat-based plant in
fermentation, these plants break down
nology, is also a preferred partner to many
France, the largest European plant based
the cellulose into fermentable sugars.
industrial companies worldwide that have
on wheat, corn or titricale in the United
ANDRITZ is a technological leader in the
made sustainability their goal and incor-
Kingdom, and the first Asian plant not to
handling of cellulose in the pulp industry
porate it in their production process.
use rice as feedstock will be equipped with
and in solids/liquid separation, and thus
ANDRITZ High Performance decanter cen-
a natural and active partner in these de-
trifuges.
velopments.
22
SEPARATION TODAY
Our service offer for your machine
ANDRITZ combines different centrifuge and filter press brands under one roof, including the Bird
Humboldt, ANDRITZ (formerly Guinard) and KHD centrifuges and the Rittershaus & Blecher and
Netzsch filter presses for industrial and municipal applications.
ANDRITZ offers a wide range of services for its own installed base (about
20,000 machines all over the world),
and also for other brands.
n
High-level repair, reconditioning,
rehabilitation and modernization
n
n
Fast spare parts supply
Competent plant maintenance and repair
at the place of installation
For you, this means
n
n
24 / 7 availability
Use of service vehicles equipped with
all necessary tools and spare parts
n
Experienced service partners with ISO
9001 quality standard
n
Highest standards and guaranteed
reliability
n
Consultation by our expert personnel
The ANDRITZ-Service-Network compris-
sell, as well as AKW, BASF Ludwigshafen,
n
Regular maintenance and repair
es 15 specialized repair workshops and
BK Giulini, Clariant, Crimea Titan, DEC,
Repair of rotors, gearboxes and
eight locations with service technicians,
Evonic / Degussa, EON, Filtratec, Hol-
hydraulic systems on site
so there is always one close at hand. The
cim, Huntsman Tioxide, Infraserv, Kemira,
n
Storage of important specific spare parts
Network includes the central production
Norddeutsche Affinerie, Nyrstar / Umi-
n
Service contracts
facilities with large repair workshops and
core, RAG / Deutsche Steinkohle, RWE,
n
Diagnostic services, metrology
spare parts supply as well as further re-
Sachtleben,
(e.g. endoscopy, frequency analysis)
gional service centers. Over 500 rotor re-
Ziemann, all in Germany … to name but
n
Plant optimization
pairs per year speak for themselves. Our
a few of the many renowned ANDRITZ
n
Modernization
municipal clients include small townships
customers.
n
Mobile plants, standby units (rotors and
to big cities, which have entrusted us with
screws)
repair and servicing orders for many years.
n
Second-hand machines
Examples are Singapore, New York, Bar-
n
Service trainings
celona, Berlin and Vienna.
n
Repair documentation
n
Tailor-made engineering solutions
n
The industrial area covers a wide range
of applications, the circle of ANDRITZ
customers includes such companies as
Omya worldwide, Reliance in India, LGP
Korea, Sinopec Yhizeng in China, Anglocoal in South Africa, Soligorsk and Uralkaly in Russia; Bayer Lanxess, Wewatec,
Kali& Salz, Deutsche Steinkohle AG, Ba-
Thyssen-Krupp,
Xstrata,
ENVIRONMENT & PROCESS
23
Our Centrifuge Service
Our range of services for centrifuges includes everything from machine inspection to complete
reconditioning of rotors, machines, gearboxes and hydraulic systems. Apart from traditional maintenance, we can also modernize and optimize your centrifuge to achieve process improvements or
more cost-efficient operation.
Please contact us for further
information regarding:
nP
otential capacity increases for your
centrifuge, for example by the installation of a multiple screw conveyor.
nM
odernization of the oil circulation
lubrication system
n Improved operational safety with
Backdrive
Maindrive
permanently oil-filled gearboxes
thanks to filling level monitoring.
n Special bowl linings as corrosion
protection for bowls and machine
casings made of standard steel.
Mains Supply
motor Backdrive
Wear protection for the screw with ceramics and drum
This includes (but is not limited to) improved wear protection for all surfaces
subject to abrasion,such as the screw
generator Backdrive
Wear protection with ceramics inside
Backdrive
Old
New = advantages
1 flow monitor =
Oil quantity cannot be adjusted
2 flow monitors for 2 main bearings =
oil quantity can be adjusted
Oil pump is inside tank
External oil pump = more easily accessible
Pressure control valve inside tank
External valve = more easily accessible
Magnetic filter =
machine must be stopped for cleaning
Double filter = can be exchanged
during operation
Oil cooler mounted on base frame
Oil cooler is part of the unit
flights and the outer bowl. This protection
is of particular importance for applications
in the mineral and ore industry.
Progressive optimization of the drive system would mean, for instance, conversion
from hydraulic drive to electrical forward
or backdrive using planetary or disc cam
gears. Such a modification would save
energy consumption and costs and increase environmental compatibility.
EUROPE
AUSTRIA
ANDRITZ AG
Contact Separation Technologies
Phone: +43 316 6902 2318
Fax: +43 316 6902 463
e-mail: [email protected]
Contact Thermal Process
Technologies
Phone: +43 316 6902 2990
Fax: +43 316 6902 453
e-mail: [email protected]
GERMANY
ANDRITZ Separation GmbH
Phone: +49 221 9856 107
Fax: +49 221 9856 119
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Separation GmbH
Phone: +49 9287 75 700
Fax: +49 9287 75 704
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Fliessbett Systeme GmbH
Phone: +49 751 56058 0
Fax: +49 751 56058 920
e-mail: [email protected]
Lenser Filtration GmbH & Co. KG
Phone: +49 7307 8010
Fax: +49 7307 33 275
e-mail: [email protected]
ENGLAND
ANDRITZ Ltd.
Phone: +44 1782 56 5656
Fax: +44 1782 56 6130
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Ltd. – Thermal Processes
Phone: +44 1773 599 540
Fax: +44 1773 599 541
e-mail: [email protected]
FRANCE
ANDRITZ SAS
Phone: +33 1 39 26 05 50
Fax: +33 1 39 26 05 60
e-mail: [email protected]
NETHERLANDS
ANDRITZ B.V.
Phone: +31 2236 33474
Fax: +31 2236 37781
e-mail: [email protected]
BRAZIL
ANDRITZ Brasil Ltda.
Phone: +55 11 2168 0130
Fax: +55 11 2168 0120
e-mail: [email protected]
RUSSIA
ANDRITZ Rep. Office Moscow
Phone: +7 499 940 41 82
Fax: +7 499 940 41 86
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Separation Industria e
Comércio de Equipamentos de
Filtracao Ltda.
Phone: +55 47 3387 9100
Fax: +55 47 3387 9104
e-mail: [email protected]
RUMANIA
ANDRITZ Rep. Office Bukarest
Phone: +40 21 4304 166
Fax: +40 21 4304 166
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ S.R.L., Romania
Phone: +40 269 561 173
Fax: +40 269 561 727
e-mail: separation.ro-sibiu@andritz.
com
SLOVAKIA
ANDRITZ Jochmann s.r.o.
Phone: +421 53 4198 110
Fax: +421 534198 161
e-mail: [email protected]
SPAIN
ANDRITZ Ingenieria S.A., Madrid
Phone: +34 91 663 64 09
Fax: +34 91 651 19 31
e-mail: [email protected]
SWITZERLAND
ANDRITZ 3Sys AG
Phone: +41 56 618 46 80
Fax: +41 56 618 46 81
e-mail: [email protected]
AUSTRALIA
ANDRITZ Pty. Ltd.
Phone: +61 38 795 9800
Fax: +61 39 799 4899
e-mail: [email protected]
CANADA
ANDRITZ Bird
A Division of Andritz Ltd. , Saskatoon
Phone: +1 306 931 0801
Fax: +1 306 931 2442
e-mail: [email protected]
USA
ANDRITZ Separation Inc., Walpole
Phone: +1 508 404 1400
Fax: +1 508 668 6855
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Separation Inc., Houston
12734 Tanner Raod
Houston, TX 77041
Phone: +1 713 856 1750
Fax: +1 713 856 1751
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Separation Inc., Lakeland
Phone: +1 863 665 5811
Fax: +1 863 665 5851
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Separation Inc., Scott Depot
Phone: +1 304 757 2678
Fax: +1 304 757 2689
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Separation Inc., Arlington
Phone: +1 817 465 5611
Fax:+1 817 468 3961
e-mail: [email protected]
CHINA
ANDRITZ Technologies Ltd.
Thermal Processes, Shanghai
Phone: +86 21 5615 7190
Fax: +86 21 5615 7192
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Filtrationstechnik GmbH
Office Shanghai
Phone: +86 21 631 91 066
Fax: +86 21 631 91 068
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Technologies Ltd., Peking
Phone: +86 10 5131 3700
Fax: +86 10 8230 6637
e-mail: [email protected]
ANDRITZ Technologies Ltd., Foshan
Phone: +86 757 8296 9222
Fax: +86 757 8296 9289
e-mail: [email protected]
INDIA
ANDRITZ Separation Private Limited
Phone: +91 44 2615 3750/3751
Fax: +91 44 2615 4741
e-mail: [email protected]
SINGAPORE
ANDRITZ Singapore Pte Ltd.
Phone: +65 6512 1800
Fax: +65 6863 4482
e-mail: [email protected]
e-mail: [email protected]
TAIWAN
ANDRITZ AG
Taiwan Representative Office Taipei
Phone: +886 2 2722 7475
Fax: +886 2 2722 7476
e-mail: [email protected]
SOUTH AFRICA
ANDRITZ (Pty) Ltd
Phone: +27 11 454 3350
Fax: +27 11 454 3381
e-mail: [email protected]
Contec Decanter Inc.
Phone: +1 510 614 1717
Fax: +1 510 614 1710
e-mail: [email protected]
All data, information, statements, photographs and graphic illustrations made in this leaflet are without any obligation and raise no liabilities to or form part of any sales contracts of
ANDRITZ AG or any affiliates for equipment and/or systems referred to herein. © ANDRITZ AG 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this copyrighted work may be reproduced, modified
or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in any database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ANDRITZ AG or its affiliates. Any such unauthorized use
for any purpose is a violation of the relevant copyright laws. ANDRITZ AG, Stattegger Strasse 18, 8045 Graz, Austria
ES.pp.01.eng.04.09